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class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">19. storočie</span></h1> <div class="tagline"> storočie </div> </div> <nav class="page-actions-menu"> <ul id="p-views" class="page-actions-menu__list"> <li id="language-selector" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"><a role="button" href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/19._storo%C4%8Die?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#p-lang" data-mw="interface" data-event-name="menu.languages" title="Jazyk" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet language-selector"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--language"></span> <span>Jazyk</span> </a></li> <li id="page-actions-watch" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"><a role="button" id="ca-watch" 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minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>Upraviť</span> </a></li> </ul> </nav> <div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="content"> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"> <script>function mfTempOpenSection(id){var block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script> <div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="sk" dir="ltr"> <section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> <p><b>19. storočie</b> bolo <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Storo%C4%8Die?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Storočie">storočie</a>, ktoré trvalo od <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1._janu%C3%A1r?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1. január">1. januára</a> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1801?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1801">1801</a> do <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/31._december?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="31. december">31. decembra</a> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1900?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1900">1900</a>. 19. storočie bolo deviatym storočím <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2._tis%C3%ADcro%C4%8Die?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2. tisícročie">2. tisícročia</a>.</p> <table class="infobox"> <tbody> <tr> <td align="right"><small><b><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tis%C3%ADcro%C4%8Die?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tisícročie">Tisícročia</a>:</b></small></td> <td align="center"> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1._tis%C3%ADcro%C4%8Die?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1. tisícročie">1. tisícročie</a> – <b><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2._tis%C3%ADcro%C4%8Die?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2. tisícročie">2. tisícročie</a></b> – <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/3._tis%C3%ADcro%C4%8Die?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="3. tisícročie">3. tisícročie</a> </td> </tr> <tr style="background-color:#f0f0f0"> <td align="right"><small><b><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Storo%C4%8Die?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Storočie">Storočia</a>:</b></small></td> <td align="center"> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/18._storo%C4%8Die?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="18. storočie">18. storočie</a> – <b>19. storočie</b> – <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/20._storo%C4%8Die?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="20. storočie">20. storočie</a> </td> </tr> <tr> <td align="right"><small><b><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Desa%C5%A5ro%C4%8Die?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Desaťročie">Desaťročia</a>:</b></small></td> <td align="center"> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/0._roky_19._storo%C4%8Dia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="0. roky 19. storočia">0.</a> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/10._roky_19._storo%C4%8Dia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="10. roky 19. storočia">10.</a> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/20._roky_19._storo%C4%8Dia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="20. roky 19. storočia">20.</a> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/30._roky_19._storo%C4%8Dia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="30. roky 19. storočia">30.</a> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/40._roky_19._storo%C4%8Dia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="40. roky 19. storočia">40.</a> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/50._roky_19._storo%C4%8Dia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="50. roky 19. storočia">50.</a> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/60._roky_19._storo%C4%8Dia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="60. roky 19. storočia">60.</a> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/70._roky_19._storo%C4%8Dia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="70. roky 19. storočia">70.</a> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/80._roky_19._storo%C4%8Dia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="80. roky 19. storočia">80.</a> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/90._roky_19._storo%C4%8Dia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="90. roky 19. storočia">90.</a> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p>19. storočie zaznamenalo veľké množstvo spoločenských zmien; <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Otrok%C3%A1rstvo_(vyu%C5%BE%C3%ADvanie_otrokov)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Otrokárstvo (využívanie otrokov)">otroctvo</a> bolo <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Abolicionizmus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Abolicionizmus">zrušené</a> a <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Priemyseln%C3%A1_revol%C3%BAcia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Priemyselná revolúcia">prvá</a> a <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Druh%C3%A1_priemyseln%C3%A1_revol%C3%BAcia&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Druhá priemyselná revolúcia (stránka neexistuje)">druhá priemyselná revolúcia</a> (ktoré sa tiež prekrývajú s <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/18._storo%C4%8Die?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="18. storočie">18.</a> a <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/20._storo%C4%8Die?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="20. storočie">20. storočím</a>) viedli k masívnej <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Urbaniz%C3%A1cia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Urbanizácia">urbanizácii</a> a oveľa vyššej úrovni produktivity, zisku a prosperity. Islamské zbrane strelného prachu boli formálne rozpustené a európsky <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Imperializmus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Imperializmus">imperializmus</a> priniesol veľkú časť <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ju%C5%BEn%C3%A1_%C3%81zia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Južná Ázia">južnej Ázie</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Juhov%C3%BDchodn%C3%A1_%C3%81zia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Juhovýchodná Ázia">juhovýchodnej Ázie</a> a takmer celej <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Afrika?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Afrika">Afriky</a> pod <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kolonializmus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kolonializmus">koloniálnu vládu</a>.</p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/S%C3%BAbor:Antoine-Jean_Gros_-_Capitulation_de_Madrid,_le_4_d%C3%A9cembre_1808.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Antoine-Jean_Gros_-_Capitulation_de_Madrid%2C_le_4_d%C3%A9cembre_1808.jpg/220px-Antoine-Jean_Gros_-_Capitulation_de_Madrid%2C_le_4_d%C3%A9cembre_1808.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Antoine-Jean_Gros_-_Capitulation_de_Madrid%252C_le_4_d%25C3%25A9cembre_1808.jpg/330px-Antoine-Jean_Gros_-_Capitulation_de_Madrid%252C_le_4_d%25C3%25A9cembre_1808.jpg 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Antoine-Jean_Gros_-_Capitulation_de_Madrid%252C_le_4_d%25C3%25A9cembre_1808.jpg/440px-Antoine-Jean_Gros_-_Capitulation_de_Madrid%252C_le_4_d%25C3%25A9cembre_1808.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4200" data-file-height="3058"></a> <figcaption> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Napoleon_Bonaparte?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Napoleon Bonaparte">Napoleon</a> vstupuje do hlavného mesta Španielska počas <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C5%A0panielska_vojna_za_nez%C3%A1vislos%C5%A5?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Španielska vojna za nezávislosť">španielskej vojny za nezávislosť</a> v roku 1810 </figcaption> </figure> <p>Bolo poznačené kolapsom <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C5%A0panielske_imp%C3%A9rium?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Španielske impérium">španielskeho impéria</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zulusk%C3%BD_%C5%A1t%C3%A1t?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Zuluský štát">zuluského štátu</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Prv%C3%A9_franc%C3%BAzske_cis%C3%A1rstvo&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Prvé francúzske cisárstvo (stránka neexistuje)">prvého francúzskeho cisárstva</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/R%C3%ADmsko-nemeck%C3%A1_r%C3%AD%C5%A1a?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rímsko-nemecká ríša">svätej rímskej ríše</a> a <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mughali?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mughali">Mughalskej ríše</a>. Toto vydláždilo cestu pre rastúci vplyv <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Britsk%C3%A9_imp%C3%A9rium?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Britské impérium">Britského impéria</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusk%C3%A1_r%C3%AD%C5%A1a?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ruská ríša">Ruskej ríše</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Spojen%C3%A9_%C5%A1t%C3%A1ty?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spojené štáty">Spojených štátov</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nemeck%C3%A9_cis%C3%A1rstvo_(1871_%E2%80%93_1918)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nemecké cisárstvo (1871 – 1918)">Nemeckého cisárstva</a> (v podstate nahradilo Svätú rímsku ríšu), <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Druh%C3%A9_franc%C3%BAzske_cis%C3%A1rstvo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Druhé francúzske cisárstvo">druhého francúzskeho cisárstva</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Talianske_kr%C3%A1%C4%BEovstvo_(1861_%E2%80%93_1946)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Talianske kráľovstvo (1861 – 1946)">Talianskeho kráľovstva</a> a <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Japonsk%C3%A9_cis%C3%A1rstvo_(1868_%E2%80%93_1945)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Japonské cisárstvo (1868 – 1945)">Japonského cisárstva</a>. Po porážke <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Prv%C3%A9_franc%C3%BAzske_cis%C3%A1rstvo&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Prvé francúzske cisárstvo (stránka neexistuje)">Francúzskeho cisárstva</a> a jej <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Fateh_Al%C3%AD_Tip%C3%BA&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Fateh Alí Tipú (stránka neexistuje)">indických spojencov</a> v <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Napoleonsk%C3%A9_vojny?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Napoleonské vojny">napoleonských vojnách</a> sa britská a ruská ríša výrazne rozšírili a stali sa poprednými svetovými mocnosťami. Ruská ríša sa rozšírila na Kaukaz a do strednej a ďalekej východnej Ázii.</p> <p>Britské impérium rástlo rýchlo v prvej polovici storočia, najmä s rozširovaním rozsiahlych území v Kanade, Austrálii, Južnej Afrike a silne osídlenej Indii a v posledných dvoch desaťročiach storočia v Afrike. Do konca storočia ovládalo Britské impérium pätinu svetovej pôdy a jednu štvrtinu svetovej populácie. Počas post-napoleonského obdobia sa presadilo to, čo sa stalo známym ako <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Pax_Britannica&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Pax Britannica (stránka neexistuje)">Pax Britannica</a>, ktoré vo veľkom rozsahu vyvolalo bezprecedentnú <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Globaliz%C3%A1cia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Globalizácia">globalizáciu</a> a hospodársku integráciu.</p> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"> <input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"> <div class="toctitle" lang="sk" dir="ltr"> <h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Obsah</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span> </div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/19._storo%C4%8Die?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Celkovo"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Celkovo</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/19._storo%C4%8Die?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%C3%89ry"><span class="tocnumber">1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Éry</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/19._storo%C4%8Die?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Vojny"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Vojny</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/19._storo%C4%8Die?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Napoleonsk%C3%A9_vojny"><span class="tocnumber">2.1</span> <span class="toctext">Napoleonské vojny</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/19._storo%C4%8Die?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Nez%C3%A1vislos%C5%A5_Latinskej_Ameriky"><span class="tocnumber">2.2</span> <span class="toctext">Nezávislosť Latinskej Ameriky</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/19._storo%C4%8Die?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Revol%C3%BAcie_v_roku_1848"><span class="tocnumber">2.3</span> <span class="toctext">Revolúcie v roku 1848</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/19._storo%C4%8Die?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Zru%C5%A1enie_otroctva_a_americk%C3%A1_ob%C4%8Dianska_vojna"><span class="tocnumber">2.4</span> <span class="toctext">Zrušenie otroctva a americká občianska vojna</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/19._storo%C4%8Die?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%C3%9Apadok_Osmanskej_r%C3%AD%C5%A1e"><span class="tocnumber">2.5</span> <span class="toctext">Úpadok Osmanskej ríše</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/19._storo%C4%8Die?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%C4%8C%C3%ADna:_Povstanie_tchaj-pchingov"><span class="tocnumber">2.6</span> <span class="toctext">Čína: Povstanie tchaj-pchingov</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/19._storo%C4%8Die?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Japonsko:_Obnova_Meid%C5%BEi"><span class="tocnumber">2.7</span> <span class="toctext">Japonsko: Obnova Meidži</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-11"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/19._storo%C4%8Die?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Kolonializmus"><span class="tocnumber">2.8</span> <span class="toctext">Kolonializmus</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-12"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/19._storo%C4%8Die?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Afrika"><span class="tocnumber">2.8.1</span> <span class="toctext">Afrika</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-13"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/19._storo%C4%8Die?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#In%C3%A9_vojny"><span class="tocnumber">2.9</span> <span class="toctext">Iné vojny</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-14"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/19._storo%C4%8Die?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Veda_a_technol%C3%B3gia"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Veda a technológia</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-15"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/19._storo%C4%8Die?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Medic%C3%ADna"><span class="tocnumber">3.1</span> <span class="toctext">Medicína</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-16"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/19._storo%C4%8Die?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Vyn%C3%A1lezy"><span class="tocnumber">3.2</span> <span class="toctext">Vynálezy</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-17"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/19._storo%C4%8Die?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#N%C3%A1bo%C5%BEenstvo"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Náboženstvo</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-18"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/19._storo%C4%8Die?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Kult%C3%BAra"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Kultúra</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-19"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/19._storo%C4%8Die?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Literat%C3%BAra"><span class="tocnumber">5.1</span> <span class="toctext">Literatúra</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-20"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/19._storo%C4%8Die?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Fotografovanie"><span class="tocnumber">5.2</span> <span class="toctext">Fotografovanie</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-21"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/19._storo%C4%8Die?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Vizu%C3%A1lni_umelci,_maliari,_soch%C3%A1ri"><span class="tocnumber">5.3</span> <span class="toctext">Vizuálni umelci, maliari, sochári</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-22"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/19._storo%C4%8Die?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Hudba"><span class="tocnumber">5.4</span> <span class="toctext">Hudba</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-23"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/19._storo%C4%8Die?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%C5%A0port"><span class="tocnumber">5.5</span> <span class="toctext">Šport</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-24"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/19._storo%C4%8Die?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Udalosti"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Udalosti</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-25"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/19._storo%C4%8Die?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#1801_%E2%80%93_1850"><span class="tocnumber">6.1</span> <span class="toctext">1801 – 1850</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-26"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/19._storo%C4%8Die?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Referencie"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">Referencie</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-27"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/19._storo%C4%8Die?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Zdroj"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">Zdroj</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Celkovo">Celkovo</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=19._storo%C4%8Die&action=edit&section=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Upraviť sekciu: Celkovo" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>upraviť</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <p>Prvá <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Elektronika?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Elektronika">elektronika</a> sa objavila v 19. storočí so zavedením <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rel%C3%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Relé">elektrického relé</a> v roku 1835, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Telegraf?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Telegraf">telegrafu</a> a jeho protokolu <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Medzin%C3%A1rodn%C3%A1_Morseova_abeceda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Medzinárodná Morseova abeceda">Morseovej abecedy</a> v roku 1837, prvého telefonátu v roku 1876<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/19._storo%C4%8Die?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a prvej funkčnej <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C5%BDiarovka?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Žiarovka">žiarovky</a> v roku 1878.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/19._storo%C4%8Die?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/S%C3%BAbor:Jacques-Louis_David_-_The_Emperor_Napoleon_in_His_Study_at_the_Tuileries_-_Google_Art_Project_2.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Jacques-Louis_David_-_The_Emperor_Napoleon_in_His_Study_at_the_Tuileries_-_Google_Art_Project_2.jpg/220px-Jacques-Louis_David_-_The_Emperor_Napoleon_in_His_Study_at_the_Tuileries_-_Google_Art_Project_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="366" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3076" data-file-height="5117"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 366px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Jacques-Louis_David_-_The_Emperor_Napoleon_in_His_Study_at_the_Tuileries_-_Google_Art_Project_2.jpg/220px-Jacques-Louis_David_-_The_Emperor_Napoleon_in_His_Study_at_the_Tuileries_-_Google_Art_Project_2.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="366" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Jacques-Louis_David_-_The_Emperor_Napoleon_in_His_Study_at_the_Tuileries_-_Google_Art_Project_2.jpg/330px-Jacques-Louis_David_-_The_Emperor_Napoleon_in_His_Study_at_the_Tuileries_-_Google_Art_Project_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Jacques-Louis_David_-_The_Emperor_Napoleon_in_His_Study_at_the_Tuileries_-_Google_Art_Project_2.jpg/440px-Jacques-Louis_David_-_The_Emperor_Napoleon_in_His_Study_at_the_Tuileries_-_Google_Art_Project_2.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Napoleon_Bonaparte?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Napoleon Bonaparte">Napoleon Bonaparte</a> </figcaption> </figure> <p>19. storočie bolo obdobím rýchleho zrýchľovania <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Objav?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Objav">vedeckých objavov</a> a <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vyn%C3%A1lez?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vynález">vynálezov</a> s výrazným vývojom v oblastiach matematiky, fyziky, chémie, biológie, elektriny a metalurgie, ktoré položili základy technologickému pokroku 20. storočia.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/19._storo%C4%8Die?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Priemyseln%C3%A1_revol%C3%BAcia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Priemyselná revolúcia">Priemyselná revolúcia</a> sa začala vo Veľkej Británii a rozšírila sa do kontinentálnej Európy, Severnej Ameriky a Japonska.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/19._storo%C4%8Die?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Japonsko sa pustilo do programu rýchlej modernizácie po <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Meid%C5%BEi_i%C5%A1in?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Meidži išin">Meidži íšin</a> a potom porazilo Čínu počas <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C4%8Cching?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Čching">dynastie Čching</a> v <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Prv%C3%A1_%C4%8D%C3%ADnsko-japonsk%C3%A1_vojna?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Prvá čínsko-japonská vojna">prvej čínsko-japonskej vojne</a>. <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dejiny_medic%C3%ADny?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dejiny medicíny">Pokrok v medicíne</a> a pochopenie anatómie ľudí a prevencie chorôb sa uskutočnili v 19. storočí a čiastočne zodpovedali za rýchle zrýchlenie <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Rast_popul%C3%A1cie&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Rast populácie (stránka neexistuje)">rastu populácie</a> v <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Z%C3%A1padn%C3%BD_svet&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Západný svet (stránka neexistuje)">západnom svete</a>. Počet obyvateľov Európy sa v priebehu 19. storočia zdvojnásobil, z približne 200 miliónov na viac ako 400 miliónov.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/19._storo%C4%8Die?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Zavedenie <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C5%BDeleznica?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Železnica">železníc</a> prinieslo po stáročia prvé veľké pokroky v pozemnej doprave, zmenilo spôsob, akým ľudia žili a získavali tovar, a podnietilo hlavné <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Urbaniz%C3%A1cia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Urbanizácia">urbanizačné</a> pohyby v krajinách po celom svete. Mnoho miest na celom svete v tomto storočí prekonali viac ako milión obyvateľov. Londýn sa stal <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Najv%C3%A4%C4%8D%C5%A1ie_mest%C3%A1_po%C4%8Dn%C3%BAc_hist%C3%B3riou&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Najväčšie mestá počnúc históriou (stránka neexistuje)">najväčším mestom</a> na svete a hlavným mestom Britského impéria. Jeho populácia sa zvýšila z 1 milióna v roku 1800 na 6,7 milióna o storočie neskôr. Počas tohto storočia boli preskúmané posledné zostávajúce neobjavené zemské masy Zeme, vrátane rozsiahlych oblastí vnútrozemia Afriky a Ázie. S výnimkou extrémnych zón Arktídy a Antarktídy boli presné a podrobné mapy sveta dostupné do 90. rokov 20. storočia. <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Liberalizmus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Liberalizmus">Liberalizmus</a> sa stal popredným reformným hnutím v Európe.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/19._storo%C4%8Die?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Po celom svete bolo <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Otrok%C3%A1rstvo_(vyu%C5%BE%C3%ADvanie_otrokov)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Otrokárstvo (využívanie otrokov)">otroctvo</a> veľmi obmedzené. Po úspešnej vzbure otrokov na <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haitsk%C3%A1_revol%C3%BAcia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Haitská revolúcia">Haiti</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Spojen%C3%A9_kr%C3%A1%C4%BEovstvo_Ve%C4%BEkej_Brit%C3%A1nie_a_%C3%8Drska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spojené kráľovstvo Veľkej Británie a Írska">Británia</a> a Francúzsko zintenzívnili boj proti <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Barbarsk%C3%BD_pir%C3%A1ti&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Barbarský piráti (stránka neexistuje)">barbarským pirátom</a> a podarilo sa im zastaviť zotročovanie Európanov. Zákon o zrušení otroctva vo Veľkej Británii prinútil britské <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Royal_Navy?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Royal Navy">kráľovské námorníctvo</a> ukončiť svetový obchod s <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Dejiny_otroctva&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Dejiny otroctva (stránka neexistuje)">otrokmi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/19._storo%C4%8Die?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Prvou koloniálnou ríšou v storočí, ktorá zrušila otroctvo, boli Briti, ktorí tak urobili v roku 1834. Americký 13. pozmeňujúci a doplňujúci návrh po ich <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Americk%C3%A1_ob%C4%8Dianska_vojna?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Americká občianska vojna">občianskej vojne</a> v roku 1865 zrušil otroctvo a v Brazílii bolo otroctvo zrušené v roku 1888 (pozri <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Abolicionizmus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Abolicionizmus">abolicionizmus</a>). Podobne bolo v roku 1861 v <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusk%C3%A1_r%C3%AD%C5%A1a?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ruská ríša">Rusku</a> zrušené <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Poddanstvo_(ro%C4%BEn%C3%ADci)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Poddanstvo (roľníci)">poddanstvo</a>.</p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/S%C3%BAbor:Arabslavers.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Arabslavers.jpg/220px-Arabslavers.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="556" data-file-height="378"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 150px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Arabslavers.jpg/220px-Arabslavers.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="150" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Arabslavers.jpg/330px-Arabslavers.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Arabslavers.jpg/440px-Arabslavers.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Arabsk%C3%BD_obchod_s_otrokmi&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Arabský obchod s otrokmi (stránka neexistuje)">Arabský obchod s otrokmi</a> </figcaption> </figure> <p>19. storočie bolo pozoruhodné v rozsiahlom formovaní nových sídelných základov, ktoré boli obzvlášť rozšírené v Severnej Amerike a Austrálii, pričom v určitom okamihu storočia bola významná časť najväčších miest oboch kontinentov založená. <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Chicago?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Chicago">Chicago</a> v Spojených štátoch a <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Melbourne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Melbourne">Melbourne</a> v Austrálii v prvých desaťročiach neexistovali, avšak do konca storočia sa stali druhým najväčším mestom Spojených štátov, respektíve Britskej ríše. V 19. storočí opustilo Európu približne 70 miliónov ľudí, pričom väčšina migrovala do Spojených štátov.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/19._storo%C4%8Die?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> V 19. storočí tiež došlo k rýchlemu vytvoreniu, rozvoju a kodifikácii mnohých športov, najmä v Británii a Spojených štátoch. Počas 19. storočia sa rozvíjal <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Futbal?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Futbal">futbal</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ragby?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-disambig" title="Ragby">ragby</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bejzbal?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bejzbal">baseball</a> a mnoho ďalších športov, zatiaľ čo britské impérium uľahčovalo rýchle šírenie športu, napríklad <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kriket?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kriket">kriketu</a>, do mnohých rôznych častí sveta. Dámska móda bola v tomto období veľmi citlivou témou, pretože ženy, ktoré ukazuovali svoje členky, sa považovali za škandalózne.</p> <p>19. storočie znamenalo tiež pád osmanskej vlády Balkánu, ktorá viedla k vytvoreniu <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Srbsko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Srbsko">Srbska</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bulharsko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bulharsko">Bulharska</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C4%8Cierna_Hora?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Čierna Hora">Čiernej Hory</a> a <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rumunsko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rumunsko">Rumunska</a> v dôsledku <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko-tureck%C3%A1_vojna_(1877_%E2%80%93_1878)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rusko-turecká vojna (1877 – 1878)">druhej rusko-tureckej vojny</a>, ktorá sama o sebe nasledovala po veľkej <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Krymsk%C3%A1_vojna?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Krymská vojna">krymskej vojne</a>.</p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/S%C3%BAbor:Europa_1815-pt.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Europa_1815-pt.svg/220px-Europa_1815-pt.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="224" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1340" data-file-height="1363"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 224px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Europa_1815-pt.svg/220px-Europa_1815-pt.svg.png" data-width="220" data-height="224" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Europa_1815-pt.svg/330px-Europa_1815-pt.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Europa_1815-pt.svg/440px-Europa_1815-pt.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eur%C3%B3pa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Európa">Európa</a> v roku <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1815?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1815">1815</a> </figcaption> </figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Éry"><span id=".C3.89ry"></span>Éry</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=19._storo%C4%8Die&action=edit&section=2&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Upraviť sekciu: Éry" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>upraviť</span> </a> </span> </div> <ul> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Priemyseln%C3%A1_revol%C3%BAcia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Priemyselná revolúcia">Priemyselná revolúcia</a></li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Imperializmus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Imperializmus">Európsky imperializmus</a></li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Viktori%C3%A1nska_%C3%A9ra?