CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs skin-theme-clientpref-day mf-expand-sections-clientpref-0 mf-font-size-clientpref-small mw-mf-amc-clientpref-0" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Fahrenheit - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js skin-theme-clientpref-day mf-expand-sections-clientpref-0 mf-font-size-clientpref-small mw-mf-amc-clientpref-0";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy","wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"02c93665-0a16-4841-9051-0a5c702e232b","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Fahrenheit","wgTitle":"Fahrenheit","wgCurRevisionId":1257075242,"wgRevisionId":1257075242,"wgArticleId":11524,"wgIsArticle" :true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Fahrenheit","wgRelevantArticleId":11524,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgRedirectedFrom":"Fahrenheit_scale","wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgStableRevisionId":1257075242,"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFMode":"stable","wgMFAmc":false,"wgMFAmcOutreachActive":false,"wgMFAmcOutreachUserEligible":false,"wgMFLazyLoadImages":true,"wgMFEditNoticesFeatureConflict":false,"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true}, "wgMFIsSupportedEditRequest":true,"wgMFScriptPath":"","wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":30000,"wgInternalRedirectTargetUrl":"/wiki/Fahrenheit","wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":true,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgSectionTranslationMissingLanguages":[{"lang":"ace","autonym":"Acèh","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ady","autonym":"адыгабзэ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"alt","autonym":"алтай тил","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"am","autonym":"አማርኛ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ami","autonym":"Pangcah","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ang","autonym":"Ænglisc","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ann","autonym":"Obolo","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"anp","autonym":"अंगिका","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ary","autonym":"الدارجة","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"arz","autonym":"مصرى","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"av","autonym":"авар","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"avk","autonym":"Kotava","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"awa","autonym":"अवधी","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ay","autonym":"Aymar aru" ,"dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ba","autonym":"башҡортса","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ban","autonym":"Basa Bali","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bar","autonym":"Boarisch","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bbc","autonym":"Batak Toba","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bdr","autonym":"Bajau Sama","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bew","autonym":"Betawi","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bho","autonym":"भोजपुरी","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bi","autonym":"Bislama","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bjn","autonym":"Banjar","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"blk","autonym":"ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bm","autonym":"bamanankan","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bo","autonym":"བོད་ཡིག","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bpy","autonym":"বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"br","autonym":"brezhoneg","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bs","autonym":"bosanski","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"btm","autonym":"Batak Mandailing","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bug","autonym":"Basa Ugi","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"cdo","autonym": "閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ce","autonym":"нохчийн","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ceb","autonym":"Cebuano","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ch","autonym":"Chamoru","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"chr","autonym":"ᏣᎳᎩ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"co","autonym":"corsu","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"cr","autonym":"Nēhiyawēwin / ᓀᐦᐃᔭᐍᐏᐣ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"crh","autonym":"qırımtatarca","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"cu","autonym":"словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"cy","autonym":"Cymraeg","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"dag","autonym":"dagbanli","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"dga","autonym":"Dagaare","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"din","autonym":"Thuɔŋjäŋ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"diq","autonym":"Zazaki","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"dsb","autonym":"dolnoserbski","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"dtp","autonym":"Kadazandusun","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"dv","autonym":"ދިވެހިބަސް","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"dz","autonym":"ཇོང་ཁ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ee","autonym":"eʋegbe", "dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"eml","autonym":"emiliàn e rumagnòl","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"fat","autonym":"mfantse","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ff","autonym":"Fulfulde","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"fj","autonym":"Na Vosa Vakaviti","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"fon","autonym":"fɔ̀ngbè","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"frp","autonym":"arpetan","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"fur","autonym":"furlan","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"gag","autonym":"Gagauz","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"gan","autonym":"贛語","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"gcr","autonym":"kriyòl gwiyannen","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"glk","autonym":"گیلکی","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"gn","autonym":"Avañe'ẽ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"gom","autonym":"गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"gor","autonym":"Bahasa Hulontalo","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"gpe","autonym":"Ghanaian Pidgin","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"gu","autonym":"ગુજરાતી","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"guc","autonym":"wayuunaiki","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"gur","autonym":"farefare","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"guw","autonym" :"gungbe","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"gv","autonym":"Gaelg","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ha","autonym":"Hausa","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"hak","autonym":"客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"haw","autonym":"Hawaiʻi","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"hif","autonym":"Fiji Hindi","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"hsb","autonym":"hornjoserbsce","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"hyw","autonym":"Արեւմտահայերէն","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"iba","autonym":"Jaku Iban","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ie","autonym":"Interlingue","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ig","autonym":"Igbo","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"igl","autonym":"Igala","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ilo","autonym":"Ilokano","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"io","autonym":"Ido","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"iu","autonym":"ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"jv","autonym":"Jawa","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kaa","autonym":"Qaraqalpaqsha","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kab","autonym":"Taqbaylit","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kbd","autonym":"адыгэбзэ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kbp","autonym":"Kabɩyɛ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang": "kcg","autonym":"Tyap","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kg","autonym":"Kongo","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kge","autonym":"Kumoring","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ki","autonym":"Gĩkũyũ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kl","autonym":"kalaallisut","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"km","autonym":"ភាសាខ្មែរ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"koi","autonym":"перем коми","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"krc","autonym":"къарачай-малкъар","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ks","autonym":"कॉशुर / کٲشُر","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"kus","autonym":"Kʋsaal","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kv","autonym":"коми","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kw","autonym":"kernowek","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ky","autonym":"кыргызча","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"lad","autonym":"Ladino","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"lez","autonym":"лезги","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"lg","autonym":"Luganda","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"lij","autonym":"Ligure","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"lld","autonym":"Ladin","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"lmo","autonym":"lombard","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ln","autonym":"lingála", "dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"lo","autonym":"ລາວ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ltg","autonym":"latgaļu","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mad","autonym":"Madhurâ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mai","autonym":"मैथिली","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"map-bms","autonym":"Basa Banyumasan","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mdf","autonym":"мокшень","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mg","autonym":"Malagasy","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mhr","autonym":"олык марий","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mi","autonym":"Māori","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"min","autonym":"Minangkabau","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mni","autonym":"ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mnw","autonym":"ဘာသာမန်","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mos","autonym":"moore","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mrj","autonym":"кырык мары","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mt","autonym":"Malti","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mwl","autonym":"Mirandés","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"myv","autonym":"эрзянь","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mzn","autonym":"مازِرونی","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"nah","autonym":"Nāhuatl","dir": "ltr"},{"lang":"nan","autonym":"閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"nap","autonym":"Napulitano","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"nb","autonym":"norsk bokmål","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"nds-nl","autonym":"Nedersaksies","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ne","autonym":"नेपाली","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"new","autonym":"नेपाल भाषा","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"nia","autonym":"Li Niha","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"nqo","autonym":"ߒߞߏ","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"nr","autonym":"isiNdebele seSewula","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"nso","autonym":"Sesotho sa Leboa","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ny","autonym":"Chi-Chewa","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"om","autonym":"Oromoo","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"or","autonym":"ଓଡ଼ିଆ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"os","autonym":"ирон","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"pag","autonym":"Pangasinan","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"pam","autonym":"Kapampangan","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"pap","autonym":"Papiamentu","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"pcd","autonym":"Picard","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"pcm","autonym":"Naijá","dir":"ltr"},{ "lang":"pdc","autonym":"Deitsch","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"pms","autonym":"Piemontèis","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ps","autonym":"پښتو","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"pwn","autonym":"pinayuanan","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"qu","autonym":"Runa Simi","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"rm","autonym":"rumantsch","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"rn","autonym":"ikirundi","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"rsk","autonym":"руски","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"rue","autonym":"русиньскый","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"rup","autonym":"armãneashti","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"rw","autonym":"Ikinyarwanda","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sa","autonym":"संस्कृतम्","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sah","autonym":"саха