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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Origin_of_the_concept" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Origin_of_the_concept"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Origin of the concept</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Origin_of_the_concept-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-States_currently_in_a_formal_association" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#States_currently_in_a_formal_association"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>States currently in a formal association</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-States_currently_in_a_formal_association-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Former_associated_states" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Former_associated_states"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Former associated states</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Former_associated_states-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Proposed_associated_states" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Proposed_associated_states"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Proposed associated states</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Proposed_associated_states-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_comparable_relationships" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_comparable_relationships"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Other comparable relationships</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Other_comparable_relationships-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Other comparable relationships subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Other_comparable_relationships-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-States_currently_ceding_power_to_another_state" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#States_currently_ceding_power_to_another_state"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>States currently ceding power to another state</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-States_currently_ceding_power_to_another_state-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-States_formerly_ceding_power_to_another_state" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#States_formerly_ceding_power_to_another_state"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>States formerly ceding power to another state</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-States_formerly_ceding_power_to_another_state-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Microstates_as_modern_protected_states" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Microstates_as_modern_protected_states"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Microstates as modern protected states</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Microstates_as_modern_protected_states-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span 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Available in 36 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-36" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">36 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A9_%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%B7%D8%A9" title="دولة مرتبطة – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="دولة مرتبطة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D1%8A%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Асоциирана държава – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Асоциирана държава" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estat_associat" title="Estat associat – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Estat associat" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C5%99idru%C5%BEen%C3%BD_st%C3%A1t" title="Přidružený stát – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Přidružený stát" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gwladwriaeth_gysylltiedig" title="Gwladwriaeth gysylltiedig – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Gwladwriaeth gysylltiedig" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Associeret_stat" title="Associeret stat – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Associeret stat" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assoziierungspolitik" title="Assoziierungspolitik – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Assoziierungspolitik" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3%CF%85%CE%BD%CE%B4%CE%B5%CE%B4%CE%B5%CE%BC%CE%AD%CE%BD%CE%BF_%CE%BA%CF%81%CE%AC%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%82" title="Συνδεδεμένο κράτος – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Συνδεδεμένο κράτος" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estado_asociado" title="Estado asociado – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Estado asociado" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%B6%D9%88_%D9%87%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%87" title="عضو همراه – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="عضو همراه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fr%C3%A6lsur_felagsskapur" title="Frælsur felagsskapur – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Frælsur felagsskapur" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89tat_associ%C3%A9" title="État associé – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="État associé" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estado_asociado" title="Estado asociado – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Estado asociado" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8_%D1%8F%D1%8C_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%87%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%8C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BA%D1%85%D0%B5" title="Ассоциаци яь паччахьалкхе – Ingush" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Ассоциаци яь паччахьалкхе" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="Ingush" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9E%90%EC%9C%A0%EC%97%B0%ED%95%A9_(%EC%99%B8%EA%B5%90)" title="자유연합 (외교) – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="자유연합 (외교)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Negara_asosiasi" title="Negara asosiasi – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Negara asosiasi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stato_associato" title="Stato associato – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Stato associato" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9D%E1%83%AA%E1%83%98%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%AE%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9B%E1%83%AC%E1%83%98%E1%83%A4%E1%83%9D" title="ასოცირებული სახელმწიფო – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ასოცირებული სახელმწიფო" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asoci%C4%93ta_valsts" title="Asociēta valsts – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Asociēta valsts" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%9C%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82" title="അസോസിയേറ്റഡ് രാജ്യം – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="അസോസിയേറ്റഡ് രാജ്യം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stat_asso%C4%8Bjat" title="Stat assoċjat – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Stat assoċjat" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Negara_bersekutu" title="Negara bersekutu – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Negara bersekutu" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vrije_associatie" title="Vrije associatie – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Vrije associatie" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E9%80%A3%E5%90%88_(%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E9%96%93%E9%96%A2%E4%BF%82)" title="自由連合 (国家間関係) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="自由連合 (国家間関係)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assosiert_stat" title="Assosiert stat – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Assosiert stat" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terytorium_stowarzyszone" title="Terytorium stowarzyszone – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Terytorium stowarzyszone" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estado_associado" title="Estado associado – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Estado associado" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Ассоциированное государство – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Ассоциированное государство" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pridru%C5%BEen%C3%BD_%C5%A1t%C3%A1t" title="Pridružený štát – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Pridružený štát" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Асоцијативна држава – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Асоцијативна држава" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liit%C3%A4nn%C3%A4isvaltio" title="Liitännäisvaltio – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Liitännäisvaltio" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Associerad_stat" title="Associerad stat – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Associerad stat" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0li%C5%9Fkili_devlet" title="İlişkili devlet – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="İlişkili devlet" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%86%D1%96%D0%B9%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Асоційована держава – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Асоційована держава" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qu%E1%BB%91c_gia_li%C3%AAn_k%E1%BA%BFt" title="Quốc gia liên kết – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Quốc gia liên kết" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%81%AF%E7%B9%AB%E9%82%A6" title="聯繫邦 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="聯繫邦" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1138279#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul 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<div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Minor partner in a formal, free relationship with a typically larger state</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488" /><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of the <a href="/wiki/Category:Politics" title="Category:Politics">Politics series</a></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="border-top:1px #fafafa solid; border-bottom:1px #fafafa solid; background:#efefef; background: var(--background-color-interactive, #efefef); color: var(--color-base, #000); padding:0.2em;">Basic forms of <a href="/wiki/Government" title="Government">government</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-above" style="display:block; margin-bottom:0.5em; background:transparent;"> <a href="/wiki/List_of_forms_of_government" title="List of forms of government">List of forms</a> · <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_system_of_government" title="List of countries by system of government">List of countries</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content-with-subgroup hlist" style="text-align:left;text-align:center;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef; border-top:1px solid;background: var(--background-color-interactive, #efefef); color: var(--color-base, #000);;color: var(--color-base)">Source of power</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table class="sidebar-subgroup"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Democracy" title="Democracy">Democracy</a> <span class="nobold">(<a href="/wiki/Polyarchy" title="Polyarchy">rule by many</a>)</span></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Demarchy" class="mw-redirect" title="Demarchy">Demarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Direct_democracy" title="Direct democracy">Direct</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_democracy" title="Economic democracy">Economic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_democracy" title="Liberal democracy">Liberal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Representative_democracy" title="Representative democracy">Representative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_democracy" title="Social democracy">Social</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_democracy" title="Socialist democracy">Socialist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Types_of_democracy" title="Types of democracy">Others</a></li></ul> <hr /></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Oligarchy" title="Oligarchy">Oligarchy</a> <span class="nobold">(rule by few)</span></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anocracy" title="Anocracy">Anocracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aristocracy" title="Aristocracy">Aristocracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerontocracy" title="Gerontocracy">Gerontocracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kleptocracy" title="Kleptocracy">Kleptocracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kritarchy" title="Kritarchy">Kritarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meritocracy" title="Meritocracy">Meritocracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noocracy" title="Noocracy">Noocracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Particracy" title="Particracy">Particracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plutocracy" title="Plutocracy">Plutocracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stratocracy" title="Stratocracy">Stratocracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technocracy" title="Technocracy">Technocracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theocracy" title="Theocracy">Theocracy</a></li></ul> <hr /></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Autocracy" title="Autocracy">Autocracy</a> <span class="nobold">(<a href="/wiki/Monocracy" title="Monocracy">rule by one</a>)</span></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Despotism" title="Despotism">Despotism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dictatorship" title="Dictatorship">Dictatorship</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Military_dictatorship" title="Military dictatorship">Military dictatorship</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyranny" class="mw-redirect" title="Tyranny">Tyranny</a></li></ul> <hr /></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Anarchy" title="Anarchy">Anarchy</a> <span class="nobold">(rule by none)</span></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism" title="Anarchism">Anarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_association_(Marxism_and_anarchism)" class="mw-redirect" title="Free association (Marxism and anarchism)">Free association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stateless_society" title="Stateless society">Stateless</a></li></ul> <hr /></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content-with-subgroup hlist" style="text-align:left;text-align:center;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef; border-top:1px solid;background: var(--background-color-interactive, #efefef); color: var(--color-base, #000);;color: var(--color-base)">Power ideology</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table