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Viktoriánska éra">Viktoriánska éra</a> (Spojené kráľovstvo Veľkej Británie a Írska)</li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Re%C5%A1taur%C3%A1cia_(Franc%C3%BAzsko)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Reštaurácia (Francúzsko)">Bourbonovská renovácia</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=J%C3%BAlov%C3%A1_monarchia&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Júlová monarchia (stránka neexistuje)">Júlová monarchia</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Druh%C3%A1_franc%C3%BAzska_republika&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Druhá francúzska republika (stránka neexistuje)">druhá francúzska republika</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Druh%C3%A9_franc%C3%BAzske_cis%C3%A1rstvo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Druhé francúzske cisárstvo">druhé francúzske cisárstvo</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tretia_franc%C3%BAzska_republika?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tretia francúzska republika">tretia francúzska republika</a> (Francúzsko)</li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Belle_%C3%89poque?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Belle Époque">Belle Époque</a> (Európa)</li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Obdobie_Edo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Obdobie Edo">Obdobie Edo</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Obdobie_Meid%C5%BEi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Obdobie Meidži">obdobie Meidži</a> (Japonsko)</li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C4%8Cching?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Čching">Dynastia Čching</a> (Čína)</li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Dynastia_%C4%8Coson&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Dynastia Čoson (stránka neexistuje)">Dynastia Čoson</a> (Kórea)</li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zulusk%C3%BD_%C5%A1t%C3%A1t?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Zuluský štát">Zuluský štát</a> (Juhoafrická republika)</li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tanzimat?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tanzimat">Tanzimat</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Prv%C3%A1_%C3%BAstavn%C3%A1_%C3%A9ra&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Prvá ústavná éra (stránka neexistuje)">prvá ústavná éra</a> (<a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Osmansk%C3%A1_r%C3%AD%C5%A1a?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Osmanská ríša">Osmanská ríša</a>)</li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusk%C3%A1_r%C3%AD%C5%A1a?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ruská ríša">Ruská ríša</a></li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pozl%C3%A1ten%C3%BD_vek?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pozlátený vek">Pozlátený vek</a> (Spojené štáty)</li> </ul> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Vojny">Vojny</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=19._storo%C4%8Die&action=edit&section=3&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Upraviť sekciu: Vojny" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>upraviť</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Napoleonské_vojny"><span id="Napoleonsk.C3.A9_vojny"></span>Napoleonské vojny</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=19._storo%C4%8Die&action=edit&section=4&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Upraviť sekciu: Napoleonské vojny" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>upraviť</span> </a> </span> </div> <dl> <dd> <div class="noprint"> <i>Bližšie informácie v hlavnom článku: <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Napoleonsk%C3%A9_vojny?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Napoleonské vojny">Napoleonské vojny</a></i> </div> </dd> </dl> <p>Napoleonské vojny boli séria významných konfliktov od roku 1803 do roku 1815, ktoré stavali <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Prv%C3%A9_franc%C3%BAzske_cis%C3%A1rstvo&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Prvé francúzske cisárstvo (stránka neexistuje)">Francúzske cisárstvo</a> a jej spojencov pod vedením <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Napoleon_Bonaparte?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Napoleon Bonaparte">Napoleona I.</a> proti kolísajúcemu zoskúpeniu <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Koali%C4%8Dn%C3%A9_sily_napoleonsk%C3%BDch_vojen&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Koaličné sily napoleonských vojen (stránka neexistuje)">európskych mocností, ktoré sa formovali do rôznych koalícií</a>, financovaných a zvyčajne vedených <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Spojen%C3%A9_kr%C3%A1%C4%BEovstvo_Ve%C4%BEkej_Brit%C3%A1nie_a_%C3%8Drska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spojené kráľovstvo Veľkej Británie a Írska">Spojeným kráľovstvom</a>. Vojny pramenili z nevyriešených sporov spojených s <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ve%C4%BEk%C3%A1_franc%C3%BAzska_revol%C3%BAcia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Veľká francúzska revolúcia">francúzskou revolúciou</a> a jej <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Franc%C3%BAzske_revolu%C4%8Dn%C3%A9_vojny?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Francúzske revolučné vojny">výsledného konfliktu</a>.</p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/S%C3%BAbor:Napoleon_retreat_from_Russia_by_Adam.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Napoleon_retreat_from_Russia_by_Adam.jpg/220px-Napoleon_retreat_from_Russia_by_Adam.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="930" data-file-height="636"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 150px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Napoleon_retreat_from_Russia_by_Adam.jpg/220px-Napoleon_retreat_from_Russia_by_Adam.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="150" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Napoleon_retreat_from_Russia_by_Adam.jpg/330px-Napoleon_retreat_from_Russia_by_Adam.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Napoleon_retreat_from_Russia_by_Adam.jpg/440px-Napoleon_retreat_from_Russia_by_Adam.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Napoleon_Bonaparte?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Napoleon Bonaparte">Napoleonov</a> ústup z Ruska v roku 1812 </figcaption> </figure> <p>Po <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ve%C4%BEk%C3%A1_franc%C3%BAzska_revol%C3%BAcia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Veľká francúzska revolúcia">francúzskej revolúcii</a> získal <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Napoleon_Bonaparte?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Napoleon Bonaparte">Napoleon Bonaparte</a> vo Francúzsku v roku 1799 moc. V roku 1804 sa korunoval za <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Franc%C3%BAzsky_cis%C3%A1ri&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Francúzsky cisári (stránka neexistuje)">francúzskeho cisára</a>.</p> <p>V roku 1805 Francúzsko zvíťazilo nad rakúsko-ruskou armádou v <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bitka_pri_Slavkove?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bitka pri Slavkove">bitke pri Slavkove</a>, ktorá ukončila <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Vojna_tretej_koal%C3%ADcie&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Vojna tretej koalície (stránka neexistuje)">vojny tretej koalície</a>. V dôsledku <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bratislavsk%C3%BD_mier_(1805)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bratislavský mier (1805)">Bratislavského mieru</a> bola <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/R%C3%ADmsko-nemeck%C3%A1_r%C3%AD%C5%A1a?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rímsko-nemecká ríša">Svätá rímska ríša</a> zničená.</p> <p>Neskoršie úsilie bolo menej úspešné. V <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C5%A0panielska_vojna_za_nez%C3%A1vislos%C5%A5?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Španielska vojna za nezávislosť">španielskej vojne za nezávislosť</a> sa Francúzsko neúspešne pokúsilo ustanoviť <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jozef_I._Bonaparte?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jozef I. Bonaparte">Jozefa Bonaparteho</a> za španielskeho kráľa. V roku 1812 mala <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Franc%C3%BAzska_inv%C3%A1zia_do_Ruska&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Francúzska invázia do Ruska (stránka neexistuje)">francúzska invázia do Ruska</a> masívne francúzske straty a bola zlomovým bodom <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Napoleonsk%C3%A9_vojny?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Napoleonské vojny">napoleonských vojen</a>.</p> <p>V roku 1814, po porážke vo <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vojna_%C5%A1iestej_koal%C3%ADcie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vojna šiestej koalície">vojne šiestej koalície</a>, sa Napoleon vzdal a bol vyhostený na ostrov <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Elba?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Elba">Elba</a>. Neskôr toho roku utiekol do vyhnanstva a začal vládnuť <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sto_dn%C3%AD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sto dní">sto dní</a> predtým, ako bol nakoniec porazený v <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bitka_pri_Waterloo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bitka pri Waterloo">bitke pri Waterloo</a> a vyhnaný na ostrov <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sv%C3%A4t%C3%A1_Helena_(ostrov_v_Atlantiku)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Svätá Helena (ostrov v Atlantiku)">Svätá Helena</a>, čo je ostro v <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Atlantick%C3%BD_oce%C3%A1n?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Atlantický oceán">južnom Atlantickom oceáne</a>.</p> <p>Po Napoleonovej porážke sa konal <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Viedensk%C3%BD_kongres?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Viedenský kongres">Viedenský kongres</a>, ktorý mal určiť nové hranice krajín.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Nezávislosť_Latinskej_Ameriky"><span id="Nez.C3.A1vislos.C5.A5_Latinskej_Ameriky"></span>Nezávislosť Latinskej Ameriky</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=19._storo%C4%8Die&action=edit&section=5&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Upraviť sekciu: Nezávislosť Latinskej Ameriky" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>upraviť</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/S%C3%BAbor:JuraIndependencia.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/JuraIndependencia.jpg/220px-JuraIndependencia.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1077" data-file-height="709"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 145px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/JuraIndependencia.jpg/220px-JuraIndependencia.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="145" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/JuraIndependencia.jpg/330px-JuraIndependencia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/JuraIndependencia.jpg/440px-JuraIndependencia.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Deklar%C3%A1cia_nez%C3%A1vislosti_%C4%8Cile&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Deklarácia nezávislosti Čile (stránka neexistuje)">Čílske vyhlásenie nezávislosti</a> dňa 18. februára 1818 </figcaption> </figure> <p>Väčšina krajín <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Stredn%C3%A1_Amerika?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Stredná Amerika">Strednej Ameriky</a> a <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ju%C5%BEn%C3%A1_Amerika?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Južná Amerika">Južnej Ameriky</a> získala v 19. storočí nezávislosť od <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kolonializmus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kolonializmus">koloniálnych</a> vládcov. V roku 1804 získala <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haitsk%C3%A1_revol%C3%BAcia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Haitská revolúcia">Haiti</a> nezávislosť od Francúzska. V <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mexiko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mexiko">Mexiku</a> bola <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Mexick%C3%A1_vojna_za_nez%C3%A1vislos%C5%A5&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Mexická vojna za nezávislosť (stránka neexistuje)">mexická vojna za nezávislosť</a> desaťročným konfliktom, ktorý sa skončil mexickou nezávislosťou v roku 1821.</p> <p>V dôsledku napoleonských vojen sa kráľovská rodina Portugalska v rokoch 1808 – 1821 presťahovala do Brazílie, čo viedlo k tomu, že Brazília mala samostatnú monarchiu od Portugalska.</p> <p><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Stredoamerick%C3%A1_federat%C3%ADvna_republika?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Stredoamerická federatívna republika">Stredoamerická federatívna republika</a> získala nezávislosť od Španielska v roku 1821 a od Mexika v roku 1823. Po niekoľkých povstaniach sa federácia do roku 1841 rozpustila v nezávislých krajinách <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Guatemala_(%C5%A1t%C3%A1t)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Guatemala (štát)">Guatemaly</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Salv%C3%A1dor?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Salvádor">Salvádoru</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Honduras?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Honduras">Hondurasu</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nikaragua?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nikaragua">Nikaragui</a> a <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kostarika?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kostarika">Kostariky</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/19._storo%C4%8Die?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>V roku 1830 sa rozpustil post-koloniálny štát <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ve%C4%BEk%C3%A1_Kolumbia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Veľká Kolumbia">Veľká Kolumbia</a> a miesto neho vznikli štáty <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kolumbia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kolumbia">Kolumbia</a> (vrátane dnešnej <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Panama_(%C5%A1t%C3%A1t)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Panama (štát)">Panamy</a>), <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ekv%C3%A1dor?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ekvádor">Ekvádor</a> a <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Venezuela?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Venezuela">Venezuela</a>.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Revolúcie_v_roku_1848"><span id="Revol.C3.BAcie_v_roku_1848"></span>Revolúcie v roku 1848</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=19._storo%C4%8Die&action=edit&section=6&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Upraviť sekciu: Revolúcie v roku 1848" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>upraviť</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/S%C3%BAbor:La_oleada_revolucionaria_de_1848.png?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/La_oleada_revolucionaria_de_1848.png/220px-La_oleada_revolucionaria_de_1848.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="161" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="482" data-file-height="353"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 161px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/La_oleada_revolucionaria_de_1848.png/220px-La_oleada_revolucionaria_de_1848.png" data-width="220" data-height="161" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/La_oleada_revolucionaria_de_1848.png/330px-La_oleada_revolucionaria_de_1848.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/La_oleada_revolucionaria_de_1848.png/440px-La_oleada_revolucionaria_de_1848.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> Revolúcia vo Francúzsku v roku 1848. Potom sa rozšírila do väčšiny Európy. Je známa ako „<a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jar_n%C3%A1rodov?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-disambig" title="Jar národov">jar národov</a>“. </figcaption> </figure> <p><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Revol%C3%BAcie_v_rokoch_1848_%E2%80%93_1849?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Revolúcie v rokoch 1848 – 1849">Revolúcie v roku 1848</a> boli radom politických otrasov v celej <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eur%C3%B3pa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Európa">Európe</a> v roku 1848. Revolúcie mali v podstate <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Demokracia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Demokracia">demokratický</a> a liberálny charakter s cieľom odstrániť staré <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Monarchia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Monarchia">monarchické</a> štruktúry a vytvoriť nezávislé národné štáty.</p> <p>Prvá revolúcia sa začala v januári na <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sic%C3%ADlia_(ostrov)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sicília (ostrov)">Sicílii</a>. Revolúcie sa potom rozšírili po Európe po samostatnej revolúcii, ktorá sa začala vo <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Febru%C3%A1rov%C3%A1_revol%C3%BAcia_(1848)&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Februárová revolúcia (1848) (stránka neexistuje)">februári vo Francúzsku</a>. Postihnutých bolo viac ako 50 krajín, ale bez ich koordinácie alebo spolupráce medzi ich príslušnými revolucionármi.</p> <p>Podľa Evansa a von Strandmanna (2000) boli niektoré z hlavných faktorov, ktoré k nim prispeli, rozšírená nespokojnosť s politickým vedením, požiadavky na väčšiu účasť na vláde a demokracii, požiadavky na slobodu tlače, ďalšie požiadavky pracujúcej triedy, rozmach nacionalizmu a preskupenie zavedených vládnych síl.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/19._storo%C4%8Die?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Zrušenie_otroctva_a_americká_občianska_vojna"><span id="Zru.C5.A1enie_otroctva_a_americk.C3.A1_ob.C4.8Dianska_vojna"></span>Zrušenie otroctva a americká občianska vojna</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=19._storo%C4%8Die&action=edit&section=7&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Upraviť sekciu: Zrušenie otroctva a americká občianska vojna" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>upraviť</span> </a> </span> </div> <dl> <dd> <div class="noprint"> <i>Bližšie informácie v článkoch: <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Abolicionizmus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Abolicionizmus">Abolicionizmus</a> a <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Americk%C3%A1_ob%C4%8Dianska_vojna?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Americká občianska vojna">Americká občianska vojna</a></i> </div> </dd> </dl> <p><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Abolicionizmus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Abolicionizmus">Abolicionistické</a> hnutie dosiahlo úspech v 19. storočí. <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Atlantick%C3%BD_obchod_s_otrokmi&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Atlantický obchod s otrokmi (stránka neexistuje)">Obchod s otrokmi privezených cez Atlantik</a> bol zrušený v roku 1808 a do konca storočia takmer každá vláda zakázala otroctvo. <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Z%C3%A1kon_o_zru%C5%A1en%C3%AD_otroctva_z_roku_1833&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Zákon o zrušení otroctva z roku 1833 (stránka neexistuje)">Zákon o zrušení otroctva z roku 1833</a> zakázal otroctvo v celom <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Britsk%C3%A9_imp%C3%A9rium?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Britské impérium">britskom impériu</a> a <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Lei_%C3%81urea&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Lei Áurea (stránka neexistuje)">Lei Áurea</a> zrušila otroctvo v Brazílii v roku 1888.</p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/S%C3%BAbor:William_wilberforce.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/William_wilberforce.jpg/220px-William_wilberforce.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="268" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="650" data-file-height="791"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 268px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/William_wilberforce.jpg/220px-William_wilberforce.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="268" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/William_wilberforce.jpg/330px-William_wilberforce.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/William_wilberforce.jpg/440px-William_wilberforce.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Wilberforce?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="William Wilberforce">William Wilberforce</a> (1759 – 1833), politik a filantrop, ktorý bol vodcom hnutia za zrušenie obchodu s otrokmi </figcaption> </figure> <p><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Otroctvo_v_Spojen%C3%BDch_%C5%A1t%C3%A1toch&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Otroctvo v Spojených štátoch (stránka neexistuje)">Abolicionizmus v Spojených štátoch</a> pokračoval až do konca americkej občianskej vojny. Medzi inými boli <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Frederick_Douglass?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Frederick Douglass">Frederick Douglass</a> a <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Harriet_Tubmanov%C3%A1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Harriet Tubmanová">Harriet Tubmanová</a> dvaja z mnohých amerických abolicionistov, ktorí pomáhali vyhrať boj proti otroctvu.</p> <p>Americká občianska vojna sa konala v rokoch 1861 – 1865. Jedenásť <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Juh_(USA)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Juh (USA)">južných štátov</a> vystúpilo zo <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Spojen%C3%A9_%C5%A1t%C3%A1ty?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spojené štáty">Spojených štátov</a>, najmä z dôvodu obáv týkajúcich sa otroctva. V roku 1863 prezident <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Abraham Lincoln">Abraham Lincoln</a> vydal vyhlásenie o emancipácii. Trinásty dodatok ústavy<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/19._storo%C4%8Die?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ratifikovaný v roku 1865 oficiálne zrušil otroctvo v celej krajine.</p> <p>Päť dní potom, čo sa <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Robert_Edward_Lee?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Robert Edward Lee">Robert E. Lee</a> vzdal Appomattox Court house vo Virginii, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Atent%C3%A1t_na_Abrahama_Lincolna?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Atentát na Abrahama Lincolna">bol Lincoln zavraždený</a> hercom a sympatizantom <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Konfederovan%C3%A9_%C5%A1t%C3%A1ty_americk%C3%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Konfederované štáty americké">Konfederácie</a> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/John_Wilkes_Booth?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="John Wilkes Booth">Johnom Wilkesom Boothom</a>.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Úpadok_Osmanskej_ríše"><span id=".C3.9Apadok_Osmanskej_r.C3.AD.C5.A1e"></span>Úpadok Osmanskej ríše</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=19._storo%C4%8Die&action=edit&section=8&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Upraviť sekciu: Úpadok Osmanskej ríše" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>upraviť</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>V roku 1830 sa <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gr%C3%A9cko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Grécko">Grécko</a> stalo prvou krajinou, ktorá sa po <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gr%C3%A9cke_povstanie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Grécke povstanie">gréckej vojne za nezávislosť</a> odtrhla od <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Osmansk%C3%A1_r%C3%AD%C5%A1a?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Osmanská ríša">Osmanskej ríše</a>. V roku 1831 došlo k veľkému <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Bosnianske_povstanie_(1831_%E2%80%93_1832)&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Bosnianske povstanie (1831 – 1832) (stránka neexistuje)">bosnianskemu povstaniu</a> proti osmanskej vláde. V roku 1817 sa <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Srbsk%C3%A9_knie%C5%BEatstvo&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Srbské kniežatstvo (stránka neexistuje)">Srbské kniežatstvo</a> stalo suverenitou <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Osmansk%C3%A1_r%C3%AD%C5%A1a?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Osmanská ríša">Osmanskej ríše</a> a v roku 1867 schválilo <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%9Astava?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ústava">ústavu</a>, ktorá definovala jeho nezávislosť od <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Osmansk%C3%A1_r%C3%AD%C5%A1a?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Osmanská ríša">Osmanskej ríše</a>. V roku 1876 <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bulhari?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bulhari">Bulhari</a> podnietili <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Apr%C3%ADlov%C3%A9_povstanie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aprílové povstanie">aprílové povstanie</a> proti <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Osmansk%C3%A1_r%C3%AD%C5%A1a?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Osmanská ríša">osmanskej</a> vláde. Po <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko-tureck%C3%A1_vojna_(1877_%E2%80%93_1878)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rusko-turecká vojna (1877 – 1878)">rusko-tureckej vojne</a> uznala <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Berl%C3%ADnska_zmluva?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Berlínska zmluva">Berlínska zmluva</a> formálnu nezávislosť <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Srbsk%C3%A9_knie%C5%BEatstvo&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Srbské kniežatstvo (stránka neexistuje)">Srbského kniežatstva</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C4%8Cierna_Hora?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Čierna Hora">Čiernej Hory</a> a <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rumunsko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rumunsko">Rumunska</a>. <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bulharsko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bulharsko">Bulharsko</a> sa stáva autonómnym.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Čína:_Povstanie_tchaj-pchingov"><span id=".C4.8C.C3.ADna:_Povstanie_tchaj-pchingov"></span>Čína: Povstanie tchaj-pchingov</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=19._storo%C4%8Die&action=edit&section=9&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Upraviť sekciu: Čína: Povstanie tchaj-pchingov" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>upraviť</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/S%C3%BAbor:Regaining_the_Provincial_Capital_of_Ruizhou.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Regaining_the_Provincial_Capital_of_Ruizhou.jpg/220px-Regaining_the_Provincial_Capital_of_Ruizhou.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="96" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="877"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 96px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Regaining_the_Provincial_Capital_of_Ruizhou.jpg/220px-Regaining_the_Provincial_Capital_of_Ruizhou.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="96" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Regaining_the_Provincial_Capital_of_Ruizhou.jpg/330px-Regaining_the_Provincial_Capital_of_Ruizhou.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Regaining_the_Provincial_Capital_of_Ruizhou.jpg/440px-Regaining_the_Provincial_Capital_of_Ruizhou.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> Scéna z tchaj-pchingovho povstania </figcaption> </figure> <p><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Povstanie_tchaj-pchingov&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Povstanie tchaj-pchingov (stránka neexistuje)">Povstanie tchaj-pchingov</a> bola najkrvavejším konfliktom 19. storočia a viedla k úmrtiam 20 miliónov ľudí. Ich vodca, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Hong_Xiuquan&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Hong Xiuquan (stránka neexistuje)">Hong Xiuquan</a>, sa vyhlásil za mladšieho brata <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Je%C5%BEi%C5%A1_Kristus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ježiš Kristus">Ježiša Krista</a> a vyvinul nové čínske náboženstvo známe ako <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Spolo%C4%8Dnos%C5%A5_bohoslu%C5%BEieb&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Spoločnosť bohoslužieb (stránka neexistuje)">Spoločnosť bohoslužieb</a>. Po vyhlásení založenia nebeského kráľovstva Tchaj-pchinga v roku 1851 dobyla tchaj-pchingská armáda veľkú časť Číny a v roku 1853 zajala <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nanking?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nanking">Nanking</a>. V roku 1864, po smrti Hong Xiuquan, jednotky <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C4%8Cching?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Čching">Čching</a> znovu chytili Nanking a ukončili povstanie.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/19._storo%C4%8Die?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Japonsko:_Obnova_Meidži"><span id="Japonsko:_Obnova_Meid.C5.BEi"></span>Japonsko: Obnova Meidži</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=19._storo%C4%8Die&action=edit&section=10&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Upraviť sekciu: Japonsko: Obnova Meidži" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>upraviť</span> </a> </span> </div> <dl> <dd> <div class="noprint"> <i>Bližšie informácie v hlavnom článku: <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Meid%C5%BEi_i%C5%A1in?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Meidži išin">Meidži išin</a></i> </div> </dd> </dl> <p>Počas <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Obdobie_Edo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Obdobie Edo">obdobia Edo</a> sa <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dejiny_Japonska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dejiny Japonska">Japonsko</a> vo veľkej miere snažilo izolovať zahraničnú politiku. V roku 1853 sa americký námorník Commodore <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Matthew_Calbraith_Perry&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Matthew Calbraith Perry (stránka neexistuje)">Matthew C. Perry</a> vyhrážal japonskému hlavnému mestu <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokio?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tokio">Edo</a> bojovými loďami a požadoval, aby súhlasili s otvoreným obchodom. To viedlo k <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Bakumatsu&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Bakumatsu (stránka neexistuje)">otvoreniu obchodných vzťahov</a> medzi Japonskom a zahraničím, pričom politika <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Sakoku&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Sakoku (stránka neexistuje)">Sakoku</a> sa formálne skončila v roku 1854.</p> <p>V roku 1872 japonská vláda pod cisárom <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mucuhito?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mucuhito">Mucuhitom</a> odstránila systém daimyō a vytvorila silnú ústrednú vládu. Ďalšie reformy zahŕňali zrušenie triedy <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Samuraj?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Samuraj">samurajov</a>, rýchlu industrializáciu a modernizáciu vlády, pričom sa dôsledne riadili európskymi modelmi.</p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/S%C3%BAbor:Parque_Eagle_River,_Anchorage,_Alaska,_Estados_Unidos,_2017-09-01,_DD_02.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Parque_Eagle_River%2C_Anchorage%2C_Alaska%2C_Estados_Unidos%2C_2017-09-01%2C_DD_02.jpg/220px-Parque_Eagle_River%2C_Anchorage%2C_Alaska%2C_Estados_Unidos%2C_2017-09-01%2C_DD_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="8688" data-file-height="5792"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Parque_Eagle_River%2C_Anchorage%2C_Alaska%2C_Estados_Unidos%2C_2017-09-01%2C_DD_02.jpg/220px-Parque_Eagle_River%2C_Anchorage%2C_Alaska%2C_Estados_Unidos%2C_2017-09-01%2C_DD_02.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Parque_Eagle_River%2C_Anchorage%2C_Alaska%2C_Estados_Unidos%2C_2017-09-01%2C_DD_02.jpg/330px-Parque_Eagle_River%2C_Anchorage%2C_Alaska%2C_Estados_Unidos%2C_2017-09-01%2C_DD_02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Parque_Eagle_River%2C_Anchorage%2C_Alaska%2C_Estados_Unidos%2C_2017-09-01%2C_DD_02.jpg/440px-Parque_Eagle_River%2C_Anchorage%2C_Alaska%2C_Estados_Unidos%2C_2017-09-01%2C_DD_02.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> V roku 1867 Spojené štáty odkúpili Aljašku </figcaption> </figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Kolonializmus">Kolonializmus</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=19._storo%C4%8Die&action=edit&section=11&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Upraviť sekciu: Kolonializmus" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>upraviť</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>V roku 1862 získalo <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Franc%C3%BAzsko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Francúzsko">Francúzsko</a> svoje prvé územie v <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Juhov%C3%BDchodn%C3%A1_%C3%81zia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Juhovýchodná Ázia">juhovýchodnej Ázii</a> a v roku 1863 si pripojilo <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kambod%C5%BEa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kambodža">Kambodžu</a>.