тыла","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sat","autonym":"ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sc","autonym":"sardu","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sd","autonym":"سنڌي","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"se","autonym":"davvisámegiella","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sg","autonym":"Sängö","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sgs","autonym":"žemaitėška","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"shi", "autonym":"Taclḥit","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"shn","autonym":"ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"si","autonym":"සිංහල","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"skr","autonym":"سرائیکی","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"sm","autonym":"Gagana Samoa","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"smn","autonym":"anarâškielâ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sn","autonym":"chiShona","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sq","autonym":"shqip","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"srn","autonym":"Sranantongo","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ss","autonym":"SiSwati","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"st","autonym":"Sesotho","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"stq","autonym":"Seeltersk","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"su","autonym":"Sunda","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"szl","autonym":"ślůnski","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tay","autonym":"Tayal","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tcy","autonym":"ತುಳು","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tdd","autonym":"ᥖᥭᥰ ᥖᥬᥲ ᥑᥨᥒᥰ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tet","autonym":"tetun","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tg","autonym":"тоҷикӣ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ti","autonym":"ትግርኛ","dir" :"ltr"},{"lang":"tk","autonym":"Türkmençe","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tly","autonym":"tolışi","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tn","autonym":"Setswana","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"to","autonym":"lea faka-Tonga","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tpi","autonym":"Tok Pisin","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"trv","autonym":"Seediq","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ts","autonym":"Xitsonga","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tt","autonym":"татарча / tatarça","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tum","autonym":"chiTumbuka","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tw","autonym":"Twi","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ty","autonym":"reo tahiti","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tyv","autonym":"тыва дыл","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"udm","autonym":"удмурт","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"uz","autonym":"oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ve","autonym":"Tshivenda","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"vec","autonym":"vèneto","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"vep","autonym":"vepsän kel’","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"vls","autonym":"West-Vlams","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"vo","autonym":"Volapük","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"vro","autonym": "võro","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"wa","autonym":"walon","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"wo","autonym":"Wolof","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"xal","autonym":"хальмг","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"xh","autonym":"isiXhosa","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"xmf","autonym":"მარგალური","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"yo","autonym":"Yorùbá","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"yue","autonym":"粵語","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"za","autonym":"Vahcuengh","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"zgh","autonym":"ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"zu","autonym":"isiZulu","dir":"ltr"}],"wgSectionTranslationTargetLanguages":["ace","ady","alt","am","ami","an","ang","ann","anp","ar","ary","arz","as","ast","av","avk","awa","ay","az","azb","ba","ban","bar","bbc","bcl","bdr","be","bew","bg","bho","bi","bjn","blk","bm","bn","bo","bpy","br","bs","btm","bug","ca","cdo","ce","ceb","ch","chr","ckb","co","cr","crh","cs","cu","cy","da","dag","de","dga","din","diq","dsb","dtp","dv","dz","ee","el","eml","eo","es","et","eu","fa","fat","ff", "fi","fj","fo","fon","fr","frp","frr","fur","fy","gag","gan","gcr","gl","glk","gn","gom","gor","gpe","gu","guc","gur","guw","gv","ha","hak","haw","he","hi","hif","hr","hsb","ht","hu","hy","hyw","ia","iba","ie","ig","igl","ilo","io","is","it","iu","ja","jam","jv","ka","kaa","kab","kbd","kbp","kcg","kg","kge","ki","kk","kl","km","kn","ko","koi","krc","ks","ku","kus","kv","kw","ky","lad","lb","lez","lg","li","lij","lld","lmo","ln","lo","lt","ltg","lv","mad","mai","map-bms","mdf","mg","mhr","mi","min","mk","ml","mn","mni","mnw","mos","mr","mrj","ms","mt","mwl","my","myv","mzn","nah","nan","nap","nb","nds","nds-nl","ne","new","nia","nl","nn","nqo","nr","nso","ny","oc","om","or","os","pa","pag","pam","pap","pcd","pcm","pdc","pl","pms","pnb","ps","pt","pwn","qu","rm","rn","ro","rsk","rue","rup","rw","sa","sah","sat","sc","scn","sco","sd","se","sg","sgs","sh","shi","shn","si","sk","skr","sl","sm","smn","sn","so","sq","sr","srn","ss","st","stq","su","sv","sw","szl","ta","tay","tcy","tdd","te", "tet","tg","th","ti","tk","tl","tly","tn","to","tpi","tr","trv","ts","tt","tum","tw","ty","tyv","udm","ur","uz","ve","vec","vep","vi","vls","vo","vro","wa","war","wo","wuu","xal","xh","xmf","yi","yo","yue","za","zgh","zh","zu"],"isLanguageSearcherCXEntrypointEnabled":true,"mintEntrypointLanguages":["ace","ast","azb","bcl","bjn","bh","crh","ff","fon","ig","is","ki","ks","lmo","min","sat","ss","tn","vec"],"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q42289","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false,"wgMinervaPermissions":{"watchable":true,"watch":false},"wgMinervaFeatures":{"beta":false,"donate":true,"mobileOptionsLink":true,"categories":false,"pageIssues":true,"talkAtTop":true,"historyInPageActions":false,"overflowSubmenu":false,"tabsOnSpecials": true,"personalMenu":false,"mainMenuExpanded":false,"echo":true,"nightMode":true},"wgMinervaDownloadNamespaces":[0]};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.minerva.styles":"ready","skins.minerva.content.styles.images":"ready","mediawiki.hlist":"ready","skins.minerva.codex.styles":"ready","skins.minerva.icons":"ready","skins.minerva.amc.styles":"ready","ext.flaggedRevs.basic":"ready","mediawiki.codex.messagebox.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","mobile.init.styles":"ready","ext.relatedArticles.styles":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["mediawiki.action.view.redirect","ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","skins.minerva.scripts","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.flaggedRevs.advanced", "ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","ext.popups","mobile.init","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.relatedArticles.readMore.bootstrap","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.entrypoints.mffrequentlanguages","ext.cx.entrypoints.languagesearcher.init","mw.externalguidance.init","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.flaggedRevs.basic%7Cext.relatedArticles.styles%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cmediawiki.codex.messagebox.styles%7Cmediawiki.hlist%7Cmobile.init.styles%7Cskins.minerva.amc.styles%7Cskins.minerva.codex.styles%7Cskins.minerva.content.styles.images%7Cskins.minerva.icons%2Cstyles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=minerva"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=minerva"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=minerva"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta name="theme-color" content="#eaecf0"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c9/Raumthermometer_Fahrenheit%2BCelsius.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1204"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Raumthermometer_Fahrenheit%2BCelsius.jpg/800px-Raumthermometer_Fahrenheit%2BCelsius.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="803"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Raumthermometer_Fahrenheit%2BCelsius.jpg/640px-Raumthermometer_Fahrenheit%2BCelsius.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="642"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, user-scalable=yes, minimum-scale=0.25, maximum-scale=5.0"> <meta property="og:title" content="Fahrenheit - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="manifest" href="/w/api.php?action=webapp-manifest"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Fahrenheit&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fahrenheit"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Fahrenheit rootpage-Fahrenheit stable issues-group-B skin-minerva action-view skin--responsive mw-mf-amc-disabled mw-mf"><div id="mw-mf-viewport"> <div id="mw-mf-page-center"> <a class="mw-mf-page-center__mask" href="#"></a> <header class="header-container header-chrome"> <div class="minerva-header"> <nav class="navigation-drawer toggle-list view-border-box"> <input type="checkbox" id="main-menu-input" class="toggle-list__checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" aria-labelledby="mw-mf-main-menu-button"> <label role="button" for="main-menu-input" id="mw-mf-main-menu-button" aria-hidden="true" data-event-name="ui.mainmenu" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet toggle-list__toggle"> </label> <div id="mw-mf-page-left" class="menu view-border-box"> <ul id="p-navigation" class="toggle-list__list"> <li class="toggle-list-item "> <a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--home" href="/wiki/Main_Page" data-mw="interface"> Home </a> </li> <li class="toggle-list-item "> <a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--random" href="/wiki/Special:Random" data-mw="interface"> Random </a> </li> <li class="toggle-list-item skin-minerva-list-item-jsonly"> <a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--nearby" href="/wiki/Special:Nearby" data-event-name="menu.nearby" data-mw="interface"> Nearby </a> </li> </ul> <ul id="p-personal" class="toggle-list__list"> <li class="toggle-list-item "> <a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--login" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Fahrenheit" data-event-name="menu.login" data-mw="interface"> Log in </a> </li> </ul> <ul id="pt-preferences" class="toggle-list__list"> <li class="toggle-list-item skin-minerva-list-item-jsonly"> <a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--settings" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:MobileOptions&returnto=Fahrenheit" data-event-name="menu.settings" data-mw="interface"> Settings </a> </li> </ul> <ul id="p-donation" class="toggle-list__list"> <li class="toggle-list-item "> <a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--donate" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en&utm_key=minerva" data-event-name="menu.donate" data-mw="interface"> Donate </a> </li> </ul> <ul class="hlist"> <li class="toggle-list-item "> <a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--about" href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" data-mw="interface"> About Wikipedia </a> </li> <li class="toggle-list-item "> <a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--disclaimers" href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer" data-mw="interface"> Disclaimers </a> </li> </ul> </div> <label class="main-menu-mask" for="main-menu-input"></label> </nav> <div class="branding-box"> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page"> <img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" alt="Wikipedia" width="120" height="18" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"/> </a> </div> <form action="/w/index.php" method="get" class="minerva-search-form"> <div class="search-box"> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"/> <input class="search skin-minerva-search-trigger" id="searchInput" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"> </div> <button id="searchIcon" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet skin-minerva-search-trigger"> Search </button> </form> <nav class="minerva-user-navigation" aria-label="User navigation"> </nav> </div> </header> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <div class="banner-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="pre-content heading-holder"> <div class="page-heading"> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Fahrenheit</h1> <div class="tagline"></div> </div> <ul id="p-associated-pages" class="minerva__tab-container"> <li class="minerva__tab selected"> <a class="minerva__tab-text" href="/wiki/Fahrenheit" rel="" data-event-name="tabs.subject">Article</a> </li> <li class="minerva__tab "> <a class="minerva__tab-text" href="/wiki/Talk:Fahrenheit" rel="discussion" data-event-name="tabs.talk">Talk</a> </li> </ul> <nav class="page-actions-menu"> <ul id="p-views" class="page-actions-menu__list"> <li id="language-selector" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"> <a role="button" href="#p-lang" data-mw="interface" data-event-name="menu.languages" title="Language" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet language-selector"> Language </a> </li> <li id="page-actions-watch" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"> <a role="button" id="ca-watch" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Fahrenheit" data-event-name="menu.watch" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet menu__item--page-actions-watch"> Watch </a> </li> <li id="page-actions-edit" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"> <a role="button" id="ca-edit" href="/w/index.php?title=Fahrenheit&action=edit" data-event-name="menu.edit" data-mw="interface" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet edit-page menu__item--page-actions-edit"> Edit </a> </li> </ul> </nav>  <div id="mw-content-subtitle">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fahrenheit_scale&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Fahrenheit scale">Fahrenheit scale</a>) <div id="mw-fr-revision-messages"><div class="cdx-message mw-fr-message-box cdx-message--inline cdx-message--notice mw-fr-mobile-message-inline"><div class="cdx-message__content">This is the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Pending_changes" title="Wikipedia:Pending changes">latest accepted revision</a>, <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=review&page=Special:Badtitle/Message">reviewed</a> on 13 November 2024.