class="sidebar-subgroup"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monarchism" title="Monarchism">Monarchy</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Republicanism" title="Republicanism">Republic</a></li></ul></div> <span class="nobold">(socio-political ideologies)</span></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Absolute_monarchy" title="Absolute monarchy">Absolute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_state" title="Communist state">Communist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_monarchy" title="Constitutional monarchy">Constitutional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Directorial_system" title="Directorial system">Directorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legalism_(Chinese_philosophy)" title="Legalism (Chinese philosophy)">Legalist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_republic" title="Parliamentary republic">Parliamentary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_system" title="Presidential system">Presidential</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semi-presidential_republic" title="Semi-presidential republic">Semi-presidential</a></li></ul> <hr /></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Authoritarianism" title="Authoritarianism">Authoritarian</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Libertarianism" title="Libertarianism">Libertarian</a></li></ul></div> <span class="nobold">(socio-economic ideologies)</span></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism" title="Anarchism">Anarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colonialism" title="Colonialism">Colonialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communism" title="Communism">Communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Despotism" title="Despotism">Despotism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Distributism" title="Distributism">Distributism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fascism" title="Fascism">Fascism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feudalism" title="Feudalism">Feudalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialism" title="Socialism">Socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Totalitarianism" title="Totalitarianism">Totalitarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tribalism" title="Tribalism">Tribalism</a></li></ul> <hr /></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <div class="hlist"><ul><li>Religious</li><li>Secular</li></ul></div></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/State_religion" title="State religion">State religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secular_state" title="Secular state">Secular state</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Separation_of_church_and_state" title="Separation of church and state">Separation of church and state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_atheism" title="State atheism">State atheism</a></li></ul></li></ul> <hr /></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Global_governance" title="Global governance">Global</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Local_government" title="Local government">Local</a></li></ul></div> <span class="nobold">(geo-cultural ideologies)</span></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/City-state" title="City-state">City-state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intergovernmental_organisation" class="mw-redirect" title="Intergovernmental organisation">Intergovernmental organisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nation-state" class="mw-redirect" title="Nation-state">National government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_government" title="World government">World government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationalism" title="Nationalism">Nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internationalism_(politics)" title="Internationalism (politics)">Internationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Globalism" title="Globalism">Globalism</a></li></ul></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content-with-subgroup hlist" style="text-align:left;text-align:center;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef; border-top:1px solid;background: var(--background-color-interactive, #efefef); color: var(--color-base, #000);;color: var(--color-base)">Power structure</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table class="sidebar-subgroup"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Political_unitarism" title="Political unitarism">Unitarism</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Unitary_state" title="Unitary state">Unitary state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empire" title="Empire">Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principality" title="Principality">Principality</a></li></ul> <hr /></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Client_state" title="Client state">Client state</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Associated state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">Dependent territory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominion" title="Dominion">Dominion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protectorate" title="Protectorate">Protectorate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puppet_state" title="Puppet state">Puppet state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puppet_monarch" class="mw-redirect" title="Puppet monarch">Puppet monarch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satellite_state" title="Satellite state">Satellite state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-governing_colony" title="Self-governing colony">Self-governing colony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tributary_state" title="Tributary state">Tributary state</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Buffer_state" title="Buffer state">Buffer state</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vassal_state" title="Vassal state">Vassal state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viceroyalty" title="Viceroyalty">Viceroyalty</a></li></ul> <hr /></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Federalism" title="Federalism">Federalism</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Confederation" title="Confederation">Confederation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devolution" title="Devolution">Devolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federation" title="Federation">Federation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superstate" title="Superstate">Superstate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supranational_union" title="Supranational union">Supranational union</a></li></ul> <hr /></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Power_(international_relations)" title="Power (international relations)">International relations</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Small_power" title="Small power">Small power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_power" title="Middle power">Middle power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regional_power" title="Regional power">Regional power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emerging_power" title="Emerging power">Emerging power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_power" title="Great power">Great power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superpower" title="Superpower">Superpower</a></li></ul></td> </tr></tbody></table> <hr /></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content-with-subgroup hlist" style="text-align:left;text-align:center;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef; border-top:1px solid;background: var(--background-color-interactive, #efefef); color: var(--color-base, #000);;color: var(--color-base)">Related</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table class="sidebar-subgroup"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_division" title="Administrative division">Administrative division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democracy_indices" title="Democracy indices">Democracy indices</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_transition" title="Democratic transition">Democratic transition</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_backsliding" title="Democratic backsliding">Autocratization</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratisation" class="mw-redirect" title="Democratisation">Democratisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hybrid_regimes" class="mw-redirect" title="Hybrid regimes">Hybrid regimes</a></li></ul></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below" style="background:#efefef;background: var(--background-color-interactive, #efefef); color: var(--color-base, #000);"> <span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:A_coloured_voting_box.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/20px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/40px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Politics" title="Portal:Politics">Politics portal</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Basic_forms_of_government" title="Template:Basic forms of government"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Basic_forms_of_government" title="Template talk:Basic forms of government"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Basic_forms_of_government" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Basic forms of government"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>An <b>associated state</b> is the minor partner or <a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">dependent territory</a> in a formal, free <a href="/wiki/International_relations" title="International relations">relationship</a> between a <a href="/wiki/Polity" title="Polity">political territory</a> (some of them dependent <a href="/wiki/State_(polity)" title="State (polity)">states</a>, most of them fully <a href="/wiki/Sovereignty" title="Sovereignty">sovereign</a>) and a major party—usually a larger state. </p><p>The details of such <b>free association</b> are contained in <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly" title="United Nations General Assembly">United Nations General Assembly</a> <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly_Resolution_1541_(XV)" title="United Nations General Assembly Resolution 1541 (XV)">Resolution 1541 (XV)</a> Principle VI,<sup id="cite_ref-resolution_1541_(XV)_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-resolution_1541_(XV)-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a <a href="/wiki/Compact_of_Free_Association" title="Compact of Free Association">Compact of Free Association</a> or <a href="/wiki/West_Indies_Associated_States" title="West Indies Associated States">Associated Statehood Act</a> and are specific to the countries involved. In the case of the <a href="/wiki/Cook_Islands" title="Cook Islands">Cook Islands</a> and <a href="/wiki/Niue" title="Niue">Niue</a>, the details of their free association arrangement are contained in several documents, such as their respective constitutions, the 1983 Exchange of Letters between the governments of <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a> and the Cook Islands, and the 2001 Joint Centenary Declaration. Free associated states can be described as <a href="/wiki/Sovereign_state" title="Sovereign state">independent</a> or not, but free association is not a qualification of an entity's statehood or status as a subject of <a href="/wiki/International_law" title="International law">international law</a>. </p><p>Informally it can be considered more widely: from a <a href="/wiki/Postcolonialism" title="Postcolonialism">post-colonial</a> form of amical protection, or <a href="/wiki/Protectorate" title="Protectorate">protectorate</a>, to a <a href="/wiki/Asymmetric_federalism" title="Asymmetric federalism">confederation of unequal members</a> when the lesser partners delegate to the major one (often the former colonial power) some authority normally exclusively retained by a sovereign state, usually in such fields as defence and foreign relations, while often enjoying favourable economic terms such as <a href="/wiki/Market_access" title="Market access">market access</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Origin_of_the_concept">Origin of the concept</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Associated_state&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Origin of the concept"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The concept of associated state was originally used to refer to arrangements under which Western powers afforded a (sometimes very limited) degree of self-government to some of their colonial possessions after the end of <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>. Soon after the conclusion of the war, the French colonial territories of <a href="/wiki/State_of_Vietnam" title="State of Vietnam">Vietnam</a>, <a href="/wiki/French_protectorate_of_Cambodia" title="French protectorate of Cambodia">Cambodia</a>, and <a href="/wiki/French_protectorate_of_Laos" title="French protectorate of Laos">Laos</a> were designated as 'associated states' within the newly created <a href="/wiki/French_Union" title="French Union">French Union</a>. The arrangement afforded these countries a limited degree of internal and external sovereignty (for example, they were allowed to enter into diplomatic relations with a small number of countries), but for the most part reserved for France effective control over foreign relations, as well as military, judicial, administrative, and economic activities.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to some French jurists, the concept of associated state under the <a href="/wiki/French_Constitution_of_27_October_1946" title="French Constitution of 27 October 1946">1946 French constitution</a> automatically extended to the territories of <a href="/wiki/French_protectorate_in_Morocco" title="French protectorate in Morocco">Morocco</a> and <a href="/wiki/French_protectorate_of_Tunisia" title="French protectorate of Tunisia">Tunisia</a>, which up until then had been protectorates of France. However, unlike their counterparts in Southeast Asia, neither Morocco nor Tunisia became part of the French Union.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The associated state concept as applied to former French colonial possessions has been described as 'neo-colonial' as it did not afford them real internal or external sovereignty.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> All of the aforementioned associated states eventually became fully independent states. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rico" title="Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a> has been a <a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">dependent territory</a> of the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> since the <a href="/wiki/Spanish%E2%80%93American_War" title="Spanish–American War">Spanish–American War</a>. In the Spanish-language version of its current (1952) <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Puerto_Rico" title="Constitution of Puerto Rico">constitution</a> it is officially named <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">Estado Libre Asociado de Puerto Rico</i></span>, which translates to "Free Associated State of Puerto Rico." It exercises substantial internal self-government similar to <a href="/wiki/U.S._state" title="U.S. state">U.S. states</a>, and is under the sovereignty of the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_United_States" title="Constitution of the United States">U.S. Constitution</a>. Unlike the <a href="/wiki/Marshall_Islands" title="Marshall Islands">Marshall Islands</a>, <a href="/wiki/Federated_States_of_Micronesia" title="Federated States of Micronesia">Micronesia</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Palau" title="Palau">Palau</a>, Puerto Rico is not considered to be an associated state under U.S. domestic law, with the English-language Puerto Rican constitution referring to it as a 'commonwealth.' The official Spanish name of Puerto Rico can lead observers to believe that its political status is equivalent to that of the associated states of the Cook Islands, the Marshall Islands, Micronesia, Niue, and Palau. However, unlike these polities, Puerto Rico is not considered a state under international law and scholars usually do not regard it as an associated state similar to the others. Puerto Rico retains the right to choose free association, full independence, or becoming a U.S. state.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When New Zealand offered an associated status to the Cook Islands, they involved the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a> and included in the agreement the possibility of future independence. These considerations became relevant in later <a href="/wiki/Special_Committee_on_Decolonization" title="Special Committee on Decolonization">Special Committee on Decolonisation</a> debates on the <a href="/wiki/West_Indies_Associated_States" title="West Indies Associated States">West Indies Associated States</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Lal2006_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lal2006-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="States_currently_in_a_formal_association">States currently in a formal association</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Associated_state&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: States currently in a formal association"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Cook Islands and Niue have the status of "self-government in free association".<sup id="cite_ref-mfai_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mfai-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> New Zealand cannot legislate for them,<sup id="cite_ref-indep_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-indep-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-abstract_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-abstract-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and in some situations they are considered <a href="/wiki/Sovereign_state" title="Sovereign state">sovereign states</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In foreign relations, both interact as sovereign states,<sup id="cite_ref-nonUN_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nonUN-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-JCD_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JCD-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and they have been allowed to sign on as a state to United Nations treaties and bodies.<sup id="cite_ref-nonUN_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nonUN-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Neither has decided to join the UN, as New Zealand has expressed a view that such a move would lead to their loss of right to automatic acquisition of <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_nationality_law" title="New Zealand nationality law">New Zealand citizenship</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-mfai_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mfai-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, New Zealand has never formally opposed such application, nor has it argued that either country would not be within its sovereign right to do so. Both Niue and the Cook Islands have established their own nationality and immigration regimes.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Federated States of Micronesia (since 1986), the Marshall Islands (since 1986), and Palau (since 1994) are associated with the United States under what is known as the <a href="/wiki/Compact_of_Free_Association" title="Compact of Free Association">Compact of Free Association</a>, giving the states international sovereignty and ultimate control over their territory. However, the governments of those areas have agreed to allow the United States to provide defense; the U.S. federal government provides funding grants and access to U.S. social services for citizens of these areas. The United States benefits from its ability to use the islands as strategic military bases.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th width="160px">Associated state <sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th class="unsortable" width="120px">Associated with </th> <th class="unsortable" width="120px">Associated since </th> <th class="unsortable">Level of association </th> <th class="unsortable">International status </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Cook_Islands" title="Cook Islands">Cook Islands</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a> </td> <td>4 August 1965 </td> <td>New Zealand acts on behalf of the Cook Islands in foreign affairs and defence issues, but only when requested so by the Cook Islands government and with its <a href="/wiki/Advice_and_consent" title="Advice and consent">advice and consent</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Not a <a href="/wiki/Member_states_of_the_United_Nations" title="Member states of the United Nations">UN member state</a>. Independence in foreign relations recognised by the UN </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Niue" title="Niue">Niue</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a> </td> <td>19 October 1974 </td> <td>New Zealand acts on behalf of Niue in foreign affairs and defence issues, but only when requested so by the Niue government and with its advice and consent.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Not a UN member state. Independence in foreign relations recognised by the UN </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Marshall_Islands" title="Marshall Islands">Marshall Islands</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> </td> <td>21 October 1986 </td> <td>The United States provides defence, funding grants, and access to U.S. social services for citizens of these areas under the <a href="/wiki/Compact_of_Free_Association" title="Compact of Free Association">Compact of Free Association</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>UN member state </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Federated_States_of_Micronesia" title="Federated States of Micronesia">Federated States of Micronesia</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> </td> <td>3 November 1986 </td> <td>The United States provides defence, funding grants, and access to U.S. social services for citizens of these areas under the Compact of Free Association.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>UN member state </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Palau" title="Palau">Palau</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> </td> <td>1 October 1994 </td> <td>The United States provides defence, funding grants, and access to U.S. social services for citizens of these areas under the Compact of Free Association.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>UN member state </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Former_associated_states">Former associated states</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Associated_state&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Former associated states"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A formal association existed under the West Indies Act 1967 between the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> and the six <a href="/wiki/West_Indies_Associated_States" title="West Indies Associated States">West Indies Associated States</a>. These were former British colonies in the <a href="/wiki/Caribbean" title="Caribbean">Caribbean</a>: <a href="/wiki/Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="Antigua and Barbuda">Antigua</a> (1967–1981), <a href="/wiki/Dominica" title="Dominica">Dominica</a> (1967–1978), <a href="/wiki/Grenada" title="Grenada">Grenada</a> (1967–1974), <a href="/wiki/Saint_Christopher-Nevis-Anguilla" title="Saint Christopher-Nevis-Anguilla">Saint Christopher-Nevis-Anguilla</a> (1967–1983), <a href="/wiki/Saint_Lucia" title="Saint Lucia">Saint Lucia</a> (1967–1979), and <a href="/wiki/Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines" title="Saint Vincent and the Grenadines">Saint Vincent</a> (1969–1979). Under this arrangement, each state had internal self-government, but the UK retained responsibility for foreign relations and defence.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The United Nations never determined whether these associated states had achieved a full measure of self-government within the meaning of the <a href="/wiki/Charter_of_the_United_Nations" title="Charter of the United Nations">United Nations Charter</a> and General Assembly resolutions. Within a few years after the status of associated state was created, all six of the former associated states requested and were granted full independence, except for <a href="/wiki/Anguilla" title="Anguilla">Anguilla</a> within the former St. Kitts-Nevis-Anguilla union, which separated from the associated state before independence and became a British dependent territory on its own.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Shortly before the <a href="/wiki/Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Dissolution of the Soviet Union">dissolution of the Soviet Union</a> in 1991, the <a href="/wiki/Tatar_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Tatar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic">Tatar ASSR</a> unilaterally seceded from the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic" title="Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic">Russian SFSR</a>, as the "sovereign state" of <a href="/wiki/Tatarstan" title="Tatarstan">Tatarstan</a> and a "subject of international law". In 1994 Tatarstan and the <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russian Federation</a> entered into a treaty specifying that Tatarstan was "associated" with the latter (rather than being an integral part of it). Through the agreement, Tatarstan delegated certain powers (such as some foreign relations and defence) to Russia. Changes made to Tatarstan's constitution in 2002 have been seen by some commentators as fundamentally changing this relationship, with Tatarstan now functioning as essentially an integral part of Russia.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Proposed_associated_states">Proposed associated states</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Associated_state&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Proposed associated states"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>While Puerto Rico is described as a '<a href="/wiki/Estado_Libre_Asociado_de_Puerto_Rico" class="mw-redirect" title="Estado Libre Asociado de Puerto Rico">free associated state</a>' under its Spanish-language constitution, its status is not equivalent to that of a separate state under international law, since it legally remains a <a href="/wiki/Territories_of_the_United_States" title="Territories of the United States">U.S. territory</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some scholars and politicians have proposed Puerto Rico sign a <a href="/wiki/Compact_of_Free_Association" title="Compact of Free Association">Compact of Free Association</a> with the U.S. the <i><a href="/wiki/Sovereigntism_(Puerto_Rico)" title="Sovereigntism (Puerto Rico)">soberanista</a></i> movement advocates for the territory to be granted a freely associated status. The <a href="/wiki/2017_Puerto_Rican_status_referendum" title="2017 Puerto Rican status referendum">2017 status referendum</a> presented "Independence/Free Association" as an option; if the majority of voters had chosen it, a second round of voting would have been held to choose between free association and full independence. In 2022, the US Congress introduced the Puerto Rico Status Act, which would hold a federally-sponsored referendum on the territory's status, with a free association status expected to be presented as an option.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>similar to those in force in the Marshall Islands, Micronesia, and Palau.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A similar path has been proposed in order to update the political relationship between the <a href="/wiki/Faroe_Islands" title="Faroe Islands">Faroe Islands</a> and <a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a>, in which the former would become an associated state of the latter.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Guam" title="Government of Guam">government</a> of the U.S. unincorporated territory of <a href="/wiki/Guam" title="Guam">Guam</a>, led by then-<a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_Guam" title="List of governors of Guam">Governor</a> <a href="/wiki/Eddie_Baza_Calvo" title="Eddie Baza Calvo">Eddie Calvo</a>, started campaigning in early 2011 for a plebiscite on Guam's future political status, with free association following the model of the Marshall Islands, Micronesia, and Palau as one of the possible options.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The plebiscite, however, only allowed "native inhabitants" as defined under Guam law to register for it. A <a href="/wiki/White_people" title="White people">white</a>, non-<a href="/wiki/Chamorro_people" title="Chamorro people">Chamorro</a> resident, Arnold Davis, filed a federal lawsuit in 2011 for being denied registration for the plebiscite and a July 2019 ruling by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Ninth_Circuit" title="United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit">United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit</a> ultimately blocked the plebiscite on the basis that the law was race-based and violated constitutionally protected voting rights; the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Supreme Court of the United States">Supreme Court of the United States</a> declined to hear the Government of Guam's appeal in May 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2003, then-<a href="/wiki/Basque_Country_(autonomous_community)" title="Basque Country (autonomous community)">Basque Country</a> <a href="/wiki/Lehendakari" title="Lehendakari">president</a> <a href="/wiki/Juan_Jos%C3%A9_Ibarretxe" title="Juan José Ibarretxe">Juan José Ibarretxe</a> proposed to the <a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Deputies" title="Congress of Deputies">Spanish Congress of Deputies</a> a reform that would have transformed the region from an <a href="/wiki/Autonomous_communities_of_Spain" title="Autonomous communities of Spain">autonomous community</a> within <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a> into a state in free association, thus making Spain a <a href="/wiki/Confederation" title="Confederation">confederal state</a>. The proposal was overwhelmingly rejected by the Congress.