</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1803?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1803">1803</a>: Spojené štáty sa viac ako zdvojnásobili, keď kúpili teritoriálne nároky Francúzska v Severnej Amerike prostredníctvom <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=K%C3%BApa_Louisiany&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Kúpa Louisiany (stránka neexistuje)">kúpy Louisiany</a>. Začala sa tým západná expanzia Spojených štátov do Tichého oceánu, ktorá sa označuje ako jej manifestný osud, ktorý zahŕňal anexiu a dobytie pôdy z Mexika, Británie a domorodých Američanov.</li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1823?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1823">1823</a> – <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1887?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1887">1887</a>: Britské impérium po troch <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Anglo-barmsk%C3%A9_vojny?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Anglo-barmské vojny">anglo-barmských vojnách</a> anektovalo <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mjanmarsko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mjanmarsko">Barmu</a> (teraz tiež nazývanú Mjanmarsko).</li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1867?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1867">1867</a>: Spojené štáty odkúpili Aljašku od Ruska.</li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="Afrika">Afrika</h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=19._storo%C4%8Die&action=edit&section=12&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Upraviť sekciu: Afrika" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>upraviť</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/S%C3%BAbor:Scramble-for-Africa-1880-1913.png?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Scramble-for-Africa-1880-1913.png/220px-Scramble-for-Africa-1880-1913.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="109" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2311" data-file-height="1142"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 109px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Scramble-for-Africa-1880-1913.png/220px-Scramble-for-Africa-1880-1913.png" data-width="220" data-height="109" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Scramble-for-Africa-1880-1913.png/330px-Scramble-for-Africa-1880-1913.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Scramble-for-Africa-1880-1913.png/440px-Scramble-for-Africa-1880-1913.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> Porovnanie Afriky v rokoch 1880 a 1913 </figcaption> </figure> <p>V Afrike viedli európske prieskumy a technológie ku kolonizácii takmer celého kontinentu do roku 1898. Nové lieky, ako napríklad <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Chin%C3%ADn?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Chinín">chinín</a> a pokročilejšie <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Paln%C3%A1_zbra%C5%88?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Palná zbraň">strelné zbrane</a>, umožnili európskym národom dobyť pôvodné populácie.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/19._storo%C4%8Die?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Medzi motívy <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Delenie_Afriky&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Delenie Afriky (stránka neexistuje)">delenia Afriky</a> patrila národná hrdosť, túžba po surovinách a kresťanská misijná činnosť. Británia prevzala kontrolu nad Egyptom, aby zabezpečila kontrolu nad <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Suezsk%C3%BD_prieplav?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Suezský prieplav">Suezským prieplavom</a>. Francúzsko, Belgicko, Portugalsko a Nemecko mali tiež významné kolónie. <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Berl%C3%ADnska_konferencia&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Berlínska konferencia (stránka neexistuje)">Berlínska konferencia</a> v rokoch 1884 – 1885 sa pokúsila dosiahnuť dohodu o koloniálnych hraniciach v Afrike, ale spory pokračovali tak medzi európskymi mocnosťami, ako aj odporom pôvodného obyvateľstva.</p> <p>V roku 1867 boli objavené <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Diamant?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Diamant">diamanty</a> v oblasti <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Kimberley&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Kimberley (stránka neexistuje)">Kimberley</a> v Južnej Afrike. V roku 1886 bolo v Transvaali objavené zlato. To viedlo ku kolonizácii Britov v južnej Afrike a obchodných záujmov pod vedením <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cecil_Rhodes?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cecil Rhodes">Cecila Rhodesa</a>.</p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/S%C3%BAbor:Russian_Persian_Wars_1815.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Russian_Persian_Wars_1815.jpg/220px-Russian_Persian_Wars_1815.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="129" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1379" data-file-height="808"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 129px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Russian_Persian_Wars_1815.jpg/220px-Russian_Persian_Wars_1815.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="129" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Russian_Persian_Wars_1815.jpg/330px-Russian_Persian_Wars_1815.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Russian_Persian_Wars_1815.jpg/440px-Russian_Persian_Wars_1815.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> Rusko-perzská vojna (1815). </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/S%C3%BAbor:American_Civil_War_Montage_2.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/American_Civil_War_Montage_2.jpg/220px-American_Civil_War_Montage_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="212" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="554" data-file-height="533"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 212px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/American_Civil_War_Montage_2.jpg/220px-American_Civil_War_Montage_2.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="212" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/American_Civil_War_Montage_2.jpg/330px-American_Civil_War_Montage_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/American_Civil_War_Montage_2.jpg/440px-American_Civil_War_Montage_2.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Americk%C3%A1_ob%C4%8Dianska_vojna?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Americká občianska vojna">Americká občianska vojna</a>. </figcaption> </figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Iné_vojny"><span id="In.C3.A9_vojny"></span>Iné vojny</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=19._storo%C4%8Die&action=edit&section=13&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Upraviť sekciu: Iné vojny" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>upraviť</span> </a> </span> </div> <ul> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1801?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1801">1801</a> – <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1815?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1815">1815</a>: <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Prv%C3%A1_barbarsk%C3%A1_vojna&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Prvá barbarská vojna (stránka neexistuje)">prvá barbarská vojna</a> a <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Druh%C3%A1_barbask%C3%A1_vojna&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Druhá barbaská vojna (stránka neexistuje)">druhá barbaská vojna</a> medzi Spojenými štátmi a Barbarskými štátmi severnej Afriky.</li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1804?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1804">1804</a> – <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1813?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1813">1813</a>: <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Rusko-perzsk%C3%A1_vojna_(1804_%E2%80%93_1813)&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Rusko-perzská vojna (1804 – 1813) (stránka neexistuje)">Rusko-perzská vojna</a>.</li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1806?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1806">1806</a> – <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1812?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1812">1812</a>: <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Rusko-tureck%C3%A1_vojna_(1806_%E2%80%93_1812)&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Rusko-turecká vojna (1806 – 1812) (stránka neexistuje)">Rusko-turecká vojna</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Bukure%C5%A1tsk%C3%A1_zmluva_(1812)&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Bukureštská zmluva (1812) (stránka neexistuje)">Bukureštská zmluva</a>.</li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1808?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1808">1808</a> – <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1809?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1809">1809</a>: Rusko vo <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=F%C3%ADnska_vojna&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Fínska vojna (stránka neexistuje)">fínskej vojne</a> dobýva Fínsko od Švédska.</li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1810?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1810">1810</a>: <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Grito_de_Dolores&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Grito de Dolores (stránka neexistuje)">Grito de Dolores</a> začína <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Mexick%C3%A1_vojna_za_nez%C3%A1vislos%C5%A5&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Mexická vojna za nezávislosť (stránka neexistuje)">mexickú vojnu za nezávislosť</a>.</li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/10._roky_19._storo%C4%8Dia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="10. roky 19. storočia">10. roky</a> – <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/20._roky_19._storo%C4%8Dia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="20. roky 19. storočia">20. roky 19. storočia</a>: <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Pand%C5%BE%C3%A1bska_vojna&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Pandžábska vojna (stránka neexistuje)">Pandžábska vojna</a> medzi <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Sikhsk%C3%A1_r%C3%AD%C5%A1a&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Sikhská ríša (stránka neexistuje)">Sikhskou ríšou</a> a <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Britsk%C3%A9_imp%C3%A9rium?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Britské impérium">Britským impériom</a>.</li> <li>1812 – 1815: <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Britsko-americk%C3%A1_vojna?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Britsko-americká vojna">Vojna v roku 1812</a> medzi Spojenými štátmi a Britániou; končí remízou, až na to, že domorodí Američania stratia moc.</li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1813?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1813">1813</a> – 1837: <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Afg%C3%A1nsko-sikhsk%C3%A1_vojna&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Afgánsko-sikhská vojna (stránka neexistuje)">Afgánsko-sikhská vojna</a>.</li> <li>1814 – 1816: <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Anglo-nep%C3%A1lska_vojna&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Anglo-nepálska vojna (stránka neexistuje)">Anglo-nepálska vojna</a> medzi <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nep%C3%A1l?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nepál">Nepálom</a> (Gurkská ríša) a <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Britsk%C3%A9_imp%C3%A9rium?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Britské impérium">Britským impériom</a>.</li> <li>1817: Prvá <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Seminolsk%C3%A1_vojna&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Seminolská vojna (stránka neexistuje)">seminolská vojna</a> začínajúca na Floride.</li> <li>1817: Rusko začína dobývanie <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kaukaz_(geografick%C3%A1_oblas%C5%A5)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kaukaz (geografická oblasť)">Kaukazu</a>.</li> <li>1820: <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Revol%C3%BAcie_v_roku_1820&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Revolúcie v roku 1820 (stránka neexistuje)">Revolúcie v roku 1820</a> v južnej Európe.</li> <li>1825 – 1830: <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=J%C3%A1vska_vojna&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Jávska vojna (stránka neexistuje)">Jávska vojna</a>.</li> <li>1826 – 1828: Po poslednej <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Rusko-perzsk%C3%A1_vojna_(1826_%E2%80%93_1828)&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Rusko-perzská vojna (1826 – 1828) (stránka neexistuje)">rusko-perzskej vojne</a> získala <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=K%C3%A1d%C5%BE%C3%A1rovci&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Kádžárovci (stránka neexistuje)">Perzská ríša</a> späť územie stratené Ruskom z predchádzajúcej vojny.</li> <li>1828 – 1832: <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%C4%8Cierna_vojna&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Čierna vojna (stránka neexistuje)">Čierna vojna</a> v <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tasm%C3%A1nia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tasmánia">Tasmánii</a> vedie k takmer vyhynutiu <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Tasm%C3%A1nci&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Tasmánci (stránka neexistuje)">tasmánskych domorodcov</a>.</li> <li>1830: <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Novembrov%C3%A9_povstanie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Novembrové povstanie">Novembrové povstanie</a> v <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Po%C4%BEsko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Poľsko">Poľsku</a> proti <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rusko">Rusku</a>.</li> <li>1831: <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Franc%C3%BAzsko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Francúzsko">Francúzsko</a> napadne a okupuje Alžírsko.</li> <li>1831 – 1833: <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Egyptsko-osmansk%C3%A1_vojna_(1831_%E2%80%93_1833)&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Egyptsko-osmanská vojna (1831 – 1833) (stránka neexistuje)">Egyptsko-osmanská vojna</a>.</li> <li>1846 – 1848: <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mexicko-americk%C3%A1_vojna?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mexicko-americká vojna">Mexicko-americká vojna</a> vedie k mexickej strate väčšiny dnešných <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Southwest_(USA)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Southwest (USA)">juhozápadných Spojených štátov</a>.</li> <li>1853 – 1856: <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Krymsk%C3%A1_vojna?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Krymská vojna">Krymská vojna</a> medzi Francúzskom, Spojeným kráľovstvom a Osmanskou ríšou proti Rusku.</li> <li>1861 – 1865: <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Americk%C3%A1_ob%C4%8Dianska_vojna?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Americká občianska vojna">Americká občianska vojna</a> medzi Úniou a Konfederáciou.</li> <li>1861 – 1867: Francúzska intervencia v Mexiku a vytvorenie <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Druh%C3%A1_mexick%C3%A1_r%C3%AD%C5%A1a&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Druhá mexická ríša (stránka neexistuje)">druhej mexickej ríše</a>, ktorej vládol <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Maximili%C3%A1n_I._(Mexiko)&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Maximilián I. (Mexiko) (stránka neexistuje)">Maximilián I.</a> a jeho manželka <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Carlota_(Mexiko)&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Carlota (Mexiko) (stránka neexistuje)">Carlota</a>.</li> <li>1863 – 1865: <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Po%C4%BEsk%C3%A9_povstanie&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Poľské povstanie (stránka neexistuje)">Poľské povstanie</a> proti <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusk%C3%A1_r%C3%AD%C5%A1a?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ruská ríša">Ruskej ríši</a>.</li> <li>1864 – 1870: <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vojna_trojspolku?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vojna trojspolku">Paraguajská vojna</a> ukončuje paraguajské ambície v expanzii a ničí väčšinu paraguajskej populácie.</li> <li>1866: Výsledkom <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rak%C3%BAsko-prusk%C3%A1_vojna?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rakúsko-pruská vojna">rakúsko-pruskej vojny</a> bolo rozpustenie <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nemeck%C3%BD_spolok?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nemecký spolok">Nemeckého spolku</a> a vytvorenie <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Severonemeck%C3%BD_spolok?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Severonemecký spolok">Severonemeckého spolku</a> a <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rak%C3%BAsko-Uhorsko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rakúsko-Uhorsko">rakúsko-uhorskej duálnej monarchie</a>.</li> <li>1868 – 1869: Výsledkom vojny v Bošine je koniec šógunátu a založenia Japonskej ríše.</li> <li>1868 – 1878: <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Desa%C5%A5ro%C4%8Dn%C3%A1_vojna&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Desaťročná vojna (stránka neexistuje)">Desaťročná vojna</a> medzi <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kuba?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kuba">Kubou</a> a <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C5%A0panielsko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Španielsko">Španielskom</a>.</li> <li>1870 – 1871: <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Prusko-franc%C3%BAzska_vojna?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Prusko-francúzska vojna">Francúzsko-pruská vojna</a> má za následok <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zjednotenie_Nemecka_(1871)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Zjednotenie Nemecka (1871)">zjednotenie Nemecka</a> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Risorgimento?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Risorgimento">a Talianska</a>, kolaps <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Druh%C3%A9_franc%C3%BAzske_cis%C3%A1rstvo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Druhé francúzske cisárstvo">druhého francúzskeho cisárstva</a> a vznik <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Nov%C3%BD_imperializmus&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Nový imperializmus (stránka neexistuje)">nového imperializmu</a>.</li> <li>1879: <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Anglo-zulusk%C3%A1_vojna&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Anglo-zuluská vojna (stránka neexistuje)">Anglo-zuluská vojna</a> má za následok britské víťazstvo a anexiu <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zulusk%C3%BD_%C5%A1t%C3%A1t?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Zuluský štát">Zuluského štátu</a>.</li> <li>1879 – 1880: <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Mal%C3%A1_vojna_(Kuba)&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Malá vojna (Kuba) (stránka neexistuje)">Malá vojna</a> proti španielskej vláde na <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kuba?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kuba">Kube</a> vedie k porážke povstalcov.</li> <li>1879 – 1883: <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C4%8Cile?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Čile">Čile</a> bojuje s <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Peru?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Peru">Peru</a> a <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bol%C3%ADvia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bolívia">Bolíviou</a> o územie Andy v tichomorskej vojne.</li> <li>1880 – 1881: <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Prv%C3%A1_b%C3%BArska_vojna?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Prvá búrska vojna">Prvá búrska vojna</a>.</li> <li>1881 – 1899: <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Mahd%C3%ADho_povstanie&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Mahdího povstanie (stránka neexistuje)">Máhdítská vojna</a> v <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Anglo-egyptsk%C3%A9_kondom%C3%ADnium?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Anglo-egyptské kondomínium">Sudáne</a>.</li> <li>1882: <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Britsk%C3%A9_dobytie_Egypta_(1882)&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Britské dobytie Egypta (1882) (stránka neexistuje)">Anglo-egyptská vojna</a>, Britská invázia a následná okupácia <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Egypt?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Egypt">Egypta</a>.</li> <li>1894 – 1895: Po <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Prv%C3%A1_%C4%8D%C3%ADnsko-japonsk%C3%A1_vojna?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Prvá čínsko-japonská vojna">prvej čínsko-japonskej vojne</a>, prenechala Čína <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Taiwan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a> Japonsku a poskytla mu voľnú ruku v Kórei.</li> <li>1895: <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Taiwan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a> je prenechaní <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Japonsk%C3%A9_cis%C3%A1rstvo_(1868_%E2%80%93_1945)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Japonské cisárstvo (1868 – 1945)">Japonskému cisárstvu</a> v dôsledku <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Prv%C3%A1_%C4%8D%C3%ADnsko-japonsk%C3%A1_vojna?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Prvá čínsko-japonská vojna">prvej čínsko-japonskej vojny</a>.</li> <li>1895 – 1896: <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eti%C3%B3pske_cis%C3%A1rstvo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Etiópske cisárstvo">Abyssinia</a> porazila Taliansko v <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Prv%C3%A1_taliansko-eti%C3%B3pska_vojna&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Prvá taliansko-etiópska vojna (stránka neexistuje)">prvej taliansko-etiópskej vojne</a>.</li> <li>1895 – 1898: <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Kub%C3%A1nska_vojna_za_nez%C3%A1vislos%C5%A5&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Kubánska vojna za nezávislosť (stránka neexistuje)">Kubánska vojna za nezávislosť</a> má za následok kubánsku nezávislosť od <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C5%A0panielske_imp%C3%A9rium?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Španielske impérium">Španielska</a>.</li> <li>1896 – 1898: <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Filip%C3%ADnska_revol%C3%BAcia&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Filipínska revolúcia (stránka neexistuje)">Filipínska revolúcia</a> vedie k víťazstvu Filipín.</li> <li>1898: <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C5%A0panielsko-americk%C3%A1_vojna?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Španielsko-americká vojna">Španielsko-americká vojna</a> má za následok nezávislosť Kuby.</li> <li>1899 – 1901: <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Boxersk%C3%A9_povstanie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Boxerské povstanie">Boxerské povstanie</a> v Číne potláča <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Aliancia_%C3%B4smich_n%C3%A1rodov&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Aliancia ôsmich národov (stránka neexistuje)">Aliancia ôsmich národov</a>.</li> <li>1899 – 1902: <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Tis%C3%ADcd%C5%88ov%C3%A1_vojna&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Tisícdňová vojna (stránka neexistuje)">Tisícdňová vojna</a> v <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kolumbia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kolumbia">Kolumbii</a> vypukla medzi „<a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Liberalizmus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Liberalizmus">liberalistami</a>“ a „<a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Konzervativizmus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Konzervativizmus">konzervatívcami</a>“, čo vyvrcholilo stratou <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Panama_(%C5%A1t%C3%A1t)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Panama (štát)">Panamy</a> v roku 1903.</li> <li>1899 – 1902: Začala <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Druh%C3%A1_b%C3%BArska_vojna&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Druhá búrska vojna (stránka neexistuje)">druhá búrska vojna</a>.</li> <li>1899 – 1902: Začala <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Filip%C3%ADnsko-americk%C3%A1_vojna&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Filipínsko-americká vojna (stránka neexistuje)">filipínsko-americká vojna</a>.</li> </ul> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Veda_a_technológia"><span id="Veda_a_technol.C3.B3gia"></span>Veda a technológia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=19._storo%C4%8Die&action=edit&section=14&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Upraviť sekciu: Veda a technológia" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>upraviť</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/S%C3%BAbor:Distinguished_British_men_of_science_1807-1808_assembled_in_Wellcome_V0050587.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Distinguished_British_men_of_science_1807-1808_assembled_in_Wellcome_V0050587.jpg/262px-Distinguished_British_men_of_science_1807-1808_assembled_in_Wellcome_V0050587.jpg" decoding="async" width="262" height="127" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3897" data-file-height="1884"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 262px;height: 127px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Distinguished_British_men_of_science_1807-1808_assembled_in_Wellcome_V0050587.jpg/262px-Distinguished_British_men_of_science_1807-1808_assembled_in_Wellcome_V0050587.jpg" data-width="262" data-height="127" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Distinguished_British_men_of_science_1807-1808_assembled_in_Wellcome_V0050587.jpg/393px-Distinguished_British_men_of_science_1807-1808_assembled_in_Wellcome_V0050587.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Distinguished_British_men_of_science_1807-1808_assembled_in_Wellcome_V0050587.jpg/524px-Distinguished_British_men_of_science_1807-1808_assembled_in_Wellcome_V0050587.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> Významní muži vedy.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/19._storo%C4%8Die?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pomocou kurzora môžete zistiť, kto je kto.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/19._storo%C4%8Die?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </figcaption> </figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/S%C3%BAbor:M_Faraday_Th_Phillips_oil_1842.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/M_Faraday_Th_Phillips_oil_1842.jpg/182px-M_Faraday_Th_Phillips_oil_1842.jpg" decoding="async" width="182" height="236" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1110" data-file-height="1437"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 182px;height: 236px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/M_Faraday_Th_Phillips_oil_1842.jpg/182px-M_Faraday_Th_Phillips_oil_1842.jpg" data-width="182" data-height="236" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/M_Faraday_Th_Phillips_oil_1842.jpg/273px-M_Faraday_Th_Phillips_oil_1842.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/M_Faraday_Th_Phillips_oil_1842.jpg/364px-M_Faraday_Th_Phillips_oil_1842.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Michael_Faraday?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Michael Faraday">Michael Faraday</a> (1791 – 1867). </figcaption> </figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/S%C3%BAbor:Edison_and_phonograph_edit2.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Edison_and_phonograph_edit2.jpg/228px-Edison_and_phonograph_edit2.jpg" decoding="async" width="228" height="287" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2640" data-file-height="3327"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 228px;height: 287px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Edison_and_phonograph_edit2.jpg/228px-Edison_and_phonograph_edit2.jpg" data-alt="" data-width="228" data-height="287" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Edison_and_phonograph_edit2.jpg/342px-Edison_and_phonograph_edit2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Edison_and_phonograph_edit2.jpg/455px-Edison_and_phonograph_edit2.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Thomas_Alva_Edison?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Thomas Alva Edison">Thomas Edison</a> bol americký vynálezca, vedec a obchodník, ktorý vyvinul mnoho zariadení, ktoré výrazne ovplyvnili život na celom svete, vrátane <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fonograf?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fonograf">fonografu</a> (na obrázku), <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Filmov%C3%A1_kamera?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Filmová kamera">filmovej kamery</a> a dlhodobej praktickej <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C5%BDiarovka?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Žiarovka">elektrickej žiarovky</a>. </figcaption> </figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/S%C3%BAbor:Karl_Benz_Automobile.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Karl_Benz_Automobile.jpg/240px-Karl_Benz_Automobile.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="173" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3599" data-file-height="2595"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 240px;height: 173px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Karl_Benz_Automobile.jpg/240px-Karl_Benz_Automobile.jpg" data-width="240" data-height="173" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Karl_Benz_Automobile.jpg/360px-Karl_Benz_Automobile.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Karl_Benz_Automobile.jpg/480px-Karl_Benz_Automobile.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> Automobil <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Karl_Friedrich_Benz?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Karl Friedrich Benz">Karla Benza</a>. </figcaption> </figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/S%C3%BAbor:Lock_26_Pancake_Lock_NPS.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Lock_26_Pancake_Lock_NPS.jpg/238px-Lock_26_Pancake_Lock_NPS.jpg" decoding="async" width="238" height="176" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="365" data-file-height="270"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 238px;height: 176px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Lock_26_Pancake_Lock_NPS.jpg/238px-Lock_26_Pancake_Lock_NPS.jpg" data-width="238" data-height="176" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Lock_26_Pancake_Lock_NPS.jpg/357px-Lock_26_Pancake_Lock_NPS.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bd/Lock_26_Pancake_Lock_NPS.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Erie_Canal?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Erie Canal">Erijský prieplav</a>. </figcaption> </figure> <p>V 19. storočí sa veda stala povolaním; termín <b>vedec</b> bol vytvorený v roku 1833 <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Whewell?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="William Whewell">Williamom Whewellom</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/19._storo%C4%8Die?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ktorý čoskoro nahradil starší termín <b>(prírodného) filozofa</b>. Medzi najvplyvnejšie myšlienky 19. storočia patrili myšlienky <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Charles_Darwin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Charles Darwin">Charlesa Darwina</a> (spolu s nezávislými výskumami <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alfred_Russel_Wallace?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alfred Russel Wallace">Alfreda Russela Wallaceho</a>), ktorý v roku 1859 vydal knihu <i><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/P%C3%B4vod_druhov?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Pôvod druhov">Pôvod druhov</a></i>, ktorá predstavila myšlienku <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Biologick%C3%A1_evol%C3%BAcia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Biologická evolúcia">evolúcie</a> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Prirodzen%C3%BD_v%C3%BDber&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Prirodzený výber (stránka neexistuje)">prirodzeným výberom</a>. Ďalším dôležitým medzníkom v medicíne a biológii bolo úspešné úsilie dokázať choroboplodnú chorobu. Následne <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Louis_Pasteur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Louis Pasteur">Louis Pasteur</a> vyrobil prvú <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vakc%C3%ADna?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vakcína">vakcínu</a> proti <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Besnota?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Besnota">besnote</a> a tiež urobil mnoho objavov v oblasti chémie vrátane <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Enantiom%C3%A9r?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Enantiomér">asymetrie kryštálov</a>. V chémii vytvoril <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dmitrij_Ivanovi%C4%8D_Mendelejev?