CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs skin-theme-clientpref-day mf-expand-sections-clientpref-0 mf-font-size-clientpref-small mw-mf-amc-clientpref-0" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Shiraz - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js skin-theme-clientpref-day mf-expand-sections-clientpref-0 mf-font-size-clientpref-small mw-mf-amc-clientpref-0";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy","wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"23c6f37a-cb79-484f-8245-ec72b4915430","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Shiraz","wgTitle":"Shiraz","wgCurRevisionId":1253527099,"wgRevisionId":1253527099,"wgArticleId":39622,"wgIsArticle":true, "wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Shiraz","wgRelevantArticleId":39622,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFMode":"stable","wgMFAmc":false,"wgMFAmcOutreachActive":false,"wgMFAmcOutreachUserEligible":false,"wgMFLazyLoadImages":true,"wgMFEditNoticesFeatureConflict":false,"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgMFIsSupportedEditRequest":true,"wgMFScriptPath":"","wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false ,"wgWMEPageLength":70000,"wgCoordinates":{"lat":29.610000000000003,"lon":52.5425},"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":true,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgSectionTranslationMissingLanguages":[{"lang":"ace","autonym":"Acèh","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ady","autonym":"адыгабзэ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"alt","autonym":"алтай тил","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"am","autonym":"አማርኛ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ami","autonym":"Pangcah","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"an","autonym":"aragonés","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ann","autonym":"Obolo","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"anp","autonym":"अंगिका","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"as","autonym":"অসমীয়া","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"av","autonym":"авар","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"avk","autonym":"Kotava","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"awa","autonym":"अवधी","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ay","autonym":"Aymar aru","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ba","autonym":"башҡортса","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ban","autonym":"Basa Bali","dir":"ltr"},{"lang": "bar","autonym":"Boarisch","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bbc","autonym":"Batak Toba","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bcl","autonym":"Bikol Central","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bdr","autonym":"Bajau Sama","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bew","autonym":"Betawi","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bho","autonym":"भोजपुरी","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bi","autonym":"Bislama","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bjn","autonym":"Banjar","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"blk","autonym":"ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bm","autonym":"bamanankan","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bo","autonym":"བོད་ཡིག","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bpy","autonym":"বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"btm","autonym":"Batak Mandailing","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bug","autonym":"Basa Ugi","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"cdo","autonym":"閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ch","autonym":"Chamoru","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"chr","autonym":"ᏣᎳᎩ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"co","autonym":"corsu","dir":"ltr"},{ "lang":"cr","autonym":"Nēhiyawēwin / ᓀᐦᐃᔭᐍᐏᐣ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"crh","autonym":"qırımtatarca","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"cu","autonym":"словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"cy","autonym":"Cymraeg","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"dag","autonym":"dagbanli","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"dga","autonym":"Dagaare","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"din","autonym":"Thuɔŋjäŋ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"dsb","autonym":"dolnoserbski","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"dtp","autonym":"Kadazandusun","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"dv","autonym":"ދިވެހިބަސް","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"dz","autonym":"ཇོང་ཁ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ee","autonym":"eʋegbe","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"eml","autonym":"emiliàn e rumagnòl","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"fat","autonym":"mfantse","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ff","autonym":"Fulfulde","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"fj","autonym":"Na Vosa Vakaviti","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"fo","autonym":"føroyskt","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"fon","autonym":"fɔ̀ngbè","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"frp", "autonym":"arpetan","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"frr","autonym":"Nordfriisk","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"fur","autonym":"furlan","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"fy","autonym":"Frysk","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"gag","autonym":"Gagauz","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"gan","autonym":"贛語","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"gcr","autonym":"kriyòl gwiyannen","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"gn","autonym":"Avañe'ẽ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"gom","autonym":"गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"gor","autonym":"Bahasa Hulontalo","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"gpe","autonym":"Ghanaian Pidgin","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"gu","autonym":"ગુજરાતી","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"guc","autonym":"wayuunaiki","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"gur","autonym":"farefare","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"guw","autonym":"gungbe","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"gv","autonym":"Gaelg","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"hak","autonym":"客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"haw","autonym":"Hawaiʻi","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"hif","autonym":"Fiji Hindi","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"hsb" ,"autonym":"hornjoserbsce","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ht","autonym":"Kreyòl ayisyen","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"hyw","autonym":"Արեւմտահայերէն","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"iba","autonym":"Jaku Iban","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ie","autonym":"Interlingue","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ig","autonym":"Igbo","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"igl","autonym":"Igala","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ilo","autonym":"Ilokano","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"io","autonym":"Ido","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"iu","autonym":"ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"jam","autonym":"Patois","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"jv","autonym":"Jawa","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kab","autonym":"Taqbaylit","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kbd","autonym":"адыгэбзэ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kbp","autonym":"Kabɩyɛ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kcg","autonym":"Tyap","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kg","autonym":"Kongo","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kge","autonym":"Kumoring","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ki","autonym":"Gĩkũyũ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kl","autonym":"kalaallisut","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"km", "autonym":"ភាសាខ្មែរ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kn","autonym":"ಕನ್ನಡ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"koi","autonym":"перем коми","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"krc","autonym":"къарачай-малкъар","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ks","autonym":"कॉशुर / کٲشُر","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"kus","autonym":"Kʋsaal","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kv","autonym":"коми","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kw","autonym":"kernowek","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"lad","autonym":"Ladino","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"lb","autonym":"Lëtzebuergesch","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"lez","autonym":"лезги","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"lg","autonym":"Luganda","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"li","autonym":"Limburgs","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"lij","autonym":"Ligure","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"lld","autonym":"Ladin","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"lmo","autonym":"lombard","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ln","autonym":"lingála","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"lo","autonym":"ລາວ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ltg","autonym":"latgaļu","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mad","autonym": "Madhurâ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mai","autonym":"मैथिली","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"map-bms","autonym":"Basa Banyumasan","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mdf","autonym":"мокшень","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mhr","autonym":"олык марий","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"min","autonym":"Minangkabau","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mk","autonym":"македонски","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mn","autonym":"монгол","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mni","autonym":"ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mnw","autonym":"ဘာသာမန်","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mos","autonym":"moore","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mrj","autonym":"кырык мары","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mt","autonym":"Malti","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mwl","autonym":"Mirandés","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"my","autonym":"မြန်မာဘာသာ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"nah","autonym":"Nāhuatl","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"nan","autonym":"閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"nap","autonym":"Napulitano","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"nb","autonym": "norsk bokmål","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"nds","autonym":"Plattdüütsch","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"nds-nl","autonym":"Nedersaksies","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ne","autonym":"नेपाली","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"new","autonym":"नेपाल भाषा","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"nia","autonym":"Li Niha","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"nn","autonym":"norsk nynorsk","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"nqo","autonym":"ߒߞߏ","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"nr","autonym":"isiNdebele seSewula","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"nso","autonym":"Sesotho sa Leboa","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ny","autonym":"Chi-Chewa","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"oc","autonym":"occitan","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"om","autonym":"Oromoo","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"or","autonym":"ଓଡ଼ିଆ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"pag","autonym":"Pangasinan","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"pam","autonym":"Kapampangan","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"pap","autonym":"Papiamentu","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"pcd","autonym":"Picard","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"pcm","autonym":"Naijá","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"pdc","autonym":"Deitsch","dir": "ltr"},{"lang":"pms","autonym":"Piemontèis","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"pwn","autonym":"pinayuanan","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"rm","autonym":"rumantsch","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"rn","autonym":"ikirundi","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"rsk","autonym":"руски","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"rue","autonym":"русиньскый","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"rup","autonym":"armãneashti","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"rw","autonym":"Ikinyarwanda","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sa","autonym":"संस्कृतम्","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sah","autonym":"саха тыла","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sat","autonym":"ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"scn","autonym":"sicilianu","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sg","autonym":"Sängö","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sgs","autonym":"žemaitėška","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"shi","autonym":"Taclḥit","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"shn","autonym":"ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"si","autonym":"සිංහල","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"skr","autonym":"سرائیکی","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"sm","autonym": "Gagana Samoa","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"smn","autonym":"anarâškielâ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sn","autonym":"chiShona","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"so","autonym":"Soomaaliga","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"srn","autonym":"Sranantongo","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ss","autonym":"SiSwati","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"st","autonym":"Sesotho","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"stq","autonym":"Seeltersk","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"su","autonym":"Sunda","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tay","autonym":"Tayal","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tcy","autonym":"ತುಳು","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tdd","autonym":"ᥖᥭᥰ ᥖᥬᥲ ᥑᥨᥒᥰ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"te","autonym":"తెలుగు","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tet","autonym":"tetun","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ti","autonym":"ትግርኛ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tl","autonym":"Tagalog","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tly","autonym":"tolışi","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tn","autonym":"Setswana","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"to","autonym":"lea faka-Tonga","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tpi","autonym":"Tok Pisin","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"trv", "autonym":"Seediq","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ts","autonym":"Xitsonga","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tum","autonym":"chiTumbuka","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tw","autonym":"Twi","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ty","autonym":"reo tahiti","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tyv","autonym":"тыва дыл","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ve","autonym":"Tshivenda","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"vec","autonym":"vèneto","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"vep","autonym":"vepsän kel’","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"vls","autonym":"West-Vlams","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"vo","autonym":"Volapük","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"vro","autonym":"võro","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"wa","autonym":"walon","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"xal","autonym":"хальмг","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"xh","autonym":"isiXhosa","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"yi","autonym":"ייִדיש","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"yo","autonym":"Yorùbá","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"yue","autonym":"粵語","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"za","autonym":"Vahcuengh","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"zgh","autonym":"ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang": "zu","autonym":"isiZulu","dir":"ltr"}],"wgSectionTranslationTargetLanguages":["ace","ady","alt","am","ami","an","ang","ann","anp","ar","ary","arz","as","ast","av","avk","awa","ay","az","azb","ba","ban","bar","bbc","bcl","bdr","be","bew","bg","bho","bi","bjn","blk","bm","bn","bo","bpy","br","bs","btm","bug","ca","cdo","ce","ceb","ch","chr","ckb","co","cr","crh","cs","cu","cy","da","dag","de","dga","din","diq","dsb","dtp","dv","dz","ee","el","eml","eo","es","et","eu","fa","fat","ff","fi","fj","fo","fon","fr","frp","frr","fur","fy","gag","gan","gcr","gl","glk","gn","gom","gor","gpe","gu","guc","gur","guw","gv","ha","hak","haw","he","hi","hif","hr","hsb","ht","hu","hy","hyw","ia","iba","ie","ig","igl","ilo","io","is","it","iu","ja","jam","jv","ka","kaa","kab","kbd","kbp","kcg","kg","kge","ki","kk","kl","km","kn","ko","koi","krc","ks","ku","kus","kv","kw","ky","lad","lb","lez","lg","li","lij","lld","lmo","ln","lo","lt","ltg","lv","mad","mai","map-bms","mdf","mg","mhr","mi","min","mk","ml", "mn","mni","mnw","mos","mr","mrj","ms","mt","mwl","my","myv","mzn","nah","nan","nap","nb","nds","nds-nl","ne","new","nia","nl","nn","nqo","nr","nso","ny","oc","om","or","os","pa","pag","pam","pap","pcd","pcm","pdc","pl","pms","pnb","ps","pt","pwn","qu","rm","rn","ro","rsk","rue","rup","rw","sa","sah","sat","sc","scn","sco","sd","se","sg","sgs","sh","shi","shn","si","sk","skr","sl","sm","smn","sn","so","sq","sr","srn","ss","st","stq","su","sv","sw","szl","ta","tay","tcy","tdd","te","tet","tg","th","ti","tk","tl","tly","tn","to","tpi","tr","trv","ts","tt","tum","tw","ty","tyv","udm","ur","uz","ve","vec","vep","vi","vls","vo","vro","wa","war","wo","wuu","xal","xh","xmf","yi","yo","yue","za","zgh","zh","zu"],"isLanguageSearcherCXEntrypointEnabled":true,"mintEntrypointLanguages":["ace","ast","azb","bcl","bjn","bh","crh","ff","fon","ig","is","ki","ks","lmo","min","sat","ss","tn","vec"],"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q6397066","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness", "fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false,"wgMinervaPermissions":{"watchable":true,"watch":false},"wgMinervaFeatures":{"beta":false,"donate":true,"mobileOptionsLink":true,"categories":false,"pageIssues":true,"talkAtTop":true,"historyInPageActions":false,"overflowSubmenu":false,"tabsOnSpecials":true,"personalMenu":false,"mainMenuExpanded":false,"echo":true,"nightMode":true},"wgMinervaDownloadNamespaces":[0]};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.kartographer.style":"ready","ext.cite.styles":"ready","ext.phonos.styles":"ready","ext.phonos.icons":"ready","mediawiki.page.gallery.styles":"ready","skins.minerva.styles":"ready","skins.minerva.content.styles.images":"ready" ,"mediawiki.hlist":"ready","skins.minerva.codex.styles":"ready","skins.minerva.icons":"ready","skins.minerva.amc.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","mobile.init.styles":"ready","ext.relatedArticles.styles":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.kartographer.staticframe","ext.cite.ux-enhancements","ext.phonos.init","mediawiki.page.gallery","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","skins.minerva.scripts","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.gadget.WikiMiniAtlas","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","ext.popups","mobile.init","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.relatedArticles.readMore.bootstrap","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.entrypoints.mffrequentlanguages","ext.cx.entrypoints.languagesearcher.init","mw.externalguidance.init","ext.checkUser.clientHints", "ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.kartographer.style%7Cext.phonos.icons%2Cstyles%7Cext.relatedArticles.styles%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cmediawiki.hlist%7Cmediawiki.page.gallery.styles%7Cmobile.init.styles%7Cskins.minerva.amc.styles%7Cskins.minerva.codex.styles%7Cskins.minerva.content.styles.images%7Cskins.minerva.icons%2Cstyles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=minerva"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=minerva"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=minerva"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta name="theme-color" content="#eaecf0"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Darvaze_Ghoran11.jpg/1200px-Darvaze_Ghoran11.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="675"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Darvaze_Ghoran11.jpg/800px-Darvaze_Ghoran11.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="450"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Darvaze_Ghoran11.jpg/640px-Darvaze_Ghoran11.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="360"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, user-scalable=yes, minimum-scale=0.25, maximum-scale=5.0"> <meta property="og:title" content="Shiraz - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="manifest" href="/w/api.php?action=webapp-manifest"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Shiraz&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shiraz"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Shiraz rootpage-Shiraz stable issues-group-B skin-minerva action-view skin--responsive mw-mf-amc-disabled mw-mf"><div id="mw-mf-viewport"> <div id="mw-mf-page-center"> <a class="mw-mf-page-center__mask" href="#"></a> <header class="header-container header-chrome"> <div class="minerva-header"> <nav class="navigation-drawer toggle-list view-border-box"> <input type="checkbox" id="main-menu-input" class="toggle-list__checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" aria-labelledby="mw-mf-main-menu-button"> <label role="button" for="main-menu-input" id="mw-mf-main-menu-button" aria-hidden="true" data-event-name="ui.mainmenu" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet toggle-list__toggle"> </label> <div id="mw-mf-page-left" class="menu view-border-box"> <ul id="p-navigation" class="toggle-list__list"> <li class="toggle-list-item "> <a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--home" href="/wiki/Main_Page" data-mw="interface"> Home </a> </li> <li class="toggle-list-item "> <a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--random" href="/wiki/Special:Random" data-mw="interface"> Random </a> </li> <li class="toggle-list-item skin-minerva-list-item-jsonly"> <a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--nearby" href="/wiki/Special:Nearby" data-event-name="menu.nearby" data-mw="interface"> Nearby </a> </li> </ul> <ul id="p-personal" class="toggle-list__list"> <li class="toggle-list-item "> <a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--login" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Shiraz" data-event-name="menu.login" data-mw="interface"> Log in </a> </li> </ul> <ul id="pt-preferences" class="toggle-list__list"> <li class="toggle-list-item skin-minerva-list-item-jsonly"> <a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--settings" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:MobileOptions&returnto=Shiraz" data-event-name="menu.settings" data-mw="interface"> Settings </a> </li> </ul> <ul id="p-donation" class="toggle-list__list"> <li class="toggle-list-item "> <a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--donate" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en&utm_key=minerva" data-event-name="menu.donate" data-mw="interface"> Donate </a> </li> </ul> <ul class="hlist"> <li class="toggle-list-item "> <a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--about" href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" data-mw="interface"> About Wikipedia </a> </li> <li class="toggle-list-item "> <a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--disclaimers" href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer" data-mw="interface"> Disclaimers </a> </li> </ul> </div> <label class="main-menu-mask" for="main-menu-input"></label> </nav> <div class="branding-box"> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page"> <img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" alt="Wikipedia" width="120" height="18" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"/> </a> </div> <form action="/w/index.php" method="get" class="minerva-search-form"> <div class="search-box"> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"/> <input class="search skin-minerva-search-trigger" id="searchInput" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"> </div> <button id="searchIcon" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet skin-minerva-search-trigger"> Search </button> </form> <nav class="minerva-user-navigation" aria-label="User navigation"> </nav> </div> </header> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <div class="banner-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="pre-content heading-holder"> <div class="page-heading"> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Shiraz</h1> <div class="tagline"></div> </div> <ul id="p-associated-pages" class="minerva__tab-container"> <li class="minerva__tab selected"> <a class="minerva__tab-text" href="/wiki/Shiraz" rel="" data-event-name="tabs.subject">Article</a> </li> <li class="minerva__tab "> <a class="minerva__tab-text" href="/wiki/Talk:Shiraz" rel="discussion" data-event-name="tabs.talk">Talk</a> </li> </ul> <nav class="page-actions-menu"> <ul id="p-views" class="page-actions-menu__list"> <li id="language-selector" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"> <a role="button" href="#p-lang" data-mw="interface" data-event-name="menu.languages" title="Language" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet language-selector"> Language </a> </li> <li id="page-actions-watch" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"> <a role="button" id="ca-watch" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Shiraz" data-event-name="menu.watch" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet menu__item--page-actions-watch"> Watch </a> </li> <li id="page-actions-edit" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"> <a role="button" id="ca-edit" href="/w/index.php?title=Shiraz&action=edit" data-event-name="menu.edit" data-mw="interface" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet edit-page menu__item--page-actions-edit"> Edit </a> </li> </ul> </nav>  <div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="content"> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><script>function mfTempOpenSection(id){var block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the city in Iran. For the grape known as Shiraz, see <a href="/wiki/Syrah" title="Syrah">Syrah</a>. For the wine once produced in the Iranian city of Shiraz, see <a href="/wiki/Shiraz_wine" title="Shiraz wine">Shiraz wine</a>. For other uses for the same name, see <a href="/wiki/Shiraz_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Shiraz (disambiguation)">Shiraz</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style>Shiraz (<a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a>: شیراز; <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/ʃɪəˈrɑːz/</a> <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui='{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/c\/c3\/En-Shiraz.ogg\/En-Shiraz.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"En-Shiraz.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}'><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c3/En-Shiraz.ogg/En-Shiraz.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:En-Shiraz.ogg" title="File:En-Shiraz.ogg">ⓘ</a>; <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Persian" title="Help:IPA/Persian">[ʃiːˈɾɒːz]</a> <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-2" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui='{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/2\/26\/Shiraz.ogg\/Shiraz.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Shiraz.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}'><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/26/Shiraz.ogg/Shiraz.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:Shiraz.ogg" title="File:Shiraz.ogg">ⓘ</a>)<a href="#cite_note-4">[a]</a> is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_cities_of_Iran" title="List of largest cities of Iran">fifth-most-populous city</a> of <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a><a href="#cite_note-5">[b]</a> and the capital of <a href="/wiki/Fars_province" title="Fars province">Fars Province</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Fars_Province_Structure-6">[4]</a> which has been historically known as <a href="/wiki/Pars_(Sasanian_province)" title="Pars (Sasanian province)">Pars</a> (پارس, Pārs) and <a href="/wiki/Persis" title="Persis">Persis</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Sykes-7">[5]</a> As of the 2016 national census, the population of the <a href="/wiki/City" title="City">city</a> was 1,565,572 people, and its built-up area with <a href="/wiki/Sadra,_Fars" title="Sadra, Fars">Sadra</a> was home to almost 1,800,000 inhabitants.<a href="#cite_note-8">[6]</a> A census in 2021 showed an increase in the city's population to 1,995,500 people.<a href="#cite_note-9">[7]</a> Shiraz is located in <a href="/wiki/Southern_Iran" title="Southern Iran">southwestern Iran</a> on the rudkhaneye khoshk (<abbr style="font-size:85%" title="literal translation">lit.</abbr> 'dry river') seasonal river. Founded in the early Islamic period, the city has a moderate climate and has been a regional trade center for over a thousand years. <table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Shiraz</div> <div class="nickname ib-settlement-native" lang="fa"><a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a>: شیراز</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/Cities_in_Iran" class="mw-redirect" title="Cities in Iran">City</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow ib-settlement-official"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Shiraz</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div style="background-color:white;border-collapse:collapse;border:1px solid white;width:266px;display:table;margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><div style="display:table-row"><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:2px 0 0 2px"><div style="display:table;background-color:white;border-collapse:collapse"><div style="display:table-row"><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 2px 2px 0"><a href="/wiki/File:Darvaze_Ghoran11.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Shiraz skyline"><img alt="Shiraz skyline" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Darvaze_Ghoran11.jpg/266px-Darvaze_Ghoran11.jpg" decoding="async" width="266" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Darvaze_Ghoran11.jpg/399px-Darvaze_Ghoran11.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Darvaze_Ghoran11.jpg/532px-Darvaze_Ghoran11.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1080"></a></div></div></div><div style="display:table;background-color:white;border-collapse:collapse"><div style="display:table-row"><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 2px 2px 0"><a href="/wiki/File:Shiraz.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Tomb of Hafez"><img alt="Tomb of Hafez" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Shiraz.jpg/132px-Shiraz.jpg" decoding="async" width="132" height="98" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Shiraz.jpg/198px-Shiraz.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Shiraz.jpg/264px-Shiraz.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="764"></a></div><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 2px 2px 0"><a href="/wiki/File:Saadi_Tomb.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Tomb of Saadi"><img alt="Tomb of Saadi" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Saadi_Tomb.jpg/132px-Saadi_Tomb.jpg" decoding="async" width="132" height="99" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Saadi_Tomb.jpg/198px-Saadi_Tomb.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Saadi_Tomb.jpg/264px-Saadi_Tomb.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200"></a></div></div></div><div style="display:table;background-color:white;border-collapse:collapse"><div style="display:table-row"><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 2px 2px 0"><a href="/wiki/File:Arg_of_Karim_Khan_-_outside_view.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Karim Khan Citadel, Shiraz"><img alt="Karim Khan Citadel, Shiraz" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Arg_of_Karim_Khan_-_outside_view.jpg/132px-Arg_of_Karim_Khan_-_outside_view.jpg" decoding="async" width="132" height="99" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Arg_of_Karim_Khan_-_outside_view.jpg/198px-Arg_of_Karim_Khan_-_outside_view.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Arg_of_Karim_Khan_-_outside_view.jpg/264px-Arg_of_Karim_Khan_-_outside_view.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000"></a></div><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 2px 2px 0"><a href="/wiki/File:Shah-cheragh.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Shah Cheragh"><img alt="Shah Cheragh" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Shah-cheragh.JPG/132px-Shah-cheragh.JPG" decoding="async" width="132" height="99" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Shah-cheragh.JPG/198px-Shah-cheragh.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Shah-cheragh.JPG/264px-Shah-cheragh.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768"></a></div></div></div><div style="display:table;background-color:white;border-collapse:collapse"><div style="display:table-row"><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 2px 2px 0"><a href="/wiki/File:Botanical_Garden,_Shiraz.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Shiraz Botanical Garden"><img alt="Shiraz Botanical Garden" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Botanical_Garden%2C_Shiraz.jpg/132px-Botanical_Garden%2C_Shiraz.jpg" decoding="async" width="132" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Botanical_Garden%2C_Shiraz.jpg/198px-Botanical_Garden%2C_Shiraz.