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<li id="toc-Sub-ordinaries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sub-ordinaries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Sub-ordinaries</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sub-ordinaries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mobile_charges" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mobile_charges"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Mobile charges</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Mobile_charges-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Mobile charges subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Mobile_charges-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Geometric_charges" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geometric_charges"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Geometric charges</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geometric_charges-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Human_or_humanlike_figures" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Human_or_humanlike_figures"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Human or humanlike figures</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Human_or_humanlike_figures-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Human_parts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Human_parts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.1</span> <span>Human parts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Human_parts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Animals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Animals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Animals</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Animals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Animal_parts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Animal_parts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.1</span> <span>Animal parts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Animal_parts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Attitude_of_animals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Attitude_of_animals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.2</span> <span>Attitude of animals</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Attitude_of_animals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Plants" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Plants"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Plants</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Plants-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Inanimate_objects" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Inanimate_objects"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Inanimate objects</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Inanimate_objects-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input 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<input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 19 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-19" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">19 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D9%85%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A9_(%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA)" title="حمولة (درعيات) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="حمولة (درعيات)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D1%84%D1%96%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Гербавыя фігуры – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Гербавыя фігуры" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A0rrega_(her%C3%A0ldica)" title="Càrrega (heràldica) – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Càrrega (heràldica)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wappenfigur" title="Wappenfigur – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Wappenfigur" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Figura_(her%C3%A1ldica)" title="Figura (heráldica) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Figura (heráldica)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Figuroj" title="Figuroj – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Figuroj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charge_(h%C3%A9raldique)" title="Charge (héraldique) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Charge (héraldique)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carga_her%C3%A1ldica" title="Carga heráldica – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Carga heráldica" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carico_araldico" title="Carico araldico – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Carico araldico" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%98%D7%A2%D7%9F_(%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%9C%D7%93%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%94)" title="מטען (הרלדיקה) – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מטען (הרלדיקה)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%ADmer%C3%A1bra" title="Címerábra – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Címerábra" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%81%E3%83%A3%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B8_(%E7%B4%8B%E7%AB%A0%E5%AD%A6)" title="チャージ (紋章学) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="チャージ (紋章学)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Figur" title="Figur – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Figur" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Figuras_(her%C3%A1ldica)" title="Figuras (heráldica) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Figuras (heráldica)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Гербовые фигуры – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Гербовые фигуры" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heroldsk%C3%A1_fig%C3%BAra" title="Heroldská figúra – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Heroldská figúra" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sk%C3%B6ldem%C3%A4rke" title="Sköldemärke – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Sköldemärke" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B7%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2_(%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C)" title="เครื่องหมาย (มุทราศาสตร์) – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เครื่องหมาย (มุทราศาสตร์)" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%96_%D1%84%D1%96%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Гербові фігури – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Гербові фігури" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1424805#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> 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.sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of a <a href="/wiki/Category:Heraldry" title="Category:Heraldry">series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/Heraldry" title="Heraldry">Heraldic</a> <a href="/wiki/Achievement_(heraldry)" title="Achievement (heraldry)">achievement</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-above"> External devices in addition to the central <a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms" title="Coat of arms">coat of arms</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="background-color:white; padding:0 0.5em;"> <div style="position: relative; width:250px; float:right; margin-left:12px; border:none;"> <div style="position: relative;"> <div style="position: absolute; font-size:normal; left: 84px; top: 195px; padding: 0;"><b><a href="/wiki/Escutcheon_(heraldry)" title="Escutcheon (heraldry)">Escutcheon </a></b></div> <div style="position: absolute; font-size:smaller; left: 79px; top: 160px; padding: 0;"><b><a href="/wiki/Field_(heraldry)" title="Field (heraldry)">Field</a></b></div> <div style="position: absolute; font-size:smaller; left: 5px; top: 140px; padding: 0;"><b><a href="/wiki/Supporter" title="Supporter">Supporter</a></b></div> <div style="position: absolute; font-size:normal; left: 108px; top: 25px; padding: 0;"><b><a href="/wiki/Crest_(heraldry)" title="Crest (heraldry)">Crest</a></b></div> <div style="position: absolute; font-size:smaller; left: 112px; top: 48px; padding: 0;"><b><a href="/wiki/Torse" title="Torse">Torse</a></b></div> <div style="position: absolute; font-size:smaller; left: 160px; top: 75px; padding: 0;"><b><a href="/wiki/Mantling" title="Mantling">Mantling</a></b></div> <div style="position: absolute; font-size:normal; left: 100px; top: 78px; padding: 0;"><b><a href="/wiki/Helmet_(heraldry)" title="Helmet (heraldry)">Helmet</a></b></div> <div style="position: absolute; font-size:normal; left: 100px; top: 95px; padding: 0;"><b><a href="/wiki/Crown_(heraldry)" title="Crown (heraldry)">Crown</a></b></div> <div style="position: absolute; font-size:normal; left: 78px; top: 238px; padding: 0;"><b><a href="/wiki/Compartment_(heraldry)" title="Compartment (heraldry)">Compartment</a></b></div> <div style="position: absolute; font-size:smaller; left: 125px; top: 168px; padding: 0;"><b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Charge</a></b></div> <div style="position: absolute; font-size:smaller; left: 75px; top: 260px; padding: 0;"><b><a href="/wiki/Motto#Mottos_in_heraldry" title="Motto">Motto</a></b> (or <b><a href="/wiki/Slogan_(heraldry)" title="Slogan (heraldry)">slogan</a></b>)</div> <div style="position: absolute; font-size:larger; left: 73px; top: 115px; padding: 0;"><b><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms" title="Coat of arms">Coat of arms</a></b></div> <span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat-elements.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Outline of a coat of arms" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Coat-elements.png/250px-Coat-elements.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="300" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Coat-elements.png/375px-Coat-elements.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Coat-elements.png/500px-Coat-elements.png 2x" data-file-width="609" data-file-height="731" /></a></span></div> </div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Azure%2C_a_bend_Or.svg/14px-Azure%2C_a_bend_Or.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Azure%2C_a_bend_Or.svg/22px-Azure%2C_a_bend_Or.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Azure%2C_a_bend_Or.svg/29px-Azure%2C_a_bend_Or.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Heraldry" title="Portal:Heraldry">Heraldry portal</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Heraldic_achievement" title="Template:Heraldic achievement"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Heraldic_achievement" class="mw-redirect" title="Template talk:Heraldic achievement"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Heraldic_achievement" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Heraldic achievement"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Heraldry" title="Heraldry">heraldry</a>, a <b>charge</b> is any emblem or device occupying the <a href="/wiki/Field_(heraldry)" title="Field (heraldry)">field</a> of an <i><a href="/wiki/Escutcheon_(heraldry)" title="Escutcheon (heraldry)">escutcheon</a></i> (shield). That may be a geometric design (sometimes called an <i><a href="/wiki/Ordinary_(heraldry)" title="Ordinary (heraldry)">ordinary</a></i>) or a symbolic representation of a person, animal, plant, object, building, or other device. In French <a href="/wiki/Blazon" title="Blazon">blazon</a>, the ordinaries are called <i>pièces</i>, and other charges are called <i>meubles</i> ("[the] mobile [ones]"). </p><p>The term <i>charge</i> can also be used as a verb; for example, if an escutcheon depicts three <a href="/wiki/Lion_(heraldry)" title="Lion (heraldry)">lions</a>, it is said to be <i>charged with three lions</i>; similarly, a crest or even a charge itself may be "charged", such as a pair of eagle wings <i>charged with trefoils</i> (as on the <a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Brandenburg" title="Coat of arms of Brandenburg">coat of arms of Brandenburg</a>). It is important to distinguish between the ordinaries and <a href="/wiki/Divisions_of_the_field" class="mw-redirect" title="Divisions of the field">divisions of the field</a>, as they typically follow similar patterns, such as a shield <i>divided</i> "per chevron", as distinct from being <i>charged with</i> a <a href="/wiki/Chevron_(insignia)" title="Chevron (insignia)">chevron</a>. </p><p>While thousands of objects found in religion, nature, mythology, or technology have appeared in armory, there are several charges (such as the cross, the eagle, and the lion) which have contributed to the distinctive flavour of heraldic design. Only these and a few other notable charges (crowns, stars, keys, etc.) are discussed in this article. </p><p>In addition to being shown in the regular way, charges may be blazoned as <i>umbrated</i> (shadowed), <i>detailed</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (rather incorrectly) <i>outlined</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMaurer1983393_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMaurer1983393-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> highly unusually <i>shaded</i><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMaurer198321_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMaurer198321-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and rather irregularly <i>in silhouette</i> or, more ambiguously, confusingly, and unhelpfully, <i>futuristic</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMaurer1983261_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMaurer1983261-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>stylized</i> or <i>simplified</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are also several units in the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force" title="United States Air Force">United States Air Force</a> with charges blazoned as "mythical",<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMaurer1983339_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMaurer1983339-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or beasts as "chimerical",<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMaurer1983163_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMaurer1983163-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but those conceptions are meaningless and irrelevant to the conception of heraldry, and it does not affect the appearance of those charges. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ordinary_charges_–_Ordinaries_and_sub-ordinaries"><span id="Ordinary_charges_.E2.80.93_Ordinaries_and_sub-ordinaries"></span>Ordinary charges – Ordinaries and sub-ordinaries<span class="anchor" id="Ordinaries_and_sub-ordinaries"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charge_(heraldry)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Ordinary charges – Ordinaries and sub-ordinaries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Ordinary_(heraldry)" title="Ordinary (heraldry)">Ordinary (heraldry)</a></div> <p>Unlike <i>mobile charges</i>, the <i><b>ordinary charges</b></i><sup id="cite_ref-uklo_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-uklo-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> reach to the edge of the field. Some heraldic writers<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> distinguish, albeit arbitrarily, between <i><b>(honourable) ordinaries</b></i> and <i><b>sub-ordinaries</b></i>. While some authors hold that only nine charges are "honourable" ordinaries, exactly which ones fit into this category is a subject of constant disagreement. The remainder are often termed <i>sub-ordinaries</i>, and narrower or smaller versions of the ordinaries are called <i>diminutives</i>. While the term <i>ordinaries</i> is generally recognised, so much dispute may be found among sources regarding which are "honourable" and which are relegated to the category of "sub-ordinaries" that indeed one of the leading authors in the field, <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Charles_Fox-Davies" title="Arthur Charles Fox-Davies">Arthur Charles Fox-Davies</a> (1871–1928), wrote at length on what he calls the "utter absurdity of the necessity for any [such] classification at all", stating that the ordinaries and sub-ordinaries are, in his mind, "no more than first charges".<sup id="cite_ref-Fox-Davies107_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fox-Davies107-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Apparently ceding the point for the moment, Fox-Davies lists the generally agreed-upon "honourable ordinaries" as the bend, fess, pale, pile, chevron, cross, saltire, and chief.<sup id="cite_ref-Fox-Davies107_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fox-Davies107-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Woodcock sheds some light on the matter, stating that earlier writers such as Leigh, Holme and Guillim proposed that "honourable ordinaries" should occupy one-third of the field, while later writers such as Edmondson favoured one-fifth, "on the grounds that a bend, pale, or chevron occupying one-third of the field makes the coat look clumsy and disagreeable".<sup id="cite_ref-Woodcock58_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Woodcock58-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Woodcock goes so far as to enumerate the ordinaries thus: "The first Honourable Ordinary is the cross", the second is the chief, the third is the pale, the fourth is the bend, the fifth is the fess, the sixth is the inescutcheon, the seventh is the chevron, the eighth is the saltire, and the ninth is the bar, while stating that "some writers" prefer the bordure as the ninth ordinary.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Volborth, having decidedly less to say on the matter, agrees that the classifications are arbitrary and the subject of disagreement, and lists the "definite" ordinaries as the chief, pale, bend, fess, chevron, cross and saltire.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Boutell lists the chief, pale, bend, bend sinister, fess, bar, cross, saltire and chevron as the "honourable ordinaries".<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Thus, the chief, bend, pale, fess, chevron, cross and saltire appear to be the undisputed ordinaries, while authors disagree over the status of the pile, bar, inescutcheon, bordure and others. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Honourable_ordinaries">Honourable ordinaries</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charge_(heraldry)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Honourable ordinaries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Several different figures are recognised as <i>honourable ordinaries</i>, each normally occupying about one-fifth to one-third of the field.<sup id="cite_ref-Woodcock58_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Woodcock58-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As discussed above, much disagreement exists among authors regarding which ordinary charges are "honourable", so only those generally agreed to be "honourable ordinaries" will be discussed here, while the remainder of ordinary charges will be discussed in the following section. </p> <ul><li>The <i><a href="/wiki/Chief_(heraldry)" title="Chief (heraldry)">chief</a></i> is the upper portion of the field.</li> <li>The <i><a href="/wiki/Bend_(heraldry)" title="Bend (heraldry)">bend</a></i> is a stripe running from the upper left to the lower right, as <b>\</b>, as seen by the viewer. The <i>bend sinister</i> runs from the upper right to the lower left, as <b>/</b>. (In heraldry <i>sinister</i> (Latin: left) refers to the left side of the shield from the perspective of the one wearing it, hence the right side from the viewer's perspective.)</li> <li>The <i><a href="/wiki/Pale_(heraldry)" title="Pale (heraldry)">pale</a></i> is a vertical stripe in the centre of the field.</li> <li>The <i><a href="/wiki/Fess" title="Fess">fess</a></i> is a broad horizontal stripe across the centre of the field.</li> <li>The <i><a href="/wiki/Chevron_(insignia)" title="Chevron (insignia)">chevron</a></i> is a construction shaped like an inverted letter <b>V</b>.</li> <li>The <i><a href="/wiki/Cross" title="Cross">cross</a></i> is a geometric construction of two perpendicular lines or bands, vertical and horizontal. It has hundreds of variants, most of which are mobile charges rather than ordinaries; some of these will be discussed below.</li> <li>The <i><a href="/wiki/Saltire" title="Saltire">saltire</a></i> is a diagonal cross, often called <i>Saint Andrew's cross</i>.</li></ul> <p>Most of the ordinaries have corresponding <i>diminutives</i>, narrower versions, most often mentioned when two or more appear in parallel: <i>bendlets, pallets, bars</i> (multiples of the <i>fess</i>), and <i>chevronels</i>. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional center"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 135px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 130px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Argent_a_chief_azur.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Chief"><img alt="Chief" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Argent_a_chief_azur.svg/100px-Argent_a_chief_azur.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Argent_a_chief_azur.svg/150px-Argent_a_chief_azur.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Argent_a_chief_azur.svg/200px-Argent_a_chief_azur.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Chief</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 135px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 130px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bend_demo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bend"><img alt="Bend" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Bend_demo.svg/100px-Bend_demo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Bend_demo.svg/150px-Bend_demo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Bend_demo.svg/200px-Bend_demo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Bend</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 135px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 130px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ecu_d%27argent_au_pal_de_sable.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pale"><img alt="Pale" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Ecu_d%27argent_au_pal_de_sable.svg/100px-Ecu_d%27argent_au_pal_de_sable.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Ecu_d%27argent_au_pal_de_sable.svg/150px-Ecu_d%27argent_au_pal_de_sable.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Ecu_d%27argent_au_pal_de_sable.svg/200px-Ecu_d%27argent_au_pal_de_sable.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Pale</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 135px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 130px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Fess_demo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Fess"><img alt="Fess" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Fess_demo.svg/100px-Fess_demo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Fess_demo.svg/150px-Fess_demo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Fess_demo.svg/200px-Fess_demo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="659" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Fess</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 135px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 130px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Chevron_demo_2.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Chevron"><img alt="Chevron" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Chevron_demo_2.svg/100px-Chevron_demo_2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Chevron_demo_2.svg/150px-Chevron_demo_2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Chevron_demo_2.svg/200px-Chevron_demo_2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="563" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Chevron</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 135px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 130px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blason-argent-croix-gueules.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Cross"><img alt="Cross" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Blason-argent-croix-gueules.svg/100px-Blason-argent-croix-gueules.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Blason-argent-croix-gueules.svg/150px-Blason-argent-croix-gueules.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Blason-argent-croix-gueules.svg/200px-Blason-argent-croix-gueules.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Cross</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 135px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 130px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blason_d%27or_au_sautoir_de_gueules.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Saltire"><img alt="Saltire" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Blason_d%27or_au_sautoir_de_gueules.svg/100px-Blason_d%27or_au_sautoir_de_gueules.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Blason_d%27or_au_sautoir_de_gueules.svg/150px-Blason_d%27or_au_sautoir_de_gueules.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Blason_d%27or_au_sautoir_de_gueules.svg/200px-Blason_d%27or_au_sautoir_de_gueules.