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href="#Rujukan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Rujukan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rujukan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pautan_luar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pautan_luar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Pautan luar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pautan_luar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Kandungan" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Togol isi kandungan" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Togol isi kandungan</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Gempa bumi Loma Prieta 1989</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Pergi ke rencana dalam bahasa lain. Tersedia dalam 27 bahasa" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-27" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">27 bahasa</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loma_Prieta-aardbewing" title="Loma Prieta-aardbewing – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Loma Prieta-aardbewing" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%84%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%84_%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%A7" title="زلزال لوما بريتا – Arab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="زلزال لوما بريتا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loma_Priyeta_z%C9%99lz%C9%99l%C9%99si_(1989)" title="Loma Priyeta zəlzələsi (1989) – Azerbaijan" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Loma Priyeta zəlzələsi (1989)" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gempa_bumi_Loma_Prieta_1989" title="Gempa bumi Loma Prieta 1989 – Indonesia" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Gempa bumi Loma Prieta 1989" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terratr%C3%A8mol_de_Loma_Prieta" title="Terratrèmol de Loma Prieta – Catalonia" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Terratrèmol de Loma Prieta" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loma_Prieta-jordsk%C3%A6lvet" title="Loma Prieta-jordskælvet – Denmark" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Loma Prieta-jordskælvet" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Denmark" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loma-Prieta-Erdbeben_1989" title="Loma-Prieta-Erdbeben 1989 – Jerman" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Loma-Prieta-Erdbeben 1989" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1989_Loma_Prieta_earthquake" title="1989 Loma Prieta earthquake – Inggeris" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="1989 Loma Prieta earthquake" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Inggeris" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terremoto_de_Loma_Prieta" title="Terremoto de Loma Prieta – Sepanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Terremoto de Loma Prieta" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Sepanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86%E2%80%8C%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%B2%D9%87_%DB%B1%DB%B9%DB%B8%DB%B9_%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7_%D9%BE%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%A7" title="زمین‌لرزه ۱۹۸۹ لوما پریتا – Parsi" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="زمین‌لرزه ۱۹۸۹ لوما پریتا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Parsi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9isme_de_1989_%C3%A0_Loma_Prieta" title="Séisme de 1989 à Loma Prieta – Perancis" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Séisme de 1989 à Loma Prieta" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Perancis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/1989%EB%85%84_%EB%A1%9C%EB%A7%88%ED%94%84%EB%A6%AC%ED%83%80_%EC%A7%80%EC%A7%84" title="1989년 로마프리타 지진 – Korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="1989년 로마프리타 지진" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terremoto_di_Loma_Prieta_del_1989" title="Terremoto di Loma Prieta del 1989 – Itali" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Terremoto di Loma Prieta del 1989" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Itali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%93%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%90%D7%93%D7%9E%D7%94_%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%94_%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%90%D7%98%D7%94_%D7%91%D7%A1%D7%9F-%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%A0%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%A7%D7%95_(1989)" title="רעידת האדמה לומה פריאטה בסן-פרנסיסקו (1989) – Ibrani" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="רעידת האדמה לומה פריאטה בסן-פרנסיסקו (1989)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Ibrani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loma_Prieta-aardbeving_van_1989" title="Loma Prieta-aardbeving van 1989 – Belanda" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Loma Prieta-aardbeving van 1989" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Belanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AD%E3%83%9E%E3%83%BB%E3%83%97%E3%83%AA%E3%83%BC%E3%82%BF%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87" title="ロマ・プリータ地震 – Jepun" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ロマ・プリータ地震" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Jepun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jordskjelvet_i_Loma_Prieta_1989" title="Jordskjelvet i Loma Prieta 1989 – Bokmal Norway" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Jordskjelvet i Loma Prieta 1989" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Bokmal Norway" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trz%C4%99sienie_ziemi_Loma_Prieta_(1989)" title="Trzęsienie ziemi Loma Prieta (1989) – Poland" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Trzęsienie ziemi Loma Prieta (1989)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Poland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sismo_de_Loma_Prieta_de_1989" title="Sismo