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Available in 13 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-13" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">13 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9A%B2" title="ᚲ – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="ᚲ" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B7" title="Кеназ – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Кеназ" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaunaz" title="Kaunaz – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Kaunaz" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenaz" title="Kenaz – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Kenaz" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaun" title="Kaun – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Kaun" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaunan" title="Kaunan – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Kaunan" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaunan" title="Kaunan – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Kaunan" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%9F" title="קאונן – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קאונן" 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</div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Rune</div> <table class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="float:right;clear:right;width:auto;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1.0em;font-size:88%;text-align:center"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" rowspan="3" style="vertical-align:middle">Name</th><th scope="col"><a href="/wiki/Proto-Germanic_language" title="Proto-Germanic language">Proto-Germanic</a></th><th scope="col"><a href="/wiki/Old_English" title="Old English">Old English</a></th><th scope="col"><a href="/wiki/Old_Norse" title="Old Norse">Old Norse</a></th></tr><tr style="font-size:150%"><td style="padding:1px"><b>*Kauną</b><sup>?</sup></td><td style="padding:1px"><b>Cēn</b></td><td style="padding:1px"><b>Kaun</b></td></tr><tr><td style="padding:1px">?</td><td style="padding:1px">"torch"</td><td style="padding:1px">"ulcer"</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle">Shape</th><th scope="col"><a href="/wiki/Elder_Futhark" title="Elder Futhark">Elder Futhark</a></th><th scope="col"><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Saxon_runes" title="Anglo-Saxon runes">Futhorc</a></th><th scope="col"><a href="/wiki/Younger_Futhark" title="Younger Futhark">Younger Futhark</a></th></tr><tr><td style="padding:1px"><span class="mw-default-size skin-invert-image" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Runic_letter_kauna.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Runic_letter_kauna.svg/21px-Runic_letter_kauna.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Runic_letter_kauna.svg/32px-Runic_letter_kauna.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Runic_letter_kauna.svg/43px-Runic_letter_kauna.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="26" data-file-height="60" /></a></span></td><td style="padding:1px"><span class="mw-default-size skin-invert-image" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Runic_letter_cen.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Runic_letter_cen.svg/25px-Runic_letter_cen.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Runic_letter_cen.svg/37px-Runic_letter_cen.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Runic_letter_cen.svg/50px-Runic_letter_cen.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="30" data-file-height="60" /></a></span></td><td style="padding:1px"><span class="mw-default-size skin-invert-image" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Long-branch_Kaun.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Long-branch_Kaun.svg/23px-Long-branch_Kaun.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Long-branch_Kaun.svg/34px-Long-branch_Kaun.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Long-branch_Kaun.svg/46px-Long-branch_Kaun.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="77" data-file-height="167" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="vertical-align:middle"><a href="/wiki/Runic_(Unicode_block)" title="Runic (Unicode block)">Unicode</a></th><td style="font-size:300%;padding:1px">ᚲ <div style="display:block;font-size: 30%">U+16B2</div></td><td style="font-size:300%;padding:1px">ᚳ <div style="display:block;font-size: 30%">U+16B3</div></td><td style="font-size:300%;padding:1px">ᚴ <div style="display:block;font-size: 30%">U+16B4</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="vertical-align:middle"><a href="/wiki/Runic_transliteration_and_transcription" title="Runic transliteration and transcription">Transliteration</a></th><td style="font-size:120%;padding:1px"><b>k</b></td><td style="font-size:120%;padding:1px"><b>c</b></td><td style="font-size:120%;padding:1px"><b>k</b></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="vertical-align:middle">Transcription</th><td style="font-size:120%;padding:1px"><i>k</i></td><td style="font-size:120%;padding:1px"><i>c</i></td><td style="font-size:120%;padding:1px"><i>k</i>, <i>g</i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="vertical-align:middle"><a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a></th><td style="font-size:150%;padding:1px"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[k]</span></td><td style="font-size:150%;padding:1px"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[k],<span class="wrap"> </span>[c],<span class="wrap"> </span>[tʃ]</span></td><td style="font-size:150%;padding:1px"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[k],<span class="wrap"> </span>[g]</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="vertical-align:middle;line-height:1.3em">Position in<br />rune-row</th><td colspan="3" style="padding:1px">6</td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1092331828">@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .contains-special-characters{width:22em}}</style><div class="side-box metadata side-box-right contains-special-characters noprint selfref" style="width: 30em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Tyr-runes.svg/40px-Tyr-runes.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Tyr-runes.svg/60px-Tyr-runes.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Tyr-runes.svg/80px-Tyr-runes.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="90" data-file-height="50" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><b>This article contains <a href="/wiki/Runes" title="Runes">runic</a> characters.</b> Without proper <a href="/wiki/Help:Special_characters" title="Help:Special characters">rendering support</a>, you may see <a href="/wiki/Specials_(Unicode_block)#Replacement_character" title="Specials (Unicode block)">question marks, boxes, or other symbols</a> instead of runes.</div></div> </div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:K-runes.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/K-runes.jpg/300px-K-runes.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="121" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/K-runes.jpg/450px-K-runes.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/93/K-runes.jpg 2x" data-file-width="487" data-file-height="196" /></a><figcaption>The evolution of the rune in the elder futhark during the centuries</figcaption></figure> <p>The <i>k</i>-<a href="/wiki/Rune" class="mw-redirect" title="Rune">rune</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1227795492">.mw-parser-output .script-runic{font-family:"BabelStone Runic","FreeMono",Junicode,Code2000,Hnias,"Noto Sans Runic","San Francisco","New York"}</style><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᚲ</span> (Younger Futhark <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227795492"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᚴ</span>, Anglo-Saxon futhorc <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227795492"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᚳ</span>) is called <b>Kaun</b> in both the <a href="/wiki/Norwegian_language" title="Norwegian language">Norwegian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Icelandic_language" title="Icelandic language">Icelandic</a> <a href="/wiki/Rune_poem" title="Rune poem">rune poems</a>, meaning "<a href="/wiki/Ulcer" title="Ulcer">ulcer</a>". The reconstructed <a href="/wiki/Proto-Germanic_language" title="Proto-Germanic language">Proto-Germanic</a> name is <b>*Kauną</b>. It is also known as <b>Kenaz</b> ("torch"), based on its Anglo-Saxon name. </p><p>The Elder Futhark shape is likely directly based on <a href="/wiki/Old_Italic_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Old Italic alphabet">Old Italic</a> <i>c</i> (<span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:EtruscanC-01.png" class="mw-file-description" title="C"><img alt="C" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/EtruscanC-01.png/14px-EtruscanC-01.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/EtruscanC-01.png/21px-EtruscanC-01.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/EtruscanC-01.png/28px-EtruscanC-01.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span>, 𐌂) and on Latin <a href="/wiki/C" title="C">C</a>. The Younger Futhark and Anglo-Saxon Futhorc shapes have parallels in Old Italic shapes of <i>k</i> (<span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:EtruscanK-01.png" class="mw-file-description" title="K"><img alt="K" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/EtruscanK-01.png/14px-EtruscanK-01.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/EtruscanK-01.png/21px-EtruscanK-01.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/EtruscanK-01.png/28px-EtruscanK-01.