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Saltire</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Honourable_ordinaries_or_sub-ordinaries">Honourable ordinaries or sub-ordinaries</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charge_(heraldry)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Honourable ordinaries or sub-ordinaries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In addition to those mentioned in the above section, the following are variously called "honourable ordinaries" by different authors, while others of these are often called <i>sub-ordinaries</i>. </p> <ul><li>The <i><a href="/wiki/Bordure" title="Bordure">bordure</a></i> is a border touching the edge of the field.</li> <li>The <i><a href="/wiki/Pile_(heraldry)" title="Pile (heraldry)">pile</a></i> is a wedge issuing from the top of the field and tapering to a point near the bottom. Its length and width vary widely. Piles may occur in any orientation, e.g. <i>pile reversed</i>, <i>pile bendwise</i> and so on.</li> <li>The <i><a href="/wiki/Pall_(heraldry)" title="Pall (heraldry)">pall</a></i> or <i>pairle</i> is shaped like the letter <b>Y</b>.</li></ul> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional center"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 135px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 130px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blason_ville_fr_Le_Born_(Haute-Garonne).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bordure"><img alt="Bordure" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Blason_ville_fr_Le_Born_%28Haute-Garonne%29.svg/100px-Blason_ville_fr_Le_Born_%28Haute-Garonne%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Blason_ville_fr_Le_Born_%28Haute-Garonne%29.svg/150px-Blason_ville_fr_Le_Born_%28Haute-Garonne%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Blason_ville_fr_Le_Born_%28Haute-Garonne%29.svg/200px-Blason_ville_fr_Le_Born_%28Haute-Garonne%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Bordure</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 135px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 130px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pile_demo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pile"><img alt="Pile" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Pile_demo.svg/100px-Pile_demo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Pile_demo.svg/150px-Pile_demo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Pile_demo.svg/200px-Pile_demo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Pile</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 135px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 130px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pile_reversed_demo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pile reversed"><img alt="Pile reversed" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Pile_reversed_demo.svg/100px-Pile_reversed_demo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Pile_reversed_demo.svg/150px-Pile_reversed_demo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Pile_reversed_demo.svg/200px-Pile_reversed_demo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Pile reversed</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 135px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 130px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blason_Marsal.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pall"><img alt="Pall" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Blason_Marsal.svg/100px-Blason_Marsal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Blason_Marsal.svg/150px-Blason_Marsal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Blason_Marsal.svg/200px-Blason_Marsal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Pall</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sub-ordinaries">Sub-ordinaries</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charge_(heraldry)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Sub-ordinaries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>The <i><a href="/wiki/Quarter_(heraldry)" class="mw-redirect" title="Quarter (heraldry)">quarter</a></i> is a rectangle occupying the top left quarter of the field, as seen by the viewer.</li> <li>The <i><a href="/wiki/Canton_(heraldry)" title="Canton (heraldry)">canton</a></i> is a square occupying the left third of the chief (sometimes reckoned to be a diminutive of the quarter).</li> <li>The <i><a href="/wiki/Orle_(heraldry)" title="Orle (heraldry)">orle</a></i> may be considered an inner bordure: a reasonably wide band away from the edge of the shield, it is always shown following the shape of the shield, without touching the edges. <ul><li>The <i><a href="/wiki/Orle_(heraldry)#Tressure" title="Orle (heraldry)">tressure</a></i> is a narrower version of the orle, rarely seen except in the <i>double tressure flory and counter-flory</i>, an element of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_coat_of_arms_of_Scotland" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal coat of arms of Scotland">royal coat of arms of Scotland</a> and of many other Scots coats.</li></ul></li> <li>The <i>base</i> or <i>terrace in base</i> is the lower portion of the field.</li> <li>The <i>fret</i> originally consisted of three bendlets interlaced with three bendlets sinister; other depictions form the outer bendlets into a mascle through which the two remaining bendlets are woven. This has also been called a Harington knot, as in the arms of Harington.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Flaunch" title="Flaunch">Flaunches</a></i>, <i>flanches</i> or <i>flasks</i> are regions on the sides of the field, bounded by a pair of circular arcs whose centers are beyond the sides of the shield.</li> <li>A <i><a href="/wiki/Label_(heraldry)" title="Label (heraldry)">label</a></i> is a horizontal strap, with a number of pendants (usually called <i>points</i>) suspended from it; the default is three, but any number may be specified. The label is nearly always a mark of <a href="/wiki/Cadency" title="Cadency">cadency</a> in British and French heraldry,<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but is occasionally found as a regular charge in early armory and even in the 20th century. It is sometimes called a <i>file</i>, as in the canting arms of Belfile, a label with a bell hanging from each point. There are some examples in which the strap is omitted, the points issuing from the top of the shield.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The <i>gyron</i> is a <a href="/wiki/Right_triangle" title="Right triangle">right triangle</a> occupying the lower half of the first quarter: its edges follow per bend and per fess from the dexter side to the centre of the field. A <i>gyron sinister</i>, much rarer, is a similar figure in the sinister chief. Gyrons are sometimes blazoned to be shown in other positions – as in 'the sun in his splendour .. along with in dexter base a sixth gyron voided'</li></ul> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional center"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 135px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 130px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Quarter_demo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Quarter"><img alt="Quarter" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Quarter_demo.svg/100px-Quarter_demo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Quarter_demo.svg/150px-Quarter_demo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Quarter_demo.svg/200px-Quarter_demo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Quarter</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 135px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 130px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Canton_demo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Canton"><img alt="Canton" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Canton_demo.svg/100px-Canton_demo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Canton_demo.svg/150px-Canton_demo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Canton_demo.svg/200px-Canton_demo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Canton</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 135px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 130px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Orle_demo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Orle"><img alt="Orle" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Orle_demo.svg/100px-Orle_demo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Orle_demo.svg/150px-Orle_demo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Orle_demo.svg/200px-Orle_demo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Orle</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 135px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 130px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Champagne_demo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Base"><img alt="Base" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Champagne_demo.svg/100px-Champagne_demo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Champagne_demo.svg/150px-Champagne_demo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Champagne_demo.svg/200px-Champagne_demo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Base</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 135px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 130px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Earl_of_Dysart_COA.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Fret"><img alt="Fret" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Earl_of_Dysart_COA.svg/100px-Earl_of_Dysart_COA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Earl_of_Dysart_COA.svg/150px-Earl_of_Dysart_COA.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Earl_of_Dysart_COA.svg/200px-Earl_of_Dysart_COA.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="563" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Fret</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 135px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 130px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flaunches_demo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flaunches"><img alt="Flaunches" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Flaunches_demo.svg/100px-Flaunches_demo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Flaunches_demo.svg/150px-Flaunches_demo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Flaunches_demo.svg/200px-Flaunches_demo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="563" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Flaunches</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 135px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 130px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ecu_d%27argent_%C3%A0_un_lambel_%C3%A0_cinq_pendants_de_gueules.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Label"><img alt="Label" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Ecu_d%27argent_%C3%A0_un_lambel_%C3%A0_cinq_pendants_de_gueules.svg/100px-Ecu_d%27argent_%C3%A0_un_lambel_%C3%A0_cinq_pendants_de_gueules.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Ecu_d%27argent_%C3%A0_un_lambel_%C3%A0_cinq_pendants_de_gueules.svg/150px-Ecu_d%27argent_%C3%A0_un_lambel_%C3%A0_cinq_pendants_de_gueules.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Ecu_d%27argent_%C3%A0_un_lambel_%C3%A0_cinq_pendants_de_gueules.svg/200px-Ecu_d%27argent_%C3%A0_un_lambel_%C3%A0_cinq_pendants_de_gueules.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Label</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 135px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 130px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gyron_demo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Gyron"><img alt="Gyron" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Gyron_demo.svg/100px-Gyron_demo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Gyron_demo.svg/150px-Gyron_demo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Gyron_demo.svg/200px-Gyron_demo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Gyron</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mobile_charges">Mobile charges<span class="anchor" id="Common_charges"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charge_(heraldry)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Mobile charges"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The so-called <i><b>mobile charges</b></i><sup id="cite_ref-uklo_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-uklo-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (or sometimes <i><b>common charges</b></i>) are not tied to the size and shape of the shield, and so may be placed in any part of the field, although whenever a charge appears alone, it is placed with sufficient position and size to occupy the entire field. Common <i>mobile charges</i> include <a href="/wiki/Human" title="Human">human</a> figures, human parts, <a href="/wiki/Animal" title="Animal">animals</a>, animal parts, <a href="/wiki/Legendary_creature" title="Legendary creature">legendary creatures</a> (or "<a href="/wiki/Monster" title="Monster">monsters</a>"), <a href="/wiki/Plant" title="Plant">plants</a> and floral designs, inanimate objects, and other devices. The heraldic animals need not exactly resemble the actual creatures. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Geometric_charges">Geometric charges</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charge_(heraldry)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Geometric charges"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A number of geometric charges are sometimes listed among the subordinaries (see above), but as their form is not related to the shape of the shield – indeed they may appear independent of the shield (<i>i.e.</i> in <a href="/wiki/Crest_(heraldry)" title="Crest (heraldry)">crests</a> and <a href="/wiki/Badge_(heraldry)" class="mw-redirect" title="Badge (heraldry)">badges</a>) – they are more usefully considered here. These include the escutcheon or inescutcheon, lozenge, fusil, mascle, rustre, billet, roundel, fountain, and annulet. </p> <ul><li>The <i><a href="/wiki/Escutcheon_(heraldry)" title="Escutcheon (heraldry)">escutcheon</a></i> is a small shield. If borne singly in the centre of the main shield, it is sometimes called an <i>inescutcheon</i>, and is usually employed to combine multiple coats. It is customarily the same shape as the shield it is on, though shields of specific shapes are rarely specified in the blazon.</li> <li>The <i><a href="/wiki/Lozenge_(heraldry)" title="Lozenge (heraldry)">lozenge</a></i> is a <a href="/wiki/Rhombus" title="Rhombus">rhombus</a> generally resembling the <a href="/wiki/Diamonds_(suit)" title="Diamonds (suit)">diamonds</a> of playing cards. <ul><li>The <i>fusil</i>: A more acute lozenge.</li> <li>The <i>mascle</i>: A lozenge voided (<i>i.e.</i> with a lozenge-shaped hole).</li> <li>The <i>rustre</i>: A lozenge pierced (<i>i.e.</i> with a round hole).</li></ul></li> <li>The <i>billet</i> is a rectangle, usually at least twice as tall as it is wide; it may represent a <a href="/wiki/Billet_(wood)" title="Billet (wood)">block of wood</a> or a sheet of paper. Billets appear in the shield of the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Nassau" title="House of Nassau">House of Nassau</a>, which was modified to become that of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Netherlands" title="Kingdom of the Netherlands">kingdom of the Netherlands</a>.</li> <li>The <i><a href="/wiki/Roundel_(heraldry)" title="Roundel (heraldry)">roundel</a></i> is a solid circle, frequently of gold (blazoned a <i><a href="/wiki/Bezant" title="Bezant">bezant</a></i>). <ul><li>A <i><a href="/wiki/Fountain_(heraldry)" title="Fountain (heraldry)">fountain</a></i> is depicted as <i>a roundel barry wavy argent and azure</i>.</li> <li>An <i><a href="/wiki/Annulet_(ring)" class="mw-redirect" title="Annulet (ring)">annulet</a></i> is a roundel voided (<i>i.e.</i> a ring).</li></ul></li></ul> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional center"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 135px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 130px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blason-azur-%C3%A9cusson-argent.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Escutcheon"><img alt="Escutcheon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Blason-azur-%C3%A9cusson-argent.svg/100px-Blason-azur-%C3%A9cusson-argent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Blason-azur-%C3%A9cusson-argent.svg/150px-Blason-azur-%C3%A9cusson-argent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Blason-azur-%C3%A9cusson-argent.svg/200px-Blason-azur-%C3%A9cusson-argent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Escutcheon</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 135px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 130px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lozenge_demo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Lozenge"><img alt="Lozenge" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Lozenge_demo.svg/100px-Lozenge_demo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Lozenge_demo.svg/150px-Lozenge_demo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Lozenge_demo.svg/200px-Lozenge_demo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Lozenge</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 135px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 130px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blason_ville_fr_Douzens_(Aude).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Fusil"><img alt="Fusil" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Blason_ville_fr_Douzens_%28Aude%29.svg/100px-Blason_ville_fr_Douzens_%28Aude%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Blason_ville_fr_Douzens_%28Aude%29.svg/150px-Blason_ville_fr_Douzens_%28Aude%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Blason_ville_fr_Douzens_%28Aude%29.svg/200px-Blason_ville_fr_Douzens_%28Aude%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Fusil</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 135px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 130px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blason_fam_fr_du_Puy_du_Fou.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Mascles"><img alt="Mascles" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Blason_fam_fr_du_Puy_du_Fou.svg/100px-Blason_fam_fr_du_Puy_du_Fou.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Blason_fam_fr_du_Puy_du_Fou.svg/150px-Blason_fam_fr_du_Puy_du_Fou.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Blason_fam_fr_du_Puy_du_Fou.svg/200px-Blason_fam_fr_du_Puy_du_Fou.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Mascles</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 135px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 130px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blason_ville_fr_Courris_(Tarn).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Rustre"><img alt="Rustre" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Blason_ville_fr_Courris_%28Tarn%29.svg/100px-Blason_ville_fr_Courris_%28Tarn%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Blason_ville_fr_Courris_%28Tarn%29.svg/150px-Blason_ville_fr_Courris_%28Tarn%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Blason_ville_fr_Courris_%28Tarn%29.svg/200px-Blason_ville_fr_Courris_%28Tarn%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Rustre</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 135px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 130px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blason-azur-10-billettes-or.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Billets"><img alt="Billets" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Blason-azur-10-billettes-or.svg/100px-Blason-azur-10-billettes-or.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Blason-azur-10-billettes-or.svg/150px-Blason-azur-10-billettes-or.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Blason-azur-10-billettes-or.svg/200px-Blason-azur-10-billettes-or.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Billets</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 135px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 130px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blason-gueules-3-besants-or.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Roundels (bezants)"><img alt="Roundels (bezants)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Blason-gueules-3-besants-or.svg/100px-Blason-gueules-3-besants-or.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Blason-gueules-3-besants-or.svg/150px-Blason-gueules-3-besants-or.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Blason-gueules-3-besants-or.svg/200px-Blason-gueules-3-besants-or.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Roundels (bezants)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 135px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 130px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Fontana_coa.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Fountain"><img alt="Fountain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Fontana_coa.svg/100px-Fontana_coa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Fontana_coa.svg/150px-Fontana_coa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Fontana_coa.svg/200px-Fontana_coa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Fountain</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 135px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 130px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blason-azur-3-annelets-or.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Annulets"><img alt="Annulets" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Blason-azur-3-annelets-or.svg/100px-Blason-azur-3-annelets-or.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Blason-azur-3-annelets-or.svg/150px-Blason-azur-3-annelets-or.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Blason-azur-3-annelets-or.svg/200px-Blason-azur-3-annelets-or.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Annulets</div> </li> </ul> <p>Several other simple charges occur with comparable frequency. These include the mullet or star, crescent and cross: </p> <ul><li>The <i><a href="/wiki/Star_(heraldry)" title="Star (heraldry)">mullet</a></i> is a star of (usually five) straight rays, and may have originated as a representation of the <i>rowel</i> or <i>revel</i> of a <i><a href="/wiki/Spur" title="Spur">spur</a></i> (although "spur revels" do appear under that name).<sup id="cite_ref-Fox-Davies296_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fox-Davies296-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mullets frequently appear pierced. An unpierced mullet is sometimes called a "star" in Scottish heraldry, and stars also appear in English and continental heraldry under that name (often with six points). The "spur revel" is also found in Scottish heraldry. <ul><li>The <i>estoile</i>: A star with (usually six) wavy rays is called an <i>estoile</i> (the <a href="/wiki/Old_French" title="Old French">Old French</a> word for 'star'; modern French <i>étoile</i>).</li></ul></li> <li>The <i><a href="/wiki/Comet" title="Comet">comet</a></i> is shown as a mullet with a bendwise wavy tail, rather than naturalistically.</li> <li>The <i><a href="/wiki/Crescent" title="Crescent">crescent</a></i>, a symbol of the <a href="/wiki/Moon" title="Moon">Moon</a>, normally appears with its horns upward; if its horns are <i>to dexter</i> it represents a waxing moon (<i>increscent</i>), and with horns <i>to sinister</i> it represents a waning moon (<i>decrescent</i>).</li></ul> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional center"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 135px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 130px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blason-azur-%C3%A9toile-or.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Mullet"><img alt="Mullet" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Blason-azur-%C3%A9toile-or.svg/100px-Blason-azur-%C3%A9toile-or.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Blason-azur-%C3%A9toile-or.svg/150px-Blason-azur-%C3%A9toile-or.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Blason-azur-%C3%A9toile-or.svg/200px-Blason-azur-%C3%A9toile-or.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Mullet</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 135px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 130px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blason-azur-3-molettes-or.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Mullets pierced"><img alt="Mullets pierced" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Blason-azur-3-molettes-or.svg/100px-Blason-azur-3-molettes-or.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Blason-azur-3-molettes-or.svg/150px-Blason-azur-3-molettes-or.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Blason-azur-3-molettes-or.svg/200px-Blason-azur-3-molettes-or.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Mullets pierced</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 135px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 130px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wigton_of_Yorkshire_arms.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Estoiles"><img alt="Estoiles" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Wigton_of_Yorkshire_arms.svg/100px-Wigton_of_Yorkshire_arms.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Wigton_of_Yorkshire_arms.svg/150px-Wigton_of_Yorkshire_arms.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Wigton_of_Yorkshire_arms.svg/200px-Wigton_of_Yorkshire_arms.