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Botanical_Garden%2C_Shiraz.jpg/264px-Botanical_Garden%2C_Shiraz.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000"></a></div><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 2px 2px 0"><a href="/wiki/File:%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AC%D8%AF_%D9%86%D8%B5%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%84%DA%A9_%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%B4%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Nasir ol Molk Mosque, Shiraz"><img alt="Nasir ol Molk Mosque, Shiraz" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AC%D8%AF_%D9%86%D8%B5%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%84%DA%A9_%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%B4%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B2.jpg/132px-%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AC%D8%AF_%D9%86%D8%B5%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%84%DA%A9_%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%B4%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B2.jpg" decoding="async" width="132" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AC%D8%AF_%D9%86%D8%B5%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%84%DA%A9_%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%B4%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B2.jpg/198px-%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AC%D8%AF_%D9%86%D8%B5%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%84%DA%A9_%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%B4%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AC%D8%AF_%D9%86%D8%B5%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%84%DA%A9_%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%B4%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B2.jpg/264px-%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AC%D8%AF_%D9%86%D8%B5%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%84%DA%A9_%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%B4%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000"></a></div></div></div><div style="display:table;background-color:white;border-collapse:collapse"><div style="display:table-row"><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 2px 2px 0"><a href="/wiki/File:A_skyline_of_Shiraz.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Shiraz modern skyline"><img alt="Shiraz modern skyline" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/A_skyline_of_Shiraz.png/266px-A_skyline_of_Shiraz.png" decoding="async" width="266" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/A_skyline_of_Shiraz.png/399px-A_skyline_of_Shiraz.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/A_skyline_of_Shiraz.png/532px-A_skyline_of_Shiraz.png 2x" data-file-width="2705" data-file-height="889"></a></div></div></div></div></div></div> <div style="font-size:95%">Clockwise from top: skyline of Shiraz; <a href="/wiki/Tomb_of_Saadi" title="Tomb of Saadi">Tomb of Saadi</a>; <a href="/wiki/Shah_Cheragh" title="Shah Cheragh">Shāh Chérāgh</a>; <a href="/wiki/Nasir-ol-Molk_Mosque" title="Nasir-ol-Molk Mosque">Nasir-ol-Molk Mosque</a>; Shiraz modern skyline; <a href="/wiki/Eram_Garden" title="Eram Garden">Eram Garden</a>; <a href="/wiki/Arg_of_Karim_Khan" title="Arg of Karim Khan">Karim Khan Citadel</a>; and <a href="/wiki/Tomb_of_Hafez" title="Tomb of Hafez">Tomb of Hafez</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Shiraz.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Shiraz"><img alt="Flag of Shiraz" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_Shiraz.svg/100px-Flag_of_Shiraz.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="57" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_Shiraz.svg/150px-Flag_of_Shiraz.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_Shiraz.svg/200px-Flag_of_Shiraz.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="403" data-file-height="230"></a><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Flag</div></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><a href="/wiki/File:Shiraz_government_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Official seal of Shiraz"><img alt="Official seal of Shiraz" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/5c/Shiraz_government_logo.svg/70px-Shiraz_government_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/5c/Shiraz_government_logo.svg/104px-Shiraz_government_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/5c/Shiraz_government_logo.svg/139px-Shiraz_government_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="212" data-file-height="304"></a><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Seal</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Nickname: <div class="ib-settlement-nickname nickname">City of Gardens</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 300px; height: 200px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="300" data-height="200" data-zoom="9" data-lat="29.6666" data-lon="52.4999" data-overlays='["_b689bf057e31423fcfeae21d0d1b019946459faf"]' href="/wiki/Special:Map/9/29.6666/52.4999/en"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,9,29.6666,52.4999,300x200.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Shiraz&revid=1253527099&groups=_b689bf057e31423fcfeae21d0d1b019946459faf" width="300" height="200" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,9,29.6666,52.4999,300x200@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Shiraz&revid=1253527099&groups=_b689bf057e31423fcfeae21d0d1b019946459faf 2x" alt="Map"></a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="switcher-container"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><a href="/wiki/File:Iran_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Shiraz is located in Iran"><img alt="Shiraz is located in Iran" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Iran_location_map.svg/250px-Iran_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="223" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Iran_location_map.svg/375px-Iran_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Iran_location_map.svg/500px-Iran_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1071"></a><div class="od notheme" style="top:67.032%;left:44.11%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><img alt="Shiraz" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64"></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Shiraz</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location of Shiraz within Iran</div>Show map of Iran</div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><a href="/wiki/File:Middle_East_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Shiraz is located in Middle East"><img alt="Shiraz is located in Middle East" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Middle_East_location_map.svg/250px-Middle_East_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Middle_East_location_map.svg/375px-Middle_East_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Middle_East_location_map.svg/500px-Middle_East_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="160"></a><div class="od notheme" style="top:46.375%;left:62.704%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><img alt="Shiraz" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64"></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Shiraz</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Shiraz (Middle East)</div>Show map of Middle East</div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><a href="/wiki/File:Asia_laea_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Shiraz is located in Asia"><img alt="Shiraz is located in Asia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Asia_laea_location_map.svg/250px-Asia_laea_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="222" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Asia_laea_location_map.svg/375px-Asia_laea_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Asia_laea_location_map.svg/500px-Asia_laea_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1181" data-file-height="1050"></a><div class="od notheme" style="top:51.524%;left:17.194%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><img alt="Shiraz" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64"></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Shiraz</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Shiraz (Asia)</div>Show map of Asia</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Shiraz&params=29_36_36_N_52_32_33_E_dim:6km_type:city_region:IR-07">29°36′36″N 52°32′33″E / 29.61000°N 52.54250°E / 29.61000; 52.54250</a><a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Iran" title="Provinces of Iran">Province</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Fars_province" title="Fars province">Fars</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Counties_of_Iran" title="Counties of Iran">County</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Shiraz_County" title="Shiraz County">Shiraz</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Bakhsh" title="Bakhsh">District</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Central_District_(Shiraz_County)" title="Central District (Shiraz County)">Central</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Islamic_City_Council_of_Shiraz" title="Islamic City Council of Shiraz">City Council</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/List_of_mayors_of_Shiraz" title="List of mayors of Shiraz">Mayor</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Mohammad Hasan Asadi</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • <a href="/wiki/Cities_in_Iran" class="mw-redirect" title="Cities in Iran">City</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">240 km2 (86.487 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Land</th><td class="infobox-data">240 km2 (86.487 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Water</th><td class="infobox-data">0 km2 (0 sq mi) 0%</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">1,500 m (5,200 ft)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"> (2016 census)</div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">6,670/km2 (18,600/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Urban_area" title="Urban area">Urban</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">1,565,572<a href="#cite_note-2016_Fars_Province-3">[3]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_area" title="Metropolitan area">Metro</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">1,800,000<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Population rank<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Iran_cities_by_population" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Iran cities by population">5th</a> (Iran)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B03:30" title="UTC+03:30">UTC+03:30</a> (<a href="/wiki/Iran_Standard_Time" title="Iran Standard Time">IRST</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbering_plan" title="Telephone numbering plan">Area code</a></th><td class="infobox-data">071</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Routes</th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/IRN-Fwy_7.svg/24px-IRN-Fwy_7.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/IRN-Fwy_7.svg/36px-IRN-Fwy_7.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/IRN-Fwy_7.svg/48px-IRN-Fwy_7.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="400"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/IRN-EN-Fwy_7.svg/24px-IRN-EN-Fwy_7.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/IRN-EN-Fwy_7.svg/36px-IRN-EN-Fwy_7.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/IRN-EN-Fwy_7.svg/48px-IRN-EN-Fwy_7.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="400"> <a href="/wiki/Freeway_7_(Iran)" title="Freeway 7 (Iran)">Freeway 7</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/IRN-65.svg/36px-IRN-65.svg.png" decoding="async" width="36" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/IRN-65.svg/54px-IRN-65.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/IRN-65.svg/72px-IRN-65.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/IRN-EN-65.svg/36px-IRN-EN-65.svg.png" decoding="async" width="36" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/IRN-EN-65.svg/54px-IRN-EN-65.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/IRN-EN-65.svg/72px-IRN-EN-65.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400"> <a href="/wiki/Road_65_(Iran)" title="Road 65 (Iran)">Road 65</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/IRN-67.svg/36px-IRN-67.svg.png" decoding="async" width="36" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/IRN-67.svg/54px-IRN-67.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/IRN-67.svg/72px-IRN-67.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/IRN-EN-67.svg/36px-IRN-EN-67.svg.png" decoding="async" width="36" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/IRN-EN-67.svg/54px-IRN-EN-67.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/IRN-EN-67.svg/72px-IRN-EN-67.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400"> <a href="/wiki/Road_67_(Iran)" title="Road 67 (Iran)">Road 67</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/IRN-86.svg/36px-IRN-86.svg.png" decoding="async" width="36" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/IRN-86.svg/54px-IRN-86.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/IRN-86.svg/72px-IRN-86.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/IRN-EN-86.svg/36px-IRN-EN-86.svg.png" decoding="async" width="36" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/IRN-EN-86.svg/54px-IRN-EN-86.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/IRN-EN-86.svg/72px-IRN-EN-86.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400"> <a href="/wiki/Road_86_(Iran)" title="Road 86 (Iran)">Road 86</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/IRN-744.svg/36px-IRN-744.svg.png" decoding="async" width="36" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/IRN-744.svg/55px-IRN-744.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/IRN-744.svg/73px-IRN-744.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="211" data-file-height="140"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/IRN-EN-744.svg/44px-IRN-EN-744.svg.png" decoding="async" width="44" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/IRN-EN-744.svg/66px-IRN-EN-744.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/IRN-EN-744.svg/88px-IRN-EN-744.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="211" data-file-height="115"> Road 744</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">License plate</th><td class="infobox-data">63, 83, 93</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://shiraz.ir/">shiraz.ir</a></td></tr></tbody></table> The earliest reference to the city, as Tiraziš, is on <a href="/wiki/Elam" title="Elam">Elamite</a> <a href="/wiki/Clay_tablet" title="Clay tablet">clay tablets</a> dated to 2000 BCE.<a href="#cite_note-10">[8]</a> The modern city was founded by the <a href="/wiki/Sasanian_dynasty" title="Sasanian dynasty">Sasanian dynasty</a> and restored by the <a href="/wiki/Umayyad_Caliphate" title="Umayyad Caliphate">Umayyad Caliphate</a> in 693 CE and grew prominent under the successive <a href="/wiki/Iranian_peoples" title="Iranian peoples">Iranian</a> <a href="/wiki/Saffarid_dynasty" title="Saffarid dynasty">Saffarid</a> and <a href="/wiki/Buyid_dynasty" title="Buyid dynasty">Buyid dynasties</a> in the 9th and 10th–11th centuries, respectively. In the 13th century, Shiraz became a leading center of the arts and letters, due to the encouragement of its ruler and the presence of many <a href="/wiki/Persians" title="Persians">Persian</a> scholars and artists. Two famous poets of Iran, <a href="/wiki/Hafez" title="Hafez">Hafez</a> and <a href="/wiki/Saadi_Shirazi" title="Saadi Shirazi">Saadi</a>, are from Shiraz, whose tombs are located on the north side of the current city boundaries. Shiraz is one of the top tourist cities in <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a> and is known as the city of <a href="/wiki/Persian_poetry" class="mw-redirect" title="Persian poetry">poets</a>, <a href="/wiki/Persian_literature" title="Persian literature">literature</a>, and flowers.<a href="#cite_note-11">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-12">[10]</a> It is also considered by many Iranians to be the city of gardens due to the presence of many gardens and <a href="/wiki/Fruit_tree" title="Fruit tree">fruit trees</a> that can be seen throughout the city, such as <a href="/wiki/Eram_Garden" title="Eram Garden">Eram Garden</a>. Shiraz is also a famous tourist destination in the world. Every year many tourists come from around the world to visit the city. Shiraz has historically had major <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Iran" title="History of the Jews in Iran">Jewish</a> and <a href="/wiki/History_of_Christianity_in_Iran" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Christianity in Iran">Christian</a> communities. The crafts of Shiraz consist of inlaid <a href="/wiki/Mosaic" title="Mosaic">mosaic</a> work of triangular design; silverware; <a href="/wiki/Knotted-pile_carpet" title="Knotted-pile carpet">pile carpet</a>-weaving and weaving of <a href="/wiki/Kilim" title="Kilim">kilim</a>, called gilim and jajim in the villages and among the <a href="/wiki/Tribe" title="Tribe">tribes</a>.<a href="#cite_note-13">[11]</a> Dominant industries in the city include the production of <a href="/wiki/Cement" title="Cement">cement</a>, sugar, fertilizers, textile products, wood products, metalwork, and <a href="/wiki/Persian_carpet" title="Persian carpet">rugs</a>.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Shiraz also has a <a href="/wiki/Petroleum_industry_in_Iran" title="Petroleum industry in Iran">major oil refinery</a> and is a major centre for Iran's electronic industries: 53 percent of Iran's electronic investment has been centred in Shiraz.<a href="#cite_note-14">[12]</a> The city is home to Iran's first <a href="/wiki/Solar_power_plants" class="mw-redirect" title="Solar power plants">solar powerplant</a>.<a href="#cite_note-15">[13]</a> Recently, Shiraz's first <a href="/wiki/Wind_turbine" title="Wind turbine">wind turbine</a> has been installed above <a href="/wiki/Baba_Kuhi_of_Shiraz" title="Baba Kuhi of Shiraz">Mount Babakuhi</a> near the city. <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Etymology">1 Etymology</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#History">2 History</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="#Pre-Islamic_era">2.1 Pre-Islamic era</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#Early_Islamic_era">2.2 Early Islamic era</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="#Safavid_Empire">2.3 Safavid Empire</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="#Modern_times">2.4 Modern times</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="#Demographics">3 Demographics</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="#Ethnicity">3.1 Ethnicity</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9"><a href="#Population">3.2 Population</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-10"><a href="#Geography">4 Geography</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-11"><a href="#Gardens">4.1 Gardens</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-12"><a href="#Climate">4.2 Climate</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-13"><a href="#Neighborhoods">4.3 Neighborhoods</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-14"><a href="#Economy">5 Economy</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-15"><a href="#Culture">6 Culture</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-16"><a href="#Tourism">7 Tourism</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-17"><a href="#Higher_education">8 Higher education</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-18"><a href="#Transportation">9 Transportation</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-19"><a href="#Air">9.1 Air</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-20"><a href="#Metro">9.2 Metro</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-21"><a href="#Bus">9.3 Bus</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-22"><a href="#Rail">9.4 Rail</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-23"><a href="#Roads">9.5 Roads</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-24"><a href="#Sports">10 Sports</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-25"><a href="#Notable_people">11 Notable people</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-26"><a href="#Rulers_and_political_figures">11.1 Rulers and political figures</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-27"><a href="#Religious_figures,_philosophers_and_theologians">11.2 Religious figures, philosophers and theologians</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-28"><a href="#Academics_and_scientists">11.3 Academics and scientists</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-29"><a href="#Poets_and_writers">11.4 Poets and writers</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-30"><a href="#Other_artists">11.5 Other artists</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-31"><a href="#Others">11.6 Others</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-32"><a href="#International_relations">12 International relations</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-33"><a href="#Twin_towns_%E2%80%93_sister_cities">12.1 Twin towns – sister cities</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-34"><a href="#Partner_cities">12.2 Partner cities</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-35"><a href="#See_also">13 See also</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-36"><a href="#Notes">14 Notes</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-37"><a href="#References">15 References</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-38"><a href="#Bibliography">16 Bibliography</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-39"><a href="#External_links">17 External links</a></li> </ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Shiraz&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Shiraz_from_space.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Shiraz_from_space.jpg/170px-Shiraz_from_space.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="255" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="639" data-file-height="959"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 170px;height: 255px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Shiraz_from_space.jpg/170px-Shiraz_from_space.jpg" data-width="170" data-height="255" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Shiraz_from_space.jpg/255px-Shiraz_from_space.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Shiraz_from_space.jpg/340px-Shiraz_from_space.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Shiraz in a photo by <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Space_Agency" title="Canadian Space Agency">Canadian astronaut</a> <a href="/wiki/Chris_Hadfield" title="Chris Hadfield">Chris Hadfield</a> from the <a href="/wiki/International_Space_Station" title="International Space Station">ISS</a> on 20 March 2013 (1392 <a href="/wiki/Nowruz" title="Nowruz">Nowruz</a>)<a href="#cite_note-16">[14]</a></figcaption></figure> The earliest reference to the city is on <a href="/wiki/Elam" title="Elam">Elamite</a> clay tablets dated to 2000 BCE, found in June 1970, while digging to make a kiln for a brick factory in the south western corner of the city. The tablets written in ancient <a href="/wiki/Elamite_language" title="Elamite language">Elamite</a> name a city called Tiraziš.<a href="#cite_note-17">[15]</a> <a href="/wiki/Phonetically" class="mw-redirect" title="Phonetically">Phonetically</a>, this is interpreted as /tiračis/ or /ćiračis/. This name became Old Persian /širājiš/; through regular sound change comes the <a href="/wiki/Modern_Persian" class="mw-redirect" title="Modern Persian">modern Persian</a> name Shirāz. The name Shiraz also appears on clay sealings found at a 2nd-century CE <a href="/wiki/Sassanid" class="mw-redirect" title="Sassanid">Sassanid</a> ruin, east of the city. By some of the native writers, the name Shiraz has derived from a son of <a href="/wiki/Tahmuras" title="Tahmuras">Tahmuras</a>, the third Shāh (King) of the world according to Ferdowsi's <a href="/wiki/Sh%C4%81hn%C4%81ma" class="mw-redirect" title="Shāhnāma">Shāhnāma</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Conder_1827-18">[16]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"><h2 id="History">History</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Shiraz&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/History_of_Shiraz" title="History of Shiraz">History of Shiraz</a> and <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Shiraz" title="Timeline of Shiraz">Timeline of Shiraz</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pre-Islamic_era">Pre-Islamic era</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Shiraz&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Pre-Islamic era" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> Though, there is no definitive record of its existence prior to the late 7th century CE, few archaeological finds dating from 1933 and beyond indicate that the site or vicinity of Shiraz was likely settled in the pre-Islamic era as early as the 6th century BCE.<a href="#cite_note-BerneyandRing644-19">[17]</a> A number of <a href="/wiki/Achaemenid_Empire" title="Achaemenid Empire">Achaemenid</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sasanian_Empire" title="Sasanian Empire">Sasanian</a>-era remains have been discovered around the city, including reliefs at <a href="/wiki/Barm-e_Delak" title="Barm-e Delak">Barm-e Delak</a> to the east and <a href="/wiki/Guyim,_Shiraz" title="Guyim, Shiraz">Guyim</a> to the northwest, and ruins of Sasanian fortresses at <a href="/wiki/Qasre_Abunasr" title="Qasre Abunasr">Qasr-e Abu Nasr</a> to the east and Fahandezh.<a href="#cite_note-Limbert4-5-20">[18]</a> The latter is identified with the fortress of Shahmobad mentioned as being in Shiraz by the 10th-century geographical work, <a href="/wiki/Hudud_al-%27alam" class="mw-redirect" title="Hudud al-'alam">Hudud al-'alam</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Limbert4-5-20">[18]</a> the Sasanian and early Islamic-era clay seals found at <a href="/wiki/Qasre_Abunasr" title="Qasre Abunasr">Qasr-e-Abu Nasr</a> mention the name "Shiraz" alongside the name of the Sasanian administrative district of the area, <a href="/wiki/Ardashir-Khwarrah" title="Ardashir-Khwarrah">Ardashir-Khwarrah</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Limbert5-21">[19]</a> According to the diplomat and academic <a href="/wiki/John_Limbert" class="mw-redirect" title="John Limbert">John Limbert</a>, this indicates that the name "Shiraz" is traced back to the Elamite "Shirrazish" and that both refer to a settlement that existed at the site of <a href="/wiki/Qasre_Abunasr" title="Qasre Abunasr">Qasr-e-Abu Nasr</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Limbert5-21">[19]</a> Interpretations of what type of settlement ancient Shiraz was vary. According to Berney and Ring, the lack of references to Shiraz in early Persian sources suggests the city could not have been more than a way-station in the plain in which it lies.<a href="#cite_note-BerneyandRing644-19">[17]</a> On the other hand, according to <a href="/wiki/Abdul_Majid_Arfaei" title="Abdul Majid Arfaei">Abdolmajed Arfaee</a>, Achaemenid-era Shiraz must have been one of the most important settlements in the area.<a href="#cite_note-Arfaee_2008-22">[20]</a> He bases this on its frequent appearance in the <a href="/wiki/Persepolis_Administrative_Archives" title="Persepolis Administrative Archives">Persepolis Administrative Archives</a> (84 different tablets) as well as the number of workers present – in groups as large as 490.<a href="#cite_note-Arfaee_2008-22">[20]</a> Most textual references to Shiraz involve rations for workers; it is never mentioned as a travel destination.<a href="#cite_note-Arfaee_2008-22">[20]</a> Arfaee says that Sasanian Shiraz was relatively insignificant before its re-foundation in the early Islamic period.<a href="#cite_note-Arfaee_2008-22">[20]</a> According to John Limbert,<a href="#cite_note-23">[21]</a> however, Shiraz prospered between the 6th and 8th-centuries CE and was possibly the administrative center for the Shiraz plain until the modern city of Shiraz was founded.<a href="#cite_note-24">[22]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_Islamic_era">Early Islamic era</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Shiraz&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Early Islamic era" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> Shiraz was founded or restored in 693 by <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_ibn_Yusuf_al-Thaqafi" title="Muhammad ibn Yusuf al-Thaqafi">Muhammad ibn Yusuf al-Thaqafi</a>, the brother of the <a href="/wiki/Umayyad_Caliphate" title="Umayyad Caliphate">Umayyad</a> viceroy of the eastern half of the <a href="/wiki/Caliphate" title="Caliphate">caliphate</a>, <a href="/wiki/Al-Hajjaj_ibn_Yusuf" title="Al-Hajjaj ibn Yusuf">al-Hajjaj ibn Yusuf</a>, or the latter's kinsman <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_ibn_Qasim" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad ibn Qasim">Muhammad ibn Qasim</a>.<a href="#cite_note-25">[23]</a><a href="#cite_note-Limbert4-26">[24]</a> The Arab Muslim army had conquered the wider region of <a href="/wiki/Fars_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Fars Province">Fars</a>, where the site of Shiraz is located, in several expeditions launched from their garrison town of <a href="/wiki/Basra" title="Basra">Basra</a> between 640 and 653, and specifically captured the immediate area around Shiraz early on, in 641. This area did not possess any cities, though there were a number of forts which were forced to pay tribute to the Arabs.<a href="#cite_note-Limbert6-27">[25]</a> The Sasanians held firm in <a href="/wiki/Istakhr" title="Istakhr">Istakhr</a>, their capital in Fars, until the Arabs captured it in a heavy battle in 653, during which the plain of Shiraz had been utilized as an Arab campground.<a href="#cite_note-Limbert6-27">[25]</a> Because of <a href="/wiki/Istakhr" title="Istakhr">Istakhr</a>'s deep association with the Sasanian Empire and the <a href="/wiki/Zoroastrian" class="mw-redirect" title="Zoroastrian">Zoroastrian</a> religion, the <a href="/wiki/Arabs" title="Arabs">Arabs</a> sought to establish in nearby Shiraz a rival cultural and administrative center.<a href="#cite_note-Limbert6-27">[25]</a> Thus, during its initial founding in 693, the city was planned to be much larger than <a href="/wiki/Isfahan" title="Isfahan">Isfahan</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Limbert6-27">[25]</a> However, the initial ambitions were not realized and Shiraz remained a "provincial backwater" in the shadow of Istakhr until at least the late 9th century, according to Limbert.<a href="#cite_note-Limbert6-27">[25]</a> This is partly attributed to the reticence of the largely Zoroastrian population of Fars to inhabit the Islamic Arab city.<a href="#cite_note-Limbert6-27">[25]</a> As the population gradually shifted to Islam from Zoroastrianism and Istakhr concurrently declined, Shiraz grew into the practical center of Fars.<a href="#cite_note-Limbert6-27">[25]</a> According to Muslim traditional sources, Shiraz was used as a hideout by three of the brothers of the <a href="/wiki/Shia_Muslim" class="mw-redirect" title="Shia Muslim">Shia Muslim</a> imam <a href="/wiki/Ali_al-Ridha" class="mw-redirect" title="Ali al-Ridha">Ali al-Ridha</a> following the latter's death in 817/18 and later by one of the brothers' sons, Ali ibn Hamza ibn Musa, until he was found and executed by the <a href="/wiki/Abbasid_Caliphate" title="Abbasid Caliphate">Abbasid</a> authorities in <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 835.<a href="#cite_note-28">[26]</a> As Abbasid authority waned during this period, regional dynasties emerged with considerable autonomy.<a href="#cite_note-BerneyandRing644-19">[17]</a> In the late 9th century, the Iranian Muslim <a href="/wiki/Saffarid_dynasty" title="Saffarid dynasty">Saffarid dynasty</a> under <a href="/wiki/Ya%27qub_ibn_al-Layth_al-Saffar" title="Ya'qub ibn al-Layth al-Saffar">Ya'qub ibn al-Layth</a> made Shiraz the capital of their autonomous state, which encompassed most of modern-day Iran.<a href="#cite_note-BerneyandRing644-19">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-Limbert6-27">[25]</a><a href="#cite_note-Lambton473-29">[27]</a> In 894, Ya'qub's brother and successor, <a href="/wiki/Amr_ibn_al-Layth" title="Amr ibn al-Layth">Amr</a>, founded the city's first <a href="/wiki/Congregational_mosque" title="Congregational mosque">congregational mosque</a>, today known as the <a href="/wiki/Atigh_Jame%27_Mosque" class="mw-redirect" title="Atigh Jame' Mosque">Atigh Jame' Mosque</a>.<a href="#cite_note-30">[28]</a><a href="#cite_note-Lambton473-29">[27]</a> The Iranian <a href="/wiki/Buyid_dynasty" title="Buyid dynasty">Buyid dynasty</a> under <a href="/wiki/Imad_al-Dawla" title="Imad al-Dawla">Imad al-Dawla Ali ibn Buya</a> ousted the Saffarids in 933 and his nephew and successor, <a href="/wiki/%27Adud_al-Dawla" title="'Adud al-Dawla">'Adud al-Dawla Fana Khusraw</a>, took over and ruled Fars between 949 and 983, and added Iraq, the seat of the Abbasid Caliphate, to his Shiraz-based domains in 977;<a href="#cite_note-Lambton473-29">[27]</a> the Abbasids thenceforth became a puppet state of the Shiraz-based dynasty.<a href="#cite_note-BerneyandRing644-19">[17]</a> Shiraz developed into the largest and most prosperous city of Fars and an important economic and cultural center of the <a href="/wiki/Caliphate" title="Caliphate">caliphate</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Lambton473-29">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-Limbert9-31">[29]</a> Adud al-Dawla had a large library, a hospital and several mosques, <a href="/wiki/Bazaar" title="Bazaar">bazaars</a>, <a href="/wiki/Caravanserai" title="Caravanserai">caravanserais</a>, palaces and gardens built in the city, while south of it he erected a fortified camp for his troops, known as Kard Fana Khusraw, in 974.<a href="#cite_note-Lambton473-29">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-Limbert9-31">[29]</a> One of the congregational mosques built by Adud al-Dawla has survived until the present day.<a href="#cite_note-BerneyandRing644-19">[17]</a> Two Zoroastrian <a href="/wiki/Fire_temple" title="Fire temple">fire temples</a> also existed in Shiraz,<a href="#cite_note-Lambton473-29">[27]</a> catering to the Persians who had not converted to Islam.<a href="#cite_note-BerneyandRing644-19">[17]</a> One of Adud al-Dawla's palaces stretched out for nearly three miles and consisted of 360 rooms.<a href="#cite_note-BerneyandRing644-19">[17]</a> Under the Buyids, Shiraz was divided into twelve quarters and had eight gates.