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href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Istaknuti_%C4%8Dlanci"><span>Istaknuti članci</span></a></li><li id="n-sidebar-portals" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Portal"><span>Portali</span></a></li><li id="n-sidebar-categories" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kategorije"><span>Kategorije</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:Nedavne_izmjene" title="Spisak nedavnih izmjena na wiki. [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Nedavne izmjene</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:Nasumi%C4%8Dna_stranica" title="Učitaj nasumičnu stranicu [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Nasumična stranica</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Interakcija </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Pomo%C4%87:Sadr%C5%BEaj" title="Mjesto gdje možete nešto da naučite."><span>Pomoć</span></a></li><li id="n-sidebar-sandbox" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Igrali%C5%A1te"><span>Igralište</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Vrata_zajednice" title="O projektu, šta možete da uradite, gdje se šta nalazi"><span>Vrata zajednice</span></a></li><li id="n-sidebar-village-pump" class="mw-list-item"><a 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class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Posebno:Pretraga"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Traži</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Lični alati"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Izgled"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Izgled" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Izgled</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_bs.wikipedia.org&uselang=bs" class=""><span>Donacije</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:Napravi_ra%C4%8Dun&returnto=Kisela+ki%C5%A1a" title="Predlažemo vam da napravite račun i prijavite se; međutim, to nije obavezno" class=""><span>Napravi korisnički račun</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:Korisni%C4%8Dka_prijava&returnto=Kisela+ki%C5%A1a" title="Predlažemo vam da se prijavite, iako to nije obavezno [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Prijavi me</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Više opcija" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Lični alati" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Lični alati</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Korisnički meni" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_bs.wikipedia.org&uselang=bs"><span>Donacije</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:Napravi_ra%C4%8Dun&returnto=Kisela+ki%C5%A1a" title="Predlažemo vam da napravite račun i prijavite se; međutim, to nije obavezno"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Napravi korisnički račun</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:Korisni%C4%8Dka_prijava&returnto=Kisela+ki%C5%A1a" title="Predlažemo vam da se prijavite, iako to nije obavezno [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Prijavi me</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Stranice za odjavljene urednike <a href="/wiki/Pomo%C4%87:Uvod" aria-label="Saznajte više o uređivanju"><span>detaljnije</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:Moji_doprinosi" title="Spisak izmjena napravljenih s ove IP-adrese [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Doprinosi</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:Moj_razgovor" title="Rasprava o izmjenama s ove IP-adrese [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Razgovor</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><div 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decoding=\"async\" width=\"40\" height=\"43\" class=\"mw-file-element\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Wikipedia_Asian_Month_Logo.svg/60px-Wikipedia_Asian_Month_Logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Wikipedia_Asian_Month_Logo.svg/80px-Wikipedia_Asian_Month_Logo.svg.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"512\" data-file-height=\"555\" /\u003E\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/span\u003E\u003C/td\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"mbox-text\"\u003EOd 1. do 30. novembra 2024. učestvujte u projektu \u003Ca href=\"/wiki/Wikipedia:Azijski_mjesec/2024.\" title=\"Wikipedia:Azijski mjesec/2024.\"\u003E\"Azijski mjesec\"\u003C/a\u003E.\u003C/td\u003E\u003C/tr\u003E\u003C/tbody\u003E\u003C/table\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E";}}());</script></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Sajt"> <div 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id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Početak</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Definicija" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Definicija"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Definicija</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Definicija-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Historija" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historija"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Historija</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historija-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Emisije_koje_dovode_do_kiselosti" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Emisije_koje_dovode_do_kiselosti"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Emisije koje dovode do kiselosti</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Emisije_koje_dovode_do_kiselosti-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Uključi/isključi podsekciju Emisije koje dovode do kiselosti</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Emisije_koje_dovode_do_kiselosti-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Prirodni_fenomeni" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prirodni_fenomeni"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Prirodni fenomeni</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Prirodni_fenomeni-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Antropogeni_faktori" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Antropogeni_faktori"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Antropogeni faktori</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Antropogeni_faktori-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hemijski_procesi_nastanka_kiselih_kiša" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hemijski_procesi_nastanka_kiselih_kiša"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Hemijski