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Campylobacter - Public Health
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Understanding its impact, transmission, and prevention is crucial for public health professionals and the general populace.</div><div><h3>What is Campylobacter?</h3>Campylobacter is a genus of bacteria that causes <a href="https://public-health.blog/about/index/foodborne-illness" title="foodborne illness" target="_blank">foodborne illness</a> known as campylobacteriosis. The most common species associated with human disease is Campylobacter jejuni, although other species like Campylobacter coli can also cause infection. This bacterium is spiral-shaped and thrives in low-oxygen environments, commonly found in the intestines of birds and other animals.</div><div><h3>How is Campylobacter Transmitted?</h3>The primary mode of transmission is through the consumption of contaminated food and water. Undercooked poultry, unpasteurized milk, and untreated water are common sources. Cross-contamination in kitchens, especially when handling raw poultry, can also lead to infections. Direct contact with infected animals or their feces is another route of transmission.</div><div><h3>What are the Symptoms of Campylobacter Infection?</h3>Symptoms typically appear within two to five days after exposure and include diarrhea (often bloody), abdominal pain, fever, nausea, and vomiting. The illness usually lasts about a week, but in some cases, it can lead to serious complications such as <a href="https://public-health.blog/about/index/guillain-barr%C3%A9-syndrome" title="Guillain-Barr茅 syndrome" target="_blank">Guillain-Barr茅 syndrome</a>, reactive arthritis, or irritable bowel syndrome.</div><div><h3>How is Campylobacter Diagnosed?</h3>Diagnosis is primarily based on stool cultures, which help identify the presence of Campylobacter bacteria. Molecular techniques such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) can also be used for quicker and more accurate detection. Early and accurate diagnosis is essential for managing symptoms and preventing the spread of infection.</div><div><a href="https://public-health.blog/knowledgebase/what-are-the-treatment-options" title="What are the Treatment Options?"><h3>What are the Treatment Options?</h3></a>Most infections are self-limiting and do not require specific treatment beyond supportive care such as hydration and electrolyte replacement. Antibiotics may be prescribed in severe cases or for individuals with weakened immune systems. However, increasing <a href="https://public-health.blog/about/index/antibiotic-resistance" title="antibiotic resistance" target="_blank">antibiotic resistance</a> is a growing concern, necessitating careful use of these medications.</div><div><h3>What are the Public Health Implications?</h3>Campylobacteriosis is a significant burden on public health systems due to its prevalence and potential for severe complications. It is a notifiable disease in many countries, meaning cases must be reported to health authorities. Monitoring and surveillance are essential for tracking outbreaks and implementing control measures.</div><div><h3>How Can Campylobacter Infections Be Prevented?</h3>Prevention strategies focus on reducing exposure to the bacteria. Key measures include:</div><div> Thoroughly cooking poultry and meat.<br> Practicing good <a href="https://public-health.blog/about/index/food-safety" title="food safety" target="_blank">food safety</a> and hygiene, such as washing hands and surfaces after handling raw meat.<br> Ensuring that milk is pasteurized and water is treated.<br> Avoiding cross-contamination in kitchens.<br> Implementing strict biosecurity measures in poultry farms to reduce contamination.</div><div><h3>What Role Do Public Health Agencies Play?</h3>Public health agencies are pivotal in managing Campylobacter outbreaks. They conduct surveillance, research, and public education campaigns to inform the public about risks and prevention strategies. These agencies also develop guidelines and regulations to reduce contamination in the food production chain.</div><div><h3>What is the Future Outlook?</h3>Advancements in technology and increased awareness are aiding in the fight against Campylobacter. However, challenges remain, particularly with <a href="https://public-health.blog/about/index/climate-change" title="climate change" target="_blank">climate change</a> affecting the spread and incidence of foodborne pathogens. Continued research and innovation in diagnostics, treatment, and prevention strategies are essential to reduce the public health impact of Campylobacter.