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Tokelau" title="Tokelau">Tokelau</a> (a dependent territory of New Zealand) voted on a <a href="/wiki/2006_Tokelauan_self-determination_referendum" title="2006 Tokelauan self-determination referendum">referendum in February 2006</a> to determine whether it wanted to remain a New Zealand territory or become the third state in free association with New Zealand (after the Cook Islands and Niue). While a majority of voters chose free association, the vote did not meet the two-thirds threshold needed for approval. A similar <a href="/wiki/2007_Tokelauan_self-determination_referendum" title="2007 Tokelauan self-determination referendum">referendum in October 2007</a> under United Nations supervision yielded similar results, with the proposed free association falling 16 votes short of approval.<sup id="cite_ref-NZ_Herald_10472094_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NZ_Herald_10472094-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The establishment of a <a href="/wiki/Bangsamoro_Juridical_Entity" title="Bangsamoro Juridical Entity">Bangsamoro Juridical Entity</a> (BJE) was proposed in 2008 by the <a href="/wiki/Moro_Islamic_Liberation_Front" title="Moro Islamic Liberation Front">Moro Islamic Liberation Front</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a>. The two parties were to sign a memorandum of agreement on ancestral domain which would lead to the establishment of a new autonomous government in the southern Philippines. However the deal was halted by the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_Philippines" title="Supreme Court of the Philippines">Supreme Court of the Philippines</a>, which ruled that the BJE's proposed "associative relationship" with the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_the_Philippines" title="Government of the Philippines">Philippine national government</a> was incompatible with the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_Philippines" title="Constitution of the Philippines">Constitution of the Philippines</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some form of free association has been suggested as a solution to occasional calls of <a href="/wiki/Self-determination" title="Self-determination">self-determination</a> by the people of <a href="/wiki/Tobago" title="Tobago">Tobago</a>, the smaller island within the country of <a href="/wiki/Trinidad_and_Tobago" title="Trinidad and Tobago">Trinidad and Tobago</a>, either within the single state (analogous to the situation of <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a> within the United Kingdom) or as a separate political entity.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to statements of officials of <a href="/wiki/Abkhazia" title="Abkhazia">Abkhazia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Transnistria" title="Transnistria">Transnistria</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_states_with_limited_recognition" title="List of states with limited recognition">self-proclaimed partially recognized republics</a> seceded from the former <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">USSR's</a> <a href="/wiki/Republics_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Republics of the Soviet Union">constituent republics</a> of <a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)">Georgia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Moldova" title="Moldova">Moldova</a> respectively), both intend, after recognition of their independence, to become associated states of the Russian Federation. In Transnistria a <a href="/wiki/2006_Transnistrian_independence_referendum" title="2006 Transnistrian independence referendum">referendum took place in September 2006</a>, in which secession from Moldova and "future free association" with Russia was approved by a margin of 97%, even though the results of the referendum were internationally unrecognised.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_comparable_relationships">Other comparable relationships</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Associated_state&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Other comparable relationships"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Other situations exist where one state has power over another political unit. Dependent territories and the United Kingdom's <a href="/wiki/Crown_Dependencies" title="Crown Dependencies">Crown dependencies</a> are examples of this, where an area has its own political system and often internal self-government, but does not have overall sovereignty. In a loose form of association, some sovereign states cede some power to other states, often in terms of foreign affairs and defence.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="States_currently_ceding_power_to_another_state">States currently ceding power to another state</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Associated_state&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: States currently ceding power to another state"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Suzerainty" title="Suzerainty">Suzerainty</a></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th width="120px">Associated state </th> <th class="unsortable" width="120px">Associated with </th> <th class="unsortable" width="90px">Associated since </th> <th class="unsortable">Level of association </th> <th class="unsortable" width="120px">International status </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Andorra" title="Andorra">Andorra</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a> and<br /><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> </td> <td>1278 </td> <td>Defence is the responsibility of Spain and France.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Andorra is a co-principality between the head of state of France (currently the <a href="/wiki/President_of_France" title="President of France">president</a>) and the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Urgell" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Urgell">Bishop of Urgell</a>. </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Member_states_of_the_United_Nations" title="Member states of the United Nations">UN member state</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kiribati" title="Kiribati">Kiribati</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a> and<br /><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a> </td> <td>1979 </td> <td>Kiribati has no military. National defence is provided by Australia and New Zealand.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>UN member state </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Liechtenstein" title="Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a> </td> <td>1923 </td> <td>Although the head of state represents Liechtenstein in its international relations, Switzerland has taken responsibility for much of Liechtenstein's diplomatic relations. Liechtenstein maintains no military.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>UN member state </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Monaco" title="Monaco">Monaco</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> </td> <td>1861 </td> <td>France has agreed to defend the independence and sovereignty of Monaco, while the Monegasque government has agreed to exercise its sovereign rights in conformity with French interests, which was reaffirmed by the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Versailles" title="Treaty of Versailles">Treaty of Versailles</a> in 1919.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>UN member state </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Nauru" title="Nauru">Nauru</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a> </td> <td>1968 </td> <td>Nauru has no military. Australia informally takes responsibility for its defence.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>UN member state </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Samoa" title="Samoa">Samoa</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a> </td> <td>1914 </td> <td>Samoa has no regular military. New Zealand provides defence under an informal agreement, but Samoa is regarded as fully independent.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>UN member state </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/San_Marino" title="San Marino">San Marino</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a> </td> <td>1939 </td> <td>Defence is the responsibility of Italy by arrangement.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>UN member state </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Vatican_City" title="Vatican City">Vatican City</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a> (since 1506)<br /><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a> (since 1929) </td> <td>1506 (with <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a>)<br /> 1929 (with <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a>) </td> <td>According to the <a href="/wiki/Lateran_Treaty" title="Lateran Treaty">Lateran Treaty</a>, anyone who loses Vatican City citizenship and possesses no other citizenship automatically becomes an Italian citizen. The military defence of the Vatican City is provided by Italy and it uses the <a href="/wiki/Swiss_Guard" title="Swiss Guard">Pontifical Swiss Guard</a>, founded by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Julius_II" title="Pope Julius II">Pope Julius II</a> and provided by Switzerland, as the Pope's bodyguards.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly_observers" title="United Nations General Assembly observers">UN General Assembly observer state</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="States_formerly_ceding_power_to_another_state">States formerly ceding power to another state</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Associated_state&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: States formerly ceding power to another state"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Iceland" title="Iceland">Iceland</a>, formerly part of <a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a>, became a nominally sovereign state in 1918. It remained in a personal union with the <a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Denmark" title="Monarchy of Denmark">Danish Crown</a> and continued to have a common foreign policy with Denmark until 1944, when it became fully independent.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Bhutan" title="Bhutan">Bhutan</a>, a former <a href="/wiki/Protectorate" title="Protectorate">protectorate</a> of <a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">British India</a>, agreed in a 1949 treaty to allow the newly independent <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> to guide its foreign relations in a relatively loose form of association, which resulted in Bhutan sometimes being described as a "protected state".<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This relationship was updated in a 2007 treaty, in which the provision requiring Bhutan to accept India's guidance on foreign policy was rescinded.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Microstates_as_modern_protected_states">Microstates as modern protected states</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Associated_state&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Microstates as modern protected states"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The existence of free relationship based on both delegation of sovereignty and benign protection can be seen as a defining feature of microstates. According to the definition of microstates proposed by Dumienski (2014): "Microstates are modern protected states, i.e. sovereign states that have been able to unilaterally depute certain attributes of sovereignty to larger powers in exchange for benign protection of their political and economic viability against their geographic or demographic constraints."<sup id="cite_ref-:0_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Adopting this approach permits separating microstates from both small states and autonomies or dependencies. Microstates understood as modern protected states may include such states as <a href="/wiki/Liechtenstein" title="Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a>, <a href="/wiki/San_Marino" title="San Marino">San Marino</a>, <a href="/wiki/Monaco" title="Monaco">Monaco</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vatican_City" title="Vatican City">Vatican City</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andorra" title="Andorra">Andorra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Niue" title="Niue">Niue</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Cook_Islands" title="Cook Islands">Cook Islands</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Palau" title="Palau">Palau</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Associated_state&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_realm" title="Commonwealth realm">Commonwealth realm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crown_Dependencies" title="Crown Dependencies">Crown dependency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominion" title="Dominion">Dominion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/External_association" title="External association">External association</a>, 1921 proposed relationship between Ireland and the United Kingdom</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Home_rule" title="Home rule">Home rule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-governing_colony" title="Self-governing colony">Self-governing colony</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Associated_state&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Arranged by date of free association.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Associated_state&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626" /><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-resolution_1541_(XV)-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-resolution_1541_(XV)_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>See</i>: the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly" title="United Nations General Assembly">General Assembly</a> of the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a> approved <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://unyearbook.un.org/1960YUN/1960_P1_SEC3_CH4.pdf">resolution 1541 (XV)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120121100604/http://unyearbook.un.org/1960YUN/1960_P1_SEC3_CH4.pdf">Archived</a> 21 January 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (pages: 509–510) defining free association with an independent State, integration into an independent State, or independence</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFIgarashi2002" class="citation book cs1">Igarashi, Masahiro (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1peIxEyy1o0C&q=associated+statehood+in+international+law"><i>Associated Statehood in International Law</i></a>. The Hague, Netherlands: Kluwer Law International. p. 24. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/90-411-1710-5" title="Special:BookSources/90-411-1710-5"><bdi>90-411-1710-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Associated+Statehood+in+International+Law&rft.place=The+Hague%2C+Netherlands&rft.pages=24&rft.pub=Kluwer+Law+International&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=90-411-1710-5&rft.aulast=Igarashi&rft.aufirst=Masahiro&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D1peIxEyy1o0C%26q%3Dassociated%2Bstatehood%2Bin%2Binternational%2Blaw&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssociated+state" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://indochine.uqam.ca/en/historical-dictionary/77-associated-states-of-indochina.html">"UQAM | Guerre d'Indochine | ASSOCIATED STATES OF INDOCHINA"</a>. <i>indochine.uqam.ca</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=indochine.uqam.ca&rft.atitle=UQAM+%26%23124%3B+Guerre+d%27Indochine+%26%23124%3B+ASSOCIATED+STATES+OF+INDOCHINA&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Findochine.uqam.ca%2Fen%2Fhistorical-dictionary%2F77-associated-states-of-indochina.