procesi nastanka kiselih kiša</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Hemijski_procesi_nastanka_kiselih_kiša-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Uključi/isključi podsekciju Hemijski procesi nastanka kiselih kiša</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Hemijski_procesi_nastanka_kiselih_kiša-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Reakcije_u_gasovitoj_fazi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reakcije_u_gasovitoj_fazi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Reakcije u gasovitoj fazi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reakcije_u_gasovitoj_fazi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reakcije_u_vodenoj_fazi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reakcije_u_vodenoj_fazi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Reakcije u vodenoj fazi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reakcije_u_vodenoj_fazi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Štetni_efekti" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Štetni_efekti"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Štetni efekti</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Štetni_efekti-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vanjski_linkovi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vanjski_linkovi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Vanjski linkovi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vanjski_linkovi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reference" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reference"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Reference</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reference-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Sadržaj" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Uključi/isključi sadržaj" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Uključi/isključi sadržaj</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Kisela kiša</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Idi na članak na drugom jeziku. Dostupno na 96 jezika" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-96" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">96 jezika</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suurre%C3%ABn" title="Suurreën – afrikans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Suurreën" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluya_acida" title="Pluya acida – aragonski" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Pluya acida" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B7%D8%B1_%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%B6%D9%8A" title="مطر حمضي – arapski" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مطر حمضي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arapski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A6_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%B7%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A3" title="এচিদ বৰষুণ – asamski" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="এচিদ বৰষুণ" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="asamski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agua_%C3%A1cido" title="Agua ácido – asturijski" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Agua ácido" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tur%C5%9Fu_ya%C4%9F%C4%B1%C5%9F%C4%B1" title="Turşu yağışı – azerbejdžanski" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Turşu yağışı" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbejdžanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%96%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B6" title="Кіслотны дождж – bjeloruski" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Кіслотны дождж" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bjeloruski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%96%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B6" title="Кіслотны дождж – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Кіслотны дождж" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%B4%D1%8A%D0%B6%D0%B4" title="Киселинен дъжд – bugarski" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Киселинен дъжд" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bugarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A1_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%BE" title="एसिड बरखा – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="एसिड बरखा" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%85%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A1_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%83%E0%A6%B7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF" title="অ্যাসিড বৃষ্টি – bengalski" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="অ্যাসিড বৃষ্টি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A6%E0%BE%90%E0%BE%B1%E0%BD%B4%E0%BD%A2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%86%E0%BD%A2%E0%BC%8D" title="སྐྱུར་ཆར། – tibetanski" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="སྐྱུར་ཆར།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="tibetanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluja_%C3%A0cida" title="Pluja àcida – katalonski" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Pluja àcida" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%B4%DB%95%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86" title="ترشەباران – centralnokurdski" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ترشەباران" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="centralnokurdski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kysel%C3%BD_d%C3%A9%C5%A1%C5%A5" title="Kyselý déšť – češki" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Kyselý déšť" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="češki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glaw_asid" title="Glaw asid – velški" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Glaw asid" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="velški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syreregn" title="Syreregn – danski" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Syreregn" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saurer_Regen" title="Saurer Regen – njemački" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Saurer Regen" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="njemački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vart%C4%B1%C5%9Fo_asid%C3%AAn" title="Vartışo asidên – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Vartışo asidên" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="अम्ल