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class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="用户菜单" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=spontaneous&uselang=zh-hans"><span>资助维基百科</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&returnto=%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E6%9F%B4%E6%B2%B9" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录，但这不是强制性的"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>创建账号</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E6%9F%B4%E6%B2%B9" title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>登录</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 未登录编辑者的页面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息"><span>了解详情</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y"><span>贡献</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-製程" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#製程"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>製程</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-製程-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-歷史" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#歷史"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>歷史</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-歷史-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-原料" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#原料"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>原料</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-原料-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-产油效率" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#产油效率"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>产油效率</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-产油效率-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-使用" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#使用"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>使用</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-使用-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-问题" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#问题"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>问题</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-问题-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关问题子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-问题-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-燃料、食物生產互斥" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#燃料、食物生產互斥"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>燃料、食物生產互斥</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-燃料、食物生產互斥-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-黏滯係數" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#黏滯係數"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>黏滯係數</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-黏滯係數-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-能量值" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#能量值"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>能量值</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-能量值-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-開發成本" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#開發成本"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4</span> <span>開發成本</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-開發成本-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-低溫膠化" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#低溫膠化"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.5</span> <span>低溫膠化</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-低溫膠化-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-油路堵塞及沈積物增生" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#油路堵塞及沈積物增生"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.6</span> <span>油路堵塞及沈積物增生</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-油路堵塞及沈積物增生-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-道德及環保爭議性" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#道德及環保爭議性"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>道德及環保爭議性</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-道德及環保爭議性-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-未來發展" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#未來發展"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>未來發展</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-未來發展-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参看" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参看"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>参看</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参看-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参考文献" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参考文献"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>参考文献</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参考文献-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-外部链接" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#外部链接"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>外部链接</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-外部链接-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">生物柴油</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。60种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-60" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">60种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biodiesel" title="Biodiesel – 南非荷兰语" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Biodiesel" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="南非荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%84_%D8%AD%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%8A" title="ديزل حيوي – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ديزل حيوي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biodizel" title="Biodizel – 阿塞拜疆语" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Biodizel" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="阿塞拜疆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="Биодизел – 保加利亚语" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Биодизел" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biudisil" title="Biudisil – 班亞爾文" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Biudisil" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="班亞爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%88%E0%A6%AC_%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B2" title="জৈব ডিজেল – 孟加拉语" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="জৈব ডিজেল" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="孟加拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biodizel" title="Biodizel – 波斯尼亚语" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Biodizel" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="波斯尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biodi%C3%A8sel" title="Biodièsel – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Biodièsel" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%86%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%B2%DA%B5" title="بایۆدیزڵ – 中库尔德语" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="بایۆدیزڵ" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="中库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bionafta" title="Bionafta – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Bionafta" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biodiesel" title="Biodiesel – 丹麦语" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Biodiesel" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麦语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="典范条目"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biodiesel" title="Biodiesel – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Biodiesel" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%92%CE%B9%CE%BF%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%AF%CE%B6%CE%B5%CE%BB" title="Βιοντίζελ – 希腊语" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Βιοντίζελ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="希腊语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biodiesel" title="Biodiesel – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Biodiesel" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biodizeloleo" title="Biodizeloleo – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Biodizeloleo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biodi%C3%A9sel" title="Biodiésel – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Biodiésel" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biodiislik%C3%BCtus" title="Biodiislikütus – 爱沙尼亚语" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Biodiislikütus" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="爱沙尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biodiesel" title="Biodiesel – 巴斯克语" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Biodiesel" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%E2%80%8C%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%B2%D9%84" title="زیست‌دیزل – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="زیست‌دیزل" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biodiesel" title="Biodiesel – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Biodiesel" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biogazole" title="Biogazole – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Biogazole" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biodi%C3%A9sel" title="Biodiésel – 加利西亚语" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Biodiésel" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加利西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gpe mw-list-item"><a href="https://gpe.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biodiesel" title="Biodiesel – Ghanaian Pidgin" lang="gpe" hreflang="gpe" data-title="Biodiesel" data-language-autonym="Ghanaian Pidgin" data-language-local-name="Ghanaian Pidgin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ghanaian Pidgin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%99%D7%95_%D7%93%D7%99%D7%96%D7%9C" title="ביו דיזל – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ביו דיזל" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B2" title="बायोडीजल – 印地语" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="बायोडीजल" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="印地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biodizel" title="Biodizel – 克罗地亚语" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Biodizel" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biod%C3%ADzel" title="Biodízel – 匈牙利语" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Biodízel" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biodiesel" title="Biodiesel – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Biodiesel" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ADfd%C3%ADsill" title="Lífdísill – 冰岛语" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Lífdísill" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="冰岛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biodiesel" title="Biodiesel – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Biodiesel" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%90%E3%82%A4%E3%82%AA%E3%83%87%E3%82%A3%E3%83%BC%E3%82%BC%E3%83%AB" title="バイオディーゼル – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="バイオディーゼル" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Биодизель – 哈萨克语" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Биодизель" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="哈萨克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%9C%E0%B3%88%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%95_%E0%B2%A1%E0%B3%80%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%8D%E2%80%8C" title="ಜೈವಿಕ ಡೀಸೆಲ್‌ – 卡纳达语" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಜೈವಿಕ ಡೀಸೆಲ್‌" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="卡纳达语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B0%94%EC%9D%B4%EC%98%A4%EB%94%94%EC%A0%A4" title="바이오디젤 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="바이오디젤" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biodyzelinas" title="Biodyzelinas – 立陶宛语" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Biodyzelinas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="Биодизел – 马其顿语" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Биодизел" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="马其顿语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%BD" title="ബയോഡീസൽ – 马拉雅拉姆语" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ബയോഡീസൽ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="马拉雅拉姆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B_%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%9D%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2" title="बायो डीझेल – 马拉地语" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="बायो डीझेल" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="马拉地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biodiesel" title="Biodiesel – 马来语" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Biodiesel" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="马来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biodiesel" title="Biodiesel – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Biodiesel" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biodiesel" title="Biodiesel – 挪威尼诺斯克语" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Biodiesel" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="挪威尼诺斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biodiesel" title="Biodiesel – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Biodiesel" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biodiesel" title="Biodiesel – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Biodiesel" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biodiesel" title="Biodiesel – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Biodiesel" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biodiesel" title="Biodiesel – 罗马尼亚语" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Biodiesel" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Биодизель – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Биодизель" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biodizel" title="Biodizel – 塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Biodizel" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biodiesel" title="Biodiesel – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Biodiesel" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bionafta" title="Bionafta – 斯洛伐克语" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Bionafta" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="斯洛伐克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biodizel" title="Biodizel – 斯洛文尼亚语" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Biodizel" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="斯洛文尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BE-%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="Био-дизел – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Био-дизел" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biodiesel" title="Biodiesel – 巽他语" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Biodiesel" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="巽他语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biodiesel" title="Biodiesel – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Biodiesel" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D" title="பயோடீசல் – 泰米尔语" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பயோடீசல்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="泰米尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%A5" title="ไบโอดีเซล – 泰语" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ไบโอดีเซล" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biyodizel" title="Biyodizel – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Biyodizel" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%96%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Біодизель – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Біодизель" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biodizel" title="Biodizel – 乌兹别克语" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Biodizel" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="乌兹别克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_sinh_h%E1%BB%8Dc" title="Diesel sinh học – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Diesel sinh học" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E6%B2%B9%E6%B8%A3" title="生物油渣 – 粤语" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="生物油渣" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="粤语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q167947#sitelinks-wikipedia" 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.ambox-delete{border-left-color:#b32424!