</div></div></div></div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="content"> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><script>function mfTempOpenSection(id){var block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Fahrenheit_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Fahrenheit (disambiguation)">Fahrenheit (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style>The Fahrenheit scale (<a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/ˈfærənhaɪt, ˈfɑːr-/</a>) is a <a href="/wiki/Scale_of_temperature" title="Scale of temperature">temperature scale</a> based on one proposed in 1724 by the European physicist <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Gabriel_Fahrenheit" title="Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit">Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit</a> (1686–1736).<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a> It uses the degree Fahrenheit (symbol: °F) as the unit. Several accounts of how he originally defined his scale exist, but the original paper suggests the lower defining point, 0 °F, was established as the freezing <a href="/wiki/Temperature" title="Temperature">temperature</a> of a solution of <a href="/wiki/Brine" title="Brine">brine</a> made from a mixture of water, <a href="/wiki/Ice" title="Ice">ice</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ammonium_chloride" title="Ammonium chloride">ammonium chloride</a> (a <a href="/wiki/Salt_(chemistry)" title="Salt (chemistry)">salt</a>).<a href="#cite_note-:0-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a> The other limit established was his best estimate of the average <a href="/wiki/Human_body_temperature" title="Human body temperature">human body temperature</a>, originally set at 90 °F, then 96 °F (about 2.6 °F less than the modern value due to a later redefinition of the scale).<a href="#cite_note-:0-2">[2]</a> <table class="infobox ib-unit"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above">Fahrenheit</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image notheme" style="background-color: #f8f9fa;"><a href="/wiki/File:Raumthermometer_Fahrenheit%2BCelsius.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Raumthermometer_Fahrenheit%2BCelsius.jpg/220px-Raumthermometer_Fahrenheit%2BCelsius.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="221" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Raumthermometer_Fahrenheit%2BCelsius.jpg/330px-Raumthermometer_Fahrenheit%2BCelsius.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Raumthermometer_Fahrenheit%2BCelsius.jpg/440px-Raumthermometer_Fahrenheit%2BCelsius.jpg 2x" data-file-width="869" data-file-height="872"></a><div class="infobox-caption">Thermometer with Fahrenheit (marked on outer bezel) and <a href="/wiki/Celsius" title="Celsius">Celsius</a> (marked on inner dial) degree units.</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">General information</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/System_of_units_of_measurement" title="System of units of measurement">Unit system</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Imperial_and_US_customary_measurement_systems" title="Imperial and US customary measurement systems">Imperial/US customary</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Unit of</th><td class="infobox-data">Temperature</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Symbol</th><td class="infobox-data">°F</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Named after</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Gabriel_Fahrenheit" title="Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit">Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Conversions </th></tr><tr class="nowrap"><td>x °F in ...</td><td>... corresponds to ...</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><th colspan="2"> </th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> <a href="/wiki/SI_base_units" class="mw-redirect" title="SI base units">SI base units</a></th><td class="infobox-data"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1214402035">.mw-parser-output .sfrac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .sfrac.tion,.mw-parser-output .sfrac .tion{display:inline-block;vertical-align:-0.5em;font-size:85%;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sfrac .num{display:block;line-height:1em;margin:0.0em 0.1em;border-bottom:1px solid}.mw-parser-output .sfrac .den{display:block;line-height:1em;margin:0.1em 0.1em}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style>⁠5/9⁠(x +459.67) <a href="/wiki/Kelvin" title="Kelvin">K</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> <a href="/wiki/SI_derived_units" class="mw-redirect" title="SI derived units">SI derived units</a></th><td class="infobox-data"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214402035">⁠5/9⁠(x − 32) <a href="/wiki/%C2%B0C" class="mw-redirect" title="°C">°C</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> <a href="/wiki/Imperial_units" title="Imperial units">Imperial</a>/<a href="/wiki/US_customary_units" class="mw-redirect" title="US customary units">US</a> <a href="/wiki/Absolute_scale" title="Absolute scale">absolute scale</a></th><td class="infobox-data"> x + 459.67 <a href="/wiki/Rankine_scale" title="Rankine scale">°Ra</a></td></tr></tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236303919">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds img{background:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds img{background:white}}</style> For much of the 20th century, the Fahrenheit scale was defined by two fixed points with a 180 °F separation: the temperature at which pure water freezes was defined as 32 °F and the boiling point of water was defined to be 212 °F, both at <a href="/wiki/Sea_level" title="Sea level">sea level</a> and under <a href="/wiki/Standard_atmospheric_pressure" class="mw-redirect" title="Standard atmospheric pressure">standard atmospheric pressure</a>. It is now formally defined using the <a href="/wiki/Kelvin" title="Kelvin">Kelvin</a> scale.<a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a> It continues to be used in the United States (including its <a href="/wiki/Unincorporated_territories_of_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Unincorporated territories of the United States">unincorporated territories</a>), its <a href="/wiki/Compact_of_Free_Association" title="Compact of Free Association">freely associated states</a> in the Western Pacific (<a href="/wiki/Palau" title="Palau">Palau</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Federated_States_of_Micronesia" title="Federated States of Micronesia">Federated States of Micronesia</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Marshall_Islands" title="Marshall Islands">Marshall Islands</a>), the <a href="/wiki/Cayman_Islands" title="Cayman Islands">Cayman Islands</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Liberia" title="Liberia">Liberia</a>. Fahrenheit is commonly still used alongside the <a href="/wiki/Celsius" title="Celsius">Celsius</a> scale in other countries that use the U.S. <a href="/wiki/Metrological" class="mw-redirect" title="Metrological">metrological</a> service, such as <a href="/wiki/Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="Antigua and Barbuda">Antigua and Barbuda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis" title="Saint Kitts and Nevis">Saint Kitts and Nevis</a>, the <a href="/wiki/The_Bahamas" title="The Bahamas">Bahamas</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Belize" title="Belize">Belize</a>. A handful of <a href="/wiki/British_Overseas_Territories" title="British Overseas Territories">British Overseas Territories</a>, including the <a href="/wiki/British_Virgin_Islands" title="British Virgin Islands">Virgin Islands</a>, <a href="/wiki/Montserrat" title="Montserrat">Montserrat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anguilla" title="Anguilla">Anguilla</a>, and Bermuda, also still use both scales.<a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a> All other countries now use <a href="/wiki/Celsius" title="Celsius">Celsius</a> ("centigrade" until 1948), which was invented 18 years after the Fahrenheit scale.<a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Definition_and_conversion">1 Definition and conversion</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2"><a href="#Conversion_(specific_temperature_point)">1.1 Conversion (specific temperature point)</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="#Conversion_(temperature_difference_or_interval)">1.2 Conversion (temperature difference or interval)</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="#History">2 History</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="#Usage">3 Usage</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="#General">3.1 General</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="#United_States">3.2 United States</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="#Canada">3.3 Canada</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9"><a href="#European_Union">3.4 European Union</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10"><a href="#United_Kingdom">3.5 United Kingdom</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-11"><a href="#Unicode_representation_of_symbol">4 Unicode representation of symbol</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-12"><a href="#See_also">5 See also</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-13"><a href="#Notes">6 Notes</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-14"><a href="#References">7 References</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-15"><a href="#External_links">8 External links</a></li> </ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"><h2 id="Definition_and_conversion">Definition and conversion</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Fahrenheit&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Definition and conversion" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <table class="wikitable floatright"> <caption>Fahrenheit temperature conversion formulae </caption> <tbody><tr> <th> </th> <th>from Fahrenheit </th> <th>to Fahrenheit </th></tr> <tr> <th height="30pt"><a href="/wiki/Celsius" title="Celsius">Celsius</a> </th> <td>x °F ≘ (x − 32) × <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214402035">⁠5/9⁠ °C </td> <td>x °C ≘ (x × <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214402035">⁠9/5⁠ + 32) °F </td></tr> <tr> <th height="30pt"><a href="/wiki/Kelvin" title="Kelvin">Kelvin</a> </th> <td>x °F ≘ (x + 459.67) × <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214402035">⁠5/9⁠ K </td> <td>x K ≘ (x × <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214402035">⁠9/5⁠ − 459.67) °F </td></tr> <tr> <th height="30pt"><a href="/wiki/Rankine_scale" title="Rankine scale">Rankine</a> </th> <td>x °F ≘ (x + 459.67) °R </td> <td>x °R ≘ (x − 459.67) °F </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;">For temperature intervals rather than specific temperatures, 1 °F = 1 °R = <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214402035">⁠5/9⁠ °C = <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214402035">⁠5/9⁠ K <a href="/wiki/Conversion_of_scales_of_temperature" title="Conversion of scales of temperature">Conversion between temperature scales</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> Historically, on the Fahrenheit scale the <a href="/wiki/Freezing_point" class="mw-redirect" title="Freezing point">freezing point</a> of water was 32 °F, and the <a href="/wiki/Boiling_point" title="Boiling point">boiling point</a> was 212 °F (at <a href="/wiki/Standard_atmospheric_pressure" class="mw-redirect" title="Standard atmospheric pressure">standard atmospheric pressure</a>). This put the boiling and freezing points of water 180 degrees apart.<a href="#cite_note-rank-8">[8]</a> Therefore, a degree on the Fahrenheit scale was <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style>1⁄180 of the interval between the freezing point and the boiling point. On the Celsius scale, the freezing and boiling points of water were originally defined to be 100 degrees apart. A temperature interval of 1 °F was equal to an interval of <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027">5⁄9 degrees Celsius. With the Fahrenheit and Celsius scales now both defined by the <a href="/wiki/Kelvin" title="Kelvin">kelvin</a>, this relationship was preserved, a temperature interval of 1 °F being equal to an interval of <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027">5⁄9 K and of <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027">5⁄9 °C. The Fahrenheit and Celsius scales intersect numerically at −40 in the respective unit (i.e., −40 °F ≘ −40 °C). <a href="/wiki/Absolute_zero" title="Absolute zero">Absolute zero</a> is 0 K, −273.15 °C, or −459.67 °F. The <a href="/wiki/Rankine_Scale" class="mw-redirect" title="Rankine Scale">Rankine temperature scale</a> uses degree intervals of the same size as those of the Fahrenheit scale, except that absolute zero is 0 °R – the same way that the <a href="/wiki/Kelvin" title="Kelvin">Kelvin</a> temperature scale matches the Celsius scale, except that absolute zero is 0 K.