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="562" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Estoiles</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 135px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 130px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wappen_Klettgau-Buehl.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Hexagram"><img alt="Hexagram" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Wappen_Klettgau-Buehl.png/100px-Wappen_Klettgau-Buehl.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Wappen_Klettgau-Buehl.png/150px-Wappen_Klettgau-Buehl.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Wappen_Klettgau-Buehl.png/200px-Wappen_Klettgau-Buehl.png 2x" data-file-width="205" data-file-height="231" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Hexagram</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 135px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 130px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blason_ville_fr_Arguel_25.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Comet"><img alt="Comet" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Blason_ville_fr_Arguel_25.svg/100px-Blason_ville_fr_Arguel_25.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Blason_ville_fr_Arguel_25.svg/150px-Blason_ville_fr_Arguel_25.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Blason_ville_fr_Arguel_25.svg/200px-Blason_ville_fr_Arguel_25.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Comet</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 135px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 130px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blason_Jean_Leliwa_(selon_Gelre).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Star and crescent"><img alt="Star and crescent" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Blason_Jean_Leliwa_%28selon_Gelre%29.svg/100px-Blason_Jean_Leliwa_%28selon_Gelre%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Blason_Jean_Leliwa_%28selon_Gelre%29.svg/150px-Blason_Jean_Leliwa_%28selon_Gelre%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Blason_Jean_Leliwa_%28selon_Gelre%29.svg/200px-Blason_Jean_Leliwa_%28selon_Gelre%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Star and crescent</div> </li> </ul> <ul><li>The <i><a href="/wiki/Crosses_in_heraldry" title="Crosses in heraldry">cross</a></i>: One of the most frequently found charges in heraldry, if not <i>the</i> most, is the cross, which has developed into, some say, 400 varieties.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When the cross does not reach the edges of the field, it becomes a mobile charge. The plain <i>Greek cross</i> (with equal limbs) and <i>Latin cross</i> (with the lower limb extended) are sometimes seen, but more often the tip of each limb is developed into some ornamental shape. The most commonly found crosses in heraldry include the <i>cross botonny</i>, the <i>cross flory</i>, the <i>cross moline</i>, the <i>cross potent</i>, the <i>cross patée</i> or <i>formée</i>, the <i>cross patonce</i> and the <i>cross crosslet</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional center"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 135px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 130px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cross-Bottony-Heraldry.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="cross botonny"><img alt="cross botonny" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Cross-Bottony-Heraldry.svg/100px-Cross-Bottony-Heraldry.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Cross-Bottony-Heraldry.svg/150px-Cross-Bottony-Heraldry.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Cross-Bottony-Heraldry.svg/200px-Cross-Bottony-Heraldry.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">cross botonny</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 135px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 130px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cross-Crosslet-Heraldry.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="cross crosslet"><img alt="cross crosslet" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Cross-Crosslet-Heraldry.svg/100px-Cross-Crosslet-Heraldry.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Cross-Crosslet-Heraldry.svg/150px-Cross-Crosslet-Heraldry.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Cross-Crosslet-Heraldry.svg/200px-Cross-Crosslet-Heraldry.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">cross crosslet</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 135px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 130px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cross-Flory-Heraldry.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="cross flory"><img alt="cross flory" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Cross-Flory-Heraldry.svg/100px-Cross-Flory-Heraldry.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Cross-Flory-Heraldry.svg/150px-Cross-Flory-Heraldry.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Cross-Flory-Heraldry.svg/200px-Cross-Flory-Heraldry.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="592" data-file-height="592" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">cross flory</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 135px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 130px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Maltese_cross.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Maltese cross"><img alt="Maltese cross" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Maltese_cross.svg/100px-Maltese_cross.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Maltese_cross.svg/150px-Maltese_cross.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Maltese_cross.svg/200px-Maltese_cross.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Maltese cross</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 135px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 130px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cross-Moline-Heraldry.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="cross moline"><img alt="cross moline" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Cross-Moline-Heraldry.svg/100px-Cross-Moline-Heraldry.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Cross-Moline-Heraldry.svg/150px-Cross-Moline-Heraldry.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Cross-Moline-Heraldry.svg/200px-Cross-Moline-Heraldry.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">cross moline</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 135px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 130px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cross-Pattee-Heraldry.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="cross patée"><img alt="cross patée" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Cross-Pattee-Heraldry.svg/100px-Cross-Pattee-Heraldry.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Cross-Pattee-Heraldry.svg/150px-Cross-Pattee-Heraldry.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Cross-Pattee-Heraldry.svg/200px-Cross-Pattee-Heraldry.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">cross patée</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 135px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 130px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cross-Patonce-Heraldry.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="cross patonce"><img alt="cross patonce" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Cross-Patonce-Heraldry.svg/100px-Cross-Patonce-Heraldry.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Cross-Patonce-Heraldry.svg/150px-Cross-Patonce-Heraldry.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Cross-Patonce-Heraldry.svg/200px-Cross-Patonce-Heraldry.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">cross patonce</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 135px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 130px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cross-Potent-Heraldry.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="cross potent"><img alt="cross potent" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Cross-Potent-Heraldry.svg/100px-Cross-Potent-Heraldry.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Cross-Potent-Heraldry.svg/150px-Cross-Potent-Heraldry.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Cross-Potent-Heraldry.svg/200px-Cross-Potent-Heraldry.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="560" data-file-height="560" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">cross potent</div> </li> </ul> <p>In English heraldry the <a href="/wiki/Crescent" title="Crescent">crescent</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mullet_(heraldry)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mullet (heraldry)">mullet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Martlet" title="Martlet">martlet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Annulet_(ring)" class="mw-redirect" title="Annulet (ring)">annulet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fleur-de-lis" title="Fleur-de-lis">fleur-de-lis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rose_(heraldry)" title="Rose (heraldry)">rose</a> may be added to a shield to distinguish <a href="/wiki/Cadency" title="Cadency">cadet</a> branches of a family from the senior line. It does not follow, however, that a shield containing such a charge necessarily belongs to a cadet branch. All of these charges occur frequently in basic (<i>undifferenced</i>) coats of arms. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Human_or_humanlike_figures">Human or humanlike figures</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charge_(heraldry)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Human or humanlike figures"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Humans, deities, angels and demons occur more often as crests and supporters than on the shield. (Though in many heraldic traditions the depiction of deities is considered taboo, exceptions to this also occur.) When humans do appear on the shield, they almost always appear <i>affronté</i> (facing forward), rather than toward the left like beasts. Such as the arms of the <a href="/wiki/Dalziel" title="Dalziel">Dalziel</a> family of Scotland, which depicted a naked man his arms expanded on a black background.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The largest group of human charges consists of <a href="/wiki/Saint" title="Saint">saints</a>, often as the patron of a town. Knights, bishops, monks and nuns, kings and queens also occur frequently. There are rare occurrences of a "child" (without further description, this is usually understood to be a very young boy, and young girls are extremely rare in heraldry), both the head and entire body. A famous example is the child swallowed by a dragon (the <a href="/wiki/Biscione" title="Biscione">biscione</a>) in the arms of <a href="/wiki/Visconti_of_Milan" title="Visconti of Milan">Visconti</a> dukes of <a href="/wiki/Milan" title="Milan">Milan</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Greek_mythology" title="Greek mythology">Greco</a>-<a href="/wiki/Roman_mythology" title="Roman mythology">Roman</a> mythological figures typically appear in an allegorical or <a href="/wiki/Canting_arms" title="Canting arms">canting</a> role. <a href="/wiki/Angel" title="Angel">Angels</a> very frequently appear, but angelic beings of higher rank, such as <a href="/wiki/Cherubim" class="mw-redirect" title="Cherubim">cherubim</a> and <a href="/wiki/Seraphim" class="mw-redirect" title="Seraphim">seraphim</a>, are extremely rare. An <a href="/wiki/Archangel" title="Archangel">archangel</a> appears in the arms of <a href="/wiki/Arkhangelsk" title="Arkhangelsk">Arkhangelsk</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Devil" title="Devil">Devil</a> or a <a href="/wiki/Demon" title="Demon">demon</a> is occasionally seen, being defeated by the archangel <a href="/wiki/Saint_Michael" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Michael">Saint Michael</a>. Though the taboo is not invariably respected, British heraldry in particular, and to a greater or lesser extent the heraldry of other countries, frowns on depictions of <a href="/wiki/God" title="God">God</a> or <a href="/wiki/Christ" class="mw-redirect" title="Christ">Christ</a>, though an exception may be in the not-uncommon Continental depictions of <a href="/wiki/Madonna_and_Child" class="mw-redirect" title="Madonna and Child">Madonna and Child</a>, including the <a href="/wiki/Black_Madonna" title="Black Madonna">Black Madonna</a> in the arms of <a href="/wiki/Marija_Bistrica" title="Marija Bistrica">Marija Bistrica</a>, <a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>e<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Moors—or more frequently their heads, often crowned—appear with some frequency in medieval European heraldry. They are also sometimes called <i>moore</i>, <i>blackmoor</i> or <i>negro</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Moors" title="Moors">Moors</a> appear in European heraldry from at least as early as the 13th century,<sup id="cite_ref-VAM_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VAM-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and some have been attested as early as the 11th century in <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-VAM_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VAM-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> where they have persisted in the local heraldry and <a href="/wiki/Vexillology" title="Vexillology">vexillology</a> well into modern times in <a href="/wiki/Corsica" title="Corsica">Corsica</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sardinia" title="Sardinia">Sardinia</a>. Armigers bearing moors or moors' heads may have adopted them for any of several reasons, to include symbolizing military victories in the <a href="/wiki/Crusades" title="Crusades">Crusades</a>, as a pun on the bearer's name in the <a href="/wiki/Canting_arms" title="Canting arms">canting arms</a> of Morese, Negri, Saraceni, etc., or in the case of <a href="/wiki/Frederick_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor">Frederick II</a>, possibly to demonstrate the reach of his empire.<sup id="cite_ref-VAM_27-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VAM-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Even the <a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Pope_Benedict_XVI" title="Coat of arms of Pope Benedict XVI">arms of Pope Benedict XVI</a> feature a moor's head, crowned and collared red. Nevertheless, the use of moors (and particularly their heads) as a heraldic symbol has been deprecated in modern North America,<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>f<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> where racial stereotypes have been influenced by a history of <a href="/wiki/Trans-Atlantic_slave_trade" class="mw-redirect" title="Trans-Atlantic slave trade">Trans-Atlantic slave trade</a> and racial segregation, and applicants to the College of Arms of the <a href="/wiki/Society_for_Creative_Anachronism" title="Society for Creative Anachronism">Society for Creative Anachronism</a> are urged to use them delicately to avoid creating offensive images.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional center"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 135px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 130px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Arms_of_Dalzell,_Earl_of_Carnwath.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Human man"><img alt="Human man" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Arms_of_Dalzell%2C_Earl_of_Carnwath.svg/100px-Arms_of_Dalzell%2C_Earl_of_Carnwath.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Arms_of_Dalzell%2C_Earl_of_Carnwath.svg/150px-Arms_of_Dalzell%2C_Earl_of_Carnwath.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Arms_of_Dalzell%2C_Earl_of_Carnwath.svg/200px-Arms_of_Dalzell%2C_Earl_of_Carnwath.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="541" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Human man</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 135px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 130px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:COA_of_Kyiv_Kurovskyi.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Angel"><img alt="Angel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/COA_of_Kyiv_Kurovskyi.svg/90px-COA_of_Kyiv_Kurovskyi.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/COA_of_Kyiv_Kurovskyi.svg/135px-COA_of_Kyiv_Kurovskyi.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/COA_of_Kyiv_Kurovskyi.svg/180px-COA_of_Kyiv_Kurovskyi.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="683" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Angel</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 135px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 130px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_Arms_of_Arkhangelsk.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Angel slaying Demon"><img alt="Angel slaying Demon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Coat_of_Arms_of_Arkhangelsk.svg/93px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Arkhangelsk.svg.png" decoding="async" width="93" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Coat_of_Arms_of_Arkhangelsk.svg/139px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Arkhangelsk.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Coat_of_Arms_of_Arkhangelsk.svg/186px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Arkhangelsk.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="742" data-file-height="958" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Angel slaying Demon</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 135px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 130px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Arms_of_Corsica.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Moor"><img alt="Moor" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Arms_of_Corsica.svg/100px-Arms_of_Corsica.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="118" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Arms_of_Corsica.svg/150px-Arms_of_Corsica.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Arms_of_Corsica.svg/200px-Arms_of_Corsica.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="808" data-file-height="950" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Moor</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 135px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 130px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Arms_of_the_House_of_Visconti_(1395).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Biscione"><img alt="Biscione" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Arms_of_the_House_of_Visconti_%281395%29.svg/100px-Arms_of_the_House_of_Visconti_%281395%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="117" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Arms_of_the_House_of_Visconti_%281395%29.svg/150px-Arms_of_the_House_of_Visconti_%281395%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Arms_of_the_House_of_Visconti_%281395%29.svg/200px-Arms_of_the_House_of_Visconti_%281395%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="817" data-file-height="954" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Biscione</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 135px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 130px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Trakai_district_COA.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Knight"><img alt="Knight" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Trakai_district_COA.svg/99px-Trakai_district_COA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="99" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Trakai_district_COA.svg/149px-Trakai_district_COA.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Trakai_district_COA.svg/199px-Trakai_district_COA.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="565" data-file-height="681" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Knight</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 135px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 130px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Lithuania.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Knight on horse"><img alt="Knight on horse" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Coat_of_arms_of_Lithuania.svg/100px-Coat_of_arms_of_Lithuania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="114" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Coat_of_arms_of_Lithuania.svg/150px-Coat_of_arms_of_Lithuania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Coat_of_arms_of_Lithuania.svg/200px-Coat_of_arms_of_Lithuania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="528" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Knight on horse</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 135px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 130px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Arms_of_Gij%C3%B3n.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="King"><img alt="King" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Arms_of_Gij%C3%B3n.svg/100px-Arms_of_Gij%C3%B3n.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="118" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Arms_of_Gij%C3%B3n.svg/150px-Arms_of_Gij%C3%B3n.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Arms_of_Gij%C3%B3n.svg/200px-Arms_of_Gij%C3%B3n.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="780" data-file-height="923" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">King</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 135px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 130px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blason_de_C%C3%A9pie_(version_2).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Clergy Member"><img alt="Clergy Member" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Blason_de_C%C3%A9pie_%28version_2%29.svg/100px-Blason_de_C%C3%A9pie_%28version_2%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Blason_de_C%C3%A9pie_%28version_2%29.svg/150px-Blason_de_C%C3%A9pie_%28version_2%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Blason_de_C%C3%A9pie_%28version_2%29.svg/200px-Blason_de_C%C3%A9pie_%28version_2%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Clergy Member</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Human_parts">Human parts</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charge_(heraldry)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Human parts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Parts of human bodies occur more often than the whole, particularly <a href="/wiki/Heads_in_heraldry" title="Heads in heraldry">heads</a> (occasionally of exotic nationality), hearts (always stylized), hands, torso and armored limbs. A famous heraldic hand is the <a href="/wiki/Red_Hand_of_Ulster" title="Red Hand of Ulster">Red Hand of Ulster</a>, alluding to an incident in the legendary <a href="/wiki/Milesians_(Irish)" title="Milesians (Irish)">Milesian</a> invasion. Hands also appear in the coat of arms of <a href="/wiki/Antwerp" title="Antwerp">Antwerp</a>. <a href="/wiki/Rib" title="Rib">Ribs</a> occur in Iberian armory, canting for the Portuguese family <i>da Costa</i>. According to Woodward & Burnett, the Counts Colleoni of Milan bear arms blazoned: "Per pale argent and gules, three hearts reversed counterchanged;" but in less delicate times these were read as <a href="/wiki/Canting_arms" title="Canting arms">canting arms</a><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> showing three pairs of testicles (<i>coglioni</i> = "testicles" in Italian).<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>g<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The community of <a href="/wiki/C%C3%B6lbe" title="Cölbe">Cölbe</a> in <a href="/wiki/Hesse" title="Hesse">Hesse</a> has a coat of arms with a similar charge. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Animals">Animals</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charge_(heraldry)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Animals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Category:Heraldic_beasts" title="Category:Heraldic beasts">Category:Heraldic beasts</a></div> <p>Animals, especially lions and eagles, feature prominently as heraldic charges. Some differences may be observed between an animal's natural form and the conventional <a href="/wiki/Attitude_(heraldry)" title="Attitude (heraldry)">attitudes</a> (positions) into which heraldic animals are contorted; additionally, various parts of an animal (claws, horns, tongue, etc.) may be differently coloured, each with its own terminology. Most animals are broadly classified, according to their natural form, into beasts, birds, sea creatures and others, and the attitudes that apply to them may be grouped accordingly. Beasts, particularly lions, most often appear in the <i>rampant</i> position; while birds, particularly the eagle, most often appear <i>displayed</i>. While the lion, regarded as the king of beasts, is by far the most frequently occurring beast in heraldry, the eagle, equally regarded as the king of birds, is overwhelmingly the most frequently occurring bird, and the rivalry between these two is often noted to parallel with the political rivalry between the powers they came to represent in medieval Europe. Neubecker notes that "in the heroic poem by <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_von_Veldeke" title="Heinrich von Veldeke">Heinrich von Veldeke</a> based on the story of <a href="/wiki/Aeneas" title="Aeneas">Aeneas</a>, the bearer of the arms of a lion is set against the bearer of the arms of an eagle. If one takes the latter to be the historical and geographical forerunner of the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman emperor</a>, then the bearer of the lion represents the unruly feudal lords, to whom the emperor had to make more and more concessions, particularly to the powerful duke of Bavaria and Saxony, <a href="/wiki/Henry_the_Lion" title="Henry the Lion">Henry the Lion</a> of the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Welf" title="House of Welf">House of Welf</a>."