<a href="#cite_note-Limbert9-31">[29]</a> It owed its economic prosperity to the booming agricultural trade of Fars.<a href="#cite_note-BerneyandRing644-19">[17]</a> The city largely consumed the agricultural products of the province, including <a href="/wiki/Grape" title="Grape">grapes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Linen" title="Linen">linen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wool" title="Wool">wool</a>, cotton, <a href="/wiki/Collyrium" title="Collyrium">collyrium</a>, rose, violet and palm-blossom water.<a href="#cite_note-Limbert9-31">[29]</a> It was also a market for rug weavers and painters to sell their pricey products, a testament to the residents' wealth.<a href="#cite_note-BerneyandRing644-19">[17]</a> At the time, wine, grains, gold and silver were exported from the Farsi port cities of <a href="/wiki/Siraf" class="mw-redirect" title="Siraf">Siraf</a> and Najairam.<a href="#cite_note-BerneyandRing644-19">[17]</a> Adud al-Dawla patronized scientific, medical and Islamic religious research in Shiraz.<a href="#cite_note-BerneyandRing644-19">[17]</a> The city was spared destruction by the invading <a href="/wiki/Mongolian_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Mongolian Empire">Mongols</a>, when its local ruler offered tributes and submission to <a href="/wiki/Genghis_Khan" title="Genghis Khan">Genghis Khan</a>. Shiraz was again spared by <a href="/wiki/Tamerlane" class="mw-redirect" title="Tamerlane">Tamerlane</a>, when in 1382 the local monarch, Shah Shoja agreed to submit to the invader.<a href="#cite_note-Shiraz_history-32">[30]</a> In the 13th century, Shiraz became a leading center of the arts and letters, thanks to the encouragement of its ruler and the presence of many Persian scholars and artists. For this reason the city was named by classical geographers Dar al-'Elm, <a href="/wiki/House_of_Knowledge" title="House of Knowledge">the House of Knowledge</a>.<a href="#cite_note-33">[31]</a> Among the Iranian poets, mystics and philosophers born in Shiraz were the poets <a href="/wiki/Saadi_(poet)" class="mw-redirect" title="Saadi (poet)">Sa'di</a><a href="#cite_note-saadi-iranchamber-34">[32]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hafiz_Shirazi" class="mw-redirect" title="Hafiz Shirazi">Hafiz</a>,<a href="#cite_note-hafez-iranica-35">[33]</a> the mystic <a href="/wiki/Ruzbihan_Baqli" title="Ruzbihan Baqli">Ruzbehan</a>, and the philosopher <a href="/wiki/Mulla_Sadra" title="Mulla Sadra">Mulla Sadra</a>.<a href="#cite_note-mullasadra-36">[34]</a> Thus Shiraz has been nicknamed "The Athens of Iran".<a href="#cite_note-37">[35]</a> As early as the 11th century, several hundred thousand people inhabited Shiraz.<a href="#cite_note-38">[36]</a> In the 14th century Shiraz had sixty thousand inhabitants.<a href="#cite_note-39">[37]</a> During the 16th century it had a population of 200,000 people, which by the mid-18th century had decreased to only 55,000. <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 290.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 288.66666666667px;"><a href="/wiki/File:HG7_5639.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The shrine of Shah Cheragh houses the remains of Sayyid Ahmad, son of Imam Musa al-Kazim"><noscript><img alt="The shrine of Shah Cheragh houses the remains of Sayyid Ahmad, son of Imam Musa al-Kazim" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/HG7_5639.jpg/433px-HG7_5639.jpg" decoding="async" width="289" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="5819" data-file-height="2419"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 289px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/HG7_5639.jpg/433px-HG7_5639.jpg" data-alt="The shrine of Shah Cheragh houses the remains of Sayyid Ahmad, son of Imam Musa al-Kazim" data-width="289" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/HG7_5639.jpg/650px-HG7_5639.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/HG7_5639.jpg/866px-HG7_5639.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext">The shrine of <a href="/wiki/Shah_Cheragh" title="Shah Cheragh">Shah Cheragh</a> houses the remains of <a href="/wiki/Sayyid" title="Sayyid">Sayyid</a> Ahmad, son of <a href="/wiki/Imamate_in_Twelver_doctrine" title="Imamate in Twelver doctrine">Imam</a> <a href="/wiki/Musa_al-Kazim" title="Musa al-Kazim">Musa al-Kazim</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 182px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Masjed_(20975400379).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Tomb of Seyed Alaeddin Husayn, brother of Sayyid Ahmad nearby"><noscript><img alt="Tomb of Seyed Alaeddin Husayn, brother of Sayyid Ahmad nearby" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Masjed_%2820975400379%29.jpg/270px-Masjed_%2820975400379%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 180px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Masjed_%2820975400379%29.jpg/270px-Masjed_%2820975400379%29.jpg" data-alt="Tomb of Seyed Alaeddin Husayn, brother of Sayyid Ahmad nearby" data-width="180" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Masjed_%2820975400379%29.jpg/405px-Masjed_%2820975400379%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Masjed_%2820975400379%29.jpg/540px-Masjed_%2820975400379%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Tomb_of_Seyed_Alaeddin_Husayn" title="Tomb of Seyed Alaeddin Husayn">Tomb of Seyed Alaeddin Husayn</a>, brother of Sayyid Ahmad nearby</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Imamzadeh-ye_Ali_Ebn-e_Hamze_(Shiraz)_001.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Imamzadeh Ali ibn Hamzah, nephew of Shah Cheragh and Imam Reza.[38][39]"><noscript><img alt="Imamzadeh Ali ibn Hamzah, nephew of Shah Cheragh and Imam Reza.[38][39]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Imamzadeh-ye_Ali_Ebn-e_Hamze_%28Shiraz%29_001.jpg/240px-Imamzadeh-ye_Ali_Ebn-e_Hamze_%28Shiraz%29_001.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 160px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Imamzadeh-ye_Ali_Ebn-e_Hamze_%28Shiraz%29_001.jpg/240px-Imamzadeh-ye_Ali_Ebn-e_Hamze_%28Shiraz%29_001.jpg" data-alt="Imamzadeh Ali ibn Hamzah, nephew of Shah Cheragh and Imam Reza.[38][39]" data-width="160" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Imamzadeh-ye_Ali_Ebn-e_Hamze_%28Shiraz%29_001.jpg/360px-Imamzadeh-ye_Ali_Ebn-e_Hamze_%28Shiraz%29_001.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Imamzadeh-ye_Ali_Ebn-e_Hamze_%28Shiraz%29_001.jpg/480px-Imamzadeh-ye_Ali_Ebn-e_Hamze_%28Shiraz%29_001.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Imamzadeh" title="Imamzadeh">Imamzadeh</a> Ali ibn Hamzah, nephew of Shah Cheragh and <a href="/wiki/Ali_al-Rida" title="Ali al-Rida">Imam Reza</a>.<a href="#cite_note-LonelyPlanet2013-40">[38]</a><a href="#cite_note-ITC_11-2016-41">[39]</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Safavid_Empire">Safavid Empire</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Shiraz&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Safavid Empire" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:76_Chardin_Shiraz.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/76_Chardin_Shiraz.jpg/260px-76_Chardin_Shiraz.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="75" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1485" data-file-height="431"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 260px;height: 75px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/76_Chardin_Shiraz.jpg/260px-76_Chardin_Shiraz.jpg" data-width="260" data-height="75" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/76_Chardin_Shiraz.jpg/390px-76_Chardin_Shiraz.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/76_Chardin_Shiraz.jpg/520px-76_Chardin_Shiraz.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>An illustration of Shiraz by French traveler <a href="/wiki/Jean_Chardin" title="Jean Chardin">Jean Chardin</a> in 1670s while he was travelling through the Safavid empire</figcaption></figure> In 1504, Shiraz was captured by the forces of <a href="/wiki/Ismail_I" title="Ismail I">Ismail I</a>, the founder of the <a href="/wiki/Safavid_dynasty" title="Safavid dynasty">Safavid Eynasty</a>. Throughout the Safavid empire (1501–1722) Shiraz remained a provincial capital and <a href="/wiki/Imam_Quli_Khan_(governor)" class="mw-redirect" title="Imam Quli Khan (governor)">Emam Qoli Khan</a>, the governor of Fars under <a href="/wiki/Abbas_the_Great" title="Abbas the Great">Abbas the Great</a>, constructed many palaces and ornate buildings in the same style as those built during the same period in <a href="/wiki/Isfahan" title="Isfahan">Isfahan</a>, the capital of the Empire.<a href="#cite_note-Shiraz_history-32">[30]</a> After the fall of the Safavids, Shiraz suffered a period of decline, worsened by the raids of the <a href="/wiki/Pashtun_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Pashtun people">Afghans</a> and the rebellion of its governor against <a href="/wiki/Nader_Shah" title="Nader Shah">Nader Shah</a>; the latter sent troops to suppress the revolt. The city was besieged for many months and eventually sacked. At the time of <a href="/wiki/Nader_Shah" title="Nader Shah">Nader Shah</a>'s murder in 1747, most of the historical buildings of the city were damaged or ruined, and its population fell to 50,000, one-quarter of that during the 16th century.<a href="#cite_note-Shiraz_history-32">[30]</a> Shiraz soon returned to prosperity under the rule of <a href="/wiki/Karim_Khan_Zand" title="Karim Khan Zand">Karim Khan Zand</a>, who made it his capital in 1762. Employing more than 12,000 workers, he constructed a royal district with a fortress, many administrative buildings, a mosque, and one of the finest covered bazaars in Iran.<a href="#cite_note-Shiraz_history-32">[30]</a> He had a moat built around the city, constructed an irrigation and drainage system, and rebuilt the city walls.<a href="#cite_note-Shiraz_history-32">[30]</a> However, Karim Khan's heirs failed to secure his gains. When <a href="/wiki/Agha_Mohammad_Khan" class="mw-redirect" title="Agha Mohammad Khan">Agha Mohammad Khan</a>, the founder of the <a href="/wiki/Qajar_dynasty" title="Qajar dynasty">Qajar dynasty</a>, eventually came to power, he wreaked his revenge on Shiraz by destroying the city's fortifications and moving the national capital to <a href="/wiki/Tehran" title="Tehran">Tehran</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Shiraz_history-32">[30]</a> Although lowered to the rank of a provincial capital, Shiraz maintained a level of prosperity as a result of the continuing importance of the trade route to the Persian Gulf. Its governorship was a royal prerogative throughout the <a href="/wiki/Qajar_dynasty" title="Qajar dynasty">Qajar dynasty</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Shiraz_history-32">[30]</a> Many of the famous gardens, buildings and residences built during this time contribute to the city's present skyline. Shiraz is the birthplace of the co-founder of the <a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith" title="Baháʼí Faith">Baháʼí Faith</a>, the <a href="/wiki/B%C3%A1b" title="Báb">Báb</a> (Siyyid 'Ali-Muhammad, 1819–1850). In this city, on the evening of 22 May 1844, he first declared his mission as the bearer of a new divine revelation.<a href="#cite_note-babism-browne-42">[40]</a> For this reason Shiraz is a holy city for Baháʼís, and the city, particularly the house of the Báb, was identified as a place of <a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_pilgrimage" title="Baháʼí pilgrimage">pilgrimage</a>.<a href="#cite_note-smith2-43">[41]</a> Due to the <a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%ADs" title="Persecution of Baháʼís">hostile climate towards Baháʼís</a> in Iran, the house has been the target of repeated attacks; the house was destroyed in 1979, to be paved over two years later and made into a public square.<a href="#cite_note-smith2-43">[41]</a> In 1910, a <a href="/wiki/Pogrom" title="Pogrom">pogrom</a> of the Jewish quarter started after <a href="/wiki/1910_Shiraz_blood_libel" class="mw-redirect" title="1910 Shiraz blood libel">false rumours</a> that the Jews had ritually murdered a Muslim girl. In the course of the riots, 12 Jews were murdered and about 50 were injured, and the 6,000 Jews of Shiraz were robbed of all their possessions.<a href="#cite_note-Littman12-44">[42]</a> During the <a href="/wiki/Pahlavi_dynasty" title="Pahlavi dynasty">Pahlavi dynasty</a>, Shiraz became the center of attention again. Many important landmarks like Tombs of Poets' such as <a href="/wiki/Saadi_(poet)" class="mw-redirect" title="Saadi (poet)">Sa'di</a><a href="#cite_note-saadi-iranchamber-34">[32]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hafiz_Shirazi" class="mw-redirect" title="Hafiz Shirazi">Hafiz</a>,<a href="#cite_note-hafez-iranica-35">[33]</a> were constructed and presented to the public. Lacking any great industrial, religious or strategic importance, Shiraz became an administrative center, although its population has nevertheless grown considerably since the <a href="/wiki/Iranian_Revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Iranian Revolution">Iranian Revolution</a>.<a href="#cite_note-45">[43]</a> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 236px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 234px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Shiraz_en_1671_Andr%C3%A9_Daulier_Deslandes.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Shiraz, André D. Deslandes, 1671"><noscript><img alt="Shiraz, André D. Deslandes, 1671" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Shiraz_en_1671_Andr%C3%A9_Daulier_Deslandes.jpg/351px-Shiraz_en_1671_Andr%C3%A9_Daulier_Deslandes.jpg" decoding="async" width="234" height="130" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1512" data-file-height="842"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 234px;height: 130px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Shiraz_en_1671_Andr%C3%A9_Daulier_Deslandes.jpg/351px-Shiraz_en_1671_Andr%C3%A9_Daulier_Deslandes.jpg" data-alt="Shiraz, André D. Deslandes, 1671" data-width="234" data-height="130" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Shiraz_en_1671_Andr%C3%A9_Daulier_Deslandes.jpg/527px-Shiraz_en_1671_Andr%C3%A9_Daulier_Deslandes.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Shiraz_en_1671_Andr%C3%A9_Daulier_Deslandes.jpg/701px-Shiraz_en_1671_Andr%C3%A9_Daulier_Deslandes.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Shiraz, André D. Deslandes, 1671</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 176px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 174px;"><a href="/wiki/File:La_ville_de_Sieras_en_Perse.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Shiraz, Jean Struys, 1681"><noscript><img alt="Shiraz, Jean Struys, 1681" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/La_ville_de_Sieras_en_Perse.jpg/261px-La_ville_de_Sieras_en_Perse.jpg" decoding="async" width="174" height="130" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1120" data-file-height="836"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 174px;height: 130px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/La_ville_de_Sieras_en_Perse.jpg/261px-La_ville_de_Sieras_en_Perse.jpg" data-alt="Shiraz, Jean Struys, 1681" data-width="174" data-height="130" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/La_ville_de_Sieras_en_Perse.jpg/393px-La_ville_de_Sieras_en_Perse.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/La_ville_de_Sieras_en_Perse.jpg/523px-La_ville_de_Sieras_en_Perse.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Shiraz, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean_Jansen_Struys&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jean Jansen Struys (page does not exist)">Jean Struys</a>, 1681</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 90.666666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 88.666666666667px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Lotf_Ali_Khan.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Lotf Ali Khan (1769–1794), ruler of the Zand dynasty"><noscript><img alt="Lotf Ali Khan (1769–1794), ruler of the Zand dynasty" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Lotf_Ali_Khan.jpg/133px-Lotf_Ali_Khan.jpg" decoding="async" width="89" height="130" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="558" data-file-height="817"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 89px;height: 130px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Lotf_Ali_Khan.jpg/133px-Lotf_Ali_Khan.jpg" data-alt="Lotf Ali Khan (1769–1794), ruler of the Zand dynasty" data-width="89" data-height="130" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Lotf_Ali_Khan.jpg/200px-Lotf_Ali_Khan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Lotf_Ali_Khan.jpg/266px-Lotf_Ali_Khan.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Lotf_Ali_Khan" title="Lotf Ali Khan">Lotf Ali Khan</a> (1769–1794), ruler of the <a href="/wiki/Zand_dynasty" title="Zand dynasty">Zand dynasty</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 90px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 88px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Bazar_Shiraz_as_seen_by_Jane_Dieulafoy,_1881.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Illustration of the Vakil Bazaar by Jane Dieulafoy, 1881"><noscript><img alt="Illustration of the Vakil Bazaar by Jane Dieulafoy, 1881" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Bazar_Shiraz_as_seen_by_Jane_Dieulafoy%2C_1881.jpg/132px-Bazar_Shiraz_as_seen_by_Jane_Dieulafoy%2C_1881.jpg" decoding="async" width="88" height="130" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="346" data-file-height="512"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 88px;height: 130px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Bazar_Shiraz_as_seen_by_Jane_Dieulafoy%2C_1881.jpg/132px-Bazar_Shiraz_as_seen_by_Jane_Dieulafoy%2C_1881.jpg" data-alt="Illustration of the Vakil Bazaar by Jane Dieulafoy, 1881" data-width="88" data-height="130" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Bazar_Shiraz_as_seen_by_Jane_Dieulafoy%2C_1881.jpg/198px-Bazar_Shiraz_as_seen_by_Jane_Dieulafoy%2C_1881.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Bazar_Shiraz_as_seen_by_Jane_Dieulafoy%2C_1881.jpg/263px-Bazar_Shiraz_as_seen_by_Jane_Dieulafoy%2C_1881.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Illustration of the <a href="/wiki/Vakil_Bazaar" title="Vakil Bazaar">Vakil Bazaar</a> by <a href="/wiki/Jane_Dieulafoy" title="Jane Dieulafoy">Jane Dieulafoy</a>, 1881</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 86.666666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 84.666666666667px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Women_from_Shiraz_as_seen_by_Jane_Dieulafoy_in_1881.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Women from Shiraz, by Dieulafoy in 1881"><noscript><img alt="Women from Shiraz, by Dieulafoy in 1881" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Women_from_Shiraz_as_seen_by_Jane_Dieulafoy_in_1881.jpg/127px-Women_from_Shiraz_as_seen_by_Jane_Dieulafoy_in_1881.jpg" decoding="async" width="85" height="130" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="333" data-file-height="512"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 85px;height: 130px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Women_from_Shiraz_as_seen_by_Jane_Dieulafoy_in_1881.jpg/127px-Women_from_Shiraz_as_seen_by_Jane_Dieulafoy_in_1881.jpg" data-alt="Women from Shiraz, by Dieulafoy in 1881" data-width="85" data-height="130" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Women_from_Shiraz_as_seen_by_Jane_Dieulafoy_in_1881.jpg/190px-Women_from_Shiraz_as_seen_by_Jane_Dieulafoy_in_1881.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Women_from_Shiraz_as_seen_by_Jane_Dieulafoy_in_1881.jpg/253px-Women_from_Shiraz_as_seen_by_Jane_Dieulafoy_in_1881.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Women from Shiraz, by Dieulafoy in 1881</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 212px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Harold_f_Weston_-_Iran23.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Qur'an Gate, Harold F. Weston, 20th century painting"><noscript><img alt="Qur'an Gate, Harold F. Weston, 20th century painting" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Harold_f_Weston_-_Iran23.jpg/315px-Harold_f_Weston_-_Iran23.jpg" decoding="async" width="210" height="130" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="502" data-file-height="311"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 210px;height: 130px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Harold_f_Weston_-_Iran23.jpg/315px-Harold_f_Weston_-_Iran23.jpg" data-alt="Qur'an Gate, Harold F. Weston, 20th century painting" data-width="210" data-height="130" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Harold_f_Weston_-_Iran23.jpg/473px-Harold_f_Weston_-_Iran23.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/ff/Harold_f_Weston_-_Iran23.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Qur'an Gate, <a href="/wiki/Harold_Weston" title="Harold Weston">Harold F. Weston</a>, 20th century painting</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Modern_times">Modern times</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Shiraz&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Modern times" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Narenjestan_qavam_pic_by_erfan_hosseinpour.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="Narenjestan Qavam" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Narenjestan_qavam_pic_by_erfan_hosseinpour.jpg/220px-Narenjestan_qavam_pic_by_erfan_hosseinpour.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2304" data-file-height="1536"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Narenjestan_qavam_pic_by_erfan_hosseinpour.jpg/220px-Narenjestan_qavam_pic_by_erfan_hosseinpour.jpg" data-alt="Narenjestan Qavam" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Narenjestan_qavam_pic_by_erfan_hosseinpour.jpg/330px-Narenjestan_qavam_pic_by_erfan_hosseinpour.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Narenjestan_qavam_pic_by_erfan_hosseinpour.jpg/440px-Narenjestan_qavam_pic_by_erfan_hosseinpour.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Narenjestan Qavam</figcaption></figure> The city's municipality and other related institutions have initiated restoration and reconstruction projects.<a href="#cite_note-Shiraz_history-32">[30]</a> Some of the most recent projects have been the complete restoration of the <a href="/wiki/Arg_of_Karim_Khan" title="Arg of Karim Khan">Arg of Karim Khan</a> and of the Vakil Bath, as well as a comprehensive plan for the preservation of the old city quarters. Other noteworthy initiatives include the total renovation of the <a href="/wiki/Qur%27an_Gate" title="Qur'an Gate">Qur'an Gate</a> and the mausoleum of the poet <a href="/wiki/Khwaju_Kermani" title="Khwaju Kermani">Khwaju Kermani</a>, both located in the Allah-u-Akbar Gorge, as well as the restoration and expansion of the mausoleum of the famous Shiraz-born poets Hafiz and Saadi.<a href="#cite_note-Shiraz_history-32">[30]</a> Several different construction projects are currently underway that will modernize the city's infrastructure.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify">clarification needed</a>]<a href="#cite_note-46">[44]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Shiraz&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Demographics" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ethnicity">Ethnicity</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Shiraz&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Ethnicity" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> The majority of the population are <a href="/wiki/Persians" title="Persians">Persian</a>.<a href="#cite_note-47">[45]</a> Most of the population of Shiraz are <a href="/wiki/Muslim" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim">Muslim</a>. Shiraz also was home to a 20,000-strong <a href="/wiki/Iranian_Jews" title="Iranian Jews">Jewish community</a>, although most emigrated to the United States and <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a> in the latter half of the 20th century.<a href="#cite_note-48">[46]</a> Along with <a href="/wiki/Tehran" title="Tehran">Tehran</a> and <a href="/wiki/Isfahan" title="Isfahan">Isfahan</a>, Shiraz is one of the handful of Iranian cities with a sizable Jewish population and more than one active synagogue. Shiraz also has a significant <a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith" title="Baháʼí Faith">Baháʼí Faith</a> population, the largest in the country after Tehran. There are currently two functioning churches in Shiraz, one <a href="/wiki/Armenian_Apostolic_Church" title="Armenian Apostolic Church">Armenian</a> and the other <a href="/wiki/Anglicanism" title="Anglicanism">Anglican</a>.<a href="#cite_note-49">[47]</a><a href="#cite_note-50">[48]</a><div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Population">Population</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Shiraz&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Population" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236656977">.mw-parser-output .abbr-header{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-bottom:none;background-color:lavender}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-top:none;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);padding:5px}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border-top:1px #a2a9b1 solid!important}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:none}}</style><table class="table-pale" style="width:15em;border-top-width:0;border-spacing: 0;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 0.5em;"><caption class="caption-purple" style="padding:0.25em;font-weight:bold">Historical population</caption><tbody><tr style="font-size:95%"><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;width:3em">Year</th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px 2px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Population" class="abbr-header">Pop.</abbr></th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Per annum growth rate" class="abbr-header">±% p.a.</abbr></th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1986</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">848,289</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">— </td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1991</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">965,117</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+2.61%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1996</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">1,053,025</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.76%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2006</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">1,227,331</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.54%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">2011</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1,460,665</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+3.54%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2016</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">1,565,572</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.40%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);font-size:85%;text-align:left">source:<a href="#cite_note-51">[49]</a></td></tr></tbody></table> At the time of the 2006 National Census, the city's population was 1,204,882 in 265,637 households.<a href="#cite_note-2006_Fars_Province-52">[50]</a> The following census in 2011 counted 1,460,665 people in 416,141 households.<a href="#cite_note-2011_Fars_Province-53">[51]</a> The 2016 census measured the population of the city as 1,565,572 people in 477,916 households.<a href="#cite_note-2016_Fars_Province-3">[3]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Shiraz&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Geography" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Shiraz_Gardens.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Shiraz_Gardens.jpg/220px-Shiraz_Gardens.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="143" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4536" data-file-height="2956"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 143px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Shiraz_Gardens.jpg/220px-Shiraz_Gardens.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="143" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Shiraz_Gardens.jpg/330px-Shiraz_Gardens.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Shiraz_Gardens.jpg/440px-Shiraz_Gardens.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Shiraz Garden Drives, in the north, has gardens predating the city's expansion.</figcaption></figure> The city of Shiraz, the capital of <a href="/wiki/Fars_province" title="Fars province">Fars province</a>, is located at 52 degrees 32 minutes east longitude and 29 degrees 36 minutes north latitude, and is 919 kilometers from <a href="/wiki/Tehran" title="Tehran">Tehran</a>. In the first official census of Iran in 1335, the city of Shiraz with a population of 170,659 people was the sixth most populous city in Iran. Shiraz is located in the south of <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a> and the northwest of <a href="/wiki/Fars_province" title="Fars province">Fars province</a>. It is built in a green plain at the foot of the <a href="/wiki/Zagros_Mountains" title="Zagros Mountains">Zagros Mountains</a> 1,500 metres (4,900 feet) <a href="/wiki/Above_mean_sea_level" class="mw-redirect" title="Above mean sea level">above sea level</a>. Shiraz is 800 kilometres (500 mi) south of <a href="/wiki/Tehran" title="Tehran">Tehran</a>.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated3-54">[52]</a> A seasonal river, Dry River, flows through the northern part of the city and on into <a href="/wiki/Maharloo_Lake" title="Maharloo Lake">Maharloo Lake</a>.<a href="#cite_note-55">[53]</a> As of 1920, the area had a large forest of <a href="/wiki/Oak" title="Oak">oak</a> trees.<a href="#cite_note-Sykes75-56">[54]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gardens">Gardens</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Shiraz&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Gardens" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> Shiraz contains a considerable number of gardens. Due to population growth in the city, many of these gardens may be lost to give way to new developments.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Although some measures have been taken by the Municipality to preserve these gardens, many illegal developments still endanger them.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify">clarification needed</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Shiraz&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Climate" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sunset_in_Shiraz.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Sunset_in_Shiraz.JPG/220px-Sunset_in_Shiraz.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="151" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3168" data-file-height="2177"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 151px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Sunset_in_Shiraz.JPG/220px-Sunset_in_Shiraz.JPG" data-width="220" data-height="151" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Sunset_in_Shiraz.JPG/330px-Sunset_in_Shiraz.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Sunset_in_Shiraz.JPG/440px-Sunset_in_Shiraz.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Sunset in Shiraz, with <a href="/wiki/Mount_Derak" title="Mount Derak">Derock Mountain</a> in the background</figcaption></figure> Shiraz's climate has distinct seasons, and is overall classed as a <a href="/wiki/Semi-arid_climate" title="Semi-arid climate">semi-arid climate</a> (<a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen climate classification</a> BSh, bordering BSk).<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated3-54">[52]</a> <a href="/wiki/Summer" title="Summer">Summers</a> are hot, with a July average high of 38.7 °C (101.7 °F). <a href="/wiki/Winter" title="Winter">Winters</a> are cool, with average low temperatures below freezing in January. Around 320 mm (13 in) of rain falls each year, almost entirely in the winter months, though in some cases as much as this has fallen in a single month (as in January 1965 and December 2004),<a href="#cite_note-rainfall-57">[55]</a> whilst in the year from July 1965 to June 1966 as little as 82.9 millimetres (3.3 in) fell. The wettest year has been 1955/1956 with as much as 857.2 millimetres (33.75 in), though since 1959 the highest has been around 590 millimetres (23.2 in) in each of 1995/1996 and 2004/2005.<a href="#cite_note-rainfall-57">[55]</a> Due to Shiraz' high elevation and low latitude, the <a href="/wiki/UV_index" class="mw-redirect" title="UV index">UV index</a> is extremely high during summer which is further exacerbated by the high frequency of sunshine. Despite being in a relatively dry climate, extreme weather is not a rare occasion. On 25 March 2019, flash floods from heavy rains has resulted in 19 deaths and over 200 injuries. The highest record temperature was 43.4 °C (110.1 °F) on 3 July 2022<a href="#cite_note-recordhighs-58">[56]</a> and the lowest record temperature was −14.0 °C (6.8 °F) on 5 January 1973.<a href="#cite_note-recordlows-59">[57]</a> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Shiraz, altitude: 1488 m (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1951-2020)<a href="#cite_note-60">[c]</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF7C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.4 (74.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF6D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.6 (78.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF4900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.8 (87.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF3300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.0 (93.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF1100; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">39.0 (102.2) </td> <td style="background: #ED0000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">42.8 (109.0) </td> <td style="background: #E30000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">43.5 (110.3) </td> <td style="background: #ED0000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">42.8 (109.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF0F00; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">39.2 (102.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF2C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.0 (95.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF5800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.6 (83.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF7700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.2 (75.6) </td> <td style="background: #E30000; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">43.5 (110.3) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFC58B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.9 (55.