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{background-color:#300!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left-color:#f28500!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left-color:#fc3!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left-color:#9932cc!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left-color:#a2a9b1!important}}</style><table class="box-Expand_language plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-notice" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Translation_to_zh_arrow.svg/50px-Translation_to_zh_arrow.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="17" class="mw-file-element" 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.mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-subgroup,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-pretitle,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-heading,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-above,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-below{background:inherit!important;color:inherit!important;border-color:#54595d!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar a:not(.new):not(.mw-selflink):link{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks hlist"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><a href="/wiki/%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9%E6%B2%B9%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="植物油列表">植物油</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Olive_oil_from_Oneglia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Olive_oil_from_Oneglia.jpg/145px-Olive_oil_from_Oneglia.jpg" decoding="async" width="145" height="197" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Olive_oil_from_Oneglia.jpg/218px-Olive_oil_from_Oneglia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Olive_oil_from_Oneglia.jpg/290px-Olive_oil_from_Oneglia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1933" data-file-height="2620" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure><div class="sidebar-caption"><small>▲植物油中的食用油範例 - <a href="/wiki/%E6%A9%84%E6%AC%96%E6%B2%B9" title="橄欖油">橄欖油</a></small></div></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> 類型</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9%E6%B2%B9" title="植物油">植物油</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9%E6%B2%B9%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="植物油列表">列表</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B8%E6%B8%8D%E6%B2%B9" title="浸渍油">浸漬油</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%BE%E6%B2%B9" title="精油">精油</a><br />（<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="精油列表" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="List of essential oils"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B2%BE%E6%B2%B9%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="精油列表（页面不存在）">列表</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_essential_oils" class="extiw" title="en:List of essential oils"><span lang="en" dir="auto">List of essential oils</span></a></span>）</span></span>）</li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> 用途</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%BE%E6%80%A7%E6%B2%B9" title="乾性油">乾性油</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%B9%E5%BD%A9" title="油彩">油彩</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A3%9F%E7%94%A8%E6%B2%B9" title="食用油">食用油</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9E%E9%8D%8B%E6%B2%B9" title="回鍋油">回鍋油</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">生物柴油</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/%E8%84%82%E8%82%AA%E9%85%B8" title="脂肪酸">脂肪酸</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A3%BD%E5%92%8C%E8%84%82%E8%82%AA" title="飽和脂肪">飽和脂肪</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%96%AE%E4%B8%8D%E9%A3%BD%E5%92%8C%E8%84%82%E8%82%AA%E9%85%B8" title="單不飽和脂肪酸">單元不飽和脂肪</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E4%B8%8D%E9%A3%BD%E5%92%8C%E8%84%82%E8%82%AA%E9%85%B8" title="多不飽和脂肪酸">多元不飽和脂肪</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E5%BC%8F%E8%84%82%E8%82%AA" title="反式脂肪">反式脂肪</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar" style="line-height:1.6"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84244141">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:110%;margin:0 8em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:110%;margin:0 5em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9%E6%B2%B9" title="Template:植物油"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9%E6%B2%B9" title="Template talk:植物油"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9%E6%B2%B9" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:植物油"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div id="noteTA-2599e0db" class="noteTA"><div class="noteTA-title" data-noteta-code="zh-cn:生物柴油; zh-tw:生質柴油; zh-hk:生物柴油;"></div><div class="noteTA-local"><div data-noteta-code="zh-cn:生物柴油; zh-tw:生質柴油; zh-hk:生物柴油;"></div></div></div> <p><b>生物柴油</b>（英語：<span lang="en">Biodiesel</span>），是用未加工过的或者使用过的<a href="/wiki/%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9%E6%B2%B9" title="植物油">植物油</a>以及动物脂肪通过不同的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E5%8F%8D%E5%BA%94" title="化学反应">化学反应</a>制备出来的一种被认为是<a href="/wiki/%E7%92%B0%E4%BF%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="環保">環保</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E8%B3%AA%E7%87%83%E6%96%99" class="mw-redirect" title="生質燃料">生質燃料</a>。这种生物燃料可以像<a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%B4%E6%B2%B9" title="柴油">柴油</a>一样使用。<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="製程"><span id=".E8.A3.BD.E7.A8.8B"></span>製程</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E6%9F%B4%E6%B2%B9&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：製程"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Biodiesel.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Biodiesel.png/300px-Biodiesel.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Biodiesel.png/450px-Biodiesel.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Biodiesel.png/600px-Biodiesel.png 2x" data-file-width="884" data-file-height="365" /></a><figcaption>菜油<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%98%E6%B2%B9%E4%B8%89%E9%85%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="甘油三酯">甘油三酯</a>之<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="轉酯化反應" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Biodiesel transesterification"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BD%89%E9%85%AF%E5%8C%96%E5%8F%8D%E6%87%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="轉酯化反應（页面不存在）">轉酯化反應</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biodiesel_transesterification" class="extiw" title="en:Biodiesel transesterification"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Biodiesel transesterification</span></a></span>）</span></span></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Biodiesel_autoconsumo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Biodiesel_autoconsumo.jpg/220px-Biodiesel_autoconsumo.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Biodiesel_autoconsumo.jpg/330px-Biodiesel_autoconsumo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Biodiesel_autoconsumo.jpg/440px-Biodiesel_autoconsumo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="884" data-file-height="509" /></a><figcaption>生質柴油製程</figcaption></figure> <p>生产生物柴油分別為<a href="/wiki/%E9%85%AF%E4%BA%A4%E6%8D%A2%E5%8F%8D%E5%BA%94" title="酯交换反应">酯交换反应</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A2%E5%8C%96" title="氢化">氢化</a><a href="/wiki/%E8%A3%82%E5%8C%96%E5%8F%8D%E5%BA%94" title="裂化反应">裂解</a>、不使用催化剂的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B6%85%E4%B8%B4%E7%95%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="超临界（页面不存在）">超临界</a>方法、<a href="/w/index.php?title=E-%E6%9F%B4%E6%B2%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="E-柴油（页面不存在）">e-柴油</a>、高温分解、微乳状液等方法。生物柴油最普遍的制备方法是<a href="/wiki/%E9%85%AF%E4%BA%A4%E6%8D%A2%E5%8F%8D%E5%BA%94" title="酯交换反应">酯交换反应</a>。由植物油和脂肪中佔主要成分的<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E9%85%B8%E7%94%98%E6%B2%B9%E8%84%82" class="mw-redirect" title="三酸甘油脂">甘油三酯</a>与<a href="/wiki/%E9%86%87" title="醇">醇</a>（一般是<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B2%E9%86%87" title="甲醇">甲醇</a>）在<a href="/wiki/%E5%82%AC%E5%8C%96%E5%89%82" title="催化剂">催化剂</a>存在下反应，生成<a href="/wiki/%E8%84%82%E8%82%AA%E9%85%B8%E9%85%AF" title="脂肪酸酯">脂肪酸酯</a>。脂肪酸酯的物理和化学性质与柴油非常相近甚至更好。 </p><p>酯交换反应是将植物油和<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B2%E9%86%87" title="甲醇">甲醇</a>或<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%99%E9%86%87" title="乙醇">乙醇</a>混合，生成脂肪酸酯，即生物柴油。催化剂可以是<a href="/wiki/%E9%85%B8" title="酸">酸</a>，也可以是<a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%B1" title="碱">碱</a>，但是由于碱催化的<a href="/wiki/%E8%BD%AC%E5%8C%96%E7%8E%87" title="转化率">转化率</a>更高（>98%），若要提高為98%轉化率必需<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E7%B4%9A%E5%8F%8D%E6%87%89" title="二級反應">二級反應</a>以上，通常<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%80%E7%B4%9A%E5%8F%8D%E6%87%89" title="一級反應">一級反應</a>酯化率在98%以下，而且<a href="/wiki/%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E5%A4%A7%E6%B0%A3%E5%A3%93" class="mw-redirect" title="標準大氣壓">常压</a>反应，没有中间步骤，对设备的要求也低，因此一般是採用鹼催化反應。 </p> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9E%E9%8D%8B%E6%B2%B9" title="回鍋油">回鍋油</a>、廢棄食用油轉化</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%85%B8%E9%B9%BC%E8%90%83%E5%8F%96" title="酸鹼萃取">酸鹼中和法</a>：容易產生大量的酸與廢水製造汙染，同時利用鍋爐加熱也極為耗費能源。<sup id="cite_ref-cna-201310310148-1_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cna-201310310148-1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-chinatimes-20140905_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chinatimes-20140905-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-chinatimes-20140906_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chinatimes-20140906-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-udn-20140905-8917456_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-udn-20140905-8917456-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <ul><li>利用<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%AE%E6%B3%A2" title="微波">微波</a>加熱，加入3~4%的<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B2%E9%86%87" title="甲醇">甲醇</a>做為反应物，以固態<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E9%8D%B6" title="氧化鍶">氧化鍶</a>為觸媒，將5公升廢食用油轉化成3公升生質柴油以及2公升<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%98%E6%B2%B9" title="甘油">甘油</a>，耗電量僅0.3度，約1.2<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E5%8F%B0%E5%B9%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="新台幣">新台幣</a>。至於氧化鍶觸媒為固態性質，可以重複使用，沒有二次污染問題。<sup id="cite_ref-cna-201310310148-1_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cna-201310310148-1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-chinatimes-20140905_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chinatimes-20140905-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-chinatimes-20140906_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chinatimes-20140906-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-udn-20140905-8917456_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-udn-20140905-8917456-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="歷史"><span id=".E6.AD.B7.E5.8F.B2"></span>歷史</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E6%9F%B4%E6%B2%B9&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：歷史"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Biodiesel.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="实验室中通过轉酯化反應研制出的生物柴油"><img alt="实验室中通过轉酯化反應研制出的生物柴油" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Biodiesel.JPG/109px-Biodiesel.JPG" decoding="async" width="109" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Biodiesel.JPG/164px-Biodiesel.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Biodiesel.JPG/218px-Biodiesel.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2144" data-file-height="2356" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">实验室中通过<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BD%89%E9%85%AF%E5%8C%96%E5%8F%8D%E6%87%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="轉酯化反應（页面不存在）">轉酯化反應</a>研制出的生物柴油</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Methyl_Linoleate.png" class="mw-file-description" title="空间填充模型，亚油酸甲酯，一种产生于豆油或菜籽油和甲醇的常见的甲基酯。"><img alt="空间填充模型，亚油酸甲酯，一种产生于豆油或菜籽油和甲醇的常见的甲基酯。" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Methyl_Linoleate.png/70px-Methyl_Linoleate.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Methyl_Linoleate.png/105px-Methyl_Linoleate.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Methyl_Linoleate.png/140px-Methyl_Linoleate.png 2x" data-file-width="796" data-file-height="1359" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">空间填充模型，亚油酸甲酯，一种产生于豆油或菜籽油和甲醇的常见的甲基酯。</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ethyl_Stearate.png" class="mw-file-description" title="空间填充模型，乙酸乙酯，硬脂酸或硬脂酸乙基酯，一种产生于豆油或菜籽油和乙醇的乙基酯。"><img alt="空间填充模型，乙酸乙酯，硬脂酸或硬脂酸乙基酯，一种产生于豆油或菜籽油和乙醇的乙基酯。" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Ethyl_Stearate.png/120px-Ethyl_Stearate.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="51" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Ethyl_Stearate.png/180px-Ethyl_Stearate.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Ethyl_Stearate.png/240px-Ethyl_Stearate.png 2x" data-file-width="1790" data-file-height="763" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">空间填充模型，乙酸乙酯，硬脂酸或硬脂酸乙基酯，一种产生于豆油或菜籽油和乙醇的乙基酯。</div> </li> </ul> <p>1853年，兩個化學家E達菲（E. Duffy）和J.帕特里克（J. Patrick），第一次試驗成功將<a href="/wiki/%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9%E6%B2%B9" title="植物油">植物油</a>酯交換製造肥皂。