बर्षा – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="अम्ल बर्षा" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>डोटेली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%8C%CE%BE%CE%B9%CE%BD%CE%B7_%CE%B2%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%87%CE%AE" title="Όξινη βροχή – grčki" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Όξινη βροχή" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grčki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acid_rain" title="Acid rain – engleski" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Acid rain" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engleski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acida_pluvo" title="Acida pluvo – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Acida pluvo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lluvia_%C3%A1cida" title="Lluvia ácida – španski" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Lluvia ácida" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="španski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Happesademed" title="Happesademed – estonski" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Happesademed" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euri_azido" title="Euri azido – baskijski" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Euri azido" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%AF%DB%8C" title="باران اسیدی – perzijski" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="باران اسیدی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="perzijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Happosade" title="Happosade – finski" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Happosade" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluie_acide" title="Pluie acide – francuski" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Pluie acide" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francuski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A1isteach_aig%C3%A9adach" title="Báisteach aigéadach – irski" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Báisteach aigéadach" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%85%B8%E9%9B%A8" title="酸雨 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="酸雨" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Choiva_%C3%A1cida" title="Choiva ácida – galicijski" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Choiva ácida" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%D7%A9%D7%9D_%D7%97%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%A6%D7%99" title="גשם חומצי – hebrejski" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="גשם חומצי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebrejski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="अम्लीय वर्षा – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="अम्लीय वर्षा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kisele_ki%C5%A1e" title="Kisele kiše – hrvatski" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Kisele kiše" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="hrvatski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lapli_asid" title="Lapli asid – haićanski kreolski" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Lapli asid" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="haićanski kreolski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Savas_es%C5%91" title="Savas eső – mađarski" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Savas eső" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="mađarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B9%D5%A9%D5%BE%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%B1%D6%80%D6%87" title="Թթվային անձրև – armenski" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Թթվային անձրև" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armenski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluvia_acide" title="Pluvia acide – interlingva" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Pluvia acide" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingva" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hujan_asam" title="Hujan asam – indonezijski" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Hujan asam" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonezijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mmiri_ozuzo_acid" title="Mmiri ozuzo acid – igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Mmiri ozuzo acid" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acida_pluvo" title="Acida pluvo – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Acida pluvo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%BArt_regn" title="Súrt regn – islandski" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Súrt regn" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pioggia_acida" title="Pioggia acida – italijanski" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Pioggia acida" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italijanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%85%B8%E6%80%A7%E9%9B%A8" title="酸性雨 – japanski" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="酸性雨" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Udan_asam" title="Udan asam – javanski" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Udan asam" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9F%E1%83%90%E1%83%95%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%AC%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90" title="მჟავური წვიმა – gruzijski" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მჟავური წვიმა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="gruzijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%9A%D1%8B%D1%88%D2%9B%D1%8B%D0%BB_%D0%B6%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%8B%D0%BD-%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%88%D1%8B%D0%BD" title="Қышқыл жауын-шашын – kazaški" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Қышқыл жауын-шашын" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazaški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%86%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B2_%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%B3%E0%B3%86" title="ಆಮ್ಲ ಮಳೆ – kanada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಆಮ್ಲ ಮಳೆ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kanada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%82%B0%EC%84%B1%EB%B9%84" title="산성비 – korejski" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="산성비" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="korejski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BA_%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Кислоттук