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dmitrij Ivanovič Mendelejev">Dmitrij Mendelejev</a> podľa <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=At%C3%B3mov%C3%A1_te%C3%B3ria&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Atómová teória (stránka neexistuje)">atómovej teórie</a> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/John_Dalton?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="John Dalton">Johna Daltona</a> prvú <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Periodick%C3%A1_tabu%C4%BEka?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Periodická tabuľka">periodickú tabuľku</a> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Chemick%C3%BD_prvok?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Chemický prvok">prvkov</a>. Vo fyzike viedlo experimenty, teórie a objavy <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Michael_Faraday?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Michael Faraday">Michaela Faradaya</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Andr%C3%A9-Marie_Amp%C3%A8re?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="André-Marie Ampère">André-Marie Ampèra</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/James_Clerk_Maxwell?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="James Clerk Maxwell">Jamesa Clerka Maxwella</a> a ďalších k vytvoreniu <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Elektromagnetizmus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Elektromagnetizmus">elektromagnetizmu</a> ako nového odvetvia vedy. <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Termodynamika?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Termodynamika">Termodynamika</a> viedla k pochopeniu tepla a bol definovaný pojem energie. Medzi ďalšie významné nálezy patria objavy odhaľujúce podstatu atómovej štruktúry a hmoty, súčasne s chémiou – a nových druhov žiarenia. V astronómii bola objavená planéta <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nept%C3%BAn?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Neptún">Neptún</a>. V matematike pojem komplexných čísel konečne dozrel a viedol k následnej analytickej teórii; začali tiež používať <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Hyperkomplexn%C3%A9_%C4%8D%C3%ADslo&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Hyperkomplexné číslo (stránka neexistuje)">hyperkomplexné čísla</a>. <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Karl_Weierstrass?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Karl Weierstrass">Karl Weierstrass</a> a ďalší vykonali <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Aritmetiz%C3%A1cia_anal%C3%BDzy&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Aritmetizácia analýzy (stránka neexistuje)">aritmetizáciu analýzy</a> funkcií reálnych a komplexných premenných. Po takmer dvetisíc rokoch došlo k <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Neeuklidovsk%C3%A1_geometria?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Neeuklidovská geometria">novému vývoju geometrie</a> nad rámec klasických teórií Euklidov. Matematická veda logiky mala po obdobne dlhej dobe stagnácie revolučný prielom. Najdôležitejším krokom vo vede v tejto dobe však boli myšlienky formulované tvorcami elektrotechniky. Ich práca zmenila tvár fyziky a umožnila vznik nových technológií: <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Thomas_Alva_Edison?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Thomas Alva Edison">Thomas Alva Edison</a> dal svetu praktickú každodennú <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C5%BDiarovka?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Žiarovka">žiarovku</a>. <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nikola_Tesla?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nikola Tesla">Nikola Tesla</a> propagoval <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Asynchr%C3%B3nny_motor?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Asynchrónny motor">asynchrónny motor</a>, vysokofrekvenčný prenos elektriny a diaľkové ovládanie. Ďalšími novými vynálezmi boli elektrická telegrafia a telefón.</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1807?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1807">1807</a>: <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Drasl%C3%ADk?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Draslík">Draslík</a> a <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sod%C3%ADk?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sodík">sodík</a> boli jednotlivo izolované, zistením <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Humphry_Davy?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Humphry Davy">Sira Humphryho Davyho</a>.</li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1831?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1831">1831</a> – <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1836?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1836">1836</a>: Cesta <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Charles_Darwin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Charles Darwin">Charlesa Darwina</a> na <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=HMS_Beagle&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="HMS Beagle (stránka neexistuje)">HMS <i>Beagle</i></a>.</li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1859?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1859">1859</a>: <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Charles_Darwin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Charles Darwin">Charles Darwin</a> vydal publikáciu o <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/P%C3%B4vod_druhov?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Pôvod druhov"><i>Pôvode druhov</i></a>.</li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1861?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1861">1861</a>: <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/James_Clerk_Maxwell?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="James Clerk Maxwell">James Clerk Maxwell</a> publikoval knihu <i>Fyzikálne línie sily</i> a formuloval štyri <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Maxwellove_rovnice?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Maxwellove rovnice">Maxwellove rovnice</a>.</li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1865?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1865">1865</a>: <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gregor_Mendel?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gregor Mendel">Gregor Mendel</a> formuloval svoje <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mendelizmus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mendelizmus">dedičské zákony</a>.</li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1869?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1869">1869</a>: <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dmitrij_Ivanovi%C4%8D_Mendelejev?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dmitrij Ivanovič Mendelejev">Dmitrij Mendelejev</a> vytvoril <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Periodick%C3%A1_tabu%C4%BEka?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Periodická tabuľka">periodickú tabuľku</a>.</li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1873?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1873">1873</a>: Maxwell publikoval knihu o <i>elektrine a magnetizme</i>.</li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1877?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1877">1877</a>: <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Asaph_Hall?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Asaph Hall">Asaph Hall</a> objavil <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mesiace_Marsu?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mesiace Marsu">mesiace Marsu</a>.</li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1896?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1896">1896</a>: <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Henri_Becquerel?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Henri Becquerel">Henri Becquerel</a> objavil <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/R%C3%A1dioakt%C3%ADvny_rozpad?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rádioaktívny rozpad">rádioaktivitu</a>; <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Joseph_John_Thomson?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Joseph John Thomson">J. J. Thomson</a> identifikoval <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Elektr%C3%B3n?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Elektrón">elektrón</a>, hoci nie jeho menom.</li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Medicína"><span id="Medic.C3.ADna"></span>Medicína</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=19._storo%C4%8Die&action=edit&section=15&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Upraviť sekciu: Medicína" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>upraviť</span> </a> </span> </div> <ul> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1804?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1804">1804</a>: Bol prvýkrát izolovaný <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Morf%C3%ADn?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Morfín">morfín</a>.</li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1842?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1842">1842</a>: Prvýkrát bola použitá <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Anest%C3%A9zia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Anestézia">anestézia</a>.</li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1855?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1855">1855</a>: <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Friedrich_Gaedcke&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Friedrich Gaedcke (stránka neexistuje)">Friedrich Gaedcke</a> izoloval <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Koka%C3%ADn?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kokaín">kokaín</a>.</li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1885?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1885">1885</a>: <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Louis_Pasteur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Louis Pasteur">Louis Pasteur</a> vytvoril prvú úspešnú <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vakc%C3%ADna_proti_besnote?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vakcína proti besnote">vakcínu proti besnote</a> pre mladého chlapca, ktorého pohrýzol besný pes.</li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1889?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1889">1889</a>: Bol patentovaný <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kyselina_acetylsalicylov%C3%A1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kyselina acetylsalicylová">Aspirín</a>.</li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Vynálezy"><span id="Vyn.C3.A1lezy"></span>Vynálezy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=19._storo%C4%8Die&action=edit&section=16&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Upraviť sekciu: Vynálezy" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>upraviť</span> </a> </span> </div> <ul> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1804?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1804">1804</a>: Začala sa prevádzka prvej <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Parn%C3%BD_ru%C5%A1e%C5%88?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Parný rušeň">parnej lokomotívy</a>.</li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1825?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1825">1825</a>: Otvorením <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Erie_Canal?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Erie Canal">Erijského prieplavu</a> vzniklo prepojenie <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ve%C4%BEk%C3%A9_kanadsk%C3%A9_jazer%C3%A1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Veľké kanadské jazerá">Veľkých jazier</a> s <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Atlantick%C3%BD_oce%C3%A1n?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Atlantický oceán">Atlantickým oceánom</a>.</li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1825?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1825">1825</a>: Bol izolovaný <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hlin%C3%ADk?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hliník">hliník</a>.</li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1825?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1825">1825</a>: Bola otvorená prvá verejná železnica <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%C5%BDeleznica_Stockton_%E2%80%93_Darlington&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Železnica Stockton – Darlington (stránka neexistuje)">Stockton – Darlington</a>.</li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1826?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1826">1826</a>: <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Samuel_Morey&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Samuel Morey (stránka neexistuje)">Samuel Morey</a> si patentoval <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Spa%C4%BEovac%C3%AD_motor?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spaľovací motor">spaľovací motor</a>.</li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1829?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1829">1829</a>: Bol skonštruovaný prvý <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Elektromotor?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Elektromotor">elektromotor</a>.</li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1837?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1837">1837</a>: Bol patentovaný <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Telegraf?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Telegraf">telegraf</a>.</li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1841?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1841">1841</a>: <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Richard_Owen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Richard Owen">Richard Owen</a> prvýkrát použil pojem „<a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dinosaury?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dinosaury">dinosaurus</a>“.</li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1844?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1844">1844</a>: Vznikla prvá verejne financovaná <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Telegraf?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Telegraf">telegrafná</a> linka na svete – medzi Baltimorom a Washingtonom. 24. mája vysielala demonštračnú správu s ohlasom na vek telegrafu.</li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1849?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1849">1849</a>: Bol vynájdený <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%ADnac%C3%AD_%C5%A1pendl%C3%ADk&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Spínací špendlík (stránka neexistuje)">spínací špendlík</a> a <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Plynov%C3%A1_maska&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Plynová maska (stránka neexistuje)">plynová maska</a>.</li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1855?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1855">1855</a>: <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bessemerov_proces?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bessemerov proces">Bessemerov proces</a> umožnil hromadnú výrobu <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Oce%C4%BE?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Oceľ">ocele</a>.</li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1856?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1856">1856</a>: V <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rumunsko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rumunsko">Rumunsku</a> vznikla prvá <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Ropn%C3%A1_rafin%C3%A9ria&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Ropná rafinéria (stránka neexistuje)">ropná rafinéria</a> na svete.</li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1858?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1858">1858</a>: Vynájdením a skonštruovaním <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Fonautograf&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Fonautograf (stránka neexistuje)">fonautografu</a> vzniklo prvé zariadenie na <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Z%C3%A1znam_a_reprodukcia_vzduchu&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Záznam a reprodukcia vzduchu (stránka neexistuje)">nahrávanie zvuku</a>.</li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1860?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1860">1860</a>: <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Swan&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Joseph Swan (stránka neexistuje)">Joseph Swan</a> vynašiel prvú elektrickú žiarovku.</li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1863?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1863">1863</a>: Bola dokončená a otvorená prvá časť <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lond%C3%BDnske_metro?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Londýnske metro">londýnskeho metra</a>.</li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1866?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1866">1866</a>: <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Transatlantick%C3%BD_telegrafn%C3%BD_k%C3%A1bel&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Transatlantický telegrafný kábel (stránka neexistuje)">Transatlantický telegrafný kábel</a> prepojil oba brehy Atlantiku.</li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1867?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1867">1867</a>: <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alfred_Nobel?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alfred Nobel">Alfred Nobel</a> vynašiel <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dynamit?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dynamit">dynamit</a>.</li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1869?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1869">1869</a>: 10. mája bola dokončená <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Prv%C3%A1_transkontinent%C3%A1lna_%C5%BEeleznica&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Prvá transkontinentálna železnica (stránka neexistuje)">prvá transkontinentálna železnica</a> v Spojených štátoch.</li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1870?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1870">1870</a>: Vynález <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Rasmus_Malling-Hansen&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Rasmus Malling-Hansen (stránka neexistuje)">Rasmusa Mallinga-Hansena</a>, známy ako <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Hansenov_p%C3%ADsac%C3%AD_st%C3%B4l&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Hansenov písací stôl (stránka neexistuje)">Hansenov písací stôl</a>, sa stal prvým komerčne predávaným písacím strojom.</li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1873?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1873">1873</a>: Začali sa vyrábať <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/D%C5%BE%C3%ADnsy?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Džínsy">modré džínsy</a> a <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ostnat%C3%BD_dr%C3%B4t?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ostnatý drôt">ostnatý drôt</a>.</li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1877?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1877">1877</a>: <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Thomas_Alva_Edison?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Thomas Alva Edison">Thomas Edison</a> vynašiel <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fonograf?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fonograf">fonograf</a>.</li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1878?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1878">1878</a>: Bola dokončená prvá komerčná telefónna ústredňa v <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/New_Haven_(Connecticut)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="New Haven (Connecticut)">New Haven</a>.</li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1879?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1879">1879</a>: <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Thomas_Alva_Edison?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Thomas Alva Edison">Thomas Edison</a> vylepšil <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C5%BDiarovka?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Žiarovka">žiarovku</a>.</li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1881?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1881">1881</a>: Vznikla prvá <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Elektr%C3%A1re%C5%88?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Elektráreň">elektráreň</a> a <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Distribu%C4%8Dn%C3%A1_s%C3%BAstava&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Distribučná sústava (stránka neexistuje)">rozvodná sieť</a> v <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Godalming&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Godalming (stránka neexistuje)">Godalmingu</a> v Británii.</li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1884?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1884">1884</a>: <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hiram_Stevens_Maxim?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hiram Stevens Maxim">Sir Hiram Maxim</a> vynašiel prvý samohybný <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gu%C4%BEomet?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Guľomet">guľomet</a>.</li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1885?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1885">1885</a>: Spoločnosť <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Singer_(firma)&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Singer (firma) (stránka neexistuje)">Singer</a> začala s výrobou modelu „<a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Singer_Model_27_a_127&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Singer Model 27 a 127 (stránka neexistuje)">Vibrating Shuttle</a>“, ktorý sa stal najobľúbenejším modelom <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C5%A0ijac%C3%AD_stroj?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Šijací stroj">šijacieho stroja</a>.</li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1886?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1886">1886</a>: <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Karl_Friedrich_Benz?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Karl Friedrich Benz">Karl Benz</a> predal prvý komerčný <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Automobil?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Automobil">automobil</a>.</li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1890?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1890">1890</a>: Bola vyrobená prvá <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Kart%C3%B3nov%C3%A1_krabica&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Kartónová krabica (stránka neexistuje)">kartónová krabica</a>.</li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1892?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1892">1892</a>: <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=John_Froelich&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="John Froelich (stránka neexistuje)">John Froelich</a> skonštruoval prvý benzínový <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Traktor?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Traktor">traktor</a>.</li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1894?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1894">1894</a>: <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Karl_Elsener&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Karl Elsener (stránka neexistuje)">Karl Elsener</a> vynašiel <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%C5%A0vaj%C4%8Diarsky_n%C3%B4%C5%BE&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Švajčiarsky nôž (stránka neexistuje)">švajčiarsky nôž</a>.</li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1894?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1894">1894</a>: Vznikla prvá <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gramof%C3%B3nov%C3%A1_plat%C5%88a?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gramofónová platňa">gramofónová nahrávka</a>.</li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1895?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1895">1895</a>: <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wilhelm_Conrad_R%C3%B6ntgen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen">Wilhelm Röntgen</a> vynašiel <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/R%C3%B6ntgenov%C3%A9_%C5%BEiarenie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Röntgenové žiarenie">röntgen</a>.</li> </ul> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Náboženstvo"><span id="N.C3.A1bo.C5.BEenstvo"></span>Náboženstvo</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=19._storo%C4%8Die&action=edit&section=17&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Upraviť sekciu: Náboženstvo" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>upraviť</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <ul> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1844?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1844">1844</a>: Perzský prorok <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/B%C3%A1b?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Báb">Báb</a> ohlásil svoje odhalenie dňa 23. mája a založil <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=B%C3%A1bizmus&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Bábizmus (stránka neexistuje)">bábizmus</a>. Oznámil svetu príchod „toho, ktorého zjaví Boh“. Je považovaný za predchodcu <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%E2%80%99_All%C3%A1h?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bahá’ Alláh">Bahá' Alláha</a>, zakladateľa <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahaizmus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bahaizmus">bahaizmu</a>.</li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1871?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1871">1871</a> – <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1878?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1878">1878</a>: V <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nemecko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nemecko">Nemecku</a> napadol <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Otto_von_Bismarck?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Otto von Bismarck">Otto von Bismarck</a> katolícku cirkev v <i><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Kulturkampf&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Kulturkampf (stránka neexistuje)">Kulturkampf</a></i> („Kultúrna vojna“).</li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1879?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1879">1879</a>: <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Mary_Baker_Eddy&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Mary Baker Eddy (stránka neexistuje)">Mary Baker Eddy</a> zakladá Cirkev Krista.</li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1889?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1889">1889</a>: <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Mirza_Ghulam_Ahmad&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Mirza Ghulam Ahmad (stránka neexistuje)">Mirza Ghulam Ahmad</a> zakladá <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ahmad%C3%ADja?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ahmadíja">moslimské spoločenstvo Ahmadíja</a>, reformnú sekciu islamu.</li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1891?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1891">1891</a>: Pápež <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lev_XIII.?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lev XIII.">Lev XIII.</a> vydal <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Encyklika?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Encyklika">encykliku</a> <i><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rerum_novarum?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rerum novarum">Rerum novarum</a></i>, prvý významný katolícky dokument o sociálnej spravodlivosti.</li> </ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/S%C3%BAbor:Beethoven.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Beethoven.jpg/220px-Beethoven.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="265" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1443"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 265px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Beethoven.jpg/220px-Beethoven.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="265" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Beethoven.jpg/330px-Beethoven.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Beethoven.jpg/440px-Beethoven.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ludwig_van_Beethoven?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ludwig van Beethoven">Ludwig van Beethoven</a>. </figcaption> </figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/S%C3%BAbor:Leo_Tolstoy01.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Leo_Tolstoy01.jpg/199px-Leo_Tolstoy01.jpg" decoding="async" width="199" height="266" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="1203"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 199px;height: 266px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Leo_Tolstoy01.jpg/199px-Leo_Tolstoy01.jpg" data-width="199" data-height="266" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Leo_Tolstoy01.jpg/298px-Leo_Tolstoy01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Leo_Tolstoy01.jpg/398px-Leo_Tolstoy01.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> Ruský spisovateľ <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lev_Nikolajevi%C4%8D_Tolstoj?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lev Nikolajevič Tolstoj">Lev Tolstoj</a>, autor románov <i><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Vojna_a_mier&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Vojna a mier (stránka neexistuje)">Vojna a mier</a></i> a <i><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Anna_Karenina&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Anna Karenina (stránka neexistuje)">Anna Karenina</a>.</i> </figcaption> </figure> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Kultúra"><span id="Kult.C3.BAra"></span>Kultúra</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=19._storo%C4%8Die&action=edit&section=18&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Upraviť sekciu: Kultúra" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>upraviť</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <ul> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1808?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1808">1808</a>: <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ludwig_van_Beethoven?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ludwig van Beethoven">Beethoven</a> skladal <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/5._symf%C3%B3nia_(Beethoven)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="5. symfónia (Beethoven)">5. symfóniu</a>.</li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1813?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1813">1813</a>: <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jane_Austenov%C3%A1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jane Austenová">Jane Austen</a> vydala román <i><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/P%C3%BDcha_a_predsudok?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pýcha a predsudok">Pýcha a predsudok</a></i>.</li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1818?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1818">1818</a>: <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mary_Shelleyov%C3%A1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mary Shelleyová">Mary Shelley</a> vydala román <i><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Frankenstein?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Frankenstein">Frankenstein</a></i>.</li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1819?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1819">1819</a>: <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/John_Keats?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="John Keats">John Keats</a> napísal svoje ódy z roku 1819.</li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1819?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1819">1819</a>: <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Th%C3%A9odore_G%C3%A9ricault?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Théodore Géricault">Théodore Géricault</a> maľoval svoje majstrovské dielo <i><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Vor_Med%C3%BAzy&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Vor Medúzy (stránka neexistuje)">Vor Medúzy</a></i> a vystavil ho vo francúzskom salóne z roku 1819 v <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Louvre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Louvre">Louvri</a>.</li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1824?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1824">1824</a>: Premiéra <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ludwig_van_Beethoven?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ludwig van Beethoven">Beethovenovej</a> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=9._symf%C3%B3nia_(Beethoven)&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="9. symfónia (Beethoven) (stránka neexistuje)">9. symfónie</a>.</li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1829?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1829">1829</a>: Premiéra <i><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Faust_(Goethe)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Faust (Goethe)">Faustu</a></i> od <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Johann_Wolfgang_von_Goethe?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Johann Wolfgang von Goethe">Johanna Wolfganga von Goetheho</a>.</li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1837?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1837">1837</a>: <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Charles_Dickens?