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFB266; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.6 (60.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF962E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.6 (67.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF7100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.0 (77.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF4600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.3 (88.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF2100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36.7 (98.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF1300; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">38.7 (101.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF1A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">37.7 (99.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF3100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.3 (93.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF5A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.4 (83.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF9225; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.3 (68.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFB46A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.3 (59.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF6800; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">26.3 (79.4) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFF3E8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.1 (43.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFE2C5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.7 (47.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFC892; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.4 (54.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFA54B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.5 (63.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF7B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.6 (74.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF5800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.6 (83.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF4900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.8 (87.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF5200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.5 (85.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF6E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.5 (77.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF962E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.6 (67.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFC993; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.3 (54.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFE8D1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.8 (46.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF9E3E; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">18.5 (65.4) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #E5E5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−0.2 (31.6) </td> <td style="background: #F0F0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.9 (35.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFFCF9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.9 (40.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFDDBC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.3 (48.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFBD7C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.0 (57.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFA347; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.8 (64.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF9021; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.6 (69.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF9831; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.4 (66.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFB56C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.1 (59.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFD9B3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.0 (50.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFEFD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.6 (40.3) </td> <td style="background: #ECECFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.1 (34.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFD9B4; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">9.9 (49.8) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #9B9BFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−14.0 (6.8) </td> <td style="background: #BBBBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−8.1 (17.4) </td> <td style="background: #CFCFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−4.3 (24.3) </td> <td style="background: #DBDBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−2.0 (28.4) </td> <td style="background: #F6F6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.0 (37.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFE6CD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.1 (46.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFBD7C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.0 (57.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFCB97; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.0 (53.6) </td> <td style="background: #ECECFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.0 (33.8) </td> <td style="background: #EFEFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.6 (34.9) </td> <td style="background: #BBBBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−8.0 (17.6) </td> <td style="background: #ABABFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−11.0 (12.2) </td> <td style="background: #9B9BFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−14.0 (6.8) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #89FF89; color:#000000;" class="notheme">79.0 (3.11) </td> <td style="background: #A7FFA7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">53.6 (2.11) </td> <td style="background: #B1FFB1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">52.0 (2.05) </td> <td style="background: #D6FFD6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.0 (1.02) </td> <td style="background: #F6FFF6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.8 (0.23) </td> <td style="background: #FEFFFE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.2 (0.01) </td> <td style="background: #FEFFFE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.4 (0.02) </td> <td style="background: #FCFFFC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.4 (0.06) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 (0.0) </td> <td style="background: #F9FFF9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.0 (0.16) </td> <td style="background: #C4FFC4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">37.8 (1.49) </td> <td style="background: #9FFF9F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">64.1 (2.52) </td> <td style="background: #D5FFD5; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">324.3 (12.78) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) </th> <td style="background: #B1B1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.3 </td> <td style="background: #B5B5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.4 </td> <td style="background: #C0C0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.1 </td> <td style="background: #D4D4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.3 </td> <td style="background: #EEEEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.3 </td> <td style="background: #FDFDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.1 </td> <td style="background: #FCFCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.2 </td> <td style="background: #FCFCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.2 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #F5F5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.8 </td> <td style="background: #D4D4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.3 </td> <td style="background: #C5C5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.7 </td> <td style="background: #DEDEFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">30.7 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average rainy days </th> <td style="background: #8989FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.5 </td> <td style="background: #8282FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.2 </td> <td style="background: #8D8DFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.2 </td> <td style="background: #B3B3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.9 </td> <td style="background: #E7E7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.9 </td> <td style="background: #FBFBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.3 </td> <td style="background: #F8F8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.5 </td> <td style="background: #FBFBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.3 </td> <td style="background: #FDFDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.1 </td> <td style="background: #EEEEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.3 </td> <td style="background: #B5B5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.8 </td> <td style="background: #A1A1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.6 </td> <td style="background: #C8C8FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">51.6 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average snowy days </th> <td style="background: #ECECFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.5 </td> <td style="background: #F6F6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.6 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #F7F7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.6 </td> <td style="background: #FCFCFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">2.7 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Relative_humidity" class="mw-redirect" title="Relative humidity">relative humidity</a> (%) </th> <td style="background: #1D1DFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">59 </td> <td style="background: #3838FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">52 </td> <td style="background: #4F4FFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">46 </td> <td style="background: #6262FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">41 </td> <td style="background: #9393FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28 </td> <td style="background: #B2B2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20 </td> <td style="background: #AEAEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21 </td> <td style="background: #A7A7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23 </td> <td style="background: #9F9FFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25 </td> <td style="background: #8484FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32 </td> <td style="background: #4343FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">49 </td> <td style="background: #2121FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">58 </td> <td style="background: #6D6DFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">38 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Dew_point" title="Dew point">dew point</a> °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #DBDBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−2.1 (28.2) </td> <td style="background: #DDDDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−1.7 (28.9) </td> <td style="background: #E5E5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−0.2 (31.6) </td> <td style="background: #F4F4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.5 (36.5) </td> <td style="background: #F2F2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.2 (36.0) </td> <td style="background: #EFEFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.7 (35.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFFCF9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.9 (40.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFFDFC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.7 (40.5) </td> <td style="background: #F3F3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.4 (36.3) </td> <td style="background: #EBEBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.9 (33.6) </td> <td style="background: #E8E8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.4 (32.7) </td> <td style="background: #E2E2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−0.8 (30.6) </td> <td style="background: #EDEDFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">1.2 (34.2) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean monthly <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #DBDB00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">218 </td> <td style="background: #DFDF00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">214 </td> <td style="background: #E2E200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">248 </td> <td style="background: #E7E700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">260 </td> <td style="background: #F4F41A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">327 </td> <td style="background: #FDFD2F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">353 </td> <td style="background: #F7F721; color:#000000;" class="notheme">340 </td> <td style="background: #F7F720; color:#000000;" class="notheme">339 </td> <td style="background: #F3F316; color:#000000;" class="notheme">310 </td> <td style="background: #EDED08; color:#000000;" class="notheme">295 </td> <td style="background: #E1E100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">233 </td> <td style="background: #DDDD00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">226 </td> <td style="background: #EBEB03; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">3,363 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 1: <a href="/wiki/NCEI" class="mw-redirect" title="NCEI">NOAA NCEI</a><a href="#cite_note-ncei-61">[58]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 2: Iran Meteorological Organization (records),<a href="#cite_note-records-62">[59]</a>(days with snow),<a href="#cite_note-precipdays-63">[60]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Neighborhoods">Neighborhoods</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Shiraz&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Neighborhoods" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> List of neighborhoods in Shiraz: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 18em;"> <ul><li>Zargari</li> <li>Abivardi</li> <li>Farhang Shahr</li> <li>Qasrodasht</li> <li>Koshan</li> <li>Kuye Zahra</li> <li>Ma'ali Abad</li> <li>Molla Sadra</li> <li>Shahcheragh</li> <li>Riyasati Avval</li> <li>Riyasati Dovvom</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shahrak-e-Golestan" class="mw-redirect" title="Shahrak-e-Golestan">Shahrak-e-Golestan</a></li> <li>Shahrak-e-Sadra</li> <li>Tachara</li> <li>Zerehi</li> <li>Kolbeh Saadi</li> <li>Podonak</li> <li>Payegah</li> <li>Eram</li> <li>Bagh-e Nari (Narvan)</li> <li>Siahatgar BLVD</li> <li>Abiari Ave</li> <li>Artesh square (Army Square)</li> <li>Bridgestone</li> <li>Babakuhi</li> <li>Kuye Jamaran(siman)</li> <li>Baskul Nader</li> <li>Talkhedash</li> <li>Kaftarak</li> <li>Sare Dozak</li> <li>Chamran</li> <li>Sange Siah</li> <li>Amir Kabir Blvd</li> <li>Modares</li> <li>Dinakan</li> <li>Darvazeh Kazeron</li> <li>Darvaze Isfahan</li> <li>Bagh Safa</li> <li>Atlasi</li> <li>Derki</li></ul> </div> <ul><li>See also: <a href="/wiki/Saadi_Street_(Shiraz)" title="Saadi Street (Shiraz)">Saadi Street</a></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Shiraz&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Economy" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Iran" title="Economy of Iran">Economy of Iran</a></div> Shiraz is the economic center of southern Iran. The second half of the 19th century witnessed certain economic developments that greatly changed the economy of Shiraz. The opening of the Suez Canal in 1869 allowed the extensive import into southern Iran of inexpensive European factory-made goods, either directly from Europe or via India.<a href="#cite_note-Bahai-64">[61]</a> Farmers in unprecedented numbers began planting cash crops such as opium poppy, tobacco, and cotton. Many of these export crops passed through Shiraz on their way to the Persian Gulf. Iranian long-distance merchants from Fars developed marketing networks for these commodities, establishing trading houses in Bombay, Calcutta, Port Said, Istanbul and even Hong Kong.<a href="#cite_note-Bahai-64">[61]</a> Shiraz's economic base is in its provincial products, which include grapes, citrus fruits, cotton and rice.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-65">[62]</a> Industries such as cement production, sugar, fertilizers, textile products, wood products, metalwork and rugs dominate.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-65">[62]</a> Shirāz also has a major oil refinery and is also a major center for Iran's electronic industries. 53% of Iran's electronic investment has been centered in Shiraz.<a href="#cite_note-66">[63]</a> The Shiraz Special Economic Zone or the SEEZ was established in 2000 with the purpose of boosting manufacturing in electronics and communications.<a href="#cite_note-67">[64]</a><a href="#cite_note-68">[65]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Persian-Gulf-Shiraz.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Persian-Gulf-Shiraz.jpg/220px-Persian-Gulf-Shiraz.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="70" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1078" data-file-height="343"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 70px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Persian-Gulf-Shiraz.jpg/220px-Persian-Gulf-Shiraz.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="70" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Persian-Gulf-Shiraz.jpg/330px-Persian-Gulf-Shiraz.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Persian-Gulf-Shiraz.jpg/440px-Persian-Gulf-Shiraz.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Persian_Gulf_Complex" title="Persian Gulf Complex">Persian Gulf Complex</a></figcaption></figure> Shiraz is a major shopping destination in <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Middle_East" title="Middle East">Middle East</a>, with more than 25 malls and 10 <a href="/wiki/Bazaar" title="Bazaar">bazaars</a>.<a href="#cite_note-69">[66]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Persian_Gulf_Complex" title="Persian Gulf Complex">Persian Gulf Complex</a>, located at the north end of the city, is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_shopping_malls_in_the_world" class="mw-redirect" title="List of largest shopping malls in the world">largest mall in the world</a> in terms of the number of shops.<a href="#cite_note-70">[67]</a> The city is served by <a href="/wiki/Refah_Chain_Stores_Co." title="Refah Chain Stores Co.">Refah Chain Stores Co.</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iran_Hyper_Star" title="Iran Hyper Star">Iran Hyper Star</a>, <a href="/wiki/Isfahan_City_Center" title="Isfahan City Center">Isfahan City Center</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shahrvand_Chain_Stores_Inc." title="Shahrvand Chain Stores Inc.">Shahrvand Chain Stores Inc.</a>, and <a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%B1%DA%A9%D8%AA_%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B4%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%B2%D9%86%D8%AC%DB%8C%D8%B1%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%82_%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B4" class="extiw" title="fa:شرکت فروشگاه‌های زنجیره‌ای افق کوروش">Ofoq Kourosh chain store</a>. <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Shiraz_Panorama_2023_-_Photo_By_Mr._Hamid_Hassas.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Shiraz_Panorama_2023_-_Photo_By_Mr._Hamid_Hassas.jpg/800px-Shiraz_Panorama_2023_-_Photo_By_Mr._Hamid_Hassas.jpg" decoding="async" width="800" height="50" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="24000" data-file-height="1500"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 800px;height: 50px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Shiraz_Panorama_2023_-_Photo_By_Mr._Hamid_Hassas.jpg/800px-Shiraz_Panorama_2023_-_Photo_By_Mr._Hamid_Hassas.jpg" data-width="800" data-height="50" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Shiraz_Panorama_2023_-_Photo_By_Mr._Hamid_Hassas.jpg/1200px-Shiraz_Panorama_2023_-_Photo_By_Mr._Hamid_Hassas.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Shiraz_Panorama_2023_-_Photo_By_Mr._Hamid_Hassas.jpg/1600px-Shiraz_Panorama_2023_-_Photo_By_Mr._Hamid_Hassas.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Panoramic view of Shiraz at Daylight</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Shiraz_View.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Shiraz_View.jpg/800px-Shiraz_View.jpg" decoding="async" width="800" height="134" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="171"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 800px;height: 134px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Shiraz_View.jpg/800px-Shiraz_View.jpg" data-width="800" data-height="134" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b1/Shiraz_View.jpg 1.5x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Panoramic view of Shiraz at night</figcaption></figure> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Shiraz&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Culture" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Shiraz" title="Culture of Shiraz">Culture of Shiraz</a></div> Shiraz is known as the city of poets, gardens, wine, <a href="/wiki/Nightingale" class="mw-redirect" title="Nightingale">nightingales</a> and flowers.<a href="#cite_note-71">[68]</a><a href="#cite_note-72">[69]</a> The garden is an important part of Iranian culture. There are many old gardens in Shiraz such as the <a href="/wiki/Eram_garden" class="mw-redirect" title="Eram garden">Eram garden</a> and the Afif abad garden. According to some people,[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch#Unsupported_attributions" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch">who?</a>] Shiraz "disputes with <a href="/wiki/Xeres" class="mw-redirect" title="Xeres">Xeres</a> [or Jerez] in Spain the honour of being the birthplace of <a href="/wiki/Sherry" title="Sherry">sherry</a>."<a href="#cite_note-73">[70]</a> <a href="/wiki/Shirazi_wine" class="mw-redirect" title="Shirazi wine">Shirazi wine</a> originates from the city; however, under the current Islamic regime, liquor cannot be consumed except by religious minorities.<a href="#cite_note-74">[71]</a> Shiraz is proud of being mother land of <a href="/wiki/Hafiz_Shirazi" class="mw-redirect" title="Hafiz Shirazi">Hafiz Shirazi</a>. Shiraz is a center for Iranian culture and has produced a number of famous poets. <a href="/wiki/Saadi_(poet)" class="mw-redirect" title="Saadi (poet)">Saadi</a>, a 12th- and 13th-century poet was born in Shiraz. He left his native town at a young age for <a href="/wiki/Baghdad" title="Baghdad">Baghdad</a> to study <a href="/wiki/Arabic_literature" title="Arabic literature">Arabic literature</a> and <a href="/wiki/Islamic_Science" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic Science">Islamic sciences</a> at <a href="/wiki/Al-Nizamiyya_of_Baghdad" title="Al-Nizamiyya of Baghdad">Al-Nizamiyya of Baghdad</a>. When he reappeared in his native Shiraz, he was an elderly man. Shiraz, under Atabak Abubakr Sa'd ibn Zangy (1231–1260) was enjoying an era of relative tranquility. Saadi was not only welcomed to the city but he was highly respected by the ruler and enumerated among the greats of the province. He seems to have spent the rest of his life in Shiraz. Hafiz, another famous poet and mystic was also born in Shiraz. A number of scientists also originate from Shiraz. <a href="/wiki/Qutb_al-Din_al-Shirazi" title="Qutb al-Din al-Shirazi">Qutb al-Din al-Shirazi</a>, a 13th-century astronomer, mathematician, physician, physicist and scientist was from Shiraz. In his The Limit of Accomplishment concerning Knowledge of the Heavens, he also discussed the possibility of <a href="/wiki/Heliocentrism" title="Heliocentrism">heliocentrism</a>.<a href="#cite_note-75">[72]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"><h2 id="Tourism">Tourism</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Shiraz&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Tourism" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> The city holds significant importance as a tourism destination in Iran, with its cultural heritage being globally recognized. <a href="#cite_note-76">[73]</a> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 182.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180.66666666667px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Darvazeghoran,_Iran_shiraz.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Qur'an Gate was a part of the great city wall built under the Buyid dynasty"><noscript><img alt="The Qur'an Gate was a part of the great city wall built under the Buyid dynasty" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Darvazeghoran%2C_Iran_shiraz.jpg/271px-Darvazeghoran%2C_Iran_shiraz.jpg" decoding="async" width="181" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="1596"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 181px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Darvazeghoran%2C_Iran_shiraz.jpg/271px-Darvazeghoran%2C_Iran_shiraz.jpg" data-alt="The Qur'an Gate was a part of the great city wall built under the Buyid dynasty" data-width="181" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Darvazeghoran%2C_Iran_shiraz.jpg/406px-Darvazeghoran%2C_Iran_shiraz.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Darvazeghoran%2C_Iran_shiraz.jpg/542px-Darvazeghoran%2C_Iran_shiraz.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext">The <a href="/wiki/Qur%27an_Gate" title="Qur'an Gate">Qur'an Gate</a> was a part of the great city wall built under the <a href="/wiki/Buyid_dynasty" title="Buyid dynasty">Buyid dynasty</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160.66666666667px;"><a href="/wiki/File:H%C3%A1fezova_hrobka.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Tomb of Hafez, in memory of the celebrated Persian poet Hafez"><noscript><img alt="Tomb of Hafez, in memory of the celebrated Persian poet Hafez" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/H%C3%A1fezova_hrobka.jpg/241px-H%C3%A1fezova_hrobka.jpg" decoding="async" width="161" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3169" data-file-height="2365"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 161px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/H%C3%A1fezova_hrobka.jpg/241px-H%C3%A1fezova_hrobka.jpg" data-alt="Tomb of Hafez, in memory of the celebrated Persian poet Hafez" data-width="161" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/H%C3%A1fezova_hrobka.jpg/362px-H%C3%A1fezova_hrobka.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/H%C3%A1fezova_hrobka.jpg/483px-H%C3%A1fezova_hrobka.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Tomb_of_Hafez" title="Tomb of Hafez">Tomb of Hafez</a>, in memory of the celebrated <a href="/wiki/Persian_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Persian people">Persian</a> poet <a href="/wiki/Hafez" title="Hafez">Hafez</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 168.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 166.66666666667px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Delgosha_Garden,_Shiraz.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Delgosha Garden"><noscript><img alt="Delgosha Garden" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Delgosha_Garden%2C_Shiraz.jpg/250px-Delgosha_Garden%2C_Shiraz.jpg" decoding="async" width="167" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="5544" data-file-height="4000"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 167px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Delgosha_Garden%2C_Shiraz.jpg/250px-Delgosha_Garden%2C_Shiraz.jpg" data-alt="Delgosha Garden" data-width="167" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Delgosha_Garden%2C_Shiraz.jpg/374px-Delgosha_Garden%2C_Shiraz.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Delgosha_Garden%2C_Shiraz.jpg/499px-Delgosha_Garden%2C_Shiraz.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Delgosha_Garden" title="Delgosha Garden">Delgosha Garden</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 186px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 184px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Ghavam_Garden,_Shiraz.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Qavam House"><noscript><img alt="Qavam House" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ghavam_Garden%2C_Shiraz.jpg/276px-Ghavam_Garden%2C_Shiraz.jpg" decoding="async" width="184" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="3916"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 184px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ghavam_Garden%2C_Shiraz.jpg/276px-Ghavam_Garden%2C_Shiraz.jpg" data-alt="Qavam House" data-width="184" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ghavam_Garden%2C_Shiraz.jpg/414px-Ghavam_Garden%2C_Shiraz.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ghavam_Garden%2C_Shiraz.jpg/552px-Ghavam_Garden%2C_Shiraz.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Qavam_House" title="Qavam House">Qavam House</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 202.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 200.66666666667px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Nasir_al-_mulk_mosque,_Shiraz.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Nasirul-Molk Mosque"><noscript><img alt="Nasirul-Molk Mosque" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Nasir_al-_mulk_mosque%2C_Shiraz.jpg/301px-Nasir_al-_mulk_mosque%2C_Shiraz.jpg" decoding="async" width="201" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1148"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 201px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Nasir_al-_mulk_mosque%2C_Shiraz.jpg/301px-Nasir_al-_mulk_mosque%2C_Shiraz.jpg" data-alt="Nasirul-Molk Mosque" data-width="201" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Nasir_al-_mulk_mosque%2C_Shiraz.jpg/452px-Nasir_al-_mulk_mosque%2C_Shiraz.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Nasir_al-_mulk_mosque%2C_Shiraz.jpg/602px-Nasir_al-_mulk_mosque%2C_Shiraz.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Nasir-ol-molk_Mosque" class="mw-redirect" title="Nasir-ol-molk Mosque">Nasirul-Molk Mosque</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 179.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 177.33333333333px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Afif-Abad_Garden,_Shiraz.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Afif-Abad Garden (Arms Museum)"><noscript><img alt="Afif-Abad Garden (Arms Museum)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Afif-Abad_Garden%2C_Shiraz.jpg/266px-Afif-Abad_Garden%2C_Shiraz.jpg" decoding="async" width="178" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="5904" data-file-height="4000"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 178px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Afif-Abad_Garden%2C_Shiraz.jpg/266px-Afif-Abad_Garden%2C_Shiraz.jpg" data-alt="Afif-Abad Garden (Arms Museum)" data-width="178" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Afif-Abad_Garden%2C_Shiraz.jpg/399px-Afif-Abad_Garden%2C_Shiraz.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Afif-Abad_Garden%2C_Shiraz.jpg/532px-Afif-Abad_Garden%2C_Shiraz.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Afif-Abad_Garden" title="Afif-Abad Garden">Afif-Abad Garden (Arms Museum)</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 213.33333333333px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Eram_Garden_94.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Eram Garden"><noscript><img alt="Eram Garden" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Eram_Garden_94.jpg/320px-Eram_Garden_94.jpg" decoding="async" width="214" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="844"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 214px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Eram_Garden_94.jpg/320px-Eram_Garden_94.jpg" data-alt="Eram Garden" data-width="214" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Eram_Garden_94.jpg/480px-Eram_Garden_94.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Eram_Garden_94.jpg/640px-Eram_Garden_94.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Eram_Garden" title="Eram Garden">Eram Garden</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 182.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180.66666666667px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Shahpouri-House-in-Shiraz-Persia-Photo-by-Hossein-Amini.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Shapouri House"><noscript><img alt="Shapouri House" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Shahpouri-House-in-Shiraz-Persia-Photo-by-Hossein-Amini.jpg/271px-Shahpouri-House-in-Shiraz-Persia-Photo-by-Hossein-Amini.jpg" decoding="async" width="181" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1715" data-file-height="1139"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 181px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Shahpouri-House-in-Shiraz-Persia-Photo-by-Hossein-Amini.jpg/271px-Shahpouri-House-in-Shiraz-Persia-Photo-by-Hossein-Amini.jpg" data-alt="Shapouri House" data-width="181" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Shahpouri-House-in-Shiraz-Persia-Photo-by-Hossein-Amini.jpg/407px-Shahpouri-House-in-Shiraz-Persia-Photo-by-Hossein-Amini.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Shahpouri-House-in-Shiraz-Persia-Photo-by-Hossein-Amini.jpg/542px-Shahpouri-House-in-Shiraz-Persia-Photo-by-Hossein-Amini.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Shapouri_House" title="Shapouri House">Shapouri House</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 175.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 173.33333333333px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Mausoleo_de_Saadi,_Shiraz,_Ir%C3%A1n,_2016-09-24,_DD_02.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Tomb of Saadi"><noscript><img alt="Tomb of Saadi" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Mausoleo_de_Saadi%2C_Shiraz%2C_Ir%C3%A1n%2C_2016-09-24%2C_DD_02.jpg/260px-Mausoleo_de_Saadi%2C_Shiraz%2C_Ir%C3%A1n%2C_2016-09-24%2C_DD_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="174" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="8017" data-file-height="5559"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 174px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Mausoleo_de_Saadi%2C_Shiraz%2C_Ir%C3%A1n%2C_2016-09-24%2C_DD_02.jpg/260px-Mausoleo_de_Saadi%2C_Shiraz%2C_Ir%C3%A1n%2C_2016-09-24%2C_DD_02.jpg" data-alt="Tomb of Saadi" data-width="174" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Mausoleo_de_Saadi%2C_Shiraz%2C_Ir%C3%A1n%2C_2016-09-24%2C_DD_02.jpg/390px-Mausoleo_de_Saadi%2C_Shiraz%2C_Ir%C3%A1n%2C_2016-09-24%2C_DD_02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Mausoleo_de_Saadi%2C_Shiraz%2C_Ir%C3%A1n%2C_2016-09-24%2C_DD_02.jpg/519px-Mausoleo_de_Saadi%2C_Shiraz%2C_Ir%C3%A1n%2C_2016-09-24%2C_DD_02.