de Loma Prieta de 1989 – Portugis" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Sismo de Loma Prieta de 1989" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cutremurul_din_Loma_Prieta_(1989)" title="Cutremurul din Loma Prieta (1989) – Romania" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Cutremurul din Loma Prieta (1989)" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D1%8F%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%9B%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0-%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Землетрясение Лома-Приета – Rusia" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Землетрясение Лома-Приета" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/1989_Loma_Prieta_earthquake" title="1989 Loma Prieta earthquake – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="1989 Loma Prieta earthquake" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loma_Prieta-skalvet_1989" title="Loma Prieta-skalvet 1989 – Sweden" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Loma Prieta-skalvet 1989" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Sweden" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9C%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B2_%E0%B8%9E.%E0%B8%A8._2532" title="แผ่นดินไหวโลมาพรีเอตา พ.ศ. 2532 – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="แผ่นดินไหวโลมาพรีเอตา พ.ศ. 2532" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1989_Loma_Prieta_depremi" title="1989 Loma Prieta depremi – Turki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="1989 Loma Prieta depremi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0-%D0%9F%D1%80%D1%96%D1%94%D1%82%D0%B0_(%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81)" title="Лома-Прієта (землетрус) – Ukraine" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Лома-Прієта (землетрус)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukraine" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/1989%E5%B9%B4%E6%B4%9B%E9%A6%AC%E6%99%AE%E9%87%8C%E5%A1%94%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87" title="1989年洛馬普里塔地震 – Cina" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="1989年洛馬普里塔地震" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Cina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1053476#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Sunting pautan antara bahasa" 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dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r5657302">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}</style><table class="infobox vevent"><caption class="infobox-title summary">Gempa bumi Loma Prieta 1989</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Cypress_structure.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Cypress_structure.jpeg/260px-Cypress_structure.jpeg" decoding="async" width="260" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Cypress_structure.jpeg/390px-Cypress_structure.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Cypress_structure.jpeg/520px-Cypress_structure.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="3590" data-file-height="2336" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Imej struktur keretapi dua tingkat runtuh di Oakland, California</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Tarikh</th><td class="infobox-data">17 Oktober 1989<span class="noprint">; 35 tahun yang lalu</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1989-10-17</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Masa</th><td class="infobox-data">5:04:15 p.m. PDT<sup id="cite_ref-Stover_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stover-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Durasi</th><td class="infobox-data note">8–15 saat<sup id="cite_ref-Stover_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stover-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Magnitud</th><td class="infobox-data note">6.9 <a href="/wiki/Skala_magnitud_momen" title="Skala magnitud momen">M<sub>w</sub></a><sup id="cite_ref-Clough_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Clough-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Kedalaman</th><td class="infobox-data note">12 bt (19 km)<sup id="cite_ref-Stover_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stover-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Koordinat</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="//geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Gempa_bumi_Loma_Prieta_1989&params=37.04_N_121.88_W_"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Peta, gambar udara, dan lain-lain data untuk lokasi ini"><span class="latitude">37°02′N</span> <span class="longitude">121°53′W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Peta, gambar udara, dan lain-lain data untuk lokasi ini">37.04°N 121.88°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">37.04; -121.88</span></span></span></a></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Sistem_koordinat_geografi" title="Sistem koordinat geografi">Koordinat</a>: <span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="//geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Gempa_bumi_Loma_Prieta_1989&params=37.04_N_121.88_W_"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Peta, gambar udara, dan lain-lain data untuk lokasi ini"><span class="latitude">37°02′N</span> <span class="longitude">121°53′W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Peta, gambar udara, dan lain-lain data untuk lokasi ini">37.04°N 121.88°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">37.04; -121.88</span></span></span></a></span></span></span><sup id="cite_ref-Stover_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stover-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Jenis</th><td class="infobox-data">Oblique-slip</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Kawasan terjejas</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap">Pantai Tengah (California)</span> <br /> <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Bay_Area" title="San Francisco Bay Area">San Francisco Bay Area</a> <br /> Amerika