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span>, 𐌊) and Latin <a href="/wiki/K" title="K">K</a> (compare the <a href="/wiki/Negau_helmet" class="mw-redirect" title="Negau helmet">Negau helmet</a> inscription). The corresponding <a href="/wiki/Gothic_alphabet" title="Gothic alphabet">Gothic letter</a> is 𐌺 <i>k</i>, called <i>kusma</i>. </p><p>The shape of the Younger Futhark <i>kaun</i> rune (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227795492"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᚴ</span>) is identical to that of the "bookhand" <a href="/wiki/S_rune" class="mw-redirect" title="S rune">s rune</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Saxon_runes" title="Anglo-Saxon runes">Anglo-Saxon futhorc</a>. The <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227795492"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᚴ</span> rune also occurs in some <a href="/wiki/Continental_runic_inscriptions" class="mw-redirect" title="Continental runic inscriptions">continental runic inscriptions</a>. It has been suggested that in these instances, it represents the <i>ch</i> /χ/ sound resulting from the <a href="/wiki/Old_High_German_sound_shift" class="mw-redirect" title="Old High German sound shift">Old High German sound shift</a> (e.g. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227795492"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛖᛚᚴ</span> <i>elch</i> in <a href="/wiki/Nordendorf_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Nordendorf II">Nordendorf II</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Rune_Poems" class="mw-redirect" title="Rune Poems">Rune Poem</a>:</b><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><b>English Translation:</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Old_Norwegian" title="Old Norwegian">Old Norwegian</a></b> <br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227795492"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᚴ</span> Kaun er barna bǫlvan; <br />bǫl gørver nán fǫlvan. </p> </td> <td> <p><br />Ulcer is fatal to children; <br />death makes a corpse pale. </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Old_Icelandic" class="mw-redirect" title="Old Icelandic">Old Icelandic</a></b> <br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227795492"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᚴ</span> Kaun er barna böl <br />ok bardaga [för] <br />ok holdfúa hús. <br /><i>flagella</i> konungr. </p> </td> <td> <p><br />Disease fatal to children <br />and painful spot <br />and abode of mortification. </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Old_English" title="Old English">Anglo-Saxon</a></b> <br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227795492"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᚳ</span> Cen bẏþ cƿicera gehƿam, cuþ on fẏre <br />blac ond beorhtlic, bẏrneþ oftust <br />ðær hi æþelingas inne restaþ. </p> </td> <td> <p><br />The torch is known to every living man <br />by its pale, bright flame; it always burns <br />where princes sit within. </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><b>Notes:</b> <ul><li>The Icelandic poem is glossed with Latin <i>flagella</i> "whip".</li> <li>The Anglo-Saxon poem gives the name <i>cen</i> "torch".</li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaunan&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> Tineke Looijenga, <i>Texts & contexts of the oldest Runic inscriptions</i>, BRILL, 2003, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-12396-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-12396-0">978-90-04-12396-0</a>, p. 129.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Original poems and translation from the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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title="Template talk:Runes"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Runes" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Runes"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Runes1170" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Runes" title="Runes">Runes</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Runology" title="Runology">Runology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_runologists" title="List of runologists">List of runologists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rundata" title="Rundata">Rundata</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Elder_Futhark" title="Elder Futhark">Germanic Elder Futhark</a><br />24-type Fuþark<br />(ca. <a href="/wiki/Anno_Domini" title="Anno Domini">AD</a> to <a href="/wiki/9th_century" title="9th century">9th c.</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0.5em 0;"><table cellspacing="0" class="IPA" style="text-align: center"> <tbody><tr style="line-height: 1.75em; vertical-align: top"> <td style="width: 5.85em; text-align:left"><i>Normalized<br />Variations</i></td> <td style="width: 1.85em;">–<br />–</td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Fehu" title="Fehu"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᚠ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Ur_(rune)" title="Ur (rune)"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᚢ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Thurisaz" title="Thurisaz"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᚦ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Ansuz_(rune)" title="Ansuz (rune)"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᚨ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Raido" title="Raido"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᚱ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᚲ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Gyfu" title="Gyfu"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᚷ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Wynn" title="Wynn"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᚹ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px">᛬</td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Haglaz" title="Haglaz"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᚺ</span></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Haglaz" title="Haglaz"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᚻ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Naudiz" title="Naudiz"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᚾ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Isaz" title="Isaz"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛁ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/J%C4%93ran" title="Jēran"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛃ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Eihwaz" title="Eihwaz"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛇ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Peor%C3%B0" title="Peorð"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛈ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Algiz" title="Algiz"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛉ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Sowil%C5%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="Sowilō"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛊ</span></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Sowil%C5%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="Sowilō"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛋ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px">᛬</td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Tiwaz_(rune)" title="Tiwaz (rune)"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛏ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Berkanan" title="Berkanan"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛒ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Ehwaz" title="Ehwaz"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛖ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Mannaz" title="Mannaz"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛗ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Laguz" title="Laguz"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛚ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Yngvi" title="Yngvi"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛜ</span></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Yngvi" title="Yngvi"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛝ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Dagaz" title="Dagaz"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛞ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Othala" title="Othala"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛟ</span></a></td> </tr> <tr style="line-height: 1em; vertical-align: top"> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/F" title="F">f</a></b><br /></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/U" title="U">u</a></b><br /><a href="/wiki/Close_front_rounded_vowel" title="Close front rounded vowel">y</a></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/%C3%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="Þ">þ</a></b><br /><a href="/wiki/%C3%90" class="mw-redirect" title="Ð">ð</a></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/Open_central_unrounded_vowel" title="Open central unrounded vowel">a</a></b><br /><a href="/wiki/%C3%83" title="Ã">ã</a></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/R" title="R">r</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/K" title="K">k</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/G" title="G">g</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/%C7%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="Ƿ">ƿ</a></b><br /><a href="/wiki/V" title="V">v</a></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/H" title="H">h</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/N" title="N">n</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/I" title="I">i</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_approximant" title="Voiced palatal approximant">j</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/%C3%8F" title="Ï">ï</a></b><br /><a href="/wiki/%C3%89" title="É">é</a></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/P" title="P">p</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/Z" title="Z">z</a></b><br />ʀ</small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/S" title="S">s</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/T" title="T">t</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/B" title="B">b</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/E" title="E">e</a></b><br /><a href="/wiki/Open-mid_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Open-mid front unrounded vowel">ɛ</a></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/M" title="M">m</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/L" title="L">l</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/%C5%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="Ŋ">ŋ</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/D" title="D">d</a></b><br /><a href="/wiki/%C3%90" class="mw-redirect" title="Ð">ð</a></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/O" title="O">o</a></b><br /><a href="/wiki/%C3%85" title="Å">å</a><br /><a href="/wiki/%C3%96" title="Ö">ö</a></small></td> </tr> </tbody></table></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Saxon_runes" title="Anglo-Saxon runes">Anglo-Frisian Futhorc</a><br />28-type Fuþorc<br />(ca. <a href="/wiki/5th_century" title="5th century">5th c.