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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Illustration</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Illustration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_mountaineering" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_mountaineering"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>In mountaineering</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_mountaineering-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Parent_peak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Parent_peak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Parent peak</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Parent_peak-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Parent peak subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Parent_peak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Encirclement_or_island_parentage" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Encirclement_or_island_parentage"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Encirclement or island parentage</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Encirclement_or_island_parentage-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Prominence_parentage" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prominence_parentage"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Prominence parentage</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Prominence_parentage-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Line_parentage" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Line_parentage"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Line parentage</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Line_parentage-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Issues_in_choice_of_summit_and_key_col" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Issues_in_choice_of_summit_and_key_col"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Issues in choice of summit and key col</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Issues_in_choice_of_summit_and_key_col-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Examples" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Examples"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Examples</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Examples-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Calculations_and_mathematics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Calculations_and_mathematics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Calculations and mathematics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Calculations_and_mathematics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Wet_prominence_and_dry_prominence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Wet_prominence_and_dry_prominence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Wet prominence and dry prominence</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Wet_prominence_and_dry_prominence-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Wet prominence and dry prominence subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Wet_prominence_and_dry_prominence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-List_of_most_prominent_summits_on_Earth_by_'dry'_prominence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#List_of_most_prominent_summits_on_Earth_by_'dry'_prominence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>List of most prominent summits on Earth by 'dry' prominence</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-List_of_most_prominent_summits_on_Earth_by_'dry'_prominence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Topographic prominence</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 48 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-48" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">48 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topografiese_prominensie" title="Topografiese prominensie – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Topografiese prominensie" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schartenh%C3%B6he" title="Schartenhöhe – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Schartenhöhe" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B2%D1%8B%D1%88%D1%8B%D0%BD%D1%8F" title="Адносная вышыня – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Адносная вышыня" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B2%D1%8B%D1%88%D1%8B%D0%BD%D1%8F" title="Адносная вышыня – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Адносная вышыня" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B8" title="टोपोग्राफिक प्रॉमिनेंस – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="टोपोग्राफिक प्रॉमिनेंस" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Относителна надморска височина – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Относителна надморска височина" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Promin%C3%A8ncia" title="Prominència – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Prominència" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prominence" title="Prominence – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Prominence" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prim%C3%A6rfaktor" title="Primærfaktor – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Primærfaktor" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schartenh%C3%B6he" title="Schartenhöhe – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Schartenhöhe" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topograafiline_prominentsus" title="Topograafiline prominentsus – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Topograafiline prominentsus" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prominencia" title="Prominencia – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Prominencia" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elstareco_(geografio)" title="Elstareco (geografio) – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Elstareco (geografio)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AC%D8%B3%D8%AA%DA%AF%DB%8C_%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%BE%D9%88%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81%DB%8C" title="برجستگی توپوگرافی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="برجستگی توپوگرافی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pro%C3%A9minence" title="Proéminence – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Proéminence" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prominencia" title="Prominencia – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Prominencia" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8F%8C%EC%B6%9C%EB%86%92%EC%9D%B4" title="돌출높이 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="돌출높이" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE" title="स्थलाकृतिक उदग्रता – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="स्थलाकृतिक उदग्रता" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relativna_visina" title="Relativna visina – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Relativna visina" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topograpiko_a_kalatak" title="Topograpiko a kalatak – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Topograpiko a kalatak" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puncak_topografi" title="Puncak topografi – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Puncak topografi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prominenza_topografica" title="Prominenza topografica – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Prominenza topografica" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%90%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%98%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%92%D7%A8%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%AA" title="נישאות טופוגרפית – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="נישאות טופוגרפית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relat%C3%ADv_magass%C3%A1g" title="Relatív magasság – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Relatív magasság" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82" title="Топографска истакнатост – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Топографска истакнатост" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topografische_prominentie" title="Topografische prominentie – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Topografische