Syarikat</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Jumlah kerosakan</th><td class="infobox-data">$5.6–6 bilion<sup id="cite_ref-Stover_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stover-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-competing_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-competing-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Keamatan maksimum</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Skala_Mercalli" title="Skala Mercalli">IX (<i>Ganas</i>)</a><sup id="cite_ref-Stover_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stover-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Pecutan tanah kemuncak</th><td class="infobox-data">0.65<i>g</i> (di <a href="/wiki/Pusat_gempa" title="Pusat gempa">pusat gempa</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-Clough_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Clough-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Tsunami</th><td class="infobox-data">Ya<sup id="cite_ref-Ma_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ma-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Breaker_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Breaker-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Tanah runtuh</th><td class="infobox-data">1,000–4,000<sup id="cite_ref-Stover_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stover-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Clough_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Clough-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Kejutan depan</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap">5.3 Ml 27 Jun 1988<sup id="cite_ref-Perfettini_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Perfettini-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <br /> 5.4 Ml 8 Ogos 1989<sup id="cite_ref-Perfettini_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Perfettini-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Korban</th><td class="infobox-data">63 terbunuh, 3,757 cedera<sup id="cite_ref-Stover_1-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stover-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Bolt_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bolt-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Gempa bumi Loma Prieta 1989</b> berlaku di <a href="/wiki/California_Utara" title="California Utara">California Utara</a> pada 17 Oktober jam 5:04 pagi. waktu tempatan (1989-10-18 00:04 UTC). Kejutan itu berpusat di The Forest of Nisene Marks State Park kira-kira 10 mi (16 km) timur laut Santa Cruz pada bahagian <a href="/wiki/Sesar_San_Andreas" title="Sesar San Andreas">Sistem Sesar San Andreas</a> dan dinamakan sempena Puncak Loma Prieta terdekat di Pergunungan Santa Cruz. Dengan <a href="/wiki/Skala_magnitud_momen" title="Skala magnitud momen">skala magnitud momen</a> sebanyak 6.9 dan <a href="/wiki/Skala_Mercalli" title="Skala Mercalli">kepadatan Mercalli maksimum IX</a> (Ganas), kejutan itu bertanggungjawab terhadap 63 kematian dan 3,757 kecederaan. Segmen Loma Prieta di Sistem Sesar San Andreas telah agak tidak aktif sejak <a href="/wiki/Gempa_bumi_San_Francisco_1906" title="Gempa bumi San Francisco 1906">gempa bumi San Francisco 1906</a> (sehingga ke tahap jurang seismik yang telah ditetapkan) sehingga dua ruas sederhana sedang terjadi pada Jun 1988 dan sekali lagi pada Ogos 1989. </p><p>Kerosakan berat di Kaunti Santa Cruz dan kurang dari selatan di Kaunti Monterey, tetapi kesannya jauh lebih baik ke utara ke <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Bay_Area" title="San Francisco Bay Area">San Francisco Bay Area</a>, kedua-duanya di Semenanjung San Francisco dan di seberang teluk di <a href="/wiki/Oakland" class="mw-redirect" title="Oakland">Oakland</a>. Tiada kerosakan permukaan berlaku, walaupun terdapat banyak kegagalan tanah dan <a href="/wiki/Tanah_runtuh" title="Tanah runtuh">tanah runtuh</a> yang lain, terutama di kawasan Summit di Pergunungan Santa Cruz. <a href="/wiki/Pencecairan_tanah" title="Pencecairan tanah">Pencecairan</a> juga merupakan isu yang penting, terutamanya di Daerah Marin yang sangat rosak di San Francisco, tetapi kesannya juga dilihat di Teluk Timur, dan berhampiran pantai Monterey Bay, di mana <a href="/wiki/Tsunami" title="Tsunami">tsunami</a> tidak merosakkan juga diperhatikan. </p><p>Ekoran liputan sukan Siri Dunia 1989, ia menjadi gempa utama pertama di Amerika Syarikat yang disiarkan secara langsung di televisyen kebangsaan (dan kadang-kadang disebut sebagai "Gempa bumi Siri Dunia" sebagai akibatnya). Lalu lintas jam sibuk di Bay Area lebih ringan daripada keadaan normal kerana permainan akan bermula, dan ini mungkin menghalang kehilangan nyawa yang lebih besar, kerana beberapa struktur pengangkutan utama di Bay Area mengalami kegagalan bencana. Kejatuhan seksyen Nimitz Freeway dua dek di Oakland adalah tapak jumlah korban terbesar bagi peristiwa itu, tetapi kejatuhan struktur buatan manusia dan kemalangan lain yang menyumbang kepada kecederaan yang berlaku di San Francisco, Los Altos, dan Santa Cruz. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Latar_belakang">Latar belakang</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gempa_bumi_Loma_Prieta_1989&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Sunting bahagian: Latar belakang" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gempa_bumi_Loma_Prieta_1989&action=edit&section=1" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Latar belakang"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sejarah penyelidikan <a href="/wiki/Gempa_bumi" title="Gempa bumi">gempa bumi</a> di <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a> telah memusatkan perhatian pada Sistem <a href="/wiki/Sesar_San_Andreas" title="Sesar San Andreas">Sesar San Andreas</a>, disebabkan oleh pengaruh kuatnya di negeri ini sebagai sempadan antara <a href="/wiki/Plat_Pasifik" title="Plat Pasifik">Plat Pasifik</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Plat_Amerika_Utara" title="Plat Amerika Utara">Plat Amerika Utara</a>; ia merupakan sesar yang paling dikaji di Bumi. Andrew Lawson, ahli geologi dari <a href="/wiki/Universiti_California,_Berkeley" title="Universiti California, Berkeley">Universiti California, Berkeley</a>, telah menamakan sesar itu sempena Tasik San Andreas (sebelum berlakunya <a href="/wiki/Gempa_bumi_San_Francisco_1906" title="Gempa bumi San Francisco 1906">gempa bumi San Francisco 1906</a>) dan kemudiannya mengetuai satu penyiasatan ke dalam kejadian itu. Sesar San Andreas pecah selama 290 mi (470 km) semasa kejutan 1906, kedua-dua di utara San Francisco dan di selatan di rantau Pergunungan Santa Cruz. Beberapa ramalan jangka panjang untuk kejutan besar di sepanjang Sesar San Andreas di kawasan itu telah dijadikan awam sebelum 1989 (peristiwa dan gempa susulan berlaku dalam jurang seismik yang diiktiraf) tetapi gempa bumi yang berlaku tidak seperti apa yang telah dijangkakan. Peristiwa Loma Prieta 1989 berasal dari sesar terbalik tirus yang tidak dapat ditemui yang terletak bersebelahan dengan Sesar San Andreas.