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Charles Dickens">Charles Dickens</a> vydal román <i><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Oliver_Twist?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Oliver Twist">Oliver Twist</a></i>.</li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1841?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1841">1841</a>: <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ralph_Waldo_Emerson?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ralph Waldo Emerson">Ralph Waldo Emerson</a> vydal časopis <i><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Self-Reliance&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Self-Reliance (stránka neexistuje)">Self-Reliance</a></i>.</li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1845?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1845">1845</a>: <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Frederick_Douglass?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Frederick Douglass">Frederick Douglass</a> publikoval monografiu <i><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Pr%C3%ADbeh_%C5%BEivota_Fredericka_Douglassa,_americk%C3%A9ho_otroka&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Príbeh života Fredericka Douglassa, amerického otroka (stránka neexistuje)">Príbeh života Fredericka Douglassa, amerického otroka</a></i>.</li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1847?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1847">1847</a>: <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Sestry_Bront%C3%ABov%C3%A9&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Sestry Brontëové (stránka neexistuje)">Sestry Brontë</a> vydali romány <i><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jana_Eyrov%C3%A1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jana Eyrová">Jana Eyrová</a></i>, <i><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Na_veternej_h%C3%B4rke&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Na veternej hôrke (stránka neexistuje)">Wuthering Heights</a></i> a <i><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Agnes_Grayov%C3%A1&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Agnes Grayová (stránka neexistuje)">Agnes Gray</a></i>.</li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1849?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1849">1849</a>: <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Josiah_Henson&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Josiah Henson (stránka neexistuje)">Josiah Henson</a> publikoval <i><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%C5%BDivot_Josiaha_Hensona,_predt%C3%BDm_otroka,_teraz_obyvate%C4%BEa_Kanady,_ako_s%C3%A1m_hovor%C3%AD&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Život Josiaha Hensona, predtým otroka, teraz obyvateľa Kanady, ako sám hovorí (stránka neexistuje)">Život Josiaha Hensona, predtým otroka, teraz obyvateľa Kanady, ako sám hovorí</a></i>.</li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1851?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1851">1851</a>: <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Herman_Melville?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Herman Melville">Herman Melville</a> vydal román <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Biela_ve%C4%BEryba?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Biela veľryba">Biela veľryba</a>.</li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1851?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1851">1851</a>: <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sojourner_Truthov%C3%A1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sojourner Truthová">Sojourner Truthová</a> predniesla reč <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Nie_som_%C5%BEena_?&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Nie som žena ? (stránka neexistuje)">Nie som žena ?</a>.</li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1852?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1852">1852</a>: <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Harriet_Beecherov%C3%A1_Stowov%C3%A1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Harriet Beecherová Stowová">Harriet Beecher Stowe</a> vydala knihu <i><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Chal%C3%BApka_str%C3%BD%C4%8Dka_Toma&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Chalúpka strýčka Toma (stránka neexistuje)">Chalúpka strýčka Toma</a></i>.</li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1855?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1855">1855</a>: <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Walt_Whitman?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Walt Whitman">Walt Whitman</a> vydal prvé vydanie knihy <i><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Stebl%C3%A1_tr%C3%A1vy&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Steblá trávy (stránka neexistuje)">Steblá trávy</a></i>.</li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1855?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1855">1855</a>: <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Frederick_Douglass?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Frederick Douglass">Frederick Douglass</a> vydal prvé vydanie knihy <i><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Moje_otroctvo_a_moja_sloboda&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Moje otroctvo a moja sloboda (stránka neexistuje)">Moje otroctvo a moja sloboda</a></i>.</li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1862?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1862">1862</a>: <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Victor_Hugo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Victor Hugo">Victor Hugo</a> vydal knihu <i><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bed%C3%A1ri?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bedári">Bedári</a></i>.</li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1865?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1865">1865</a>: <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lewis_Carroll?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lewis Carroll">Lewis Carroll</a> vydal knihu <i><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alica_v_krajine_z%C3%A1zrakov_(kniha)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alica v krajine zázrakov (kniha)">Alica v krajine zázrakov</a></i>.</li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1869?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1869">1869</a>: <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lev_Nikolajevi%C4%8D_Tolstoj?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lev Nikolajevič Tolstoj">Lev Tolstoj</a> vydal román <i><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Vojna_a_mier&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Vojna a mier (stránka neexistuje)">Vojna a mier</a>.</i></li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1875?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1875">1875</a>: Premiéra opery <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Carmen_(opera)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Carmen (opera)">Carmen</a> od <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Georges_Bizet?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Georges Bizet">Georgesa Bizeta</a> v Paríži.</li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1876?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1876">1876</a>: <i><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Prste%C5%88_Nibelungov?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Prsteň Nibelungov">Prsteň Nibelungov</a></i> od <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Richard_Wagner?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Richard Wagner">Richarda Wagnera</a> sa prvýkrát predstavil v plnom rozsahu.</li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1883?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1883">1883</a>: <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Robert_Louis_Stevenson?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Robert Louis Stevenson">Robert Louis Stevenson</a> publikoval knihu <i><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Ostrov_pokladov&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Ostrov pokladov (stránka neexistuje)">Ostrov pokladov</a></i>.</li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1884?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1884">1884</a>: <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mark_Twain?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mark Twain">Mark Twain</a> publikoval román <i><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dobrodru%C5%BEstv%C3%A1_Huckleberryho_Finna?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dobrodružstvá Huckleberryho Finna">Dobrodružstvá Huckleberryho Finna</a>.</i></li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1886?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1886">1886</a>: <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Robert_Louis_Stevenson?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Robert Louis Stevenson">Robert Louis Stevenson</a> publikoval román <i><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Podivn%C3%BD_pr%C3%ADpad_Dr._Jekylla_a_p%C3%A1na_Hyda&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Podivný prípad Dr. Jekylla a pána Hyda (stránka neexistuje)">Podivný prípad Dr. Jekylla a pána Hyda</a></i>.</li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1887?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1887">1887</a>: <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Arthur_Conan_Doyle?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Arthur Conan Doyle">Sir Arthur Conan Doyle</a> publikoval svoj prvý príbeh <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sherlock Holmes">Sherlocka Holmesa</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%C5%A0t%C3%BAdia_v_%C4%8Dervenom&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Štúdia v červenom (stránka neexistuje)"><i>Štúdia v červenom</i></a>.</li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1889?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1889">1889</a>: <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vincent_van_Gogh?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vincent van Gogh">Vincent van Gogh</a> namaľoval <i><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Hviezdn%C3%A1_noc&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Hviezdná noc (stránka neexistuje)">Hviezdnu noc</a>.</i></li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1889?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1889">1889</a>: <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Moulin_Rouge?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Moulin Rouge">Moulin Rouge</a> bol v Paríži otvorený.</li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1892?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1892">1892</a>: <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Piotr_I%C4%BEji%C4%8D_%C4%8Cajkovskij?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Piotr Iľjič Čajkovskij">Čajkovského</a> premiéra <i><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lusk%C3%A1%C4%8Dik_(%C4%8Cajkovskij)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Luskáčik (Čajkovskij)">Luskáčika</a></i> v <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Petrohrad?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Petrohrad">Petrohrade</a>.</li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1894?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1894">1894</a>: <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rudyard_Kipling?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rudyard Kipling">Rudyard Kipling</a> vydal knihu <i><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kniha_d%C5%BEungl%C3%AD_(Kipling)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kniha džunglí (Kipling)">Kniha džunglí</a></i>.</li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1895?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1895">1895</a>: <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Oscar_Wilde?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Oscar Wilde">Oscar Wilde</a> a premiéra jeho hry <i><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Je_d%C3%B4le%C5%BEit%C3%A9_ma%C5%A5_Filipa&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Je dôležité mať Filipa (stránka neexistuje)">Je dôležité mať Filipa</a></i>.</li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1897?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1897">1897</a>: <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bram_Stoker?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bram Stoker">Bram Stoker</a> napísal román <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dracula_(rom%C3%A1n)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dracula (román)">Dracula</a>.</li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1900?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1900">1900</a>: <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Lyman_Frank_Baum&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Lyman Frank Baum (stránka neexistuje)">Lyman Frank Baum</a> vydal román <i><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%C4%8Carodejn%C3%ADk_z_krajiny_Oz&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Čarodejník z krajiny Oz (stránka neexistuje)">Čarodejník z krajiny Oz</a></i>.</li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Literatúra"><span id="Literat.C3.BAra"></span>Literatúra</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=19._storo%C4%8Die&action=edit&section=19&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Upraviť sekciu: Literatúra" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>upraviť</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/S%C3%BAbor:Ludovit_Stur.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Ludovit_Stur.jpg/177px-Ludovit_Stur.jpg" decoding="async" width="177" height="241" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1044" data-file-height="1422"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 177px;height: 241px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Ludovit_Stur.jpg/177px-Ludovit_Stur.jpg" data-width="177" data-height="241" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Ludovit_Stur.jpg/266px-Ludovit_Stur.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Ludovit_Stur.jpg/354px-Ludovit_Stur.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C4%BDudov%C3%ADt_%C5%A0t%C3%BAr?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ľudovít Štúr">Ľudovít Štúr</a>. </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/S%C3%BAbor:View_from_the_Window_at_Le_Gras,_Joseph_Nic%C3%A9phore_Ni%C3%A9pce.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/View_from_the_Window_at_Le_Gras%2C_Joseph_Nic%C3%A9phore_Ni%C3%A9pce.jpg/220px-View_from_the_Window_at_Le_Gras%2C_Joseph_Nic%C3%A9phore_Ni%C3%A9pce.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="153" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2597" data-file-height="1805"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 153px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/View_from_the_Window_at_Le_Gras%2C_Joseph_Nic%C3%A9phore_Ni%C3%A9pce.jpg/220px-View_from_the_Window_at_Le_Gras%2C_Joseph_Nic%C3%A9phore_Ni%C3%A9pce.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="153" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/View_from_the_Window_at_Le_Gras%2C_Joseph_Nic%C3%A9phore_Ni%C3%A9pce.jpg/330px-View_from_the_Window_at_Le_Gras%2C_Joseph_Nic%C3%A9phore_Ni%C3%A9pce.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/View_from_the_Window_at_Le_Gras%2C_Joseph_Nic%C3%A9phore_Ni%C3%A9pce.jpg/440px-View_from_the_Window_at_Le_Gras%2C_Joseph_Nic%C3%A9phore_Ni%C3%A9pce.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> Jedna z prvých fotografií, ktorú vytvoril <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nic%C3%A9phore_Ni%C3%A9pce?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nicéphore Niépce">Nicéphore Niépce</a> v roku 1826. </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/S%C3%BAbor:Nadar_autoportrait_tournant.gif?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Nadar_autoportrait_tournant.gif/220px-Nadar_autoportrait_tournant.gif" decoding="async" width="220" height="282" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="524" data-file-height="671"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 282px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Nadar_autoportrait_tournant.gif/220px-Nadar_autoportrait_tournant.gif" data-width="220" data-height="282" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Nadar_autoportrait_tournant.gif/330px-Nadar_autoportrait_tournant.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Nadar_autoportrait_tournant.gif/440px-Nadar_autoportrait_tournant.gif 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Nadar&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Nadar (stránka neexistuje)">Nadar</a> (1860). </figcaption> </figure> <p>Na literárnom fronte sa nové storočie začalo <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Romantizmus_(literat%C3%BAra)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Romantizmus (literatúra)">romantizmom</a>, hnutím, ktoré sa šírilo po celej Európe v reakcii na racionalizmus 18. storočia a vyvíja sa viac-menej v súlade s priemyselnou revolúciou s návrhom reagovať proti dramatickým zmenám spôsobeným prírodou pomocou parného motora a železnice. <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Wordsworth?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="William Wordsworth">William Wordsworth</a> a <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Samuel_Taylor_Coleridge?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Samuel Taylor Coleridge">Samuel Taylor Coleridge</a> sa považujú za iniciátorov novej školy v Anglicku, zatiaľ čo na kontinente nemecké hnutie <i><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sturm_und_Drang?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sturm und Drang">Sturm und Drang</a></i> rozširovalo svoj vplyv až do Talianska a Španielska. <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Napoleonsk%C3%A9_vojny?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Napoleonské vojny">Napoleonské vojny</a> brzdili francúzske umenie, avšak rýchlo sa rozvíjalo. <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Modernizmus_(literat%C3%BAra)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modernizmus (literatúra)">Modernizmus</a> sa začal.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/19._storo%C4%8Die?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Goncourts a <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89mile_Zola?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Émile Zola">Émile Zola</a> vo Francúzsku a <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Giovanni_Verga&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Giovanni Verga (stránka neexistuje)">Giovanni Verga</a> v Taliansku produkovali niektoré z najlepších prírodovedných románov. Talianske prírodovedné romány sú obzvlášť dôležité v tom, že dávajú sociálnu mapu nového zjednoteného Talianska ľuďom, ktorí dovtedy neboli dostatočne informovaní o svojej etnickej a kultúrnej rozmanitosti. Počas 19. storočia sa uskutočňoval obrovský literárny vzostup. Medzi najslávnejších spisovateľov patria Rusi <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alexandr_Sergejevi%C4%8D_Pu%C5%A1kin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alexandr Sergejevič Puškin">Alexandr Puškin</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nikolaj_Vasilievi%C4%8D_Gogo%C4%BE?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nikolaj Vasilievič Gogoľ">Nikolaj Gogoľ</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lev_Nikolajevi%C4%8D_Tolstoj?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lev Nikolajevič Tolstoj">Lev Tolstoj</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Anton_Pavlovi%C4%8D_%C4%8Cechov?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Anton Pavlovič Čechov">Anton Čechov</a> a <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fiodor_Michajlovi%C4%8D_Dostojevskij?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fiodor Michajlovič Dostojevskij">Fiodor Dostojevskij</a>; Angličania <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Charles_Dickens?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Charles Dickens">Charles Dickens</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/John_Keats?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="John Keats">John Keats</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Alfred_Tennyson&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Alfred Tennyson (stránka neexistuje)">Alfred Tennyson</a> a <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jane_Austenov%C3%A1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jane Austenová">Jane Austenová</a>; Škót <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Walter_Scott?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Walter Scott">sir Walter Scott</a>; Ír <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Oscar_Wilde?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Oscar Wilde">Oscar Wilde</a>; Američania <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Edgar_Allan_Poe?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edgar Allan Poe">Edgar Allan Poe</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ralph_Waldo_Emerson?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ralph Waldo Emerson">Ralph Waldo Emerson</a> a <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mark_Twain?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mark Twain">Mark Twain</a>; a Francúzi <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Victor_Hugo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Victor Hugo">Victor Hugo</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Honor%C3%A9_de_Balzac?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Honoré de Balzac">Honoré de Balzac</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jules_Verne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jules Verne">Jules Verne</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alexandre_Dumas_star%C5%A1%C3%AD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alexandre Dumas starší">Alexandre Dumas</a> a <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Charles_Baudelaire?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Charles Baudelaire">Charles Baudelaire</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/19._storo%C4%8Die?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Niektorí slovenskí literárni spisovatelia, básnici a novelisti boli: <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/J%C3%A1n_Botto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ján Botto">Ján Botto</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C4%BDudov%C3%ADt_%C5%A0t%C3%BAr?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ľudovít Štúr">Ľudovít Štúr</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Janko_Kr%C3%A1%C4%BE?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Janko Kráľ">Janko Kráľ</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Samo_Chalupka?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Samo Chalupka">Samo Chalúpka</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Janko_Mat%C3%BA%C5%A1ka?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Janko Matúška">Janko Matúška</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Michal_Miloslav_Hod%C5%BEa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Michal Miloslav Hodža">Michal Miloslav Hodža</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jon%C3%A1%C5%A1_Z%C3%A1borsk%C3%BD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jonáš Záborský">Jonáš Záborský</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pavol_Orsz%C3%A1gh_Hviezdoslav?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pavol Országh Hviezdoslav">Pavol Országh-Hviezdoslav</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jozef_Ign%C3%A1c_Bajza?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jozef Ignác Bajza">Jozef Ignác Bajza</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/J%C3%A1n_Koll%C3%A1r?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ján Kollár">Ján Kollár</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pavol_Jozef_%C5%A0af%C3%A1rik?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pavol Jozef Šafárik">Pavol Jozef Šafárik</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pavol_Dob%C5%A1insk%C3%BD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pavol Dobšinský">Pavol Dobšinský</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Martin_Kuku%C4%8D%C3%ADn?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Martin Kukučín">Martin Kukučín</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C4%BDudmila_Podjavorinsk%C3%A1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ľudmila Podjavorinská">Ľudmila Podjavorinská</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jozef_Gregor_Tajovsk%C3%BD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jozef Gregor Tajovský">Jozef Gregor-Tajovský</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bo%C5%BEena_Slan%C4%8D%C3%ADkov%C3%A1-Timrava?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Božena Slančíková-Timrava">Božena Slančíková-Timrava</a> a <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Svetoz%C3%A1r_Hurban-Vajansk%C3%BD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Svetozár Hurban-Vajanský">Svetozár Hurban-Vajanský</a>.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Fotografovanie">Fotografovanie</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=19._storo%C4%8Die&action=edit&section=20&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Upraviť sekciu: Fotografovanie" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>upraviť</span> </a> </span> </div> <ul> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Ottomar_Ansch%C3%BCtz&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Ottomar Anschütz (stránka neexistuje)">Ottomar Anschütz</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Chronofotografia&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Chronofotografia (stránka neexistuje)">chronofotografia</a>.</li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mathew_Brady?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mathew Brady">Mathew Brady</a> dokumentoval <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Americk%C3%A1_ob%C4%8Dianska_vojna?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Americká občianska vojna">americkú občiansku vojnu</a>.</li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Edward_Sheriff_Curtis&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Edward Sheriff Curtis (stránka neexistuje)">Edward S. Curtis</a> dokumentoval <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Z%C3%A1pad_(USA)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Západ (USA)">americký západ</a>, najmä <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Domorod%C3%AD_Ameri%C4%8Dania_v_Spojen%C3%BDch_%C5%A1t%C3%A1toch&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Domorodí Američania v Spojených štátoch (stránka neexistuje)">domorodých Američanov</a>.</li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Louis_Daguerre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Louis Daguerre">Louis Daguerre</a>, vynálezca <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dagerotypia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dagerotypia">daguerrotypického</a> procesu fotografie, chemik.</li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Eakins&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Thomas Eakins (stránka neexistuje)">Thomas Eakins</a>, priekopník pohybového fotografovania.</li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/George_Eastman?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="George Eastman">George Eastman</a>, vynálezca <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fotografick%C3%BD_film?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fotografický film">fotografického filmu</a>.</li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=H%C3%A9rcules_Florence&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Hércules Florence (stránka neexistuje)">Hércules Florence</a>, inovátor fotografie.</li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bratia_Lumi%C3%A8rovci?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bratia Lumièrovci">Auguste a Louis Lumièrovci</a>, priekopníci filmu, vynálezcovia.</li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%C3%89tienne-Jules_Marey&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Étienne-Jules Marey (stránka neexistuje)">Étienne-Jules Marey</a>, priekopník pohybového fotografovania, chronofotografia.</li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Eadweard_Muybridge&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Eadweard Muybridge (stránka neexistuje)">Eadweard Muybridge</a>, priekopník pohybovéhofotografovania, chronofotografia.</li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Nadar&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Nadar (stránka neexistuje)">Nadar</a> a.k.a. Gaspard-Félix Tournachon, portrétny fotograf.</li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nic%C3%A9phore_Ni%C3%A9pce?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nicéphore Niépce">Nicéphore Niépce</a>, priekopnícky vynálezca fotografie.</li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Louis_Le_Prince&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Louis Le Prince (stránka neexistuje)">Louis Le Prince</a>, vynálezca filmu a priekopník filmu.</li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sergej_Michajlovi%C4%8D_Prokudin-Gorskij?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sergej Michajlovič Prokudin-Gorskij">Sergej Prokudin-Gorskij</a>, chemik a fotograf.</li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=William_Fox_Talbot&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="William Fox Talbot (stránka neexistuje)">William Fox Talbot</a>, vynálezca negatívneho/pozitívneho fotografického procesu.</li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Vizuálni_umelci,_maliari,_sochári"><span id="Vizu.C3.A1lni_umelci.2C_maliari.2C_soch.C3.A1ri"></span>Vizuálni umelci, maliari, sochári</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=19._storo%C4%8Die&action=edit&section=21&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Upraviť sekciu: Vizuálni umelci, maliari, sochári" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>upraviť</span> </a> </span> </div> <dl> <dd> <div class="noprint"> <i>Bližšie informácie v hlavnom článku: <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dejiny_v%C3%BDtvarn%C3%A9ho_umenia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dejiny výtvarného umenia">Dejiny výtvarného umenia</a></i> </div> </dd> </dl> <p><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Realizmus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Realizmus">Realizmus</a> a <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Romantizmus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Romantizmus">romantizmus</a> začiatkom 19. storočia ustúpili <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Impresionizmus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Impresionizmus">impresionizmu</a> a <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Postimpresionizmus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Postimpresionizmus">postimpresionizmu</a> v neskoršej polovici storočia, pričom Paríž bol dominantným umeleckým hlavným mestom sveta. Medzi maliarmi 19. storočia boli:</p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/S%C3%BAbor:El_Tres_de_Mayo,_by_Francisco_de_Goya,_from_Prado_thin_black_margin.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/El_Tres_de_Mayo%2C_by_Francisco_de_Goya%2C_from_Prado_thin_black_margin.jpg/220px-El_Tres_de_Mayo%2C_by_Francisco_de_Goya%2C_from_Prado_thin_black_margin.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="170" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="29294" data-file-height="22626"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 170px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/El_Tres_de_Mayo%2C_by_Francisco_de_Goya%2C_from_Prado_thin_black_margin.jpg/220px-El_Tres_de_Mayo%2C_by_Francisco_de_Goya%2C_from_Prado_thin_black_margin.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="170" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/El_Tres_de_Mayo%2C_by_Francisco_de_Goya%2C_from_Prado_thin_black_margin.jpg/330px-El_Tres_de_Mayo%2C_by_Francisco_de_Goya%2C_from_Prado_thin_black_margin.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/El_Tres_de_Mayo%2C_by_Francisco_de_Goya%2C_from_Prado_thin_black_margin.jpg/440px-El_Tres_de_Mayo%2C_by_Francisco_de_Goya%2C_from_Prado_thin_black_margin.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Francisco_Goya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Francisco Goya">Francisco Goya</a>, <i><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Tret%C3%AD_m%C3%A1j_1808&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Tretí máj 1808 (stránka neexistuje)">Tretí máj 1808</a></i> (1814), <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Museo_del_Prado?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Museo del Prado">Museo del Prado</a>. </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/S%C3%BAbor:La_Libert%C3%A9_guidant_le_peuple_-_Eug%C3%A8ne_Delacroix_-_Mus%C3%A9e_du_Louvre_Peintures_RF_129_-_apr%C3%A8s_restauration_2024.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/La_Libert%C3%A9_guidant_le_peuple_-_Eug%C3%A8ne_Delacroix_-_Mus%C3%A9e_du_Louvre_Peintures_RF_129_-_apr%C3%A8s_restauration_2024.jpg/220px-La_Libert%C3%A9_guidant_le_peuple_-_Eug%C3%A8ne_Delacroix_-_Mus%C3%A9e_du_Louvre_Peintures_RF_129_-_apr%C3%A8s_restauration_2024.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="176" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="10128" data-file-height="8103"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 176px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/La_Libert%C3%A9_guidant_le_peuple_-_Eug%C3%A8ne_Delacroix_-_Mus%C3%A9e_du_Louvre_Peintures_RF_129_-_apr%C3%A8s_restauration_2024.jpg/220px-La_Libert%C3%A9_guidant_le_peuple_-_Eug%C3%A8ne_Delacroix_-_Mus%C3%A9e_du_Louvre_Peintures_RF_129_-_apr%C3%A8s_restauration_2024.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="176" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/La_Libert%C3%A9_guidant_le_peuple_-_Eug%C3%A8ne_Delacroix_-_Mus%C3%A9e_du_Louvre_Peintures_RF_129_-_apr%C3%A8s_restauration_2024.jpg/330px-La_Libert%C3%A9_guidant_le_peuple_-_Eug%C3%A8ne_Delacroix_-_Mus%C3%A9e_du_Louvre_Peintures_RF_129_-_apr%C3%A8s_restauration_2024.