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Tomb_of_Saadi" title="Tomb of Saadi">Tomb of Saadi</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 182px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Khwaju_Kermani%27s_tomb,_Shiraz.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Khwaju Kermani's tomb"><noscript><img alt="Khwaju Kermani's tomb" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Khwaju_Kermani%27s_tomb%2C_Shiraz.jpg/270px-Khwaju_Kermani%27s_tomb%2C_Shiraz.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 180px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Khwaju_Kermani%27s_tomb%2C_Shiraz.jpg/270px-Khwaju_Kermani%27s_tomb%2C_Shiraz.jpg" data-alt="Khwaju Kermani's tomb" data-width="180" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Khwaju_Kermani%27s_tomb%2C_Shiraz.jpg/405px-Khwaju_Kermani%27s_tomb%2C_Shiraz.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Khwaju_Kermani%27s_tomb%2C_Shiraz.jpg/540px-Khwaju_Kermani%27s_tomb%2C_Shiraz.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Khwaju_Kermani" title="Khwaju Kermani">Khwaju Kermani</a>'s tomb</div> </li> </ul> <ul><li>The tombs of <a href="/wiki/Tomb_of_Hafez" title="Tomb of Hafez">Hafiz</a>,<a href="#cite_note-SalakIran-77">[74]</a> <a href="/wiki/Saadi_(poet)" class="mw-redirect" title="Saadi (poet)">Saadi</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Khwaju_Kermani" title="Khwaju Kermani">Khaju e Kermani</a> (whose tomb is inside a mountain above the city's <a href="/wiki/Qur%27an_Gate" title="Qur'an Gate">Qur'an Gate</a>). Other lesser known tombs are that of <a href="/wiki/Shah_Shoja" class="mw-redirect" title="Shah Shoja">Shah Shoja</a>' (the <a href="/wiki/Muzaffarids_(Iran)" title="Muzaffarids (Iran)">Mozafarid</a> emir of Persia, and patron of Hafiz), and the Haft Tanan mausoleum, where seven <a href="/wiki/Sufism" title="Sufism">Sufi</a> mystics are buried. The Tomb of <a href="/wiki/Baba_Kuhi_of_Shiraz" title="Baba Kuhi of Shiraz">Baba Kuhi</a> sits atop a mountain overlooking the city, and the tomb of <a href="/wiki/Karim_Khan" class="mw-redirect" title="Karim Khan">Karim Khan</a> Zand is at the <a href="/wiki/Pars_Museum_of_Shiraz" class="mw-redirect" title="Pars Museum of Shiraz">Pars Museum of Shiraz</a>.</li> <li>The oldest mosque is <a href="/wiki/Atigh_Jame%27_Mosque" class="mw-redirect" title="Atigh Jame' Mosque">Atigh Jame' Mosque</a>, followed by <a href="/wiki/Vakil_Mosque" title="Vakil Mosque">Vakil Mosque</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nasir_al-Mulk_mosque" class="mw-redirect" title="Nasir al-Mulk mosque">Nasir al-Mulk mosque</a>.</li> <li>The citadel of <a href="/wiki/Arg_of_Karim_Khan" title="Arg of Karim Khan">Arg of Karim Khan</a> sits adjacent to the <a href="/wiki/Vakil_Bazaar" title="Vakil Bazaar">Vakil Bazaar</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vakil_Bath" class="mw-redirect" title="Vakil Bath">Vakil Bath</a> at the city's central district.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Qur%27an_Gate" title="Qur'an Gate">Qur'an Gate</a> is the entrance to Shiraz. It is located near the gorge of Allah-o-Akbar and is flanked by the Baba Kuhi and Chehel Maqam mountains. The gateway once contained two hand-written Qur'āns by <a href="/wiki/Sultan_Ibrahim_Bin_Shahrukh_Gurekani" class="mw-redirect" title="Sultan Ibrahim Bin Shahrukh Gurekani">Sultan Ibrahim Bin Shahrukh Gurekani</a> in an upper room, which have now been moved to the Pars Museum.<a href="#cite_note-78">[75]</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Eram_Garden" title="Eram Garden">Eram Garden</a> (Bagh-e Eram) in Shiraz is a location for visitors with a variety of plants as well as a mansion.</li></ul> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 182px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Pars_Museum,_Shiraz.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pars Museum"><noscript><img alt="Pars Museum" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Pars_Museum%2C_Shiraz.jpg/270px-Pars_Museum%2C_Shiraz.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 180px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Pars_Museum%2C_Shiraz.jpg/270px-Pars_Museum%2C_Shiraz.jpg" data-alt="Pars Museum" data-width="180" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Pars_Museum%2C_Shiraz.jpg/405px-Pars_Museum%2C_Shiraz.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Pars_Museum%2C_Shiraz.jpg/540px-Pars_Museum%2C_Shiraz.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Pars_Museum" title="Pars Museum">Pars Museum</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 196.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 194.66666666667px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Atigh_Mosque,_Shiraz.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Atigh Mosque"><noscript><img alt="Atigh Mosque" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Atigh_Mosque%2C_Shiraz.jpg/292px-Atigh_Mosque%2C_Shiraz.jpg" decoding="async" width="195" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="5928" data-file-height="3652"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 195px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Atigh_Mosque%2C_Shiraz.jpg/292px-Atigh_Mosque%2C_Shiraz.jpg" data-alt="Atigh Mosque" data-width="195" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Atigh_Mosque%2C_Shiraz.jpg/439px-Atigh_Mosque%2C_Shiraz.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Atigh_Mosque%2C_Shiraz.jpg/585px-Atigh_Mosque%2C_Shiraz.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Atigh_Jame%27_Mosque" class="mw-redirect" title="Atigh Jame' Mosque">Atigh Mosque</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 182px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Luna_Park,_Shiraz.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Luna Park"><noscript><img alt="Luna Park" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Luna_Park%2C_Shiraz.jpg/270px-Luna_Park%2C_Shiraz.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 180px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Luna_Park%2C_Shiraz.jpg/270px-Luna_Park%2C_Shiraz.jpg" data-alt="Luna Park" data-width="180" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Luna_Park%2C_Shiraz.jpg/405px-Luna_Park%2C_Shiraz.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Luna_Park%2C_Shiraz.jpg/540px-Luna_Park%2C_Shiraz.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luna_Park,_Shiraz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Luna Park, Shiraz (page does not exist)">Luna Park</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 172px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 170px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Jahan_Nama_Garden,_Shiraz.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Jahan Nama Garden"><noscript><img alt="Jahan Nama Garden" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Jahan_Nama_Garden%2C_Shiraz.jpg/255px-Jahan_Nama_Garden%2C_Shiraz.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="5664" data-file-height="4000"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 170px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Jahan_Nama_Garden%2C_Shiraz.jpg/255px-Jahan_Nama_Garden%2C_Shiraz.jpg" data-alt="Jahan Nama Garden" data-width="170" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Jahan_Nama_Garden%2C_Shiraz.jpg/383px-Jahan_Nama_Garden%2C_Shiraz.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Jahan_Nama_Garden%2C_Shiraz.jpg/510px-Jahan_Nama_Garden%2C_Shiraz.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jahan_Nama_Garden&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jahan Nama Garden (page does not exist)">Jahan Nama Garden</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 194.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 192.66666666667px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Saraye_Moshir,_Shiraz.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Saraye Moshir"><noscript><img alt="Saraye Moshir" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Saraye_Moshir%2C_Shiraz.jpg/289px-Saraye_Moshir%2C_Shiraz.jpg" decoding="async" width="193" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="3736"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 193px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Saraye_Moshir%2C_Shiraz.jpg/289px-Saraye_Moshir%2C_Shiraz.jpg" data-alt="Saraye Moshir" data-width="193" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Saraye_Moshir%2C_Shiraz.jpg/434px-Saraye_Moshir%2C_Shiraz.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Saraye_Moshir%2C_Shiraz.jpg/578px-Saraye_Moshir%2C_Shiraz.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Saraye_Moshir" title="Saraye Moshir">Saraye Moshir</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 182px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Ghavam_ol_Molk_House,_Shiraz.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ghavam ol Molk Mansion"><noscript><img alt="Ghavam ol Molk Mansion" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Ghavam_ol_Molk_House%2C_Shiraz.jpg/270px-Ghavam_ol_Molk_House%2C_Shiraz.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 180px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Ghavam_ol_Molk_House%2C_Shiraz.jpg/270px-Ghavam_ol_Molk_House%2C_Shiraz.jpg" data-alt="Ghavam ol Molk Mansion" data-width="180" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Ghavam_ol_Molk_House%2C_Shiraz.jpg/405px-Ghavam_ol_Molk_House%2C_Shiraz.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Ghavam_ol_Molk_House%2C_Shiraz.jpg/540px-Ghavam_ol_Molk_House%2C_Shiraz.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ghavam_ol_Molk_Mansion&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ghavam ol Molk Mansion (page does not exist)">Ghavam ol Molk Mansion</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 182px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Zinat_ol_Molk_House,_Shiraz.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Zinat ol Molk Mansion"><noscript><img alt="Zinat ol Molk Mansion" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Zinat_ol_Molk_House%2C_Shiraz.jpg/270px-Zinat_ol_Molk_House%2C_Shiraz.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 180px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Zinat_ol_Molk_House%2C_Shiraz.jpg/270px-Zinat_ol_Molk_House%2C_Shiraz.jpg" data-alt="Zinat ol Molk Mansion" data-width="180" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Zinat_ol_Molk_House%2C_Shiraz.jpg/405px-Zinat_ol_Molk_House%2C_Shiraz.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Zinat_ol_Molk_House%2C_Shiraz.jpg/540px-Zinat_ol_Molk_House%2C_Shiraz.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zinat_ol_Molk_Mansion&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zinat ol Molk Mansion (page does not exist)">Zinat ol Molk Mansion</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 182px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Saadat_House,_Shiraz.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Saadat Mansion"><noscript><img alt="Saadat Mansion" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Saadat_House%2C_Shiraz.jpg/270px-Saadat_House%2C_Shiraz.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 180px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Saadat_House%2C_Shiraz.jpg/270px-Saadat_House%2C_Shiraz.jpg" data-alt="Saadat Mansion" data-width="180" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Saadat_House%2C_Shiraz.jpg/405px-Saadat_House%2C_Shiraz.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Saadat_House%2C_Shiraz.jpg/540px-Saadat_House%2C_Shiraz.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saadat_Mansion&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saadat Mansion (page does not exist)">Saadat Mansion</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 126px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 124px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Bazaar_de_Vakil,_Shiraz,_Ir%C3%A1n,_2016-09-24,_DD_55.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vakil Bazaar"><noscript><img alt="Vakil Bazaar" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Bazaar_de_Vakil%2C_Shiraz%2C_Ir%C3%A1n%2C_2016-09-24%2C_DD_55.jpg/186px-Bazaar_de_Vakil%2C_Shiraz%2C_Ir%C3%A1n%2C_2016-09-24%2C_DD_55.jpg" decoding="async" width="124" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4923" data-file-height="4777"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 124px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Bazaar_de_Vakil%2C_Shiraz%2C_Ir%C3%A1n%2C_2016-09-24%2C_DD_55.jpg/186px-Bazaar_de_Vakil%2C_Shiraz%2C_Ir%C3%A1n%2C_2016-09-24%2C_DD_55.jpg" data-alt="Vakil Bazaar" data-width="124" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Bazaar_de_Vakil%2C_Shiraz%2C_Ir%C3%A1n%2C_2016-09-24%2C_DD_55.jpg/278px-Bazaar_de_Vakil%2C_Shiraz%2C_Ir%C3%A1n%2C_2016-09-24%2C_DD_55.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Bazaar_de_Vakil%2C_Shiraz%2C_Ir%C3%A1n%2C_2016-09-24%2C_DD_55.jpg/371px-Bazaar_de_Vakil%2C_Shiraz%2C_Ir%C3%A1n%2C_2016-09-24%2C_DD_55.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Vakil_Bazaar" title="Vakil Bazaar">Vakil Bazaar</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 249.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 247.33333333333px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Vakil_mosque_Panorama.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vakil Mosque"><noscript><img alt="Vakil Mosque" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Vakil_mosque_Panorama.jpg/371px-Vakil_mosque_Panorama.jpg" decoding="async" width="248" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="932"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 248px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Vakil_mosque_Panorama.jpg/371px-Vakil_mosque_Panorama.jpg" data-alt="Vakil Mosque" data-width="248" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Vakil_mosque_Panorama.jpg/557px-Vakil_mosque_Panorama.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Vakil_mosque_Panorama.jpg/742px-Vakil_mosque_Panorama.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Vakil_Mosque" title="Vakil Mosque">Vakil Mosque</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 213.33333333333px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Vakil_water_storage.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Water Museum"><noscript><img alt="Water Museum" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Vakil_water_storage.jpg/320px-Vakil_water_storage.jpg" decoding="async" width="214" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1080"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 214px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Vakil_water_storage.jpg/320px-Vakil_water_storage.jpg" data-alt="Water Museum" data-width="214" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Vakil_water_storage.jpg/480px-Vakil_water_storage.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Vakil_water_storage.jpg/640px-Vakil_water_storage.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Vakil_Water_Storage" title="Vakil Water Storage">Water Museum</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 189.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 187.33333333333px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Ba%C3%B1os_de_Vakil,_Shiraz,_Ir%C3%A1n,_2016-09-24,_DD_36-38_HDR.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vakil Bath"><noscript><img alt="Vakil Bath" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Ba%C3%B1os_de_Vakil%2C_Shiraz%2C_Ir%C3%A1n%2C_2016-09-24%2C_DD_36-38_HDR.jpg/281px-Ba%C3%B1os_de_Vakil%2C_Shiraz%2C_Ir%C3%A1n%2C_2016-09-24%2C_DD_36-38_HDR.jpg" decoding="async" width="188" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="8104" data-file-height="5192"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 188px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Ba%C3%B1os_de_Vakil%2C_Shiraz%2C_Ir%C3%A1n%2C_2016-09-24%2C_DD_36-38_HDR.jpg/281px-Ba%C3%B1os_de_Vakil%2C_Shiraz%2C_Ir%C3%A1n%2C_2016-09-24%2C_DD_36-38_HDR.jpg" data-alt="Vakil Bath" data-width="188" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Ba%C3%B1os_de_Vakil%2C_Shiraz%2C_Ir%C3%A1n%2C_2016-09-24%2C_DD_36-38_HDR.jpg/422px-Ba%C3%B1os_de_Vakil%2C_Shiraz%2C_Ir%C3%A1n%2C_2016-09-24%2C_DD_36-38_HDR.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Ba%C3%B1os_de_Vakil%2C_Shiraz%2C_Ir%C3%A1n%2C_2016-09-24%2C_DD_36-38_HDR.jpg/562px-Ba%C3%B1os_de_Vakil%2C_Shiraz%2C_Ir%C3%A1n%2C_2016-09-24%2C_DD_36-38_HDR.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Vakil_Bath" class="mw-redirect" title="Vakil Bath">Vakil Bath</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 182px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Stone_Museum,_Shiraz.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Stone Museum"><noscript><img alt="Stone Museum" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Stone_Museum%2C_Shiraz.jpg/270px-Stone_Museum%2C_Shiraz.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 180px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Stone_Museum%2C_Shiraz.jpg/270px-Stone_Museum%2C_Shiraz.jpg" data-alt="Stone Museum" data-width="180" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Stone_Museum%2C_Shiraz.jpg/405px-Stone_Museum%2C_Shiraz.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Stone_Museum%2C_Shiraz.jpg/540px-Stone_Museum%2C_Shiraz.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stone_Museum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stone Museum (page does not exist)">Stone Museum</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Madresyekhaan_(1).JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Khan School"><noscript><img alt="Khan School" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Madresyekhaan_%281%29.JPG/240px-Madresyekhaan_%281%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 160px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Madresyekhaan_%281%29.JPG/240px-Madresyekhaan_%281%29.JPG" data-alt="Khan School" data-width="160" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Madresyekhaan_%281%29.JPG/360px-Madresyekhaan_%281%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Madresyekhaan_%281%29.JPG/480px-Madresyekhaan_%281%29.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khan_School&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Khan School (page does not exist)">Khan School</a></div> </li> </ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Margoon_Waterfall" title="Margoon Waterfall">Margoon Waterfall</a> is located in the <a href="/wiki/Fars_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Fars Province">Fars Province</a> of <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a> near the city of <a href="/wiki/Ardakan,_Fars" title="Ardakan, Fars">Sepidan</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shapur_cave" title="Shapur cave">Shapur cave</a> is located in the <a href="/wiki/Zagros_Mountains" title="Zagros Mountains">Zagros Mountains</a>, in southern <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a>, about 6 kilometres (3.7 miles) from the city of <a href="/wiki/Bishapur" title="Bishapur">Bishapur</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sangtarashan_cave" title="Sangtarashan cave">Sangtarashan cave</a> is located in the <a href="/wiki/Jahrom" title="Jahrom">Jahrom</a>, in southern <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palace_of_Ardashir" title="Palace of Ardashir">Palace of Ardashir</a>, also known as the Atash-kadeh, is a castle located on the slopes of the mountain on which <a href="/wiki/Ghal%27eh_Dokhtar" class="mw-redirect" title="Ghal'eh Dokhtar">Dezh Dokhtar</a> is situated. Built in AD 224 by King <a href="/wiki/Ardashir_I" title="Ardashir I">Ardashir I</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Sassanian_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Sassanian Empire">Sassanian Empire</a>, it is located two kilometres (1.2 miles) north of the ancient city of Gor.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pooladkaf" title="Pooladkaf">Pooladkaf</a> is a <a href="/wiki/Ski_resort" title="Ski resort">ski resort</a> in the south of <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a>. It opened in 2002.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Sarvestan_Palace" title="Sarvestan Palace">Sarvestan Palace</a> is a <a href="/wiki/Sassanid_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Sassanid Empire">Sassanid</a>-era building in the <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iranian</a> city of <a href="/wiki/Sarvestan" title="Sarvestan">Sarvestan</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qal%27eh_Dokhtar" title="Qal'eh Dokhtar">Qal'eh Dokhtar</a>, is a castle made by <a href="/wiki/Ardashir_I" title="Ardashir I">Ardashir I</a>, in present-day <a href="/wiki/Fars_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Fars Province">Fars</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a>, in 209 AD.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maharloo_Lake" title="Maharloo Lake">Maharloo Lake</a>. Maharloo is a seasonal salt lake about an hour away from Shiraz, with a dominant pink hue because of the amount of red tide in it; however, the strength of the color differs in various times of the year. It is also known as the pink lake.<a href="#cite_note-79">[76]</a></li></ul> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 92px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 90px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Margoon_Waterfall_-_panoramio.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Margoon Waterfall"><noscript><img alt="Margoon Waterfall" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Margoon_Waterfall_-_panoramio.jpg/135px-Margoon_Waterfall_-_panoramio.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1704" data-file-height="2272"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 90px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Margoon_Waterfall_-_panoramio.jpg/135px-Margoon_Waterfall_-_panoramio.jpg" data-alt="Margoon Waterfall" data-width="90" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Margoon_Waterfall_-_panoramio.jpg/202px-Margoon_Waterfall_-_panoramio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Margoon_Waterfall_-_panoramio.jpg/270px-Margoon_Waterfall_-_panoramio.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Margoon_Waterfall" title="Margoon Waterfall">Margoon Waterfall</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 186.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 184.66666666667px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Shapour_statue.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Shapur cave"><noscript><img alt="Shapur cave" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Shapour_statue.jpg/277px-Shapour_statue.jpg" decoding="async" width="185" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="1960"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 185px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Shapour_statue.jpg/277px-Shapour_statue.jpg" data-alt="Shapur cave" data-width="185" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Shapour_statue.jpg/415px-Shapour_statue.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Shapour_statue.jpg/553px-Shapour_statue.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Shapur_cave" title="Shapur cave">Shapur cave</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Gole_ashk_(2536129888).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Plain of Fritillaria imperialis, Sepidan County"><noscript><img alt="Plain of Fritillaria imperialis, Sepidan County" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Gole_ashk_%282536129888%29.jpg/240px-Gole_ashk_%282536129888%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 160px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Gole_ashk_%282536129888%29.jpg/240px-Gole_ashk_%282536129888%29.jpg" data-alt="Plain of Fritillaria imperialis, Sepidan County" data-width="160" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Gole_ashk_%282536129888%29.jpg/360px-Gole_ashk_%282536129888%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Gole_ashk_%282536129888%29.jpg/480px-Gole_ashk_%282536129888%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Plain of <a href="/wiki/Fritillaria_imperialis" title="Fritillaria imperialis">Fritillaria imperialis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sepidan_County" title="Sepidan County">Sepidan County</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 92px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 90px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Pooladkaf_Ski_Resort.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pooladkaf Ski Resort"><noscript><img alt="Pooladkaf Ski Resort" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Pooladkaf_Ski_Resort.jpg/135px-Pooladkaf_Ski_Resort.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="800"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 90px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Pooladkaf_Ski_Resort.jpg/135px-Pooladkaf_Ski_Resort.jpg" data-alt="Pooladkaf Ski Resort" data-width="90" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Pooladkaf_Ski_Resort.jpg/202px-Pooladkaf_Ski_Resort.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Pooladkaf_Ski_Resort.jpg/270px-Pooladkaf_Ski_Resort.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Pooladkaf" title="Pooladkaf">Pooladkaf Ski Resort</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 198px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 196px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Sarvestan_Palace_4.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Sassanid Palace at Sarvestan"><noscript><img alt="Sassanid Palace at Sarvestan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Sarvestan_Palace_4.jpg/294px-Sarvestan_Palace_4.jpg" decoding="async" width="196" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1071" data-file-height="657"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 196px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Sarvestan_Palace_4.jpg/294px-Sarvestan_Palace_4.jpg" data-alt="Sassanid Palace at Sarvestan" data-width="196" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Sarvestan_Palace_4.jpg/440px-Sarvestan_Palace_4.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Sarvestan_Palace_4.jpg/587px-Sarvestan_Palace_4.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Sarvestan_Palace" title="Sarvestan Palace">Sassanid Palace</a> at <a href="/wiki/Sarvestan" title="Sarvestan">Sarvestan</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Ghaledokhtar_Firuzabad_Fars.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Qal'eh Dokhtar"><noscript><img alt="Qal'eh Dokhtar" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Ghaledokhtar_Firuzabad_Fars.jpg/240px-Ghaledokhtar_Firuzabad_Fars.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 160px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Ghaledokhtar_Firuzabad_Fars.jpg/240px-Ghaledokhtar_Firuzabad_Fars.jpg" data-alt="Qal'eh Dokhtar" data-width="160" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Ghaledokhtar_Firuzabad_Fars.jpg/360px-Ghaledokhtar_Firuzabad_Fars.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Ghaledokhtar_Firuzabad_Fars.jpg/480px-Ghaledokhtar_Firuzabad_Fars.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Qal%27eh_Dokhtar" title="Qal'eh Dokhtar">Qal'eh Dokhtar</a></div> </li> </ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(8)"><h2 id="Higher_education">Higher education</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Shiraz&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Higher education" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-8 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-8"> Shiraz is home to a vibrant academic community. The <a href="/wiki/Shiraz_University_of_Medical_Sciences" title="Shiraz University of Medical Sciences">Shiraz University of Medical Sciences</a> was the first university in Shiraz and was founded in 1946. Much older is the august Madrasa-e-Khan, or <a href="/w/index.php?title=Khan_Theological_School&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Khan Theological School (page does not exist)">Khan Theological School</a>, with about 600 students; its tile-covered buildings date from 1627.<a href="#cite_note-80">[77]</a> Today <a href="/wiki/Shiraz_University" title="Shiraz University">Shiraz University</a> is the largest university in the province, and one of Iran's best academic centers. Other major universities in or nearby Shiraz are the <a href="/wiki/Islamic_Azad_University_of_Shiraz" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic Azad University of Shiraz">Islamic Azad University of Shiraz</a>,<a href="#cite_note-81">[78]</a> <a href="/wiki/Shiraz_University_of_Technology" title="Shiraz University of Technology">Shiraz University of Technology</a>, and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Shiraz_University_of_Applied_Science_and_Technology&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shiraz University of Applied Science and Technology (page does not exist)">Shiraz University of Applied Science and Technology</a>.<a href="#cite_note-82">[79]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Shiraz_Regional_Library_of_Science_and_Technology" class="mw-redirect" title="Shiraz Regional Library of Science and Technology">Shiraz Regional Library of Science and Technology</a> is a provincial library serving the public.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Virtual University of Shiraz is one of the sub colleges of <a href="/wiki/Shiraz_University" title="Shiraz University">Shiraz University</a>. </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(9)"><h2 id="Transportation">Transportation</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Shiraz&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Transportation" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-9 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-9"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Air">Air</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Shiraz&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Air" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Iran_Air_Airbus_A320_Talebzadeh.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Iran_Air_Airbus_A320_Talebzadeh.jpg/220px-Iran_Air_Airbus_A320_Talebzadeh.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="801"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Iran_Air_Airbus_A320_Talebzadeh.jpg/220px-Iran_Air_Airbus_A320_Talebzadeh.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Iran_Air_Airbus_A320_Talebzadeh.jpg/330px-Iran_Air_Airbus_A320_Talebzadeh.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Iran_Air_Airbus_A320_Talebzadeh.jpg/440px-Iran_Air_Airbus_A320_Talebzadeh.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>An <a href="/wiki/Iran_Air" title="Iran Air">Iran Air</a> <a href="/wiki/Airbus_A320_family" title="Airbus A320 family">Airbus A320</a> approaching Shiraz International Airport (2011)</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Shiraz_Shahid_Dastgheib_International_Airport" title="Shiraz Shahid Dastgheib International Airport">Shiraz International Airport</a>, also known as <a href="/wiki/Shiraz_Shahid_Dastgheib_International_Airport" title="Shiraz Shahid Dastgheib International Airport">Shiraz Shahid Dastgheib International Airport</a>, serves as the largest airport in southern <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Metro">Metro</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Shiraz&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Metro" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Shiraz_Metro" title="Shiraz Metro">Shiraz Metro</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vakil_Roaya_Metro_Station_1399060617504232121062774.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Vakil_Roaya_Metro_Station_1399060617504232121062774.jpg/220px-Vakil_Roaya_Metro_Station_1399060617504232121062774.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="133" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="483"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 133px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Vakil_Roaya_Metro_Station_1399060617504232121062774.jpg/220px-Vakil_Roaya_Metro_Station_1399060617504232121062774.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="133" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Vakil_Roaya_Metro_Station_1399060617504232121062774.jpg/330px-Vakil_Roaya_Metro_Station_1399060617504232121062774.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Vakil_Roaya_Metro_Station_1399060617504232121062774.jpg/440px-Vakil_Roaya_Metro_Station_1399060617504232121062774.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Shiraz_Metro" title="Shiraz Metro">Shiraz Metro</a></figcaption></figure> Construction of a <a href="/wiki/Shiraz_Metro" title="Shiraz Metro">metro system</a> was started in 2001 by the Shiraz Urban Railway Organization.<a href="#cite_note-83">[80]</a> The plan is to create six lines.<a href="#cite_note-84">[81]</a> The length of the first Line is 22.4 km (13.9 mi), the length of the second line will be approximately 14 km (8.7 mi).<a href="#cite_note-85">[82]</a> The first three lines, when completed, will have 32 stations below ground, six above, and one special station connected to the <a href="/wiki/Shiraz_railway_station" title="Shiraz railway station">railway station</a>. The first line was started in October 2014<a href="#cite_note-86">[83]</a> between Shahid Dastgheib (airport) Metro Station and <a href="/wiki/Ehsan_Metro_Station_(Shiraz)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ehsan Metro Station (Shiraz)">Ehsan</a> stations. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bus">Bus</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Shiraz&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Bus" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%88%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%B4%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B2_(4).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%88%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%B4%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B2_%284%29.jpg/220px-%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%88%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%B4%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B2_%284%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="700"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%88%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%B4%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B2_%284%29.jpg/220px-%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%88%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%B4%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B2_%284%29.