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[http://www.airvectors.net/avheli_1.html "European Helicopter Pioneers."] ''vectorsite.net.'' Retrieved: 10 October 2015.{{rs|date=May 2020}}</ref> |unit cost= |variants= }} The '''Focke-Wulf Fw 61''' was the first successful, practical, and fully controllable [[helicopter]], first flown in 1936.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Wall |first1=Berend G. van der |last2=Harris |first2=Franklin D. |date=September 1, 2022 |title=Henrich Focke —Inventor of the First Successful Helicopter |url=https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20220014586 |website=ntrs.nasa.gov}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Aerospace industry – Interwar, Aircraft, Innovation |url=https://www.britannica.com/technology/aerospace-industry/Between-the-wars |access-date=2024-05-31 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Henrich Focke |url=https://sandiegoairandspace.org/hall-of-fame/honoree/henrich-focke |access-date=2024-05-31 |website=sandiegoairandspace.org}}</ref> It was also known as the '''Fa 61''', as Focke began a new company—[[Focke-Achgelis]]—in 1937.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Focke-Achgelis-EN |url=https://www.hubschraubermuseum.de/index.php/en/?view=article&id=253:focke-achgelis |access-date=2024-05-31 |website=www.hubschraubermuseum.de}}</ref> ==Design and development== [[File:DBP 1979 1008 Jugendmarke Focke-Wulf FW 61 1936.jpg|thumb|Fw 61 on a [[Deutsche Bundespost]] postage stamp, 1979]] Professor [[Henrich Focke]], through his development of the [[Fw 186]], and through the efforts of producing the [[Cierva C.19|C.19]] and [[Cierva C.30A Autogiro|C.30 autogyro]]s under licence,<ref name="Ford">{{cite book|last1=Ford|first1=Roger|title=Germany's Secret Weapons of World War II|date=2013|publisher=Amber Books|location=London|isbn=9781909160569|pages=224}}</ref> came to the conclusion that the limitations of [[autogyro]]s could be eliminated only by an aircraft with a powered rotor, the helicopter. He and engineer [[Gerd Achgelis]] started the design for this helicopter in 1932. A free-flying model, built in 1934 and propelled by a small two-stroke engine, brought the promise of success. Today, the model can be seen in the [[Deutsches Museum]] in [[Munich]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Focke |first=Henrich |date=April 1939 |title=Development of the Focke Helicopter |url=https://cybra.lodz.pl/Content/6245/v61no3_1939.pdf |journal=Journal of Fluids Engineering |volume=61 |issue=3 |pages=187 |via=Łódzka Regionalna Biblioteka Cyfrowa}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Study model of the Fw 61 helicopter |url=https://digital.deutsches-museum.de/de/digital-catalogue/collection-object/68305/ |access-date=2024-05-31 |website=digital.deutsches-museum.de |language=de}}</ref> On 9 February 1935, Focke received an order for the building of a [[prototype]], which was designated the Fw 61; Focke referred to it as the F 61. Roluf Lucht of the technical office of the [[Ministry of Aviation (Nazi Germany)|RLM]] extended the order for a second aircraft on 19 December 1935. The [[airframe]] was based on that of a well-tried training aircraft, the [[Focke-Wulf Fw 44]] ''Stieglitz''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Focke-Wulf Fw 44J Stieglitz |url=https://www.militaryaviationmuseum.org/aircraft/focke-wulf-fw-44j-stiegltiz/ |access-date=2024-05-31 |website=Military Aviation Museum |language=en-US}}</ref> Using rotor technology licensed from the [[Cierva Autogiro Company]], a single [[radial engine]] drove twin rotors, set on tubular steel outriggers to the left and right of the [[fuselage]].