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/La_Libert%C3%A9_guidant_le_peuple_-_Eug%C3%A8ne_Delacroix_-_Mus%C3%A9e_du_Louvre_Peintures_RF_129_-_apr%C3%A8s_restauration_2024.jpg/440px-La_Libert%C3%A9_guidant_le_peuple_-_Eug%C3%A8ne_Delacroix_-_Mus%C3%A9e_du_Louvre_Peintures_RF_129_-_apr%C3%A8s_restauration_2024.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eug%C3%A8ne_Delacroix?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Eugène Delacroix">Eugène Delacroix</a>, <i><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sloboda_vedie_%C4%BEud_na_barik%C3%A1dy?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sloboda vedie ľud na barikády">Sloboda vedie ľud na barikády</a></i> (1830), <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Louvre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Louvre">Louvre</a>. </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/S%C3%BAbor:Vincent_van_Gogh_-_Self-Portrait_-_Google_Art_Project_(454045).jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Vincent_van_Gogh_-_Self-Portrait_-_Google_Art_Project_%28454045%29.jpg/220px-Vincent_van_Gogh_-_Self-Portrait_-_Google_Art_Project_%28454045%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="278" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4747" data-file-height="6000"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 278px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Vincent_van_Gogh_-_Self-Portrait_-_Google_Art_Project_%28454045%29.jpg/220px-Vincent_van_Gogh_-_Self-Portrait_-_Google_Art_Project_%28454045%29.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="278" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Vincent_van_Gogh_-_Self-Portrait_-_Google_Art_Project_%28454045%29.jpg/330px-Vincent_van_Gogh_-_Self-Portrait_-_Google_Art_Project_%28454045%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Vincent_van_Gogh_-_Self-Portrait_-_Google_Art_Project_%28454045%29.jpg/440px-Vincent_van_Gogh_-_Self-Portrait_-_Google_Art_Project_%28454045%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vincent_van_Gogh?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vincent van Gogh">Vincent van Gogh</a>, <i>autoportrét</i> (1887). </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/S%C3%BAbor:Tchaikovsky_by_Reutlinger.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Tchaikovsky_by_Reutlinger.jpg/220px-Tchaikovsky_by_Reutlinger.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="319" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1450"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 319px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Tchaikovsky_by_Reutlinger.jpg/220px-Tchaikovsky_by_Reutlinger.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="319" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Tchaikovsky_by_Reutlinger.jpg/330px-Tchaikovsky_by_Reutlinger.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Tchaikovsky_by_Reutlinger.jpg/440px-Tchaikovsky_by_Reutlinger.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Piotr_I%C4%BEji%C4%8D_%C4%8Cajkovskij?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Piotr Iľjič Čajkovskij">Piotr Iľjič Čajkovskij</a> (1888). </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/S%C3%BAbor:Peterburg,_Senate_Square,_1825,_dec._14.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Peterburg%2C_Senate_Square%2C_1825%2C_dec._14.jpg/220px-Peterburg%2C_Senate_Square%2C_1825%2C_dec._14.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1272"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 146px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Peterburg%2C_Senate_Square%2C_1825%2C_dec._14.jpg/220px-Peterburg%2C_Senate_Square%2C_1825%2C_dec._14.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="146" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Peterburg%2C_Senate_Square%2C_1825%2C_dec._14.jpg/330px-Peterburg%2C_Senate_Square%2C_1825%2C_dec._14.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Peterburg%2C_Senate_Square%2C_1825%2C_dec._14.jpg/440px-Peterburg%2C_Senate_Square%2C_1825%2C_dec._14.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Decembristick%C3%A9_povstanie&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Decembristické povstanie (stránka neexistuje)">Decembristi</a> na <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=N%C3%A1mestie_Sen%C3%A1tu_(Petrohrad)&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Námestie Senátu (Petrohrad) (stránka neexistuje)">námestí Senátu</a>. </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/S%C3%BAbor:Emigrants_Leave_Ireland_by_Henry_Doyle_1868.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Emigrants_Leave_Ireland_by_Henry_Doyle_1868.jpg/220px-Emigrants_Leave_Ireland_by_Henry_Doyle_1868.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2370" data-file-height="3161"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 293px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Emigrants_Leave_Ireland_by_Henry_Doyle_1868.jpg/220px-Emigrants_Leave_Ireland_by_Henry_Doyle_1868.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="293" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Emigrants_Leave_Ireland_by_Henry_Doyle_1868.jpg/330px-Emigrants_Leave_Ireland_by_Henry_Doyle_1868.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Emigrants_Leave_Ireland_by_Henry_Doyle_1868.jpg/440px-Emigrants_Leave_Ireland_by_Henry_Doyle_1868.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> Emigranti opúšťajúci <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%8Drsko_(ostrov)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Írsko (ostrov)">Írsko</a>. Od roku 1830 do roku 1914 odišlo do Spojených štátov takmer 5 miliónov írskych obyvateľov. </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/S%C3%BAbor:Samuel-Colt-copy.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Samuel-Colt-copy.jpg/220px-Samuel-Colt-copy.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="314" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="630" data-file-height="898"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 314px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Samuel-Colt-copy.jpg/220px-Samuel-Colt-copy.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="314" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Samuel-Colt-copy.jpg/330px-Samuel-Colt-copy.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Samuel-Colt-copy.jpg/440px-Samuel-Colt-copy.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Samuel_Colt?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Samuel Colt">Samuel Colt</a>. </figcaption> </figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r7792218">.mw-parser-output div.stlpce>ul,.mw-parser-output div.stlpce>ol{margin-top:unset}</style> <div class="stlpce" style="word-wrap: break-word; column-gap: 2em; -moz-column-gap: 2em; -webkit-column-gap: 2em; column-count: 3; -moz-column-count: 3; -webkit-column-count: 3;"> <ul> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ivan_Konstantinovi%C4%8D_Ajvazovskij?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ivan Konstantinovič Ajvazovskij">Ivan Konstantinovič Ajvazovskij</a></li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=L%C3%A9on_Bakst&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Léon Bakst (stránka neexistuje)">Léon Bakst</a></li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Albert_Bierstadt&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Albert Bierstadt (stránka neexistuje)">Albert Bierstadt</a></li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Blake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="William Blake">William Blake</a></li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Arnold_B%C3%B6cklin&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Arnold Böcklin (stránka neexistuje)">Arnold Böcklin</a></li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Rosa_Bonheur&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Rosa Bonheur (stránka neexistuje)">Rosa Bonheur</a></li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=William_Burges&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="William Burges (stránka neexistuje)">William Burges</a></li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mary_Cassatt?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Mary Cassatt">Mary Cassatt</a></li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Camille_Claudel&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Camille Claudel (stránka neexistuje)">Camille Claudel</a></li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Paul_C%C3%A9zanne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Paul Cézanne">Paul Cézanne</a></li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Frederic_Edwin_Church&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Frederic Edwin Church (stránka neexistuje)">Frederic Edwin Church</a></li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Cole&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Thomas Cole (stránka neexistuje)">Thomas Cole</a></li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jan_Matejko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jan Matejko">Jan Matejko</a></li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=John_Constable&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="John Constable (stránka neexistuje)">John Constable</a></li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Camille_Corot&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Camille Corot (stránka neexistuje)">Camille Corot</a></li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gustave_Courbet?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gustave Courbet">Gustave Courbet</a></li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Honor%C3%A9_Daumier&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Honoré Daumier (stránka neexistuje)">Honoré Daumier</a></li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Edgar_Degas?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edgar Degas">Edgar Degas</a></li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eug%C3%A8ne_Delacroix?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Eugène Delacroix">Eugène Delacroix</a></li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Eakins&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Thomas Eakins (stránka neexistuje)">Thomas Eakins</a></li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Caspar_David_Friedrich&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Caspar David Friedrich (stránka neexistuje)">Caspar David Friedrich</a></li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Paul_Gauguin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Paul Gauguin">Paul Gauguin</a></li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Th%C3%A9odore_G%C3%A9ricault?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Théodore Géricault">Théodore Géricault</a></li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vincent_van_Gogh?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vincent van Gogh">Vincent van Gogh</a></li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Morris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="William Morris">William Morris</a></li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Francisco_Goya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Francisco Goya">Francisco Goya</a></li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=And%C5%8D_Hiro%C5%A1ige&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Andō Hirošige (stránka neexistuje)">Andō Hirošige</a></li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hokusai?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Hokusai">Hokusai</a></li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Winslow_Homer&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Winslow Homer (stránka neexistuje)">Winslow Homer</a></li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Jean-Auguste-Dominique_Ingres&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres (stránka neexistuje)">Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres</a></li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Isaac_Levitan&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Isaac Levitan (stránka neexistuje)">Isaac Levitan</a></li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89douard_Manet?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Édouard Manet">Édouard Manet</a></li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Claude_Monet?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Claude Monet">Claude Monet</a></li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gustave_Moreau?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gustave Moreau">Gustave Moreau</a></li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Berthe_Morisot&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Berthe Morisot (stránka neexistuje)">Berthe Morisot</a></li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Edvard_Munch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edvard Munch">Edvard Munch</a></li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Michail_Vasilievi%C4%8D_Nesterov?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Michail Vasilievič Nesterov">Michail Vasilievič Nesterov</a></li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Camille_Pissarro?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Camille Pissarro">Camille Pissarro</a></li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Augustus_Pugin&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Augustus Pugin (stránka neexistuje)">Augustus Pugin</a></li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Pierre-Auguste_Renoir&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Pierre-Auguste Renoir (stránka neexistuje)">Pierre-Auguste Renoir</a></li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ilia_Jefimovi%C4%8D_Repin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ilia Jefimovič Repin">Ilia Jefimovič Repin</a></li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Auguste_Rodin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Auguste Rodin">Auguste Rodin</a></li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Albert_Pinkham_Ryder&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Albert Pinkham Ryder (stránka neexistuje)">Albert Pinkham Ryder</a></li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/John_Singer_Sargent?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="John Singer Sargent">John Singer Sargent</a></li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Valentin_Alexandrovi%C4%8D_Serov&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Valentin Alexandrovič Serov (stránka neexistuje)">Valentin Alexandrovič Serov</a></li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Georges_Seurat&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Georges Seurat (stránka neexistuje)">Georges Seurat</a></li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ivan_Ivanovi%C4%8D_%C5%A0i%C5%A1kin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ivan Ivanovič Šiškin">Ivan Ivanovič Šiškin</a></li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vasilij_Ivanovi%C4%8D_Surikov?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vasilij Ivanovič Surikov">Vasilij Ivanovič Surikov</a></li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/James_Tissot?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="James Tissot">James Tissot</a></li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Henri_de_Toulouse-Lautrec?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec">Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec</a></li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Mallord_William_Turner&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Joseph Mallord William Turner (stránka neexistuje)">Joseph Mallord William Turner</a></li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Viktor_Vasnetsov&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Viktor Vasnetsov (stránka neexistuje)">Viktor Vasnetsov</a></li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eug%C3%A8ne_Viollet-le-Duc?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Eugène Viollet-le-Duc">Eugène Viollet-le-Duc</a></li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Michail_Vrubel&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Michail Vrubel (stránka neexistuje)">Michail Vrubel</a></li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=James_Abbott_McNeill_Whistler&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="James Abbott McNeill Whistler (stránka neexistuje)">James Abbott McNeill Whistler</a></li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Tsukioka_Jo%C5%A1ito%C5%A1i&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Tsukioka Jošitoši (stránka neexistuje)">Tsukioka Jošitoši</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Hudba">Hudba</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=19._storo%C4%8Die&action=edit&section=22&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Upraviť sekciu: Hudba" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>upraviť</span> </a> </span> </div> <dl> <dd> <div class="noprint"> <i>Bližšie informácie v článkoch: <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Romantizmus_(hudba)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Romantizmus (hudba)">Romantizmus (hudba)</a> a <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Romantizmus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Romantizmus">Romantizmus</a></i> </div> </dd> </dl> <p><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Son%C3%A1tov%C3%A1_forma?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sonátová forma">Sonátová forma</a> dozrievala počas klasickej éry a stala sa primárnou formou inštrumentálnych skladieb v priebehu 19. storočia. Väčšina hudby z 19. storočia bola označovaná ako <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Romantizmus_(hudba)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Romantizmus (hudba)">romantická</a>. Počas tejto éry žilo mnoho veľkých skladateľov, ako napríklad <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ludwig_van_Beethoven?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ludwig van Beethoven">Ludwig van Beethoven</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Franz_Liszt?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Franz Liszt">Franz Liszt</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fryderyk_Chopin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fryderyk Chopin">Fryderyk Chopin</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Piotr_I%C4%BEji%C4%8D_%C4%8Cajkovskij?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Piotr Iľjič Čajkovskij">Piotr Iljič Čajkovskij</a> a <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Richard_Wagner?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Richard Wagner">Richard Wagner</a>. Zoznam obsahuje:</p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r7792218"> <div class="stlpce" style="word-wrap: break-word; column-gap: 2em; -moz-column-gap: 2em; -webkit-column-gap: 2em; column-count: 3; -moz-column-count: 3; -webkit-column-count: 3;"> <ul> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Milij_Alexejevi%C4%8D_Balakirev?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Milij Alexejevič Balakirev">Milij Alexejevič Balakirev</a></li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ludwig_van_Beethoven?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ludwig van Beethoven">Ludwig van Beethoven</a></li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hector_Berlioz?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hector Berlioz">Hector Berlioz</a></li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Georges_Bizet?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Georges Bizet">Georges Bizet</a></li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alexander_Borodin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexander Borodin">Alexander Borodin</a></li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Johannes_Brahms?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Johannes Brahms">Johannes Brahms</a></li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Anton_Bruckner?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Anton Bruckner">Anton Bruckner</a></li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fryderyk_Chopin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fryderyk Chopin">Fryderyk Chopin</a></li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Claude_Debussy?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Claude Debussy">Claude Debussy</a></li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Anton%C3%ADn_Dvo%C5%99%C3%A1k?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Antonín Dvořák">Antonín Dvořák</a></li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Michail_Ivanovi%C4%8D_Glinka?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Michail Ivanovič Glinka">Michail Ivanovič Glinka</a></li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Edvard_Grieg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edvard Grieg">Edvard Grieg</a></li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Scott_Joplin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Scott Joplin">Scott Joplin</a></li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Alexandre_Levy&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Alexandre Levy (stránka neexistuje)">Alexandre Levy</a></li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Franz_Liszt?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Franz Liszt">Franz Liszt</a></li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gustav_Mahler?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gustav Mahler">Gustav Mahler</a></li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Felix_Mendelssohn?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Felix Mendelssohn">Felix Mendelssohn</a></li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Modest_Petrovi%C4%8D_Musorgskij?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modest Petrovič Musorgskij">Modest Petrovič Musorgskij</a></li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jacques_Offenbach?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jacques Offenbach">Jacques Offenbach</a></li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Niccol%C3%B2_Paganini?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Niccolò Paganini">Niccolò Paganini</a></li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nikolaj_Andrejevi%C4%8D_Rimskij-Korsakov?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nikolaj Andrejevič Rimskij-Korsakov">Nikolaj Andrejevič Rimskij-Korsakov</a></li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gioacchino_Rossini?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gioacchino Rossini">Gioacchino Rossini</a></li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Anton_Grigorievi%C4%8D_Rubin%C5%A1tejn?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Anton Grigorievič Rubinštejn">Anton Grigorievič Rubinštejn</a></li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Camille_Saint-Sa%C3%ABns?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Camille Saint-Saëns">Camille Saint-Saëns</a></li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Antonio_Salieri?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Antonio Salieri">Antonio Salieri</a></li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Franz_Schubert?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Franz Schubert">Franz Schubert</a></li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Robert_Schumann?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Robert Schumann">Robert Schumann</a></li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alexandr_Nikolajevi%C4%8D_Skriabin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alexandr Nikolajevič Skriabin">Alexandr Nikolajevič Skriabin</a></li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Arthur_Sullivan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Arthur Sullivan">Arthur Sullivan</a></li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Piotr_I%C4%BEji%C4%8D_%C4%8Cajkovskij?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Piotr Iľjič Čajkovskij">Piotr Iľjič Čajkovskij</a></li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Giuseppe_Verdi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Giuseppe Verdi">Giuseppe Verdi</a></li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Richard_Wagner?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Richard Wagner">Richard Wagner</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Šport"><span id=".C5.A0port"></span>Šport</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=19._storo%C4%8Die&action=edit&section=23&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Upraviť sekciu: Šport" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>upraviť</span> </a> </span> </div> <ul> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1872?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1872">1872</a>: Hralo sa prvé uznávané medzinárodné <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Futbal?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Futbal">futbalové</a> stretnutie medzi <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Anglicko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Anglicko">Anglickom</a> a <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C5%A0k%C3%B3tsko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Škótsko">Škótskom</a>.</li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1877?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1877">1877</a>: Odohral sa prvý testovací <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kriket?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kriket">kriketový</a> zápas medzi <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Anglicko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Anglicko">Anglickom</a> a <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Austr%C3%A1lia_(%C5%A1t%C3%A1t)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Austrália (štát)">Austráliou</a>.</li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1891?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1891">1891</a>: <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/James_Naismith?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="James Naismith">James Naismith</a> vynašiel <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Basketbal?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Basketbal">basketbal</a>.</li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1895?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1895">1895</a>: Bol vynájdený <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Volejbal?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Volejbal">volejbal</a>.</li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1896?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1896">1896</a>: Odohrali sa <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Letn%C3%A9_olympijsk%C3%A9_hry_1896?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Letné olympijské hry 1896">Olympijské hry</a> v <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/At%C3%A9ny?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Atény">Aténách</a>.</li> </ul> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Udalosti">Udalosti</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=19._storo%C4%8Die&action=edit&section=24&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Upraviť sekciu: Udalosti" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>upraviť</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="1801_–_1850"><span id="1801_.E2.80.93_1850"></span>1801 – 1850</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=19._storo%C4%8Die&action=edit&section=25&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Upraviť sekciu: 1801 – 1850" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>upraviť</span> </a> </span> </div> <ul> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1801?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1801">1801</a>: <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kr%C3%A1%C4%BEovstvo_Ve%C4%BEkej_Brit%C3%A1nie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kráľovstvo Veľkej Británie">Kráľovstvo Veľkej Británie</a> a <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%8Drske_kr%C3%A1%C4%BEovstvo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Írske kráľovstvo">Írske kráľovstvo</a> sa zlúčili a vytvorili <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Spojen%C3%A9_kr%C3%A1%C4%BEovstvo_Ve%C4%BEkej_Brit%C3%A1nie_a_%C3%8Drska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spojené kráľovstvo Veľkej Británie a Írska">Spojené kráľovstvo</a>.</li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1803?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1803">1803</a>: <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=William_Symington&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="William Symington (stránka neexistuje)">William Symington</a> demonštroval svoj parník <i><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Charlotte_Dundas&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Charlotte Dundas (stránka neexistuje)">Charlotte Dundas</a></i> ako „prvý praktický parný čln“.</li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1803?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1803">1803</a>: <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wahh%C3%A1bizmus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wahhábizmus">Wahhábovia</a> prvého saudského štátu obsadzujú <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mekka?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mekka">Mekku</a> a <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Medina?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Medina">Medinu</a>.</li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1804?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1804">1804</a>: <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Franti%C5%A1ek_II._(Sv%C3%A4t%C3%A1_r%C3%ADmska_r%C3%AD%C5%A1a)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="František II. (Svätá rímska ríša)">František II.</a> založil <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rak%C3%BAske_cis%C3%A1rstvo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rakúske cisárstvo">Rakúske cisárstvo</a>.</li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1804?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1804">1804</a>: <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Svetov%C3%A1_popul%C3%A1cia&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Svetová populácia (stránka neexistuje)">Svetová populácia</a> presiahla 1 miliardu.</li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1805?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1805">1805</a>: <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bitka_pri_Trafalgare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bitka pri Trafalgare">Bitka pri Trafalgare</a> eliminovala francúzske a španielske námorné flotily a umožnila britskú dominanciu na mori, čo bolo hlavným faktorom úspechu <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Britsk%C3%A9_imp%C3%A9rium?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Britské impérium">britského impéria</a> neskôr v tomto storočí.</li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1805?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1805">1805</a> – <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1848?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1848">1848</a>: <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Muhammad_Ali_Pa%C5%A1a&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Muhammad Ali Paša (stránka neexistuje)">Muhammad Ali</a> modernizoval <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Egypt?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Egypt">Egypt</a>.</li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1810?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1810">1810</a>: Bola založená <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Humboldt-Universit%C3%A4t_zu_Berlin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin">Univerzita v Berlíne</a>. Medzi jej študentov patrili <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Georg_Wilhelm_Friedrich_Hegel?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel">Hegel</a>, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Karl_Marx?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Karl Marx">Marx</a> a <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Otto_von_Bismarck?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Otto von Bismarck">Bismarck</a>. Nemecká univerzitná reforma sa ukázala byť tak úspešná, že jej model bol kopírovaný po celom svete.</li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1814?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1814">1814</a>: <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1._febru%C3%A1r?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1. február">1. februára</a> vybuchla sopka <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mayon?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mayon">Mayon</a>.</li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1815?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1815">1815</a>: V apríli vybuchla sopka <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tambora_(sopka)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tambora (sopka)">Tambora</a> na ostrove <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Sumbawa&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Sumbawa (stránka neexistuje)">Sumbawa</a>, stala sa najväčšou <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Typy_sope%C4%8Dn%C3%BDch_erupci%C3%AD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Typy sopečných erupcií">sopečnou erupciou</a> v <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Zaznamenan%C3%A1_hist%C3%B3ria&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Zaznamenaná história (stránka neexistuje)">zaznamenanej histórii</a>, zničila <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Tamborsk%C3%A1_kult%C3%BAra&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Tamborská kultúra (stránka neexistuje)">tamborskú kultúru</a> a zabila najmenej 71 000 ľudí, vrátane následkov. Táto erupcia spôsobila <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Podnebie_(kl%C3%ADma)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Podnebie (klíma)">globálne klimatické</a> anomálie známe ako „<a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sope%C4%8Dn%C3%A1_zima?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Sopečná zima">sopečná zima</a>“.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/19._storo%C4%8Die?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1816?