<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>西元1876年德國工程師<a href="/wiki/%E9%B2%81%E9%81%93%E5%A4%AB%C2%B7%E7%8B%84%E5%A1%9E%E5%B0%94" title="鲁道夫·狄塞尔">鲁道夫·狄塞尔</a>（Rudolf Diesel）發明了<a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%B4%E6%B2%B9%E5%BC%95%E6%93%8E" title="柴油引擎">柴油引擎</a>，最初使用<a href="/wiki/%E8%8A%B1%E7%94%9F%E6%B2%B9" title="花生油">花生油</a>當燃料，但花生油成本太貴，難以與<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%BD%E6%B2%B9" title="汽油">汽油</a>競爭，後來便使用<a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%B4%E6%B2%B9" title="柴油">石化柴油</a>做為燃料。用<a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%B9%E8%84%82" class="mw-redirect" title="油脂">油脂</a>來做為現今柴油引擎的燃料會遇到一個問題，油脂的黏度太高難以噴成細霧狀使用，1990年後開始使用轉脂化技術將高黏度的油脂轉化為低黏度的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%95%E9%93%BEDNA%E7%BB%93%E5%90%88%E8%9B%8B%E7%99%BD" title="单链DNA结合蛋白">單鏈</a><a href="/wiki/%E8%84%82%E8%82%AA%E9%85%B8%E7%94%B2%E9%85%AF" title="脂肪酸甲酯">脂肪酸甲酯</a>，做為柴油引擎的原料使用，因此各國皆開始利用為加工過的油脂或者是廢棄的油脂經煉成生質柴油。<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>當時，為紀念該次活動，宣布8月10日為「國際生物柴油日」。<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="原料"><span id=".E5.8E.9F.E6.96.99"></span>原料</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E6%9F%B4%E6%B2%B9&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：原料"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>生产生物柴油的原料往往根据各地区可以得到的原料种类不同而不同。实际产油效率和技术不同。下面列出了一些国家和地区所採用的主要原料： </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD" title="美国">美国</a>：<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%B1%86" title="大豆">大豆</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%89%E7%B1%B3" title="玉米">玉米</a>、动物脂肪</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2" title="欧洲">欧洲</a>：<a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%B9%E8%8F%9C%E7%B1%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="油菜籽">油菜籽</a>、动物脂肪</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC" title="日本">日本</a>：動物脂肪</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E4%BE%86%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="馬來西亞">馬來西亞</a>：<a href="/wiki/%E6%A3%95%E6%AB%9A%E6%B2%B9" title="棕櫚油">棕榈油</a><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83946278">.mw-parser-output .template-facttext{background-color:var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0);color:inherit;margin:-.3em 0;padding:.3em 0}</style><sup class="noprint Template-Fact"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%88%97%E6%98%8E%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:列明来源"><span style="white-space: nowrap;" title="来源请求。">[來源請求]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A7%E9%99%86" title="中国大陆">中国大陆</a>：<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%B1%86" title="大豆">大豆</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E6%B2%9F%E6%B2%B9" title="地沟油">地沟油</a><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83946278"><sup class="noprint Template-Fact"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%88%97%E6%98%8E%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:列明来源"><span style="white-space: nowrap;" title="来源请求。">[來源請求]</span></a></sup>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%A3%89%E7%B1%BD%E6%B2%B9" title="棉籽油">棉籽油</a>、油菜籽（菜油）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6" title="印度">印度</a>：<a href="/wiki/%E6%A1%90%E6%B2%B9%E6%A0%91" title="桐油树">桐油树</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="台灣">台灣</a>：廢食用油、國外進口之植物油、高酸油等<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83946278"><sup class="noprint Template-Fact"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%88%97%E6%98%8E%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:列明来源"><span style="white-space: nowrap;" title="来源请求。">[來源請求]</span></a></sup>。</li></ul> <p>从原理上说，未经加工的植物油只能在<a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%B4%E6%B2%B9%E5%8F%91%E5%8A%A8%E6%9C%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="柴油发动机">柴油发动机</a>裡短期直接使用。这是由于植物油含有饱和度不同的物质而会使柴油发动机上的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B6%A6%E6%BB%91%E6%B2%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="润滑油">润滑油</a>发生<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%9A%E5%90%88" title="聚合">聚合</a>。而且植物油和柴油分子结构不同，这也可能造成雾化不良、燃烧不完全、<a href="/wiki/%E5%96%B7%E5%98%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="喷嘴">喷嘴</a>堵塞等问题。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="产油效率"><span id=".E4.BA.A7.E6.B2.B9.E6.95.88.E7.8E.87"></span>产油效率</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E6%9F%B4%E6%B2%B9&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：产油效率"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>原料每亩产油效率（收率）引向原料以后的工业化和市场化的可行性，因为产量必须能够供应给整个国家或全世界。以下是现有技术所能够出产的原料效率： </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%97%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="藻">藻</a><small>（<a href="/wiki/%E8%97%BB%E9%A1%9E%E7%94%9F%E8%B3%AA%E7%87%83%E6%96%99" title="藻類生質燃料">藻類生質燃料</a>）</small>：每公顷16837升（<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E5%8D%87" title="公升">公升</a>，下同）（每英亩1800加仑）（估计数据）<sup id="cite_ref-washingtonpost-algae_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-washingtonpost-algae-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-perma-activist_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-perma-activist-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BA%BB" class="mw-disambig" title="麻">麻</a>：每公顷9354升（每英亩1000加仑）<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%8C%E6%A1%95" class="mw-redirect" title="乌桕">乌桕</a>：每公顷4705-9073升（每英亩503-970加仑）<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A3%95%E6%AB%9A%E6%B2%B9" title="棕櫚油">棕榈油</a>：每公顷4752升（每英亩508加仑）<sup id="cite_ref-gristmill_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gristmill-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A4%B0%E5%AD%90" class="mw-redirect" title="椰子">椰子</a>：每公顷2151升（每英亩230加仑）<sup id="cite_ref-gristmill_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gristmill-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%B9%E8%8F%9C%E7%B1%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="油菜籽">油菜籽</a>：每公顷954升（每英亩102加仑）<sup id="cite_ref-gristmill_18-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gristmill-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%B1%86" title="大豆">大豆</a>：每公顷554-922升（每英亩59.2-98.6加仑）<sup id="cite_ref-perdue.edu_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-perdue.edu-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Soy-improving_yield_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Soy-improving_yield-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8A%B1%E7%94%9F" title="花生">花生</a>：每公顷842升（每英亩90加仑）<sup id="cite_ref-gristmill_18-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gristmill-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%91%E6%97%A5%E8%91%B5" title="向日葵">向日葵</a>：每公顷767升（每英亩82加仑）<sup id="cite_ref-gristmill_18-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gristmill-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="使用"><span id=".E4.BD.BF.E7.94.A8"></span>使用</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E6%9F%B4%E6%B2%B9&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：使用"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:BioDiesel_AD_on_KyotoCityBus.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="一張貼在京都市營巴士車窗上的佈告，說明此車使用生物柴油作為燃料，並鼓勵大家踴躍回收炸天婦羅廢油作為原料。"><img alt="一張貼在京都市營巴士車窗上的佈告，說明此車使用生物柴油作為燃料，並鼓勵大家踴躍回收炸天婦羅廢油作為原料。" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/BioDiesel_AD_on_KyotoCityBus.jpg/120px-BioDiesel_AD_on_KyotoCityBus.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/BioDiesel_AD_on_KyotoCityBus.jpg/180px-BioDiesel_AD_on_KyotoCityBus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/BioDiesel_AD_on_KyotoCityBus.jpg/240px-BioDiesel_AD_on_KyotoCityBus.jpg 2x" data-file-width="831" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">一張貼在<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%AC%E9%83%BD%E5%B8%82%E7%87%9F%E5%B7%B4%E5%A3%AB" title="京都市營巴士">京都市營巴士</a>車窗上的佈告，說明此車使用生物柴油作為燃料，並鼓勵大家踴躍回收<a href="/wiki/%E7%82%B8%E5%A4%A9%E5%A9%A6%E7%BE%85" class="mw-redirect" title="炸天婦羅">炸天婦羅</a>廢油作為原料。</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Monteal_biodisel_bus.PNG" class="mw-file-description" title="一辆位于蒙特利尔的生物柴油动力巴士"><img alt="一辆位于蒙特利尔的生物柴油动力巴士" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Monteal_biodisel_bus.PNG/120px-Monteal_biodisel_bus.PNG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Monteal_biodisel_bus.PNG/180px-Monteal_biodisel_bus.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Monteal_biodisel_bus.PNG/240px-Monteal_biodisel_bus.PNG 2x" data-file-width="509" data-file-height="381" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">一辆位于<a href="/wiki/%E8%92%99%E7%89%B9%E5%88%A9%E5%B0%94" title="蒙特利尔">蒙特利尔</a>的生物柴油动力<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%A3%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="巴士">巴士</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Soybeanbus.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="使用生物柴油运行的巴士"><img alt="使用生物柴油运行的巴士" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Soybeanbus.jpg/120px-Soybeanbus.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="77" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Soybeanbus.jpg/180px-Soybeanbus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Soybeanbus.jpg/240px-Soybeanbus.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="322" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">使用生物柴油运行的巴士</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Biodiesel_3.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="老式柴油梅赛德斯因使用生物柴油行驶而广受欢迎"><img alt="老式柴油梅赛德斯因使用生物柴油行驶而广受欢迎" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Biodiesel_3.jpg/120px-Biodiesel_3.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Biodiesel_3.jpg/180px-Biodiesel_3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Biodiesel_3.jpg/240px-Biodiesel_3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">老式柴油梅赛德斯因使用生物柴油行驶而广受欢迎</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Diesel_prices.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="在某些国家，生物柴油比常规柴油便宜"><img alt="在某些国家，生物柴油比常规柴油便宜" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Diesel_prices.jpg/76px-Diesel_prices.jpg" decoding="async" width="76" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Diesel_prices.jpg/114px-Diesel_prices.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Diesel_prices.jpg/153px-Diesel_prices.jpg 2x" data-file-width="925" data-file-height="1452" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">在某些国家，生物柴油比常规柴油便宜</div> </li> </ul> <p>生物柴油一般不是直接作为燃料使用；而是与普通<a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%B4%E6%B2%B9" title="柴油">柴油</a>混合使用。一个公认的经验值是调和20%生物柴油<small>（B20，參見<a href="/wiki/B100" title="B100">B100</a>）</small>。但是這個比例在使用有毒性成分的生質柴油時，可能會有爭議，例如非食品級的<a href="/wiki/%E8%93%96%E9%BA%BB%E6%B2%B9" title="蓖麻油">蓖麻油</a>可能含有<a href="/wiki/%E8%93%96%E9%BA%BB%E6%AF%92%E7%B4%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="蓖麻毒素">蓖麻毒素</a>，如果燃燒不完全，可能導致安全性隱憂。因此在台灣採用98:2的低混合比<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>生質柴油另一個環保優勢，是其可降低引擎廢氣排放。生物柴油幾乎「沒有含<a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%AB%E5%8C%96%E7%89%A9" title="硫化物">硫化物</a>」，排放的廢氣自然也沒有<a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%AB%E5%8C%96%E7%89%A9" title="硫化物">硫化物</a>。研究顯示如果用20%生質柴油的比例混合的話，柴油引擎<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AE%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E7%89%A9" title="氮氧化物">NOx</a>排放會增加2%，但<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BE%AE%E7%B2%92&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="微粒（页面不存在）">微粒</a>排放會降低15%，<a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%B3%E6%B0%AB%E5%8C%96%E5%90%88%E7%89%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="碳氫化合物">碳氫化合物</a>排放會降低30%，<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%80%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E7%A2%B3" title="一氧化碳">一氧化碳</a>的排放會降低20%，<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A1%AB%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E5%90%88%E7%89%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="硫氧化合物（页面不存在）">硫氧化合物</a>的排放量會降低20% </p><p>如果生質柴油的來源是「<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9E%E9%8D%8B%E6%B2%B9" title="回鍋油">回鍋油</a>」<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，可以減少餐廳換油成本，減少油炸用油的健康風險。以臺灣為例，大統長基公司2013年問題油品約140萬瓶油品，後續分別有2680公噸作為生質柴油<small>（B2<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%88%E6%88%90%E7%87%83%E6%96%99" title="合成燃料">合成燃料</a>）</small>、39公噸作為馬路標線用料及機械<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%88%E6%88%90%E6%B6%A6%E6%BB%91%E6%B2%B9" title="合成润滑油">潤滑油</a>。<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>一般认为，生物柴油的优点在于可以减少「<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%80%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E7%A2%B3" title="一氧化碳">一氧化碳</a>等废物」的排放量，而且运输也比普通柴油安全。此外，研究发现，生物柴油的润滑性能很高。有趣的是，调和5%以内可以提高润滑性能，但是如果高于5%，润滑性能却不再增强。 </p><p>生質柴油在製作時必須將<a href="/wiki/%E9%85%B8%E5%83%B9" title="酸價">酸價</a>給控制在0.50mgKOH/g以下，酸價過高會有腐蝕性。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="问题"><span id=".E9.97.AE.E9.A2.98"></span>问题</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E6%9F%B4%E6%B2%B9&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：问题"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="燃料、食物生產互斥"><span id=".E7.87.83.E6.96.99.E3.80.81.E9.A3.9F.E7.89.A9.E7.94.9F.E7.94.A2.E4.BA.92.E6.96.A5"></span>燃料、食物生產互斥</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E6%9F%B4%E6%B2%B9&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节：燃料、食物生產互斥"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>虽然生物柴油的开发作为一种<a href="/wiki/%E6%9B%BF%E4%BB%A3%E8%83%BD%E6%BA%90" title="替代能源">替代能源</a>被业界看好，但是却鲜有生产商业化的例子。这主要来自植物油的成本。植物油的采购、运输、储存以及提取佔了生物柴油生产的大部分成本。但是也有观点认为，由于生产生物柴油，需要大量的植物油原料，因此势必需要兴建种植园，因而可以带动相关的农业生产。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="黏滯係數"><span id=".E9.BB.8F.E6.BB.AF.E4.BF.82.E6.95.B8"></span>黏滯係數</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E6%9F%B4%E6%B2%B9&action=edit&section=8" title="编辑章节：黏滯係數"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>生物柴油也存在一些技术限制，不适应很多地区。由于它比普通柴油<a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%98%E5%BA%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="粘度">粘度</a>高，因此在低温下会降低可用性。如同雞湯、紅燒肉放到冰箱冷藏，油脂會凝結成白色黏稠狀，學術上的名詞就叫做「<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9B%B2%E5%8C%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="雲化（页面不存在）">雲化</a>」（cloud），凝結的溫度則叫做「<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%B2%E9%BB%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="雲點">雲點</a>」（cloud point）。石油基柴油的雲點大約在攝氏零下15度，而100%生質柴油<a href="/wiki/B100" title="B100">B100</a>在攝氏零度時便會開始<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9B%B2%E5%8C%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="雲化（页面不存在）">雲化</a>，低溫時很容易堵塞汽車<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B2%B9%E8%B7%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="油路（页面不存在）">油路</a>。