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssociated+state" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRivlin,_Benjamin1982" class="citation journal cs1">Rivlin, Benjamin (1982). "The United States and Moroccan International Status, 1943-1956: A Contributory Factor in Morocco's Reassertion of Independence from France". <i>The International Journal of African Historical Studies</i>. <b>15</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">64–</span>82. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F218449">10.2307/218449</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/218449">218449</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+International+Journal+of+African+Historical+Studies&rft.atitle=The+United+States+and+Moroccan+International+Status%2C+1943-1956%3A+A+Contributory+Factor+in+Morocco%27s+Reassertion+of+Independence+from+France&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E64-%3C%2Fspan%3E82&rft.date=1982&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F218449&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F218449%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.au=Rivlin%2C+Benjamin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssociated+state" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rozenbergquarterly.com/extended-statehood-in-the-caribbean-fifty-years-of-commonwealth-the-contradictions-of-free-associated-statehood-in-puerto-rico/">"Extended Statehood in the Caribbean ~ Fifty Years of Commonwealth ~ The Contradictions Of Free Associated Statehood in Puerto Rico : Rozenberg Quarterly"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Extended+Statehood+in+the+Caribbean+~+Fifty+Years+of+Commonwealth+~+The+Contradictions+Of+Free+Associated+Statehood+in+Puerto+Rico+%3A+Rozenberg+Quarterly&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frozenbergquarterly.com%2Fextended-statehood-in-the-caribbean-fifty-years-of-commonwealth-the-contradictions-of-free-associated-statehood-in-puerto-rico%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssociated+state" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191018000656/http://www.bu.edu/law/workingpapers-archive/documents/lawsong_and_sloaner040809rev.pdf">"The Constitutionality Of Decolonization By Associated Statehood: Puerto Rico's Legal Status Reconsidered"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bu.edu/law/workingpapers-archive/documents/lawsong_and_sloaner040809rev.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 18 October 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 October</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Constitutionality+Of+Decolonization+By+Associated+Statehood%3A+Puerto+Rico%27s+Legal+Status+Reconsidered&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bu.edu%2Flaw%2Fworkingpapers-archive%2Fdocuments%2Flawsong_and_sloaner040809rev.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssociated+state" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lal2006-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Lal2006_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBrij_V_Lal2006" class="citation book cs1">Brij V Lal (22 September 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Z2R3Nk3jUlsC&pg=PA297">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Pacific Island talks': Commonwealth Office notes on four-power talks in Washington"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Z2R3Nk3jUlsC"><i>British Documents on the End of Empire Project Series B Volume 10: Fiji</i></a>. University of London: Institute of Commonwealth Studies. p. 308. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780112905899" title="Special:BookSources/9780112905899"><bdi>9780112905899</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=%27Pacific+Island+talks%27%3A+Commonwealth+Office+notes+on+four-power+talks+in+Washington&rft.btitle=British+Documents+on+the+End+of+Empire+Project+Series+B+Volume+10%3A+Fiji&rft.pages=308&rft.pub=University+of+London%3A+Institute+of+Commonwealth+Studies&rft.date=2006-09-22&rft.isbn=9780112905899&rft.au=Brij+V+Lal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZ2R3Nk3jUlsC%26pg%3DPA297&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssociated+state" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mfai-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-mfai_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mfai_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mfai.gov.ck/attachments/068_WELLINGTON-1129712-v1-CookIslands%20%20Constitutional%20Status%20and%20International%20Personality%20%20informationpaper.pdf">Cook Islands: Constitutional Status and International Personality, New Zealand Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade, May 2005</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304000423/http://www.mfai.gov.ck/attachments/068_WELLINGTON-1129712-v1-CookIslands%20%20Constitutional%20Status%20and%20International%20Personality%20%20informationpaper.pdf">Archived</a> 4 March 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-indep-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-indep_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.parliament.gov.ck/Constitution.pdf">Cook Islands Constitution</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150924064410/http://www.parliament.gov.ck/Constitution.pdf">Archived</a> 24 September 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> "Except as provided by Act of the Parliament of the Cook Islands, no Act, and no provision of any Act, of the Parliament of New Zealand passed after the commencement of this Article shall extend or be deemed to extend to the Cook Islands as part of the law of the Cook Islands."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-abstract-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-abstract_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.niue.de/index.php?did=niueabstracts.pdf">Niue Abstracts Part 1 A (General Information); page 18</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160121015618/http://www.niue.de/index.php?did=niueabstracts.pdf">Archived</a> 21 January 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> "The New Zealand Parliament has no power to make laws in respect of Niue on any matter, except with the express request and consent of the Niue Government."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1peIxEyy1o0C&dq=cook+islands+under+international+law&pg=PA259">Court various statements, page 262–264</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nonUN-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nonUN_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nonUN_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://legal.un.org/repertory/art102/english/rep_supp8_vol6-art102_e_advance.pdf">Repertory of Practice of United Nations Organs Supplement No. 8; page 10</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131019223055/http://legal.un.org/repertory/art102/english/rep_supp8_vol6-art102_e_advance.pdf">Archived</a> 19 October 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Cook Islands since 1992, and Niue since 1994.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-JCD-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-JCD_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130527152705/http://www.cook-islands.org/files/nz-cki.pdf">"JOINT CENTENARY DECLARATION of the Principles of the Relationship between the Cook Islands and New Zealand, 6 April 2001"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cook-islands.org/files/nz-cki.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 27 May 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=JOINT+CENTENARY+DECLARATION+of+the+Principles+of+the+Relationship+between+the+Cook+Islands+and+New+Zealand%2C+6+April+2001&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cook-islands.org%2Ffiles%2Fnz-cki.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssociated+state" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://untreaty.un.org/ola-internet/Assistance/Summary.htm">UN Office of Legal Affairs</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110728142815/http://untreaty.un.org/ola-internet/Assistance/Summary.htm">Archived</a> 28 July 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Page 23, number 86 "...the question of the status, as a State, of the Cook Islands, had been duly decided in the affirmative..."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cookislands.de/index.php?did=cookisstatus.pdf">The Cook Islands' unique constitutional and international status, page 9</a> Cook Islands and Niue do not have citizenship on their own and the <a href="/wiki/Cook_Islanders" title="Cook Islanders">Cook Islanders</a> and <a href="/wiki/Niue" title="Niue">Niueans</a> have <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_nationality_law" title="New Zealand nationality law">New Zealand citizenship</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.upf.pf/IMG/pdf/12-RJP15-Pacific-Constitutions.pdf">Pacific Constitutions Overview, p.7</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120305064608/http://www.upf.pf/IMG/pdf/12-RJP15-Pacific-Constitutions.pdf">Archived</a> 5 March 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> – Niue Entry, Residence and Departure Act 1985.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCIA2010" class="citation web cs1">CIA (15 July 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/cook-islands/">"The Cook Islands at the CIA's page"</a>. CIA<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 July</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Cook+Islands+at+the+CIA%27s+page&rft.pub=CIA&rft.date=2010-07-15&rft.au=CIA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Fcountries%2Fcook-islands%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssociated+state" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGovernment_of_New_Zealand" class="citation web cs1">Government of New Zealand. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://legislation.govt.nz/act/public/1964/0069/latest/whole.html">"Cook Islands Constitution Act 1964"</a>. New Zealand Parliamentary Counsel Office<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 August</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Cook+Islands+Constitution+Act+1964&rft.pub=New+Zealand+Parliamentary+Counsel+Office&rft.au=Government+of+New+Zealand&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flegislation.govt.nz%2Fact%2Fpublic%2F1964%2F0069%2Flatest%2Fwhole.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssociated+state" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGovernment_of_New_Zealand" class="citation web cs1">Government of New Zealand. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://legislation.govt.nz/regulation/public/1965/0128/latest/whole.html">"Cook Islands Constitution Commencement Order 1965"</a>. New Zealand Parliamentary Counsel Office<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 August</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Cook+Islands+Constitution+Commencement+Order+1965&rft.pub=New+Zealand+Parliamentary+Counsel+Office&rft.au=Government+of+New+Zealand&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flegislation.govt.nz%2Fregulation%2Fpublic%2F1965%2F0128%2Flatest%2Fwhole.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssociated+state" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCIA2010" class="citation web cs1">CIA (15 July 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/niue/">"Niue at the CIA's page"</a>. CIA<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 July</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Niue+at+the+CIA%27s+page&rft.pub=CIA&rft.date=2010-07-15&rft.au=CIA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Fcountries%2Fniue%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssociated+state" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGovernment_of_New_Zealand" class="citation web cs1">Government of New Zealand. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://legislation.govt.nz/act/public/1974/0042/latest/whole.html">"Niue Constitution Act 1974"</a>. New Zealand Parliamentary Counsel Office<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 August</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Niue+Constitution+Act+1974&rft.pub=New+Zealand+Parliamentary+Counsel+Office&rft.au=Government+of+New+Zealand&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flegislation.govt.nz%2Fact%2Fpublic%2F1974%2F0042%2Flatest%2Fwhole.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssociated+state" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCIA2010" class="citation web cs1">CIA (15 July 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/marshall-islands/">"Marshall Islands at the CIA's page"</a>. CIA<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 July</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Marshall+Islands+at+the+CIA%27s+page&rft.pub=CIA&rft.date=2010-07-15&rft.au=CIA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Fcountries%2Fmarshall-islands%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssociated+state" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCIA2010" class="citation web cs1">CIA (15 July 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/micronesia-federated-states-of/">"FSM at the CIA's page"</a>. CIA<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 July</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=FSM+at+the+CIA%27s+page&rft.pub=CIA&rft.date=2010-07-15&rft.au=CIA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Fcountries%2Fmicronesia-federated-states-of%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssociated+state" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCIA2010" class="citation web cs1">CIA (15 July 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/palau/">"Palau at the CIA's page"</a>. CIA<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 July</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Palau+at+the+CIA%27s+page&rft.pub=CIA&rft.date=2010-07-15&rft.au=CIA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Fcountries%2Fpalau%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssociated+state" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBroderick,_Margaret1968" class="citation journal cs1">Broderick, Margaret (1968). "Associated Statehood: A New Form of Decolonisation". <i>The International and Comparative Law Quarterly</i>. <b>17</b> (2): <span class="nowrap">368–</span>403. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Ficlqaj%2F17.2.368">10.1093/iclqaj/17.2.368</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/757111">757111</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+International+and+Comparative+Law+Quarterly&rft.atitle=Associated+Statehood%3A+A+New+Form+of+Decolonisation&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E368-%3C%2Fspan%3E403&rft.date=1968&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Ficlqaj%2F17.2.368&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F757111%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.au=Broderick%2C+Margaret&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssociated+state" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFStowe-Thurston2016" class="citation journal cs1">Stowe-Thurston, Abigail (29 April 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://digitalcommons.macalester.edu/russ_honors/1/">"A State of the Union: Federation and Autonomy in Tatarstan"</a>. <i>Russian Studies Honors Projects</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 June</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Philippine+Star&rft.atitle=Supreme+Court+declares+ancestral+domain+deal+%27unconstitutional%27&rft.date=2008-10-15&rft.aulast=Frialde&rft.aufirst=Mike&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.philstar.com%2Fheadlines%2F2008%2F10%2F15%2F407371%2Fsupreme-court-declares-ancestral-domain-deal-unconstitutional&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssociated+state" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCayabyab2014" class="citation news cs1">Cayabyab, Marc Jayson (28 October 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/647404/2-ex-magistrates-clash-over-bangsamoro-bills-constitutionality">"2 ex-magistrates clash over Bangsamoro bill's constitutionality"</a>. <i>Philippine Daily Inquirer</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 June</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Philippine+Daily+Inquirer&rft.atitle=2+ex-magistrates+clash+over+Bangsamoro+bill%27s+constitutionality&rft.date=2014-10-28&rft.aulast=Cayabyab&rft.aufirst=Marc+Jayson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnewsinfo.inquirer.net%2F647404%2F2-ex-magistrates-clash-over-bangsamoro-bills-constitutionality&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssociated+state" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFVanus_JamesWinford_James2021" class="citation web cs1">Vanus James; Winford James (27 June 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://newsday.co.tt/2021/06/27/reflections-on-the-constitution-amendment-tobago-self-government-bill-2021/">"Reflections on the Constitution (Amendment) (Tobago Self-Government) Bill, 2021"</a>. <i>Trinidad & Tobago Newsday</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 July</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Holy+See+%28Vatican+City%29+at+the+CIA%27s+page&rft.pub=CIA&rft.date=2010-07-15&rft.au=CIA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Flibrary%2Fpublications%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Fgeos%2Fvt.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssociated+state" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGaeblerShea2014" class="citation book cs1">Gaebler, Ralph; Shea, Alison (6 June 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-FH3AwAAQBAJ&q=iceland+associated+state+1918&pg=PA177"><i>Sources of State Practice in International Law: Second Revised Edition</i></a>. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789004272224" title="Special:BookSources/9789004272224"><bdi>9789004272224</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sources+of+State+Practice+in+International+Law%3A+Second+Revised+Edition&rft.pub=Martinus+Nijhoff+Publishers&rft.date=2014-06-06&rft.isbn=9789004272224&rft.aulast=Gaebler&rft.aufirst=Ralph&rft.au=Shea%2C+Alison&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-FH3AwAAQBAJ%26q%3Diceland%2Bassociated%2Bstate%2B1918%26pg%3DPA177&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssociated+state" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mea.gov.in/pressrelease/2007/03/treaty.pdf">"Indo-Bhutan Friendship Treaty"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Indo-Bhutan+Friendship+Treaty&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mea.gov.in%2Fpressrelease%2F2007%2F03%2Ftreaty.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssociated+state" class="Z3988"></span> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(30.6 <a href="/wiki/Kibibyte" class="mw-redirect" title="Kibibyte">KiB</a>)</span>)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFChawla2019" class="citation web cs1">Chawla, Swati (8 February 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thewire.in/south-asia/how-bhutan-came-to-not-be-a-part-of-india">"How Bhutan Came to Not Be a Part of India"</a>. <i>The Wire</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Wire&rft.atitle=How+Bhutan+Came+to+Not+Be+a+Part+of+India&rft.date=2019-02-08&rft.aulast=Chawla&rft.aufirst=Swati&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthewire.in%2Fsouth-asia%2Fhow-bhutan-came-to-not-be-a-part-of-india&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssociated+state" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWhelpton2008" class="citation journal cs1">Whelpton, John (1 February 2008). "Nepal and Bhutan in 2007: Seeking an Elusive Consensus". <i>Asian Survey</i>. <b>48</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">184–</span>190. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1525%2Fas.2008.48.1.184">10.1525/as.2008.48.1.184</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Asian+Survey&rft.atitle=Nepal+and+Bhutan+in+2007%3A+Seeking+an+Elusive+Consensus&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E184-%3C%2Fspan%3E190&rft.date=2008-02-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1525%2Fas.2008.48.1.184&rft.aulast=Whelpton&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssociated+state" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:0_60-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDumieński2014" class="citation web cs1">Dumieński, Zbigniew (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140714195156/http://ams.hi.is/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/Microstates_OccasionalPaper.pdf">"Microstates as Modern Protected States: Towards a New Definition of Micro-Statehood"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Occasional Paper. Centre for Small State Studies. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ams.hi.is/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/Microstates_OccasionalPaper.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 14 July 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 August</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Microstates+as+Modern+Protected+States%3A+Towards+a+New+Definition+of+Micro-Statehood&rft.series=Occasional+Paper&rft.pub=Centre+for+Small+State+Studies&rft.date=2014&rft.aulast=Dumie%C5%84ski&rft.aufirst=Zbigniew&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fams.hi.is%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2014%2F04%2FMicrostates_OccasionalPaper.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssociated+state" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output 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.navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Autonomous_types_of_first-tier_subdivision_administration152" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Autonomous_types_of_first-tier_administration" title="Template:Autonomous types of first-tier administration"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Autonomous_types_of_first-tier_administration" title="Template talk:Autonomous types of first-tier administration"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Autonomous_types_of_first-tier_administration" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Autonomous types of first-tier 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href="/wiki/Dual_federalism" title="Dual federalism">Dual federalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_federalism" title="Ethnic federalism">Ethnic federalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federacy" title="Federacy">Federacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_monarchy" title="Federal monarchy">Federal monarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_republic" title="Federal republic">Federal republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federated_state" title="Federated state">Federated state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federation" title="Federation">Federation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiscal_federalism" title="Fiscal federalism">Fiscal federalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symmetric_federalism" title="Symmetric federalism">Symmetric federalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_countries" class="mw-redirect" title="List of federal countries">List of federal countries</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Unitary_state" title="Unitary state">Unitary state</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Devolution" title="Devolution">Devolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regional_state" title="Regional state">Regional state</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Unions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Composite_monarchy" title="Composite monarchy">Composite monarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dual_monarchy" title="Dual monarchy">Dual monarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dynastic_union" title="Dynastic union">Dynastic union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empire" title="Empire">Empire</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Colonial_empire" title="Colonial empire">Colonial empire</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multinational_state" title="Multinational state">Multinational state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personal_union" title="Personal union">Personal union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_union" title="Political union">Political union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Real_union" title="Real union">Real union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superstate" title="Superstate">Superstate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supranational_union" title="Supranational union">Supranational union</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Continental_union" title="Continental union">Continental union</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Subordinacy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Associated state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Client_state" title="Client state">Client state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colony" title="Colony">Colony</a></li> <li><a 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style="width:1%">Development</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Annexation" title="Annexation">Annexation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cession" title="Cession">Cession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Detachment_(territory)" title="Detachment (territory)">Detachment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irredentism" title="Irredentism">Irredentism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_occupation" title="Military occupation">Military occupation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Partition_(politics)" title="Partition (politics)">Partition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secession" title="Secession">Secession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Separatism" title="Separatism">Separatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territorial_dispute" title="Territorial dispute">Territorial dispute</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Self-governance" title="Self-governance">Autonomy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_administrative_division" title="Autonomous administrative division">Autonomous area</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decentralization" title="Decentralization">Decentralization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hegemony" title="Hegemony">Hegemony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Home_rule" title="Home rule">Home rule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stateless_nation" title="Stateless nation">Stateless nation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subsidiarity" title="Subsidiarity">Subsidiarity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suzerainty" title="Suzerainty">Suzerainty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tribal_sovereignty_in_the_United_States" title="Tribal sovereignty in the United States">Tribal sovereignty</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link 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talk:Types of administrative division"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Types_of_administrative_division" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Types of administrative division"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Designations_for_types_of_administrative_division519" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Designations for types of <a href="/wiki/Administrative_division" title="Administrative division">administrative division</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="English_terms519" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_terms_for_administrative_divisions" title="List of terms for administrative divisions">English terms</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Common_English_terms39" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Common English terms</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Area</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Insular_area" title="Insular area">Insular area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Local_government_area" title="Local government area">Local government area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_Areas_Board" title="Special Areas Board">Special area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unincorporated_area" title="Unincorporated area">Unincorporated area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unorganized_area" title="Unorganized area">Unorganized area</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Borough" title="Borough">Borough</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/County_borough" title="County borough">County borough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_borough" title="Metropolitan borough">Metropolitan borough</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Canton_(administrative_division)" title="Canton (administrative division)">Canton</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Half-canton" class="mw-redirect" title="Half-canton">Half-canton</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Capital_city" title="Capital city">Capital</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Federal_capital" title="Federal capital">Federal capital</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Capital_city#Origins" title="Capital city">Imperial capital</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/City" title="City">City</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_city" title="Autonomous city">Autonomous city</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charter_city" class="mw-redirect" title="Charter city">Charter city</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_city" title="Independent city">Independent city</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Incorporated_city" class="mw-redirect" title="Incorporated city">Incorporated city</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Imperial_city" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperial city">Imperial