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%88%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%B4%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B2_%284%29.jpg/330px-%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%88%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%B4%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B2_%284%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%88%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%B4%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B2_%284%29.jpg/440px-%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%88%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%B4%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B2_%284%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Shiraz has the <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a>'s third <a href="/wiki/Bus_rapid_transit" title="Bus rapid transit">Bus rapid transit</a>.</figcaption></figure> The Shiraz and suburbs bus organization was established in 1966. In that year, the company purchased 10 buses from the Iran National Company using both cash and installments. The company had a staff of 10 drivers, 40 assistant drivers, 50 ticket sellers, and 10 repairmen and inspectors. The daily salary of each full-time driver (6 am to 10 pm) was set at 160 rials, while assistant drivers and ticket sellers were set at 83 rials. With the purchased buses, the company launched lines one, two, and three, which were welcomed by the people. Now Shiraz has 71 bus lines.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]<a href="#cite_note-87">[84]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rail">Rail</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Shiraz&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Rail" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Shiraz_Train_Station.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Shiraz_Train_Station.jpg/220px-Shiraz_Train_Station.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="929" data-file-height="622"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Shiraz_Train_Station.jpg/220px-Shiraz_Train_Station.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Shiraz_Train_Station.jpg/330px-Shiraz_Train_Station.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Shiraz_Train_Station.jpg/440px-Shiraz_Train_Station.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Shiraz Train Station</figcaption></figure> Shiraz is connected with the rest of <a href="/wiki/Islamic_Republic_of_Iran_Railways" title="Islamic Republic of Iran Railways">Iran's railway network</a>. The trains arrive and leave from <a href="/wiki/Shiraz_railway_station" title="Shiraz railway station">Shiraz railway station</a>, Iran's largest railway station according to surface area.<a href="#cite_note-88">[85]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Roads">Roads</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Shiraz&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Roads" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Shiraz_2020_(18).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Shiraz_2020_%2818%29.jpg/220px-Shiraz_2020_%2818%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1049" data-file-height="700"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Shiraz_2020_%2818%29.jpg/220px-Shiraz_2020_%2818%29.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Shiraz_2020_%2818%29.jpg/330px-Shiraz_2020_%2818%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Shiraz_2020_%2818%29.jpg/440px-Shiraz_2020_%2818%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>View of Shiraz roads and bridges in 2020</figcaption></figure> There are 700,000 cars in the city of Shiraz.<a href="#cite_note-89">[86]</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Road_63_(Iran)" title="Road 63 (Iran)">Road 63</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Road_93_(Iran)" title="Road 93 (Iran)">Road 93</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(10)"><h2 id="Sports">Sports</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Shiraz&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Sports" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-10 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-10"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a>. Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Shiraz" title="Special:EditPage/Shiraz">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>. (January 2023) (<a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a>)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pars_Stadium_Photos_Image_6.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Pars_Stadium_Photos_Image_6.jpg/220px-Pars_Stadium_Photos_Image_6.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1080" data-file-height="732"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 149px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Pars_Stadium_Photos_Image_6.jpg/220px-Pars_Stadium_Photos_Image_6.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="149" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Pars_Stadium_Photos_Image_6.jpg/330px-Pars_Stadium_Photos_Image_6.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Pars_Stadium_Photos_Image_6.jpg/440px-Pars_Stadium_Photos_Image_6.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Pars_Shiraz_Stadium" title="Pars Shiraz Stadium">Pars Shiraz Stadium</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2016_Summer_Olympics,_Greco-Roman_Wrestling_81_kg_-_Shmagi_Bolkvadze_v_Omid_Norouzi.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/2016_Summer_Olympics%2C_Greco-Roman_Wrestling_81_kg_-_Shmagi_Bolkvadze_v_Omid_Norouzi.jpg/150px-2016_Summer_Olympics%2C_Greco-Roman_Wrestling_81_kg_-_Shmagi_Bolkvadze_v_Omid_Norouzi.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="211" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="533" data-file-height="751"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 150px;height: 211px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/2016_Summer_Olympics%2C_Greco-Roman_Wrestling_81_kg_-_Shmagi_Bolkvadze_v_Omid_Norouzi.jpg/150px-2016_Summer_Olympics%2C_Greco-Roman_Wrestling_81_kg_-_Shmagi_Bolkvadze_v_Omid_Norouzi.jpg" data-width="150" data-height="211" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/2016_Summer_Olympics%2C_Greco-Roman_Wrestling_81_kg_-_Shmagi_Bolkvadze_v_Omid_Norouzi.jpg/225px-2016_Summer_Olympics%2C_Greco-Roman_Wrestling_81_kg_-_Shmagi_Bolkvadze_v_Omid_Norouzi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/2016_Summer_Olympics%2C_Greco-Roman_Wrestling_81_kg_-_Shmagi_Bolkvadze_v_Omid_Norouzi.jpg/300px-2016_Summer_Olympics%2C_Greco-Roman_Wrestling_81_kg_-_Shmagi_Bolkvadze_v_Omid_Norouzi.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Omid_Norouzi" title="Omid Norouzi">Omid Norouzi</a>. 2012 Olympic gold medalist.</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">Football</a> is the most popular sport in Shiraz and the city has teams in this sport. The main sporting venue in Shiraz is <a href="/wiki/Hafezieh_Stadium" title="Hafezieh Stadium">Hafezieh Stadium</a> which can hold up to 20,000 people. Shiraz is also home to another stadium, <a href="/wiki/Pars_Shiraz_Stadium" title="Pars Shiraz Stadium">Pars Stadium</a>, which was completed in 2017, and can host up to 50,000 spectators. </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(11)"><h2 id="Notable_people">Notable people</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Shiraz&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Notable people" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-11 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-11"> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hafez_statute_at_Tehran%27s_Hafez_street.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Hafez_statute_at_Tehran%27s_Hafez_street.jpg/150px-Hafez_statute_at_Tehran%27s_Hafez_street.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="267" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1494" data-file-height="2656"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 150px;height: 267px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Hafez_statute_at_Tehran%27s_Hafez_street.jpg/150px-Hafez_statute_at_Tehran%27s_Hafez_street.jpg" data-width="150" data-height="267" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Hafez_statute_at_Tehran%27s_Hafez_street.jpg/225px-Hafez_statute_at_Tehran%27s_Hafez_street.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Hafez_statute_at_Tehran%27s_Hafez_street.jpg/300px-Hafez_statute_at_Tehran%27s_Hafez_street.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Hafez statue</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Shirazsaadi.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Shirazsaadi.jpg/150px-Shirazsaadi.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="200" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1944" data-file-height="2592"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 150px;height: 200px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Shirazsaadi.jpg/150px-Shirazsaadi.jpg" data-width="150" data-height="200" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Shirazsaadi.jpg/225px-Shirazsaadi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Shirazsaadi.jpg/300px-Shirazsaadi.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Saadi</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ghotb2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Ghotb2.jpg/150px-Ghotb2.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="205" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="683"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 150px;height: 205px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Ghotb2.jpg/150px-Ghotb2.jpg" data-width="150" data-height="205" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Ghotb2.jpg/225px-Ghotb2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Ghotb2.jpg/300px-Ghotb2.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Qutb al-Din al-Shirazi</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rulers_and_political_figures">Rulers and political figures</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Shiraz&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Rulers and political figures" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abish_Khatun" title="Abish Khatun">Absh Khatun</a>, 13th-century ruler</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karim_Khan_Zand" title="Karim Khan Zand">Karim Khan</a>, the ruler and de facto <a href="/wiki/Shah" title="Shah">Shah</a> of Iran from 1760 until 1779. He made Shiraz his capital.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valerie_Jarrett" title="Valerie Jarrett">Valerie Jarrett</a>, senior advisor to <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">United States President</a> <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a>, born in Shiraz to African-American parents.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamran_Bagheri_Lankarani" title="Kamran Bagheri Lankarani">Kamran Bagheri</a>. He was <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Health_and_Medical_Education" title="Ministry of Health and Medical Education">Minister of Health and Medical Education</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Delshad" title="Jimmy Delshad">Jimmy Delshad</a>, 67th and 70th <a href="/wiki/List_of_mayors_of_Beverly_Hills,_California" title="List of mayors of Beverly Hills, California">Mayor of Beverly Hills</a></li></ul> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Karim_Khan_painting_by_Muhammad_Sadiq.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Karim_Khan_painting_by_Muhammad_Sadiq.jpg/150px-Karim_Khan_painting_by_Muhammad_Sadiq.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="203" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="237" data-file-height="320"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 150px;height: 203px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Karim_Khan_painting_by_Muhammad_Sadiq.jpg/150px-Karim_Khan_painting_by_Muhammad_Sadiq.jpg" data-width="150" data-height="203" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Karim_Khan_painting_by_Muhammad_Sadiq.jpg/225px-Karim_Khan_painting_by_Muhammad_Sadiq.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6c/Karim_Khan_painting_by_Muhammad_Sadiq.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Karim Khan Zand</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religious_figures,_philosophers_and_theologians">Religious figures, philosophers and theologians</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Shiraz&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Religious figures, philosophers and theologians" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Mu%27ayyad_fi%27l-Din_al-Shirazi" title="Al-Mu'ayyad fi'l-Din al-Shirazi">Mu'ayyad fi'l-Din al-Shirazi</a>. He lived during the <a href="/wiki/Fatimid_Caliphate" title="Fatimid Caliphate">Fatimid Caliphate</a> and was considered one of the most learned scholars of that time, known as an author of Islamic books, a poet, and scientist.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mulla_Sadra" title="Mulla Sadra">Mulla Sadra</a>, Islamic philosopher and theologian who led the Iranian cultural renaissance in the 17th century</li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A1b" title="Báb">Siyyid 'Alí Muḥammad Shírází</a>, the founder of <a href="/wiki/B%C3%A1bism" title="Bábism">Bábism</a>, and one of three central figures of the <a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith" title="Baháʼí Faith">Baháʼí Faith</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Academics_and_scientists">Academics and scientists</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Shiraz&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Academics and scientists" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Qutb_al-Din_al-Shirazi" title="Qutb al-Din al-Shirazi">Qutb al-Din al-Shirazi</a>, 13th-century Iranian poet and scholar</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sibawayh" title="Sibawayh">Sibawayh</a>, linguist and grammarian of the Arabic language</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firouz_Naderi" title="Firouz Naderi">Firouz Naderi</a> (1946–2023), scientist and currently the Director for <a href="/wiki/Solar_System_exploration" class="mw-redirect" title="Solar System exploration">Solar System Exploration</a> at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gholam_A._Peyman" title="Gholam A. Peyman">Gholam A. Peyman</a> (born 1937), inventor of <a href="/wiki/LASIK" title="LASIK">LASIK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Asghar_Khodadoust" title="Ali Asghar Khodadoust">Ali Asghar Khodadoust</a> (1935–2018), Professor of <a href="/wiki/Ophthalmology" title="Ophthalmology">Ophthalmology</a>, originator of the <a href="/wiki/Khodadoust_line" title="Khodadoust line">Khodadoust line</a> method</li> <li><a href="/wiki/M._Hashem_Pesaran" title="M. Hashem Pesaran">M. Hashem Pesaran</a> (born 1946), Iranian Economist, Emeritus Professor of Economics at University of Cambridge</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farshid_Delshad" title="Farshid Delshad">Farshid Delshad</a>, linguist and translator</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reza_Negarestani" title="Reza Negarestani">Reza Negarestani</a>, philosopher and writer</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Poets_and_writers">Poets and writers</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Shiraz&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Poets and writers" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saadi_(poet)" class="mw-redirect" title="Saadi (poet)">Saadi</a>, poet of the <a href="/wiki/Medieval_Period" class="mw-redirect" title="Medieval Period">medieval period</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hafiz_Shirazi" class="mw-redirect" title="Hafiz Shirazi">Hafez</a>, poet</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shahriyar_Mandanipour" class="mw-redirect" title="Shahriyar Mandanipour">Shahriyar Mandanipour</a>, writer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simin_Daneshvar" title="Simin Daneshvar">Simin Daneshvar</a>, novelist and author</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehdi_Hamidi_Shirazi" title="Mehdi Hamidi Shirazi">Mehdi Hamidi Shirazi</a> (1914–1986), contemporary poet</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fereidoon_Tavallali" title="Fereidoon Tavallali">Fereidoon Tavallali</a> (1917–1985), contemporary poet and intellectual</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdolali_Dastgheib" title="Abdolali Dastgheib">Abdolali Dastgheib</a> (born 1931), literary critic writer</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_artists">Other artists</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Shiraz&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Other artists" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bahram_Dabiri" title="Bahram Dabiri">Bahram Dabiri</a> (born 1979), painter and artist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shirazeh_Houshiary" title="Shirazeh Houshiary">Shirazeh Houshiary</a> (born 1955), artist, born in Shiraz in 1955. She lives in London.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arsi_Nami" title="Arsi Nami">Arsi Nami</a> (born 1984), award-winning singer and songwriter</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ebrahim_Golestan" title="Ebrahim Golestan">Ebrahim Golestan</a> (born 1922), writer and filmmaker</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gholamhossein_Saber" title="Gholamhossein Saber">Gholamhossein Saber</a> (born 1941), artist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tooji" title="Tooji">Tooji</a> (born 1987), singer, model and television host. He represented <a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2012" title="Eurovision Song Contest 2012">Eurovision Song Contest 2012</a> in <a href="/wiki/Baku" title="Baku">Baku</a>, <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahar_Pars" title="Bahar Pars">Bahar Pars</a> (born 1979), actress</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Others">Others</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Shiraz&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Others" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Namazi" title="Mohammad Namazi">Mohammad Namazi</a>, philanthropist and founder of the Namazi hospital in Shiraz. This later became the catalyst for the establishment of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences in 1955; one of the country's top medical schools.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Bahmanbeigi" title="Mohammad Bahmanbeigi">Mohammad Bahmanbeigi</a>, activist, founding father of instructions for tribes in Iran</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eghbal_Hamidy" title="Eghbal Hamidy">Eghbal Hamidy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Formula_One_car" title="Formula One car">Formula One car</a> designer for <a href="/wiki/Williams_Grand_Prix_Engineering" class="mw-redirect" title="Williams Grand Prix Engineering">Williams</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stewart_Grand_Prix" title="Stewart Grand Prix">Stewart</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arrows_Grand_Prix_International" title="Arrows Grand Prix International">Arrows</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Jordan_Grand_Prix" title="Jordan Grand Prix">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omid_Norouzi" title="Omid Norouzi">Omid Norouzi</a>, Iranian wrestler, world and Olympic champion</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abbas_Doran" title="Abbas Doran">Abbas Dowran</a>, acclaimed fighter jet pilot who died during the <a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Iraq_War" title="Iran–Iraq War">Iran–Iraq War</a></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(12)"><h2 id="International_relations">International relations</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Shiraz&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: International relations" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-12 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-12"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Twin_towns_–_sister_cities">Twin towns – sister cities</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Shiraz&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Twin towns – sister cities" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_twin_towns_and_sister_cities_in_Iran" title="List of twin towns and sister cities in Iran">List of twin towns and sister cities in Iran</a></div> Shiraz is <a href="/wiki/Sister_city" title="Sister city">twinned</a> with:<a href="#cite_note-90">[87]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 18em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/China" title="China"><noscript><img alt="China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" data-alt="China" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <a href="/wiki/Chongqing" title="Chongqing">Chongqing</a>, China</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tajikistan" title="Tajikistan"><noscript><img alt="Tajikistan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 12px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg.png" data-alt="Tajikistan" data-width="23" data-height="12" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <a href="/wiki/Dushanbe" title="Dushanbe">Dushanbe</a>, Tajikistan</li> <li><a href="/wiki/China" title="China"><noscript><img alt="China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" data-alt="China" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <a href="/wiki/Nanjing" title="Nanjing">Nanjing</a>, China</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus"><noscript><img alt="Cyprus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png" data-alt="Cyprus" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/45px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <a href="/wiki/Nicosia" title="Nicosia">Nicosia</a>, Cyprus</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary"><noscript><img alt="Hungary" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 12px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png" data-alt="Hungary" data-width="23" data-height="12" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/35px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/46px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <a href="/wiki/P%C3%A9cs" title="Pécs">Pécs</a>, Hungary</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan"><noscript><img alt="Japan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" data-alt="Japan" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <a href="/wiki/Osaka" title="Osaka">Osaka</a>, Japan [<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany"><noscript><img alt="Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 14px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" data-alt="Germany" data-width="23" data-height="14" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <a href="/wiki/Weimar" title="Weimar">Weimar</a>, Germany<a href="#cite_note-91">[88]</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Partner_cities">Partner cities</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Shiraz&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Partner cities" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia"><noscript><img alt="Serbia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1350" data-file-height="900"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png" data-alt="Serbia" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <a href="/wiki/Novi_Sad" title="Novi Sad">Novi Sad</a>, <a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a> (2023)<a href="#cite_note-92">[89]</a></li></ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(13)"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Shiraz&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: See also" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-13 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-13"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1853_Shiraz_earthquake" title="1853 Shiraz earthquake">1853 Shiraz earthquake</a> – killed at least 9,000 people</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmadi_Square" title="Ahmadi Square">Ahmadi Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shiraz_Arts_Festival" title="Shiraz Arts Festival">Shiraz Arts Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shirazi_salad" title="Shirazi salad">Shirazi salad</a> – originated from and is named after Shiraz</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_intervention_in_Persia" class="mw-redirect" title="Swedish intervention in Persia">Swedish intervention in Persia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shiraz_expedition" title="Shiraz expedition">Shiraz expedition</a></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(14)"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Shiraz&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Notes" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-14 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-14"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> Also <a href="/wiki/Romanize" class="mw-redirect" title="Romanize">romanized</a> as Širâz </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> After <a href="/wiki/Tehran" title="Tehran">Tehran</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mashhad" title="Mashhad">Mashhad</a>, <a href="/wiki/Esfahan" class="mw-redirect" title="Esfahan">Esfahan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Karaj" title="Karaj">Karaj</a>; in 2016 Shiraz had a total population of 1,565,572 </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a> Rainy days calculated using parameter codes 46 and 71 from the first source </li> </ol></div></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(15)"><h2 id="References">References</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Shiraz&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: References" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-15 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-15"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFOpenStreetMap_contributors2023" class="citation map cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">OpenStreetMap contributors (30 September 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.openstreetmap.org/?mlat=29.61&mlon=52.5425&zoom=13#map=13/29.6100/52.5425">"Shiraz, Shiraz County"</a> (Map). <a href="/wiki/OpenStreetMap" title="OpenStreetMap">OpenStreetMap</a> (in Persian). Retrieved 30 September 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=OpenStreetMap&rft.atitle=Shiraz%2C+Shiraz+County&rft.date=2023-09-30&rft.au=OpenStreetMap+contributors&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.openstreetmap.org%2F%3Fmlat%3D29.61%26mlon%3D52.5425%26zoom%3D13%23map%3D13%2F29.6100%2F52.5425&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShiraz" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180913144137/http://citypopulation.de/world/Agglomerations.html">"Major Agglomerations of the World – Population Statistics and Maps"</a>. City Population. 13 September 2018. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://citypopulation.de/world/Agglomerations.html">the original</a> on 13 September 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=City+Population&rft.atitle=Major+Agglomerations+of+the+World+%E2%80%93+Population+Statistics+and+Maps&rft.date=2018-09-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcitypopulation.de%2Fworld%2FAgglomerations.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShiraz" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-2016_Fars_Province-3">^ <a href="#cite_ref-2016_Fars_Province_3-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-2016_Fars_Province_3-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation report cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220406013432/https://www.amar.org.ir/Portals/0/census/1395/results/abadi/CN95_HouseholdPopulationVillage_07.xlsx">Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1395 (2016): Fars Province</a>. amar.org.ir (Report) (in Persian). The Statistical Center of Iran. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amar.org.ir/Portals/0/census/1395/results/abadi/CN95_HouseholdPopulationVillage_07.xlsx">the original</a> (Excel) on 6 April 2022. Retrieved 19 December 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Census+of+the+Islamic+Republic+of+Iran%2C+1395+%282016%29%3A+Fars+Province&rft.pub=The+Statistical+Center+of+Iran&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.amar.org.ir%2FPortals%2F0%2Fcensus%2F1395%2Fresults%2Fabadi%2FCN95_HouseholdPopulationVillage_07.xlsx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShiraz" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fars_Province_Structure-6"><a href="#cite_ref-Fars_Province_Structure_6-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHabibic._2023" class="citation report cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Habibi, Hassan (c. 2023) [Approved 21 June 1369]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231207211349/https://lamtakam.com/law/council_of_ministers/113032">Approval of the organization and chain of citizenship of the elements and units of the national divisions of Fars province, centered in Shiraz</a>. lamtakam.com (Report) (in Persian). Ministry of the Interior, Council of Ministers. Notification 82840/T128K. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lamtakam.com/law/council_of_ministers/113032">the original</a> on 7 December 2023. Retrieved 7 December 2023 – via Lam ta Kam.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Approval+of+the+organization+and+chain+of+citizenship+of+the+elements+and+units+of+the+national+divisions+of+Fars+province%2C+centered+in+Shiraz&rft.pub=Ministry+of+the+Interior%2C+Council+of+Ministers&rft.aulast=Habibi&rft.aufirst=Hassan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flamtakam.com%2Flaw%2Fcouncil_of_ministers%2F113032&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShiraz" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sykes-7"><a href="#cite_ref-Sykes_7-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSykes1921" class="citation book cs1">Sykes, Percy (1921). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wdl.org/en/item/7307/view/1/43/">A History of Persia</a>. London: Macmillan and Company. p. 43.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Persia&rft.place=London&rft.pages=43&rft.pub=Macmillan+and+Company&rft.date=1921&rft.aulast=Sykes&rft.aufirst=Percy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wdl.org%2Fen%2Fitem%2F7307%2Fview%2F1%2F43%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShiraz" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.citypopulation.de/php/iran-fars.php">"IRAN: Fars / فارس"</a>. citypopulation.de. Retrieved 24 December 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=citypopulation.de&rft.atitle=IRAN%3A+Fars+%2F+%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B3&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.citypopulation.de%2Fphp%2Firan-fars.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShiraz" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> last26021401.xlsx (live.com) </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a> Cameron, George G. Persepolis Treasury Tablets, University of Chicago Press, 1948:115. </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iranchamber.com/cities/shiraz/shiraz.php">"Iran Chamber Society: Iranian Cities: Shiraz"</a>. www.iranchamber.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.iranchamber.com&rft.atitle=Iran+Chamber+Society%3A+Iranian+Cities%3A+Shiraz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iranchamber.com%2Fcities%2Fshiraz%2Fshiraz.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShiraz" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.asemangasht.com/Shiraz.htm">"Shiraz"</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFمحمد_جواد_مطلع" class="citation web cs1">محمد جواد مطلع. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.shirazcity.org/shiraz/Shiraz%20Information/shiraz_history/Characteristics%20e.htm">"the physical features of Shiraz"</a>. Shirazcity.org. Retrieved 5 May 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=the+physical+features+of+Shiraz&rft.pub=Shirazcity.org&rft.au=%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF+%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AF+%D9%85%D8%B7%D9%84%D8%B9&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.shirazcity.org%2Fshiraz%2FShiraz%2520Information%2Fshiraz_history%2FCharacteristics%2520e.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShiraz" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110707164111/http://arshksco.com/seez.htm">"ARSH Co. site"</a>. Arshksco.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://arshksco.com/seez.htm">the original</a> on 7 July 2011. Retrieved 5 May 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ARSH+Co.+site&rft.pub=Arshksco.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farshksco.com%2Fseez.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShiraz" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tehrantimes.com/index_View.asp?code=186558">"Iran's first solar power plant comes on stream"</a>. tehran times. 11 January 2009. Retrieved 25 September 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=tehran+times&rft.atitle=Iran%27s+first+solar+power+plant+comes+on+stream&rft.date=2009-01-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tehrantimes.com%2Findex_View.asp%3Fcode%3D186558&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShiraz" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a> National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 2013. </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a> Cameron, George G. Persepolis Treasury Tablets, University of Chicago Press, 1948, pp. 115. </li> <li id="cite_note-Conder_1827-18"><a href="#cite_ref-Conder_1827_18-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFConder1827" class="citation book cs1">Conder, Josiah (1827). Persia and China. Printed for J. Duncan. p. 339.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Persia+and+China&rft.pages=339&rft.pub=Printed+for+J.+Duncan&rft.date=1827&rft.aulast=Conder&rft.aufirst=Josiah&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShiraz" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-BerneyandRing644-19">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BerneyandRing644_19-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-BerneyandRing644_19-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-BerneyandRing644_19-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-BerneyandRing644_19-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-BerneyandRing644_19-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-BerneyandRing644_19-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-BerneyandRing644_19-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-BerneyandRing644_19-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-BerneyandRing644_19-8">i</a> <a href="#cite_ref-BerneyandRing644_19-9">j</a> <a href="#cite_ref-BerneyandRing644_19-10">k</a> <a href="#cite_ref-BerneyandRing644_19-11">l</a> Berney and Ring, p. 644. </li> <li id="cite_note-Limbert4-5-20">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Limbert4-5_20-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Limbert4-5_20-1">b</a> Limbert, pp. 4–5. </li> <li id="cite_note-Limbert5-21">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Limbert5_21-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Limbert5_21-1">b</a> Limbert, p. 5. </li> <li id="cite_note-Arfaee_2008-22">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Arfaee_2008_22-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Arfaee_2008_22-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Arfaee_2008_22-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Arfaee_2008_22-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArfaee2008" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Majid_Arfaei" title="Abdul Majid Arfaei">Arfaee, Abdolmajid</a> (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.proquest.com/openview/142c3a3a61b1cf0a4710fd1dd240b728/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=18750">The Geographical Background of the Persepolis Tablets</a>. Chicago: University of Chicago. pp. 29–33.