在<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%AC%E5%A4%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="冬天">冬天</a>使用生物柴油必须加入<a href="/wiki/%E6%B7%BB%E5%8A%A0%E5%8A%91" class="mw-disambig" title="添加劑">添加剂</a>或者其他的保温措施。而在湿热环境下，长期储存生物柴油还需要考虑到抑制<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%AE%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9" title="微生物">微生物</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%86%E8%8F%8C" title="细菌">细菌</a>的滋生。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="能量值"><span id=".E8.83.BD.E9.87.8F.E5.80.BC"></span>能量值</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E6%9F%B4%E6%B2%B9&action=edit&section=9" title="编辑章节：能量值"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>生質柴油另一個劣勢，是B100的蘊含能量比石油基的柴油燃料低11%，最大馬力輸出大約會減少5－7%。但這個差距並不大，如果是使用5%生質柴油更幾乎沒有差別。反而是生質柴油的黏性大於石油基柴油，對燃噴射料系統和引擎元件能提供較好的潤滑性，延長引擎系統壽命。許多車主指定使用B2柴油（2%生質柴油，98%石油基柴油），目的就是在幫助潤滑引擎。而前面提到美國小學生乘坐的這些大豆動力車，則是使用B5到B30的柴油。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="開發成本"><span id=".E9.96.8B.E7.99.BC.E6.88.90.E6.9C.AC"></span>開發成本</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E6%9F%B4%E6%B2%B9&action=edit&section=10" title="编辑章节：開發成本"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>為協助<b>生物柴油</b>的開發，在不少國家（如<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E6%8B%BF%E5%A4%A7" title="加拿大">加拿大</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E9%9F%93%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="大韓民國">南韓</a>等）都會投入<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E7%A7%91%E6%8A%80%E5%B7%A5%E6%A5%AD%E5%9C%92" title="生物科技工業園">生物科技工業園</a>的發展，透過把相關物料的生產和開發的過程放在一起，以減低<b>生物柴油</b>的開發成本。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="低溫膠化"><span id=".E4.BD.8E.E6.BA.AB.E8.86.A0.E5.8C.96"></span>低溫膠化</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E6%9F%B4%E6%B2%B9&action=edit&section=11" title="编辑章节：低溫膠化"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>當生物柴油因環境溫度降低到某一程度以下時，油品中一些分子聚集並形成晶體。一旦晶體變得大於<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%AF%E8%A6%8B%E5%85%89" class="mw-redirect" title="可見光">可見光</a>波長的四分之一，油品出現混濁狀態的結晶溫度，通稱為「<a href="/wiki/%E6%BF%81%E9%BB%9E_(%E6%BA%AB%E5%BA%A6)" title="濁點 (溫度)">濁點</a>」（cloud point，或稱「雲點」）<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。例如，由<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%9B%E8%84%82" title="牛脂">牛油</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%A3%95%E6%AB%9A%E6%B2%B9" title="棕櫚油">棕櫚油</a>生產的生物柴油分別在16 °C（61 °F）和13 °C（55 °F）時凝結膠化<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="油路堵塞及沈積物增生"><span id=".E6.B2.B9.E8.B7.AF.E5.A0.B5.E5.A1.9E.E5.8F.8A.E6.B2.88.E7.A9.8D.E7.89.A9.E5.A2.9E.E7.94.9F"></span>油路堵塞及沈積物增生</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E6%9F%B4%E6%B2%B9&action=edit&section=12" title="编辑章节：油路堵塞及沈積物增生"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>在台灣推廣生質柴油後，由於有車主反應使用B2生質柴油常有油路堵塞及引擎容易熄火的問題，加油站業者亦有油槽沈積物增生、加油機濾器阻塞之案例。 </p><p>雖然還無法證實與生質柴油的製造或儲運過程還是與氣候或車主保養、加油站業者之管理有關，但2014年5月5日，<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F%E9%83%A8" title="中華民國經濟部">經濟部</a>仍決定公告修正「石油煉製業與輸入業銷售國內車用柴油摻配酯類之比率實施期程範圍及方式」，將強制添加生質柴油2%以上之命令，改為車用柴油得摻配酯類。從2014年5月起逐步停供B2生質柴油，以後待問題解決後再重新供應生質柴油。<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>2014年10月，零售加油站及遊覽車業同聲反對恢復銷售及使用生質柴油，遊覽車公會全聯會則強調，使用近一年時間已發生過500多件行駛中熄火的傷害事件。<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="道德及環保爭議性"><span id=".E9.81.93.E5.BE.B7.E5.8F.8A.E7.92.B0.E4.BF.9D.E7.88.AD.E8.AD.B0.E6.80.A7"></span>道德及環保爭議性</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E6%9F%B4%E6%B2%B9&action=edit&section=13" title="编辑章节：道德及環保爭議性"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r85088369">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-size:small}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:2em;margin-bottom:0.8em;margin-top:0.8em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img::after{content:"\202f \202f \202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small::after{content:"\202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small{display:none}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">参见：<a href="/wiki/%E9%A3%9F%E7%89%A9%E4%B8%8E%E7%87%83%E6%96%99%E4%B9%8B%E4%BA%89" title="食物与燃料之争">食物与燃料之争</a></div> <p>生物柴油的大量使用會讓許多原本生產食品的農地改種植經濟作物，很可能造成糧價上漲，威脅貧窮人口：而開墾新的農地則會破壞<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E6%80%81" class="mw-redirect" title="生态">生態</a>，而一些研究顯示，開墾新農地所製造的二氧化碳可以提供這塊農地上的作物吸收數十年，換句話說就是在環保上不值得。 </p><p>可能避免負面效應的方法是採用<a href="/wiki/%E7%97%B2%E7%98%8B%E6%A8%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="痲瘋樹">痲瘋樹</a>提供油脂（痲瘋樹生產的油脂有毒、不可食用），痲瘋樹不但產油效率佳，而且可以在貧瘠缺水的環境生存，換句話說就是可以利用無法種植作物的土地。但有些人認為就算是採用具有類似痲瘋樹特性的植物生產生質柴油，還是有降低糧食生產的可能性，因為有些第三世界國家的農民會在經濟利益的驅使下，將原本用來種植作物的土地給拿來改種痲瘋樹。另一種可行方案是種植<a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%A3%E6%9C%A8%E7%A7%91" class="mw-redirect" title="辣木科">辣木</a>。 </p><p>利用廢棄物（例如廢油）生產生物柴油幾乎無環保及道德上的缺點；還可以減少商人使用<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9E%E9%8D%8B%E6%B2%B9" title="回鍋油">回鍋油</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E6%BA%9D%E6%B2%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="地溝油">地溝油</a>的誘因。但是回收廢油及廢油內部不純物仍然是問題。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="未來發展"><span id=".E6.9C.AA.E4.BE.86.E7.99.BC.E5.B1.95"></span>未來發展</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E6%9F%B4%E6%B2%B9&action=edit&section=14" title="编辑章节：未來發展"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85088369"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">参见：<a href="/wiki/%E8%97%BB%E9%A1%9E%E7%94%9F%E8%B3%AA%E7%87%83%E6%96%99" title="藻類生質燃料">藻類生質燃料</a></div> <p>未來可能利用<a href="/wiki/%E8%97%BB%E9%A1%9E" title="藻類">藻類</a>（如<a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E8%97%BB" title="海藻">海藻</a>）生產生質柴油，以增加生質能源效率，和減輕生質能源可能對農產品價格的影響。但除了技術上還需突破外，由於生產的藻類很可能是<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E5%9B%A0%E6%94%B9%E9%80%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="基因改造">基因改造</a>品種，因此預防這些藻類混入生態系統也是個課題。<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参看"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E7.9C.8B"></span>参看</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E6%9F%B4%E6%B2%B9&action=edit&section=15" title="编辑章节：参看"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portal plainlist tright" style="margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em;border:solid #aaa 1px"> <ul style="display:table;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0.1em;max-width:175px;background:var(--background-color-base,#f9f9f9);font-size:85%;line-height:110%;font-weight:bold"> <li style="display:table-row"><span style="display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Crystal_energy.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Crystal_energy.svg/29px-Crystal_energy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="29" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Crystal_energy.svg/44px-Crystal_energy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Crystal_energy.svg/59px-Crystal_energy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="130" data-file-height="124" /></a></span></span><span style="display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle"><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E8%83%BD%E6%BA%90" title="Portal:能源">能源主题</a></span></li> <li style="display:table-row"><span style="display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wind-turbine-icon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Wind-turbine-icon.svg/28px-Wind-turbine-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Wind-turbine-icon.svg/42px-Wind-turbine-icon.svg.png 1.5x, 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//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Sustainable_development.svg/langzh-64px-Sustainable_development.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="326" /></a></span></span><span style="display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle"><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E5%8F%AF%E6%8C%81%E7%BB%AD%E5%8F%91%E5%B1%95" title="Portal:可持续发展">可持续发展主题</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%AF%E5%86%8D%E7%94%9F%E8%83%BD%E6%BA%90" title="可再生能源">可再生能源</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E7%87%83%E6%96%99" title="生物燃料">生物燃料</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E8%B3%AA%E8%83%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="生物質能">生物質能</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B2%E9%86%87" title="甲醇">甲醇</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%87%83%E6%96%99%E4%B9%99%E9%86%87" title="燃料乙醇">燃料乙醇</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%97%BB%E9%A1%9E%E7%94%9F%E8%B3%AA%E7%87%83%E6%96%99" title="藻類生質燃料">藻類生質燃料</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9E%E9%8D%8B%E6%B2%B9" title="回鍋油">回鍋油</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A3%9F%E7%89%A9%E4%B8%8E%E7%87%83%E6%96%99%E4%B9%8B%E4%BA%89" title="食物与燃料之争">食物与燃料之争</a> (Food vs. fuel)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F%E4%BD%9C%E7%89%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="經濟作物">經濟作物</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%AF%E5%86%8D%E7%94%9F%E8%83%BD%E6%BA%90%E5%95%86%E4%B8%9A%E5%8C%96" title="可再生能源商业化">可再生能源商业化</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E8%83%BD%E6%BA%90" title="中国生物能源">中國生物能源</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Second-generation biofuels" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Second-generation biofuels"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Second-generation_biofuels&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Second-generation biofuels（页面不存在）">Second-generation biofuels</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second-generation_biofuels" class="extiw" title="en:Second-generation biofuels"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Second-generation biofuels</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Lignocellulosic biomass" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Lignocellulosic biomass"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lignocellulosic_biomass&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lignocellulosic biomass（页面不存在）">Lignocellulosic biomass</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lignocellulosic_biomass" class="extiw" title="en:Lignocellulosic biomass"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Lignocellulosic biomass</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参考文献"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.80.83.E6.96.87.E7.8C.AE"></span>参考文献</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E6%9F%B4%E6%B2%B9&action=edit&section=16" title="编辑章节：参考文献"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist columns references-column-width" style="-moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hydrocarbon Processing, Feb., 2005</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">汽車購買指南雜誌，2005年七月號，史丹福專欄。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cna-201310310148-1-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-cna-201310310148-1_3-0"><sup><b>3.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cna-201310310148-1_3-1"><sup><b>3.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cna.com.tw/news/aedu/201310310148-1.aspx">廢油變生質柴油成大提新技術</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20141004053151/http://www.cna.com.tw/news/aedu/201310310148-1.aspx">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>），2013年10月31日，<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E9%80%9A%E8%A8%8A%E7%A4%BE" title="中央通訊社">中央通訊社</a>，記者楊思瑞，台南，<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://web.archive.org/web/*/http://www.cna.com.tw/news/aedu/201310310148-1.aspx">[1]</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-chinatimes-20140905-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-chinatimes-20140905_4-0"><sup><b>4.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-chinatimes-20140905_4-1"><sup><b>4.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chinatimes.com/realtimenews/20140905003359-260405">廢食用油轉化生質柴油技術成大團隊研發有成</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20140918005616/http://www.chinatimes.com/realtimenews/20140905003359-260405">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>），2014年09月05日，陳惠珍，<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://web.archive.org/web/*/http://www.chinatimes.com/realtimenews/20140905003359-260405">[2]</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-chinatimes-20140906-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-chinatimes-20140906_5-0"><sup><b>5.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-chinatimes-20140906_5-1"><sup><b>5.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chinatimes.com/newspapers/20140906000528-260107">廢食用油可轉化生質柴油</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20141006114510/http://www.chinatimes.com/newspapers/20140906000528-260107">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>），2014年09月06日，洪榮志╱台南，<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://web.archive.org/web/*/http://www.chinatimes.com/newspapers/20140906000528-260107">[3]</a>、<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tw.news.yahoo.com/%E5%BB%A2%E9%A3%9F%E7%94%A8%E6%B2%B9-%E5%8F%AF%E8%BD%89%E5%8C%96%E7%94%9F%E8%B3%AA%E6%9F%B4%E6%B2%B9-215106436.html">yahoo</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20141006104520/https://tw.news.yahoo.com/%E5%BB%A2%E9%A3%9F%E7%94%A8%E6%B2%B9-%E5%8F%AF%E8%BD%89%E5%8C%96%E7%94%9F%E8%B3%AA%E6%9F%B4%E6%B2%B9-215106436.html">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-udn-20140905-8917456-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-udn-20140905-8917456_6-0"><sup><b>6.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-udn-20140905-8917456_6-1"><sup><b>6.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://udn.com/NEWS/BREAKINGNEWS/BREAKINGNEWS3/8917456.shtml">成大研發廢食用油轉化生質柴油</a> <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayback Machine">互联网档案馆</a>的<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141004053153/http://udn.com/NEWS/BREAKINGNEWS/BREAKINGNEWS3/8917456.shtml">存檔</a>，存档日期2014-10-04.，2014年09月05日，<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%AF%E5%90%88%E5%A0%B1" title="聯合報">聯合報</a>，記者鄭維真，<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://web.archive.org/web/*/http://udn.com/NEWS/BREAKINGNEWS/BREAKINGNEWS3/8917456.shtml">[4]</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.odec.ca/projects/2007/ardi7m2/history_biodiesels.html">HISTORY OF BIODIESELS</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-10-28</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201012205450/http://www.odec.ca/projects/2007/ardi7m2/history_biodiesels.html">存档</a>于2020-10-12）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E6%9F%B4%E6%B2%B9&rft.btitle=HISTORY+OF+BIODIESELS&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.odec.ca%2Fprojects%2F2007%2Fardi7m2%2Fhistory_biodiesels.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Patrick Duffy: <i>XXV. On the constitution of stearine.</i> In: <i>Quarterly Journal of the Chemical Society of London.