<a href="#cite_note-rank-8">[8]</a> The combination of <a href="/wiki/Degree_symbol" title="Degree symbol">degree symbol</a> (°) followed by an uppercase letter F is the conventional symbol for the Fahrenheit temperature scale. A number followed by this symbol (and separated from it with a space) denotes a specific temperature point (e.g., "<a href="/wiki/Gallium" title="Gallium">Gallium</a> melts at 85.5763 °F"). A difference between temperatures or an uncertainty in temperature is also conventionally written the same way as well, e.g., "The output of the heat exchanger experiences an increase of 72 °F" or "Our standard uncertainty is ±5 °F". However, some authors instead use the notation "An increase of 50 F°" (reversing the symbol order) to indicate temperature differences. Similar conventions exist for the Celsius scale, see <a href="/wiki/Celsius#Temperatures_and_intervals" title="Celsius">Celsius § Temperatures and intervals</a>.<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Conversion_(specific_temperature_point)">Conversion (specific temperature point)</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Fahrenheit&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Conversion (specific temperature point)" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> For an exact conversion between degrees Fahrenheit and Celsius, and kelvins of a specific temperature point, the following formulas can be applied. Here, f is the value in degrees Fahrenheit, c the value in degrees Celsius, and k the value in kelvins: <ul><li>f °F to c °C: c = <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214402035">⁠f − 32/1.8⁠</li> <li>c °C to f °F: f = c × 1.8 + 32</li> <li>f °F to k K: k = <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214402035">⁠f + 459.67/1.8⁠</li> <li>k K to f °F: f = k × 1.8 − 459.67</li></ul> There is also an exact conversion between Celsius and Fahrenheit scales making use of the correspondence −40 °F ≘ −40 °C. Again, f is the numeric value in degrees Fahrenheit, and c the numeric value in degrees Celsius: <ul><li>f °F to c °C: c = <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214402035">⁠f + 40/1.8⁠ − 40</li> <li>c °C to f °F: f = (c + 40) × 1.8 − 40</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Conversion_(temperature_difference_or_interval)">Conversion (temperature difference or interval)</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Fahrenheit&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Conversion (temperature difference or interval)" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> When converting a temperature interval between the Fahrenheit and Celsius scales, only the ratio is used, without any constant (in this case, the interval has the same numeric value in kelvins as in degrees Celsius): <ul><li>f °F to c °C or k K: c = k = <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214402035">⁠f/1.8⁠</li> <li>c °C or k K to f °F: f = c × 1.8 = k × 1.8</li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"><h2 id="History">History</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Fahrenheit&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: History" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> Fahrenheit proposed his temperature scale in 1724, basing it on two reference points of temperature. In his initial scale (which is not the final Fahrenheit scale), the zero point was determined by placing the <a href="/wiki/Thermometer" title="Thermometer">thermometer</a> in "a mixture of <a href="/wiki/Ice" title="Ice">ice</a>, water, and salis Armoniaci<a href="#cite_note-11">[note 1]</a> [transl. <a href="/wiki/Ammonium_chloride" title="Ammonium chloride">ammonium chloride</a>] or even sea salt".<a href="#cite_note-:1-12">[11]</a> This combination forms a <a href="/wiki/Eutectic_system" title="Eutectic system">eutectic system</a>, which stabilizes its temperature automatically: 0 °F was defined to be that stable temperature. A second point, 96 degrees, was approximately the human body's temperature.<a href="#cite_note-:1-12">[11]</a> A third point, 32 degrees, was marked as being the temperature of ice and water "without the aforementioned salts".<a href="#cite_note-:1-12">[11]</a> According to a German story, Fahrenheit actually chose the lowest air temperature measured in his hometown <a href="/wiki/Gda%C5%84sk" title="Gdańsk">Danzig</a> (Gdańsk, <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a>) in winter 1708–09 as 0 °F, and only later had the need to be able to make this value reproducible using brine.<a href="#cite_note-13">[12]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">failed verification</a>] According to a letter Fahrenheit wrote to his friend <a href="/wiki/Herman_Boerhaave" title="Herman Boerhaave">Herman Boerhaave</a>,<a href="#cite_note-14">[13]</a> his scale was built on the work of <a href="/wiki/Ole_R%C3%B8mer" title="Ole Rømer">Ole Rømer</a>, whom he had met earlier. In <a href="/wiki/R%C3%B8mer_scale" title="Rømer scale">Rømer scale</a>, brine freezes at zero, water freezes and melts at 7.5 degrees, body temperature is 22.5, and water boils at 60 degrees. Fahrenheit multiplied each value by 4 in order to eliminate fractions and make the scale more <a href="/wiki/Granularity" title="Granularity">fine-grained</a>. He then re-calibrated his scale using the melting point of ice and normal human body temperature (which were at 30 and 90 degrees); he adjusted the scale so that the melting point of ice would be 32 degrees, and body temperature 96 degrees, so that 64 intervals would separate the two, allowing him to mark degree lines on his instruments by simply bisecting the interval 6 times (since 64 = 26).<a href="#cite_note-TMU-15">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-16">[15]</a> Fahrenheit soon after observed that water boils at about 212 degrees using this scale.<a href="#cite_note-17">[16]</a> The use of the freezing and boiling points of water as thermometer fixed reference points became popular following the work of <a href="/wiki/Anders_Celsius" title="Anders Celsius">Anders Celsius</a>, and these fixed points were adopted by a committee of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Society" title="Royal Society">Royal Society</a> led by <a href="/wiki/Henry_Cavendish" title="Henry Cavendish">Henry Cavendish</a> in 1776–77.<a href="#cite_note-18">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-19">[18]</a> Under this system, the Fahrenheit scale is redefined slightly so that the freezing point of water was exactly 32 °F, and the boiling point was exactly 212 °F, or 180 degrees higher. It is for this reason that <a href="/wiki/Normal_human_body_temperature" class="mw-redirect" title="Normal human body temperature">normal human body temperature</a> is approximately 98.6 °F (oral temperature) on the revised scale (whereas it was 90° on Fahrenheit's multiplication of Rømer, and 96° on his original scale).<a href="#cite_note-20">[19]</a> In the present-day Fahrenheit scale, 0 °F no longer corresponds to the eutectic temperature of ammonium chloride brine as described above. Instead, that eutectic is at approximately 4 °F on the final Fahrenheit scale.<a href="#cite_note-21">[note 2]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Rankine_scale" title="Rankine scale">Rankine temperature scale</a> was based upon the Fahrenheit temperature scale, with its zero representing <a href="/wiki/Absolute_zero" title="Absolute zero">absolute zero</a> instead. </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"><h2 id="Usage">Usage</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Fahrenheit&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Usage" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="General">General</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Fahrenheit&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: General" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Countries_that_use_Fahrenheit.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Countries_that_use_Fahrenheit.svg/280px-Countries_that_use_Fahrenheit.svg.png" decoding="async" width="280" height="144" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1314"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 280px;height: 144px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Countries_that_use_Fahrenheit.svg/280px-Countries_that_use_Fahrenheit.svg.png" data-width="280" data-height="144" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Countries_that_use_Fahrenheit.svg/420px-Countries_that_use_Fahrenheit.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Countries_that_use_Fahrenheit.svg/560px-Countries_that_use_Fahrenheit.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Countries by usage:<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend"> Fahrenheit (°F)</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"> Fahrenheit (°F) and Celsius (°C)</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"> Celsius (°C)</div></figcaption></figure> The Fahrenheit scale was the primary temperature standard for climatic, industrial and medical purposes in Anglophone countries until the 1960s. In the late 1960s and 1970s, the Celsius scale replaced Fahrenheit in almost all of those countries—with the notable exception of the United States. Fahrenheit is used in the United States, its territories and associated states (all serviced by the U.S. <a href="/wiki/National_Weather_Service" title="National Weather Service">National Weather Service</a>), as well as the (British) <a href="/wiki/Cayman_Islands" title="Cayman Islands">Cayman Islands</a> and <a href="/wiki/Liberia" title="Liberia">Liberia</a> for everyday applications. The Fahrenheit scale is in use in U.S. for all temperature measurements including weather forecasts, cooking, and food freezing temperatures, however for scientific research the scale is Celsius and Kelvin.<a href="#cite_note-22">[20]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Thermometer_CF.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Thermometer_CF.svg/170px-Thermometer_CF.svg.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="291" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 170px;height: 291px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Thermometer_CF.svg/170px-Thermometer_CF.svg.png" data-width="170" data-height="291" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Thermometer_CF.svg/255px-Thermometer_CF.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Thermometer_CF.svg/340px-Thermometer_CF.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_States">United States</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Fahrenheit&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: United States" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> Early in the 20th century, <a href="/wiki/Frederick_A._Halsey" title="Frederick A. Halsey">Halsey</a> and Dale suggested that reasons for resistance to use the centigrade (now Celsius) system in the U.S. included the larger size of each degree Celsius and the lower zero point in the Fahrenheit system; the Fahrenheit scale is supposedly more intuitive than Celsius for describing outdoor temperatures in temperate latitudes, with 100 °F being a hot summer day and 0 °F a cold winter day.<a href="#cite_note-23">[21]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Canada">Canada</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Fahrenheit&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Canada" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> Canada <a href="/wiki/Metrication_in_Canada" title="Metrication in Canada">has passed legislation</a> favoring the <a href="/wiki/International_System_of_Units" title="International System of Units">International System of Units</a>, while also maintaining legal definitions for traditional Canadian imperial units.<a href="#cite_note-24">[22]</a> Canadian weather reports are conveyed using degrees Celsius with occasional reference to Fahrenheit especially for <a href="/wiki/Border_blaster#Northern_U.S._and_Canada" title="Border blaster">cross-border broadcasts</a>. Fahrenheit is still used on virtually all Canadian ovens.<a href="#cite_note-25">[23]</a> Thermometers, both digital and analog, sold in Canada usually employ both the Celsius and Fahrenheit scales.<a href="#cite_note-26">[24]</a><a href="#cite_note-27">[25]</a><a href="#cite_note-Canadian-unit-laws-28">[26]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="European_Union">European Union</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Fahrenheit&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: European Union" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> In the European Union, it is mandatory to use Kelvins or degrees Celsius when quoting temperature for "economic, public health, public safety and administrative" purposes, though degrees Fahrenheit may be used alongside degrees Celsius as a supplementary unit.<a href="#cite_note-29">[27]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_Kingdom">United Kingdom</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Fahrenheit&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: United Kingdom" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> Most British people use Celsius.<a href="#cite_note-30">[28]</a> However, the use of Fahrenheit still may appear at times alongside degrees Celsius in the print media with no standard convention for when the measurement is included. For example, <a href="/wiki/The_Times" title="The Times">The Times</a> has an all-metric daily weather page but includes a Celsius-to-Fahrenheit conversion table.<a href="#cite_note-31">[29]</a> Some UK tabloids have adopted a tendency of using Fahrenheit for mid to high temperatures.