<ref name="Ford" /> Each main rotor consisted of three articulated and tapered blades, driven by the engine through gears and shafts. Longitudinal and directional control was achieved using cyclic pitch and asymmetric rotor lift.<ref name=aviastar>{{Cite journal|journal=German Aircraft of the Second World War|url=http://www.aviastar.org/helicopters_eng/fw-61.php|author=J.R.Smith|author2=Antony L. Kay |date=1972 |title=Focke-Wulf Fw 61|access-date= 6 June 2015}}</ref> The [[Contra-rotating rotors|counter-rotation]] of the two rotors solved the problem of [[torque]]-reaction as also shown by [[Louis Bréguet]]. The small horizontal-axis propeller directly driven by the engine was purely to provide the necessary airflow to cool the engine during low speed or hovering flight and provided negligible forward thrust.<ref name=F_328>{{Cite journal|journal=[[Flight International|Flight]]|url=http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1938/1938%20-%201076.html|author=J.R. Smith|author2=Antony L. Kay |date=21 April 1938 |pages=380–383 |title=Helicopter Progress }}</ref><ref name="Ford" /> Only two aircraft were produced.<ref name="air-1" /> The first prototype, the V 1 D-EBVU, had its first free flight on 26 June 1936 with [[Ewald Rohlfs]] at the controls.<ref name=F_328/> By early 1937, the second prototype, V 2 D-EKRA, was completed and flown for its first flight.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Taylor |first=Michael John Haddrick |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tdCa_zplDycC |title=The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Helicopters |date=1984 |publisher=Exeter Books |isbn=978-0-671-07149-3 |pages=37 |language=en}}</ref> On 10 May 1937, it accomplished its first [[Autorotation (helicopter)|autorotation]] landing with the engine turned off.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Hirschberg |first=Michael J. |date=1999 |title=A Perspective on the First Century of Vertical Flight |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/44729509 |journal=SAE Transactions |volume=108 |pages=1120 |jstor=44729509 |issn=0096-736X }}</ref> Focke-Achgelis began work on a two-seat sports version of the Fw 61, the ''Fa 224'', which would have used an Argus As 10C engine and had greater performance. However, the Fa 224 never left the drawing board at the outbreak of World War II.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.historyofwar.org/articles/weapons_focke-achgelis_Fa_224.html|title = Focke-Achgelis Fa 224}}</ref> ==Operational history== [[File:Focke-Wulf Fw 61 vr.jpg|thumb|right|A [[replica]] of Fw 61, [[ILA Berlin Air Show|ILA]] 2006 at the [[Hubschraubermuseum Bückeburg|Hubschraubermuseum]] in [[Bückeburg]]]] In February 1938, the Fw 61 was demonstrated by [[Hanna Reitsch]] indoors at the ''[[Deutschlandhalle]]'' sports stadium in Berlin, Germany.<ref name="Ruffin">Ruffin 2005, p. 19.</ref><ref name="fs">{{cite book |last1=Smith |first1=Frank |title=Legacy of Wings; The Harold F. Pitcairn Story |date=1981 |publisher=Jason Aronson, Inc. |location=New York |isbn=0876684851 |pages=261–262}}</ref> It subsequently set several records for [[altitude]], [[speed]] and flight [[Time|duration]] culminating, in June 1938, with an [[Flight altitude record|altitude record]] of 3,427&nbsp;m (11,243&nbsp;ft),<ref name="Ford" /> breaking the unofficial {{cvt|605|m}} altitude record of the [[Central Aerohydrodynamic Institute|TsAGI]] 1-EA single lift-rotor helicopter from the Soviet Union set on 14 August 1932,<ref>{{Cite web |title=TsAGI centenary in the history of aviation: TsAGI 1-EA helicopter – News – Press-center – TsAGI |url=https://www.tsagi.ru/en/pressroom/news/3929/ |access-date=2024-05-31 |website=www.tsagi.ru}}</ref> and a straight line flight record of 230&nbsp;km (143&nbsp;mi).