жаан – kirgiški" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Кислоттук жаан" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgiški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluvia_acida" title="Pluvia acida – latinski" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Pluvia acida" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latinski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pioeuva_acida" title="Pioeuva acida – lombardski" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Pioeuva acida" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="lombardski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C5%ABg%C5%A1tusis_lietus" title="Rūgštusis lietus – litvanski" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Rūgštusis lietus" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litvanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sk%C4%81bais_lietus" title="Skābais lietus – latvijski" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Skābais lietus" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="latvijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hujan_asam" title="Hujan asam – minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Hujan asam" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B4" title="Кисел дожд – makedonski" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Кисел дожд" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%B4" title="അമ്ലമഴ – malajalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="അമ്ലമഴ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malajalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D2%AF%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB%D1%8D%D0%B3_%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BE" title="Хүчиллэг бороо – mongolski" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Хүчиллэг бороо" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongolski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hujan_asid" title="Hujan asid – malajski" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Hujan asid" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%85%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA%E1%80%99%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B8" title="အက်စစ်မိုး – burmanski" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အက်စစ်မိုး" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="burmanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="अम्ल वर्षा – nepalski" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="अम्ल वर्षा" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zure_regen" title="Zure regen – nizozemski" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Zure regen" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nizozemski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sur_nedb%C3%B8r" title="Sur nedbør – norveški (Nynorsk)" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Sur nedbør" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norveški (Nynorsk)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sur_nedb%C3%B8r" title="Sur nedbør – norveški (Bokmal)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Sur nedbør" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norveški (Bokmal)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plueja_acida" title="Plueja acida – oksitanski" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Plueja acida" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="oksitanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%85%E0%AC%AE%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%B3_%E0%AC%AC%E0%AD%83%E0%AC%B7%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%9F%E0%AC%BF" title="ଅମ୍ଳ ବୃଷ୍ଟି – odija" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଅମ୍ଳ ବୃଷ୍ଟି" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="odija" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%A4%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AC%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BE" title="ਤੇਜ਼ਾਬੀ ਵਰਖਾ – pandžapski" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਤੇਜ਼ਾਬੀ ਵਰਖਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="pandžapski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwa%C5%9Bny_deszcz" title="Kwaśny deszcz – poljski" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kwaśny deszcz" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poljski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%DB%90%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%8A_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86" title="تېزابي باران – paštu" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="تېزابي باران" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="paštu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chuva_%C3%A1cida" title="Chuva ácida – portugalski" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Chuva ácida" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ploaie_acid%C4%83" title="Ploaie acidă – rumunski" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Ploaie acidă" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumunski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B4%D1%8C" title="Кислотный дождь – ruski" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Кислотный дождь" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ruski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D" title="आम्लीयवर्षणम् – sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="आम्लीयवर्षणम्" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aba_proja_%C3%A0tzida" title="Aba proja àtzida – sardinijski" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Aba proja àtzida" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="sardinijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kisela_ki%C5%A1a" title="Kisela kiša – srpskohrvatski" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Kisela kiša" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="srpskohrvatski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%85%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%BD_%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%90%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A%E0%B7%83" title="අම්ල වැස්ස – sinhaleški" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="අම්ල වැස්ස" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="sinhaleški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acid_rain" title="Acid rain – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Acid rain" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kysl%C3%BD_d%C3%A1%C5%BE%C4%8F" title="Kyslý