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gempa_bumi">Gempa bumi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gempa_bumi_Loma_Prieta_1989&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Sunting bahagian: Gempa bumi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gempa_bumi_Loma_Prieta_1989&action=edit&section=2" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Gempa bumi"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Lp1989plan_hires.webm/220px--Lp1989plan_hires.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="119" data-durationhint="75" data-mwtitle="Lp1989plan_hires.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/Fail:Lp1989plan_hires.webm"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/7c/Lp1989plan_hires.webm/Lp1989plan_hires.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="854" data-height="462" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7c/Lp1989plan_hires.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8"" data-width="956" data-height="518" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/7c/Lp1989plan_hires.webm/Lp1989plan_hires.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="230" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/7c/Lp1989plan_hires.webm/Lp1989plan_hires.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="346" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/7c/Lp1989plan_hires.webm/Lp1989plan_hires.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="346" /></video></span><figcaption>Ground shaking animation</figcaption></figure> <p>Gempa bumi Loma Prieta dinamakan sempena Puncak Loma Prieta Peak di Pergunungan Santa Cruz, yang terletak hanya ke timur pusat kejutan utama. Tempoh gegaran yang paling berat di Santa Cruz adalah kira-kira 15 saat, tetapi rakaman gerak tanah yang kuat menunjukkan bahawa tempoh pengedaran tidak seragam di seluruh kawasan yang terjejas (disebabkan oleh jenis dan ketebalan tanah yang berlainan). Di tapak dengan medan berbatu, tempohnya lebih pendek dan gegarannya kurang sengit, dan di lokasi dengan tanah yang tidak dipadatkan (seperti Daerah Marina atau Cypress Street Viaduct) keamatan getaran itu lebih parah dan bertahan lebih lama. Rekod pergerakan yang kuat juga dibenarkan untuk kesalahan kausal ditentukan - pecahan itu berkaitan dengan Sistem Sesar San Andreas.<sup id="cite_ref-Bolt_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bolt-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sementara Intensiti Mercalli VIII (Severe) meliputi wilayah besar yang berdekatan dengan pusat gempa bumi (termasuk bandar-bandar di Los Gatos, Santa Cruz, dan Watsonville) ke bahagian utara, bahagian-bahagian San Francisco dinilai pada intensiti IX (Violent). Di lebih dari 44 kilometer (70 km) jauhnya, <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Bay_Area" title="San Francisco Bay Area">San Francisco Bay Area</a> mencatatkan pecutan mendatar puncak yang setinggi 0.26g, dan berhampiran dengan pusat gempa bumi itu memuncak pada lebih daripada 0.6g. Dengan cara yang umum, lokasi gempa susulan peristiwa ini menggambarkan sejauh mana penyimpangan, yang (mengikut ahli seismologi Bruce Bolt) diperpanjang kira-kira 24 batu (40 km) panjangnya. Kerana pecahnya berlaku secara dua hala, tempoh gemetar yang kuat adalah kira-kira separuh daripada apa yang akan terjadi jika ia pecah dalam satu arah sahaja. Tempoh kejutan khas M6.9 dengan panjang pecah setanding mungkin lebih kurang dua kali ganda.<sup id="cite_ref-Bolt_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bolt-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kerosakan">Kerosakan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gempa_bumi_Loma_Prieta_1989&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Sunting bahagian: Kerosakan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gempa_bumi_Loma_Prieta_1989&action=edit&section=3" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Kerosakan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fail:LomaPrieta-SOMA.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/LomaPrieta-SOMA.jpeg/220px-LomaPrieta-SOMA.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="316" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/LomaPrieta-SOMA.jpeg/330px-LomaPrieta-SOMA.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/LomaPrieta-SOMA.jpeg/440px-LomaPrieta-SOMA.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="1968" data-file-height="2827" /></a><figcaption>Lima orang terbunuh di Sixth Street antara Bluxome dan Townsend di San Francisco sebagai bangunan bata yang runtuh ke kaki lima dan jalan.<sup id="cite_ref-Magnuson5_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Magnuson5-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>Gempa bumi ini menyebabkan kerosakan teruk di beberapa lokasi yang sangat spesifik di <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Bay_Area" title="San Francisco Bay Area">San Francisco Bay Area</a>, terutamanya di tanah yang tidak stabil di <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco" title="San Francisco">San Francisco</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Oakland" class="mw-redirect" title="Oakland">Oakland</a>. Dewan Bandaraya Oakland telah dipindahkan selepas gempa bumi sehingga pengubahsuaian seismik ASM 80 juta dan kerja pengurangan bahaya telah siap pada tahun 1995.