</i> 5, 1853, p. 303, <a href="/wiki/DOI" title="DOI">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1039%2FQJ8530500303">10.1039/QJ8530500303</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rob. Henriques: <i>Über partielle Verseifung von Ölen und Fetten II.</i> In: <i>Zeitschrift für Angewandte Chemie.</i> 11, 1898, p. 697–702, <a href="/wiki/DOI" title="DOI">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fange.18980113003">10.1002/ange.18980113003</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.thenewslens.com/post/84202/">[5]</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20160514023523/http://www.thenewslens.com/post/84202/">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>），2014-10-18</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.daysoftheyear.com/days/biodiesel-day/">存档副本</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-10-28</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210225214325/https://www.daysoftheyear.com/days/biodiesel-day/">存档</a>于2021-02-25）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E6%9F%B4%E6%B2%B9&rft.btitle=%E5%AD%98%E6%A1%A3%E5%89%AF%E6%9C%AC&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.daysoftheyear.com%2Fdays%2Fbiodiesel-day%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.biodieselcommunity.org/international-biodiesel-day/">International Biodiesel Day</a> <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayback Machine">互联网档案馆</a>的<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130310072028/http://www.biodieselcommunity.org/international-biodiesel-day/">存檔</a>，存档日期2013-03-10. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-washingtonpost-algae-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-washingtonpost-algae_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/01/03/AR2008010303907.html">DOE quoted by Washington Post in "A Promising Oil Alternative: Algae Energy<span style="padding-right:0.2em;">"</span></a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2008-08-07</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171216222800/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/01/03/AR2008010303907.html">存档</a>于2017-12-16）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E6%9F%B4%E6%B2%B9&rft.btitle=DOE+quoted+by+Washington+Post+in+%22A+Promising+Oil+Alternative%3A+Algae+Energy%22&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fwp-dyn%2Fcontent%2Farticle%2F2008%2F01%2F03%2FAR2008010303907.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-perma-activist-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-perma-activist_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Thomas F. Riesing, Ph.D. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201219061527/http://oakhavenpc.org/cultivating_algae.htm">Algae for Liquid Fuel Production</a>. Oakhaven Permaculture Center. Spring 2006 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2006-12-18</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://oakhavenpc.org/cultivating_algae.htm">原始内容</a>存档于2020-12-19）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E6%9F%B4%E6%B2%B9&rft.au=Thomas+F.+Riesing%2C+Ph.D.&rft.btitle=Algae+for+Liquid+Fuel+Production&rft.date=2006&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Oakhaven+Permaculture+Center&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Foakhavenpc.org%2Fcultivating_algae.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> Note: originally published in issue #59 of <i>Permaculture Activist</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Herer, Jack, "The Emperor Wears No Clothes", Ah Ha Publishing, 1985.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Klass, Donald, "Biomass for Renewable Energy, Fuels, and Chemicals",page 341. Academic Press, 1998.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kitani, Osamu, "Volume V: Energy and Biomass Engineering, CIGR Handbook of Agricultural Engineering", Amer Society of Agricultural, 1999.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gristmill-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-gristmill_18-0"><sup><b>18.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gristmill_18-1"><sup><b>18.1</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gristmill_18-2"><sup><b>18.2</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gristmill_18-3"><sup><b>18.3</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gristmill_18-4"><sup><b>18.4</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080829111133/http://gristmill.grist.org/story/2006/2/7/12145/81957">Biofuels: some numbers</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2008-08-07</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gristmill.grist.org/story/2006/2/7/12145/81957">原始内容</a>存档于2008-08-29）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E6%9F%B4%E6%B2%B9&rft.btitle=Biofuels%3A+some+numbers&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgristmill.grist.org%2Fstory%2F2006%2F2%2F7%2F12145%2F81957&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-perdue.edu-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-perdue.edu_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">[www.ces.purdue.edu/extmedia/ID/ID-337.pdf Purdue report ID-337]</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Soy-improving_yield-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Soy-improving_yield_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gazette.nat.gov.tw/EG_FileManager/eguploadpub/eg016112/ch04/type1/gov31/num5/Eg.htm">經濟部公告修正「石油煉製業與輸入業銷售國內車用柴油摻配酯類之比率實施期程範圍及方式」</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2012-04-09</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200601091253/https://gazette.nat.gov.tw/EG_FileManager/eguploadpub/eg016112/ch04/type1/gov31/num5/Eg.htm">存档</a>于2020-06-01）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E6%9F%B4%E6%B2%B9&rft.btitle=%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F%E9%83%A8%E5%85%AC%E5%91%8A%E4%BF%AE%E6%AD%A3%E3%80%8C%E7%9F%B3%E6%B2%B9%E7%85%89%E8%A3%BD%E6%A5%AD%E8%88%87%E8%BC%B8%E5%85%A5%E6%A5%AD%E9%8A%B7%E5%94%AE%E5%9C%8B%E5%85%A7%E8%BB%8A%E7%94%A8%E6%9F%B4%E6%B2%B9%E6%91%BB%E9%85%8D%E9%85%AF%E9%A1%9E%E4%B9%8B%E6%AF%94%E7%8E%87%E5%AF%A6%E6%96%BD%E6%9C%9F%E7%A8%8B%E7%AF%84%E5%9C%8D%E5%8F%8A%E6%96%B9%E5%BC%8F%E3%80%8D&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgazette.nat.gov.tw%2FEG_FileManager%2Feguploadpub%2Feg016112%2Fch04%2Ftype1%2Fgov31%2Fnum5%2FEg.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://agbio.coa.gov.tw/image_doc/06-我國生質能源作物展望.pdf">發展生質能源作物之展望</a> （<a 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class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210322122136/https://scitechvista.nat.gov.tw/c/hCy1.htm">存档</a>于2021-03-22）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E6%9F%B4%E6%B2%B9&rft.atitle=%E7%94%9F%E8%B3%AA%E6%9F%B4%E6%B2%B9%E7%9A%84%E5%86%B0%E8%88%87%E7%81%AB%E4%B9%8B%E6%AD%8C&rft.au=%E8%A2%81%E6%98%8E%E8%B1%AA&rft.au=%E9%99%B3%E5%A5%95%E5%AE%8F&rft.date=2017-01-12&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%E7%A7%91%E6%8A%80%E5%A4%A7%E8%A7%80%E5%9C%92&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fscitechvista.nat.gov.tw%2Fc%2FhCy1.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sanford, S.D., et al., "Feedstock and Biodiesel Characteristics Report," Renewable Energy Group, Inc., www.regfuel.com (2009).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span 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href="http://money.udn.com/storypage.php?sub_id=5648&art_id=414420">原始内容</a>存档于2014-10-29）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E6%9F%B4%E6%B2%B9&rft.btitle=%E5%AD%98%E6%A1%A3%E5%89%AF%E6%9C%AC&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmoney.udn.com%2Fstorypage.php%3Fsub_id%3D5648%26art_id%3D414420&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span>，2014-10-12</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web3.moeaboe.gov.tw/ECW/populace/Law/Content.aspx?menu_id=1078">存档副本</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2015-03-18</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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class="external text" href="http://money.udn.com/storypage.php?sub_id=5641&art_id=432136">原始内容</a>存档于2014-10-29）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E6%9F%B4%E6%B2%B9&rft.btitle=%E5%AD%98%E6%A1%A3%E5%89%AF%E6%9C%AC&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmoney.udn.com%2Fstorypage.php%3Fsub_id%3D5641%26art_id%3D432136&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span>，2014-10-22</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.appledaily.com.tw/realtimenews/article/new/20141022/492537/">[10]</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20150924150726/http://www.appledaily.com.tw/realtimenews/article/new/20141022/492537/">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>），2014-10-22</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.atchinese.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=67498:2010-07-07-11-40-48&catid=24:2009-01-12-16-15-56&Itemid=173">豐田研發海藻作優質生物燃料</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20201129183247/http://www.atchinese.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=67498:2010-07-07-11-40-48&catid=24:2009-01-12-16-15-56&Itemid=173">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）, 亞洲時報</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ce.cn/cysc/sp/info/201006/29/t20100629_20423049.shtml">復旦大學:海藻滸苔可望提煉出生物油</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20201129124321/http://www.ce.cn/cysc/sp/info/201006/29/t20100629_20423049.shtml">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）,中國經濟網</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://new.takungpao.com/tech/kjyw/76365.html">首架純生物燃料飛機歐洲試飛完全采用海藻生物燃料</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%A4%B1%E6%95%88%E9%93%BE%E6%8E%A5" title="Wikipedia:失效链接"><span title="自2018年1月失效">永久失效連結</span></a>]</span></sup>, 大公報</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://udn.com/NEWS/DOMESTIC/DOM4/9012340.shtml">[11]</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20141029185029/http://udn.com/NEWS/DOMESTIC/DOM4/9012340.shtml">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>），2014-10-12，<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://web.archive.org/web/*/http://udn.com/NEWS/DOMESTIC/DOM4/9012340.shtml">[12]</a>，<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://archive.today/http://udn.com/NEWS/DOMESTIC/DOM4/9012340.shtml">[13]</a></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="外部链接"><span id=".E5.A4.96.E9.83.A8.E9.93.BE.E6.8E.A5"></span>外部链接</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E6%9F%B4%E6%B2%B9&action=edit&section=17" title="编辑章节：外部链接"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100305140144/http://sustainablebiodieselalliance.com/dev/">可持续性生物柴油联盟</a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">（英文）</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.biodieseleducation.org">国家生物柴油教育计划，爱达荷大学</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20210415180751/http://www.biodieseleducation.org/">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）<span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">（英文）</span>-公正的以科学为基础的关于生物柴油的信息，提供给生物柴油生产商和分销商，车队经营者，农民和原料生产商，政策制定者和消费者。</li></ul> <div style="clear: both; height: 1em"></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84261037">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{text-align:center;padding-left:1em;padding-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf;position:relative}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em;width:auto;padding-left:0.2em;position:absolute;left:1em}.mw-parser-output .navbox .mw-collapsible-toggle{margin-left:0.5em;position:absolute;right:1em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="生物能源" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E8%83%BD%E6%BA%90" title="Template:生物能源"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E8%83%BD%E6%BA%90" title="Template talk:生物能源"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E8%83%BD%E6%BA%90" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:生物能源"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="生物能源" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E8%83%BD%E6%BA%90" title="生物能源">生物能源</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E7%87%83%E6%96%99" title="Category:生物燃料">生物燃料</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%86%87" title="醇">醇</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%97%BB%E9%A1%9E%E7%94%9F%E8%B3%AA%E7%87%83%E6%96%99" title="藻類生質燃料">藻類生質燃料</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="甘蔗渣" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Bagasse"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%98%E8%94%97%E6%B8%A3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="甘蔗渣（页面不存在）">甘蔗渣</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagasse" class="extiw" title="en:Bagasse"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Bagasse</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="巴巴苏棕榈油" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Babassu oil"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B7%B4%E5%B7%B4%E8%8B%8F%E6%A3%95%E6%A6%88%E6%B2%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="巴巴苏棕榈油（页面不存在）">巴巴苏棕榈油</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Babassu_oil" class="extiw" title="en:Babassu oil"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Babassu oil</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%81%E9%86%87%E7%87%83%E6%96%99" title="丁醇燃料">丁醇燃料</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">生物柴油</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E7%87%83%E6%B0%A3" title="生物燃氣">生物氣體</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="生物汽油" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Biogasoline"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E6%B1%BD%E6%B2%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="生物汽油（页面不存在）">生物汽油</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biogasoline" class="extiw" title="en:Biogasoline"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Biogasoline</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%87%83%E6%96%99%E4%B9%99%E9%86%87" title="燃料乙醇">乙醇燃料</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%96%E7%B6%AD%E7%B4%A0%E4%B9%99%E9%86%87" title="纖維素乙醇">纤维素</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="普通汽油乙醇混合" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Common ethanol fuel mixtures"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%99%AE%E9%80%9A%E6%B1%BD%E6%B2%B9%E4%B9%99%E9%86%87%E6%B7%B7%E5%90%88&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="普通汽油乙醇混合（页面不存在）">混合</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_ethanol_fuel_mixtures" class="extiw" title="en:Common ethanol fuel mixtures"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Common ethanol fuel mixtures</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="玉米芯" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Stover"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8E%89%E7%B1%B3%E8%8A%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="玉米芯（页面不存在）">玉米芯</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stover" class="extiw" title="en:Stover"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Stover</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="甲醇燃料" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Methanol fuel"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%B2%E9%86%87%E7%87%83%E6%96%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="甲醇燃料（页面不存在）">甲醇燃料</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methanol_fuel" class="extiw" title="en:Methanol fuel"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Methanol fuel</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%B8%E7%A7%86" title="秸秆">秸秆</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E7%85%A4%E6%B0%94" title="木煤气">木煤气</a></li> <li>已烹煮<a href="/wiki/%E9%A3%9F%E7%94%A8%E6%B2%B9" title="食用油">食用油</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="食用植物油燃料" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Vegetable oil fuel"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A3%9F%E7%94%A8%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9%E6%B2%B9%E7%87%83%E6%96%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="食用植物油燃料（页面不存在）">食用植物油燃料</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vegetable_oil_fuel" class="extiw" title="en:Vegetable oil fuel"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Vegetable oil fuel</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%83%E6%B2%B9%E8%84%82%E8%86%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="黃油脂膏">黃油脂膏</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9E%E9%8D%8B%E6%B2%B9" title="回鍋油">回鍋油</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E6%B2%9F%E6%B2%B9" title="地沟油">地沟油</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%87%A4%E7%9C%BC%E8%93%9D#生产沼气" title="凤眼蓝">凤眼蓝</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sugarcane_field.