dážď – slovački" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Kyslý dážď" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kisli_de%C5%BE" title="Kisli dež – slovenski" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Kisli dež" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovenski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shiu_acidik" title="Shiu acidik – albanski" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Shiu acidik" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%B0" title="Кисела киша – srpski" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Кисела киша" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="srpski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hujan_asam" title="Hujan asam – sundanski" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Hujan asam" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sundanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surt_regn" title="Surt regn – švedski" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Surt regn" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="švedski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mvua_asidia" title="Mvua asidia – svahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Mvua asidia" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="svahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B2_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%B4%E0%AF%88" title="அமில மழை – tamilski" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="அமில மழை" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B2_%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B7%E0%B0%82" title="ఆమ్ల వర్షం – telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ఆమ్ల వర్షం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9D%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%94" title="ฝนกรด – tajlandski" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ฝนกรด" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tajlandski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asit_ya%C4%9Fmuru" title="Asit yağmuru – turski" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Asit yağmuru" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%96_%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8" title="Кислотні опади – ukrajinski" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Кислотні опади" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrajinski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C6%B0a_acid" title="Mưa acid – vijetnamski" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Mưa acid" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vijetnamski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asido_nga_uran" title="Asido nga uran – varej" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Asido nga uran" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="varej" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%85%B8%E9%9B%A8" title="酸雨 – Wu kineski" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="酸雨" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu kineski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%92j%C3%B2_on%C3%ADk%C3%ADkan" title="Òjò oníkíkan – jorubanski" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Òjò oníkíkan" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="jorubanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%85%B8%E9%9B%A8" title="酸雨 – kineski" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="酸雨" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kineski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%85%B8%E9%9B%A8" title="酸雨 – kantonski" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="酸雨" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q40178#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Uredi međujezičke linkove" class="wbc-editpage">Uredi veze</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Imenski prostori"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Kisela_ki%C5%A1a" title="Prikaži stranicu sa sadržajem [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Stranica</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Razgovor:Kisela_ki%C5%A1a" rel="discussion" title="Razgovor o sadržaju [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Razgovor</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Promijeni varijantu jezika" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" 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stranicu [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Uredi</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kisela_ki%C5%A1a&action=edit" title="Uredite izvorni kod ove stranice [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Uredi izvor</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kisela_ki%C5%A1a&action=history" title="Prethodne izmjene ove stranice [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Historija</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Alati" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Alati</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Alati</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">premjesti na bočnu traku</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button 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class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kisela_ki%C5%A1a&action=history"><span>Historija</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Općenito </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:%C5%A0ta_vodi_ovamo/Kisela_ki%C5%A1a" title="Spisak svih članaka koji su povezani s ovim [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Šta vodi ovamo</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:Srodne_izmjene/Kisela_ki%C5%A1a" rel="nofollow" title="Nedavne izmjene na stranicama koje su povezane sa ovom [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Srodne izmjene</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Upload" title="Postavi slike i druge medije [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Postavi datoteku</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:Posebne_stranice" title="Spisak svih posebnih stranica [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Posebne stranice</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kisela_ki%C5%A1a&oldid=3477585" title="Trajni link ove verzije stranice"><span>Trajni link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kisela_ki%C5%A1a&action=info" title="Više informacija o ovoj stranici"><span>Informacije o stranici</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:Citiraj&page=Kisela_ki%C5%A1a&id=3477585&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informacije kako citirati ovu stranicu"><span>Citiraj ovu stranicu</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:Skra%C4%87iva%C4%8D_adresa&url=https%3A%2F%2Fbs.