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Banyak komuniti lain mengalami kerosakan teruk di rantau ini yang terletak di Alameda, San Mateo, Santa Clara, San Benito, <a href="/wiki/Santa_Cruz" class="mw-disambig" title="Santa Cruz">Santa Cruz</a> dan daerah Monterey. Kerosakan harta utama di Marina District San Francisco 60 batu (97 km) dari pusat gempa akibat pencairan tanah yang digunakan untuk mewujudkan tanah tepi pantai. Kesan lain termasuk gunung berapi pasir, tanah runtuh dan pecah tanah. Sebanyak 12,000 rumah dan 2,600 perniagaan rosak.<sup id="cite_ref-SanAndreasFault_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SanAndreasFault-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Di Santa Cruz, dekat dengan pusat gempa bumi, 40 bangunan runtuh, membunuh enam orang.<sup id="cite_ref-SFGate2004_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SFGate2004-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Di Santa Cruz Beach Boardwalk, Bangunan Plunge telah rosak dengan ketara.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pencairan juga menyebabkan kerosakan di kawasan Watsonville.<sup id="cite_ref-pubs.usgs.gov_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pubs.usgs.gov-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sebagai contoh, gunung berapi pasir terbentuk di medan berhampiran Pajaro serta di ladang strawberi.<sup id="cite_ref-pubs.usgs.gov_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pubs.usgs.gov-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kedai jabatan Ford di Watsonville mengalami kerosakan yang ketara, termasuk keretakan di hadapan bangunan.<sup id="cite_ref-pubs.usgs.gov_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pubs.usgs.gov-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Banyak rumah telah hilang jika mereka tidak diletak pada asas mereka.<sup id="cite_ref-pubs.usgs.gov_14-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pubs.usgs.gov-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Terdapat kegagalan struktur jambatan kembar di seluruh Struve Slough berhampiran Watsonville.<sup id="cite_ref-pubs.usgs.gov_14-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pubs.usgs.gov-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Di Landing Moss, pencecairan itu menghancurkan tambak yang membawa jalan masuk Moss Beach melintasi lembah air laut, merosakkan pendekatan dan penyambungan jambatan yang menghubungkan Moss Landing meludah ke tanah besar dan memecahkan jalan berturap di Pulau Paul.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Di bandar bersejarah Old Town Salinas, bangunan batu yang tidak diperbaiki sebahagiannya musnah.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lihat_juga">Lihat juga</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gempa_bumi_Loma_Prieta_1989&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Sunting bahagian: Lihat juga" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gempa_bumi_Loma_Prieta_1989&action=edit&section=4" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Lihat juga"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kejuruteraan_gempa_bumi" title="Kejuruteraan gempa bumi">Kejuruteraan gempa bumi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gempa_bumi_San_Francisco_1906" title="Gempa bumi San Francisco 1906">Gempa bumi San Francisco 1906</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rujukan">Rujukan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gempa_bumi_Loma_Prieta_1989&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Sunting bahagian: Rujukan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gempa_bumi_Loma_Prieta_1989&action=edit&section=5" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Rujukan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r6173370">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Stover-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Stover_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stover_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stover_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stover_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stover_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stover_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stover_1-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stover_1-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r5110723">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite id="CITEREFStoverCoffman1993" class="citation cs2">Stover, C. 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(1993), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=bY0KAQAAIAAJ"><i>Seismicity of the United States, 1568–1989 (Revised)</i></a>, U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1527, <a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Government_Printing_Office&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="United States Government Printing Office (laman tidak wujud)">United States Government Printing Office</a>, m/s. 98, 99, 180–186</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Seismicity+of+the+United+States%2C+1568%E2%80%931989+%28Revised%29&rft.series=U.S.+Geological+Survey+Professional+Paper+1527&rft.pages=98%2C+99%2C+180-186&rft.pub=United+States+Government+Printing+Office&rft.date=1993&rft.aulast=Stover&rft.aufirst=C.+W.&rft.au=Coffman%2C+J.+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DbY0KAQAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3AGempa+bumi+Loma+Prieta+1989" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Clough-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Clough_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Clough_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Clough_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFCloughMartin,_IIChameau1994" class="citation cs2"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ray_W._Clough&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ray W. Clough (laman tidak wujud)">Clough, G. W.