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Sugarcane_field.jpg/120px-Sugarcane_field.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="181" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Sugarcane_field.jpg/180px-Sugarcane_field.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Sugarcane_field.jpg/240px-Sugarcane_field.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1848" data-file-height="2790" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:%E8%83%BD%E6%BA%90%E4%BD%9C%E7%89%A9" title="Category:能源作物">食物能源作物</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E9%BA%A6" title="大麦">大麦</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E8%96%AF" title="木薯">木薯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%91%A1%E8%90%84" title="葡萄">葡萄</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8A%9D%E9%BA%BB" title="芝麻">芝麻</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%89%E7%B1%B3" title="玉米">玉米</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%87%95%E9%BA%A6" title="燕麦">燕麦</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8A%B1%E7%94%9F" title="花生">花生</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%B9%E8%8F%9C%E7%B1%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="油菜籽">油菜籽</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E7%B1%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="大米">大米</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E7%B2%B1" title="高粱">高粱</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%B1%86" title="大豆">大豆</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%98%E8%94%97" title="甘蔗">甘蔗</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B3%96%E7%94%A8%E7%94%9C%E8%8F%9C" title="糖用甜菜">糖用甜菜</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%91%E6%97%A5%E8%91%B5" title="向日葵">向日葵</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E9%BA%A6" title="小麦">小麦</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%95%AA%E8%96%AF" title="番薯">番薯</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:%E9%9D%9E%E9%A3%9F%E7%94%A8%E8%BE%B2%E4%BD%9C%E7%89%A9" title="Category:非食用農作物">非食物能源作物</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8A%A6%E7%AB%B9%E5%B1%9E" title="芦竹属">芦竹</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A1%BB%E8%8A%92%E8%8D%89" title="须芒草">须芒草</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E9%BA%BB%E8%8D%A0%E5%B1%9E" title="亚麻荠属">亚麻荠</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%83%8F%E6%A1%95" title="烏桕">烏桕</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%AE%E8%90%8D" title="浮萍">浮萍</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A1%90%E6%B2%B9%E6%A0%91" title="桐油树">桐油树</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E9%BB%84%E7%9A%AE" title="水黄皮">水黄皮</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="巨芒" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Miscanthus giganteus"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B7%A8%E8%8A%92&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="巨芒（页面不存在）">巨芒</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miscanthus_giganteus" class="extiw" title="en:Miscanthus giganteus"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Miscanthus giganteus</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E8%8A%92" title="中國芒">中國芒</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%B3%E6%9E%9D%E7%A8%B7" title="柳枝稷">柳枝稷</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E6%9F%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="木柴">木柴</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">技术</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="生物转换" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Bioconversion of biomass to mixed alcohol fuels"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E8%BD%AC%E6%8D%A2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="生物转换（页面不存在）">生物转换</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bioconversion_of_biomass_to_mixed_alcohol_fuels" class="extiw" title="en:Bioconversion of biomass to mixed alcohol fuels"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Bioconversion of biomass to mixed alcohol fuels</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E8%B4%A8%E4%BE%9B%E7%83%AD%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="生物质供热系统（页面不存在）">生物质供热系统</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="生物炼制" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Biorefinery"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E7%82%BC%E5%88%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="生物炼制（页面不存在）">生物炼制</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biorefinery" class="extiw" title="en:Biorefinery"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Biorefinery</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%B9%E6%89%98%E5%90%88%E6%88%90" title="费托合成">费托合成（F-T合成）</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF#工業應用" title="生物技术">工业生物技术</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A2%97%E7%B2%92%E7%87%83%E6%96%99" title="颗粒燃料">颗粒燃料</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A2%97%E7%B2%92%E6%9C%BA" title="颗粒机">颗粒机</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="颗粒炉" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Pellet stove"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A2%97%E7%B2%92%E7%82%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="颗粒炉（页面不存在）">颗粒炉</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pellet_stove" class="extiw" title="en:Pellet stove"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Pellet stove</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="热解聚" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Thermal depolymerization"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%83%AD%E8%A7%A3%E8%81%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="热解聚（页面不存在）">热解聚</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermal_depolymerization" class="extiw" title="en:Thermal depolymerization"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Thermal depolymerization</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">概念</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="纤维素乙醇商业化" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Cellulosic ethanol commercialization"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BA%A4%E7%BB%B4%E7%B4%A0%E4%B9%99%E9%86%87%E5%95%86%E4%B8%9A%E5%8C%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="纤维素乙醇商业化（页面不存在）">纤维素乙醇商业化</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellulosic_ethanol_commercialization" class="extiw" title="en:Cellulosic ethanol commercialization"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Cellulosic ethanol commercialization</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="生物燃料的能源含量" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Energy content of biofuel"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E7%87%83%E6%96%99%E7%9A%84%E8%83%BD%E6%BA%90%E5%90%AB%E9%87%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="生物燃料的能源含量（页面不存在）">生物燃料的能源含量</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_content_of_biofuel" class="extiw" title="en:Energy content of biofuel"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Energy content of biofuel</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%83%BD%E6%BA%90%E4%BD%9C%E7%89%A9" title="能源作物">能源作物</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="能源森林业" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Energy forestry"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%83%BD%E6%BA%90%E6%A3%AE%E6%9E%97%E4%B8%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="能源森林业（页面不存在）">能源森林业</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_forestry" class="extiw" title="en:Energy forestry"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Energy forestry</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="能源投资收益（EROEI）" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Energy returned on energy invested"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%83%BD%E6%BA%90%E6%8A%95%E8%B5%84%E6%94%B6%E7%9B%8A%EF%BC%88EROEI%EF%BC%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="能源投资收益（EROEI）（页面不存在）">能源投资收益（EROEI）</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_returned_on_energy_invested" class="extiw" title="en:Energy returned on energy invested"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Energy returned on energy invested</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A3%9F%E7%89%A9%E4%B8%8E%E7%87%83%E6%96%99%E4%B9%8B%E4%BA%89" title="食物与燃料之争">食物与燃料之争</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="可持续生物燃料" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Sustainable biofuel"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%AF%E6%8C%81%E7%BB%AD%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E7%87%83%E6%96%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="可持续生物燃料（页面不存在）">可持续生物燃料</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_biofuel" class="extiw" title="en:Sustainable biofuel"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Sustainable biofuel</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="class:hlist"><div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="分类"><img alt="分类" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span><b><a href="/wiki/Category:%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E8%83%BD" title="Category:生物能">生物能分类</a></b></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="主题"><img alt="主题" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span><b><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E8%83%BD%E6%BA%90" title="Portal:能源">能源主題</a></b></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="主题"><img alt="主题" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span><b><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E5%8F%AF%E5%86%8D%E7%94%9F%E8%83%BD%E6%BA%90" title="Portal:可再生能源">可再生能源主題</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="汽油" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E6%B1%BD%E6%B2%B9" title="Template:汽油"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E6%B1%BD%E6%B2%B9" title="Template talk:汽油"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E6%B1%BD%E6%B2%B9" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:汽油"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="汽油" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em">汽油</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">燃油類型</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%BD%E6%B2%B9" title="汽油">汽油</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%B4%E6%B2%B9" title="柴油">柴油</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">生物柴油</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%85%A4%E6%B2%B9" title="煤油">煤油</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A3%93%E7%B8%AE%E5%A4%A9%E7%84%B6%E6%B0%A3" title="壓縮天然氣">壓縮天然氣</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="氫">氫</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%99%E9%86%87" title="乙醇">乙醇</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%81%E9%86%87%E7%87%83%E6%96%99" title="丁醇燃料">丁醇燃料</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E4%B9%99%E5%9F%BA%E9%89%9B" title="四乙基鉛">四乙基鉛</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">燃料添加劑</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%81%E5%9F%BA%E6%A9%A1%E8%83%B6" title="丁基橡胶">丁基橡膠</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2,6-%E4%BA%8C%E5%8F%94%E4%B8%81%E5%9F%BA%E5%B0%8D%E7%94%B2%E9%85%9A" title="2,6-二叔丁基對甲酚">2,6-二叔丁基對甲酚</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1,2-%E4%BA%8C%E6%BA%B4%E4%B9%99%E7%83%B7" title="1,2-二溴乙烷">1,2-二溴乙烷</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1,2-%E4%BA%8C%E6%B0%AF%E4%B9%99%E7%83%B7" title="1,2-二氯乙烷">1,2-二氯乙烷</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B2%E5%9F%BA%E8%86%A6%E9%85%B8%E4%BA%8C%E7%94%B2%E9%85%AF" title="甲基膦酸二甲酯">甲基膦酸二甲酯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2,4-%E4%BA%8C%E7%94%B2%E5%9F%BA-6-%E5%8F%94%E4%B8%81%E5%9F%BA%E8%8B%AF%E9%85%9A" title="2,4-二甲基-6-叔丁基苯酚">2,4-二甲基-6-叔丁基苯酚</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%8C%E5%A3%AC%E5%9F%BA%E8%90%98%E5%9F%BA%E7%A3%BA%E9%85%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="二壬基萘基磺酸（页面不存在）">二壬基萘基磺酸</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2,6-%E4%BA%8C_-_%E5%8F%94%E4%B8%81%E5%9F%BA%E8%8B%AF%E9%85%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2,6-二 - 叔丁基苯酚（页面不存在）">2,6-二 - 叔丁基苯酚</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%99%E4%BA%8C%E8%83%BA" title="乙二胺">乙二胺</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%87%91%E5%B1%AC%E9%88%8D%E5%8C%96%E5%8A%91&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="金屬鈍化劑（页面不存在）">金屬鈍化劑</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B2%E5%9F%BA%E5%8F%94%E4%B8%81%E5%9F%BA%E9%86%9A" title="甲基叔丁基醚">甲基叔丁基醚</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%9D%E5%9F%BA%E7%94%B2%E7%83%B7" title="硝基甲烷">硝基甲烷</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E4%B9%99%E5%9F%BA%E9%89%9B" title="四乙基鉛">四乙基鉛</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E7%A1%9D%E5%9F%BA%E7%94%B2%E7%83%B7" title="四硝基甲烷">四硝基甲烷</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="垃圾及廢棄物管理" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Waste" title="Template:Waste"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Waste" title="Template