</a> to <a href="/wiki/9th_century" title="9th century">9th c.</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0.5em 0;"><table cellspacing="0" class="IPA" style="text-align: center"> <tbody><tr style="line-height: 1.75em; vertical-align: top"> <td style="width: 5.85em; text-align:left"><i>Normalized<br />Variations</i></td> <td style="width: 1.85em;">–<br />–</td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Fehu" title="Fehu"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᚠ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Ur_(rune)" title="Ur (rune)"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᚢ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Thurisaz" title="Thurisaz"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᚦ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Ansuz_(rune)#Anglo-Saxon_Futhorc" title="Ansuz (rune)"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᚩ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Raido" title="Raido"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᚱ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᚳ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Gyfu" title="Gyfu"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᚷ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Wynn" title="Wynn"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᚹ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"> </td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Haglaz" title="Haglaz"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᚻ</span></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Haglaz" title="Haglaz"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᚺ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Naudiz" title="Naudiz"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᚾ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Isaz" title="Isaz"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛁ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/J%C4%93ran" title="Jēran"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛄ</span></a><br /><a href="/wiki/J%C4%93ran" title="Jēran"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛡ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Eihwaz" title="Eihwaz"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛇ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Peor%C3%B0" title="Peorð"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛈ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Algiz" title="Algiz"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛉ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Sowil%C5%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="Sowilō"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛋ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"> </td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Tiwaz_(rune)" title="Tiwaz (rune)"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛏ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Berkanan" title="Berkanan"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛒ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Ehwaz" title="Ehwaz"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛖ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Mannaz" title="Mannaz"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛗ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Laguz" title="Laguz"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛚ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Yngvi" title="Yngvi"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛝ</span></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Yngvi" title="Yngvi"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛜ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Dagaz" title="Dagaz"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛞ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Othala" title="Othala"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛟ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"> </td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Ansuz_(rune)#Anglo-Saxon_Futhorc" title="Ansuz (rune)"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᚪ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Ansuz_(rune)#Anglo-Saxon_Futhorc" title="Ansuz (rune)"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᚫ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Ur_(rune)" title="Ur (rune)"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᚣ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"> </td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Ear_(rune)" title="Ear (rune)"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛠ</span></a></td> </tr> <tr style="line-height: 1em; vertical-align: top"> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/F" title="F">f</a></b><br /></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/U" title="U">u</a></b><br /><a href="/wiki/O" title="O">o</a></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/%C3%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="Þ">þ</a></b><br /><a href="/wiki/%C3%90" class="mw-redirect" title="Ð">ð</a></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/O" title="O">o</a></b><br /><a href="/wiki/%C3%85" title="Å">å</a><br /><a href="/wiki/%C3%96" title="Ö">ö</a></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/R" title="R">r</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/C" title="C">c</a></b><br /><a href="/wiki/K" title="K">k</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Sj-sound" title="Sj-sound">ɧ</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolo-palatal_fricative" title="Voiceless alveolo-palatal fricative">ɕ</a></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/%C8%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="Ȝ">ȝ</a></b><br /><a href="/wiki/G" title="G">g</a><br /><a href="/wiki/%C5%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="Ŋ">ŋ</a><br /><a href="/wiki/K" title="K">k</a></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/%C7%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="Ƿ">ƿ</a></b>/<a href="/wiki/V" title="V">v</a></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/H" title="H">h</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/N" title="N">n</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/I" title="I">i</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_approximant" title="Voiced palatal approximant">j</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/%C3%8F" title="Ï">ï</a></b><br /><a href="/wiki/%C3%89" title="É">é</a><br />ēo</small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/P" title="P">p</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/X" title="X">x</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/S" title="S">s</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/T" title="T">t</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/B" title="B">b</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/E" title="E">e</a></b><br /><a href="/wiki/Open-mid_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Open-mid front unrounded vowel">ɛ</a></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/M" title="M">m</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/L" title="L">l</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/%C5%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="Ŋ">ŋ</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/D" title="D">d</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/%C5%92" title="Œ">œ</a></b><br /><a href="/wiki/%C3%96" title="Ö">oe</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Open-mid_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Open-mid front unrounded vowel">ōe</a></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/A" title="A">a</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/%C3%86" title="Æ">æ</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/Close_front_rounded_vowel" title="Close front rounded vowel">y</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b>ea</b><br />æa</small></td> </tr> </tbody></table></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Saxon_runes" title="Anglo-Saxon runes">Later Anglo-Saxon Futhorc</a><br />33-type Fuþorc<br />(ca. <a href="/wiki/8th_century" title="8th century">8th c.</a> to <a href="/wiki/12th_century" title="12th century">12th c.