</a>; Martin, II, J. R.; Chameau, J. L. (1994), "The geotechnical aspects", <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=bTkrAAAAYAAJ"><i>Practical lessons from the Loma Prieta earthquake</i></a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Academies_Press&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Academies Press (laman tidak wujud)">National Academies Press</a>, m/s. 29–46, <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-0309050302" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-0309050302"><bdi>978-0309050302</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+geotechnical+aspects&rft.btitle=Practical+lessons+from+the+Loma+Prieta+earthquake&rft.pages=29-46&rft.pub=National+Academies+Press&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-0309050302&rft.aulast=Clough&rft.aufirst=G.+W.&rft.au=Martin%2C+II%2C+J.+R.&rft.au=Chameau%2C+J.+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DbTkrAAAAYAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3AGempa+bumi+Loma+Prieta+1989" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-competing-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-competing_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHousner1990">Housner 1990</a>, halaman 19–23</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ma-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Ma_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFMaSatakeKanamori1991" class="citation cs2">Ma, K.; Satake, K.; Kanamori, H. (1991), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100723135322/http://www.gps.caltech.edu/uploads/File/People/kanamori/HKgrl91.pdf">"The origin of the tsunami excited by the 1989 Loma Prieta Earthquake –Faulting or slumping–"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>, <i>Geophysical Research Letters</i>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Geophysical_Union&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="American Geophysical Union (laman tidak wujud)">American Geophysical Union</a>, <b>18</b> (4): 637–640, <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1991GeoRL..18..637M">1991GeoRL..18..637M</a>, <a href="/wiki/Doi" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1029%2F91gl00818">10.1029/91gl00818</a>, diarkibkan daripada <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gps.caltech.edu/uploads/File/People/kanamori/HKgrl91.pdf">yang asal</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> pada 2010-07-23<span class="reference-accessdate">, dicapai pada <span class="nowrap">2018-02-23</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Geophysical+Research+Letters&rft.atitle=The+origin+of+the+tsunami+excited+by+the+1989+Loma+Prieta+Earthquake+%E2%80%93Faulting+or+slumping%E2%80%93&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=637-640&rft.date=1991&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1029%2F91gl00818&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1991GeoRL..18..637M&rft.aulast=Ma&rft.aufirst=K.&rft.au=Satake%2C+K.&rft.au=Kanamori%2C+H.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gps.caltech.edu%2Fuploads%2FFile%2FPeople%2Fkanamori%2FHKgrl91.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3AGempa+bumi+Loma+Prieta+1989" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Breaker-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Breaker_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFBreakerMurtyNortonCarrol2009" class="citation cs2">Breaker, L. C.; Murty, T. S.; Norton, J. G.; Carrol, D. (2009), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tsunamisociety.org/285BREAKER.pdf">"Comparing sea level response at Monterey, California from the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake and the 1964 Great Alaskan earthquake"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>, <i>Science of Tsunami Hazards</i>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tsunami_Society&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tsunami Society (laman tidak wujud)">Tsunami Society</a>, <b>28</b> (5): 255–271</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science+of+Tsunami+Hazards&rft.atitle=Comparing+sea+level+response+at+Monterey%2C+California+from+the+1989+Loma+Prieta+earthquake+and+the+1964+Great+Alaskan+earthquake&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=255-271&rft.date=2009&rft.aulast=Breaker&rft.aufirst=L.+C.&rft.au=Murty%2C+T.+S.&rft.au=Norton%2C+J.+G.&rft.au=Carrol%2C+D.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftsunamisociety.org%2F285BREAKER.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3AGempa+bumi+Loma+Prieta+1989" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Perfettini-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Perfettini_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Perfettini_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFPerfettiniSteinSimpsonCocco1999" class="citation cs2">Perfettini, H.; <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ross_Stein&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ross Stein (laman tidak wujud)">Stein, R. S.</a>; Simpson, R.; Cocco, M. (1999), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170421092732/https://profile.usgs.gov/myscience/upload_folder/ci2011Aug1515040342966Perfettini%20et%20al%201999.pdf">"Stress transfer by the 1988–1989 M = 5.3 and 5.4 Lake Elsman foreshocks to the Loma Prieta fault: Unclamping at the site of peak mainshock slip"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>, <i>Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth</i>, <a href="/wiki/John_Wiley_%26_Sons" title="John Wiley & Sons">Wiley</a>, <b>104</b> (B9): 20, 169, 20, 173, 20, 174, <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999JGR...10420169P">1999JGR...10420169P</a>, <a href="/wiki/Doi" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1029%2F1999JB900092">10.1029/1999JB900092</a>, diarkibkan daripada <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://profile.usgs.gov/myscience/upload_folder/ci2011Aug1515040342966Perfettini%20et%20al%201999.pdf">yang asal</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> pada 2017-04-21<span class="reference-accessdate">, dicapai pada <span class="nowrap">2018-02-23</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research%3A+Solid+Earth&rft.atitle=Stress+transfer+by+the+1988%E2%80%931989+M+%3D+5.3+and+5.4+Lake+Elsman+foreshocks+to+the+Loma+Prieta+fault%3A+Unclamping+at+the+site+of+peak+mainshock+slip&rft.volume=104&rft.issue=B9&rft.pages=20%2C+169%2C+20%2C+173%2C+20%2C+174&rft.date=1999&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1029%2F1999JB900092&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1999JGR...10420169P&rft.aulast=Perfettini&rft.aufirst=H.