talk:Waste"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:Waste" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:Waste"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="垃圾及廢棄物管理" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9E%83%E5%9C%BE" title="垃圾">垃圾</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%A1%E6%9F%93%E7%89%A9%E6%8E%92%E6%94%BE%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6" title="污染物排放控制">廢棄物管理</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%A2%E7%89%A9%E7%A8%AE%E9%A1%9E%E8%A1%A8" title="廢物種類表">主要分類</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="農業廢水處理" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Agricultural wastewater treatment"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BE%B2%E6%A5%AD%E5%BB%A2%E6%B0%B4%E8%99%95%E7%90%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="農業廢水處理（页面不存在）">農業廢水</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agricultural_wastewater_treatment" class="extiw" title="en:Agricultural wastewater treatment"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Agricultural wastewater treatment</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8%E5%BB%A2%E6%96%99" title="化學廢料">化學廢料</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="建築廢料" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Construction waste"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BB%BA%E7%AF%89%E5%BB%A2%E6%96%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="建築廢料（页面不存在）">建築廢料</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Construction_waste" class="extiw" title="en:Construction waste"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Construction waste</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="建築拆卸廢棄物" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Demolition waste"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BB%BA%E7%AF%89%E6%8B%86%E5%8D%B8%E5%BB%A2%E6%A3%84%E7%89%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="建築拆卸廢棄物（页面不存在）">建築拆卸廢棄物</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demolition_waste" class="extiw" title="en:Demolition waste"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Demolition waste</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E5%AD%90%E5%9E%83%E5%9C%BE" title="电子垃圾">电子垃圾</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="世界各國的電子垃圾" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Electronic waste by country"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%90%84%E5%9C%8B%E7%9A%84%E9%9B%BB%E5%AD%90%E5%9E%83%E5%9C%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="世界各國的電子垃圾（页面不存在）">以國家分類</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_waste_by_country" class="extiw" title="en:Electronic waste by country"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Electronic waste by country</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A3%9F%E7%89%A9%E6%B5%AA%E8%B2%BB" title="食物浪費">食物廢棄物</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%A0%E8%89%B2%E5%9E%83%E5%9C%BE" title="綠色垃圾">綠色垃圾</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%89%E5%AE%B3%E5%9E%83%E5%9C%BE" title="有害垃圾">有害廢棄物</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%A2%E7%86%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="廢熱">廢熱</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A5%E6%A5%AD%E5%BB%A2%E6%96%99" title="工業廢料">工業廢料</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8B%E6%A5%AD%E5%BB%A2%E6%A3%84%E7%89%A9" title="事業廢棄物">事業廢棄物</a>）</li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="隨處抛棄的垃圾" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Litter"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9A%A8%E8%99%95%E6%8A%9B%E6%A3%84%E7%9A%84%E5%9E%83%E5%9C%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="隨處抛棄的垃圾（页面不存在）">隨處抛棄垃圾</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litter" class="extiw" title="en:Litter"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Litter</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E6%B4%8B%E5%BB%A2%E6%A3%84%E7%89%A9" title="海洋廢棄物">海洋廢棄物</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%86%AB%E7%99%82%E5%BB%A2%E7%89%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="醫療廢物">醫療廢物</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="採礦廢棄物" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Tailings"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8E%A1%E7%A4%A6%E5%BB%A2%E6%A3%84%E7%89%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="採礦廢棄物（页面不存在）">採礦廢棄物</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tailings" class="extiw" title="en:Tailings"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Tailings</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%83%BD%E5%B8%82%E5%9B%BA%E9%AB%94%E5%BB%A2%E7%89%A9" title="都市固體廢物">都市固體廢物</a></li> <li>「<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="用後廢料" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Post-consumer waste"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%A8%E5%BE%8C%E5%BB%A2%E6%96%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="用後廢料（页面不存在）">用後廢料</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Post-consumer_waste" class="extiw" title="en:Post-consumer waste"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Post-consumer waste</span></a></span>）</span></span>」</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BE%E5%B0%84%E6%80%A7%E5%BA%9F%E6%96%99" title="放射性废料">放射性废料</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E5%B7%A5%E6%B1%A1%E6%B0%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="人工污水">人工污水</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="有毒廢料" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Toxic waste"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%89%E6%AF%92%E5%BB%A2%E6%96%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="有毒廢料（页面不存在）">有毒廢料</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toxic_waste" class="extiw" title="en:Toxic waste"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Toxic waste</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="液體廢棄物" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Liquid waste"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B6%B2%E9%AB%94%E5%BB%A2%E6%A3%84%E7%89%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="液體廢棄物（页面不存在）">液體廢棄物</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liquid_waste" class="extiw" title="en:Liquid waste"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Liquid waste</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A5%E6%A5%AD%E5%BB%A2%E6%B0%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="工業廢水">工業廢水</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bedrijfsafval.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Bedrijfsafval.jpg/120px-Bedrijfsafval.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Bedrijfsafval.jpg/180px-Bedrijfsafval.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Bedrijfsafval.jpg/240px-Bedrijfsafval.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2304" data-file-height="1728" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">處理方式</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%AD%E6%B0%A7%E6%B6%88%E5%8C%96" title="厭氧消化">厭氧消化</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E9%99%8D%E8%A7%A3" title="生物降解">生物降解</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%9A%AF%E8%9A%93%E7%B3%9E" title="蚯蚓糞">蚯蚓糞</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="非法傾倒廢棄物" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Fly-tipping"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9D%9E%E6%B3%95%E5%82%BE%E5%80%92%E5%BB%A2%E6%A3%84%E7%89%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="非法傾倒廢棄物（页面不存在）">非法處置</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fly-tipping" class="extiw" title="en:Fly-tipping"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Fly-tipping</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9E%83%E5%9C%BE%E7%84%9A%E5%8C%96" class="mw-redirect" title="垃圾焚化">垃圾焚化</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A0%86%E5%A1%AB" title="堆填">堆填</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="重新開發堆填區" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Landfill mining"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%87%8D%E6%96%B0%E9%96%8B%E7%99%BC%E5%A0%86%E5%A1%AB%E5%8D%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="重新開發堆填區（页面不存在）">重新開發堆填區</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landfill_mining" class="extiw" title="en:Landfill mining"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Landfill mining</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="機械生物處理" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Mechanical biological treatment"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A9%9F%E6%A2%B0%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E8%99%95%E7%90%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="機械生物處理（页面不存在）">機械生物處理</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mechanical_biological_treatment" class="extiw" title="en:Mechanical biological treatment"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Mechanical biological treatment</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="資源回收設施" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Materials recovery facility"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B3%87%E6%BA%90%E5%9B%9E%E6%94%B6%E8%A8%AD%E6%96%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="資源回收設施（页面不存在）">機器分類</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Materials_recovery_facility" class="extiw" title="en:Materials recovery facility"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Materials recovery facility</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B3%87%E6%BA%90%E5%9B%9E%E6%94%B6" title="資源回收">資源回收</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="資源復收" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Resource recovery"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B3%87%E6%BA%90%E5%BE%A9%E6%94%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="資源復收（页面不存在）">資源復收</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resource_recovery" class="extiw" title="en:Resource recovery"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Resource recovery</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%A1%E6%B0%B4%E8%99%95%E7%90%86" title="污水處理">污水處理</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9E%83%E5%9C%BE%E6%94%B6%E9%9B%86" title="垃圾收集">垃圾收集</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%BE%E8%8D%92" title="拾荒">拾荒</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9E%83%E5%9C%BE%E5%88%86%E9%A1%9E" title="垃圾分類">垃圾分類</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9E%E9%8D%8B%E6%B2%B9" title="回鍋油">回鍋油</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%9A%E9%A4%98" title="廚餘">廚餘</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E6%B2%9F%E6%B2%B9" title="地沟油">餿水油</a>）</li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="垃圾處理" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Waste treatment"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9E%83%E5%9C%BE%E5%A4%84%E7%90%86" class="mw-redirect" title="垃圾处理">垃圾處理</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waste_treatment" class="extiw" title="en:Waste treatment"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Waste treatment</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%A2%E6%A3%84%E7%89%A9%E8%BD%89%E8%A3%BD%E8%83%BD%E6%BA%90" title="廢棄物轉製能源">廢棄物轉製能源 </a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="世界各國的廢棄物處理" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Waste by country"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%90%84%E5%9C%8B%E7%9A%84%E5%BB%A2%E6%A3%84%E7%89%A9%E8%99%95%E7%90%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="世界各國的廢棄物處理（页面不存在）">國家</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waste_by_country" class="extiw" title="en:Waste by country"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Waste by country</span></a></span>）</span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="亞美尼亞的廢棄物處理" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Waste management in Armenia"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%9E%E7%BE%8E%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E%E7%9A%84%E5%BB%A2%E6%A3%84%E7%89%A9%E8%99%95%E7%90%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="亞美尼亞的廢棄物處理（页面不存在）">亞美尼亞</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waste_management_in_Armenia" class="extiw" title="en:Waste management in Armenia"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Waste management in Armenia</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="孟加拉的廢棄物處理" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Waste management in Bangladesh"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AD%9F%E5%8A%A0%E6%8B%89%E7%9A%84%E5%BB%A2%E6%A3%84%E7%89%A9%E8%99%95%E7%90%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="孟加拉的廢棄物處理（页面不存在）">孟加拉</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waste_management_in_Bangladesh" class="extiw" title="en:Waste management in Bangladesh"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Waste management in Bangladesh</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="巴西的環境問題" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Environmental issues in Brazil#Waste"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF%E7%9A%84%E7%92%B0%E5%A2%83%E5%95%8F%E9%A1%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="巴西的環境問題（页面不存在）">巴西</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_Brazil#Waste" class="extiw" title="en:Environmental issues in Brazil"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Environmental issues in Brazil#Waste</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="香港的廢棄物處理" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Waste management in Hong Kong"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E7%9A%84%E5%BB%A2%E6%A3%84%E7%89%A9%E8%99%95%E7%90%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="香港的廢棄物處理（页面不存在）">香港</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waste_management_in_Hong_Kong" class="extiw" title="en:Waste management in Hong Kong"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Waste management in Hong Kong</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="印度的固體廢棄物政策" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Solid waste policy in India"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E7%9A%84%E5%9B%BA%E9%AB%94%E5%BB%A2%E6%A3%84%E7%89%A9%E6%94%BF%E7%AD%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="印度的固體廢棄物政策（页面不存在）">印度</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solid_waste_policy_in_India" class="extiw" title="en:Solid waste policy in India"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Solid waste policy in India</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="紐西蘭的廢棄物處理" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Waste in New