<ref name=":0" /> Neither of these machines appear to have survived [[World War II]], although a replica is on display at the [[Hubschraubermuseum Bückeburg|Hubschraubermuseum]] in [[Bückeburg]], Germany.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Focke Wulf Fw-61 (replica), c/n V-2, c/r D-EKRA |url=https://www.aerialvisuals.ca/AirframeDossier.php?Serial=23128 |access-date=2024-05-31 |website=www.aerialvisuals.ca}}</ref> ==Specifications (Fw 61)== [[File:Focke-Wulf Fw 61 V2 3-view line drawing.png|right|30px|Orthographic projection of the Fw 61 V2]] {{Aircraft specs |ref=Aircraft of the Third Reich<ref name="Greenaottr">Green 2010, pp. 356–357.</ref> |prime units?=met  |crew=one |length m=7.3 |length note=fuselage only |height m=2.65 |empty weight kg=800 |max takeoff weight kg=950  |eng1 number=1 |eng1 name=[[Bramo Sh.14A]] |eng1 type=7-cyl. air-cooled radial piston engine |eng1 kw=119 |rot number=2 |rot dia m=7 |rot area sqm=76.97  |max speed kmh=112 |max speed note=at sea level |cruise speed kmh=90 |range km=230 |ceiling m=3,427 |climb rate ms= 3.50 }} ==See also== {{aircontent  |related= * [[Focke-Achgelis Fa 223]] |similar aircraft= * [[Flettner Fl 265]] * [[Flettner Fl 282]] * [[Gyroplane Laboratoire]] * [[Sikorsky R-4]] |lists= |see also= }} ==References== ===Notes=== {{Reflist}} ===Bibliography=== {{Refbegin}} * Coates, Steve and Jean-Christophe Carbonel. ''Helicopters of the Third Reich''. Crowborough, UK: Classic Publications Ltd., 2002. {{ISBN|1-903223-24-5}}. * Green, William. Aircraft of the Third Reich, Vol.1''. London: Aerospace Publishing Limited, (First ed.) 2010. {{ISBN|978-1-900732-06-2}}. * Nowarra, Heinz J. ''German Helicopters, 1928–1945''. Atglen, Pennsylvania: Schiffer Publishing, 1990. {{ISBN|0-88740-289-5}}. * Ruffin, Steven A. Aviation's Most Wanted: The Top 10 book of Winged Wonders, Lucky Landings and Other Aerial Oddities. Washington D.C.: Potomac Books, 2005. {{ISBN|1-57488-674-6}}. * Smith, J. Richard. ''Focke-Wulf, an Aircraft Album''. London: Ian Allan Ltd., 1973. {{ISBN|0-7110-0425-0}}. * Smith, J. Richard and Anthony Kay. ''German Aircraft of the Second World War''. London: Putnam & Company Ltd., 1972 (3rd edition 1978). {{ISBN|0-370-00024-2}}. * Witkowski, Ryszard. ''Rotorcraft of the Third Reich''. Redbourn, UK: Mushroom Model Publications, 2007. {{ISBN|978-83-89450-43-2}}. {{Refend}} ==External links== {{Commons category}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20120205181430/http://www.vectorsite.net/avheli_1.html French & German Helicopter Pioneers (Fa 61)] * [http://www.return2style.de/swingaring/amifw61.htm Focke Wulf Fw61] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20121014092452/http://www.centennialofflight.gov/essay/Rotary/Focke/HE5.htm Henrich Focke – Fa 61] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20160303233647/http://www.luftfahrtmuseum.com/htmi/itf/fw61.htm Virtual Aviation Museum Focke Wulf FW 61] * [http://www.warbirdsresourcegroup.org/LRG/fw61.html Warbirds Resource Group] * [https://www.flugzeug-lexikon.de/ILA_2006/Historische_Flugzeuge/Focke-Wulf_Fw_61/focke-wulf_fw_61.html German static replica] * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=urVLrecZRk4 Focke Wulf Fw 61 luftwaffe] at YouTube * [http://www.verticalmag.com/news/article/VerticalRewindSpoilsofWar Vertical Rewind: Spoils of War] 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