</div><div>In conclusion, Campylobacter remains a major public health challenge. Through concerted efforts in surveillance, prevention, and education, it is possible to mitigate its impact and protect public health.<br></div></div> </div> <div id="recent_papers"> <br><hr /><br><h2 class="heading1">Relevant Publications</h2> <div class='publication-block'> <div style='margin-bottom: 10px;line-height: 24px;'> <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39235738" target='_blank' title="Integrating MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry with Machine Learning Techniques for Rapid Antimicrobial Resistance Screening of Foodborne Bacterial Pathogens.">Integrating MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry with Machine Learning Techniques for Rapid Antimicrobial Resistance Screening of Foodborne Bacterial Pathogens.</a> </div> <p><strong>Issue Release:</strong> 2025</p> </div> <div class='publication-block'> <div style='margin-bottom: 10px;line-height: 24px;'> <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38945250" target='_blank' title="D-aspartate, an amino-acid important for human health, supports anaerobic respiration in several Campylobacter species.">D-aspartate, an amino-acid important for human health, supports anaerobic respiration in several Campylobacter species.</a> </div> <p><strong>Issue Release:</strong> 2024</p> </div> <div class='publication-block'> <div style='margin-bottom: 10px;line-height: 24px;'> <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38945857" target='_blank' title="A Case of Food Poisoning Caused by Campylobacter jejuni due to Ingestion of Undercooked Chicken Meal with Subsequent Development of Guillain-Barr茅 Syndrome.">A Case of Food Poisoning Caused by Campylobacter jejuni due to Ingestion of Undercooked Chicken Meal with Subsequent Development of Guillain-Barr茅 Syndrome.</a> </div> <p><strong>Issue Release:</strong> 2024</p> </div> <div class='publication-block'> <div style='margin-bottom: 10px;line-height: 24px;'> <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38953557" target='_blank' title="Laboratory analysis to differentiate Campylobacter enteritis from acute appendicitis.">Laboratory analysis to differentiate Campylobacter enteritis from acute appendicitis.</a> </div> <p><strong>Issue Release:</strong> 2024</p> </div> <div class='publication-block'> <div style='margin-bottom: 10px;line-height: 24px;'> <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38764088" target='_blank' title="Monitoring of enteropathogenic Gram-negative bacteria in wastewater treatment plants: a multimethod approach.">Monitoring of enteropathogenic Gram-negative bacteria in wastewater treatment plants: a multimethod approach.</a> </div> <p><strong>Issue Release:</strong> 2024</p> </div> <div class='publication-block'> <div style='margin-bottom: 10px;line-height: 24px;'> <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38908779" target='_blank' title="Potential role of peste des petits ruminants virus in small ruminant abortions.">Potential role of peste des petits ruminants virus in small ruminant abortions.</a> </div> <p><strong>Issue Release:</strong> 2024</p> </div> <div class='publication-block'> <div style='margin-bottom: 10px;line-height: 24px;'> <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38942248" target='_blank' title="Phenotypic, Genotypic and Proteomic Variations between Poor and Robust Colonizing Campylobacter jejuni strains.">Phenotypic, Genotypic and Proteomic Variations between Poor and Robust Colonizing Campylobacter jejuni strains.</a> </div> <p><strong>Issue Release:</strong> 2024</p> </div> <div class='publication-block'> <div style='margin-bottom: 10px;line-height: 24px;'> <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38959220" target='_blank' title="Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli infection, determinants and antimicrobial resistance patterns among under-five children with diarrhea in Amhara National Regional State, Northwest Ethiopia.">Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli infection, determinants and antimicrobial resistance patterns among under-five children with diarrhea in Amhara National Regional State, Northwest Ethiopia.</a> </div> <p><strong>Issue Release:</strong> 2024</p> </div> <div class='publication-block'> <div style='margin-bottom: 10px;line-height: 24px;'> <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39102962" target='_blank' title="Risk-based critical concentrations of enteric pathogens for recreational water criteria and recommended minimum sample volumes for routine water monitoring.">Risk-based critical concentrations of enteric pathogens for recreational water criteria and recommended minimum sample volumes for routine water monitoring.