Zealand"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B4%90%E8%A5%BF%E8%98%AD%E7%9A%84%E5%BB%A2%E6%A3%84%E7%89%A9%E8%99%95%E7%90%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="紐西蘭的廢棄物處理（页面不存在）">紐西蘭</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waste_in_New_Zealand" class="extiw" title="en:Waste in New Zealand"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Waste in New Zealand</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="俄羅斯的廢棄物處理" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Waste management in Russia"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E7%9A%84%E5%BB%A2%E6%A3%84%E7%89%A9%E8%99%95%E7%90%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="俄羅斯的廢棄物處理（页面不存在）">俄羅斯</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waste_management_in_Russia" class="extiw" title="en:Waste management in Russia"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Waste management in Russia</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="瑞士的廢棄物處理" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Waste management in Switzerland"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%91%9E%E5%A3%AB%E7%9A%84%E5%BB%A2%E6%A3%84%E7%89%A9%E8%99%95%E7%90%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="瑞士的廢棄物處理（页面不存在）">瑞士</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waste_management_in_Switzerland" class="extiw" title="en:Waste management in Switzerland"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Waste management in Switzerland</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="英國的廢棄物處理" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Waste in the United Kingdom"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8B%B1%E5%9C%8B%E7%9A%84%E5%BB%A2%E6%A3%84%E7%89%A9%E8%99%95%E7%90%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="英國的廢棄物處理（页面不存在）">英國</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waste_in_the_United_Kingdom" class="extiw" title="en:Waste in the United Kingdom"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Waste in the United Kingdom</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="美國的廢棄物處理" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Waste in the United States"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E7%9A%84%E5%BB%A2%E6%A3%84%E7%89%A9%E8%99%95%E7%90%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="美國的廢棄物處理（页面不存在）">美國</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waste_in_the_United_States" class="extiw" title="en:Waste in the United States"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Waste in the United States</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">協議</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="巴馬科公約" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Bamako Convention"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B7%B4%E9%A6%AC%E7%A7%91%E5%85%AC%E7%B4%84&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="巴馬科公約（页面不存在）">巴馬科公約</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bamako_Convention" class="extiw" title="en:Bamako Convention"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Bamako Convention</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%A1%9E%E7%88%BE%E5%85%AC%E7%B4%84" title="巴塞爾公約">巴塞爾公約</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E8%81%AF%E7%9B%9F%E6%8C%87%E4%BB%A4" title="歐洲聯盟指令">歐聯指令</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="電池限制令" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Battery Directive"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9B%BB%E6%B1%A0%E9%99%90%E5%88%B6%E4%BB%A4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="電池限制令（页面不存在）">電池</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_Directive" class="extiw" title="en:Battery Directive"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Battery Directive</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="堆填區限制令" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Landfill Directive"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A0%86%E5%A1%AB%E5%8D%80%E9%99%90%E5%88%B6%E4%BB%A4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="堆填區限制令（页面不存在）">堆填區</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landfill_Directive" class="extiw" title="en:Landfill Directive"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Landfill Directive</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B1%E5%AE%B3%E6%80%A7%E7%89%A9%E8%B3%AA%E9%99%90%E5%88%B6%E6%8C%87%E4%BB%A4" title="危害性物質限制指令">危害性物質</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="廢棄物框架限制令" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Waste Framework Directive"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BB%A2%E6%A3%84%E7%89%A9%E6%A1%86%E6%9E%B6%E9%99%90%E5%88%B6%E4%BB%A4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="廢棄物框架限制令（页面不存在）">框架</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waste_Framework_Directive" class="extiw" title="en:Waste Framework Directive"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Waste Framework Directive</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="垃圾焚化限制令" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Waste Incineration Directive"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9E%83%E5%9C%BE%E7%84%9A%E5%8C%96%E9%99%90%E5%88%B6%E4%BB%A4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="垃圾焚化限制令（页面不存在）">焚化</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waste_Incineration_Directive" class="extiw" title="en:Waste Incineration Directive"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Waste Incineration Directive</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="都市污水處理指令" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Urban Waste Water Directive"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%83%BD%E5%B8%82%E6%B1%A1%E6%B0%B4%E8%99%95%E7%90%86%E6%8C%87%E4%BB%A4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="都市污水處理指令（页面不存在）">污水</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urban_Waste_Water_Directive" class="extiw" title="en:Urban Waste Water Directive"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Urban Waste Water Directive</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%A2%E9%9B%BB%E5%AD%90%E9%9B%BB%E6%A9%9F%E8%A8%AD%E5%82%99%E6%8C%87%E4%BB%A4" title="廢電子電機設備指令">廢棄電子設備</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%B2%E6%AD%A2%E8%88%B9%E8%88%B6%E6%B1%99%E6%9F%93%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E5%85%AC%E7%B4%84" title="防止船舶汙染國際公約">倫敦公約</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="奧斯陸廢棄物公約" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Oslo Dumping Convention"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A5%A7%E6%96%AF%E9%99%B8%E5%BB%A2%E6%A3%84%E7%89%A9%E5%85%AC%E7%B4%84&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="奧斯陸廢棄物公約（页面不存在）">奧斯陸公約</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo_Dumping_Convention" class="extiw" title="en:Oslo Dumping Convention"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Oslo Dumping Convention</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="OSPAR公約" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="OSPAR Convention"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=OSPAR%E5%85%AC%E7%B4%84&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OSPAR公約（页面不存在）">OSPAR公約</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OSPAR_Convention" class="extiw" title="en:OSPAR Convention"><span lang="en" dir="auto">OSPAR Convention</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">其他主題</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%87%E7%B4%9A%E5%86%8D%E9%80%A0" title="升級再造">升級再造</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="降级回收" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Downcycling"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%99%8D%E7%BA%A7%E5%9B%9E%E6%94%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="降级回收（页面不存在）">降级回收</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Downcycling" class="extiw" title="en:Downcycling"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Downcycling</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E6%80%81%E5%B7%A5%E4%B8%9A%E5%9B%AD" title="生态工业园">生态工业园</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="擴大生産者責任制" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Extended producer responsibility"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%93%B4%E5%A4%A7%E7%94%9F%E7%94%A3%E8%80%85%E8%B2%AC%E4%BB%BB%E5%88%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="擴大生産者責任制（页面不存在）">擴大生産者責任制</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extended_producer_responsibility" class="extiw" title="en:Extended producer responsibility"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Extended producer responsibility</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="高水平放射性廢棄物管理" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="High-level radioactive waste management"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%AB%98%E6%B0%B4%E5%B9%B3%E6%94%BE%E5%B0%84%E6%80%A7%E5%BB%A2%E6%A3%84%E7%89%A9%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="高水平放射性廢棄物管理（页面不存在）">高水平放射性廢棄物管理</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-level_radioactive_waste_management" class="extiw" title="en:High-level radioactive waste management"><span lang="en" dir="auto">High-level radioactive waste management</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="廢棄物管理史" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="History of waste management"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BB%A2%E6%A3%84%E7%89%A9%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="廢棄物管理史（页面不存在）">廢棄物管理史</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_waste_management" class="extiw" title="en:History of waste management"><span lang="en" dir="auto">History of waste management</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="污水控制和管理" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Sewage regulation and administration"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B1%A1%E6%B0%B4%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6%E5%92%8C%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="污水控制和管理（页面不存在）">污水控制和管理</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sewage_regulation_and_administration" class="extiw" title="en:Sewage regulation and administration"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Sewage regulation and administration</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%92%B0%E4%BF%9D3R" title="環保3R">環保3R</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="廢棄物的行政立法" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Waste legislation"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BB%A2%E6%A3%84%E7%89%A9%E7%9A%84%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E7%AB%8B%E6%B3%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="廢棄物的行政立法（页面不存在）">廢棄物的行政立法</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waste_legislation" class="extiw" title="en:Waste legislation"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Waste legislation</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="廢棄物縮減" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Waste minimisation"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BB%A2%E6%A3%84%E7%89%A9%E7%B8%AE%E6%B8%9B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="廢棄物縮減（页面不存在）">廢棄物縮減</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waste_minimisation" class="extiw" title="en:Waste minimisation"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Waste minimisation</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%B6%E5%BB%A2%E6%A3%84" title="零廢棄">零廢棄</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="主题"><img alt="主题" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:%E7%92%B0%E5%A2%83" title="Portal:環境">環境主題</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="分类"><img alt="分类" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Category:%E5%BB%A2%E6%A3%84%E7%89%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Category:廢棄物（页面不存在）">分類</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="共享资源页面"><img alt="共享资源页面" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Waste" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Waste">共享資源</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="垃圾管理概念列表" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="List of waste management concepts"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9E%83%E5%9C%BE%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86%E6%A6%82%E5%BF%B5%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="垃圾管理概念列表（页面不存在）">概念</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_waste_management_concepts" class="extiw" title="en:List of waste management concepts"><span lang="en" dir="auto">List of waste management concepts</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="廢棄物處理條目目錄" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Index of waste management articles"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BB%A2%E6%A3%84%E7%89%A9%E8%99%95%E7%90%86%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE%E7%9B%AE%E9%8C%84&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="廢棄物處理條目目錄（页面不存在）">廢棄物處理條目目錄</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_of_waste_management_articles" class="extiw" title="en:Index of waste management articles"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Index of waste management articles</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="廢棄物管理期刊" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title=":Category:Waste management journals"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BB%A2%E6%A3%84%E7%89%A9%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86%E6%9C%9F%E5%88%8A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="廢棄物管理期刊（页面不存在）">廢棄物管理期刊</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Waste_management_journals" class="extiw" title="en:Category:Waste management journals"><span lang="en" dir="auto">:Category:Waste management journals</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="廢棄物相關列表" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title=":Category:Waste-related lists"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BB%A2%E6%A3%84%E7%89%A9%E7%9B%B8%E9%97%9C%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="廢棄物相關列表（页面不存在）">廢棄物相關列表</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Waste-related_lists" class="extiw" title="en:Category:Waste-related lists"><span lang="en" dir="auto">:Category:Waste-related lists</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="廢棄物關注組織" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title=":Category:Waste rganisations"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BB%A2%E6%A3%84%E7%89%A9%E9%97%9C%E6%B3%A8%E7%B5%84%E7%B9%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="廢棄物關注組織（页面不存在）">廢棄物關注組織</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Waste_rganisations" class="extiw" title="en:Category:Waste rganisations"><span lang="en" dir="auto">:Category:Waste rganisations</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r79005747">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks 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