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FKisela_ki%25C5%25A1a"><span>Skraćeni link</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fbs.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FKisela_ki%25C5%25A1a"><span>Preuzmi QR kod</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Štampanje / izvoz </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:Kolekcija&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Kisela+ki%C5%A1a"><span>Napravi knjigu</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:DownloadAsPdf&page=Kisela_ki%C5%A1a&action=show-download-screen"><span>Preuzmi kao PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kisela_ki%C5%A1a&printable=yes" title="Verzija ove stranice za štampanje [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Za štampanje</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div 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class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">S Wikipedije, slobodne enciklopedije</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="bs" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Acid_rain_woods1.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Acid_rain_woods1.JPG/220px-Acid_rain_woods1.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Acid_rain_woods1.JPG/330px-Acid_rain_woods1.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Acid_rain_woods1.JPG/440px-Acid_rain_woods1.JPG 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="720" /></a><figcaption>Posljedice kiselih kiša</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Kisela kiša</b> je <a href="/wiki/Ki%C5%A1a" title="Kiša">kiša</a> ili druga <a href="/wiki/Padavina" title="Padavina">padavina</a> koja ima neuobičajenu <a href="/wiki/Kiselina" class="mw-redirect" title="Kiselina">kiselost</a>. Djeluje štetno na <a href="/wiki/Biljke" title="Biljke">biljni</a> i <a href="/wiki/%C5%BDivotinje" title="Životinje">životinjski</a> svijet, kao i na građevinske objekte. Rastvorene kiseline dospijevaju u <a href="/wiki/Tlo" title="Tlo">tlo</a> i ispiraju ione <a href="/wiki/Kalcij" title="Kalcij">kalcija</a> i <a href="/wiki/Magnezij" title="Magnezij">magnezija</a>, koji su neophodni za vegetaciju. Korozivno djelovanje kiselina oštećuje <a href="/wiki/Metal_(hemija)" class="mw-redirect" title="Metal (hemija)">metalne</a> objekte, kao što su <a href="/wiki/%C5%A0ine" title="Šine">šine</a>, vozila, mašine, itd. Građevinski materijali, posebno <a href="/wiki/Kre%C4%8Dnjak" title="Krečnjak">krečnjak</a> i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mermer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mermer (stranica ne postoji)">mermer</a> su osjetljivi na utjecaj kiselih kiša, jer se njihova komponenta <a href="/wiki/Kalcij-karbonat" title="Kalcij-karbonat">kalcij-karbonat</a> <a href="/wiki/Rastvorljivost" title="Rastvorljivost">rastvara</a> u kiselinama. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Definicija">Definicija</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kisela_ki%C5%A1a&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Uredi odlomak "Definicija"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kisela_ki%C5%A1a&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Definicija"><span>uredi izvor</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Termin <i>kisela kiša</i> se može odnositi na kišu, <a href="/wiki/Snijeg" title="Snijeg">snijeg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Magla" title="Magla">maglu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rosa" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Rosa">rosu</a>, te je prikladniji izraz kisela padavina.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Destilovana <a href="/wiki/Voda" title="Voda">voda</a> koja ne sadrži <a href="/wiki/Ugljik_dioksid" class="mw-redirect" title="Ugljik dioksid">ugljik dioksid</a> ima <a href="/wiki/PH" title="PH">pH</a> vrijednost 7,0. <a href="/wiki/Te%C4%8Dnost" title="Tečnost">Tečnosti</a> čija je vrijednost pH manja od 7 su kisele, a one čija je vrijednost viša od 7 su bazične. Čista i nezagađena kiša obično ima pH oko 5,6, uslijed stvaranja <a href="/wiki/Uglji%C4%8Dna_kiselina" title="Ugljična kiselina">ugljične kiseline</a> zbog rastvorenog ugljik dioksida: </p> <dl><dd>H<sub>2</sub>O (l) + CO<sub>2</sub> (g) → H<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub> (aq)</dd></dl> <p>Ugljična kiselina se ionizira u vodenom rastvoru dajući nisku koncentraciju <a href="/wiki/Hidronium_ion" class="mw-redirect" title="Hidronium ion">hidronium iona</a>: </p> <dl><dd>2H<sub>2</sub>O (l) + H<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub> (aq) → CO<sub>3</sub><sup>2-</sup> (aq) + 2H<sub>3</sub>O<sup>+</sup>(aq)</dd></dl> <p>Dodatna kiselost potiče od zagađivača <a href="/wiki/Zrak" title="Zrak">zraka</a>, najprije <a href="/wiki/Sumpor-dioksid" title="Sumpor-dioksid">sumpor-dioksida</a>, a zatim <a href="/wiki/Du%C5%A1ikovi_oksidi" title="Dušikovi oksidi">dušikovih oksida</a>. Sumpor dioksid ima veliki utjecaj na kiselost zbog dobre <a href="/wiki/Rastvorljivost" title="Rastvorljivost">rastvorljivosti</a> u vodi i zbog veće konstante kiselosti sulfitne kiseline, koja je za četiri reda veličine veća u odnosu na ugljičnu kiselinu. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historija">Historija</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kisela_ki%C5%A1a&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Uredi odlomak "Historija"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kisela_ki%C5%A1a&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Historija"><span>uredi izvor</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kisela kiša je najprije otkrivena u <a href="/wiki/Manchester" title="Manchester">Manchesteru</a> u <a href="/wiki/Engleska" title="Engleska">Engleskoj</a> <a href="/wiki/1852" class="mw-redirect" title="1852">1852</a>, kada je <a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Angus_Smith&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert Angus Smith (stranica ne postoji)">Robert Angus Smith</a> našao vezu između kisele kiše i zagađenja zraka.<sup id="cite_ref-Seinfeld_1998_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Seinfeld_1998-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Iako je još tada bio poznat taj fenomen, počeo se intenzivnije izučavati tek <a href="/wiki/1990te" class="mw-redirect" title="1990te">1990-tih</a>. Upotreba visokih dimnjaka je doprinijela nastanku kiselih kiša, zbog ispuštanja gasova u atmosferska strujanja. Kisela kiša čiji je pH bio 2,1 (ekvivalentno kiselosti soka od limuna) je zabilježena <a href="/wiki/1964." title="1964.">1964.