</a> </div> <p><strong>Issue Release:</strong> 2024</p> </div> <div class='publication-block'> <div style='margin-bottom: 10px;line-height: 24px;'> <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38648812" target='_blank' title="Estimated global and regional causes of deaths from diarrhoea in children younger than 5 years during 2000-21: a systematic review and Bayesian multinomial analysis.">Estimated global and regional causes of deaths from diarrhoea in children younger than 5 years during 2000-21: a systematic review and Bayesian multinomial analysis.</a> </div> <p><strong>Issue Release:</strong> 2024</p> </div> <div class='publication-block'> <div style='margin-bottom: 10px;line-height: 24px;'> <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38649444" target='_blank' title="Combined application of bacteriophages with a competitive exclusion culture and carvacrol with organic acids can reduce Campylobacter in primary broiler production.">Combined application of bacteriophages with a competitive exclusion culture and carvacrol with organic acids can reduce Campylobacter in primary broiler production.</a> </div> <p><strong>Issue Release:</strong> 2024</p> </div> <div class='publication-block'> <div style='margin-bottom: 10px;line-height: 24px;'> <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38652947" target='_blank' title="Increase in temperature facilitates Campylobacter jejuni biofilm formation under both aerobic and microaerobic incubation.">Increase in temperature facilitates Campylobacter jejuni biofilm formation under both aerobic and microaerobic incubation.</a> </div> <p><strong>Issue Release:</strong> 2024</p> </div> <div class='publication-block'> <div style='margin-bottom: 10px;line-height: 24px;'> <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38688964" target='_blank' title="Degradation of edible mushroom waste by Hermetia illucens L. and consequent adaptation of its gut microbiota.">Degradation of edible mushroom waste by Hermetia illucens L. and consequent adaptation of its gut microbiota.</a> </div> <p><strong>Issue Release:</strong> 2024</p> </div> <div class='publication-block'> <div style='margin-bottom: 10px;line-height: 24px;'> <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38814337" target='_blank' title="Loggerhead Sea Turtles as Hosts of Diverse Bacterial and Fungal Communities.">Loggerhead Sea Turtles as Hosts of Diverse Bacterial and Fungal Communities.</a> </div> <p><strong>Issue Release:</strong> 2024</p> </div> <div class='publication-block'> <div style='margin-bottom: 10px;line-height: 24px;'> <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38815809" target='_blank' title="Short variable regions flaA gene (SVR-flaA) diversity and virulence profile of multidrug resistant Campylobacter from poultry and poultry meat in India.">Short variable regions flaA gene (SVR-flaA) diversity and virulence profile of multidrug resistant Campylobacter from poultry and poultry meat in India.</a> </div> <p><strong>Issue Release:</strong> 2024</p> </div> <div class='publication-block'> <div style='margin-bottom: 10px;line-height: 24px;'> <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38810321" target='_blank' title="Structural and biochemical analysis of the unique interactions of the Campylobacter jejuni CorA channel protein with divalent cations.">Structural and biochemical analysis of the unique interactions of the Campylobacter jejuni CorA channel protein with divalent cations.</a> </div> 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or across the domains of Escherichia, Listeria, Salmonella, Campylobacter, and Staphylococcus.</a> </div> <p><strong>Issue Release:</strong> 2024</p> </div> <div class='publication-block'> <div style='margin-bottom: 10px;line-height: 24px;'> <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38706320" target='_blank' title="Assessing computational predictions of antimicrobial resistance phenotypes from microbial genomes.">Assessing computational predictions of antimicrobial resistance phenotypes from microbial genomes.</a> </div> <p><strong>Issue Release:</strong> 2024</p> </div> <div class='publication-block'> <div style='margin-bottom: 10px;line-height: 24px;'> <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38739632" target='_blank' title="Influence of hydrometeorological risk factors on child diarrhea and enteropathogens in rural Bangladesh.">Influence of hydrometeorological risk factors on child diarrhea and enteropathogens in rural Bangladesh.</a> </div> <p><strong>Issue Release:</strong> 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