<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The beast most often portrayed in heraldry is the <a href="/wiki/Lion_(heraldry)" title="Lion (heraldry)">lion</a>. When posed <i>passant guardant</i> (walking and facing the viewer), he is called a <i>léopard</i> in <a href="/wiki/French_heraldry" title="French heraldry">French blazon</a>. Other beasts frequently seen include the <a href="/wiki/Wolves_in_heraldry" title="Wolves in heraldry">wolf</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bears_in_heraldry" class="mw-redirect" title="Bears in heraldry">bear</a>, <a href="/wiki/Boars_in_heraldry" title="Boars in heraldry">boar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Horse" title="Horse">horse</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bull" title="Bull">bull</a> or <a href="/wiki/Ox" title="Ox">ox</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Stag" class="mw-redirect" title="Stag">stag</a> or hart. The <i>tiger</i> (unless blazoned as a <i>Bengal <a href="/wiki/Tiger" title="Tiger">tiger</a></i>) is a fanciful beast with a wolflike body, a mane and a pointed snout. <a href="/wiki/Dog" title="Dog">Dogs</a> of various types, and occasionally of specific breeds, occur more often as crests or supporters than as charges. According to Neubecker, heraldry in the Middle Ages generally distinguished only between pointers, hounds and whippets, when any distinction was made.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Unicorn" title="Unicorn">unicorn</a> resembles a horse with a single horn, but its hooves are usually cloven like those of a deer. The <a href="/wiki/Griffin" title="Griffin">griffin</a> combines the head (but with ears), chest, wings and forelegs of the eagle with the hindquarters and legs of a lion. The <i>male griffin</i> lacks wings and his body is scattered with spikes. </p><p>The bird most frequently found in armory is, by far, the <a href="/wiki/Eagle_(heraldry)" title="Eagle (heraldry)">eagle</a>. Eagles in heraldry are predominantly presented with one or two heads, though triple-headed eagles are not unknown, and one eagle appearing in the <a href="/wiki/Codex_Manesse" title="Codex Manesse">Codex Manesse</a> has its wing bones fashioned into additional heads.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>h<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Eagles and their wings also feature prominently as crests. Eagles most frequently appear full-bodied, with one head, in numerous <a href="/wiki/Attitude_(heraldry)" title="Attitude (heraldry)">positions</a> including <i>displayed</i>, <i>statant</i>, <i>passant</i> and <i>rising</i>. The <i>demi-eagle</i>, which is shown only from the waist up, occurs less frequently. <a href="/wiki/Double-headed_eagle" title="Double-headed eagle">Double-headed eagles</a> almost always appear <i>displayed</i>. As a result of being the dominant charge on the imperial <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Habsburg_monarchy" title="Habsburg monarchy">Austrian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian</a> coats of arms, the double eagle gained enduring renown throughout the Western world. Among the present day nations with an eagle charge on their coat of arms are: <a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Albania" title="Coat of arms of Albania">Albania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Austria" title="Coat of arms of Austria">Austria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Germany" title="Coat of arms of Germany">Germany</a>, <a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Montenegro" title="Coat of arms of Montenegro">Montenegro</a>, <a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Poland" title="Coat of arms of Poland">Poland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Romania" title="Coat of arms of Romania">Romania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Russia" title="Coat of arms of Russia">Russia</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Serbia" title="Coat of arms of Serbia">Serbia</a>. Additionally, the <i>Double-Headed Eagle of Lagash</i> is used as an emblem by the <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Rite" title="Scottish Rite">Scottish Rite</a> of <a href="/wiki/Freemasonry" title="Freemasonry">Freemasonry</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are many meanings attached to this symbol, and it was introduced in France in the early 1760s as the emblem of the <a href="/wiki/Knight_Kadosh" title="Knight Kadosh">Knight Kadosh</a> degree.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Martlet" title="Martlet">martlet</a>, a stylized swift or swallow without feet (sometimes incorrectly, at least in the Anglophone heraldries these days, said to have no beak), is a mark of <a href="/wiki/Cadency" title="Cadency">cadency</a> in English heraldry, but also appears as a simple charge in undifferenced arms. Its attitude is usually statant (and is never blazoned as such); but it can also be found volant. The pelican is notable as frequently occurring in a peculiar attitude described as <i><a href="/wiki/Pelican_in_her_piety" class="mw-redirect" title="Pelican in her piety">in her piety</a></i> (<i>i.e.</i> wings raised, piercing her own breast to feed her chicks in the nest, which is how it is actually often blazoned, 'in its piety' being a fairly modern conceit). This symbol carries a particular religious meaning (as a symbol of Christ sacrificing Himself),<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> and became so popular in heraldry that pelicans rarely exist in heraldry in any other position.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Distinction is however observed, between a pelican "vulning herself" (alone, piercing her breast) and "in her piety" (surrounded by and feeding her chicks).<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Swan" title="Swan">swan</a> is also often seen, and the <a href="/wiki/Peafowl" title="Peafowl">peacock</a> in heraldry is described as being <i>in its pride</i>. The domestic cock (or <a href="/wiki/Rooster" class="mw-redirect" title="Rooster">rooster</a>) is sometimes called <i>dunghill cock</i> to distinguish it from the <i>game cock</i> which has a cut comb and exaggerated spurs, and the <i>moor cock</i>, which is the farmyard cock with a game bird's tail.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other birds occur less frequently. </p><p>The category of sea creatures may be seen to include various fish, a highly stylized "dolphin", and various fanciful creatures, sea monsters, which are shown as half-fish and half-beast, as well as mermaids and the like. The "sea lion" and "sea horse", for example, do not appear as natural <a href="/wiki/Sea_lion" title="Sea lion">sea lions</a> and <a href="/wiki/Seahorse" title="Seahorse">seahorses</a>, but rather as half-lion half-fish and half-horse half-fish, respectively. <a href="/wiki/Fish" title="Fish">Fish</a> of various species often appear in <a href="/wiki/Canting_arms" title="Canting arms">canting arms</a>, e.g.: <a href="/wiki/Pike_(fish)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pike (fish)">pike</a>, also called luce, for Pike or Lucy; <a href="/wiki/Coryphaenidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Coryphaenidae">dolphin</a> (a conventional kind of fish rather than the natural mammal) for the <a href="/wiki/Dauphin_de_Viennois" class="mw-redirect" title="Dauphin de Viennois">Dauphin de Viennois</a>. The <i>escallop</i> (<a href="/wiki/Scallop" title="Scallop">scallop</a> shell) became popular as a token of pilgrimage to the shrine of <a href="/wiki/Santiago_de_Compostela" title="Santiago de Compostela">Santiago de Compostela</a>. The <i>sea-lion</i> and <i>sea-horse</i>, like the <a href="/wiki/Mermaid" title="Mermaid">mermaid</a>, combine the foreparts of a mammal with the tail of a fish, and a dorsal fin in place of the mane. (When the natural <a href="/wiki/Seahorse" title="Seahorse">seahorse</a> is meant, it is blazoned as a <i>hippocampus</i>.) The <i>sea-dog</i> and <i>sea-wolf</i> are quadrupeds but with scales, webbed feet, and often a flat tail resembling that of the <a href="/wiki/Beaver" title="Beaver">beaver</a>. </p><p>Reptiles and invertebrates occurring in heraldry include serpents, lizards, salamanders and others, but the most frequently occurring of these are various forms of dragons. The "<a href="/wiki/Dragon" title="Dragon">dragon</a>", thus termed, is a large monstrous reptile with, often, a forked or barbed tongue, membraned wings like a bat's, and four legs. The <i><a href="/wiki/Wyvern" title="Wyvern">wyvern</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Lindworm" title="Lindworm">lindworm</a></i> are dragons with only two legs. The <a href="/wiki/Salamander_(legendary_creature)" class="mw-redirect" title="Salamander (legendary creature)">salamander</a> is typically shown as a simple lizard surrounded by flames. Also notably occurring (undoubtedly owing much of its fame to <a href="/wiki/Napoleon" title="Napoleon">Napoleon</a>, though it also appears in much earlier heraldry) is the <a href="/wiki/Bee" title="Bee">bee</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>i<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional center"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 135px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 130px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blason-or-lion-gueules.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Lion rampant"><img alt="Lion rampant" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Blason-or-lion-gueules.svg/100px-Blason-or-lion-gueules.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Blason-or-lion-gueules.svg/150px-Blason-or-lion-gueules.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Blason-or-lion-gueules.svg/200px-Blason-or-lion-gueules.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Lion <i>rampant</i></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 135px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 130px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blason-gueules-lion-passant-or.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Lion passant"><img alt="Lion passant" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Blason-gueules-lion-passant-or.svg/100px-Blason-gueules-lion-passant-or.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Blason-gueules-lion-passant-or.svg/150px-Blason-gueules-lion-passant-or.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Blason-gueules-lion-passant-or.svg/200px-Blason-gueules-lion-passant-or.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Lion <i>passant</i></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 135px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 130px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blason-gueules-l%C3%A9opard-or.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Lion passant guardant"><img alt="Lion passant guardant" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Blason-gueules-l%C3%A9opard-or.svg/100px-Blason-gueules-l%C3%A9opard-or.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Blason-gueules-l%C3%A9opard-or.svg/150px-Blason-gueules-l%C3%A9opard-or.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Blason-gueules-l%C3%A9opard-or.svg/200px-Blason-gueules-l%C3%A9opard-or.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Lion <i>passant guardant</i></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 135px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 130px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Herb_Polski.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Eagle argent"><img alt="Eagle argent" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Herb_Polski.svg/100px-Herb_Polski.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="118" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Herb_Polski.svg/150px-Herb_Polski.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Herb_Polski.svg/200px-Herb_Polski.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="3158" data-file-height="3716" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Eagle <i>argent</i></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 135px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 130px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blason_Landkreis_Storman.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Swan gorged with a coronet"><img alt="Swan gorged with a coronet" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Blason_Landkreis_Storman.svg/100px-Blason_Landkreis_Storman.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Blason_Landkreis_Storman.svg/150px-Blason_Landkreis_Storman.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Blason_Landkreis_Storman.svg/200px-Blason_Landkreis_Storman.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Swan <i>gorged</i> with a coronet</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 135px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 130px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Laholm_kommunvapen_-_Riksarkivet_Sverige.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Three salmon naiant"><img alt="Three salmon naiant" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Laholm_kommunvapen_-_Riksarkivet_Sverige.png/100px-Laholm_kommunvapen_-_Riksarkivet_Sverige.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="117" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Laholm_kommunvapen_-_Riksarkivet_Sverige.png/150px-Laholm_kommunvapen_-_Riksarkivet_Sverige.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Laholm_kommunvapen_-_Riksarkivet_Sverige.png/200px-Laholm_kommunvapen_-_Riksarkivet_Sverige.png 2x" data-file-width="1429" data-file-height="1666" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Three salmon <i>naiant</i></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 135px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 130px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Shield_of_Arms_of_the_Lord_Arundell_of_Wardour.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Six martlets"><img alt="Six martlets" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Shield_of_Arms_of_the_Lord_Arundell_of_Wardour.svg/100px-Shield_of_Arms_of_the_Lord_Arundell_of_Wardour.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="109" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Shield_of_Arms_of_the_Lord_Arundell_of_Wardour.svg/150px-Shield_of_Arms_of_the_Lord_Arundell_of_Wardour.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Shield_of_Arms_of_the_Lord_Arundell_of_Wardour.svg/200px-Shield_of_Arms_of_the_Lord_Arundell_of_Wardour.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="559" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Six martlets</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 135px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 130px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blason_ville_be_Kruibeke_(ancien).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Unicorn"><img alt="Unicorn" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Blason_ville_be_Kruibeke_%28ancien%29.svg/100px-Blason_ville_be_Kruibeke_%28ancien%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Blason_ville_be_Kruibeke_%28ancien%29.svg/150px-Blason_ville_be_Kruibeke_%28ancien%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Blason_ville_be_Kruibeke_%28ancien%29.svg/200px-Blason_ville_be_Kruibeke_%28ancien%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Unicorn</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 135px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 130px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blason-azur-griffon-argent.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Griffin segreant"><img alt="Griffin segreant" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Blason-azur-griffon-argent.svg/100px-Blason-azur-griffon-argent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Blason-azur-griffon-argent.svg/150px-Blason-azur-griffon-argent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Blason-azur-griffon-argent.svg/200px-Blason-azur-griffon-argent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Griffin <i>segreant</i></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 135px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 130px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blason_ville_fr_Bretigney_25.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Sea lion crowned"><img alt="Sea lion crowned" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Blason_ville_fr_Bretigney_25.svg/100px-Blason_ville_fr_Bretigney_25.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Blason_ville_fr_Bretigney_25.svg/150px-Blason_ville_fr_Bretigney_25.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Blason_ville_fr_Bretigney_25.svg/200px-Blason_ville_fr_Bretigney_25.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Sea lion <i>crowned</i></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 135px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 130px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blason_ville_fr_Belleville_(Rh%C3%B4ne).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Salamander"><img alt="Salamander" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Blason_ville_fr_Belleville_%28Rh%C3%B4ne%29.svg/100px-Blason_ville_fr_Belleville_%28Rh%C3%B4ne%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Blason_ville_fr_Belleville_%28Rh%C3%B4ne%29.svg/150px-Blason_ville_fr_Belleville_%28Rh%C3%B4ne%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Blason_ville_fr_Belleville_%28Rh%C3%B4ne%29.svg/200px-Blason_ville_fr_Belleville_%28Rh%C3%B4ne%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Salamander</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Animal_parts">Animal parts</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charge_(heraldry)&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Animal parts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Animals' <a href="/wiki/Heads_in_heraldry" title="Heads in heraldry">heads</a> are also very frequent charges, as are the paw or leg (<i>gamb</i>) of the lion, the wing (often paired) of the eagle, and the antlers (<i>attire</i>) of the stag. Sometimes only the top half of a beast is shown; for example, the <i>demi-lion</i> is among the most common forms occurring in heraldic crests. </p><p>Heads may appear <i>cabossed</i> (also <i>caboshed</i> or <i>caboched</i>): with the head cleanly separated from the neck so that only the face shows; <i>couped</i>: with the neck cleanly separated from the body so that the whole head and neck are present; or <i><a href="/wiki/Erasure_(heraldry)" class="mw-redirect" title="Erasure (heraldry)">erased</a></i>: with the neck showing a ragged edge as if forcibly torn from the body. While cabossed heads are shown facing forward (<i>affronté</i>), heads that are <i>couped</i> or <i>erased</i> face dexter unless otherwise specified for differencing. Heads of horned beasts are often shown cabossed to display the horns, but instances can be found in any of these circumstances. A lion's head cabossed is called simply a <i>face</i>, and a fox's head cabossed, a <i>mask</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional center"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 135px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 130px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blason_d%27azur_au_rencontre_de_cerf_d%27or.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Hart's head cabossed"><img alt="Hart's head cabossed" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Blason_d%27azur_au_rencontre_de_cerf_d%27or.svg/100px-Blason_d%27azur_au_rencontre_de_cerf_d%27or.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Blason_d%27azur_au_rencontre_de_cerf_d%27or.svg/150px-Blason_d%27azur_au_rencontre_de_cerf_d%27or.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Blason_d%27azur_au_rencontre_de_cerf_d%27or.svg/200px-Blason_d%27azur_au_rencontre_de_cerf_d%27or.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Hart's head <i>cabossed</i></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 135px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 130px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wood_(OfOrchard_Lew_Trenchard_Devon)_Arms.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Three leopard's faces"><img alt="Three leopard's faces" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Wood_%28OfOrchard_Lew_Trenchard_Devon%29_Arms.png/100px-Wood_%28OfOrchard_Lew_Trenchard_Devon%29_Arms.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="115" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Wood_%28OfOrchard_Lew_Trenchard_Devon%29_Arms.png/150px-Wood_%28OfOrchard_Lew_Trenchard_Devon%29_Arms.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Wood_%28OfOrchard_Lew_Trenchard_Devon%29_Arms.png/200px-Wood_%28OfOrchard_Lew_Trenchard_Devon%29_Arms.png 2x" data-file-width="812" data-file-height="936" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Three leopard's faces</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 135px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 130px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Complete_Guide_to_Heraldry_Fig345.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Fox's mask"><img alt="Fox's mask" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Complete_Guide_to_Heraldry_Fig345.png/98px-Complete_Guide_to_Heraldry_Fig345.png" decoding="async" width="98" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Complete_Guide_to_Heraldry_Fig345.png/147px-Complete_Guide_to_Heraldry_Fig345.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Complete_Guide_to_Heraldry_Fig345.png/196px-Complete_Guide_to_Heraldry_Fig345.png 2x" data-file-width="310" data-file-height="380" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Fox's mask</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 135px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 130px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blason_ville_fr_Sains-du-Nord_(Nord).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Boar's head erased"><img alt="Boar's head erased" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Blason_ville_fr_Sains-du-Nord_%28Nord%29.svg/100px-Blason_ville_fr_Sains-du-Nord_%28Nord%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Blason_ville_fr_Sains-du-Nord_%28Nord%29.svg/150px-Blason_ville_fr_Sains-du-Nord_%28Nord%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Blason_ville_fr_Sains-du-Nord_%28Nord%29.svg/200px-Blason_ville_fr_Sains-du-Nord_%28Nord%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Boar's head <i>erased</i></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 135px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 130px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:POL_Sejny_COA_old.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bull's head couped"><img alt="Bull's head couped" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/POL_Sejny_COA_old.svg/100px-POL_Sejny_COA_old.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/POL_Sejny_COA_old.svg/150px-POL_Sejny_COA_old.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/POL_Sejny_COA_old.svg/199px-POL_Sejny_COA_old.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="553" data-file-height="665" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Bull's head <i>couped</i></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Attitude_of_animals">Attitude of animals</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charge_(heraldry)&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Attitude of animals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Attitude_(heraldry)" title="Attitude (heraldry)">Attitude (heraldry)</a></div> <p>The <i>attitude</i>, or position, of the creature's body is usually explicitly stated in English blazon. When such description is omitted, a lion can be assumed to be <i>rampant</i>, a leopard or herbivore <i>passant</i>. </p><p>By default, the charge faces dexter (left as seen by the viewer); this would be forward on a shield worn on the left arm. In German armory, animate charges in the dexter half of a composite display are usually turned to face the center. </p> <ul><li>An animal <i>toward sinister</i> or <i>contourny</i> is turned toward the right of the shield (as seen by the observer, i.e. the shield-bearer's left), the sinister.</li> <li>An animal <i>affronté</i> or <i>full faced</i> faces the viewer.</li> <li>An animal <i>guardant</i> faces dexter with its head turned to face the viewer.</li> <li>An animal <i>regardant</i> faces dexter with its head turned toward sinister, as if looking over its shoulder.