</a> na sjeveroistoku <a href="/wiki/SAD" class="mw-redirect" title="SAD">SAD</a>, a kisela kiša sa pH 2,4 padala je u <a href="/wiki/%C5%A0kotska" title="Škotska">Škotskoj</a> (Pitlochry) <a href="/wiki/1974" class="mw-redirect" title="1974">1974</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Emisije_koje_dovode_do_kiselosti">Emisije koje dovode do kiselosti</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kisela_ki%C5%A1a&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Uredi odlomak "Emisije koje dovode do kiselosti"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kisela_ki%C5%A1a&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Emisije koje dovode do kiselosti"><span>uredi izvor</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Prirodni_fenomeni">Prirodni fenomeni</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kisela_ki%C5%A1a&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Uredi odlomak "Prirodni fenomeni"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kisela_ki%C5%A1a&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Prirodni fenomeni"><span>uredi izvor</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Volcanic_injection.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Volcanic_injection.svg/220px-Volcanic_injection.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Volcanic_injection.svg/330px-Volcanic_injection.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Volcanic_injection.svg/440px-Volcanic_injection.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="920" /></a><figcaption>Emisija sumpor dioksida vulkanskom aktivnošću</figcaption></figure> <p>Najvažniji prirodni fenomen koji dovodi do emisije gasova čiji <a href="/wiki/Rastvor" title="Rastvor">rastvori</a> daju kiseline su <a href="/wiki/Vulkan" title="Vulkan">vulkani</a>, a zatim i biološki procesi na zemlji i u <a href="/wiki/Okean" title="Okean">okeanima</a>. Glavni biološki izvor sumpora je <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dimetil_sulfid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dimetil sulfid (stranica ne postoji)">dimetil sulfid</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Antropogeni_faktori">Antropogeni faktori</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kisela_ki%C5%A1a&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Uredi odlomak "Antropogeni faktori"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kisela_ki%C5%A1a&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Antropogeni faktori"><span>uredi izvor</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Glavni uzročnik nastanka kiselih kiša koji potiče od ljudske aktivnosti su sumporovi i dušikovi spojevi koji se koriste za proizvodnju <a href="/wiki/Elektri%C4%8Dna_energija" title="Električna energija">električne energije</a>, fabrike i motorna vozila. Najveći zagađivači su fabrike koje koriste <a href="/wiki/Ugalj" title="Ugalj">ugalj</a>. Komponente nastale sagorijevanjem mogu biti nošene stotinama kilometara u <a href="/wiki/Atmosfera" class="mw-redirect" title="Atmosfera">atmosferi</a> i zatim se pojave kao kisele kiše. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Hemijski_procesi_nastanka_kiselih_kiša"><span id="Hemijski_procesi_nastanka_kiselih_ki.C5.A1a"></span>Hemijski procesi nastanka kiselih kiša</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kisela_ki%C5%A1a&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Uredi odlomak "Hemijski procesi nastanka kiselih kiša"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kisela_ki%C5%A1a&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Hemijski procesi nastanka kiselih kiša"><span>uredi izvor</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Reakcije_u_gasovitoj_fazi">Reakcije u gasovitoj fazi</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kisela_ki%C5%A1a&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Uredi odlomak "Reakcije u gasovitoj fazi"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kisela_ki%C5%A1a&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Reakcije u gasovitoj fazi"><span>uredi izvor</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>U gasovitoj fazi <a href="/wiki/Sumpor-dioksid" title="Sumpor-dioksid">sumpor-dioksid</a> se oksidira pomoću <a href="/wiki/Hidroksil_radikal" title="Hidroksil radikal">hidroksil radikala</a> po reakciji:<sup id="cite_ref-Seinfeld_1998_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Seinfeld_1998-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dd>SO<sub>2</sub> + OH• → HOSO<sub>2</sub>•</dd></dl> <p>Zatim se dešava sljedeća reakcija: </p> <dl><dd>HOSO<sub>2</sub>• + O<sub>2</sub> → HO<sub>2</sub>• + SO<sub>3</sub></dd></dl> <p>U prisustvu vode <a href="/wiki/Sumpor-trioksid" title="Sumpor-trioksid">sumpor-trioksid</a> (SO<sub>3</sub>) daje <a href="/wiki/Sumporna_kiselina" title="Sumporna kiselina">sumpornu kiselinu</a>: </p> <dl><dd>SO<sub>3</sub>(g) + H<sub>2</sub>O(l) → H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>(l)</dd></dl> <p><a href="/wiki/Du%C5%A1i%C4%8Dna_kiselina" title="Dušična kiselina">Dušična kiselina</a> nastaje od <a href="/wiki/Du%C5%A1ik-dioksid" title="Dušik-dioksid">dušik-dioksida</a>: </p> <dl><dd>NO<sub>2</sub> + OH• → HNO<sub>3</sub></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Reakcije_u_vodenoj_fazi">Reakcije u vodenoj fazi</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kisela_ki%C5%A1a&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Uredi odlomak "Reakcije u vodenoj fazi"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kisela_ki%C5%A1a&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Reakcije u vodenoj fazi"><span>uredi izvor</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>U kapljicama vode u oblacima se dešava proces <a href="/wiki/Rastvorljivost" title="Rastvorljivost">rastvaranja</a> i <a href="/wiki/Hidroliza" title="Hidroliza">hidrolize</a> sumpor-dioksida: </p> <dl><dd>SO<sub>2</sub> (g)+ H<sub>2</sub>O → SO<sub>2</sub>•H<sub>2</sub>O</dd> <dd>SO<sub>2</sub>•H<sub>2</sub>O → H<sup>+</sup>+HSO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup></dd> <dd>HSO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> → H<sup>+</sup>+SO<sub>3</sub><sup>2-</sup></dd></dl> <p>Moguća je i oksidacija <a href="/wiki/Sumpor" title="Sumpor">sumpora</a> iz <a href="/wiki/Oksidacijsko_stanje" title="Oksidacijsko stanje">oksidacijskog stanja</a> (+4) u (+6), čime nastaje sumporna kiselina. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Štetni_efekti"><span id=".C5.A0tetni_efekti"></span>Štetni efekti</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kisela_ki%C5%A1a&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Uredi odlomak "Štetni efekti"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kisela_ki%C5%A1a&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Štetni efekti"><span>uredi izvor</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Pollution_-_Damaged_by_acid_rain.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Pollution_-_Damaged_by_acid_rain.jpg/220px-Pollution_-_Damaged_by_acid_rain.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Pollution_-_Damaged_by_acid_rain.jpg/330px-Pollution_-_Damaged_by_acid_rain.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Pollution_-_Damaged_by_acid_rain.jpg/440px-Pollution_-_Damaged_by_acid_rain.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2048" /></a><figcaption>Oštećenje spomenika uzrokovano kiselim kišama</figcaption></figure> <p>U tlu kiseline započinju svoje štetno djelovanje. Kisela kiša prije svega štetno djeluje na oskudne brdske predjele, jer kiselina otapa hranjive materije, kao npr. <a href="/wiki/Kalcij" title="Kalcij">kalcij</a>, iz tankog sloja <a href="/w/index.php?title=Humus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Humus (stranica ne postoji)">humusa</a>, pa stabla ostaju bez kalcija koji im je potreban za izgradnju njihovih ćelija. Kiseline direktno oštećuju korijenje stabala ili vodom dospijevaju u lišće ili iglice drveća, te oštećuju njihova tkiva. Posljedica su mrlje smeđkaste boje. Također otapaju <a href="/wiki/Te%C5%A1ki_metal" title="Teški metal">teške metale</a> i <a href="/wiki/Aluminij" title="Aluminij">aluminij</a> u tlu. Kisele kiše oštećuju građevinske materijale. Tako na primjer <a href="/wiki/Kre%C4%8Dnjak" title="Krečnjak">krečnjak</a> reaguje sa sumpornom kiselinom dajući <a href="/wiki/Gips" title="Gips">gips</a>, koji se drobi. Na taj način se mnogobrojni kulturni spomenici nepovratno uništavaju. Smanjenje pH štetno utječe na život u površinskim vodama (na <a href="/wiki/Ribe" title="Ribe">ribe</a> i ostale vodene organizme), smanjujući biodiverzitet. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vanjski_linkovi">Vanjski linkovi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kisela_ki%C5%A1a&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Uredi odlomak "Vanjski linkovi"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kisela_ki%C5%A1a&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Vanjski linkovi"><span>uredi izvor</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r3627399">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:#f9f9f9;display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><div class="side-box metadata side-box-right"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r3486241">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><figure class="mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Commons logo"><img alt="Commons logo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/60px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a><figcaption>Commons logo</figcaption></figure></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Po%C4%8Detna_strana" class="extiw" title="commons:Početna strana">Commons</a> ima datoteke na temu: <b><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Air_pollution?uselang=bs">Kisela kiša </a></span></b></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080405082909/http://pubs.acs.org/subscribe/journals/esthag/40/i02/html/011506feature_larssen.html">Kisele kiše u Kini</a> <span class="languageicon" style="cursor:help; color:#606060; font-size:0.7em; font-weight:bold; vertical-align:middle;" title="engleski jezik">(en)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.epa.gov/acidrain/effects/surface_water.html">EPA - efekti kiselih kiša</a> <span class="languageicon" style="cursor:help; color:#606060; font-size:0.7em; font-weight:bold; vertical-align:middle;" title="engleski jezik">(en)</span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reference">Reference</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kisela_ki%C5%A1a&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Uredi odlomak "Reference"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kisela_ki%C5%A1a&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: Reference"><span>uredi izvor</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r3312388">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">S. E. Manahan: Environmental chemistry, 2000, CRC Press <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Knji%C5%BEni_izvori/1-56670-492-8" title="Posebno:Knjižni izvori/1-56670-492-8">1-56670-492-8</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Seinfeld_1998-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Seinfeld_1998_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Seinfeld_1998_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Seinfeld, John H.; Pandis, Spyros N (1998). Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics - From Air Pollution to Climate Change. John Wiley and Sons, Inc. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Knji%C5%BEni_izvori/0-471-17816-0" title="Posebno:Knjižni izvori/0-471-17816-0">0-471-17816-0</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Brady, J.E., Holum, J.R.,Chemistry, John Wiley & Sons, 1993 <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Knji%C5%BEni_izvori/0-471-59979-4" title="Posebno:Knjižni izvori/0-471-59979-4">0-471-59979-4</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div></div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Preuzeto iz "<a dir="ltr" href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kisela_kiša&oldid=3477585">https://bs.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kisela_kiša&oldid=3477585</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:Kategorije" title="Posebno:Kategorije">Kategorije</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Hemija_okoline" title="Kategorija:Hemija okoline">Hemija okoline</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Ekologija" title="Kategorija:Ekologija">Ekologija</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Ova stranica je posljednji put izmijenjena na datum 12 januar 2023 u 21:20.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Tekst je dostupan pod <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">slobodnom licencom Autorstvo-Dijeliti pod istim uvjetima</a>; mogu se primijeniti i dodatni uvjeti. 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