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Geographical+Background+of+the+Persepolis+Tablets&rft.place=Chicago&rft.pages=29-33&rft.pub=University+of+Chicago&rft.date=2008&rft.aulast=Arfaee&rft.aufirst=Abdolmajid&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.proquest.com%2Fopenview%2F142c3a3a61b1cf0a4710fd1dd240b728%2F1%3Fpq-origsite%3Dgscholar%26cbl%3D18750&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShiraz" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mei.edu/profile/john-limbert">"John Limbert"</a>. Middle East Institute. Retrieved 2 March 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Middle+East+Institute&rft.atitle=John+Limbert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mei.edu%2Fprofile%2Fjohn-limbert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShiraz" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a> Limbert, pp. 5–6. </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a> Lambton, p. 472. </li> <li id="cite_note-Limbert4-26"><a href="#cite_ref-Limbert4_26-0">^</a> Limbert, p. 4. </li> <li id="cite_note-Limbert6-27">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Limbert6_27-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Limbert6_27-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Limbert6_27-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Limbert6_27-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Limbert6_27-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Limbert6_27-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Limbert6_27-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Limbert6_27-7">h</a> Limbert, p. 6. </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a> Limbert, pp. 6–7. </li> <li id="cite_note-Lambton473-29">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Lambton473_29-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lambton473_29-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lambton473_29-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lambton473_29-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lambton473_29-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lambton473_29-5">f</a> Lambton, p. 473. </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a> Limbert, pp. 6–8. </li> <li id="cite_note-Limbert9-31">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Limbert9_31-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Limbert9_31-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Limbert9_31-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Limbert9_31-3">d</a> Limbert, p. 9. </li> <li id="cite_note-Shiraz_history-32">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Shiraz_history_32-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Shiraz_history_32-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Shiraz_history_32-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Shiraz_history_32-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Shiraz_history_32-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Shiraz_history_32-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Shiraz_history_32-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Shiraz_history_32-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Shiraz_history_32-8">i</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080206151708/http://www.shirazcity.org/shiraz/Shiraz%20Information/shiraz_history/History%20e.htm">"History of Shiraz"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.shirazcity.org/shiraz/Shiraz%20Information/shiraz_history/History%20e.htm">the original</a> on 6 February 2008. Retrieved 31 January 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=History+of+Shiraz&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.shirazcity.org%2Fshiraz%2FShiraz%2520Information%2Fshiraz_history%2FHistory%2520e.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShiraz" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.isocarp.net/Data/case_studies/730.pdf">"(pdf file)"</a> (PDF). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070926123319/http://www.isocarp.net/Data/case_studies/730.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 26 September 2007. Retrieved 5 May 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%28pdf+file%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.isocarp.net%2FData%2Fcase_studies%2F730.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShiraz" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-saadi-iranchamber-34">^ <a href="#cite_ref-saadi-iranchamber_34-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-saadi-iranchamber_34-1">b</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iranchamber.com/literature/saadi/saadi.php">Persian Language & Literature: Saadi Shirazi, Sheikh Mosleh al-Din</a>. Iran Chamber Society. </li> <li id="cite_note-hafez-iranica-35">^ <a href="#cite_ref-hafez-iranica_35-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-hafez-iranica_35-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKhorramshahi2002" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Khorramshahi, Bahaʾ-al-Din (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/hafez-ii">"Hafez II: Life and Times"</a>. Encyclopædia Iranica. Retrieved 25 July 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Hafez+II%3A+Life+and+Times&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Iranica&rft.date=2002&rft.aulast=Khorramshahi&rft.aufirst=Baha%CA%BE-al-Din&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iranicaonline.org%2Farticles%2Fhafez-ii&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShiraz" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-mullasadra-36"><a href="#cite_ref-mullasadra_36-0">^</a> Rizvi, Sajjad (2002), Reconsidering the life of Mulla Sadra Shirazi, Pembroke College, pp. 181 </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/theguardian/2005/nov/03/features11.g22">"List of the day"</a>. The Guardian. London. 3 November 2005.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=List+of+the+day&rft.date=2005-11-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Ftheguardian%2F2005%2Fnov%2F03%2Ffeatures11.g22&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShiraz" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071226201639/http://www.biochemiran.com/congress9/page.php?slct_pg_id=93&sid=1&slc_lang=en">""Shiraz, Iran""</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.biochemiran.com/congress9/page.php?slct_pg_id=93&sid=1&slc_lang=en">the original</a> on 26 December 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%22Shiraz%2C+Iran%22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biochemiran.com%2Fcongress9%2Fpage.php%3Fslct_pg_id%3D93%26sid%3D1%26slc_lang%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShiraz" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohn_W._Limbert2004" class="citation book cs1">John W. Limbert (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=x5-voc6nzmkC&q=shiraz+economy&pg=PA74">Shiraz in the age of Hafez: the glory of a medieval Persian city</a>. University of Washington Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-295-98391-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-295-98391-2"><bdi>978-0-295-98391-2</bdi></a>. Retrieved 5 May 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Shiraz+in+the+age+of+Hafez%3A+the+glory+of+a+medieval+Persian+city&rft.pub=University+of+Washington+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-295-98391-2&rft.au=John+W.+Limbert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dx5-voc6nzmkC%26q%3Dshiraz%2Beconomy%26pg%3DPA74&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShiraz" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-LonelyPlanet2013-40"><a href="#cite_ref-LonelyPlanet2013_40-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Iran. Lonely Planet. 2013. p. 211. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-8-8663-9974-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-8-8663-9974-2"><bdi>978-8-8663-9974-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Iran&rft.pages=211&rft.pub=Lonely+Planet&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-8-8663-9974-2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShiraz" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ITC_11-2016-41"><a href="#cite_ref-ITC_11-2016_41-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNic_Dark" class="citation web cs1">Nic Dark. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161116020536/http://www.irantourismcenter.com/?page_id=6752">"Ali Ebn-e Hamze Mosque-Travel to Iran/"</a>. Iran Tourism Center. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.irantourismcenter.com/?page_id=6752">the original</a> on 16 November 2016. Retrieved 15 November 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Iran+Tourism+Center&rft.atitle=Ali+Ebn-e+Hamze+Mosque-Travel+to+Iran%2F&rft.au=Nic+Dark&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.irantourismcenter.com%2F%3Fpage_id%3D6752&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShiraz" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-babism-browne-42"><a href="#cite_ref-babism-browne_42-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrowne,_E.G.1890" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Browne, E.G. (1890). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.h-net.org/~bahai/diglib/articles/A-E/browne/brbabism.htm">"Babism"</a>. Religious Systems of the World: A Contribution to the Study of Comparative Religion. London: Swann Sonnenschein. pp. 333–53. Retrieved 21 February 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Babism&rft.btitle=Religious+Systems+of+the+World%3A+A+Contribution+to+the+Study+of+Comparative+Religion&rft.place=London&rft.pages=333-53&rft.pub=Swann+Sonnenschein&rft.date=1890&rft.au=Browne%2C+E.G.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.h-net.org%2F~bahai%2Fdiglib%2Farticles%2FA-E%2Fbrowne%2Fbrbabism.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShiraz" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-smith2-43">^ <a href="#cite_ref-smith2_43-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-smith2_43-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith2000" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Smith, Peter (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/conciseencyclope0000smit/page/314">"Shiraz: the House of the Báb"</a>. A concise encyclopedia of the Bahá'í Faith. Oxford: Oneworld Publications. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/conciseencyclope0000smit/page/314">314</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85168-184-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85168-184-6"><bdi>978-1-85168-184-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Shiraz%3A+the+House+of+the+B%C3%A1b&rft.btitle=A+concise+encyclopedia+of+the+Bah%C3%A1%27%C3%AD+Faith&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pages=314&rft.pub=Oneworld+Publications&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-1-85168-184-6&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fconciseencyclope0000smit%2Fpage%2F314&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShiraz" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Littman12-44"><a href="#cite_ref-Littman12_44-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLittman1979" class="citation book cs1">Littman (1979). Jews Under Muslim Rule: The Case of Persia. pp. 12, 14.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jews+Under+Muslim+Rule%3A+The+Case+of+Persia&rft.pages=12%2C+14&rft.date=1979&rft.au=Littman&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShiraz" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClint_Lucas2011" class="citation web cs1">Clint Lucas (29 April 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080913160141/http://www.lonelyplanet.com/worldguide/iran/shiraz/history">"Shiraz History – Shiraz Travel Guide"</a>. Lonely Planet. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lonelyplanet.com/worldguide/iran/shiraz/history">the original</a> on 13 September 2008. Retrieved 5 May 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Shiraz+History+%E2%80%93+Shiraz+Travel+Guide&rft.pub=Lonely+Planet&rft.date=2011-04-29&rft.au=Clint+Lucas&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lonelyplanet.com%2Fworldguide%2Firan%2Fshiraz%2Fhistory&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShiraz" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130731191817/http://shiraz1400.com/">"شیراز ۱۴۰۰، شیراز پایتخت فرهنگی ایران | پایگاه اطلاع رسانی شیراز ۱۴۰۰"</a>. Shiraz1400.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.shiraz1400.com/">the original</a> on 31 July 2013. Retrieved 17 October 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D8%B4%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B2+%DB%B1%DB%B4%DB%B0%DB%B0%D8%8C+%D8%B4%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B2+%D9%BE%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%AE%D8%AA+%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%87%D9%86%DA%AF%DB%8C+%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86+%26%23124%3B+%D9%BE%D8%A7%DB%8C%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%87+%D8%A7%D8%B7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B9+%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C+%D8%B4%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B2+%DB%B1%DB%B4%DB%B0%DB%B0&rft.pub=Shiraz1400.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.shiraz1400.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShiraz" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.citypopulation.de/Iran.html">"Iran – City Population – Cities, Towns & Provinces – Statistics & Map"</a>. Citypopulation.de. 3 November 2010. Retrieved 5 May 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Iran+%E2%80%93+City+Population+%E2%80%93+Cities%2C+Towns+%26+Provinces+%E2%80%93+Statistics+%26+Map&rft.pub=Citypopulation.de&rft.date=2010-11-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.citypopulation.de%2FIran.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShiraz" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHuggler2000" class="citation news cs1">Huggler, Justin (4 June 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120712194617/http://news.independent.co.uk/world/middle_east/article273178.ece">"Jews accused of spying are pawns in Iran power struggle"</a>. The Independent. London. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.independent.co.uk/world/middle_east/article273178.ece">the original</a> on 12 July 2012. Retrieved 23 May 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Jews+accused+of+spying+are+pawns+in+Iran+power+struggle&rft.date=2000-06-04&rft.aulast=Huggler&rft.aufirst=Justin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.independent.co.uk%2Fworld%2Fmiddle_east%2Farticle273178.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShiraz" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTait2005" class="citation news cs1">Tait, Robert (27 December 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/elsewhere/journalist/story/0,,1674164,00.html">"Bearing the cross"</a>. The Guardian. London. Retrieved 23 May 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Bearing+the+cross&rft.date=2005-12-27&rft.aulast=Tait&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Felsewhere%2Fjournalist%2Fstory%2F0%2C%2C1674164%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShiraz" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110605042641/http://www.iranchamber.com/monuments/historical_churches_iran.php">"Iranian Monuments: Historical Churches in Iran"</a>. Iranchamber.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iranchamber.com/monuments/historical_churches_iran.php">the original</a> on 5 June 2011. Retrieved 5 May 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Iranian+Monuments%3A+Historical+Churches+in+Iran&rft.pub=Iranchamber.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iranchamber.com%2Fmonuments%2Fhistorical_churches_iran.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShiraz" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.citypopulation.de/en/iran/cities/">"Iran: Provinces, Major Cities & Towns - Population Statistics, Maps, Charts, Weather and Web Information"</a>. www.citypopulation.de.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.citypopulation.de&rft.atitle=Iran%3A+Provinces%2C+Major+Cities+%26+Towns+-+Population+Statistics%2C+Maps%2C+Charts%2C+Weather+and+Web+Information&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.citypopulation.de%2Fen%2Firan%2Fcities%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShiraz" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-2006_Fars_Province-52"><a href="#cite_ref-2006_Fars_Province_52-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation report cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110920091830/http://www.amar.org.ir/DesktopModules/FTPManager/upload/upload2360/newjkh/newjkh/07.xls">Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1385 (2006): Fars Province</a>. amar.org.ir (Report) (in Persian). The Statistical Center of Iran. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.amar.org.ir/DesktopModules/FTPManager/upload/upload2360/newjkh/newjkh/07.xls">the original</a> (Excel) on 20 September 2011. Retrieved 25 September 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Census+of+the+Islamic+Republic+of+Iran%2C+1385+%282006%29%3A+Fars+Province&rft.pub=The+Statistical+Center+of+Iran&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.amar.org.ir%2FDesktopModules%2FFTPManager%2Fupload%2Fupload2360%2Fnewjkh%2Fnewjkh%2F07.xls&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShiraz" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-2011_Fars_Province-53"><a href="#cite_ref-2011_Fars_Province_53-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation report cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230116202002/https://irandataportal.syr.edu/wp-content/uploads/Fars.xls">Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1390 (2011): Fars Province</a>. irandataportal.syr.edu (Report) (in Persian). The Statistical Center of Iran. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://irandataportal.syr.edu/wp-content/uploads/Fars.xls">the original</a> (Excel) on 16 January 2023. Retrieved 19 December 2022 – via Iran Data Portal, Syracuse University.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Census+of+the+Islamic+Republic+of+Iran%2C+1390+%282011%29%3A+Fars+Province&rft.pub=The+Statistical+Center+of+Iran&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Firandataportal.syr.edu%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2FFars.xls&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShiraz" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated3-54">^ <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated3_54-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated3_54-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://landofaryan.tripod.com/shiraz.htm">"Shiraz"</a>. Landofaryan.tripod.com. Retrieved 5 May 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Shiraz&rft.pub=Landofaryan.tripod.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flandofaryan.tripod.com%2Fshiraz.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShiraz" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://iranobserve.com/destinations/shiraz/">"Shiraz – Iran Observe"</a>. Retrieved 2 February 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Shiraz+%E2%80%93+Iran+Observe&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Firanobserve.com%2Fdestinations%2Fshiraz%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShiraz" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sykes75-56"><a href="#cite_ref-Sykes75_56-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSykes1921" class="citation book cs1">Sykes, Percy (1921). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wdl.org/en/item/7307/view/1/75/">A History of Persia</a>. London: Macmillan and Company. p. 75.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Persia&rft.place=London&rft.pages=75&rft.pub=Macmillan+and+Company&rft.date=1921&rft.aulast=Sykes&rft.aufirst=Percy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wdl.org%2Fen%2Fitem%2F7307%2Fview%2F1%2F75%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShiraz" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-rainfall-57">^ <a href="#cite_ref-rainfall_57-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-rainfall_57-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130216014915/http://www.chaharmahalmet.ir/stat/archive/iran/far/SHIRAZ/25.asp">"Shiraz rainfalls 1951 to 2005"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chaharmahalmet.ir/stat/archive/iran/far/SHIRAZ/25.asp">the original</a> on 16 February 2013. Retrieved 9 February 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Shiraz+rainfalls+1951+to+2005&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chaharmahalmet.ir%2Fstat%2Farchive%2Firan%2Ffar%2FSHIRAZ%2F25.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShiraz" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-recordhighs-58"><a href="#cite_ref-recordhighs_58-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150414141122/http://www.chaharmahalmet.ir/stat/archive/iran/far/SHIRAZ/7.asp">"Highest record temperature in Shiraz by Month 1951–2010"</a>. Iran Meteorological Organization. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chaharmahalmet.ir/stat/archive/iran/far/SHIRAZ/7.asp">the original</a> on 14 April 2015. Retrieved 7 April 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Highest+record+temperature+in+Shiraz+by+Month+1951%E2%80%932010&rft.pub=Iran+Meteorological+Organization&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chaharmahalmet.ir%2Fstat%2Farchive%2Firan%2Ffar%2FSHIRAZ%2F7.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShiraz" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-recordlows-59"><a href="#cite_ref-recordlows_59-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150414134615/http://www.chaharmahalmet.ir/stat/archive/iran/far/SHIRAZ/6.asp">"Lowest record temperature in Shiraz by Month 1951–2010"</a>. Iran Meteorological Organization. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chaharmahalmet.ir/stat/archive/iran/far/SHIRAZ/6.asp">the original</a> on 14 April 2015. Retrieved 7 April 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lowest+record+temperature+in+Shiraz+by+Month+1951%E2%80%932010&rft.pub=Iran+Meteorological+Organization&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chaharmahalmet.ir%2Fstat%2Farchive%2Firan%2Ffar%2FSHIRAZ%2F6.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShiraz" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ncei-61"><a href="#cite_ref-ncei_61-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/2.2/data/0-data/Region-2-WMO-Normals-9120/Iran/CSV/Shiraz_40848.csv">"World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1991-2020: Shiraz-40848"</a> (CSV). ncei.noaa.gov. <a href="/wiki/NOAA" class="mw-redirect" title="NOAA">NOAA</a>. Retrieved 17 March 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ncei.noaa.gov&rft.atitle=World+Meteorological+Organization+Climate+Normals+for+1991-2020%3A+Shiraz-40848&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nodc.noaa.gov%2Farchive%2Farc0216%2F0253808%2F2.2%2Fdata%2F0-data%2FRegion-2-WMO-Normals-9120%2FIran%2FCSV%2FShiraz_40848.csv&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShiraz" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-records-62"><a href="#cite_ref-records_62-0">^</a> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150414135119/http://www.chaharmahalmet.ir/stat/archive/iran/far/SHIRAZ/7.asp">"Highest record temperature in Shiraz by Month 1951–2010"</a>. Iran Meteorological Organization. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chaharmahalmet.ir/stat/archive/iran/far/SHIRAZ/7.asp">the original</a> on April 14, 2015. Retrieved April 7, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Highest+record+temperature+in+Shiraz+by+Month+1951%E2%80%932010&rft.pub=Iran+Meteorological+Organization&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chaharmahalmet.ir%2Fstat%2Farchive%2Firan%2Ffar%2FSHIRAZ%2F7.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShiraz" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150414140635/http://www.chaharmahalmet.ir/stat/archive/iran/far/SHIRAZ/6.asp">"Lowest record temperature in Shiraz by Month 1951–2010"</a>. Iran Meteorological Organization. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chaharmahalmet.ir/stat/archive/iran/far/SHIRAZ/6.asp">the original</a> on April 14, 2015. Retrieved April 7, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lowest+record+temperature+in+Shiraz+by+Month+1951%E2%80%932010&rft.pub=Iran+Meteorological+Organization&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chaharmahalmet.ir%2Fstat%2Farchive%2Firan%2Ffar%2FSHIRAZ%2F6.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShiraz" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </li> <li id="cite_note-precipdays-63"><a href="#cite_ref-precipdays_63-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150414131810/http://www.chaharmahalmet.ir/stat/archive/iran/far/SHIRAZ/32.asp">"No. of days with snow or sleet in Shiraz by Month 1951–2010"</a>. Iran Meteorological Organization. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chaharmahalmet.ir/stat/archive/iran/far/SHIRAZ/32.asp">the original</a> on April 14, 2015. Retrieved April 7, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=No.+of+days+with+snow+or+sleet+in+Shiraz+by+Month+1951%E2%80%932010&rft.pub=Iran+Meteorological+Organization&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chaharmahalmet.ir%2Fstat%2Farchive%2Firan%2Ffar%2FSHIRAZ%2F32.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShiraz" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bahai-64">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bahai_64-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bahai_64-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-personal.umich.edu/~jrcole/bahai/2000/urbanbh2.htm">"Religious Dissidence and Urban Leadership: Baha'is in Qajar Shiraz and Tehran"</a>. Personal.umich.edu. 20 April 1968. Retrieved 5 May 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Religious+Dissidence+and+Urban+Leadership%3A+Baha%27is+in+Qajar+Shiraz+and+Tehran&rft.pub=Personal.umich.edu&rft.date=1968-04-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww-personal.umich.edu%2F~jrcole%2Fbahai%2F2000%2Furbanbh2.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShiraz" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated1-65">^ <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated1_65-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated1_65-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTore_Kjeilen2005" class="citation web cs1">Tore Kjeilen (26 September 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.i-cias.com/e.o/shiraz.htm">"Shiraz"</a>. I-cias.com. Retrieved 5 May 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Shiraz&rft.pub=I-cias.com&rft.date=2005-09-26&rft.au=Tore+Kjeilen&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.i-cias.com%2Fe.o%2Fshiraz.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShiraz" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110707164111/http://arshksco.com/seez.htm">"Projects – Shiraz Special Electronic Economic Zone"</a>. Arsh K S Co. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://arshksco.com/seez.htm">the original</a> on 7 July 2011. Retrieved 5 May 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Projects+%E2%80%93+Shiraz+Special+Electronic+Economic+Zone&rft.pub=Arsh+K+S+Co.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farshksco.com%2Fseez.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShiraz" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.seez.freeservers.com/whats_new.html">"Overview"</a>. Shiraz Special Economic Electronic Zone (SEEZ). Retrieved 17 October 2013 – via freeservers.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Shiraz+Special+Economic+Electronic+Zone+%28SEEZ%29&rft.atitle=Overview&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.seez.freeservers.com%2Fwhats_new.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShiraz" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110505162021/http://www.kishtpc.com/Freetrade%20ZONES.htm">"World Free Trade Zones"</a>. Kishtpc.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kishtpc.com/Freetrade%20ZONES.htm">the original</a> on 5 May 2011. Retrieved 5 May 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=World+Free+Trade+Zones&rft.pub=Kishtpc.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kishtpc.com%2FFreetrade%2520ZONES.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShiraz" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irangazette.com/en/12/278-shiraz-shopping-centers.html">"Shiraz Shopping Centers – IRAN TRAVEL, TRIP TO IRAN"</a>. www.irangazette.com. Retrieved 30 March 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.irangazette.com&rft.atitle=Shiraz+Shopping+Centers+%E2%80%93+IRAN+TRAVEL%2C+TRIP+TO+IRAN&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.irangazette.com%2Fen%2F12%2F278-shiraz-shopping-centers.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShiraz" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.constructionweekonline.com/article-12907-iran-to-open-830m-fars-shopping-mall-in-shiraz/">Iran to open 830m Fars Shopping Centre</a>, Construction Weekly Online </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iranchamber.com/cities/shiraz/shiraz.php">"Iranian Cities: Shiraz"</a>. Iranchamber.com. Retrieved 5 May 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Iranian+Cities%3A+Shiraz&rft.pub=Iranchamber.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iranchamber.com%2Fcities%2Fshiraz%2Fshiraz.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShiraz" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.asemangasht.com/Shiraz.htm">"Shiraz"</a>. Asemangasht.com. Retrieved 5 May 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Shiraz&rft.pub=Asemangasht.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.asemangasht.com%2FShiraz.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShiraz" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Sir_Fitzroy_Maclean,_1st_Baronet" title="Sir Fitzroy Maclean, 1st Baronet">Maclean, Fitzroy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Approaches" title="Eastern Approaches">Eastern Approaches</a>. (1949). Reprint: The Reprint Society Ltd., London, 1951, p. 215 </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210131235214/https://www.aboutshiraz.com/en/blog/230/shiraz-city-info-culture-and-lifestyle-">"Shiraz City info (culture and lifestyle)"</a>. aboutshiraz.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aboutshiraz.com/en/blog/230/shiraz-city-info-culture-and-lifestyle-">the original</a> on 31 January 2021. Retrieved 16 November 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=aboutshiraz.com&rft.atitle=Shiraz+City+info+%28culture+and+lifestyle%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Faboutshiraz.com%2Fen%2Fblog%2F230%2Fshiraz-city-info-culture-and-lifestyle-&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShiraz" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a> A. Baker and L. Chapter (2002), "Part 4: The Sciences". In M. M. Sharif, "A History of Muslim Philosophy", Philosophia Islamica. </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFButlerO'GormanPrentice2012" class="citation journal cs1">Butler, Richard; O'Gorman, Kevin D.; Prentice, Richard (1 July 2012). "Destination Appraisal for European Cultural Tourism to Iran". International Journal of Tourism Research. 14 (4): 323–338. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fjtr.862">10.1002/jtr.862</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1522-1970">1522-1970</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Tourism+Research&rft.atitle=Destination+Appraisal+for+European+Cultural+Tourism+to+Iran&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=323-338&rft.date=2012-07-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2Fjtr.862&rft.issn=1522-1970&rft.aulast=Butler&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft.au=O%27Gorman%2C+Kevin+D.&rft.au=Prentice%2C+Richard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShiraz" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-SalakIran-77"><a href="#cite_ref-SalakIran_77-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSalak" class="citation web cs1">Salak, Kira. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kirasalak.com/Iran.html">"National Geographic article about Iran"</a>. National Geographic Adventure.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=National+Geographic+article+about+Iran&rft.pub=National+Geographic+Adventure&rft.aulast=Salak&rft.aufirst=Kira&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kirasalak.com%2FIran.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShiraz" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://surfiran.com/destination/shiraz/quran-gate-darvazeh-e-quran/">"Quran Gate (Darvazeh-e Quran)"</a>. 2 December 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Quran+Gate+%28Darvazeh-e+Quran%29&rft.date=2016-12-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsurfiran.com%2Fdestination%2Fshiraz%2Fquran-gate-darvazeh-e-quran%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShiraz" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.visitouriran.com/blog/maharloo-lake/">"Maharloo Lake"</a>. 25 December 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Maharloo+Lake&rft.date=2019-12-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.visitouriran.com%2Fblog%2Fmaharloo-lake%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShiraz" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110604194807/http://archnet.org/library/sites/one-site.jsp?site_id=10327">"Khan Mosque and Madrasa"</a>. Archnet.org. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archnet.org/library/sites/one-site.jsp?site_id=10327">the original</a> on 4 June 2011. Retrieved 5 May 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Khan+Mosque+and+Madrasa&rft.pub=Archnet.