</li></ul> <p>Certain features of an animal are often of a contrasting tincture. The charge is then said to be <i>armed</i> (claws and horns and tusks), <i>langued</i> (tongue), <i><a href="/wiki/Vilen%C3%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="Vilené">vilené</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-rietstap-1884_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rietstap-1884-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or <i><a href="/wiki/Pizzled" class="mw-redirect" title="Pizzled">pizzled</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (penis), <i>attired</i> (antlers or very occasionally horns), <i>unguled</i> (hooves), <i>crined</i> (horse's mane or human hair) of a specified tincture. </p><p>Many attitudes have developed from the herald's imagination and ever-increasing need for differentiation, but only the principal attitudes found in heraldry need be discussed here. These, in the case of beasts, include the erect positions, the seated positions, and the prone positions. In the case of birds, these include the "displayed" positions, the flying positions, and the resting positions. Additionally, birds are frequently described by the position of their wings. A few other attitudes warrant discussion, including those particular to fish, serpents, griffins and dragons. </p><p>The principal attitude of beasts is <i>rampant</i> (<i>i.e.</i> standing on one hind leg with forepaws raised as if to climb or mount - sometimes including an erect member). Beasts also frequently appear walking, <i>passant</i> or, in the case of stags and the occasional unicorn, <i>trippant</i>, and may appear <i>statant</i> (standing), <i>salient</i> or <i>springing</i> (leaping), <i>sejant</i> (seated), <i>couchant</i> or <i>lodged</i> (lying prone with head raised), or occasionally <i>dormant</i> (sleeping). The principal attitude of birds, namely the eagle, is <i>displayed</i> (<i>i.e.</i> facing the viewer with the head turned toward dexter and wings raised and upturned to show the full underside of both wings). Birds also appear <i>rising</i> or <i>rousant</i> (<i>i.e.</i> wings raised and head upturned as if about to take flight), <i>volant</i> (flying), <i>statant</i> (standing, with wings raised), <i>close</i> (at rest with wings folded), and waterfowl may appear <i>naiant</i> (swimming), while cranes may appear <i>vigilant</i> (standing on one leg). Fish often appear <i>naiant</i> (swimming horizontally) or <i>hauriant</i> (upwards) or <i>urinant</i> (downwards), but may also appear <i>addorsed</i> (two fish hauriant, back to back). Serpents may appear <i>glissant</i> (gliding in a wavy form) or <i>nowed</i> (as a <a href="/wiki/Figure-eight_knot" title="Figure-eight knot">figure-eight knot</a>). Griffins and quadrupedal dragons constantly appear <i>segreant</i> (<i>i.e.</i> rampant with wings addorsed and elevated) and, together with lions, may appear <i>combatant</i> (<i>i.e.</i> two of them turned to face each other in the rampant position). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Plants">Plants</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charge_(heraldry)&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Plants"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Plants are extremely common in heraldry and figure among the earliest charges. The <a href="/wiki/Turnip" title="Turnip">turnip</a>, for instance, makes an early appearance, as does <a href="/wiki/Wheat" title="Wheat">wheat</a>. Trees also appear in heraldry; the most frequent tree by far is the <a href="/wiki/Oak" title="Oak">oak</a> (drawn with large leaves and acorns), followed by the <a href="/wiki/Pine" title="Pine">pine</a>. <a href="/wiki/Apple" title="Apple">Apples</a> and bunches of <a href="/wiki/Grape" title="Grape">grapes</a> occur very frequently, other fruits less so. When the fruit is mentioned, as to indicate a different tincture, the tree is said to be <i>fructed</i> of the tincture. If a tree is "eradicated" it is shown as if it has been ripped up from the ground, the roots being exposed. "Erased" is rarely used for a similar treatment.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>j<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Portuguese heraldry, but rarely in other countries, trees are sometimes found <a href="/wiki/Decortication" title="Decortication">decorticated</a>. </p><p>The most famous heraldic flower (particularly in French heraldry) is the <i><a href="/wiki/Fleur-de-lis" title="Fleur-de-lis">fleur-de-lis</a></i>, which is often stated to be a stylised lily, though despite the name there is considerable debate on this.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The "natural" <a href="/wiki/Lily" class="mw-redirect" title="Lily">lily</a>, somewhat stylised, also occurs, as (together with the fleur-de-lis) in the arms of <a href="/wiki/Eton_College" title="Eton College">Eton College</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Rose_(heraldry)" title="Rose (heraldry)">rose</a> is perhaps even more widely seen in English heraldry than the fleur-de-lis. Its heraldic form is derived from the "wild" type with only five petals, and it is often <i>barbed</i> (the hull of the bud, its points showing between the petals) and <i>seeded</i> in contrasting tinctures. The <a href="/wiki/Thistle" title="Thistle">thistle</a> frequently appears as a symbol of <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a>. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Trefoil" title="Trefoil">trefoil</a>, <a href="/wiki/Quatrefoil" title="Quatrefoil">quatrefoil</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cinquefoil" class="mw-redirect" title="Cinquefoil">cinquefoil</a> are abstract forms resembling flowers or leaves. The trefoil is always shown <i>slipped</i> (i.e. with a stem), unless blazoned otherwise. The cinquefoil is sometimes blazoned <i>fraise</i> (strawberry flower), most notably when <a href="/wiki/Canting_arms" title="Canting arms">canting</a> for Fraser. The <a href="/wiki/Trillium" title="Trillium">trillium</a> flower occurs occasionally in a Canadian context, and the <a href="/wiki/Protea" title="Protea">protea</a> flower constantly appears in South Africa, since it is the national flower symbol. </p><p>Wheat constantly occurs in the form of "garbs" or sheaves and in fields (e.g. in <a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Alberta" title="Coat of arms of Alberta">the arms of the province of Alberta</a>, Canada), though less often as ears, which are shown unwhiskered (though some varieties of wheat are naturally whiskered). Ears of <a href="/wiki/Rye" title="Rye">rye</a> are depicted exactly as wheat, except the ears droop down and are often whiskered, e.g. in the arms of the former <a href="/wiki/Ruislip-Northwood_Urban_District" title="Ruislip-Northwood Urban District">Ruislip-Northwood Urban District</a>. <a href="/wiki/Barley" title="Barley">Barley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cannabis" title="Cannabis">cannabis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maize" title="Maize">maize</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Oat" title="Oat">oats</a> also occur. The "garb" in the arms of <a href="/wiki/Gustav_I_of_Sweden" class="mw-redirect" title="Gustav I of Sweden">Gustav Vasa</a> (and in the coat of arms of Sweden) is not a wheatsheaf, although it was pictured in that way from the 16th to 19th century; rather, this "vasa" is a bundle but of unknown sort. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional center"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 135px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 130px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:H%C3%A9raldique_meuble_Pommier.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Tree fructed and eradicated"><img alt="Tree fructed and eradicated" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/H%C3%A9raldique_meuble_Pommier.svg/100px-H%C3%A9raldique_meuble_Pommier.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/H%C3%A9raldique_meuble_Pommier.svg/150px-H%C3%A9raldique_meuble_Pommier.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/H%C3%A9raldique_meuble_Pommier.svg/200px-H%C3%A9raldique_meuble_Pommier.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="538" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Tree <i>fructed</i> and <i>eradicated</i></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 135px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 130px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Armoiries_de_Wachtendonck.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Fleur-de-lis"><img alt="Fleur-de-lis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Armoiries_de_Wachtendonck.svg/100px-Armoiries_de_Wachtendonck.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Armoiries_de_Wachtendonck.svg/150px-Armoiries_de_Wachtendonck.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Armoiries_de_Wachtendonck.svg/200px-Armoiries_de_Wachtendonck.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Fleur-de-lis</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 135px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 130px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ledenice_CZ_CoA.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Heraldic rose"><img alt="Heraldic rose" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Ledenice_CZ_CoA.svg/100px-Ledenice_CZ_CoA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="109" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Ledenice_CZ_CoA.svg/150px-Ledenice_CZ_CoA.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Ledenice_CZ_CoA.svg/200px-Ledenice_CZ_CoA.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="554" data-file-height="604" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Heraldic rose</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 135px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 130px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blason_de_la_ville_de_Trets_(13).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Three trefoils"><img alt="Three trefoils" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Blason_de_la_ville_de_Trets_%2813%29.svg/100px-Blason_de_la_ville_de_Trets_%2813%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Blason_de_la_ville_de_Trets_%2813%29.svg/150px-Blason_de_la_ville_de_Trets_%2813%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Blason_de_la_ville_de_Trets_%2813%29.svg/200px-Blason_de_la_ville_de_Trets_%2813%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Three trefoils</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 135px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 130px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Vasa_vapen.svg" class="mw-file-description" title=""Vasa""><img alt=""Vasa"" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Vasa_vapen.svg/100px-Vasa_vapen.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="118" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Vasa_vapen.svg/150px-Vasa_vapen.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Vasa_vapen.svg/200px-Vasa_vapen.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="585" data-file-height="691" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">"Vasa"</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 135px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 130px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wangen-Br%C3%BCttisellen-blazon.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Cannabis"><img alt="Cannabis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Wangen-Br%C3%BCttisellen-blazon.svg/100px-Wangen-Br%C3%BCttisellen-blazon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="117" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Wangen-Br%C3%BCttisellen-blazon.svg/150px-Wangen-Br%C3%BCttisellen-blazon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Wangen-Br%C3%BCttisellen-blazon.svg/200px-Wangen-Br%C3%BCttisellen-blazon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="215" data-file-height="252" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Cannabis</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 135px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 130px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Arms_of_Canada_(shield).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Three maple leaves"><img alt="Three maple leaves" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Arms_of_Canada_%28shield%29.svg/96px-Arms_of_Canada_%28shield%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="96" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Arms_of_Canada_%28shield%29.svg/144px-Arms_of_Canada_%28shield%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Arms_of_Canada_%28shield%29.svg/192px-Arms_of_Canada_%28shield%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="242" data-file-height="303" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Three maple leaves</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Inanimate_objects">Inanimate objects</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charge_(heraldry)&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Inanimate objects"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Very few inanimate objects in heraldry carry a special significance distinct from that of the object itself, but among such objects are the <i>escarbuncle</i>, the <i>fasces</i>, and the <i>key</i>. The escarbuncle developed from the radiating iron bands used to strengthen a round shield, eventually becoming a heraldic charge.<sup id="cite_ref-Fox-Davies291_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fox-Davies291-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Fasces" title="Fasces">fasces</a> (not to be confused with the French term for a <i>bar</i> or <i>fess</i>) is emblematic of the Roman magisterial office and has often been granted to <a href="/wiki/Mayor" title="Mayor">mayors</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Fox-Davies291_46-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fox-Davies291-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Key_(lock)" class="mw-redirect" title="Key (lock)">Keys</a> (taking a form similar to a "<a href="/wiki/Key_(lock)#Skeleton_key" class="mw-redirect" title="Key (lock)">skeleton key</a>") are emblematic of <a href="/wiki/Saint_Peter" title="Saint Peter">Saint Peter</a> and, by extension, the <a href="/wiki/Pope" title="Pope">papacy</a>, and thus frequently appear in ecclesiastical heraldry.<sup id="cite_ref-Fox-Davies291_46-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fox-Davies291-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Because St. Peter is the patron saint of fishermen, keys also notably appear in the arms of the <a href="/wiki/Worshipful_Company_of_Fishmongers" title="Worshipful Company of Fishmongers">Worshipful Company of Fishmongers</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Fox-Davies291_46-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fox-Davies291-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Sun_(heraldry)" title="Sun (heraldry)">sun</a> is a disc with twelve or more wavy rays, or alternating wavy and straight rays, often represented "<i>in his splendour</i>" (<i>i.e.</i> with a face). The <a href="/wiki/Moon" title="Moon">moon</a> "in her plenitude" (full) sometimes appears, distinguished from a <i>roundel argent</i> by having a face; but <a href="/wiki/Crescent" title="Crescent">crescents</a> occur much more frequently. <i><a href="/wiki/Star_(heraldry)" title="Star (heraldry)">Estoiles</a></i> are stars with six wavy rays, while <i>stars</i> (when they occur under that name) have straight rays usually numbering five in British and North American heraldry and six in continental European heraldry. <a href="/wiki/Cloud" title="Cloud">Clouds</a> often occur, though more frequently for people or animals to stand on or issue from than as isolated charges.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>k<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The raindrop as such is unknown, though drops of fluid (<i><a href="/wiki/Goutte" title="Goutte">goutte</a></i>) is known. These occasionally appear as a charge, but more frequently constitute a <a href="/wiki/Variation_of_the_field#Semé" title="Variation of the field">field semé</a> (known as <i>goutté</i>). The <a href="/wiki/Snowflake" title="Snowflake">snowflake</a> occurs in modern heraldry, sometimes blazoned as a "snow crystal" or "ice crystal". </p><p>The oldest geological charge is the <i>mount</i>, typically a green hilltop rising from the lower edge of the field, providing a place for a beast, building or tree to stand. This feature is exceedingly common in Hungarian arms. Natural mountains and boulders are not unknown, though ranges of mountains are differently shown. An example is the arms of <a href="/wiki/Edinburgh" title="Edinburgh">Edinburgh</a>, portraying <a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_Castle" title="Edinburgh Castle">Edinburgh Castle</a> atop <a href="/wiki/Castle_Rock,_Edinburgh" class="mw-redirect" title="Castle Rock, Edinburgh">Castle Rock</a>. <a href="/wiki/Volcano" title="Volcano">Volcanos</a> are shown, almost without exception, as erupting, and the eruption is generally quite stylised. In the 18th century, <i>landscapes</i> began to appear in armory, often depicting the sites of battles. For example, Admiral <a href="/wiki/Horatio_Nelson,_1st_Viscount_Nelson" title="Horatio Nelson, 1st Viscount Nelson">Horatio Nelson, 1st Viscount Nelson</a> received a chief of augmentation containing a landscape alluding to the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Nile" title="Battle of the Nile">Battle of the Nile</a>. </p><p>By far the most frequent building in heraldry is the <i><a href="/wiki/Tower" title="Tower">tower</a></i>, a tapering cylinder of masonry topped with <a href="/wiki/Battlement" title="Battlement">battlements</a>, usually having a door and a few windows. The canting arms of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Castile" title="Kingdom of Castile">Kingdom of Castile</a> are <i>Gules, a tower triple-turreted Or</i> (<i>i.e.</i> three small towers standing atop a larger one). A <a href="/wiki/Castle" title="Castle">castle</a> is generally shown as two towers joined by a wall, the doorway often shown secured by a <a href="/wiki/Portcullis" title="Portcullis">portcullis</a>. The portcullis was used as a canting badge by the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Tudor" title="House of Tudor">House of Tudor</a> ("two-doors"), and has since come to represent the British Parliament. The modern <a href="/wiki/Rook_(chess)" title="Rook (chess)">chess-rook</a> would be indistinguishable from a tower; the heraldic chess rook, based on the medieval form of the piece, instead of battlements, has two outward-splayed "horns". Civic and ecclesiastical armory sometimes shows a <a href="/wiki/Church_(building)" title="Church (building)">church</a> or a whole town, and cities, towns and Scots burghs often bear a <a href="/wiki/Mural_crown" title="Mural crown">mural crown</a> (a crown in the form of a wall with battlements or turrets) in place of a crown over the shield. <a href="/wiki/Ship" title="Ship">Ships</a> of various types often appear; the most frequent being the ancient galley often called, from the Gaelic, a <a href="/wiki/Lymphad" title="Lymphad">lymphad</a>. Also frequent are <a href="/wiki/Anchor" title="Anchor">anchors</a> and <a href="/wiki/Oar" title="Oar">oars</a>. </p><p>The <i>maunch</i> is a 12th-century lady's sleeve style. Its use in heraldry arose from the custom of the knights who attended tournaments wearing their ladies sleeves, as "gages d'amour" (tokens of love). This fashion of sleeve would later evolve into <a href="/wiki/Tippet" title="Tippet">Tippet</a>-style stoles. In French blazon this charge is sometimes informally referred to as <i>manche mal taillée</i> (a sleeve badly cut).<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Spur" title="Spur">Spurs</a> also occur, sometimes "winged", but more frequently occurring is the <i>spur-rowel</i> or <i>spur-revel</i>, which is said to more often termed a "<a href="/wiki/Star_(heraldry)" title="Star (heraldry)">mullet</a> of five points pierced" by English heralds.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Crown_(heraldry)" title="Crown (heraldry)">Crowns</a> and <a href="/wiki/Coronet" title="Coronet">coronets</a> of various kinds are constantly seen. The ecclesiastical <a href="/wiki/Hat" title="Hat">hat</a> and bishop's <a href="/wiki/Mitre" title="Mitre">mitre</a> are nearly ubiquitous in <a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastical_heraldry" title="Ecclesiastical heraldry">ecclesiastical heraldry</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Sword" title="Sword">sword</a> is sometimes a symbol of authority, as in the royal arms of the <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a>, but may also allude to <a href="/wiki/Paul_the_Apostle" title="Paul the Apostle">Saint Paul</a>, as the patron of a town (e.g. <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>) or dedicatee of a church. Sometimes it is shown with a key, because Saints Peter and Paul are paired together. Other weapons occur more often in modern than in earlier heraldry. The <a href="/wiki/Mace_(bludgeon)" title="Mace (bludgeon)">mace</a> also appears as a weapon, the war mace, in addition to its appearance as a symbol of authority, plain mace. The <i><a href="/wiki/Globus_cruciger" title="Globus cruciger">globus cruciger</a></i>, also variously called an <i>orb</i>, a <i>royal orb</i>, or a <i>mound</i> (from French <i>monde</i>, Latin <i>mundus</i>, the world) is a ball or globe surmounted by a cross, which is part of the regalia of an emperor or king, and is the emblem of sovereign authority and majesty.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Book" title="Book">Books</a> constantly occur, most frequently in the arms of <a href="/wiki/College" title="College">colleges</a> and <a href="/wiki/University" title="University">universities</a>, though the <a href="/wiki/Gospel" title="Gospel">Gospel</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bible" title="Bible">Bible</a> are sometimes distinguished. Books if open may be inscribed with words. Words and phrases are otherwise rare, except in Spanish and Portuguese armory. Letters of the various alphabets are also relatively rare. Arms of merchants in Poland and eastern Germany are often based on <a href="/wiki/House_mark" title="House mark">house marks</a>, abstract symbols resembling <a href="/wiki/Runes" class="mw-redirect" title="Runes">runes</a>, though they are almost never blazoned as runes, but as combinations of other heraldic charges. Musical instruments commonly seen are the <a href="/wiki/Harp" title="Harp">harp</a> (as in the <a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Ireland" title="Coat of arms of Ireland">coat of arms of Ireland</a>), <a href="/wiki/Bell" title="Bell">bell</a> and <a href="/wiki/Trumpet" title="Trumpet">trumpet</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Drum" title="Drum">drum</a>, almost without exception, is of the field drum type. Since musical notation is a comparatively recent invention, it is not found in early heraldry, though it does appear in 20th century heraldry. </p><p>Japanese <a href="/wiki/Mon_(emblem)" title="Mon (emblem)">mon</a> are sometimes used as heraldic charges. They are blazoned in traditional heraldic style rather than in the Japanese style.<sup id="cite_ref-Tsubouchi_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tsubouchi-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional center"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 135px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 130px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blason_Famille_de_la_Bl%C3%A9tonni%C3%A8re.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Anchor"><img alt="Anchor" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Blason_Famille_de_la_Bl%C3%A9tonni%C3%A8re.svg/100px-Blason_Famille_de_la_Bl%C3%A9tonni%C3%A8re.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Blason_Famille_de_la_Bl%C3%A9tonni%C3%A8re.svg/150px-Blason_Famille_de_la_Bl%C3%A9tonni%C3%A8re.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Blason_Famille_de_la_Bl%C3%A9tonni%C3%A8re.svg/200px-Blason_Famille_de_la_Bl%C3%A9tonni%C3%A8re.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Anchor</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 135px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 130px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Luven_wappen.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Book with letters"><img alt="Book with letters" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Luven_wappen.svg/100px-Luven_wappen.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Luven_wappen.svg/150px-Luven_wappen.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Luven_wappen.svg/200px-Luven_wappen.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="438" data-file-height="480" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Book with letters</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 135px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 130px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blason_Lassay-les-Ch%C3%A2teaux_53.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Caduceus"><img alt="Caduceus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Blason_Lassay-les-Ch%C3%A2teaux_53.svg/100px-Blason_Lassay-les-Ch%C3%A2teaux_53.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Blason_Lassay-les-Ch%C3%A2teaux_53.svg/150px-Blason_Lassay-les-Ch%C3%A2teaux_53.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Blason_Lassay-les-Ch%C3%A2teaux_53.svg/200px-Blason_Lassay-les-Ch%C3%A2teaux_53.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Caduceus</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 135px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 130px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blason_ville_fr_Coustaussa_(Aude).