city</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Free_imperial_city" title="Free imperial city">Free imperial city</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Royal_free_city" title="Royal free city">Royal free city</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Community_(administrative_division)" title="Community (administrative division)">Community</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_communities_of_Spain" title="Autonomous communities of Spain">Autonomous community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Residential_community" title="Residential community">Residential community</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/County" title="County">County</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_county" title="Administrative county">Administrative county</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_county" title="Autonomous county">Autonomous county</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consolidated_city-county" title="Consolidated city-county">Consolidated city-county</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_seat" title="County seat">County seat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_town" title="County town">County town</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_county" title="Metropolitan county">Metropolitan county</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Non-metropolitan_county" title="Non-metropolitan county">Non-metropolitan county</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regional_county_municipality" title="Regional county municipality">Regional county municipality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viscountcy" class="mw-redirect" title="Viscountcy">Viscounty</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Country" title="Country">Country</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Overseas_country" class="mw-redirect" title="Overseas country">Overseas country</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Department_(administrative_division)" title="Department (administrative division)">Department</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Overseas_department" class="mw-redirect" title="Overseas department">Overseas department</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/District" title="District">District</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Capital_district" class="mw-redirect" title="Capital district">Capital district</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_district" title="City district">City district</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congressional_district" title="Congressional district">Congressional district</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electoral_district" title="Electoral district">Electoral district</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_district" title="Federal district">Federal district</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_government_district" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian government district">Indian government district</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_district" title="Land district">Land district</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_Manitoba#Local_government_districts" title="List of municipalities in Manitoba">Local government district</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_district" class="mw-redirect" title="Metropolitan district">Metropolitan district</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Non-metropolitan_district" title="Non-metropolitan district">Non-metropolitan district</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_district" title="Military district">Military district</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipal_district" title="Municipal district">Municipal district</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Police_district" title="Police district">Police district</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regional_district" title="Regional district">Regional district</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rural_district" title="Rural district">Rural district</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanitary_district" title="Sanitary district">Sanitary district</a></li> <li>Service district <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Educational_service_district_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Educational service district (disambiguation)">Educational service district</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Local_service_district_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Local service district (disambiguation)">Local service district</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/School_district" title="School district">School district</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Intermediate_school_district" title="Intermediate school district">Intermediate school district</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_district_(United_States)" title="Special district (United States)">Special district</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Special_district_(United_States)" title="Special district (United States)">in the US</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urban_district" title="Urban district">Urban district</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Division_(political_geography)" title="Division (political geography)">Division</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Census_division" title="Census division">Census division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Police_division" title="Police division">Police division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revenue_division" class="mw-redirect" title="Revenue division">Subdivision of India</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Indian reserve/reservation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indian_reservation" title="Indian reservation">Indian reservation</a> (United States)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_reserve" title="Indian reserve">Indian reserve</a> (Canada)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Municipality" title="Municipality">Municipality</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/City_municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="City municipality">City municipality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_municipality" title="County municipality">County municipality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Direct-controlled_municipality" title="Direct-controlled municipality">Direct-controlled municipality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/District_municipality" title="District municipality">District municipality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neutral_municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Neutral municipality">Neutral municipality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regional_municipality" title="Regional municipality">Regional municipality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resort_municipality" title="Resort municipality">Resort municipality</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mountain_resort_municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Mountain resort municipality">Mountain resort municipality</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rural_municipality" title="Rural municipality">Rural municipality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Specialized_municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Specialized municipality">Specialized municipality</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Prefecture" title="Prefecture">Prefecture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_prefecture" title="Autonomous prefecture">Autonomous prefecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subprefecture" title="Subprefecture">Subprefecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Super-prefecture" class="mw-redirect" title="Super-prefecture">Super-prefecture</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Praetorian_prefecture" title="Praetorian prefecture">Praetorian prefecture</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Province" title="Province">Province</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_province" title="Autonomous province">Autonomous province</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Overseas_province" title="Overseas province">Overseas province</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Roman_province" title="Roman province">Roman province</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Region" title="Region">Region</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Administrative region <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Special_administrative_region" title="Special administrative region">Special administrative region</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_region" class="mw-redirect" title="Autonomous region">Autonomous region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capital_region" title="Capital region">Capital region</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_capital_region" class="mw-redirect" title="National capital region">National capital region</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Development_region" title="Development region">Development region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesoregion_(geography)" title="Mesoregion (geography)">Mesoregion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microregion" title="Microregion">Microregion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overseas_region" class="mw-redirect" title="Overseas region">Overseas region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subregion_(administrative_division)" title="Subregion (administrative division)">Subregion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Federated_state" title="Federated state">State</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Proto-state" class="mw-redirect" title="Proto-state">Proto-state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City-state" title="City-state">City-state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_state" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal state">Federal state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_state_(polity)" title="Free state (polity)">Free state</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sovereign_state" title="Sovereign state">Sovereign state</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Territory" title="Territory">Territory</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Capital_territory" class="mw-redirect" title="Capital territory">Capital territory</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Federal_capital_territory" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal capital territory">Federal capital territory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_capital_territory" class="mw-redirect" title="National capital territory">National capital territory</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">Dependent territory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_territory" title="Federal territory">Federal territory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Incorporated_territory" class="mw-redirect" title="Incorporated territory">Incorporated territory</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Organized_incorporated_territory" class="mw-redirect" title="Organized incorporated territory">Organized incorporated territory</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overseas_territory" class="mw-redirect" title="Overseas territory">Overseas territory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_territory" title="Union territory">Union territory</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Town" title="Town">Town</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Census_town" title="Census town">Census town</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Market_town" title="Market town">Market town</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Township" title="Township">Township</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charter_township" title="Charter township">Charter township</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_township" title="Civil township">Civil township</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paper_township" title="Paper township">Paper township</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Survey_township" title="Survey township">Survey township</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urban_township" title="Urban township">Urban township</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Unit</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Regional_unit" class="mw-redirect" title="Regional unit">Regional unit</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Zone</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Economic zone <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Exclusive_economic_zone" title="Exclusive economic zone">Exclusive economic zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_economic_zone" class="mw-redirect" title="Free economic zone">Free economic zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_economic_zone" title="Special economic zone">Special economic zone</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exclusion_zone" title="Exclusion zone">Exclusion zone</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Military_exclusion_zone" title="Military exclusion zone">Military exclusion zone</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_speech_zone" title="Free speech zone">Free speech zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neutral_zone_(territorial_entity)" title="Neutral zone (territorial entity)">Neutral zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-administered_zone" title="Self-administered zone">Self-administered zone</a></li> <li>Trade zone <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Free-trade_zone" title="Free-trade zone">Free-trade zone</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Other_English_terms39" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Other English terms</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_Victoria#Alpine_resorts" title="Local government in Victoria">Alpine resort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bailiwick" title="Bailiwick">Bailiwick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banner_(administrative_division)" title="Banner (administrative division)">Banner</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banners_of_Inner_Mongolia" title="Banners of Inner Mongolia">Autonomous</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Block_(district_subdivision)" title="Block (district subdivision)">Block</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cadastre" title="Cadastre">Cadastre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circle_(administrative_division)" title="Circle (administrative division)">Circle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circuit_(administrative_division)" title="Circuit (administrative division)">Circuit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colony" title="Colony">Colony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipality" title="Municipality">Commune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Condominium_(international_law)" title="Condominium (international law)">Condominium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constituency_(administrative_division)" class="mw-redirect" title="Constituency (administrative division)">Constituency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy" title="Duchy">Duchy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/District_duchy" title="District duchy">District</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elderships_of_Lithuania" title="Elderships of Lithuania">Eldership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emirate" title="Emirate">Emirate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enclave_and_exclave" title="Enclave and exclave">Enclave and exclave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Dependencies_of_Venezuela" title="Federal Dependencies of Venezuela">Federal dependency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governorate" title="Governorate">Governorate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamlet_(place)" title="Hamlet (place)">Hamlet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manorialism" title="Manorialism">Manor</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Royal_manor" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal manor">Royal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muftiate" title="Muftiate">Muftiate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neighbourhood" title="Neighbourhood">Neighbourhood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parish_(administrative_division)" title="Parish (administrative division)">Parish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electoral_precinct" title="Electoral precinct">Precinct</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principality" title="Principality">Principality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protectorate" title="Protectorate">Protectorate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quarter_(urban_subdivision)" title="Quarter (urban subdivision)">Quarter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_regencies_and_cities_of_Indonesia" class="mw-redirect" title="List of regencies and cities of Indonesia">Regency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_republic" title="Autonomous republic">Autonomous republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riding_(division)" title="Riding (division)">Riding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sector_(administrative_division)" title="Sector (administrative division)">Sector</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_sector" class="mw-redirect" title="Autonomous sector">Autonomous</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shire" title="Shire">Shire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sultanate" class="mw-redirect" title="Sultanate">Sultanate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suzerainty" title="Suzerainty">Suzerainty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Townland" title="Townland">Townland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Village" title="Village">Village</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_summer_villages_in_Alberta" title="List of summer villages in Alberta">Summer</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ward_(electoral_subdivision)" title="Ward (electoral subdivision)">Ward</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historical</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agency_(administrative_division)" title="Agency (administrative division)">Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barony_(county_division)" title="Barony (county division)">Barony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burgh" title="Burgh">Burgh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exarchate" title="Exarchate">Exarchate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hide_(unit)" title="Hide (unit)">Hide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hundred_(county_division)" title="Hundred (county division)">Hundred</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Circle" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperial Circle">Imperial Circle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_(territorial_entity)" class="mw-redirect" title="March (territorial entity)">March</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monthon" title="Monthon">Monthon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_(administrative_division)" class="mw-redirect" title="Presidency (administrative division)">Presidency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Residency_(administrative_division)" title="Residency (administrative division)">Residency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_diocese" title="Roman diocese">Roman diocese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seat_(administrative_division)" title="Seat (administrative division)">Seat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenth_(administrative_division)" title="Tenth (administrative division)">Tenth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tithing" title="Tithing">Tithing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viceroyalty" title="Viceroyalty">Viceroyalty</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Non-English_terms_or_loanwords519" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Non-English terms or loanwords</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amt" title="Amt">Amt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apskritis" class="mw-redirect" title="Apskritis">Apskritis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bakhsh" title="Bakhsh">Bakhsh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barangay" title="Barangay">Barangay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bashki" class="mw-redirect" title="Bashki">Bashki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bezirk" title="Bezirk">Bezirk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regierungsbezirk" title="Regierungsbezirk">Regierungsbezirk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comarca" title="Comarca">Comarca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comune" title="Comune">Comune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frazione" title="Frazione">Frazione</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freguesia" title="Freguesia">Freguesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fu_(administrative_division)" title="Fu (administrative division)">Fu</a></li> <li>Gemeinde <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gemeinde_(Austria)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gemeinde (Austria)">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gemeinde_(Germany)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gemeinde (Germany)">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gemeinde_(South_Tyrol)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gemeinde (South Tyrol)">South Tyrol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gemeinde_(Switzerland)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gemeinde (Switzerland)">Switzerland</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gemeente_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Gemeente (disambiguation)">Gemeente</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gmina" title="Gmina">Gmina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hromada" title="Hromada">Hromada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jude%C8%9B" title="Județ">Județ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kampong" title="Kampong">Kampong</a></li> <li>Kommun/Kunta <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_Finland" title="Municipalities of Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_Sweden" title="Municipalities of Sweden">Sweden</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A4n" title="Län">Län (Sweden)</a></li> <li>Landskap <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Finland" title="Regions of Finland">Finland</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Localit%C3%A0" title="Località">Località</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Finland" title="Regions of Finland">Maakunta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counties_of_Hungary" title="Counties of Hungary">Megye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muban" title="Muban">Muban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mukim" title="Mukim">Mukim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nj%C3%ABsi_administrative" class="mw-redirect" title="Njësi administrative">Njësi administrative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obec" title="Obec">Obec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oblast" title="Oblast">Oblast</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_oblast" title="Autonomous oblast">Autonomous</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Okrug" title="Okrug">Okrug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Iran" title="Provinces of Iran">Ostān</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poblacion" title="Poblacion">Poblacion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purok" title="Purok">Purok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qark" class="mw-redirect" title="Qark">Qark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raion" title="Raion">Raion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savivaldyb%C4%97" class="mw-redirect" title="Savivaldybė">Savivaldybė</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selsoviet" title="Selsoviet">Selsoviet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sitio" title="Sitio">Sitio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seni%C5%ABnija" class="mw-redirect" title="Seniūnija">Seniūnija</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counties_of_Iran" title="Counties of Iran">Shahrestān</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sum_(administrative_division)" title="Sum (administrative division)">Sum</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sums_of_Inner_Mongolia" title="Sums of Inner Mongolia">China</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%BDsla" title="Sýsla">Sýsla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tehsil" title="Tehsil">Tehsil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urban-type_settlement" title="Urban-type settlement">Townlet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vingtaine" title="Vingtaine">Vingtaine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historical</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commote" title="Commote">Commote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gau_(territory)" title="Gau (territory)">Gau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heerlijkheid" title="Heerlijkheid">Heerlijkheid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Komun%C3%AB" title="Komunë">Komunë</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ping" title="Köping">Köping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korale" title="Korale">Korale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Finland" title="Provinces of Finland">Län/Lääni</a></li> <li>Landskap <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Sweden" title="Provinces of Sweden">Sweden</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maalaiskunta" title="Maalaiskunta">Landskommun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maalaiskunta" title="Maalaiskunta">Maalaiskunta</a></li> <li>Nome <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nome_(Egypt)" title="Nome (Egypt)">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prefectures_of_Greece" title="Prefectures of Greece">Greece</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pagus" title="Pagus">Pagus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pargana" title="Pargana">Pargana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plas%C4%83" title="Plasă">Plasă</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rreth" class="mw-redirect" title="Rreth">Rreth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satrap" title="Satrap">Satrapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socken" title="Socken">Socken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subah" title="Subah">Subah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syssel" title="Syssel">Syssel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhou_(administrative_division)" title="Zhou (administrative division)">Zhou</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Used by ten or more countries or having derived terms. Historical derivations in <i>italics</i>. <dl><dt>See also</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Autonomous_types_of_first-tier_administration" title="Template:Autonomous types of first-tier administration">Autonomous administration</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Census_division" title="Census division">Census division</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Electoral_district" title="Electoral district">Electoral district</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_administrative_divisions_by_country" title="List of administrative divisions by country">List of administrative divisions by country</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Greek_terms_for_administrative_divisions" title="Template:Greek terms for administrative divisions">Greek administrative divisions</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Slavic-language_terms_for_administrative_divisions" title="Template:Slavic-language terms for administrative divisions">Slavic administrative divisions</a></dd></dl></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Associated_state&oldid=1278564672">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Associated_state&oldid=1278564672</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Constitutional_state_types" title="Category:Constitutional state types">Constitutional state types</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Associated_states" title="Category:Associated states">Associated states</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Political_systems" title="Category:Political systems">Political systems</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_archived_copy_as_title" title="Category:CS1 maint: archived copy as title">CS1 maint: archived copy as title</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1:_unfit_URL" title="Category:CS1: unfit URL">CS1: unfit URL</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Spanish-language_sources_(es)" title="Category:CS1 Spanish-language sources (es)">CS1 Spanish-language sources (es)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_January_2018" title="Category:Use dmy dates from January 2018">Use dmy dates from January 2018</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_sidebar_with_the_child_parameter" title="Category:Pages using sidebar with the child parameter">Pages using sidebar with the child parameter</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Spanish-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Spanish-language text">Articles containing Spanish-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_May_2024" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from May 2024">Articles with unsourced statements from May 2024</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 3 March 2025, at 06:02<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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