<a href="#cite_note-32">[30]</a> It has been suggested that the rationale to keep using Fahrenheit was one of emphasis for high temperatures: "−6 °C" sounds colder than "21 °F", and "94 °F" sounds more sensational than "34 °C".<a href="#cite_note-T20060223-33">[31]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"><h2 id="Unicode_representation_of_symbol">Unicode representation of symbol</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Fahrenheit&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Unicode representation of symbol" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a> provides the Fahrenheit symbol at code point <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886049734">.mw-parser-output .monospaced{font-family:monospace,monospace}</style>U+2109 ℉ DEGREE FAHRENHEIT. However, this is a <a href="/wiki/Unicode_compatibility_characters" title="Unicode compatibility characters">compatibility character</a> encoded for <a href="/wiki/Round-trip_format_conversion" title="Round-trip format conversion">roundtrip compatibility</a> with legacy encodings. The Unicode standard explicitly discourages the use of this character: "The sequence <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734">U+00B0 ° DEGREE SIGN + <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734">U+0046 F LATIN CAPITAL LETTER F is preferred over <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734">U+2109 ℉ DEGREE FAHRENHEIT, and those two sequences should be treated as identical for searching."<a href="#cite_note-34">[32]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Fahrenheit&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: See also" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><a href="/wiki/File:Crystal_energy.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Crystal_energy.svg/29px-Crystal_energy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="29" height="28" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="130" data-file-height="124"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 29px;height: 28px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Crystal_energy.svg/29px-Crystal_energy.svg.png" data-alt="icon" data-width="29" data-height="28" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Crystal_energy.svg/44px-Crystal_energy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Crystal_energy.svg/59px-Crystal_energy.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><a href="/wiki/Portal:Energy" title="Portal:Energy">Energy portal</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_metrology_and_measurement" title="Outline of metrology and measurement">Outline of metrology and measurement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temperature_conversion#Comparison_of_temperature_scales" class="mw-redirect" title="Temperature conversion">Comparison of temperature scales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Degree_of_frost" title="Degree of frost">Degree of frost</a></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Fahrenheit&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Notes" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a> "Sal Armoniac" was an impure form of ammonium chloride. The French chemist <a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Lemery" title="Nicolas Lemery">Nicolas Lémery</a> (1645–1715) discussed it in his book Cours de Chymie (A Course of Chemistry, 1675), describing where it occurs naturally and how it can be prepared artificially. It occurs naturally in the deserts of northern Africa, where it forms from puddles of animal urine. It can be prepared artificially by boiling 5 parts of urine, 1 part of sea salt, and ½ part of chimney soot until the mixture has dried. The mixture is then heated in a sublimation pot until it sublimates; the sublimated crystals are sal Armoniac. See: <ul><li>Nicolas Lémery, Cours de chymie […], 7th ed. (Paris, France: Estienne Michallet, 1688), Chapitre XVII : du Sel Armoniac, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=4k54-UD6uR4C&pg=PT338">pp. 338–339</a>. <ul><li>English translation: Nicolas Lémery with James Keill, trans., A Course of Chymistry […], 3rd ed. (London, England: Walter Kettilby, 1698), Chap. XVII: of Sal Armoniack, p. 383, available on-line at <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dfg-viewer.de/show/?tx_dlf%5Bid%5D=http%3A%2F%2Fdigital.ub.uni-duesseldorf.de%2Foai%2F%3Fverb%3DGetRecord%26metadataPrefix%3Dmets%26identifier%3D1882311&tx_dlf%5Bpage%5D=431&tx_dlf%5Bdouble%5D=0&cHash=c8dd26af74e251df9bd96a6e4221344b">Heinrich Heine University (Düsseldorf, Germany)</a>.</li></ul></li></ul> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a> Eutectic temperature of ammonium chloride and water is listed as −15.9 °C (3.38 °F) and as −15.4 °C (4.28 °F) in (respectively) <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFPeppinHuppertWorster2008" class="citation journal cs1">Peppin, S. S.; Huppert, H. E.; Worster, M. G. (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.itg.cam.ac.uk/people/heh/Paper209.pdf">"Steady-state solidification of aqueous ammonium chloride"</a> (PDF). J. Fluid Mech. 159. Cambridge University Press: 472 (table 1). <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008JFM...599..465P">2008JFM...599..465P</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0022112008000219">10.1017/S0022112008000219</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:30271164">30271164</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100119222017/http://www.itg.cam.ac.uk/people/heh/Paper209.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 19 January 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=J.+Fluid+Mech.&rft.atitle=Steady-state+solidification+of+aqueous+ammonium+chloride&rft.volume=159&rft.pages=472+%28table+1%29&rft.date=2008&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A30271164%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0022112008000219&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2008JFM...599..465P&rft.aulast=Peppin&rft.aufirst=S.+S.&rft.au=Huppert%2C+H.+E.&rft.au=Worster%2C+M.+G.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.itg.cam.ac.uk%2Fpeople%2Fheh%2FPaper209.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFahrenheit" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarmanNayakChattopadhyay2021" class="citation journal cs1">Barman, N.; Nayak, A. K.; Chattopadhyay, H. (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cyberleninka.org/article/n/633625.pdf">"Solidification of a Binary Solution (NH4Cl + H2O) on an Inclined Cooling Plate: A Parametric Study"</a> (PDF). Procedia Materials Science. 7: 456 (table 1). <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.mspro.2014.07.288">10.1016/j.mspro.2014.07.288</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190115075817/https://cyberleninka.org/article/n/633625.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 15 January 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Procedia+Materials+Science&rft.atitle=Solidification+of+a+Binary+Solution+%28NH%3Csub%3E4%3C%2Fsub%3ECl+%2B+H%3Csub%3E2%3C%2Fsub%3EO%29+on+an+Inclined+Cooling+Plate%3A+A+Parametric+Study&rft.volume=7&rft.pages=456+%28table+1%29&rft.date=2021&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.mspro.2014.07.288&rft.aulast=Barman&rft.aufirst=N.&rft.au=Nayak%2C+A.+K.&rft.au=Chattopadhyay%2C+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcyberleninka.org%2Farticle%2Fn%2F633625.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFahrenheit" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </li> </ol></div></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"><h2 id="References">References</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Fahrenheit&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: References" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 35em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBalmer2010" class="citation book cs1">Balmer, Robert T. (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=VC-RuN6moREC&q=fahrenheit%20temperature%20scale%20inventor%20book&pg=PA9">Modern Engineering Thermodynamics</a>. Academic Press. p. 9. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-12-374996-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-12-374996-3"><bdi>978-0-12-374996-3</bdi></a>. Retrieved 17 July 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Modern+Engineering+Thermodynamics&rft.pages=9&rft.pub=Academic+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-12-374996-3&rft.aulast=Balmer&rft.aufirst=Robert+T.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DVC-RuN6moREC%26q%3Dfahrenheit%2520temperature%2520scale%2520inventor%2520book%26pg%3DPA9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFahrenheit" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-2">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/science/Fahrenheit-temperature-scale">"Fahrenheit temperature scale"</a>. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Retrieved 25 September 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Fahrenheit+temperature+scale&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica+Online&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fscience%2FFahrenheit-temperature-scale&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFahrenheit" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.livescience.com/39916-fahrenheit.html">"Fahrenheit: Facts, History & Conversion Formulas"</a>. Live Science. Retrieved 9 February 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Live+Science&rft.atitle=Fahrenheit%3A+Facts%2C+History+%26+Conversion+Formulas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.livescience.com%2F39916-fahrenheit.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFahrenheit" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBenham2020" class="citation web cs1">Benham, Elizabeth (6 October 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nist.gov/blogs/taking-measure/busting-myths-about-metric-system">"Busting Myths about the Metric System"</a>. US National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Busting+Myths+about+the+Metric+System&rft.pub=US+National+Institute+of+Standards+and+Technology+%28NIST%29&rft.date=2020-10-06&rft.aulast=Benham&rft.aufirst=Elizabeth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nist.gov%2Fblogs%2Ftaking-measure%2Fbusting-myths-about-metric-system&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFahrenheit" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nist.gov/system/files/documents/2021/11/30/2022-HB44-Section-Appendix-C.pdf">"Appendix C – General Tables of Units of Measurement"</a> (PDF). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nist.gov/pml/weights-and-measures/publications/nist-handbooks/handbook-44-current-edition">NIST Handbook 44 -Specifications, Tolerances, and Other Technical Requirements for Weighing and Measuring Devices - 2022</a>. US National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). 29 November 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211227073804/https://www.nist.gov/system/files/documents/2021/11/30/2022-HB44-Section-Appendix-C.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 27 December 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Appendix+C+%E2%80%93+General+Tables+of+Units+of+Measurement&rft.btitle=NIST+Handbook+44+-Specifications%2C+Tolerances%2C+and+Other+Technical+Requirements+for+Weighing+and+Measuring+Devices+-+2022&rft.pub=US+National+Institute+of+Standards+and+Technology+%28NIST%29&rft.date=2021-11-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nist.gov%2Fsystem%2Ffiles%2Fdocuments%2F2021%2F11%2F30%2F2022-HB44-Section-Appendix-C.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFahrenheit" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201002102817/http://metricviews.org.uk/2012/10/50-years-of-celsius-weather-forecasts-%E2%80%93-time-to-kill-off-fahrenheit-for-good/">"50 years of Celsius weather forecasts – time to kill off Fahrenheit for good? | Metric Views"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://metricviews.org.uk/2012/10/50-years-of-celsius-weather-forecasts-%E2%80%93-time-to-kill-off-fahrenheit-for-good/">the original</a> on 2 October 2020. Retrieved 28 July 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=50+years+of+Celsius+weather+forecasts+%E2%80%93+time+to+kill+off+Fahrenheit+for+good%3F+%26%23124%3B+Metric+Views&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmetricviews.org.uk%2F2012%2F10%2F50-years-of-celsius-weather-forecasts-%25E2%2580%2593-time-to-kill-off-fahrenheit-for-good%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFahrenheit" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> Celsius, Anders (1742) "Observationer om twänne beständiga grader på en thermometer" (Observations about two stable degrees on a thermometer), Kungliga Svenska Vetenskapsakademiens Handlingar (Proceedings of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences), 3: 171–180 and Fig. 1. </li> <li id="cite_note-rank-8">^ <a href="#cite_ref-rank_8-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-rank_8-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoyes2009" class="citation book cs1">Boyes, Walt (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ZvscLzOlkNgC&q=rankine%20temperature%20scale%20book&pg=PA273">Instrumentation Reference Book</a>. Butterworth-Heinemann. pp. 273–274. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7506-8308-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7506-8308-1"><bdi>978-0-7506-8308-1</bdi></a>. Retrieved 17 July 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Instrumentation+Reference+Book&rft.pages=273-274&rft.pub=Butterworth-Heinemann&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-7506-8308-1&rft.aulast=Boyes&rft.aufirst=Walt&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZvscLzOlkNgC%26q%3Drankine%2520temperature%2520scale%2520book%26pg%3DPA273&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFahrenheit" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDingman2009" class="citation book cs1">Dingman, S. L. (26 February 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=cvwRDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA522">Fluvial Hydraulics</a>. Oxford University Press, USA. p. 522. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-517286-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-517286-7"><bdi>978-0-19-517286-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fluvial+Hydraulics&rft.pages=522&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press%2C+USA&rft.date=2009-02-26&rft.isbn=978-0-19-517286-7&rft.aulast=Dingman&rft.aufirst=S.+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DcvwRDAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA522&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFahrenheit" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSoginHassan1956" class="citation book cs1">Sogin, Harold H.; Hassan, Kamal-Eldin (June 1956). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=6cYnAAAAMAAJ&pg=RA9-PR12">A design manual for regenerative heat exchangers of the rotary type</a>. Wright Air Development Center. p. xii.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+design+manual+for+regenerative+heat+exchangers+of+the+rotary+type&rft.pages=xii&rft.pub=Wright+Air+Development+Center&rft.date=1956-06&rft.aulast=Sogin&rft.aufirst=Harold+H.&rft.au=Hassan%2C+Kamal-Eldin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D6cYnAAAAMAAJ%26pg%3DRA9-PR12&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFahrenheit" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-12">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_12-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_12-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_12-2">c</a> Fahrenheit, Daniele Gabr. (1724) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/abs/10.1098/rstl.1724.0016">Experimenta & observationes de congelatione aquæ in vacuo factæ a D. G. Fahrenheit, R. S. S</a> (Experiments and observations on water freezing in the void by D. G. Fahrenheit, R. S. S.), Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, vol. 33, no. 382, page 78 (March–April 1724). Cited and translated in <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.sizes.com:80/units/temperature_Fahrenheit.htm">http://www.sizes.com:80/units/temperature_Fahrenheit.htm</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131015045624/http://www.deutscher-wetterdienst.de/lexikon/index.htm?ID=L&DAT=Lufttemperatur">"Wetterlexikon - Lufttemperatur"</a> (in German). <a href="/wiki/Deutscher_Wetterdienst" title="Deutscher Wetterdienst">Deutscher Wetterdienst</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.deutscher-wetterdienst.de/lexikon/index.htm?ID=L&DAT=Lufttemperatur">the original</a> on 15 October 2013. Retrieved 13 December 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Wetterlexikon+-+Lufttemperatur&rft.pub=Deutscher+Wetterdienst&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.deutscher-wetterdienst.de%2Flexikon%2Findex.htm%3FID%3DL%26DAT%3DLufttemperatur&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFahrenheit" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a> Ernst Cohen and W. A. T. Cohen-De Meester. Chemisch Weekblad, volume 33 (1936), pages 374–393, cited and translated in <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.sizes.com:80/units/temperature_Fahrenheit.htm">http://www.sizes.com:80/units/temperature_Fahrenheit.htm</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-TMU-15"><a href="#cite_ref-TMU_15-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrautschiRichard_P._OlenickTom_M._ApostolDavid_L._Goodstein2008" class="citation book cs1">Frautschi, Steven C.; Richard P. Olenick; Tom M. Apostol; David L. Goodstein (14 January 2008). The mechanical universe: mechanics and heat. Cambridge University Press. p. 502. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-71590-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-71590-4"><bdi>978-0-521-71590-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+mechanical+universe%3A+mechanics+and+heat&rft.pages=502&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2008-01-14&rft.isbn=978-0-521-71590-4&rft.aulast=Frautschi&rft.aufirst=Steven+C.&rft.au=Richard+P.+Olenick&rft.au=Tom+M.+Apostol&rft.au=David+L.+Goodstein&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFahrenheit" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAdams1989" class="citation web cs1">Adams, Cecil (15 December 1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.straightdope.com/21342402/fahrenheit-scale-0-100-significance">"On the Fahrenheit scale, do 0 and 100 have any special significance?"</a>. The Straight Dope.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=On+the+Fahrenheit+scale%2C+do+0+and+100+have+any+special+significance%3F&rft.pub=The+Straight+Dope&rft.date=1989-12-15&rft.aulast=Adams&rft.aufirst=Cecil&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.straightdope.com%2F21342402%2Ffahrenheit-scale-0-100-significance&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFahrenheit" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a> Fahrenheit, Daniele Gabr. (1724) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rstl.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/33/381-391/1.full.pdf+html">"Experimenta circa gradum caloris liquorum nonnullorum ebullientium instituta"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140629074815/http://rstl.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/33/381-391/1.full.pdf+html">Archived</a> 29 June 2014 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (Experiments performed concerning the degree of heat of some boiling liquids), Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, 33 : 1–3. For an English translation, see: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.lemoyne.edu/giunta/fahrenheit.html">Le Moyne College (Syracuse, New York)</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Hasok_Chang" title="Hasok Chang">Hasok Chang</a>, Inventing Temperature: Measurement and Scientific Progress, pp. 8–11, Oxford University Press, 2004, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0198038240" title="Special:BookSources/0198038240">0198038240</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCavendishHeberdenAubertLuc1777" class="citation journal cs1">Cavendish, Henry; Heberden, William; Aubert, Alexander; Luc, Jean Andre De; Maskelyne, Nevil; Horsley, Samuel; Planta, Joseph (28 December 1777). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/paper-doi-10_1098_rstl_1777_0038">"XXXVII. The report of the Committee appointed by the Royal Society to consider of the best method of adjusting the fixed points of thermometers; and of the precautions necessary to be used in making experiments with those instruments"</a>. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. 67: 816–857. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1098%2Frstl.1777.0038">10.1098/rstl.1777.0038</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0261-0523">0261-0523</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Philosophical+Transactions+of+the+Royal+Society+of+London&rft.atitle=XXXVII.+The+report+of+the+Committee+appointed+by+the+Royal+Society+to+consider+of+the+best+method+of+adjusting+the+fixed+points+of+thermometers%3B+and+of+the+precautions+necessary+to+be+used+in+making+experiments+with+those+instruments&rft.volume=67&rft.pages=816-857&rft.date=1777-12-28&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1098%2Frstl.1777.0038&rft.issn=0261-0523&rft.aulast=Cavendish&rft.aufirst=Henry&rft.au=Heberden%2C+William&rft.au=Aubert%2C+Alexander&rft.au=Luc%2C+Jean+Andre+De&rft.au=Maskelyne%2C+Nevil&rft.au=Horsley%2C+Samuel&rft.au=Planta%2C+Joseph&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fpaper-doi-10_1098_rstl_1777_0038&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFahrenheit" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFElertForsbergWahren2002" class="citation journal cs1">Elert, Glenn; Forsberg, C.; Wahren, L.K. (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100926162224/http://hypertextbook.com/facts/LenaWong.shtml">"Temperature of a Healthy Human (Body Temperature)"</a>. Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences. 16 (2): 122–8. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1046%2Fj.1471-6712.2002.00069.x">10.1046/j.1471-6712.2002.00069.x</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12000664">12000664</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hypertextbook.com/facts/LenaWong.shtml">the original</a> on 26 September 2010. Retrieved 12 April 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Scandinavian+Journal+of+Caring+Sciences&rft.atitle=Temperature+of+a+Healthy+Human+%28Body+Temperature%29&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=122-8&rft.date=2002&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1046%2Fj.1471-6712.2002.00069.x&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F12000664&rft.aulast=Elert&rft.aufirst=Glenn&rft.au=Forsberg%2C+C.&rft.au=Wahren%2C+L.K.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhypertextbook.com%2Ffacts%2FLenaWong.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFahrenheit" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wmo.int/e-catalog/detail_en.php?PUB_ID=70&SORT=N&q=Aerodrome%20Reports%20and%20Forecasts">"782 - Aerodrome reports and forecasts: A user's handbook to the codes"</a>. World Meteorological Organization. Retrieved 23 September 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=World+Meteorological+Organization&rft.atitle=782+-+Aerodrome+reports+and+forecasts%3A+A+user%27s+handbook+to+the+codes&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wmo.int%2Fe-catalog%2Fdetail_en.php%3FPUB_ID%3D70%26SORT%3DN%26q%3DAerodrome%2520Reports%2520and%2520Forecasts&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFahrenheit" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHalsey,_Frederick_A.Dale,_Samuel_S.1919" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Frederick_A._Halsey" title="Frederick A. Halsey">Halsey, Frederick A.</a>; Dale, Samuel S. (1919). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=xRMPAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA165">The metric fallacy</a> (2 ed.). The American Institute of Weights and Measures. pp. 165–166, 176–177. Retrieved 19 May 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+metric+fallacy&rft.pages=165-166%2C+176-177&rft.edition=2&rft.pub=The+American+Institute+of+Weights+and+Measures&rft.date=1919&rft.au=Halsey%2C+Frederick+A.&rft.au=Dale%2C+Samuel+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DxRMPAAAAYAAJ%26pg%3DPA165&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFahrenheit" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110513063917/http://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/W-6/page-19.html#h-17">"Canadian Units of Measurement; Department of Justice, Weights and Measures Act (R.S.C., 1985, c. W-6)"</a>. 17 May 2011. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/W-6/page-19.html#h-17">the original</a> on 13 May 2011. Retrieved 5 June 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Canadian+Units+of+Measurement%3B+Department+of+Justice%2C+Weights+and+Measures+Act+%28R.S.C.%2C+1985%2C+c.+W-6%29&rft.date=2011-05-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flaws-lois.justice.gc.ca%2Feng%2Facts%2FW-6%2Fpage-19.html%23h-17&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFahrenheit" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPearlstein2000" class="citation news cs1">Pearlstein, Steven (4 June 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.seattletimes.com/archive/20000604/4024917/did-canada-go-metric-yes---and-no">"Did Canada go metric? Yes - and no"</a>. The Seattle Times. Retrieved 5 June 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Seattle+Times&rft.atitle=Did+Canada+go+metric%3F+Yes+-+and+no&rft.date=2000-06-04&rft.aulast=Pearlstein&rft.aufirst=Steven&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.seattletimes.com%2Farchive%2F20000604%2F4024917%2Fdid-canada-go-metric-yes---and-no&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFahrenheit" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110706171604/http://www.canadiantire.ca/AST/browse/2/OutdoorLiving/GardenDecor/ClocksThermometers/PRD~0429116P/12-in.%2BThermometer%2C%2BWhite.jsp?locale=en">"Example of analog thermometer frequently used in Canada"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.canadiantire.ca/AST/browse/2/OutdoorLiving/GardenDecor/ClocksThermometers/PRD~0429116P/12-in.%252BThermometer%25252C%252BWhite.jsp?locale=en">the original</a> on 6 July 2011. Retrieved 6 June 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Example+of+analog+thermometer+frequently+used+in+Canada&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.canadiantire.ca%2FAST%2Fbrowse%2F2%2FOutdoorLiving%2FGardenDecor%2FClocksThermometers%2FPRD~0429116P%2F12-in.%25252BThermometer%2525252C%25252BWhite.jsp%3Flocale%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFahrenheit" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110706171434/http://www.canadiantire.ca/AST/browse/3/HouseHome/HomeDecor/Thermometers/PRD~0429929P/Deluxe%2BWeather%2BStation.jsp?locale=en">"Example of digital thermometer frequently used in Canada"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.canadiantire.ca/AST/browse/3/HouseHome/HomeDecor/Thermometers/PRD~0429929P/Deluxe%252BWeather%252BStation.jsp?locale=en">the original</a> on 6 July 2011. Retrieved 6 June 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Example+of+digital+thermometer+frequently+used+in+Canada&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.canadiantire.ca%2FAST%2Fbrowse%2F3%2FHouseHome%2FHomeDecor%2FThermometers%2FPRD~0429929P%2FDeluxe%25252BWeather%25252BStation.jsp%3Flocale%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFahrenheit" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Canadian-unit-laws-28"><a href="#cite_ref-Canadian-unit-laws_28-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDepartment_of_Justice2009" class="citation web cs1">Department of Justice (26 February 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20110810220840/http://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/W-6/page-2.html">"Canadian Weights and Measures Act"</a>. Federal Government of Canada. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://laws.justice.gc.ca/eng/W-6/page-2.html">the original</a> on 10 August 2011. Retrieved 17 July 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Canadian+Weights+and+Measures+Act&rft.pub=Federal+Government+of+Canada&rft.date=2009-02-26&rft.au=Department+of+Justice&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flaws.justice.gc.ca%2Feng%2FW-6%2Fpage-2.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFahrenheit" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170101064857/http://origin-www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2009/3046/pdfs/uksi_20093046_en.pdf">Statutory Instrument 2009/3046 – Weights and Measures – The Units of Measurement Regulations 2009</a> (PDF), archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://origin-www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2009/3046/pdfs/uksi_20093046_en.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 1 January 2017, <q>"The Secretary of State, being a Minister designated(a) for the purposes of section 2(2) of the European Communities Act 1972(b) in relation to units of measurement to be used for economic, health, safety, or administrative purposes, in exercise of the powers conferred by that subsection, makes the following Regulations:</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Statutory+Instrument+2009%2F3046+%E2%80%93+Weights+and+Measures+%E2%80%93+The+Units+of+Measurement+Regulations+2009&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Forigin-www.legislation.gov.uk%2Fuksi%2F2009%2F3046%2Fpdfs%2Fuksi_20093046_en.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFahrenheit" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.opinium.com/the-media-like-fahrenheit-but-most-brits-think-in-celsius/">"The media like Fahrenheit but most Brits think in Celsius"</a>. Opinium. 24 July 2013. Retrieved 21 June 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Opinium&rft.atitle=The+media+like+Fahrenheit+but+most+Brits+think+in+Celsius&rft.date=2013-07-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.opinium.com%2Fthe-media-like-fahrenheit-but-most-brits-think-in-celsius%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFahrenheit" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"Weather". The Times. 3 July 2013. p. 55.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times&rft.atitle=Weather&rft.pages=55&rft.date=2013-07-03&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFahrenheit" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoy_Greenslade2014" class="citation news cs1">Roy Greenslade (29 May 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/media/greenslade/2014/dec/29/newspapers-run-hot-and-cold-over-celsius-and-fahrenheit">"Newspapers run hot and cold over Celsius and Fahrenheit"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Newspapers+run+hot+and+cold+over+Celsius+and+Fahrenheit&rft.date=2014-05-29&rft.au=Roy+Greenslade&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fmedia%2Fgreenslade%2F2014%2Fdec%2F29%2Fnewspapers-run-hot-and-cold-over-celsius-and-fahrenheit&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFahrenheit" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-T20060223-33"><a href="#cite_ref-T20060223_33-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"Measure for measure". The Times. 23 February 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times&rft.atitle=Measure+for+measure&rft.date=2006-02-23&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFahrenheit" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">"22.2". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode8.0.0/ch22.pdf">The Unicode Standard, Version 8.0</a> (PDF). Mountain View, CA, USA: The Unicode Consortium. August 2015. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-936213-10-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-936213-10-8"><bdi>978-1-936213-10-8</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150905122611/http://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode8.0.0/ch22.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 5 September 2015. Retrieved 6 September 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=22.2&rft.btitle=The+Unicode+Standard%2C+Version+8.0&rft.place=Mountain+View%2C+CA%2C+USA&rft.pub=The+Unicode+Consortium&rft.date=2015-08&rft.isbn=978-1-936213-10-8&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.unicode.org%2Fversions%2FUnicode8.0.0%2Fch22.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFahrenheit" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(8)"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Fahrenheit&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: External links" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-8 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-8"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 12px;height: 16px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="12" data-height="16" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Fahrenheit_temperature" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Fahrenheit temperature">Fahrenheit temperature</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/16px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 16px;height: 16px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/16px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="16" data-height="16" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/24px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/32px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> The dictionary definition of <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/fahrenheit" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Special:Search/fahrenheit">fahrenheit</a> at Wiktionary</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/200226/Daniel-Gabriel-Fahrenheit">Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit (Polish-born Dutch physicist) – Encyclopædia Britannica</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://enfilade18thc.com/2012/10/03/fahrenheit-thermometer-at-auction/">"At Auction | One of Only Three Original Fahrenheit Thermometers"</a> Enfilade page for 2012 <a href="/wiki/Christie%27s" title="Christie's">Christie's</a> sale of a Fahrenheit mercury thermometer <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://enfilade18thc.files.wordpress.com/2012/09/press-release1.pdf">Christie's press release</a></li></ul></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nist.gov/pml/weights-and-measures/si-units-temperature">"SI Units - Temperature"</a>. NIST. National Institute of Standards and Technology (US Department of Commerce). 15 November 2019. Retrieved 25 February 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NIST&rft.atitle=SI+Units+-+Temperature&rft.date=2019-11-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nist.gov%2Fpml%2Fweights-and-measures%2Fsi-units-temperature&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFahrenheit" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div></section></div> <noscript><img src="https://login.m.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&mobile=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fahrenheit&oldid=1257075242">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fahrenheit&oldid=1257075242</a>"</div></div> </div> <div class="post-content" id="page-secondary-actions"> </div> </main> <footer class="mw-footer minerva-footer" role="contentinfo"> <a class="last-modified-bar" href="/w/index.php?title=Fahrenheit&action=history"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"> Last edited on 13 November 2024, at 03:06 </div> </a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id='mw-data-after-content'> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Languages</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fahrenheit" title="Fahrenheit – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Fahrenheit" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%87%D8%B1%D9%86%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%AA" title="فهرنهايت – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="فهرنهايت" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grau_Fahrenheit" title="Grau Fahrenheit – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Grau Fahrenheit" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AB%E0%A6%BE%E0%A7%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%9F" title="ফাৰেনহাইট – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="ফাৰেনহাইট" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">অসমীয়া</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grau_Fahrenheit" title="Grau Fahrenheit – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Grau Fahrenheit" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farenheyt_%C5%9Fkalas%C4%B1" title="Farenheyt şkalası – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Farenheyt şkalası" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%86%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%AA" title="فارنهایت – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="فارنهایت" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AB%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%9F" title="ফারেনহাইট – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ফারেনহাইট" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%81_%D0%A4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Градус Фарэнгейта – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Градус Фарэнгейта" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%81_%D0%A4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Градус Фарэнгайта – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Градус Фарэнгайта" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fahrenheit" title="Fahrenheit – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Fahrenheit" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bikol Central</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%82" title="Фаренхайт – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Фаренхайт" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grau_Fahrenheit" title="Grau Fahrenheit – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Grau Fahrenheit" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stupe%C5%88_Fahrenheita" title="Stupeň Fahrenheita – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Stupeň Fahrenheita" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fahrenheit" title="Fahrenheit – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Fahrenheit" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grad_Fahrenheit" title="Grad Fahrenheit – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Grad Fahrenheit" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fahrenheiti_skaala" title="Fahrenheiti skaala – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Fahrenheiti skaala" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%BB%CE%AF%CE%BC%CE%B1%CE%BA%CE%B1_%CE%A6%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%B5%CE%BD%CE%AC%CE%B9%CF%84" title="Κλίμακα Φαρενάιτ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κλίμακα Φαρενάιτ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grado_Fahrenheit" title="Grado Fahrenheit – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Grado Fahrenheit" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grado_farenhejta" title="Grado farenhejta – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Grado farenhejta" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fahrenheit_gradu" title="Fahrenheit gradu – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Fahrenheit gradu" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%86%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%AA" title="فارنهایت – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="فارنهایت" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fahrenheitstigin" title="Fahrenheitstigin – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Fahrenheitstigin" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Føroyskt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Degr%C3%A9_Fahrenheit" title="Degré Fahrenheit – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Degré Fahrenheit" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fahrenheit" title="Fahrenheit – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Fahrenheit" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grao_Fahrenheit" title="Grao Fahrenheit – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Grao Fahrenheit" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%99%94%EC%94%A8" title="화씨 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="화씨" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%96%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%BF%D5%AB_%D5%BD%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A4%D5%B2%D5%A1%D5%AF" title="Ֆարենհայտի սանդղակ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ֆարենհայտի սանդղակ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%9F" title="फॉरेन्हाइट – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="फॉरेन्हाइट" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fahrenheitova_termometarska_ljestvica" title="Fahrenheitova termometarska ljestvica – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Fahrenheitova termometarska ljestvica" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fahrenheit" title="Fahrenheit – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Fahrenheit" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grado_Fahrenheit" title="Grado Fahrenheit – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Grado Fahrenheit" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fahrenheit" title="Fahrenheit – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Fahrenheit" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grado_Fahrenheit" title="Grado Fahrenheit – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Grado Fahrenheit" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A2%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%A0%D7%94%D7%99%D7%99%D7%98" title="מעלות פרנהייט – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מעלות פרנהייט" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AB%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B9%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B9%E0%B3%88%E0%B2%9F%E0%B3%8D" title="ಫಾಹ್ರೆನ್ಹೈಟ್ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಫಾಹ್ರೆನ್ಹೈಟ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A4%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%B0%E1%83%90%E1%83%98%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98" title="ფარენჰაიტი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ფარენჰაიტი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%82_%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Фаренгейт шкаласы – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Фаренгейт шкаласы" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fahrenheit" title="Fahrenheit – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Fahrenheit" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Degre_Farennayt" title="Degre Farennayt – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Degre Farennayt" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kreyòl ayisyen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pileya_Fahrenheit" title="Pileya Fahrenheit – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Pileya Fahrenheit" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C4%81renheita_gr%C4%81ds" title="Fārenheita grāds – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Fārenheita grāds" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grad_Fahrenheit" title="Grad Fahrenheit – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Grad Fahrenheit" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farenheito_skal%C4%97" title="Farenheito skalė – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Farenheito skalė" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fahrenheitsjaol" title="Fahrenheitsjaol – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Fahrenheitsjaol" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Limburgs</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fahrenheit" title="Fahrenheit – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Fahrenheit" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%98%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Фаренхајтов степен – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Фаренхајтов степен" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AB%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%BA%E0%B4%B9%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D" title="ഫാരൺഹീറ്റ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഫാരൺഹീറ്റ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%85%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%9F" title="फॅरनहाइट – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="फॅरनहाइट" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fahrenheit" title="Fahrenheit – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Fahrenheit" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%82" title="Фаренгейт – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Фаренгейт" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%96%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9B%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9F%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA" title="ဖာရင်ဟိုက် – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဖာရင်ဟိုက်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fahrenheit" title="Fahrenheit – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Fahrenheit" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%8F" title="華氏 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="華氏" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graad_Fahrenheit" title="Graad Fahrenheit – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Graad Fahrenheit" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nordfriisk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grad_fahrenheit" title="Grad fahrenheit – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Grad fahrenheit" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fahrenheit" title="Fahrenheit – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Fahrenheit" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gra_Fahrenheit" title="Gra Fahrenheit – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Gra Fahrenheit" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%88%E0%A8%9F" title="ਫ਼ਾਰਨਹਾਈਟ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਫ਼ਾਰਨਹਾਈਟ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%86_%DB%81%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%B9" title="فارن ہائٹ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="فارن ہائٹ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farenait" title="Farenait – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Farenait" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Patois</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grad_Fahrenheit" title="Grad Fahrenheit – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Grad Fahrenheit" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Plattdüütsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skala_Fahrenheita" title="Skala Fahrenheita – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Skala Fahrenheita" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grau_Fahrenheit" title="Grau Fahrenheit – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Grau Fahrenheit" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fahrenheit" title="Fahrenheit – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Fahrenheit" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%81_%D0%A4%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Градус Фаренгейта – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Градус Фаренгейта" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fahrenheit" title="Fahrenheit – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Fahrenheit" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gradu_Fahrenheit" title="Gradu Fahrenheit – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Gradu Fahrenheit" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sicilianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fahrenheit" title="Fahrenheit – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Fahrenheit" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stupe%C5%88_Fahrenheita" title="Stupeň Fahrenheita – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Stupeň Fahrenheita" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fahrenheitova_temperaturna_lestvica" title="Fahrenheitova temperaturna lestvica – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Fahrenheitova temperaturna lestvica" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faaranhaayt" title="Faaranhaayt – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Faaranhaayt" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target">Soomaaliga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%95%D9%86%DA%BE%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%AA" title="فارەنھایت – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="فارەنھایت" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D1%84%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%98%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Степен фаренхајта – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Степен фаренхајта" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fahrenheit" title="Fahrenheit – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Fahrenheit" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fahrenheit-asteikko" title="Fahrenheit-asteikko – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Fahrenheit-asteikko" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grad_Fahrenheit" title="Grad Fahrenheit – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Grad Fahrenheit" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fahrenheit" title="Fahrenheit – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Fahrenheit" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%83%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D" title="பாரன்ஃகைட் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பாரன்ஃகைட்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AB%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D%E2%80%8C%E0%B0%B9%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%8D" title="ఫారెన్‌హీట్ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ఫారెన్‌హీట్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target">తెలుగు</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%AE%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%8C" title="องศาฟาเรนไฮต์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="องศาฟาเรนไฮต์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fahrenhayt" title="Fahrenhayt – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Fahrenhayt" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D0%A4%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Шкала Фаренгейта – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Шкала Фаренгейта" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%86%DB%81%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%B9" title="فارنہائٹ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="فارنہائٹ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%99_Fahrenheit" title="Độ Fahrenheit – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Độ Fahrenheit" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fahrenheit" title="Fahrenheit – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Fahrenheit" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%8E%E6%B0%8F%E6%B8%A9%E6%A0%87" title="华氏温标 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="华氏温标" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%A2%D7%A0%D7%94%D7%99%D7%99%D7%98" title="פארענהייט – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="פארענהייט" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target">ייִדיש</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%8F" title="華氏 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="華氏" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%8E%E6%B0%8F%E6%B8%A9%E6%A0%87" title="华氏温标 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="华氏温标" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li></ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"><img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" alt="Wikipedia" width="120" height="18" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"/> </div> <ul id="footer-info" class="footer-info hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 13 November 2024, at 03:06 (UTC).</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Content is available under <a class="external" rel="nofollow" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">CC BY-SA 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places" class="footer-places hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-terms-use"><a href="https://foundation.m.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use">Terms of Use</a></li> <li id="footer-places-desktop-toggle"><a id="mw-mf-display-toggle" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fahrenheit&mobileaction=toggle_view_desktop" data-event-name="switch_to_desktop">Desktop</a></li> </ul> </div> </footer> </div> </div> <div class="mw-notification-area" data-mw="interface"></div>  <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-dhbcv","wgBackendResponseTime":259,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"1.044","walltime":"1.349","ppvisitednodes":{"value":7956,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":150650,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":14091,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":23,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":8,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":155700,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1229.545 1 -total"," 17.70% 217.622 2 Template:NoteTag"," 16.49% 202.725 2 Template:Reflist"," 10.56% 129.802 5 Template:Navbox"," 9.92% 121.997 1 Template:Lang"," 8.99% 110.487 5 Template:Cite_journal"," 8.75% 107.587 1 Template:Short_description"," 8.72% 107.158 1 Template:Scales_of_temperature"," 6.88% 84.573 1 Template:Temperature"," 6.61% 81.332 1 Template:Temperature/switch"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.609","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":26829189,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-99kdj","timestamp":"20241122140415","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Fahrenheit","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fahrenheit","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q42289","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q42289","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2001-11-18T22:52:35Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/c\/c9\/Raumthermometer_Fahrenheit%2BCelsius.jpg","headline":"unit of temperature"}</script><script>(window.NORLQ=window.NORLQ||[]).push(function(){var ns,i,p,img;ns=document.getElementsByTagName('noscript');for(i=0;i<ns.length;i++){p=ns[i].nextSibling;if(p&&p.className&&p.className.indexOf('lazy-image-placeholder')>-1){img=document.createElement('img');img.setAttribute('src',p.getAttribute('data-src'));img.setAttribute('width',p.getAttribute('data-width'));img.setAttribute('height',p.getAttribute('data-height'));img.setAttribute('alt',p.getAttribute('data-alt'));p.parentNode.replaceChild(img,p);}}});</script> </body> </html>