</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0.5em 0;"><table cellspacing="0" class="IPA" style="text-align: center"> <tbody><tr style="line-height: 1.75em; vertical-align: top"> <td style="width: 5.85em; text-align:left"><i>Normalized<br />Variations</i></td> <td style="width: 1.85em;">–<br />–</td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Fehu" title="Fehu"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᚠ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Ur_(rune)" title="Ur (rune)"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᚢ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Thurisaz" title="Thurisaz"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᚦ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Ansuz_(rune)#Anglo-Saxon_Futhorc" title="Ansuz (rune)"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᚩ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Raido" title="Raido"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᚱ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᚳ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Gyfu" title="Gyfu"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᚷ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Wynn" title="Wynn"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᚹ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"> </td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Haglaz" title="Haglaz"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᚻ</span></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Haglaz" title="Haglaz"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᚺ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Naudiz" title="Naudiz"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᚾ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Isaz" title="Isaz"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛁ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/J%C4%93ran" title="Jēran"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛄ</span></a><br /><a href="/wiki/J%C4%93ran" title="Jēran"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛡ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Eihwaz" title="Eihwaz"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛇ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Peor%C3%B0" title="Peorð"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛈ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Algiz" title="Algiz"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛉ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Sowil%C5%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="Sowilō"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛋ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"> </td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Tiwaz_(rune)" title="Tiwaz (rune)"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛏ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Berkanan" title="Berkanan"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛒ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Ehwaz" title="Ehwaz"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛖ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Mannaz" title="Mannaz"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛗ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Laguz" title="Laguz"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛚ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Yngvi" title="Yngvi"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛝ</span></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Yngvi" title="Yngvi"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛜ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Dagaz" title="Dagaz"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛞ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Othala" title="Othala"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛟ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Ansuz_(rune)#Anglo-Saxon_Futhorc" title="Ansuz (rune)"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᚪ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Ansuz_(rune)#Anglo-Saxon_Futhorc" title="Ansuz (rune)"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᚫ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Ur_(rune)" title="Ur (rune)"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᚣ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/J%C4%93ran" title="Jēran"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛡ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Ear_(rune)" title="Ear (rune)"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛠ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/%E1%9B%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="ᛢ"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛢ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Calc_(rune)" class="mw-redirect" title="Calc (rune)"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛣ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/%E1%9B%A5" class="mw-redirect" title="ᛥ"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛥ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Gyfu" title="Gyfu"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᚸ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Saxon_runes#Rune_inventory" title="Anglo-Saxon runes"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛤ</span></a></td> </tr> <tr style="line-height: 1em; vertical-align: top"> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/F" title="F">f</a></b><br /></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/U" title="U">u</a></b><br /><a href="/wiki/O" title="O">o</a></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/%C3%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="Þ">þ</a></b><br /><a href="/wiki/%C3%90" class="mw-redirect" title="Ð">ð</a></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/O" title="O">o</a></b><br /><a href="/wiki/%C3%85" title="Å">å</a><br /><a href="/wiki/%C3%96" title="Ö">ö</a></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/R" title="R">r</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/C" title="C">c</a></b><br /><a href="/wiki/K" title="K">k</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Sj-sound" title="Sj-sound">ɧ</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolo-palatal_fricative" title="Voiceless alveolo-palatal fricative">ɕ</a></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/%C8%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="Ȝ">ȝ</a></b><br /><a href="/wiki/G" title="G">g</a><br /><a href="/wiki/%C5%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="Ŋ">ŋ</a><br /><a href="/wiki/K" title="K">k</a></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/%C7%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="Ƿ">ƿ</a></b>/<a href="/wiki/V" title="V">v</a></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/H" title="H">h</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/N" title="N">n</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/I" title="I">i</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_approximant" title="Voiced palatal approximant">j</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/%C3%8F" title="Ï">ï</a></b><br /><a href="/wiki/%C3%89" title="É">é</a><br />ēo</small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/P" title="P">p</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/X" title="X">x</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/S" title="S">s</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/T" title="T">t</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/B" title="B">b</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/E" title="E">e</a></b><br /><a href="/wiki/Open-mid_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Open-mid front unrounded vowel">ɛ</a></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/M" title="M">m</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/L" title="L">l</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/%C5%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="Ŋ">ŋ</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/D" title="D">d</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/%C5%92" title="Œ">œ</a></b><br /><a href="/wiki/%C3%96" title="Ö">oe</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Open-mid_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Open-mid front unrounded vowel">ōe</a></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/A" title="A">a</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/%C3%86" title="Æ">æ</a></b><br /><a href="/wiki/Close_front_rounded_vowel" title="Close front rounded vowel">y</a></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/Close_front_rounded_vowel" title="Close front rounded vowel">y</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b>īa</b><br />īo</small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b>ea</b><br />æa</small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/Q" title="Q">q</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/K" title="K">k</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b>st</b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/Macron_(diacritic)" title="Macron (diacritic)">ḡ</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/Macron_(diacritic)" title="Macron (diacritic)">k̄</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Macron_(diacritic)" title="Macron (diacritic)">c̄</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Ck_(digraph)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ck (digraph)">ck</a></b><br /><a href="/wiki/Kk_(digraph)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kk (digraph)">kk</a></small></td> </tr> </tbody></table></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Younger_Futhark" title="Younger Futhark">Norse Younger Futhark</a><br />16-type Fuþark<br />(ca. <a href="/wiki/8th_century" title="8th century">8th c.</a> to <a href="/wiki/11th_century" title="11th century">11th c.