&rft.au=Stein%2C+R.+S.&rft.au=Simpson%2C+R.&rft.au=Cocco%2C+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fprofile.usgs.gov%2Fmyscience%2Fupload_folder%2Fci2011Aug1515040342966Perfettini%2520et%2520al%25201999.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3AGempa+bumi+Loma+Prieta+1989" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bolt-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bolt_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bolt_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bolt_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFBolt2005" class="citation cs2"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bruce_Bolt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bruce Bolt (laman tidak wujud)">Bolt, B.</a> (2005), <i>Earthquakes: 2006 Centennial Update – The 1906 Big One</i> (ed. Fifth), <a href="/w/index.php?title=W._H._Freeman_and_Company&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="W. H. Freeman and Company (laman tidak wujud)">W. H. Freeman and Company</a>, m/s. 10–14, 293–297, <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-0716775485" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-0716775485"><bdi>978-0716775485</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Earthquakes%3A+2006+Centennial+Update+%E2%80%93+The+1906+Big+One&rft.pages=10-14%2C+293-297&rft.edition=Fifth&rft.pub=W.+H.+Freeman+and+Company&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0716775485&rft.aulast=Bolt&rft.aufirst=B.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3AGempa+bumi+Loma+Prieta+1989" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFYeats2012" class="citation cs2">Yeats, R. (2012), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=aQUgAwAAQBAJ"><i>Active Faults of the World</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>, m/s. 80–83, 89–92, <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-0521190855" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-0521190855"><bdi>978-0521190855</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Active+Faults+of+the+World&rft.pages=80-83%2C+89-92&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0521190855&rft.aulast=Yeats&rft.aufirst=R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DaQUgAwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3AGempa+bumi+Loma+Prieta+1989" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Magnuson5-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Magnuson5_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,958883-5,00.html">"Earthquake"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080614015619/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,958883-5,00.html">Diarkibkan</a> 2008-06-14 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <i>Time</i>. Monday, October 30, 1989. Ed Magnuson. p. 5. Retrieved September 5, 2009.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wje.com/news/detail.php?nid=112">Wiss, Janney, Elstner Associates, Inc. <i>Oakland City Hall</i></a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SanAndreasFault-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-SanAndreasFault_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="error mw-ext-cite-error" lang="ms" dir="ltr">Ralat petik: Tag <code><ref></code> tidak sah; tiada teks disediakan bagi rujukan yang bernama <code>SanAndreasFault</code></span></li> <li id="cite_note-SFGate2004-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-SFGate2004_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFGathright2004" class="citation news cs1">Gathright, Alan (October 16, 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2004/10/16/BAGUI99K7K36.DTL">"Loma Prieta Earthquake: 15 years later. 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Beachboardwalk.com. Diarkibkan daripada <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://beachboardwalk.com/03_press_bw_history.html">yang asal</a> pada November 5, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Dicapai pada <span class="nowrap">December 31,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Press+%E2%80%93+Boardwalk+History&rft.pub=Beachboardwalk.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbeachboardwalk.com%2F03_press_bw_history.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3AGempa+bumi+Loma+Prieta+1989" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pubs.usgs.gov-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-pubs.usgs.gov_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pubs.usgs.gov_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pubs.usgs.gov_14-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pubs.usgs.gov_14-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pubs.usgs.gov_14-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubs.usgs.gov/dds/dds-29/web_pages/watsonville.html">"Watsonville Area"</a>. Pubs.usgs.gov<span class="reference-accessdate">. Dicapai pada <span class="nowrap">December 31,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Watsonville+Area&rft.pub=Pubs.usgs.gov&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpubs.usgs.gov%2Fdds%2Fdds-29%2Fweb_pages%2Fwatsonville.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3AGempa+bumi+Loma+Prieta+1989" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubs.usgs.gov/dds/dds-29/web_pages/moss.html">"Moss Landing"</a>. Pubs.usgs.gov<span class="reference-accessdate">. Dicapai pada <span class="nowrap">December 31,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Moss+Landing&rft.pub=Pubs.usgs.gov&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpubs.usgs.gov%2Fdds%2Fdds-29%2Fweb_pages%2Fmoss.