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Chess rook"><img alt="Chess rook" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Blason_ville_fr_Coustaussa_%28Aude%29.svg/100px-Blason_ville_fr_Coustaussa_%28Aude%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Blason_ville_fr_Coustaussa_%28Aude%29.svg/150px-Blason_ville_fr_Coustaussa_%28Aude%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Blason_ville_fr_Coustaussa_%28Aude%29.svg/200px-Blason_ville_fr_Coustaussa_%28Aude%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Chess rook</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 135px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 130px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:GrenvilleArms_ModernClarions.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Three clarions"><img alt="Three clarions" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/GrenvilleArms_ModernClarions.png/100px-GrenvilleArms_ModernClarions.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="111" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/GrenvilleArms_ModernClarions.png/150px-GrenvilleArms_ModernClarions.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/GrenvilleArms_ModernClarions.png/200px-GrenvilleArms_ModernClarions.png 2x" data-file-width="545" data-file-height="605" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Three clarions</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 135px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 130px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Vestfold_v%C3%A5pen.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Crown"><img alt="Crown" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Vestfold_v%C3%A5pen.svg/100px-Vestfold_v%C3%A5pen.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="119" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Vestfold_v%C3%A5pen.svg/150px-Vestfold_v%C3%A5pen.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Vestfold_v%C3%A5pen.svg/200px-Vestfold_v%C3%A5pen.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="420" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Crown</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 135px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 130px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blason-gueules-escarboucle-or.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Escarbuncle"><img alt="Escarbuncle" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Blason-gueules-escarboucle-or.svg/100px-Blason-gueules-escarboucle-or.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Blason-gueules-escarboucle-or.svg/150px-Blason-gueules-escarboucle-or.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Blason-gueules-escarboucle-or.svg/200px-Blason-gueules-escarboucle-or.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Escarbuncle</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 135px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 130px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_canton_of_St._Gallen.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Fasces"><img alt="Fasces" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Coat_of_arms_of_canton_of_St._Gallen.svg/96px-Coat_of_arms_of_canton_of_St._Gallen.svg.png" decoding="async" width="96" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Coat_of_arms_of_canton_of_St._Gallen.svg/143px-Coat_of_arms_of_canton_of_St._Gallen.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Coat_of_arms_of_canton_of_St._Gallen.svg/191px-Coat_of_arms_of_canton_of_St._Gallen.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="541" data-file-height="679" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Fasces</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 135px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 130px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Becherbach_(Pf)_CoA.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="fire basket (heraldry)"><img alt="fire basket (heraldry)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Becherbach_%28Pf%29_CoA.svg/100px-Becherbach_%28Pf%29_CoA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="101" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Becherbach_%28Pf%29_CoA.svg/150px-Becherbach_%28Pf%29_CoA.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Becherbach_%28Pf%29_CoA.svg/200px-Becherbach_%28Pf%29_CoA.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="789" data-file-height="793" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Fire_basket_(heraldry)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fire basket (heraldry)">fire basket (heraldry)</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 135px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 130px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blason_Arpajon_ancien.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Harp"><img alt="Harp" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Blason_Arpajon_ancien.svg/100px-Blason_Arpajon_ancien.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Blason_Arpajon_ancien.svg/150px-Blason_Arpajon_ancien.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Blason_Arpajon_ancien.svg/200px-Blason_Arpajon_ancien.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Harp</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 135px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 130px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blason_ville_Cluny_ancien.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Keys addorsed"><img alt="Keys addorsed" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Blason_ville_Cluny_ancien.svg/100px-Blason_ville_Cluny_ancien.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Blason_ville_Cluny_ancien.svg/150px-Blason_ville_Cluny_ancien.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Blason_ville_Cluny_ancien.svg/200px-Blason_ville_Cluny_ancien.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Keys addorsed</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 135px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 130px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Arran_arms.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Lymphad"><img alt="Lymphad" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Arran_arms.svg/100px-Arran_arms.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Arran_arms.svg/150px-Arran_arms.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Arran_arms.svg/200px-Arran_arms.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="563" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Lymphad</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 135px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 130px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Arms_of_the_Earl_of_Huntingdon.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Maunch"><img alt="Maunch" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Arms_of_the_Earl_of_Huntingdon.svg/100px-Arms_of_the_Earl_of_Huntingdon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="116" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Arms_of_the_Earl_of_Huntingdon.svg/150px-Arms_of_the_Earl_of_Huntingdon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Arms_of_the_Earl_of_Huntingdon.svg/200px-Arms_of_the_Earl_of_Huntingdon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="430" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Maunch</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 135px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 130px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blason_ville_It_Monza_(vieux).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Moon in her plenitude"><img alt="Moon in her plenitude" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Blason_ville_It_Monza_%28vieux%29.svg/100px-Blason_ville_It_Monza_%28vieux%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Blason_ville_It_Monza_%28vieux%29.svg/150px-Blason_ville_It_Monza_%28vieux%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Blason_ville_It_Monza_%28vieux%29.svg/200px-Blason_ville_It_Monza_%28vieux%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="563" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Moon <i>in her plenitude</i></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 135px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 130px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blason_ville_fr_L%E2%80%99Absie_79.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portcullis"><img alt="Portcullis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Blason_ville_fr_L%E2%80%99Absie_79.svg/100px-Blason_ville_fr_L%E2%80%99Absie_79.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Blason_ville_fr_L%E2%80%99Absie_79.svg/150px-Blason_ville_fr_L%E2%80%99Absie_79.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Blason_ville_fr_L%E2%80%99Absie_79.svg/200px-Blason_ville_fr_L%E2%80%99Absie_79.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Portcullis</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 135px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 130px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mullsj%C3%B6_vapen.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Snow crystal"><img alt="Snow crystal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Mullsj%C3%B6_vapen.svg/99px-Mullsj%C3%B6_vapen.svg.png" decoding="async" width="99" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Mullsj%C3%B6_vapen.svg/149px-Mullsj%C3%B6_vapen.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Mullsj%C3%B6_vapen.svg/198px-Mullsj%C3%B6_vapen.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="251" data-file-height="304" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Snow crystal</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 135px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 130px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blason_famille_fr_Channac_de_la_Selve.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Spur"><img alt="Spur" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Blason_famille_fr_Channac_de_la_Selve.svg/100px-Blason_famille_fr_Channac_de_la_Selve.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Blason_famille_fr_Channac_de_la_Selve.svg/150px-Blason_famille_fr_Channac_de_la_Selve.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Blason_famille_fr_Channac_de_la_Selve.svg/200px-Blason_famille_fr_Channac_de_la_Selve.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Spur</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 135px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 130px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blason-azur-soleil-or.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Sun in his splendour"><img alt="Sun in his splendour" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Blason-azur-soleil-or.svg/100px-Blason-azur-soleil-or.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Blason-azur-soleil-or.svg/150px-Blason-azur-soleil-or.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Blason-azur-soleil-or.svg/200px-Blason-azur-soleil-or.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Sun <i>in his splendour</i></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 135px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 130px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blason_Famille_de_Villeneuve.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Sword"><img alt="Sword" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Blason_Famille_de_Villeneuve.svg/100px-Blason_Famille_de_Villeneuve.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Blason_Famille_de_Villeneuve.svg/150px-Blason_Famille_de_Villeneuve.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Blason_Famille_de_Villeneuve.svg/200px-Blason_Famille_de_Villeneuve.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Sword</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 135px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 130px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:CoA_civ_ITA_brunico.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Tower on a mount"><img alt="Tower on a mount" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/CoA_civ_ITA_brunico.png/93px-CoA_civ_ITA_brunico.png" decoding="async" width="93" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/CoA_civ_ITA_brunico.png/140px-CoA_civ_ITA_brunico.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/CoA_civ_ITA_brunico.png/187px-CoA_civ_ITA_brunico.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="514" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Tower on a mount</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 135px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 130px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:DEU_Erfurt_COA.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wheel"><img alt="Wheel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/DEU_Erfurt_COA.svg/100px-DEU_Erfurt_COA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="118" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/DEU_Erfurt_COA.svg/150px-DEU_Erfurt_COA.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/DEU_Erfurt_COA.svg/200px-DEU_Erfurt_COA.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="604" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Wheel</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charge_(heraldry)&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ordinary_(heraldry)" title="Ordinary (heraldry)">Ordinary (heraldry)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attitude_(heraldry)" title="Attitude (heraldry)">Attitude (heraldry)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eagle_(heraldry)" title="Eagle (heraldry)">Eagle (heraldry)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lion_(heraldry)" title="Lion (heraldry)">Lion (heraldry)</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charge_(heraldry)&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">As in the coat of arms of the 432d Reconnaissance Group of the United States Air Force.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMaurer1983303_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMaurer1983303-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Woodcock, himself apparently one such author, lists Leigh, Holme, Guillim and Edmondson among these, while other prominent authors such as Fox-Davies shun the distinction as an arbitrary and unuseful practice.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Marks of cadency differ from country to country, but are largely the same in Britain and France, and similar in other European countries outside of the German-speaking (and Nordic) countries, where brisures on the shield were less common and different crests were often adopted to indicate the difference.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEvon_Volborth198176_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEvon_Volborth198176-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It should also be noted that the English system of cadency, by which the use of the label to indicate the first son is best known, was not developed until the <a href="/wiki/Tudor_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Tudor dynasty">Tudor dynasty</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWoodwardBurnett1894444_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWoodwardBurnett1894444-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See the arms of William de Valence, Earl of Pembroke in <a href="#CITEREFFox-Davies1909">Fox-Davies (1909</a>, fig. 120) for an example of this.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The arms of Marija Bistrica depicting the black Madonna can be found at <a href="#CITEREFHeimer2018">Heimer (2018)</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">In his July 15, 2005 blog article <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1252/is_13_132/ai_n27858944/">"Is that a Moor's head?"</a>, Mathew N. Schmalz refers to a discussion on the American Heraldry Society's web site where at least one participant described the moor's head as a "potentially explosive image."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See also <a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Coats_of_arms_of_the_House_of_Colleoni">Coats of arms of the House of Colleoni</a> at <a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons">Wikimedia Commons</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The town of <a href="/wiki/Waiblingen" title="Waiblingen">Waiblingen</a> was granted arms in 1957 displaying a triple-headed eagle said to represent the dukes of Swabia, seen <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ngw.nl/int/dld/kreis/waibling.htm">here</a>, and the arms of <a href="/wiki/Reinmar_von_Zweter" title="Reinmar von Zweter">Reinmar von Zweter</a>, depicted in the Codex Manesse, can be seen <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://diglit.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/diglit/cpg848/0641?sid=257363d1489314b86c924303d5110f79">here</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">'Gyronny of eight ermine and gules - in each of the last four gyrons a bee volant en arriere argent' was recorded in the 1670s, well before Napoleon Bonaparte's time.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">An example of a tree "erased" can be found <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.gg.ca/heraldry/pub-reg/project-pic.asp?lang=e&ProjectID=595&ProjectElementID=2099">here</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Any notion of a mushroom or "atomic cloud" is of relatively recent vintage.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMaurer1983372_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMaurer1983372-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charge_(heraldry)&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMaurer1983303-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMaurer1983303_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMaurer1983">Maurer (1983)</a>, p. 303.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMaurer1983393-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMaurer1983393_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMaurer1983">Maurer (1983)</a>, p. 393.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMaurer198321-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMaurer198321_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMaurer1983">Maurer (1983)</a>, p. 21.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMaurer1983261-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMaurer1983261_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMaurer1983">Maurer (1983)</a>, p. 261.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160813200534/http://www.tioh.hqda.pentagon.mil/Catalog/HeraldryMulti.aspx?CategoryId=10275&grp=2&menu=Uniformed">"961st Engineer Battalion"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tioh.hqda.pentagon.mil/Catalog/HeraldryMulti.aspx?CategoryId=10275&grp=2&menu=Uniformed">the original</a> on 2016-08-13.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=961st+Engineer+Battalion&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tioh.hqda.pentagon.mil%2FCatalog%2FHeraldryMulti.aspx%3FCategoryId%3D10275%26grp%3D2%26menu%3DUniformed&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACharge+%28heraldry%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMaurer1983339-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMaurer1983339_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMaurer1983">Maurer (1983)</a>, p. 339.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMaurer1983163-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMaurer1983163_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMaurer1983">Maurer (1983)</a>, p. 163.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-uklo-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-uklo_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-uklo_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.uklo.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/2018_R2.1-Heraldry.pdf">The UK Linguistics Olympiad 2018</a> on <i>www.uklo.org</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fox-Davies107-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Fox-Davies107_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fox-Davies107_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFox-Davies1909">Fox-Davies (1909)</a>, p. 107</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Woodcock58-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Woodcock58_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Woodcock58_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWoodcockRobinson1988">Woodcock & Robinson (1988)</a>, p. 58</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWoodcockRobinson1988">Woodcock & Robinson (1988)</a>, pp. 58–61</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFvon_Volborth1981">von Volborth (1981)</a>, pp. 18–19</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBoutell1890">Boutell (1890)</a>, p. 20</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFClark1892">Clark (1892)</a>, p. 16</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEvon_Volborth198176-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEvon_Volborth198176_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFvon_Volborth1981">von Volborth (1981)</a>, p. 76.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWoodwardBurnett1894444-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWoodwardBurnett1894444_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWoodwardBurnett1894">Woodward & Burnett (1894)</a>, p. 444.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fox-Davies296-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Fox-Davies296_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFox-Davies1909">Fox-Davies (1909)</a>, pp. 295–296</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFox-Davies1909">Fox-Davies (1909)</a>, p. 127</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFox-Davies1909">Fox-Davies (1909)</a>, pp. 128–9</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDouglas1764" class="citation book cs1">Douglas, Robert (1764). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/peerageofscotlan00doug"><i>The peerage of Scotland : containing an historical and genealogical account of the nobility of that kingdom, from their origin to the present generation: collected from the public records, and ancient chartularies of this nation, the charters, and other writings of the nobility, and the works of our best historians ...</i></a> Edinburgh: R. Fleming.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+peerage+of+Scotland+%3A+containing+an+historical+and+genealogical+account+of+the+nobility+of+that+kingdom%2C+from+their+origin+to+the+present+generation%3A+collected+from+the+public+records%2C+and+ancient+chartularies+of+this+nation%2C+the+charters%2C+and+other+writings+of+the+nobility%2C+and+the+works+of+our+best+historians+...&rft.place=Edinburgh&rft.pub=R.+Fleming&rft.date=1764&rft.aulast=Douglas&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fpeerageofscotlan00doug&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACharge+%28heraldry%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFParker" class="citation web cs1">Parker, James. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.heraldsnet.org/saitou/parker/Jpglossm.htm#Man">"Man"</a>. <i>A Glossary of Terms Used in Heraldry</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-01-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=A+Glossary+of+Terms+Used+in+Heraldry&rft.atitle=Man&rft.aulast=Parker&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.heraldsnet.org%2Fsaitou%2Fparker%2FJpglossm.htm%23Man&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACharge+%28heraldry%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-VAM-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-VAM_27-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-VAM_27-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-VAM_27-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vam.ac.uk/content/articles/a/africans-in-medieval-and-renaissance-art-moors-head/">"Africans in medieval & Renaissance art: the Moor's head"</a>. Victoria and Albert Museum<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-01-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Africans+in+medieval+%26+Renaissance+art%3A+the+Moor%27s+head&rft.pub=Victoria+and+Albert+Museum&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.vam.ac.uk%2Fcontent%2Farticles%2Fa%2Fafricans-in-medieval-and-renaissance-art-moors-head%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACharge+%28heraldry%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://heraldry.sca.org/sena.html#A7">"Part IX: Offensive Armory"</a>. <i>Rules for Submissions of the College of Arms of the Society for Creative Anachronism, Inc</i>. 2008-04-02<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-01-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Rules+for+Submissions+of+the+College+of+Arms+of+the+Society+for+Creative+Anachronism%2C+Inc.