</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0.5em 0;"><table cellspacing="0" class="IPA" style="text-align: center"> <tbody><tr style="line-height: 1.75em; vertical-align: top"> <td style="width: 5.85em; text-align:left"><i><a href="/wiki/Long-branch_runes" class="mw-redirect" title="Long-branch runes">Long-Branch</a></i></td> <td style="width: 1.85em">–</td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Fehu" title="Fehu"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᚠ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Ur_(rune)" title="Ur (rune)"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᚢ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Thurisaz" title="Thurisaz"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᚦ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Ansuz_(rune)" title="Ansuz (rune)"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᚬ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Raido" title="Raido"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᚱ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᚴ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px">᛬</td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Haglaz" title="Haglaz"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᚼ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Naudiz" title="Naudiz"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᚾ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Isaz" title="Isaz"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛁ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Ar_(rune)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ar (rune)"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛅ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Sowil%C5%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="Sowilō"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛋ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px">᛬</td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Tiwaz_(rune)" title="Tiwaz (rune)"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛏ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Berkanan" title="Berkanan"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛒ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Mannaz" title="Mannaz"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛘ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Laguz" title="Laguz"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛚ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Algiz" title="Algiz"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛦ</span></a></td> </tr> <tr style="line-height: 1.75em; vertical-align: top"> <td style="width: 5.85em; text-align:left"><i><a href="/wiki/Short-twig_runes" class="mw-redirect" title="Short-twig runes">Short-Twig</a></i></td> <td style="width: 1.85em">–</td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Fehu" title="Fehu"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᚠ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Ur_(rune)" title="Ur (rune)"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᚢ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Thurisaz" title="Thurisaz"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᚦ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Ansuz_(rune)" title="Ansuz (rune)"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᚭ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Raido" title="Raido"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᚱ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᚴ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px">᛬</td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Haglaz" title="Haglaz"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᚽ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Naudiz" title="Naudiz"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᚿ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Isaz" title="Isaz"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛁ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Ar_(rune)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ar (rune)"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛆ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Sowil%C5%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="Sowilō"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛌ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px">᛬</td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Tiwaz_(rune)" title="Tiwaz (rune)"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛐ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Berkanan" title="Berkanan"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛓ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Mannaz" title="Mannaz"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛙ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Laguz" title="Laguz"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛚ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Algiz" title="Algiz"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛧ</span></a></td> </tr> <tr style="line-height: 1em; vertical-align: top"> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/F" title="F">f</a></b><br /></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/U" title="U">u</a></b><br /><a href="/wiki/Close_front_rounded_vowel" title="Close front rounded vowel">y</a>/<a href="/wiki/%C3%96" title="Ö">ö</a><br /><a href="/wiki/O" title="O">o</a><br /><a href="/wiki/V" title="V">v</a>/<a href="/wiki/W" title="W">w</a></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/%C3%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="Þ">þ</a></b><br /><a href="/wiki/%C3%90" class="mw-redirect" title="Ð">ð</a></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/Nasal_vowel" title="Nasal vowel">ą</a></b><br /><a href="/wiki/Close-mid_back_rounded_vowel" title="Close-mid back rounded vowel">o</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Open-mid_back_rounded_vowel" title="Open-mid back rounded vowel">å</a>/<a href="/wiki/Open_back_rounded_vowel" title="Open back rounded vowel">ǫ</a></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/R" title="R">r</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/K" title="K">k</a></b><br /><a href="/wiki/G" title="G">g</a><br /><a href="/wiki/%C5%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="Ŋ">ŋ</a></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/H" title="H">h</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/N" title="N">n</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/I" title="I">i</a></b><br /><a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_approximant" title="Voiced palatal approximant">j</a><br /><a href="/wiki/E" title="E">e</a></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/Open_central_unrounded_vowel" title="Open central unrounded vowel">a</a></b><br /><a href="/wiki/Open-mid_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Open-mid front unrounded vowel">ä</a></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/S" title="S">s</a></b><br /><a href="/wiki/Z" title="Z">z</a></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/T" title="T">t</a></b><br /><a href="/wiki/D" title="D">d</a></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/B" title="B">b</a></b><br /><a href="/wiki/P" title="P">p</a></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/M" title="M">m</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/L" title="L">l</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b>ʀ</b></small></td> </tr> </tbody></table></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Younger_Futhark" title="Younger Futhark">Later Younger Futhark</a><br />Stung Fuþark<br />(ca. <a href="/wiki/11th_century" title="11th century">11th c.</a> to <a href="/wiki/13th_century" title="13th century">13th c.</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0.5em 0;"><table cellspacing="0" class="IPA" style="text-align: center"> <tbody><tr style="line-height: 1.75em; vertical-align: top"> <td style="width: 5.85em; text-align:left"><i>Regular</i></td> <td style="width: 1.85em">–</td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Fehu" title="Fehu"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᚠ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Ur_(rune)" title="Ur (rune)"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᚢ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Thurisaz" title="Thurisaz"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᚦ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Ansuz_(rune)" title="Ansuz (rune)"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᚬ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Raido" title="Raido"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᚱ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᚴ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px">᛬</td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Haglaz" title="Haglaz"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᚼ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Naudiz" title="Naudiz"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᚾ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Isaz" title="Isaz"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛁ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Ar_(rune)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ar (rune)"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛅ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Sowil%C5%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="Sowilō"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛋ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px">᛬</td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Tiwaz_(rune)" title="Tiwaz (rune)"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛐ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Berkanan" title="Berkanan"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛒ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Mannaz" title="Mannaz"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛘ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Laguz" title="Laguz"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛚ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Algiz" title="Algiz"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛦ</span></a></td> </tr> <tr style="line-height: 1em; vertical-align: top"> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/F" title="F">f</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/U" title="U">u</a></b><br /><a href="/wiki/O" title="O">o</a><br /><a href="/wiki/W" title="W">w</a></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/%C3%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="Þ">þ</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/Close-mid_back_rounded_vowel" title="Close-mid back rounded vowel">o</a></b><br /><a href="/wiki/Open-mid_back_rounded_vowel" title="Open-mid back rounded vowel">å</a>/<a href="/wiki/Open_back_rounded_vowel" title="Open back rounded vowel">ǫ</a></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/R" title="R">r</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/K" title="K">k</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/H" title="H">h</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/N" title="N">n</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/I" title="I">i</a></b><br /><a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_approximant" title="Voiced palatal approximant">j</a></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/Open_central_unrounded_vowel" title="Open central unrounded vowel">a</a></b><br /><a href="/wiki/Open-mid_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Open-mid front unrounded vowel">ä</a></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/S" title="S">s</a></b><br /><a href="/wiki/Z" title="Z">z</a></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/T" title="T">t</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/B" title="B">b</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/M" title="M">m</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/L" title="L">l</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/Close_front_rounded_vowel" title="Close front rounded vowel">y</a></b><br />ʀ</small></td> </tr> <tr style="line-height: 1.75em; vertical-align: top; padding-top: 2.5em"> <td style="width: 5.85em; text-align:left"><i>Stung</i></td> <td style="width: 1.85em">–</td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Fehu" title="Fehu"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᚡ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Ur_(rune)" title="Ur (rune)"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᚤ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Thurisaz" title="Thurisaz"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᚧ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᚵ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Naudiz" title="Naudiz"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛀ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Isaz" title="Isaz"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛂ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Tiwaz_(rune)" title="Tiwaz (rune)"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛑ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Berkanan" title="Berkanan"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛔ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Laguz" title="Laguz"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛛ</span></a></td> </tr> <tr style="line-height: 1em; vertical-align: top"> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/V" title="V">v</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/Close_front_rounded_vowel" title="Close front rounded vowel">y</a></b><br /><a href="/wiki/%C3%96" title="Ö">ö</a></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/%C3%90" class="mw-redirect" title="Ð">ð</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/G" title="G">g</a></b><br /><a href="/wiki/%C5%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="Ŋ">ŋ</a></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/Voiced_uvular_nasal" title="Voiced uvular nasal">ɴ</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/E" title="E">e</a></b><br /><a href="/wiki/Open-mid_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Open-mid front unrounded vowel">ä</a></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/D" title="D">d</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/P" title="P">p</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_lateral_approximant" title="Voiced velar lateral approximant">ʟ</a></b></small></td> </tr> </tbody></table></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Medieval_runes" title="Medieval runes">Medieval runes</a><br />Medieval Fuþark<br />(ca. <a href="/wiki/13th_century" title="13th century">13th c.</a> to <a href="/wiki/18th_century" title="18th century">18th c.</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0.5em 0;"><table cellspacing="0" class="IPA" style="text-align: center"> <tbody><tr style="line-height: 1.75em; vertical-align: top"> <td style="width: 5.85em; text-align:left"><i>1st types</i></td> <td style="width: 1.85em">–</td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Fehu" title="Fehu"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᚠ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Ur_(rune)" title="Ur (rune)"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᚢ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Thurisaz" title="Thurisaz"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᚦ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Ansuz_(rune)" title="Ansuz (rune)"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᚮ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Raido" title="Raido"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᚱ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᚴ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px">᛬</td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Haglaz" title="Haglaz"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᚼ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Naudiz" title="Naudiz"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᚿ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Isaz" title="Isaz"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛁ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Ar_(rune)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ar (rune)"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛆ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Sowil%C5%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="Sowilō"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛋ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px">᛬</td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Tiwaz_(rune)" title="Tiwaz (rune)"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛐ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Berkanan" title="Berkanan"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛒ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Mannaz" title="Mannaz"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛘ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Laguz" title="Laguz"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛚ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Algiz" title="Algiz"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛦ</span></a></td> </tr> <tr style="line-height: 1em; vertical-align: top"> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/F" title="F">f</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/U" title="U">u</a></b><br /><a href="/wiki/W" title="W">w</a></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/%C3%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="Þ">þ</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/O" title="O">o</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/R" title="R">r</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/K" title="K">k</a></b><br /><a href="/wiki/Q" title="Q">q</a></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/H" title="H">h</a></b><br /><a href="/wiki/X" title="X">x</a></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/N" title="N">n</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/I" title="I">i</a></b><br /><a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_approximant" title="Voiced palatal approximant">j</a></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/Open_central_unrounded_vowel" title="Open central unrounded vowel">a</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/S" title="S">s</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/T" title="T">t</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/B" title="B">b</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/M" title="M">m</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/L" title="L">l</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/Close_front_rounded_vowel" title="Close front rounded vowel">y</a></b></small></td> </tr> <tr style="line-height: 1.75em; vertical-align: top"> <td style="width: 5.85em; text-align:left"><i>2nd types</i></td> <td style="width: 1.85em">–</td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Fehu" title="Fehu"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᚡ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Ur_(rune)" title="Ur (rune)"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᚤ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Thurisaz" title="Thurisaz"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᚧ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Ansuz_(rune)" title="Ansuz (rune)"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᚰ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᚵ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Naudiz" title="Naudiz"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᚾ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Isaz" title="Isaz"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛂ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Ar_(rune)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ar (rune)"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛅ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Sowil%C5%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="Sowilō"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛍ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Tiwaz_(rune)" title="Tiwaz (rune)"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛑ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Berkanan" title="Berkanan"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛔ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Laguz" title="Laguz"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛛ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Algiz" title="Algiz"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛨ</span></a></td> </tr> <tr style="line-height: 1em; vertical-align: top"> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/V" title="V">v</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/Close_front_rounded_vowel" title="Close front rounded vowel">y</a></b><br /><a href="/wiki/V" title="V">v</a></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/%C3%90" class="mw-redirect" title="Ð">ð</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/%C7%AA" title="Ǫ">ǫ</a></b><br /><a href="/wiki/%C3%85" title="Å">å</a></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/G" title="G">g</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/N" title="N">n</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/E" title="E">e</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/Open-mid_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Open-mid front unrounded vowel">ä</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/C" title="C">c</a></b><br /><a href="/wiki/Z" title="Z">z</a></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/D" title="D">d</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/P" title="P">p</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_lateral_approximant" title="Voiced velar lateral approximant">ʟ</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/Y" title="Y">y</a></b></small></td> </tr> <tr style="line-height: 1.75em; vertical-align: top"> <td style="width: 5.85em; text-align:left"><i>3rd types</i></td> <td style="width: 1.85em">–</td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Ansuz_(rune)" title="Ansuz (rune)"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᚯ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᚶ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Naudiz" title="Naudiz"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛀ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Sowil%C5%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="Sowilō"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛎ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Plastur_(rune)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Plastur (rune) (page does not exist)"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛕ</span></a></td> </tr> <tr style="line-height: 1em; vertical-align: top"> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/%C3%96" title="Ö">ö</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_nasal" title="Voiced velar nasal">ng</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/Voiced_uvular_nasal" title="Voiced uvular nasal">ɴ</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/Z" title="Z">z</a></b><br /><a href="/wiki/C" title="C">c</a></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/%E1%B4%98" class="mw-redirect" title="ᴘ">ᴘ</a></b></small></td> </tr> <tr style="line-height: 1.75em; vertical-align: top"> <td style="width: 5.85em; text-align:left"><i>4th types</i></td> <td style="width: 1.85em">–</td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Sowil%C5%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="Sowilō"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛪ</span></a></td> </tr> <tr style="line-height: 1em; vertical-align: top"> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/X" title="X">x</a></b></small></td> </tr> <tr style="line-height: 1.75em; vertical-align: top"> <td style="width: 5.85em; text-align:left"><small><i>Alphabetical<br />amalgamation</i></small></td> <td style="width: 1.85em">–</td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Ar_(rune)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ar (rune)"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛆ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Berkanan" title="Berkanan"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛒ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Sowil%C5%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="Sowilō"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛍ</span></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Sowil%C5%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="Sowilō"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛎ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Tiwaz_(rune)" title="Tiwaz (rune)"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛑ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Thurisaz" title="Thurisaz"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᚧ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Isaz" title="Isaz"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛂ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Fehu" title="Fehu"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᚠ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᚵ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᚶ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Haglaz" title="Haglaz"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᚼ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Isaz" title="Isaz"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛁ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Isaz" title="Isaz"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛁ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᚴ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Laguz" title="Laguz"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛚ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Laguz" title="Laguz"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛛ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Mannaz" title="Mannaz"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛘ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Naudiz" title="Naudiz"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᚿ</span></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Naudiz" title="Naudiz"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᚾ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Naudiz" title="Naudiz"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛀ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Ansuz_(rune)" title="Ansuz (rune)"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᚮ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Ansuz_(rune)" title="Ansuz (rune)"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᚰ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Berkanan" title="Berkanan"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛔ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Plastur_(rune)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Plastur (rune) (page does not exist)"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛕ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᚴ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Raido" title="Raido"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᚱ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Sowil%C5%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="Sowilō"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛋ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Tiwaz_(rune)" title="Tiwaz (rune)"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛐ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Thurisaz" title="Thurisaz"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᚦ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Ur_(rune)" title="Ur (rune)"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᚢ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Fehu" title="Fehu"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᚡ</span></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Ur_(rune)" title="Ur (rune)"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᚤ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Ur_(rune)" title="Ur (rune)"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᚢ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 1.85em; font-size: 20px"><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᚴ</span></a><a href="/wiki/Sowil%C5%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="Sowilō"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛋ</span></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Sowil%C5%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="Sowilō"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛪ</span></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Haglaz" title="Haglaz"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᚼ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Ur_(rune)" title="Ur (rune)"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᚤ</span></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Algiz" title="Algiz"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛦ</span></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Algiz" title="Algiz"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛨ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Sowil%C5%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="Sowilō"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛎ</span></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Sowil%C5%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="Sowilō"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛍ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Ansuz_(rune)" title="Ansuz (rune)"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᚰ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Ar_(rune)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ar (rune)"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛅ</span></a></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><a href="/wiki/Ansuz_(rune)" title="Ansuz (rune)"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᚯ</span></a></td> </tr> <tr style="line-height: 1em; vertical-align: top"> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/Open_central_unrounded_vowel" title="Open central unrounded vowel">a</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/B" title="B">b</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/C" title="C">c</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/D" title="D">d</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/%C3%90" class="mw-redirect" title="Ð">ð</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/E" title="E">e</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/F" title="F">f</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/G" title="G">g</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/%C5%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="Ŋ">ŋ</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/H" title="H">h</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/I" title="I">i</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_approximant" title="Voiced palatal approximant">j</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/K" title="K">k</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/L" title="L">l</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_lateral_approximant" title="Voiced velar lateral approximant">ʟ</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/M" title="M">m</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/N" title="N">n</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/Voiced_uvular_nasal" title="Voiced uvular nasal">ɴ</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/O" title="O">o</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/%C7%AA" title="Ǫ">ǫ</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/P" title="P">p</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/%E1%B4%98" class="mw-redirect" title="ᴘ">ᴘ</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/Q" title="Q">q</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/R" title="R">r</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/S" title="S">s</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/T" title="T">t</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/%C3%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="Þ">þ</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/U" title="U">u</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/V" title="V">v</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/W" title="W">w</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/X" title="X">x</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/Close_front_rounded_vowel" title="Close front rounded vowel">y</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/Z" title="Z">z</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/%C3%85" title="Å">å</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/Open-mid_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Open-mid front unrounded vowel">ä</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/%C3%96" title="Ö">ö</a></b></small></td> </tr> </tbody></table></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dalecarlian_runes" title="Dalecarlian runes">Dalecarlian runes</a><br />Dalecarlian alphabet<br />(ca. <a href="/wiki/16th_century" title="16th century">16th c.</a> to <a href="/wiki/19th_century" title="19th century">19th c.</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0.5em 0;"><table cellspacing="0" class="IPA" style="text-align: center"> <tbody><tr style="line-height: 1.75em; vertical-align: top"> <td style="width: 5.85em; text-align:left"><small><i>Alphabetical<br />(incomplete)</i></small></td> <td style="width: 1.85em">–</td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛅ</span></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛒ</span></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛋ</span></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᚦ</span></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛆ</span></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᚠ</span></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style=""></span></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᚼ</span></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛁ</span></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᚴ</span></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛚ</span></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛘ</span></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᚿ</span></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛰ</span></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px">𐋐</td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛩ</span></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᚱ</span></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛌ</span></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛐ</span></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᚢ</span></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛋᛌ</span></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛠ</span></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style=""></span></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px">Å</td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᚯ</span></td> <td style="width: 0.85em; font-size: 20px"><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᛦ</span></td> </tr> <tr style="line-height: 1em; vertical-align: top"> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/A" title="A">a</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/B" title="B">b</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/C" title="C">c</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/D" title="D">d</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/E" title="E">e</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/F" title="F">f</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/G" title="G">g</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/H" title="H">h</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/I" title="I">i</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/K" title="K">k</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/L" title="L">l</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/M" title="M">m</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/N" title="N">n</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/O" title="O">o</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/P" title="P">p</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/Q" title="Q">q</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/R" title="R">r</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/S" title="S">s</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/T" title="T">t</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/U" title="U">u</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/X" title="X">x</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/Close_front_rounded_vowel" title="Close front rounded vowel">y</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/Z" title="Z">z</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/%C3%85" title="Å">å</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/%C3%84" title="Ä">ä</a></b></small></td> <td style="width: 0.85em"><small><b><a href="/wiki/%C3%96" title="Ö">ö</a></b></small></td> </tr> </tbody></table></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <dl><dt><span class="nobold">See also</span></dt> <dd><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://app.raa.se/open/runor/search">Runic inscriptions interactive map</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Runic_inscriptions" title="Runic inscriptions">Runic inscriptions</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Rune_Poems" class="mw-redirect" title="Rune Poems">Rune Poems</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Runestone" title="Runestone">Runestones</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Runic_magic" title="Runic magic">Runic magic</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Modern_runic_writing" title="Modern runic writing">Modern runic writing</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Pseudo-runes" title="Pseudo-runes">Pseudo-runes</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Staveless_runes" title="Staveless runes">Staveless runes</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p><br /> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1271159938">.mw-parser-output .asbox{position:relative;overflow:hidden}.mw-parser-output .asbox table{background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .asbox p{margin:0}.mw-parser-output .asbox p+p{margin-top:0.25em}.mw-parser-output .asbox-body{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output .asbox-note{font-size:smaller}.mw-parser-output .asbox .navbar{position:absolute;top:-0.75em;right:1em;display:none}.mw-parser-output :not(p):not(.asbox)+style+.asbox,.mw-parser-output :not(p):not(.asbox)+link+.asbox{margin-top:3em}</style><div role="note" class="metadata plainlinks asbox stub"><table role="presentation"><tbody><tr class="noresize"><td><span typeof="mw:File"><a 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