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchnet.org%2Flibrary%2Fsites%2Fone-site.jsp%3Fsite_id%3D10327&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShiraz" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131017171548/http://www.iaushiraz.ac.ir/">"iaushiraz.ac.ir"</a>. iaushiraz.ac.ir. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iaushiraz.ac.ir/">the original</a> on 17 October 2013. Retrieved 17 October 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=iaushiraz.ac.ir&rft.pub=iaushiraz.ac.ir&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iaushiraz.ac.ir%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShiraz" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131017145648/http://www.shirazjju.ac.ir/">"shirazjju.ac.ir"</a>. shirazjju.ac.ir. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.shirazjju.ac.ir/">the original</a> on 17 October 2013. Retrieved 17 October 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=shirazjju.ac.ir&rft.pub=shirazjju.ac.ir&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.shirazjju.ac.ir%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShiraz" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://onenewsbox.com/2020/08/28/inauguration-of-one-of-the-most-beautiful-metro-stations-in-iran/">"Inauguration of one of the most beautiful metro stations in Shiraz"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Inauguration+of+one+of+the+most+beautiful+metro+stations+in+Shiraz&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fonenewsbox.com%2F2020%2F08%2F28%2Finauguration-of-one-of-the-most-beautiful-metro-stations-in-iran%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShiraz" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://financialtribune.com/articles/people/97269/how-to-ride-shiraz-metro">"How to Ride Shiraz Metro"</a>. 21 March 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=How+to+Ride+Shiraz+Metro&rft.date=2019-03-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffinancialtribune.com%2Farticles%2Fpeople%2F97269%2Fhow-to-ride-shiraz-metro&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShiraz" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://teamgroup.it/project/shiraz-metro-line-2-iran/">"Shiraz Metro Line 2 - Iran"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Shiraz+Metro+Line+2+-+Iran&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fteamgroup.it%2Fproject%2Fshiraz-metro-line-2-iran%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShiraz" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.railwaygazette.com/shiraz-metro-line-1-opens/40101.article">"Shiraz metro Line 1 opens"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Shiraz+metro+Line+1+opens&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.railwaygazette.com%2Fshiraz-metro-line-1-opens%2F40101.article&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShiraz" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSoltaniMarandiIvaki2013" class="citation journal cs1">Soltani, Ali; Marandi, Ebrahim Zargari; Ivaki, Yousef Esmaili (July 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trid.trb.org/view/1259625">"Bus route evaluation using a two-stage hybrid model of fuzzy AHP and TOPSIS"</a>. Journal of Transport Literature. 7 (3): 34–58. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1590%2FS2238-10312013000300003">10.1590/S2238-10312013000300003</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Transport+Literature&rft.atitle=Bus+route+evaluation+using+a+two-stage+hybrid+model+of+fuzzy+AHP+and+TOPSIS&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=34-58&rft.date=2013-07&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1590%2FS2238-10312013000300003&rft.aulast=Soltani&rft.aufirst=Ali&rft.au=Marandi%2C+Ebrahim+Zargari&rft.au=Ivaki%2C+Yousef+Esmaili&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftrid.trb.org%2Fview%2F1259625&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShiraz" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120117064705/http://www.khorasannews.com/News.aspx?type=1&year=1390&month=8&day=25&id=1204843">"بزرگ ترين ايستگاه راه آهن کشور در شيراز افتتاح شد"</a> (in Persian). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.khorasannews.com/News.aspx?id=1204843&type=1&year=1390&month=8&day=25">the original</a> on 17 January 2012. Retrieved 19 December 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D8%A8%D8%B2%D8%B1%DA%AF+%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%86+%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%AA%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%87+%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%87+%D8%A2%D9%87%D9%86+%DA%A9%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%B1+%D8%AF%D8%B1+%D8%B4%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B2+%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AA%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%AD+%D8%B4%D8%AF&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.khorasannews.com%2FNews.aspx%3Fid%3D1204843%26type%3D1%26year%3D1390%26month%3D8%26day%3D25&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShiraz" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.khabarads.ir/jonoob/Jshau.php?View=06-91.1.23.jpg">"روزنامه خبر جنوب :: نیازمندیهای خبر جنوب"</a>. Khabarads.ir. Retrieved 17 October 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%87+%D8%AE%D8%A8%D8%B1+%D8%AC%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8+%3A%3A+%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%85%D9%86%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C+%D8%AE%D8%A8%D8%B1+%D8%AC%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8&rft.pub=Khabarads.ir&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.khabarads.ir%2Fjonoob%2FJshau.php%3FView%3D06-91.1.23.jpg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShiraz" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://en.shiraz.ir/RContent/2XT5C73E-Sister-Cities.aspx">"Sister Cities"</a>. shiraz.ir. Shiraz. Retrieved 17 June 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=shiraz.ir&rft.atitle=Sister+Cities&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fen.shiraz.ir%2FRContent%2F2XT5C73E-Sister-Cities.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShiraz" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://en.irna.ir/news/81417897/German-city-eyes-deepening-friendship-with-Shiraz">"German city eyes deepening friendship with Shiraz"</a>. 7 December 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=German+city+eyes+deepening+friendship+with+Shiraz&rft.date=2014-12-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fen.irna.ir%2Fnews%2F81417897%2FGerman-city-eyes-deepening-friendship-with-Shiraz&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShiraz" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.021.rs/story/Novi-Sad/Vesti/345091/Novi-Sad-uspostavlja-saradnju-sa-iranskim-gradom-Sirazom.html">"Novi Sad uspostavlja saradnju sa iranskim gradom Širazom"</a> (in Serbian). kanal9tv.com. 27 June 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Novi+Sad+uspostavlja+saradnju+sa+iranskim+gradom+%C5%A0irazom&rft.pub=kanal9tv.com&rft.date=2023-06-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.021.rs%2Fstory%2FNovi-Sad%2FVesti%2F345091%2FNovi-Sad-uspostavlja-saradnju-sa-iranskim-gradom-Sirazom.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShiraz" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(16)"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Shiraz&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Bibliography" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-16 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-16"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLambton1997" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Lambton, Ann K. S. (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://referenceworks.brill.com/search?q=Sh%C4%ABr%C4%81z&source=%2Fdb%2Feieo">"Shīrāz"</a>. In <a href="/wiki/C._E._Bosworth" class="mw-redirect" title="C. E. Bosworth">Bosworth, C. E.</a>; <a href="/wiki/Emeri_Johannes_van_Donzel" class="mw-redirect" title="Emeri Johannes van Donzel">van Donzel, E.</a>; <a href="/wiki/Wolfhart_Heinrichs" title="Wolfhart Heinrichs">Heinrichs, W. P.</a> & <a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9rard_Lecomte" title="Gérard Lecomte">Lecomte, G.</a> (eds.). <a href="/wiki/The_Encyclopaedia_of_Islam#2nd_edition,_EI2" class="mw-redirect" title="The Encyclopaedia of Islam">The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition</a>. Volume IX: San–Sze. Leiden: E. J. Brill. pp. 772–479. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-10422-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-10422-8"><bdi>978-90-04-10422-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Sh%C4%ABr%C4%81z&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopaedia+of+Islam%2C+Second+Edition.+Volume+IX%3A+San%E2%80%93Sze&rft.place=Leiden&rft.pages=772-479&rft.pub=E.+J.+Brill&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-90-04-10422-8&rft.aulast=Lambton&rft.aufirst=Ann+K.+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Freferenceworks.brill.com%2Fsearch%3Fq%3DSh%25C4%25ABr%25C4%2581z%26source%3D%252Fdb%252Feieo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShiraz" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLimbert2004" class="citation book cs1">Limbert, John (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=x5-voc6nzmkC&pg=PA3">Shiraz in the Age of Hafez: The Glory of a Medieval Persian City</a>. Seattle and London: University of Washington Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-295-98391-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-295-98391-4"><bdi>0-295-98391-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Shiraz+in+the+Age+of+Hafez%3A+The+Glory+of+a+Medieval+Persian+City&rft.place=Seattle+and+London&rft.pub=University+of+Washington+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=0-295-98391-4&rft.aulast=Limbert&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dx5-voc6nzmkC%26pg%3DPA3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShiraz" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBerneyRing2013" class="citation book cs1">Berney, K. A.; Ring, Trudy, eds. (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=6XMBAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA644">Middle East and Africa: International Dictionary of Historic Places, Volume 4</a>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-884964-03-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-884964-03-9"><bdi>978-1-884964-03-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Middle+East+and+Africa%3A+International+Dictionary+of+Historic+Places%2C+Volume+4&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1-884964-03-9&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D6XMBAwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA644&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShiraz" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(17)"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Shiraz&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: External links" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-17 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-17"> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://stockholm360.net/list.php?id=shiraz">360° VR panorama gallery of Shiraz</a></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Mashhad" title="Mashhad">Mashhad</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/Capitals_of_Persia" title="Capitals of Persia">Capital of Iran (Persia)</a> 1750–1794 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Tehran" title="Tehran">Tehran</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold">-</div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> Capital of <a href="/wiki/Zand_dynasty" title="Zand dynasty">Zand dynasty</a> 1750–1794 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Kerman" title="Kerman">Kerman</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236088147">.mw-parser-output .sister-bar{display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline;font-size:88%;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em 0 0;padding:0 2em}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;padding:0.2em 0;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px;line-height:22px}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;align-items:baseline;padding:0.2em 0;column-gap:1em;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-item{display:flex;align-items:baseline;margin:0.15em 0;min-height:24px;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-logo{width:22px;line-height:22px;margin:0 0.2em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-link{margin:0 0.2em;text-align:left}@media screen and (max-width:960px){.mw-parser-output .sister-bar{flex-flow:column wrap;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-header{flex:0 1}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-content{flex:1;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-item{flex:0 0 20em;min-width:20em}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+link+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+style+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+.navbox-styles+.portal-bar{margin-top:-1px}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sister-bar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="noprint metadata sister-bar" role="navigation" aria-label="sister-projects"><div class="sister-bar-header">Shiraz at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects">sister projects</a>:</div><ul class="sister-bar-content"><li class="sister-bar-item"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/14px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="19" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 14px;height: 19px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/14px-Commons-logo.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="14" data-height="19" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/21px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/28px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B2" class="extiw" title="c:شیراز">Media</a> from Commons</li><li class="sister-bar-item"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/19px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 19px;height: 19px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/19px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="19" data-height="19" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/29px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/38px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> <a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Shiraz" class="extiw" title="voy:Shiraz">Travel guides</a> from Wikivoyage</li></ul></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div>    </section></div> <noscript><img src="https://login.m.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&mobile=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shiraz&oldid=1253527099">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shiraz&oldid=1253527099</a>"</div></div> </div> <div class="post-content" id="page-secondary-actions"> </div> </main> <footer class="mw-footer minerva-footer" role="contentinfo"> <a class="last-modified-bar" href="/w/index.php?title=Shiraz&action=history"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"> Last edited on 26 October 2024, at 13:24 </div> </a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id='mw-data-after-content'> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Languages</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sjiraz" title="Sjiraz – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Sjiraz" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schiras" title="Schiras – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Schiras" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Alemannisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shiraz" title="Shiraz – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Shiraz" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ænglisc</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B2" title="شيراز – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="شيراز" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shiraz" title="Shiraz – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Shiraz" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Eiraz" title="Şiraz – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Şiraz" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B2" title="شیراز – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="شیراز" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9C" title="শিরাজ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="শিরাজ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D1%8B%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7" title="Шыраз – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Шыраз" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D1%8B%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7" title="Шыраз – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Шыраз" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7" title="Шираз – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Шираз" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0iraz" title="Širaz – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Širaz" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shiraz" title="Shiraz – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Shiraz" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xiraz" title="Xiraz – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Xiraz" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shiraz_(kapital_sa_lalawigan_sa_Iran)" title="Shiraz (kapital sa lalawigan sa Iran) – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Shiraz (kapital sa lalawigan sa Iran)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0%C3%ADr%C3%A1z" title="Šíráz – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Šíráz" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shiraz" title="Shiraz – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Shiraz" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B2" title="شيراز – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="شيراز" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">الدارجة</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0iraz" title="Širaz – Northern Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Širaz" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Northern Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target">Davvisámegiella</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schiras" title="Schiras – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Schiras" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sh%C4%ABr%C4%81z" title="Shīrāz – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Shīrāz" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%AC%CE%B6" title="Σιράζ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Σιράζ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7_%D0%BE%D1%88" title="Шираз ош – Erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Шираз ош" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target">Эрзянь</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shiraz" title="Shiraz – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Shiraz" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Cirazo" title="Ŝirazo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ŝirazo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xiraz" title="Xiraz – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Xiraz" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B2" title="شیراز – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="شیراز" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chiraz" title="Chiraz – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Chiraz" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xiraz" title="Xiraz – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Xiraz" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-glk mw-list-item"><a href="https://glk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B2" title="شیراز – Gilaki" lang="glk" hreflang="glk" data-title="شیراز" data-language-autonym="گیلکی" data-language-local-name="Gilaki" class="interlanguage-link-target">گیلکی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%8B%9C%EB%9D%BC%EC%A6%88" title="시라즈 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="시라즈" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shiraz" title="Shiraz – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Shiraz" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hausa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%87%D5%AB%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%A6" title="Շիրազ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Շիրազ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BC" title="शीराज़ – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="शीराज़" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0iraz" title="Širaz – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Širaz" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syiraz" title="Syiraz – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Syiraz" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shiraz" title="Shiraz – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Shiraz" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7" title="Шираз – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Шираз" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ирон</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shiraz" title="Shiraz – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Shiraz" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shiraz" title="Shiraz – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Shiraz" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%96" title="שיראז – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="שיראז" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A8%E1%83%98%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%96%E1%83%98" title="შირაზი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="შირაზი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7" title="Шираз – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Шираз" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shiraz" title="Shiraz – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Shiraz" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9E%C3%AEraz_(%C3%8Eran)" title="Şîraz (Îran) – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Şîraz (Îran)" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7" title="Шираз – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Шираз" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sirasium" title="Sirasium – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Sirasium" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0%C4%ABr%C4%81za" title="Šīrāza – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Šīrāza" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0irazas" title="Širazas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Širazas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sir%C3%A1z" title="Siráz – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Siráz" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shiraz" title="Shiraz – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Shiraz" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D" title="ഷിറാസ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഷിറാസ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shiraz" title="Shiraz – Māori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Shiraz" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Māori" class="interlanguage-link-target">Māori</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9D" title="शिराझ – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="शिराझ" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A8%E1%83%98%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%96%E1%83%98" title="შირაზი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="შირაზი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B2" title="شيراز – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="شيراز" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B2" title="شیراز – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="شیراز" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target">مازِرونی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shiraz" title="Shiraz – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Shiraz" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shiraz_(Iran)" title="Shiraz (Iran) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Shiraz (Iran)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B7%E3%83%BC%E3%83%A9%E3%83%BC%E3%82%BA" title="シーラーズ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="シーラーズ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7" title="Шираз – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Шираз" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Нохчийн</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shiraz" title="Shiraz – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Shiraz" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sheroz" title="Sheroz – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Sheroz" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BC" title="ਸ਼ਿਰਾਜ਼ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਸ਼ਿਰਾਜ਼" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B2" title="شیراز – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="شیراز" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B2" title="شیراز – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="شیراز" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sziraz" title="Sziraz – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Sziraz" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xiraz" title="Xiraz – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Xiraz" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shiraz" title="Shiraz – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Shiraz" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qaraqalpaqsha</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shiraz_(Iran)" title="Shiraz (Iran) – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Shiraz (Iran)" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shiraz" title="Shiraz – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Shiraz" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7" title="Шираз – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Шираз" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shiraz" title="Shiraz – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Shiraz" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sardu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shiraz" title="Shiraz – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Shiraz" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shirazi" title="Shirazi – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Shirazi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shiraz" title="Shiraz – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Shiraz" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B2" title="شيراز – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="شيراز" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target">سنڌي</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0ir%C3%A1z" title="Širáz – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Širáz" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0iraz" title="Širaz – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Širaz" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sziraz" title="Sziraz – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Sziraz" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ślůnski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B2" title="شیراز – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="شیراز" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7" title="Шираз – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Шираз" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0iraz" title="Širaz – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Širaz" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0%C4%ABr%C4%81z" title="Šīrāz – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Šīrāz" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shiraz" title="Shiraz – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Shiraz" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81" title="சீராசு – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="சீராசு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7" title="Шираз – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Шираз" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%8B" title="ชีรอซ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ชีรอซ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B7" title="Шероз – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Шероз" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Eiraz" title="Şiraz – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Şiraz" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Eiraz" title="Şiraz – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Şiraz" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkmençe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7" title="Шираз – Udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Шираз" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target">Удмурт</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7" title="Шираз – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Шираз" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B2" title="شیراز – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="شیراز" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D9%89%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B2" title="شىراز – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="شىراز" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target">ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shiraz" title="Shiraz – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Shiraz" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0iraz" title="Širaz – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Širaz" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target">Võro</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shiraz,_Iran" title="Shiraz, Iran – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Shiraz, Iran" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shiraz" title="Shiraz – Wolof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Shiraz" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="Wolof" class="interlanguage-link-target">Wolof</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%AE%BE%E6%8B%89%E5%AD%90" title="设拉子 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="设拉子" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8F%B2%E6%8B%89%E5%AD%90" title="史拉子 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="史拉子" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Eiraz" title="Şiraz – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Şiraz" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zazaki</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A8%AD%E6%8B%89%E5%AD%90" title="設拉子 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="設拉子" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li></ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"><img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" alt="Wikipedia" width="120" height="18" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"/> </div> <ul id="footer-info" class="footer-info hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 26 October 2024, at 13:24 (UTC).</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Content is available under <a class="external" rel="nofollow" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">CC BY-SA 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places" class="footer-places hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-terms-use"><a href="https://foundation.m.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use">Terms of Use</a></li> <li id="footer-places-desktop-toggle"><a id="mw-mf-display-toggle" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shiraz&mobileaction=toggle_view_desktop" data-event-name="switch_to_desktop">Desktop</a></li> </ul> </div> </footer> </div> </div> <div class="mw-notification-area" data-mw="interface"></div>  <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.canary-84779d6bf6-nb2j4","wgBackendResponseTime":2040,"wgKartographerLiveData":{"_b689bf057e31423fcfeae21d0d1b019946459faf":[{"type":"ExternalData","service":"geomask","url":"https://maps.wikimedia.org/geoshape?getgeojson=1\u0026ids=Q6397066","properties":{"stroke-width":3,"stroke":"#7e7e7e","title":"City map interactive","fill":"#7e7e7e"}},{"type":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":[52.5425,29.61],"type":"Point"},"properties":{"title":"zones","marker-color":"5E74F3"}}]},"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"1.502","walltime":"1.821","ppvisitednodes":{"value":15922,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":441582,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":23387,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":18,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":31,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":364844,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1484.402 1 -total"," 26.38% 391.596 1 Template:Infobox_settlement"," 24.24% 359.775 2 Template:Reflist"," 24.22% 359.585 1 Template:Infobox"," 10.11% 150.129 49 Template:Cite_web"," 8.20% 121.665 14 Template:Navbox"," 5.46% 81.073 1 Template:Cite_map"," 5.17% 76.794 3 Template:Langx"," 4.21% 62.563 1 Template:Shiraz_Transport_Network"," 3.56% 52.888 1 Template:Short_description"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.793","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":22774509,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.canary-84779d6bf6-nb2j4","timestamp":"20241122142759","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Shiraz","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Shiraz","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q6397066","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q6397066","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2002-02-18T08:08:04Z","dateModified":"2024-10-26T13:24:00Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/1\/14\/Darvaze_Ghoran11.jpg","headline":"city in Fars Province, Iran"}</script><script>(window.NORLQ=window.NORLQ||[]).push(function(){var ns,i,p,img;ns=document.getElementsByTagName('noscript');for(i=0;i<ns.length;i++){p=ns[i].nextSibling;if(p&&p.className&&p.className.indexOf('lazy-image-placeholder')>-1){img=document.createElement('img');img.setAttribute('src',p.getAttribute('data-src'));img.setAttribute('width',p.getAttribute('data-width'));img.setAttribute('height',p.getAttribute('data-height'));img.setAttribute('alt',p.getAttribute('data-alt'));p.parentNode.replaceChild(img,p);}}});</script> </body> </html>