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1816">1816</a>: <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Rok_bez_leta&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Rok bez leta (stránka neexistuje)">Rok bez leta</a>: Neobvykle chladné podmienky spôsobili chaos na celej severnej pologuli, pravdepodobne ovplyvnené výbuchom <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tambora_(sopka)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tambora (sopka)">sopky Tambora</a> z roku 1815.</li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1816?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1816">1816</a> – <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1828?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1828">1828</a>: <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C5%A0aka?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Šaka">Šakov</a> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zulusk%C3%BD_%C5%A1t%C3%A1t?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Zuluský štát">Zuluský štát</a> sa stal najväčším v <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ju%C5%BEn%C3%A1_Afrika_(regi%C3%B3n)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Južná Afrika (región)">južnej Afrike</a>.</li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1819?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1819">1819</a>: Moderné mesto <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Singapur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Singapur">Singapur</a> založila <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Britsk%C3%A1_v%C3%BDchodoindick%C3%A1_spolo%C4%8Dnos%C5%A5?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Britská východoindická spoločnosť">Britská východoindická spoločnosť</a>.</li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1820?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1820">1820</a>: Bola objavená <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Antarkt%C3%ADda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Antarktída">Antarktída</a>.</li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1820?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1820">1820</a>: Bola založená <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lib%C3%A9ria?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Libéria">Libéria</a> <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Americk%C3%A1_koloniza%C4%8Dn%C3%A1_spolo%C4%8Dnos%C5%A5&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Americká kolonizačná spoločnosť (stránka neexistuje)">Americkou kolonizačnou spoločnosťou</a> pre oslobodených amerických otrokov.</li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1820?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1820">1820</a>: Koniec <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Mar%C3%A1thsk%C3%A1_r%C3%AD%C5%A1a&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Maráthská ríša (stránka neexistuje)">Maráthskej ríše</a>.</li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1821?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1821">1821</a> – <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1823?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1823">1823</a>: <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Prv%C3%A1_mexick%C3%A1_r%C3%AD%C5%A1a?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Prvá mexická ríša">Prvá mexická ríša</a>, prvá vláda po nezávislosti Mexika, vládol jej mexický cisár <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Agust%C3%ADn_de_Iturbide?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Agustín de Iturbide">Agustín I.</a></li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1823?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1823">1823</a>: Vyhlásenie <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Monroeova_doktr%C3%ADna?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Monroeova doktrína">Monroeovej doktríny</a> prezidentom Spojených štátov, <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/James_Monroe?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="James Monroe">Jamesom Monroeom</a>.</li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1825?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1825">1825</a>: <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Decembristick%C3%A9_povstanie&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Decembristické povstanie (stránka neexistuje)">Decembristické povstanie</a>.</li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1829?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1829">1829</a>: <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Robert_Peel&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Robert Peel (stránka neexistuje)">Sir Robert Peel</a> založil <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Metropolitn%C3%A1_policajn%C3%A1_slu%C5%BEba&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Metropolitná policajná služba (stránka neexistuje)">Metropolitnú policajnú službu</a>, prvý moderný policajný zbor.</li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1830?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1830">1830</a>: Anglo-ruské súperenie o Afganistan, tzv. <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ve%C4%BEk%C3%A1_hra?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Veľká hra">Veľká hra</a>, ktorá sa začala a skončila v roku 1895.</li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1831?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1831">1831</a>: Novembrové povstanie skončilo poľskou <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Bitka_pri_Var%C5%A1ave_(1831)&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Bitka pri Varšave (1831) (stránka neexistuje)">bitkou pri Varšave</a>.</li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1832?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1832">1832</a>: Britský parlament schválil <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Reformn%C3%BD_z%C3%A1kon_(1832)&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Reformný zákon (1832) (stránka neexistuje)">zákon o veľkej reforme</a>.</li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1834?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1834">1834</a> – <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1859?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1859">1859</a>: Povstanie <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Im%C3%A1m_%C5%A0ami%C4%BE?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Imám Šamiľ">Imáma Šamiľa</a> na Rusku okupovanom <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kaukaz_(geografick%C3%A1_oblas%C5%A5)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kaukaz (geografická oblasť)">Kaukaze</a>.</li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1835?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1835">1835</a> – <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1836?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1836">1836</a>: <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Texask%C3%A1_revol%C3%BAcia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Texaská revolúcia">Texaská revolúcia</a> v Mexiku vyústila do krátkodobej <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Texask%C3%A1_republika?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Texaská republika">Texaskej republiky</a>.</li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1836?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1836">1836</a>: <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Samuel_Colt?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Samuel Colt">Samuel Colt</a> popularizoval <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Revolver?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Revolver">revolver</a> a založil strelnú spoločnosť na výrobu svojho vynálezu revolvera <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Colt_Paterson&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Colt Paterson (stránka neexistuje)">Colt Paterson</a>, strelnej zbrane so šiestimi nábojmi, strieľaných postupne, bez manuálneho nabíjania.</li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1837?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1837">1837</a> – <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1838?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1838">1838</a>: <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Povstania_v_rokoch_1837_%E2%80%93_1838&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Povstania v rokoch 1837 – 1838 (stránka neexistuje)">Povstania v roku 1837</a> v <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kanada?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kanada">Kanade</a>.</li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1838?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1838">1838</a>: Do tejto doby bolo nútene premiestnených 46 000 domorodých Američanov na <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Cesta_s%C4%BAz&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Cesta sĺz (stránka neexistuje)">Cestu sĺz</a>.</li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1839?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1839">1839</a> – <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1860?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1860">1860</a>: Po <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Prv%C3%A1_%C3%B3piov%C3%A1_vojna?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Prvá ópiová vojna">prvej</a> a <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Druh%C3%A1_%C3%B3piov%C3%A1_vojna?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Druhá ópiová vojna">druhej ópiovej vojne</a> získali Francúzsko, Veľká Británia, Spojené štáty a Rusko veľa obchodných a súvisiacich ústupkov od Číny, čo viedlo k začiatku úpadku <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C4%8Cching?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Čching">dynastie Čching</a>.</li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1839?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1839">1839</a> – <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1919?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1919">1919</a>: <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Tretia_britsko-afgansk%C3%A1_vojna&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Tretia britsko-afganská vojna (stránka neexistuje)">Anglo-afganské vojny</a> viedli k patovej situácii a vytvoreniu <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Durandova_l%C3%ADnia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Durandova línia">Durandovej línie</a>.</li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1842?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1842">1842</a>: <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nankinsk%C3%A1_zmluva?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nankinská zmluva">Nankinská zmluva</a> prenechala <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hongkong?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hongkong">Hongkong</a> Britom.</li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1843?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1843">1843</a>: Prvý vlak s vagónmi vychádzal z <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Missouri_(%C5%A1t%C3%A1t_USA)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Missouri (štát USA)">Missouri</a>.</li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1844?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1844">1844</a>: <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Rochdalsk%C3%A9_dru%C5%BEstvo_poctiv%C3%BDch_pionierov&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Rochdalské družstvo poctivých pionierov (stránka neexistuje)">Rochdalské družstvo poctivých pionierov</a> zaviedlo to, čo sa považuje za prvé <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dru%C5%BEstvo_(ekon%C3%B3mia)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Družstvo (ekonómia)">družstvo</a> na svete.</li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1845?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1845">1845</a> – <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1849?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1849">1849</a>: <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ve%C4%BEk%C3%BD_%C3%ADrsky_hladomor?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Veľký írsky hladomor">Írsky zemiakový hladomor</a> viedol k <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Drska_diasp%C3%B3ra&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Írska diaspóra (stránka neexistuje)">írskej diaspóre</a>.</li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1848?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1848">1848</a>: Bol publikovaný <i><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Manifest_komunistickej_strany?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Manifest komunistickej strany">Manifest komunistickej strany</a>.</i></li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1848?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1848">1848</a>: <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Konferencia_v_Seneca_Falls?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Konferencia v Seneca Falls">Konferencia v Seneca Falls</a> bola prvou konferenciou o <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C5%BDensk%C3%A9_pr%C3%A1va?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ženské práva">právach žien</a> v Spojených štátoch a viedla k <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Volebn%C3%A9_pr%C3%A1vo_%C5%BEien_v_Spojen%C3%BDch_%C5%A1t%C3%A1toch&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Volebné právo žien v Spojených štátoch (stránka neexistuje)">boju o volebné právo žien</a>.</li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1848?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1848">1848</a> – <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1858?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1858">1858</a>: <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Kalifornsk%C3%A1_zlat%C3%A1_hor%C3%BA%C4%8Dka&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Kalifornská zlatá horúčka (stránka neexistuje)">Kalifornská zlatá horúčka</a>.</li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1849?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1849">1849</a>: Prvý zaznamenaný <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Leteck%C3%BD_n%C3%A1let?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Letecký nálet">nálet</a>, kedy Rakúsko využilo <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Hist%C3%B3ria_leteck%C3%BDch_dopravn%C3%BDch_prostriedkov_bez_pos%C3%A1dky&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="História leteckých dopravných prostriedkov bez posádky (stránka neexistuje)">200 balónov</a> na doručenie munície proti <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ben%C3%A1tky?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Benátky">Benátkam</a>.</li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1850?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1850">1850</a>: <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mal%C3%A1_%C4%BEadov%C3%A1_doba?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Malá ľadová doba">Malá ľadová doba</a> sa skončila niekedy v tomto čase.</li> <li><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1850?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1850">1850</a>: <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Franz_Hermann_Schulze-Delitzsch&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Franz Hermann Schulze-Delitzsch (stránka neexistuje)">Franz Hermann Schulze-Delitzsch</a> založil prvú <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Dru%C5%BEstevn%C3%A9_bankovn%C3%ADctvo&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Družstevné bankovníctvo (stránka neexistuje)">družstevnú finančnú inštitúciu</a>.</li> </ul> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Referencie">Referencie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=19._storo%C4%8Die&action=edit&section=26&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Upraviť sekciu: Referencie" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>upraviť</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/19._storo%C4%8Die?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal"> Call for abstracts. <i>De Verpleegkundig Specialist</i>, 2015-04, roč. 10, čís. 1, s. 25–25. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40884-015-0009-1">Dostupné online</a> [cit. 2020-04-23]. <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISSN?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ISSN">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://worldcat.org/issn/2352-8605">2352-8605</a>. <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_Object_Identifier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Digital Object Identifier">DOI</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://dx.doi.org/10.1007%252Fs40884-015-0009-1">10.1007/s40884-015-0009-1</a>. </cite></span></li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/19._storo%C4%8Die?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal">HARRIS, M.. Let there be light [incandescent lamp]. <i>Engineering & Technology</i>, 2009-11-21, roč. 4, čís. 20, s. 18–21. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://dx.doi.org/10.1049/et.2009.2001">Dostupné online</a> [cit. 2020-04-23]. <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISSN?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ISSN">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://worldcat.org/issn/1750-9637">1750-9637</a>. <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_Object_Identifier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Digital Object Identifier">DOI</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://dx.doi.org/10.1049%252Fet.2009.2001">10.1049/et.2009.2001</a>. </cite></span></li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/19._storo%C4%8Die?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal"> <i>Encyclopaedia Britannica</i> [online]. Lexikon des gesamten Buchwesens Online, [cit. 2020-04-23]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789004337862_lgbo_com_050367">Dostupné online.</a> </cite></span></li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/19._storo%C4%8Die?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal">ADKINS, Lucille A.. <i>Women's Movement, United States, 19th Century</i>. Oxford, UK : John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2009-04-20. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781405198073.wbierp1600">Dostupné online.</a> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C5%A0peci%C3%A1lne:Kni%C5%BEn%C3%A9Zdroje/978-1-4051-9807-3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Špeciálne:KnižnéZdroje/978-1-4051-9807-3">ISBN <span class="ISBN">978-1-4051-9807-3</span></a></span>. S. 1–10. </cite></span></li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/19._storo%C4%8Die?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal"> <i>Dodge, John Vilas, (25 Sept. 1909–23 April 1991), Senior Editorial Consultant, Encyclopædia Britannica, since 1972; Chairman, Board of Editors, Encyclopædia Britannica Publishers, since 1977</i>. [s.l.] : Oxford University Press, 2007-12-01. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.u172122">Dostupné online.</a> </cite></span></li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/19._storo%C4%8Die?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal"> <i>Claude E. Shannon</i>. [s.l.] : IEEE, 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://dx.doi.org/10.1109/9780470544242.ch14">Dostupné online.</a> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C5%A0peci%C3%A1lne:Kni%C5%BEn%C3%A9Zdroje/978-0-470-54424-2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Špeciálne:KnižnéZdroje/978-0-470-54424-2">ISBN <span class="ISBN">978-0-470-54424-2</span></a></span>. </cite></span></li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/19._storo%C4%8Die?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal"> NETWATCH: Botany's Wayback Machine. <i>Science</i>, 2007-06-15, roč. 316, čís. 5831, s. 1547d–1547d. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.316.5831.1547d">Dostupné online</a> [cit. 2020-04-23]. <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISSN?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ISSN">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://worldcat.org/issn/0036-8075">0036-8075</a>. <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_Object_Identifier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Digital Object Identifier">DOI</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://dx.doi.org/10.1126%252Fscience.316.5831.1547d">10.1126/science.316.5831.1547d</a>. </cite></span></li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/19._storo%C4%8Die?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal"> Lessons for US Immigration Policy. <i>Migration and International Trade</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://dx.doi.org/10.4337/9781849807210.00019">Dostupné online</a> [cit. 2020-04-23]. <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_Object_Identifier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Digital Object Identifier">DOI</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://dx.doi.org/10.4337%252F9781849807210.00019">10.4337/9781849807210.00019</a>. </cite></span></li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/19._storo%C4%8Die?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Perez-Brignoli, Hector (1989). <i>A Brief History of Central America</i>. University of California Press. ISBN <bdi>978-0520909762</bdi>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/19._storo%C4%8Die?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal">EVANS, Robert; POGGE VON STRANDMANN, Hartmut. <i>The Revolutions in Europe, 1848–1849</i>. [s.l.] : Oxford University Press, 2002-01-03. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199249978.001.0001">Dostupné online.</a> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C5%A0peci%C3%A1lne:Kni%C5%BEn%C3%A9Zdroje/978-0-19-924997-8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Špeciálne:KnižnéZdroje/978-0-19-924997-8">ISBN <span class="ISBN">978-0-19-924997-8</span></a></span>. </cite></span></li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/19._storo%C4%8Die?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal">KLEBANOFF, Shoshana. <i>Merman, Ethel (16 January 1909–15 February 1984), actress and singer</i>. [s.l.] : Oxford University Press, 2000-02. (American National Biography Online.) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/anb/9780198606697.article.1802052">Dostupné online.</a> </cite></span></li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/19._storo%C4%8Die?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal">REILLY, THOMAS H., 1954-. <i>The Taiping heavenly kingdom : rebellion and the blasphemy of empire</i>. Seattle : University of Washington Press, 2004. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/756501585">Dostupné online.</a> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C5%A0peci%C3%A1lne:Kni%C5%BEn%C3%A9Zdroje/978-0-295-80192-6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Špeciálne:KnižnéZdroje/978-0-295-80192-6">ISBN <span class="ISBN">978-0-295-80192-6</span></a></span>. </cite></span></li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/19._storo%C4%8Die?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal">KERR, GORDON.. <i>A short history of Africa : from the origins of the human race to the Arab spring</i>. Harpenden, Herts [UK] : Pocket Essentials, 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/751836145">Dostupné online.</a> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C5%A0peci%C3%A1lne:Kni%C5%BEn%C3%A9Zdroje/978-1-84243-442-0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Špeciálne:KnižnéZdroje/978-1-84243-442-0">ISBN <span class="ISBN">978-1-84243-442-0</span></a></span>. </cite></span></li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/19._storo%C4%8Die?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-14">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal"> dx.doi.org, [cit. 2020-04-24]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://dx.doi.org/10.17658/issn.2058-5462/issue-04/croach/figure7">Dostupné online.</a> </cite></span></li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/19._storo%C4%8Die?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-15">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal">SMITH, H. Monmouth. Eminent men of science living in 1807-8. <i>Journal of Chemical Education</i>, 1941-05, roč. 18, čís. 5, s. 203. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ed018p203">Dostupné online</a> [cit. 2020-04-24]. <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISSN?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ISSN">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://worldcat.org/issn/0021-9584">0021-9584</a>. <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_Object_Identifier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Digital Object Identifier">DOI</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://dx.doi.org/10.1021%252Fed018p203">10.1021/ed018p203</a>. (po anglicky)</cite></span></li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/19._storo%C4%8Die?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-16">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal"> <i>ergopraxis</i>, 2010-07-06, roč. 01, čís. 03/04. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-002-21183">Dostupné online</a> [cit. 2020-04-24]. <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISSN?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ISSN">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://worldcat.org/issn/1439-2283">1439-2283</a>. <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_Object_Identifier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Digital Object Identifier">DOI</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://dx.doi.org/10.1055%252Fs-002-21183">10.1055/s-002-21183</a>. </cite></span></li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/19._storo%C4%8Die?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-17">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal">DAMROSCH, David. <i>How to Read World Literature</i>. Oxford, UK : Wiley-Blackwell, 2008-08-24. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781444304596">Dostupné online.</a> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C5%A0peci%C3%A1lne:Kni%C5%BEn%C3%A9Zdroje/978-1-4443-0459-6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Špeciálne:KnižnéZdroje/978-1-4443-0459-6">ISBN <span class="ISBN">978-1-4443-0459-6</span></a></span>. </cite></span></li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/19._storo%C4%8Die?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-18">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal">PARRISH, S. M.. The Norton Anthology of English Literature, 3rd ed.. M. H. Abrams.. <i>The Wordsworth Circle</i>, 1974-06, roč. 5, čís. 3, s. 203–205. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://dx.doi.org/10.1086/twc24039103">Dostupné online</a> [cit. 2020-04-27]. <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISSN?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ISSN">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://worldcat.org/issn/0043-8006">0043-8006</a>. <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_Object_Identifier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Digital Object Identifier">DOI</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://dx.doi.org/10.1086%252Ftwc24039103">10.1086/twc24039103</a>. </cite></span></li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/19._storo%C4%8Die?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-19">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal">OPPENHEIMER, Clive. Climatic, environmental and human consequences of the largest known historic eruption: Tambora volcano (Indonesia) 1815. <i>Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment</i>, 2003-06, roč. 27, čís. 2, s. 230–259. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1191/0309133303pp379ra">Dostupné online</a> [cit. 2020-04-28]. <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISSN?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ISSN">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://worldcat.org/issn/0309-1333">0309-1333</a>. <a href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_Object_Identifier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Digital Object Identifier">DOI</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://dx.doi.org/10.1191%252F0309133303pp379ra">10.1191/0309133303pp379ra</a>. (po anglicky)</cite></span></li> </ol> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(8)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Zdroj">Zdroj</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=19._storo%C4%8Die&action=edit&section=27&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Upraviť sekciu: Zdroj" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>upraviť</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-8 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-8"> <p><span class="plainlinks"><i>Tento článok je čiastočný alebo úplný preklad článku <a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/19th_century?oldid%3D951770006">19th century</a> na anglickej Wikipédii.</i></span></p>   </section> </div> <noscript> <img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=mobile&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"> </noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet=""> Zdroj: „<a dir="ltr" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sk.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3D19._storo%C4%8Die%26oldid%3D7973888">https://sk.