&rft.atitle=Part+IX%3A+Offensive+Armory&rft.date=2008-04-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fheraldry.sca.org%2Fsena.html%23A7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACharge+%28heraldry%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWoodwardBurnett1894">Woodward & Burnett (1894)</a>, p. 203</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Altieri, Ferdinando (1726). <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openlibrary.org/details/dizionarioitali00altigoog">Dizionario italiano ed inglese: A dictionary Italian and English</a></i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNeubecker1976">Neubecker (1976)</a>, p. 110</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNeubecker1976">Neubecker (1976)</a>, p. 83</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://scottishritemasons-can.org/eagle.htm"><bdi lang="ja">ＦＸで儲けを得るための手段とは？</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%EF%BC%A6%EF%BC%B8%E3%81%A7%E5%84%B2%E3%81%91%E3%82%92%E5%BE%97%E3%82%8B%E3%81%9F%E3%82%81%E3%81%AE%E6%89%8B%E6%AE%B5%E3%81%A8%E3%81%AF%EF%BC%9F&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fscottishritemasons-can.org%2Feagle.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACharge+%28heraldry%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPierre_Mollier2004" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Mollier" title="Pierre Mollier">Pierre Mollier</a> (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pierre.mollier.perso.sfr.fr/articles/PM-12-Double-Headed-Eagle.pdf">"The Double-Headed Eagle: iconographic sources of the masonic symbol"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>The Chain of Union</i> (Special issue No.3): 5–15<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-10-30</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Chain+of+Union&rft.atitle=The+Double-Headed+Eagle%3A+iconographic+sources+of+the+masonic+symbol&rft.issue=Special+issue+No.3&rft.pages=5-15&rft.date=2004&rft.au=Pierre+Mollier&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpierre.mollier.perso.sfr.fr%2Farticles%2FPM-12-Double-Headed-Eagle.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACharge+%28heraldry%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFox-Davies1909">Fox-Davies (1909)</a>, p. 242</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCussans2003">Cussans (2003)</a>, p. 93</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJacqueline_Fearn" class="citation book cs1">Jacqueline Fearn. <i>Discovering Heraldry</i> (1988 ed.). Shire Publications Ltd. pp. 35–6.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Discovering+Heraldry&rft.pages=35-6&rft.edition=1988&rft.pub=Shire+Publications+Ltd&rft.au=Jacqueline+Fearn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACharge+%28heraldry%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMacKinnon1966" class="citation book cs1">MacKinnon, Charles (1966). <i>The Observer's Book of Heraldry</i>. Frederick Warne and Co. p. 67.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Observer%27s+Book+of+Heraldry&rft.pages=67&rft.pub=Frederick+Warne+and+Co&rft.date=1966&rft.aulast=MacKinnon&rft.aufirst=Charles&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACharge+%28heraldry%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rietstap-1884-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-rietstap-1884_43-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRietstap1884">Rietstap (1884)</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/armorialgnra01rietuoft/page/n33">XXXI</a>, "Vilené: se dit un animal qui a la marque du sexe d'un autre émail que le corps"; translating roughly to "Vilené: when an animal has its genitals in another color than the body"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVelde" class="citation web cs1">Velde, Francois R. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.heraldica.org/topics/sex.htm">"Sex in Heraldry"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sex+in+Heraldry&rft.aulast=Velde&rft.aufirst=Francois+R&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.heraldica.org%2Ftopics%2Fsex.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACharge+%28heraldry%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fox-Davies291-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Fox-Davies291_46-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fox-Davies291_46-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fox-Davies291_46-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fox-Davies291_46-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFox-Davies1909">Fox-Davies (1909)</a>, p. 291</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMaurer1983372-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMaurer1983372_47-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMaurer1983">Maurer (1983)</a>, p. 372.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRietstap1884">Rietstap (1884)</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/armorialgnra01rietuoft/page/n27">page XXV</a>; <a href="#CITEREFWoodwardBurnett1894">Woodward & Burnett (1894)</a>, p. 376</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFox-Davies1909">Fox-Davies (1909)</a>, p. 286</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFClark1892">Clark (1892)</a>, p. 164</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Tsubouchi-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Tsubouchi_52-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://reg.gg.ca/heraldry/pub-reg/project.asp?lang=e&ProjectID=1678&ShowAll=1"><i>Tsubouchi, David Hiroshi (Canadian register of arms)</i></a></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charge_(heraldry)&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoutell1890" class="citation book cs1">Boutell, Charles (1890). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/heraldryancientm00boutrich"><i>Heraldry, Ancient and Modern: Including Boutell's Heraldry</i></a>. London: Frederick Warne. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/6102523">6102523</a> – via Internet Archive.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Heraldry%2C+Ancient+and+Modern%3A+Including+Boutell%27s+Heraldry&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Frederick+Warne&rft.date=1890&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F6102523&rft.aulast=Boutell&rft.aufirst=Charles&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fheraldryancientm00boutrich&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACharge+%28heraldry%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrooke-Little1985" class="citation book cs1">Brooke-Little, J P (1985) [1975]. <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/heraldicalphabet0000broo"><i>An heraldic alphabet</i></a></span> (New and revised ed.). London: Robson Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780860513209" title="Special:BookSources/9780860513209"><bdi>9780860513209</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+heraldic+alphabet&rft.place=London&rft.edition=New+and+revised&rft.pub=Robson+Books&rft.date=1985&rft.isbn=9780860513209&rft.aulast=Brooke-Little&rft.aufirst=J+P&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fheraldicalphabet0000broo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACharge+%28heraldry%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCussans2003" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_Edwin_Cussans" title="John Edwin Cussans">Cussans, John E.</a> (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/handbookofherald00cussrich"><i>Handbook of Heraldry</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Kessinger_Publishing" title="Kessinger Publishing">Kessinger Publishing</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7661-7338-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-7661-7338-0"><bdi>0-7661-7338-0</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/04024470">04024470</a> – via Internet Archive.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Handbook+of+Heraldry&rft.pub=Kessinger+Publishing&rft.date=2003&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F04024470&rft.isbn=0-7661-7338-0&rft.aulast=Cussans&rft.aufirst=John+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhandbookofherald00cussrich&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACharge+%28heraldry%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClark1892" class="citation book cs1">Clark, Hugh (1892) [1775]. Planché, J. R. (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/introductiontohe00clar"><i>An Introduction to Heraldry</i></a> (18th ed.). London: George Bell & Sons. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-4325-3999-X" title="Special:BookSources/1-4325-3999-X"><bdi>1-4325-3999-X</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/26005078">26005078</a> – via Internet Archive.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Introduction+to+Heraldry&rft.place=London&rft.edition=18th&rft.pub=George+Bell+%26+Sons&rft.date=1892&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F26005078&rft.isbn=1-4325-3999-X&rft.aulast=Clark&rft.aufirst=Hugh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fintroductiontohe00clar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACharge+%28heraldry%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFox-Davies1909" class="citation book cs1">Fox-Davies, Arthur Charles (1909). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/completeguidetoh00foxdrich"><i>A Complete Guide to Heraldry</i></a>. New York: Dodge Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-517-26643-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-517-26643-1"><bdi>0-517-26643-1</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/09023803">09023803</a> – via Internet Archive.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Complete+Guide+to+Heraldry&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Dodge+Publishing&rft.date=1909&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F09023803&rft.isbn=0-517-26643-1&rft.aulast=Fox-Davies&rft.aufirst=Arthur+Charles&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcompleteguidetoh00foxdrich&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACharge+%28heraldry%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHeimer2018" class="citation web cs1">Heimer, Zeljko (9 December 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://zeljko-heimer-fame.from.hr/descr/hr-kr2.html">"Krapina and Zagorje County - Communities"</a>. <i>The Flags & Arms of the Modern Era</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Flags+%26+Arms+of+the+Modern+Era&rft.atitle=Krapina+and+Zagorje+County+-+Communities&rft.date=2018-12-09&rft.aulast=Heimer&rft.aufirst=Zeljko&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fzeljko-heimer-fame.from.hr%2Fdescr%2Fhr-kr2.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACharge+%28heraldry%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMaurer1983" class="citation book cs1">Maurer, Maurer, ed. (1983). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/AirForceCombatUnitsOfWorldWarIi/"><i>Air Force Combat Units of World War II</i></a>. Washington, DC: Office of Air Force History. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780-912799025" title="Special:BookSources/9780-912799025"><bdi>9780-912799025</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Air+Force+Combat+Units+of+World+War+II&rft.place=Washington%2C+DC&rft.pub=Office+of+Air+Force+History&rft.date=1983&rft.isbn=9780-912799025&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2FAirForceCombatUnitsOfWorldWarIi%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACharge+%28heraldry%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNeubecker1976" class="citation book cs1">Neubecker, Ottfried (1976). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/guidetoheraldry00neub"><i>Heraldry: Sources, Symbols and Meaning</i></a></span>. Maidenhead, England: McGraw-Hill. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-07-046312-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-07-046312-3"><bdi>0-07-046312-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Heraldry%3A+Sources%2C+Symbols+and+Meaning&rft.place=Maidenhead%2C+England&rft.pub=McGraw-Hill&rft.date=1976&rft.isbn=0-07-046312-3&rft.aulast=Neubecker&rft.aufirst=Ottfried&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fguidetoheraldry00neub&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACharge+%28heraldry%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRietstap1884" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Rietstap, J. B. (1884). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/armorialgnra01rietuoft/"><i>Armorial général: précédé d'un Dictionnaire des termes du blason</i></a> (in French). Vol. 1. G. B. van Goor zonen. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/551247698">551247698</a> – via Internet Archive.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Armorial+g%C3%A9n%C3%A9ral%3A+pr%C3%A9c%C3%A9d%C3%A9+d%27un+Dictionnaire+des+termes+du+blason&rft.pub=G.+B.+van+Goor+zonen&rft.date=1884&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F551247698&rft.aulast=Rietstap&rft.aufirst=J.+B.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Farmorialgnra01rietuoft%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACharge+%28heraldry%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFvon_Volborth1981" class="citation book cs1">von Volborth, Carl-Alexander (1981). <i>Heraldry: Customs, Rules and Styles</i>. Poole, England: Blandford Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7137-0940-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-7137-0940-5"><bdi>0-7137-0940-5</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/81670212">81670212</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Heraldry%3A+Customs%2C+Rules+and+Styles&rft.place=Poole%2C+England&rft.pub=Blandford+Press.&rft.date=1981&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F81670212&rft.isbn=0-7137-0940-5&rft.aulast=von+Volborth&rft.aufirst=Carl-Alexander&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACharge+%28heraldry%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWoodcockRobinson1988" class="citation book cs1">Woodcock, Thomas; Robinson, John Martin (1988). <i>The Oxford Guide to Heraldry</i>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-211658-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-211658-4"><bdi>0-19-211658-4</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/88023554">88023554</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Guide+to+Heraldry&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1988&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F88023554&rft.isbn=0-19-211658-4&rft.aulast=Woodcock&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft.au=Robinson%2C+John+Martin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACharge+%28heraldry%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWoodwardBurnett1894" class="citation book cs1">Woodward, John; Burnett, George (1894) [1884]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/treatiseonherald00wooduoft"><i>Woodward's a treatise on heraldry, British and foreign: with English and French glossaries</i></a>. Edinburgh: W. & A. B. Johnson. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7153-4464-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-7153-4464-1"><bdi>0-7153-4464-1</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/02020303">02020303</a> – via Internet Archive.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Woodward%27s+a+treatise+on+heraldry%2C+British+and+foreign%3A+with+English+and+French+glossaries&rft.place=Edinburgh&rft.pub=W.+%26+A.+B.+Johnson&rft.date=1894&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F02020303&rft.isbn=0-7153-4464-1&rft.aulast=Woodward&rft.aufirst=John&rft.au=Burnett%2C+George&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ftreatiseonherald00wooduoft&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACharge+%28heraldry%29" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charge_(heraldry)&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBureau_of_Heraldry" class="citation web cs1">Bureau of Heraldry. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190724225126/https://www.nationalarchives.gov.za/node/65">"Gallery"</a>. <i>National Archives & Records Service of South Africa</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nationalarchives.gov.za/node/65">the original</a> on 2019-07-24<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-07-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Archives+%26+Records+Service+of+South+Africa&rft.atitle=Gallery&rft.au=Bureau+of+Heraldry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nationalarchives.gov.za%2Fnode%2F65&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACharge+%28heraldry%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCanadian_Heraldic_Authority" class="citation web cs1">Canadian Heraldic Authority. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://reg.gg.ca/heraldry/pub-reg/main.asp?lang=e">"Public Register of Arms, Flags and Badges of Canada"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Public+Register+of+Arms%2C+Flags+and+Badges+of+Canada&rft.au=Canadian+Heraldic+Authority&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Freg.gg.ca%2Fheraldry%2Fpub-reg%2Fmain.asp%3Flang%3De&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACharge+%28heraldry%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFriar1987" class="citation book cs1">Friar, Stephen, ed. (1987). <i>A New Dictionary of Heraldry</i>. Sherborne: Alphabooks.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+New+Dictionary+of+Heraldry&rft.place=Sherborne&rft.pub=Alphabooks&rft.date=1987&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACharge+%28heraldry%29" class="Z3988"></span>—Some illustrations of attitudes</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGreaves2000" class="citation book cs1">Greaves, Kevin (2000). <i>A Canadian Heraldic Primer</i>. Ottawa: Heraldry Society of Canada.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Canadian+Heraldic+Primer&rft.place=Ottawa&rft.pub=Heraldry+Society+of+Canada&rft.date=2000&rft.aulast=Greaves&rft.aufirst=Kevin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACharge+%28heraldry%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHeraldry_Society_(England)" class="citation web cs1">Heraldry Society (England). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theheraldrysociety.com/members-arms/">"Members' Roll of Arms"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Members%27+Roll+of+Arms&rft.au=Heraldry+Society+%28England%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theheraldrysociety.com%2Fmembers-arms%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACharge+%28heraldry%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHeraldry_Society_of_Scotland" class="citation web cs1">Heraldry Society of Scotland. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130507090132/http://heraldry-scotland.com/copgal/thumbnails.php?album=7">"HSS Members' - Scots Arms"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://heraldry-scotland.com/copgal/thumbnails.php?album=7">the original</a> on 2013-05-07<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-06-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=HSS+Members%27+-+Scots+Arms&rft.au=Heraldry+Society+of+Scotland&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fheraldry-scotland.com%2Fcopgal%2Fthumbnails.php%3Falbum%3D7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACharge+%28heraldry%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFInnes1956" class="citation book cs1">Innes, Sir Thomas (1956). <i>Scots Heraldry</i> (second ed.). Edinburgh: Oliver and Boyd.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Scots+Heraldry&rft.place=Edinburgh&rft.edition=second&rft.pub=Oliver+and+Boyd&rft.date=1956&rft.aulast=Innes&rft.aufirst=Sir+Thomas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACharge+%28heraldry%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoncreiffePottinger1953" class="citation book cs1">Moncreiffe, Iain; Pottinger, Don (1953). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/simpleheraldry00monc"><i>Simple Heraldry</i></a></span>. London and Edinburgh: Thomas Nelson and Sons.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Simple+Heraldry&rft.place=London+and+Edinburgh&rft.pub=Thomas+Nelson+and+Sons&rft.date=1953&rft.aulast=Moncreiffe&rft.aufirst=Iain&rft.au=Pottinger%2C+Don&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsimpleheraldry00monc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACharge+%28heraldry%29" class="Z3988"></span>—Many illustrations</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoyal_Heraldry_Society_of_Canada" class="citation web cs1">Royal Heraldry Society of Canada. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.heraldry.ca/main.php?pg=l1">"Members' Roll of Arms"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Members%27+Roll+of+Arms&rft.au=Royal+Heraldry+Society+of+Canada&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.heraldry.ca%2Fmain.php%3Fpg%3Dl1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACharge+%28heraldry%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYoung2005" class="citation web cs1">Young, Robert (12 May 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.civicheraldry.co.uk">"Civic Heraldry of England and Wales"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 July</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Civic+Heraldry+of+England+and+Wales&rft.date=2005-05-12&rft.aulast=Young&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.civicheraldry.co.uk&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACharge+%28heraldry%29" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charge_(heraldry)&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Charges_in_heraldry" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Charges in heraldry">Charges in heraldry</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Heraldry" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Heraldry" title="Template:Heraldry"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Heraldry" title="Template talk:Heraldry"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Heraldry" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Heraldry"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Heraldry" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Heraldry" title="Heraldry">Heraldry</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Heraldic_authority" title="Heraldic authority">Authorities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grant_of_arms" title="Grant of arms">Grant of arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_heraldry" title="History of heraldry">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_heraldic_arms" title="Law of heraldic arms">Law of arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Officer_of_arms" title="Officer of arms">Officers of arms</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/King_of_Arms" class="mw-redirect" title="King of Arms">King of Arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herald" title="Herald">herald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pursuivant" title="Pursuivant">pursuivant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Private_officer_of_arms" title="Private officer of arms">private</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Types</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_coat_of_arms" title="National coat of arms">National</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arms_of_dominion" title="Arms of dominion">dominion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civic_heraldry" title="Civic heraldry">civic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastical_heraldry" title="Ecclesiastical heraldry">Ecclesiastical</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Papal_armorial" class="mw-redirect" title="Papal armorial">papal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burgher_arms" title="Burgher arms">Burgher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_heraldry" title="Women in heraldry">Women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attributed_arms" title="Attributed arms">Attributed</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armiger" title="Armiger">Armiger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augmentation_of_honour" title="Augmentation of honour">Augmentation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abatement_(heraldry)" title="Abatement (heraldry)">abatement</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_and_modern_arms" title="Ancient and modern arms">Ancient and modern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arms_of_alliance" title="Arms of alliance">Alliance</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Heraldic_courtesy" title="Heraldic courtesy">courtesy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blazon" title="Blazon">Blazon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cadency" title="Cadency">Cadency</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marks_of_distinction" title="Marks of distinction">distinction</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canting_arms" title="Canting arms">Canting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Debased_heraldry" title="Debased heraldry">Debased</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Field_(heraldry)" title="Field (heraldry)">Field</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Division_of_the_field" title="Division of the field">divisions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Variation_of_the_field" title="Variation of the field">variations</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heraldic_fraud" title="Heraldic fraud">Fraud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heraldry#Marshalling" title="Heraldry">Marshalling</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Quartering_(heraldry)" title="Quartering (heraldry)">quartering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impalement_(heraldry)" title="Impalement (heraldry)">impalement</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Heraldic_traditions_by_country" title="Template:Heraldic traditions by country">National traditions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heraldry_societies" title="Heraldry societies">Societies</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Achievement_(heraldry)" title="Achievement (heraldry)">Achievement</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms" title="Coat of arms">Coat of arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crown_(heraldry)" title="Crown (heraldry)">Crowns and coronets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crest_(heraldry)" title="Crest (heraldry)">Crest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compartment_(heraldry)" title="Compartment (heraldry)">Compartment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Escutcheon_(heraldry)" title="Escutcheon (heraldry)">Escutcheon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helmet_(heraldry)" title="Helmet (heraldry)">Helmet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mantling" title="Mantling">Mantling</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mantle_and_pavilion_(heraldry)" title="Mantle and pavilion (heraldry)">pavilion</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motto" title="Motto">Motto</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Slogan_(heraldry)" title="Slogan (heraldry)">slogan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supporter" title="Supporter">Supporter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torse" title="Torse">Torse</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Charges</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Attitude_(heraldry)" title="Attitude (heraldry)">Attitudes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erasure_(heraldry)" class="mw-redirect" title="Erasure (heraldry)">Erasure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fimbriation" title="Fimbriation">Fimbriation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Line_(heraldry)" title="Line (heraldry)">Lines</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ordinary_(heraldry)" title="Ordinary (heraldry)">Ordinaries</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Annulet_(heraldry)" title="Annulet (heraldry)">Annulet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bar_(heraldry)" title="Bar (heraldry)">Bar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bend_(heraldry)" title="Bend (heraldry)">Bend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bordure" title="Bordure">Bordure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_(heraldry)" title="Canton (heraldry)">Canton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chevron_(insignia)" title="Chevron (insignia)">Chevron</a> (<a href="/wiki/%C5%81%C4%99kawica_(ordinary)" title="Łękawica (ordinary)">Łękawica</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compon%C3%A9e" title="Componée">Componée</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crosses_in_heraldry" title="Crosses in heraldry">Cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crozier_head" title="Crozier head">Crozier head</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_(heraldry)" title="Chief (heraldry)">Chief</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fess" title="Fess">Fess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flaunch" title="Flaunch">Flaunch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goutte" title="Goutte">Goutte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gyron" title="Gyron">Gyron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamade" title="Hamade">Hamade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inescutcheon" title="Inescutcheon">Inescutcheon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Label_(heraldry)" title="Label (heraldry)">Label</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lozenge_(heraldry)" title="Lozenge (heraldry)">Lozenge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orle_(heraldry)" title="Orle (heraldry)">Orle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pale_(heraldry)" title="Pale (heraldry)">Pale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pall_(heraldry)" title="Pall (heraldry)">Pall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pile_(heraldry)" title="Pile (heraldry)">Pile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roundel_(heraldry)" title="Roundel (heraldry)">Roundel</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bezant" title="Bezant">Bezant</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saltire" title="Saltire">Saltire</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Beasts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bear_in_heraldry" title="Bear in heraldry">Bear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boars_in_heraldry" title="Boars in heraldry">Boar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cattle#In_heraldry" title="Cattle">Bull/ox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hound_(heraldry)" title="Hound (heraldry)">Dog/hound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giraffe" title="Giraffe">Camelopard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deer#Heraldic" title="Deer">Hind/stag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kangaroo_emblems_and_popular_culture" title="Kangaroo emblems and popular culture">Kangaroo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leopard_(heraldry)" title="Leopard (heraldry)">Leopard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lion_(heraldry)" title="Lion (heraldry)">Lion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolves_in_heraldry" title="Wolves in heraldry">Wolf</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Birds</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alerion" title="Alerion">Alerion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_swan_emblems_and_popular_culture" title="Black swan emblems and popular culture">Black swan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rooster#Emblems" class="mw-redirect" title="Rooster">Cock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crow_(heraldry)" title="Crow (heraldry)">Crow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doves_as_symbols" title="Doves as symbols">Dove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eagle_(heraldry)" title="Eagle (heraldry)">Eagle</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Szaszor" title="Szaszor">Szaszor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Przepaska" class="mw-redirect" title="Przepaska">Przepaska</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martlet" title="Martlet">Martlet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pelican#Heraldry" title="Pelican">Pelican</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bee_(heraldry)" title="Bee (heraldry)">Bee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crapaud#Heraldry" title="Crapaud">Crapaudy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolphin_(heraldry)" title="Dolphin (heraldry)">Dolphin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emmet_(heraldry)" title="Emmet (heraldry)">Emmet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ged_(heraldry)" title="Ged (heraldry)">Ged</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esox#Heraldry" title="Esox">Lucy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portcullis#Heraldry" title="Portcullis">Portcullis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bat_(heraldry)" title="Bat (heraldry)">Reremouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scallop#Badge" title="Scallop">Scallop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serpent_symbolism#Flags_and_heraldry" title="Serpent symbolism">Serpent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolfsangel" title="Wolfsangel">Wolfsangel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Legendary_creature" title="Legendary creature">Legendary</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allocamelus" title="Allocamelus">Allocamelus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alphyn" title="Alphyn">Alphyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amphiptere" title="Amphiptere">Amphiptere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basilisk" title="Basilisk">Basilisk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biscione" title="Biscione">Biscione</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chollima" class="mw-redirect" title="Chollima">Chollima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cockatrice" title="Cockatrice">Cockatrice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dragon" title="Dragon">Dragon</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_dragon" title="Chinese dragon">Chinese</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enfield_(heraldry)" title="Enfield (heraldry)">Enfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garuda" title="Garuda">Garuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Griffin" title="Griffin">Griffin/Keythong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harpy" title="Harpy">Harpy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hippocampus_(mythology)" title="Hippocampus (mythology)">Hippocampus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hippogriff" title="Hippogriff">Hippogriff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lampago" title="Lampago">Lampago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lindworm" title="Lindworm">Lindworm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manticore" title="Manticore">Manticore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mermaid" title="Mermaid">Mermaid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musimon" title="Musimon">Musimon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ouroboros" title="Ouroboros">Ouroboros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pantheon_(mythical_creature)" title="Pantheon (mythical creature)">Pantheon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panther_(legendary_creature)" title="Panther (legendary creature)">Panther</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pegasus" title="Pegasus">Pegasus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phoenix_(mythology)" title="Phoenix (mythology)">Phoenix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salamanders_in_folklore" class="mw-redirect" title="Salamanders in folklore">Salamander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea-griffin" title="Sea-griffin">Sea-griffin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea-lion" title="Sea-lion">Sea-lion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyger_(heraldry)" title="Tyger (heraldry)">Tyger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unicorn" title="Unicorn">Unicorn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winged_lion" title="Winged lion">Winged lion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wild_man" title="Wild man">Woodwose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wyvern" title="Wyvern">Wyvern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yale_(mythical_creature)" title="Yale (mythical creature)">Yale</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Plants</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fleur-de-lis" title="Fleur-de-lis">Fleur-de-lis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laurel_wreath#As_used_in_heraldry" title="Laurel wreath">Laurel wreath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oak#Regional_and_state" title="Oak">Oak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quatrefoil" title="Quatrefoil">Quatrefoil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rose_(heraldry)" title="Rose (heraldry)">Rose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shamrock#Symbol_of_Ireland" title="Shamrock">Shamrock</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trefoil" title="Trefoil">Trefoil</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thistle#Heraldry" title="Thistle">Thistle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turnip#Heraldry" title="Turnip">Turnip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seeblatt" title="Seeblatt">Waterlily/Seeblatt</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Heraldic_knot" title="Heraldic knot">Knots</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bourchier_knot" title="Bourchier knot">Bourchier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bowen_knot" title="Bowen knot">Bowen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savoy_knot" title="Savoy knot">Cavendish/Savoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dacre_knot" title="Dacre knot">Dacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harrington_knot" title="Harrington knot">Harrington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungerford_knot" title="Hungerford knot">Hastings/Hungerford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heneage_knot" title="Heneage knot">Heneage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hinckaert_knot" title="Hinckaert knot">Hinckaert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungerford_knot" title="Hungerford knot">Hungerford knot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lacy_knot" title="Lacy knot">Lacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wake_knot" title="Wake knot">Ormonde/Wake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savoy_knot" title="Savoy knot">Savoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stafford_knot" title="Stafford knot">Stafford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bowen_knot" title="Bowen knot">Tristram/Bowen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wake_knot" title="Wake knot">Wake</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tincture_(heraldry)" title="Tincture (heraldry)">Tinctures</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rule_of_tincture" title="Rule of tincture">Rule of tincture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tricking" title="Tricking">Tricking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hatching_(heraldry)" title="Hatching (heraldry)">Hatching</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Metals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:white; color:black;"> </span><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:background: white; color:;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Argent" title="Argent">Argent</a> (white)</li> <li><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:gold; color:black;"> </span><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:background-color: white; background-image: radial-gradient(black 20%, transparent 0), radial-gradient(black 20%, transparent 0); background-size: 10px 10px; background-position: 0px 0px, 5px 5px;); color:;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Or_(heraldry)" title="Or (heraldry)">Or</a> (gold)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Colours</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:red; color:black;"> </span><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:white; background-image: repeating-linear-gradient(90deg, white 0, white 4px, black 4px, black 5px); color:;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Gules" title="Gules">Gules</a> (red)</li> <li><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:black; color:white;"> </span><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:white; background-image: repeating-linear-gradient(0deg, transparent 0, transparent 4px, black 4px, black 5px), repeating-linear-gradient(90deg, transparent 0, transparent 4px, black 4px, black 5px); color:;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Sable_(heraldry)" title="Sable (heraldry)">Sable</a> (black)</li> <li><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:blue; color:white;"> </span><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:white; background-image: repeating-linear-gradient(0deg, white 0, white 4px, black 4px, black 5px); color:;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Azure_(heraldry)" title="Azure (heraldry)">Azure</a> (blue)</li> <li><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:green; color:white;"> </span><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:white; background-image: repeating-linear-gradient(45deg, black 0, black 1px, white 1px, white 5px); color:;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Vert_(heraldry)" title="Vert (heraldry)">Vert</a> (green)</li> <li><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:purple; color:white;"> </span><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:white; background-image: repeating-linear-gradient(-45deg, black 0, black 1px, white 1px, white 5px); color:;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Purpure" title="Purpure">Purpure</a> (purple)<sup><small>1</small></sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tincture_(heraldry)#Furs" title="Tincture (heraldry)">Furs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Fourrure_h%C3%A9raldique_Hermine.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Fourrure_h%C3%A9raldique_Hermine.svg/7px-Fourrure_h%C3%A9raldique_Hermine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Fourrure_h%C3%A9raldique_Hermine.svg/11px-Fourrure_h%C3%A9raldique_Hermine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Fourrure_h%C3%A9raldique_Hermine.svg/14px-Fourrure_h%C3%A9raldique_Hermine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="110" data-file-height="250" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Ermine_(heraldry)" title="Ermine (heraldry)">Ermine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ermine_(heraldry)#Variations" title="Ermine (heraldry)">Ermines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ermine_(heraldry)#Variations" title="Ermine (heraldry)">Erminois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ermine_(heraldry)#Variations" title="Ermine (heraldry)">Erminites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ermine_(heraldry)#Variations" title="Ermine (heraldry)">Pean</a></li></ul></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Fourrure_h%C3%A9raldique_Vair.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Fourrure_h%C3%A9raldique_Vair.svg/15px-Fourrure_h%C3%A9raldique_Vair.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Fourrure_h%C3%A9raldique_Vair.svg/23px-Fourrure_h%C3%A9raldique_Vair.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Fourrure_h%C3%A9raldique_Vair.svg/30px-Fourrure_h%C3%A9raldique_Vair.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="188" data-file-height="195" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Vair" title="Vair">Vair</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vair#Potent" title="Vair">Potent</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Stains</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#8b004b; color:white;"> </span><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:white; background-image: repeating-linear-gradient(45deg, black 0, black 1px, transparent 1px, transparent 5px), repeating-linear-gradient(135deg, black 0, black 1px, transparent 1px, transparent 5px); color:;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Murrey" title="Murrey">Murrey</a> (mulberry)</li> <li><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:FireBrick; color:white;"> </span><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:white; background-image: repeating-linear-gradient(45deg, black 0, black 1px, transparent 1px, transparent 5px), repeating-linear-gradient(0deg, transparent 0, transparent 4px, black 4px, black 5px); color:;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Sanguine_(heraldry)" title="Sanguine (heraldry)">Sanguine</a> (blood red)</li> <li><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#c67000; color:black;"> </span><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:white; background-image: repeating-linear-gradient(45deg, black 0, black 1px, transparent 1px, transparent 5px), repeating-linear-gradient(90deg, transparent 0, transparent 4px, black 4px, black 5px); color:;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Tenn%C3%A9" title="Tenné">Tenné</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span style="font-weight: normal;">Rare metals<sup><small>1</small></sup></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#CDA8A5; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Copper_(heraldry)" title="Copper (heraldry)">Copper</a></li> <li><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#E0AB76; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Buff_(color)#U.S._Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Buff (color)">Buff</a> (metal in the United States)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span style="font-weight: normal;">Rare colours<sup><small>1</small></sup></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:skyblue; color:black;"> </span><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:white; background-image: repeating-linear-gradient(35deg, transparent 0, transparent 5px, white 5px, white 6px, transparent 5px, transparent 7px, white 7px, white 8px), repeating-linear-gradient(0deg, black 0, black 1px, transparent 1px, transparent 5px); color:;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Bleu_celeste" title="Bleu celeste">Bleu celeste</a></li> <li><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:sienna; color:white;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Brun%C3%A2tre" class="mw-redirect" title="Brunâtre">Brunâtre</a> (brown)</li> <li><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#E0AB76; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Buff_(color)#In_Canadian_heraldry" class="mw-redirect" title="Buff (color)">Buff</a> (color in Canada)</li> <li><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:grey; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Cendr%C3%A9e" title="Cendrée">Cendrée</a></li> <li><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#CC7722; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Ochre#In_heraldry" title="Ochre">Ochre</a></li> <li><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:Orange; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Orange_(heraldry)" title="Orange (heraldry)">Orange</a></li> <li><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:HotPink; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Rose_(heraldic_tincture)" title="Rose (heraldic tincture)">Rose</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span style="font-weight: normal;">Realistic</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tincture_(heraldry)#Proper" title="Tincture (heraldry)">Proper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carnation_(heraldry)" title="Carnation (heraldry)">Carnation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Applications</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bookplate" class="mw-redirect" title="Bookplate">Bookplate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Funerary_hatchment" title="Funerary hatchment">Hatchment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heraldic_flag" title="Heraldic flag">Flag</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banner_of_arms" title="Banner of arms">banner of arms</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heraldic_badge" title="Heraldic badge">Badge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roll_of_arms" title="Roll of arms">Roll of arms</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Illyrian_armorials" title="Illyrian armorials">Illyrian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seal_(emblem)" title="Seal (emblem)">Seal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Equestrian_seal" title="Equestrian seal">equestrian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabard" title="Tabard">Tabard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trophy_of_arms" title="Trophy of arms">Trophy of arms</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mon_(emblem)" title="Mon (emblem)">Mon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emblem" title="Emblem">Emblem</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_state_emblems" class="mw-redirect" title="Socialist state emblems">socialist</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Logotype" class="mw-redirect" title="Logotype">Logotype</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phaleristics" title="Phaleristics">Phaleristics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vexillology" title="Vexillology">Vexillology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigillography" title="Sigillography">Sigillography</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><sup><small>1</small></sup> Non-traditional, regional, or rarely used (sometimes considered unheraldic)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_oldest_heraldry" title="List of oldest heraldry">List of oldest heraldry</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Azure%2C_a_bend_Or.svg/14px-Azure%2C_a_bend_Or.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Azure%2C_a_bend_Or.svg/22px-Azure%2C_a_bend_Or.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Azure%2C_a_bend_Or.svg/29px-Azure%2C_a_bend_Or.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Heraldry" title="Portal:Heraldry">Heraldry portal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Heraldry/Web_resources" title="Portal:Heraldry/Web resources">resources</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" 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