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3AGempa+bumi+Loma+Prieta+1989" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubs.usgs.gov/dds/dds-29/web_pages/salinas.html">"Salinas"</a>. Pubs.usgs.gov<span class="reference-accessdate">. Dicapai pada <span class="nowrap">December 31,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Salinas&rft.pub=Pubs.usgs.gov&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpubs.usgs.gov%2Fdds%2Fdds-29%2Fweb_pages%2Fsalinas.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3AGempa+bumi+Loma+Prieta+1989" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pautan_luar">Pautan luar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gempa_bumi_Loma_Prieta_1989&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Sunting bahagian: Pautan luar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gempa_bumi_Loma_Prieta_1989&action=edit&section=6" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Pautan luar"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table role="presentation" class="mbox-small plainlinks sistersitebox" style="background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1);color:inherit"> <tbody><tr> <td class="mbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></td> <td class="mbox-text plainlist"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Laman_Utama" class="extiw" title="commons:Laman Utama">Wikimedia Commons</a> mempunyai media berkaitan <i><b><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Gempa_bumi_Loma_Prieta_1989?uselang=ms">Gempa bumi Loma Prieta 1989</a></b></i></td></tr> </tbody></table> <ul><li>Satu klip filem <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.org/details/gov.archives.arc.951729">"Loma Prieta Earthquake, ca. 1989"</a> boleh didapati dengan muat turun percuma di <a href="/w/index.php?title=Arkib_Internet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arkib Internet (laman tidak wujud)">Arkib Internet</a> <small>[</small><a href="/wiki/Khas:Pautan_ke_sini/Template:Internet_Archive_film_clip" title="Khas:Pautan ke sini/Template:Internet Archive film clip"><small><i>more</i></small></a><small>]</small></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wmsb.net/1989earthquake2009.html">Reflections 20 Years Later in Loma Prieta</a> – Whole Mountain Source Book</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://earthquake.usgs.gov/regional/nca/1989/">October 17, 1989 Loma Prieta Earthquake</a> – <a href="/wiki/USGS" class="mw-redirect" title="USGS">USGS</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubs.usgs.gov/dds/dds-29/">The October 17, 1989, Loma Prieta, California, Earthquake—Selected Photographs</a> – United States Geological Survey</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eeri.org/wp-content/uploads/USA_CA_LomaPrieta_PrelimReport.pdf">Loma Prieta Earthquake, October 17, 1989. Preliminary Reconnaissance Report</a> – Earthquake Engineering Research Institute</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wapc.mlb.com/play/?content_id=4940329&query=1989+world+series">Giants Clubhouse: '89 Earthquake</a> – Major League Baseball</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sfgate.com/news/article/AFTER-THE-FALL-The-earthquake-shattered-the-Bay-2902450.php">After The Fall: The earthquake shattered the Bay Area, but the cities hardest hit are now mostly rebuilt—and the scars are hidden deep below the surface</a> – San Francisco Chronicle</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/Out-of-the-Rubble-3312129.php">Out of the Rubble. Ten Years After: First in a week-long retrospective of the Loma Prieta quake</a> – San Francisco Chronicle</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://digitalcollections.ucsc.edu/cdm/search/collection/p265101coll25/searchterm/Loma%20Prieta%20Earthquake/order/date">Photographs of the aftermath of the Loma Prieta Earthquake from the UC Santa Cruz Library's Digital Collections</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160302004138/http://digitalcollections.ucsc.edu/cdm/search/collection/p265101coll25/searchterm/Loma%20Prieta%20Earthquake/order/date">Diarkibkan</a> 2016-03-02 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.livescience.com/48332-loma-prieta-earthquake-25th-anniversary.html">25 Years After Loma Prieta, Earthquake Science Is Transformed</a> – LiveScience</li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Diambil daripada "<a dir="ltr" href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gempa_bumi_Loma_Prieta_1989&oldid=5228174">https://ms.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gempa_bumi_Loma_Prieta_1989&oldid=5228174</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Kategori" title="Khas:Kategori">Kategori</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Bencana_alam_1989" title="Kategori:Bencana alam 1989">Bencana alam 1989</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategori:Gempa_bumi_1989&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategori:Gempa bumi 1989 (laman tidak wujud)">Gempa bumi 1989</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Gempa_bumi_di_Amerika_Syarikat" title="Kategori:Gempa bumi di Amerika Syarikat">Gempa bumi di Amerika Syarikat</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Kategori-kategori tersembunyi: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Laman_dengan_ralat_rujukan" title="Kategori:Laman dengan ralat rujukan">Laman dengan ralat rujukan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Pautan_wayback_templat_webarchive" title="Kategori:Pautan wayback templat webarchive">Pautan wayback templat webarchive</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Koordinat_di_Wikidata" title="Kategori:Koordinat di Wikidata">Koordinat di Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Laman ini kali terakhir disunting pada 10:37, 20 Ogos 2021.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Teks disediakan di bawah <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.ms">Lesen Creative Commons Pengiktirafan/Perkongsian Serupa</a>; terma tambahan mungkin digunapakai. 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