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=19._storočie&oldid=7973888</a>“ </div> </div> </div> <div class="post-content" id="page-secondary-actions"> </div> </main> <footer class="mw-footer minerva-footer" role="contentinfo"><a class="last-modified-bar" href="https://sk-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=19._storo%C4%8Die&action=history&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"><span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-medium minerva-icon--modified-history"></span> <span class="last-modified-bar__text modified-enhancement" data-user-name="Ziv" data-user-gender="unknown" data-timestamp="1737145779"> <span>Naposledy upravené 17. január 2025 o 20:29</span> </span> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-small minerva-icon--expand"></span> </div></a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id="mw-data-after-content"> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Jazyky</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/19de_eeu" title="19de eeu – afrikánčina" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="19de eeu" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikánčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/19._Jahrhundert" title="19. Jahrhundert – nemčina (švajčiarska)" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="19. Jahrhundert" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="nemčina (švajčiarska)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/19%25E1%258A%259B%25E1%258B%258D_%25E1%2588%259D%25E1%258B%2595%25E1%2589%25B0_%25E1%258B%2593%25E1%2588%2598%25E1%2589%25B5" title="19ኛው ምዕተ ዓመት – amharčina" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="19ኛው ምዕተ ዓመት" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amharčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sieglo_XIX" title="Sieglo XIX – aragónčina" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Sieglo XIX" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragónčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D9%2582%25D8%25B1%25D9%2586_19" title="القرن 19 – arabčina" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="القرن 19" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D9%2582%25D8%25B1%25D9%2586_%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25AA%25D8%25B3%25D8%25B9%25D8%25AA%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B4%25D8%25B1" title="القرن التسعتاشر – arabština (egyptská)" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="القرن التسعتاشر" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="arabština (egyptská)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sieglu_XIX" title="Sieglu XIX – astúrčina" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Sieglu XIX" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="astúrčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/XIX_%25D0%25B3%25D3%2580%25D0%25B0%25D1%2581%25D1%2580%25D1%2583" title="XIX гӀасру – avarčina" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="XIX гӀасру" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="avarčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/19-eafa_decemda" title="19-eafa decemda – kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="19-eafa decemda" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/XIX_%25C9%2599sr" title="XIX əsr – azerbajdžančina" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="XIX əsr" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbajdžančina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25DB%25B1%25DB%25B9._%25DB%258C%25D9%2588%25D8%25B2_%25D8%25A7%25DB%258C%25D9%2584" title="۱۹. یوز ایل – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="۱۹. یوز ایل" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/XIX_%25D0%25B1%25D1%258B%25D1%2583%25D0%25B0%25D1%2582" title="XIX быуат – baškirčina" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="XIX быуат" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baškirčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abad_ka-19" title="Abad ka-19 – balijčina" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Abad ka-19" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="balijčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/XIX_om%25C5%25BEios" title="XIX omžios – žemaitština" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="XIX omžios" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="žemaitština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/XIX_%25D1%2581%25D1%2582%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B3%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B4%25D0%25B4%25D0%25B7%25D0%25B5" title="XIX стагоддзе – bieloruština" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="XIX стагоддзе" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bieloruština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/XIX_%25D1%2581%25D1%2582%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B3%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B4%25D0%25B7%25D1%258C%25D0%25B4%25D0%25B7%25D0%25B5" title="XIX стагодзьдзе – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="XIX стагодзьдзе" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/19_%25D0%25B2%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BA" title="19 век – bulharčina" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="19 век" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulharčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A6%2589%25E0%25A6%25A8%25E0%25A6%25AC%25E0%25A6%25BF%25E0%25A6%2582%25E0%25A6%25B6_%25E0%25A6%25B6%25E0%25A6%25A4%25E0%25A6%25BE%25E0%25A6%25AC%25E0%25A7%258D%25E0%25A6%25A6%25E0%25A7%2580" title="উনবিংশ শতাব্দী – bengálčina" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="উনবিংশ শতাব্দী" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengálčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/XIXvet_kantved" title="XIXvet kantved – bretónčina" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="XIXvet kantved" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretónčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/19._vijek" title="19. vijek – bosniačtina" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="19. vijek" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniačtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Segle_XIX" title="Segle XIX – katalánčina" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Segle XIX" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalánčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/19_si%25C3%25A9-g%25C4%25AB" title="19 sié-gī – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="19 sié-gī" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/XIX_%25D0%25B1%25D3%2580%25D0%25B5%25D1%2588%25D0%25BE" title="XIX бӀешо – čečenčina" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="XIX бӀешо" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="čečenčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siglo_19" title="Siglo 19 – cebuánčina" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Siglo 19" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebuánčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25B3%25DB%2595%25D8%25AF%25DB%2595%25DB%258C_%25D9%25A1%25D9%25A9%25DB%258C%25DB%2595%25D9%2585" title="سەدەی ١٩یەم – kurdčina (sorání)" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="سەدەی ١٩یەم" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="kurdčina (sorání)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/19._stolet%25C3%25AD" title="19. století – čeština" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="19. století" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="čeština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/XIX_%25C4%2595%25D0%25BC%25C4%2595%25D1%2580" title="XIX ĕмĕр – čuvaština" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="XIX ĕмĕр" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="čuvaština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/19eg_ganrif" title="19eg ganrif – waleština" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="19eg ganrif" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="waleština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/19._%25C3%25A5rhundrede" title="19. århundrede – dánčina" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="19. århundrede" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dánčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/19._Jahrhundert" title="19. Jahrhundert – nemčina" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="19. Jahrhundert" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="nemčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seserra_19%25C4%25B1ne" title="Seserra 19ıne – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Seserra 19ıne" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/19%25CE%25BF%25CF%2582_%25CE%25B1%25CE%25B9%25CF%258E%25CE%25BD%25CE%25B1%25CF%2582" title="19ος αιώνας – gréčtina" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="19ος αιώνας" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="gréčtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/XIX_s%25C3%25A9col" title="XIX sécol – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="XIX sécol" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/19th_century" title="19th century – angličtina" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="19th century" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="angličtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/19-a_jarcento" title="19-a jarcento – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="19-a jarcento" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siglo_XIX" title="Siglo XIX – španielčina" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Siglo XIX" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="španielčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/19._sajand" title="19. sajand – estónčina" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="19. sajand" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estónčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/XIX._mendea" title="XIX. mendea – baskičtina" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="XIX. mendea" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskičtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigru_XIX" title="Sigru XIX – extremadurština" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Sigru XIX" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="extremadurština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25B3%25D8%25AF%25D9%2587_%25D9%2586%25D9%2588%25D8%25B2%25D8%25AF%25D9%2587%25D9%2585_%25D9%2585%25DB%258C%25D9%2584%25D8%25A7%25D8%25AF%25DB%258C" title="سده نوزدهم میلادی – perzština" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سده نوزدهم میلادی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="perzština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1800-luku" title="1800-luku – fínčina" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="1800-luku" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="fínčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/19._aastagasada" title="19. aastagasada – võruština" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="19. aastagasada" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="võruština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/19._%25C3%25B8ld" title="19. øld – faerčina" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="19. øld" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="faerčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/XIXe_si%25C3%25A8cle" title="XIXe siècle – francúzština" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="XIXe siècle" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francúzština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/XIX%25C3%25A9mo_si%25C3%25A8cllo" title="XIXémo siècllo – franko-provensálština" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="XIXémo siècllo" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="franko-provensálština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/19._juarhunert" title="19. juarhunert – severná frízština" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="19. juarhunert" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="severná frízština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/19e_iuw" title="19e iuw – západná frízština" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="19e iuw" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="západná frízština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/19%25C3%25BA_haois" title="19ú haois – írčina" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="19ú haois" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="írčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/19%25E4%25B8%2596%25E7%25B4%2580" title="19世紀 – čínština (dialekty Gan)" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="19世紀" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="čínština (dialekty Gan)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/19mh_Linn" title="19mh Linn – škótska gaelčina" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="19mh Linn" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="škótska gaelčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%25C3%25A9culo_XIX" title="Século XIX – galícijčina" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Século XIX" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galícijčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/19oo_eash" title="19oo eash – mančina" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="19oo eash" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="mančina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D7%2594%25D7%259E%25D7%2590%25D7%2594_%25D7%2594-19" title="המאה ה-19 – hebrejčina" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="המאה ה-19" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebrejčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%2589%25E0%25A4%25A8%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25A8%25E0%25A5%2580%25E0%25A4%25B8%25E0%25A4%25B5%25E0%25A5%2580%25E0%25A4%2582_%25E0%25A4%25B6%25E0%25A4%25A4%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%25AC%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25A6%25E0%25A5%2580" title="उन्नीसवीं शताब्दी – hindčina" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="उन्नीसवीं शताब्दी" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/19th_century" title="19th century – hindština (Fidži)" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="19th century" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="hindština (Fidži)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/19._stolje%25C4%2587e" title="19. stoljeće – chorvátčina" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="19. stoljeće" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="chorvátčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/XIXe_sy%25C3%25A8k" title="XIXe syèk – haitská kreolčina" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="XIXe syèk" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="haitská kreolčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/19._sz%25C3%25A1zad" title="19. század – maďarčina" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="19. század" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="maďarčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/19-%25D6%2580%25D5%25A4_%25D5%25A4%25D5%25A1%25D6%2580" title="19-րդ դար – arménčina" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="19-րդ դար" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="arménčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seculo_19" title="Seculo 19 – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Seculo 19" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abad_ke-19" title="Abad ke-19 – indonézština" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Abad ke-19" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonézština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/XIX_%25D0%25B1%25D3%2580%25D0%25B0%25D1%258C%25D1%2588%25D1%2583" title="XIX бӀаьшу – inguština" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="XIX бӀаьшу" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="inguština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/19ma_yarcento" title="19ma yarcento – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="19ma yarcento" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/19._%25C3%25B6ldin" title="19. öldin – islandčina" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="19. öldin" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/XIX_secolo" title="XIX secolo – taliančina" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="XIX secolo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="taliančina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/19%25E4%25B8%2596%25E7%25B4%2580" title="19世紀 – japončina" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="19世紀" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japončina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/18xyxymoi" title="18xyxymoi – lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="18xyxymoi" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abad_ping_19" title="Abad ping 19 – jávčina" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Abad ping 19" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="jávčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/XIX_%25E1%2583%25A1%25E1%2583%2590%25E1%2583%25A3%25E1%2583%2599%25E1%2583%25A3%25E1%2583%259C%25E1%2583%2594" title="XIX საუკუნე – gruzínčina" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="XIX საუკუნე" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="gruzínčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lqern_wis_19" title="Lqern wis 19 – kabylčina" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Lqern wis 19" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="kabylčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/XIX_%25D2%2593%25D0%25B0%25D1%2581%25D1%258B%25D1%2580" title="XIX ғасыр – kazaština" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="XIX ғасыр" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazaština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/19%25EC%2584%25B8%25EA%25B8%25B0" title="19세기 – kórejčina" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="19세기" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="kórejčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sedsala_19an" title="Sedsala 19an – kurdčina" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Sedsala 19an" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/XIX_%25D0%25BD%25D1%258D%25D0%25BC" title="XIX нэм – komijčina" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="XIX нэм" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="komijčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/19ves_kansbledhen" title="19ves kansbledhen – kornčina" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="19ves kansbledhen" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="kornčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saeculum_19" title="Saeculum 19 – latinčina" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Saeculum 19" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latinčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/19._Joerhonnert" title="19. Joerhonnert – luxemburčina" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="19. Joerhonnert" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxemburčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/XIX_%25D0%25B2%25D0%25B8%25D1%2588_%25D0%25B9%25D0%25B8%25D1%2581" title="XIX виш йис – lezginčina" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="XIX виш йис" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="lezginčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sentenio_19" title="Sentenio 19 – lingua franca nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Sentenio 19" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="lingua franca nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Negentiende_iew" title="Negentiende iew – limburčina" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Negentiende iew" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/XIX_secolo" title="XIX secolo – ligurčina" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="XIX secolo" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="ligurčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%25C3%25A9cul_XIX" title="Sécul XIX – lombardčina" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Sécul XIX" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="lombardčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25BA%2584%25E0%25BA%25B4%25E0%25BA%2594%25E0%25BA%2595%25E0%25BA%25B0%25E0%25BA%25AA%25E0%25BA%25B0%25E0%25BA%2595%25E0%25BA%25B0%25E0%25BA%25A7%25E0%25BA%25B1%25E0%25BA%2594%25E0%25BA%2597%25E0%25BA%25B5%25E0%25BB%2588_19" title="ຄິດຕະສະຕະວັດທີ່ 19 – laoština" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ຄິດຕະສະຕະວັດທີ່ 19" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="laoština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/XIX_am%25C5%25BEius" title="XIX amžius – litovčina" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="XIX amžius" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litovčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ltg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ltg.wikipedia.org/wiki/19_godu_symts" title="19 godu symts – latgalština" lang="ltg" hreflang="ltg" data-title="19 godu symts" data-language-autonym="Latgaļu" data-language-local-name="latgalština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latgaļu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/19._gadsimts" title="19. gadsimts – lotyština" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="19. gadsimts" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="lotyština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abad_kaping-19" title="Abad kaping-19 – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Abad kaping-19" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/XIX_%25D0%25BA%25D1%2583%25D1%2580%25D1%258B%25D0%25BC" title="XIX курым – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="XIX курым" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rautau_19" title="Rautau 19 – maorijčina" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Rautau 19" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="maorijčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/19_%25D0%25B2%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BA" title="19 век – macedónčina" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="19 век" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedónčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B4%25AA%25E0%25B4%25A4%25E0%25B5%258D%25E0%25B4%25A4%25E0%25B5%258A%25E0%25B5%25BB%25E0%25B4%25AA%25E0%25B4%25A4%25E0%25B4%25BE%25E0%25B4%2582_%25E0%25B4%25A8%25E0%25B5%2582%25E0%25B4%25B1%25E0%25B5%258D%25E0%25B4%25B1%25E0%25B4%25BE%25E0%25B4%25A3%25E0%25B5%258D%25E0%25B4%259F%25E0%25B5%258D" title="പത്തൊൻപതാം നൂറ്റാണ്ട് – malajálamčina" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="പത്തൊൻപതാം നൂറ്റാണ്ട്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malajálamčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/19-%25D1%2580_%25D0%25B7%25D1%2583%25D1%2583%25D0%25BD" title="19-р зуун – mongolčina" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="19-р зуун" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongolčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%2587.%25E0%25A4%25B8.%25E0%25A4%259A%25E0%25A5%2587_%25E0%25A5%25A7%25E0%25A5%25AF_%25E0%25A4%25B5%25E0%25A5%2587_%25E0%25A4%25B6%25E0%25A4%25A4%25E0%25A4%2595" title="इ.स.चे १९ वे शतक – maráthčina" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="इ.स.चे १९ वे शतक" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="maráthčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abad_ke-19" title="Abad ke-19 – malajčina" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Abad ke-19" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2581%2581%25E1%2581%2589_%25E1%2580%259B%25E1%2580%25AC%25E1%2580%2585%25E1%2580%25AF%25E1%2580%2594%25E1%2580%25BE%25E1%2580%2585%25E1%2580%25BA" title="၁၉ ရာစုနှစ် – barmčina" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="၁၉ ရာစုနှစ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="barmčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/XIX_%25D0%25BF%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B3%25D0%25B5" title="XIX пинге – erzjančina" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="XIX пинге" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="erzjančina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macuilpohualxihuitl_XIX" title="Macuilpohualxihuitl XIX – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="Macuilpohualxihuitl XIX" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/XIX_seculo" title="XIX seculo – neapolčina" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="XIX seculo" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="neapolčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/19._Johrhunnert" title="19. Johrhunnert – dolná nemčina" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="19. Johrhunnert" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="dolná nemčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/19e_eeuw" title="19e eeuw – dolná saština" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="19e eeuw" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="dolná saština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/19e_eeuw" title="19e eeuw – holandčina" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="19e eeuw" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="holandčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1800-talet" title="1800-talet – nórčina (nynorsk)" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="1800-talet" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="nórčina (nynorsk)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/19._%25C3%25A5rhundre" title="19. århundre – nórčina (bokmal)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="19. århundre" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="nórčina (bokmal)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/19esmi_sekle" title="19esmi sekle – novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="19esmi sekle" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/XIXe_s." title="XIXe s. – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="XIXe s." data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ngwagakgolo_19" title="Ngwagakgolo 19 – sothčina (severná)" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="Ngwagakgolo 19" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="sothčina (severná)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%25C3%25A8gle_XIX" title="Sègle XIX – okcitánčina" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Sègle XIX" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="okcitánčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/XIX_%25C3%25A6%25D0%25BD%25D1%2583%25D1%2581" title="XIX æнус – osetčina" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="XIX æнус" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="osetčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/19%25E0%25A8%25B5%25E0%25A9%2580%25E0%25A8%2582_%25E0%25A8%25B8%25E0%25A8%25A6%25E0%25A9%2580" title="19ਵੀਂ ਸਦੀ – pandžábčina" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="19ਵੀਂ ਸਦੀ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="pandžábčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siglo_19" title="Siglo 19 – papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Siglo 19" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/XIX_wiek" title="XIX wiek – poľština" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="XIX wiek" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poľština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586%25DB%258C%25DB%2581%25D9%2588%25D9%258A%25DA%25BA_%25D8%25B5%25D8%25AF%25DB%258C" title="انیہويں صدی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="انیہويں صدی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%25C3%25A9culo_XIX" title="Século XIX – portugalčina" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Século XIX" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugalčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/19_%25C3%25B1iqin_pachakwata" title="19 ñiqin pachakwata – kečuánčina" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="19 ñiqin pachakwata" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="kečuánčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/19avel_tschientaner" title="19avel tschientaner – rétorománčina" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="19avel tschientaner" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="rétorománčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secolul_al_XIX-lea" title="Secolul al XIX-lea – rumunčina" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Secolul al XIX-lea" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumunčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/XIX_%25D0%25B2%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BA" title="XIX век – ruština" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="XIX век" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ruština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/XIX._%25D1%2581%25D1%2582%25D0%25BE%25D1%2580%25D0%25BE%25D1%2587%25D0%25B0" title="XIX. стороча – rusínština" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="XIX. стороча" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="rusínština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/XIX_%25D2%25AF%25D0%25B9%25D1%258D" title="XIX үйэ – jakutčina" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="XIX үйэ" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="jakutčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%25C3%25A8culu_XIX" title="Sèculu XIX – sicílčina" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Sèculu XIX" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="sicílčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/19t_century" title="19t century – škótčina" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="19t century" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="škótčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/1800-lohku_(jahke%25C4%258Duohti)" title="1800-lohku (jahkečuohti) – saamčina (severná)" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="1800-lohku (jahkečuohti)" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="saamčina (severná)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/19._vijek" title="19. vijek – srbochorvátčina" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="19. vijek" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="srbochorvátčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2580%2595%25E1%2580%25AE%25E1%2582%2581%25E1%2580%25B0%25E1%2580%259D%25E1%2580%25BA%25E1%2580%2595%25E1%2581%25A2%25E1%2581%25B5%25E1%2580%25BA%25E1%2582%2587_19" title="ပီႁူဝ်ပၢၵ်ႇ 19 – šančina" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="ပီႁူဝ်ပၢၵ်ႇ 19" data-language-autonym="ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး " data-language-local-name="šančina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/19_%25E0%25B7%2580%25E0%25B6%25B1_%25E0%25B7%2583%25E0%25B7%2592%25E0%25B6%25BA%25E0%25B7%2580%25E0%25B7%2583" title="19 වන සියවස – sinhalčina" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="19 වන සියවස" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="sinhalčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/19th_century" title="19th century – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="19th century" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/19._stoletje" title="19. stoletje – slovinčina" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="19. stoletje" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovinčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shekulli_XIX" title="Shekulli XIX – albánčina" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Shekulli XIX" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albánčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/19._%25D0%25B2%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BA" title="19. век – srbčina" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="19. век" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="srbčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/19._Jierhunnert" title="19. Jierhunnert – fríština (saterlandská)" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="19. Jierhunnert" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="fríština (saterlandská)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abad_ka-19" title="Abad ka-19 – sundčina" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Abad ka-19" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sundčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1800-talet" title="1800-talet – švédčina" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="1800-talet" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="švédčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karne_ya_19" title="Karne ya 19 – swahilčina" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Karne ya 19" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahilčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/XIX_stole%25C4%2587e" title="XIX stoleće – sliezština" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="XIX stoleće" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="sliezština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/19-%25E0%25AE%2586%25E0%25AE%25AE%25E0%25AF%258D_%25E0%25AE%25A8%25E0%25AF%2582%25E0%25AE%25B1%25E0%25AF%258D%25E0%25AE%25B1%25E0%25AE%25BE%25E0%25AE%25A3%25E0%25AF%258D%25E0%25AE%259F%25E0%25AF%2581" title="19-ஆம் நூற்றாண்டு – tamilčina" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="19-ஆம் நூற்றாண்டு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/19_%25E0%25B0%25B5_%25E0%25B0%25B6%25E0%25B0%25A4%25E0%25B0%25BE%25E0%25B0%25AC%25E0%25B1%258D%25E0%25B0%25A6%25E0%25B0%2582" title="19 వ శతాబ్దం – telugčina" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="19 వ శతాబ్దం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A1%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B4%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B8_XIX" title="Садаи XIX – tadžičtina" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Садаи XIX" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadžičtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B8%2584%25E0%25B8%25A3%25E0%25B8%25B4%25E0%25B8%25AA%25E0%25B8%2595%25E0%25B9%258C%25E0%25B8%25A8%25E0%25B8%2595%25E0%25B8%25A7%25E0%25B8%25A3%25E0%25B8%25A3%25E0%25B8%25A9%25E0%25B8%2597%25E0%25B8%25B5%25E0%25B9%2588_19" title="คริสต์ศตวรรษที่ 19 – thajčina" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="คริสต์ศตวรรษที่ 19" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thajčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/19-njy_asyr" title="19-njy asyr – turkménčina" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="19-njy asyr" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="turkménčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ika-19_na_dantaon" title="Ika-19 na dantaon – tagalčina" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Ika-19 na dantaon" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sasoron%25D3%2599_19" title="Sasoronә 19 – talyština" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Sasoronә 19" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="talyština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/19._y%25C3%25BCzy%25C4%25B1l" title="19. yüzyıl – turečtina" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="19. yüzyıl" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turečtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/XIX_%25D0%25B3%25D0%25B0%25D1%2581%25D1%258B%25D1%2580" title="XIX гасыр – tatárčina" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="XIX гасыр" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatárčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/19_-_%25D8%25A6%25DB%2595%25D8%25B3%25D9%2589%25D8%25B1" title="19 - ئەسىر – ujgurčina" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="19 - ئەسىر" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="ujgurčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/XIX_%25D1%2581%25D1%2582%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BB%25D1%2596%25D1%2582%25D1%2582%25D1%258F" title="XIX століття – ukrajinčina" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="XIX століття" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrajinčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586%25DB%258C%25D8%25B3%25D9%2588%25DB%258C%25DA%25BA_%25D8%25B5%25D8%25AF%25DB%258C" title="انیسویں صدی – urdčina" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="انیسویں صدی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/XIX_asr" title="XIX asr – uzbečtina" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="XIX asr" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbečtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/XIX_seco%25C5%2582o" title="XIX secoło – benátčina" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="XIX secoło" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="benátčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%25E1%25BA%25BF_k%25E1%25BB%25B7_19" title="Thế kỷ 19 – vietnamčina" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Thế kỷ 19" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumyel_19id" title="Tumyel 19id – volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Tumyel 19id" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/19inme_sieke" title="19inme sieke – valónčina" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="19inme sieke" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="valónčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ika-19_nga_gatostuig" title="Ika-19 nga gatostuig – waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Ika-19 nga gatostuig" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/19%25E4%25B8%2596%25E7%25BA%25AA" title="19世纪 – čínština (wu)" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="19世纪" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="čínština (wu)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/XIX_%25E1%2583%259D%25E1%2583%25A8%25E1%2583%25AC%25E1%2583%2590%25E1%2583%259C%25E1%2583%25A3%25E1%2583%25A0%25E1%2583%2590" title="XIX ოშწანურა – mingrelština" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="XIX ოშწანურა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="mingrelština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/19%25D7%2598%25D7%25A2%25D7%25A8_%25D7%2599%2522%25D7%2594" title="19טער י"ה – jidiš" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="19טער י"ה" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="jidiš" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/19e_e%25C3%25AAuw" title="19e eêuw – zélandština" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="19e eêuw" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="zélandština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/19%25E4%25B8%2596%25E7%25BA%25AA" title="19世纪 – čínština" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="19世纪" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="čínština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/19_s%25C3%25A8-k%25C3%25AD" title="19 sè-kí – čínština (dialekty Minnan)" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="19 sè-kí" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="čínština (dialekty Minnan)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/19%25E4%25B8%2596%25E7%25B4%2580" title="19世紀 – kantončina" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="19世紀" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantončina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> 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