prominentie" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE" title="स्थलाकृतिक प्रमुखता – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="स्थलाकृतिक प्रमुखता" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%97%E3%83%AD%E3%83%9F%E3%83%8D%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B9_(%E5%9C%B0%E8%AA%8C%E5%AD%A6)" title="プロミネンス (地誌学) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="プロミネンス (地誌学)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prominens_(Geografii)" title="Prominens (Geografii) – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Prominens (Geografii)" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prim%C3%A6rfaktor" title="Primærfaktor – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Primærfaktor" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skardh%C3%B8gd" title="Skardhøgd – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Skardhøgd" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minimalna_deniwelacja_wzgl%C4%99dna" title="Minimalna deniwelacja względna – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Minimalna deniwelacja względna" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proemin%C3%AAncia_topogr%C3%A1fica" title="Proeminência topográfica – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Proeminência topográfica" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B2%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8B" title="Относительная высота вершины – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Относительная высота вершины" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topographic_prominence" title="Topographic prominence – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Topographic prominence" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relat%C3%ADvna_v%C3%BD%C5%A1ka_vrcholu" title="Relatívna výška vrcholu – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Relatívna výška vrcholu" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link 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dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Vertical measurement of the independence of a summit</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Prominence" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Prominence_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Prominence (disambiguation)">Prominence (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Topographic_isolation_and_prominence.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Topographic_isolation_and_prominence.svg/400px-Topographic_isolation_and_prominence.svg.png" decoding="async" width="400" height="206" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Topographic_isolation_and_prominence.svg/600px-Topographic_isolation_and_prominence.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Topographic_isolation_and_prominence.svg/800px-Topographic_isolation_and_prominence.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1070" data-file-height="550" /></a><figcaption>Contrast between topographic isolation and prominence</figcaption></figure> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Topography" title="Topography">topography</a>, <b>prominence</b> or <b>relative height</b> (also referred to as <b>autonomous height</b>, and <b>shoulder drop</b> in US English, and <b>drop</b> in British English) measures the height of a mountain or hill's summit relative to the lowest <a href="/wiki/Contour_line" title="Contour line">contour line</a> encircling it but containing no higher summit within it. It is a measure of the independence of a <a href="/wiki/Summit" title="Summit">summit</a>. The key <a href="/wiki/Col" title="Col">col</a> ("saddle") around the peak is a unique point on this contour line and the <i>parent peak</i> is some higher mountain, selected according to various criteria. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Definitions">Definitions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Topographic_prominence&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Definitions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Prominence_definition.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Prominence_definition.svg/250px-Prominence_definition.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Prominence_definition.svg/375px-Prominence_definition.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Prominence_definition.svg/500px-Prominence_definition.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="256" /></a><figcaption>Figure 1. Vertical arrows show the topographic prominence of three peaks on an island. The dashed horizontal lines show the lowest contours that do not encircle higher peaks. Curved arrows point from a peak to its parent.</figcaption></figure> <p>The prominence of a peak is the least drop in height necessary in order to get from the summit to any higher terrain. This can be calculated for a given peak in the following manner: for every path connecting the peak to higher terrain, find the lowest point on the path; the <i>key <a href="/wiki/Col" title="Col">col</a></i> (or <i>highest <a href="/wiki/Saddle_(landform)" title="Saddle (landform)">saddle</a></i>, or <i>linking col</i>, or <i>link</i>) is defined as the highest of these points, along all connecting paths; the prominence is the difference between the elevation of the peak and the elevation of its key col. On a given landmass, the highest peak's prominence will be identical to its elevation.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An alternative equivalent definition is that the prominence is the height of the peak's summit above the lowest <a href="/wiki/Contour_line" title="Contour line">contour line</a> encircling it, but containing no higher summit within it; see Figure 1. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Illustration">Illustration</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Topographic_prominence&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Illustration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Topographic_prominence.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Topographic_prominence.png/280px-Topographic_prominence.png" decoding="async" width="280" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Topographic_prominence.png/420px-Topographic_prominence.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/26/Topographic_prominence.png 2x" data-file-width="533" data-file-height="357" /></a><figcaption>Topographic prominence of three peaks located in <a href="/wiki/Maine" title="Maine">Maine</a>, US, all near the higher <a href="/wiki/Great_Pond_Mountain" title="Great Pond Mountain">Great Pond Mountain</a>. Red triangles mark the four peaks, the lowest contour line encircling each of the three lower peaks are shown in black and the green dots mark the key cols that mark the starting point of prominence. The prominences are Atkins Hill: 430 − 310 = 120 ft, Cave Hill: 570 − 530 = 40 ft, Mead Mountain: 671 − 530 = 141 ft. The parent peak of each peak is Great Pond Mountain.</figcaption></figure> <p>The parent peak may be either close or far from the subject peak. The summit of <a href="/wiki/Mount_Everest" title="Mount Everest">Mount Everest</a> is the parent peak of <a href="/wiki/Aconcagua" title="Aconcagua">Aconcagua</a> in Argentina at a distance of 17,755 km (11,032 miles), as well as the parent of the <a href="/wiki/South_Summit_(Mount_Everest)" class="mw-redirect" title="South Summit (Mount Everest)">South Summit of Mount Everest</a> at a distance of 360 m (1200 feet). The key col may also be close to the subject peak or far from it. The key col for Aconcagua, if sea level is disregarded, is the <a href="/wiki/Bering_Strait" title="Bering Strait">Bering Strait</a> at a distance of 13,655 km (8,485 miles). The key col for the South Summit of Mount Everest is about 100 m (330 feet) distant. </p><p>A way to visualize prominence is to imagine raising sea level so the parent peak and subject peak are two separate islands. Then lower it until a tiny land bridge forms between the two islands. This land bridge is the key col of the subject peak, and the peak's prominence is its elevation from that key col. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_mountaineering">In mountaineering</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Topographic_prominence&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: In mountaineering"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Prominence is interesting to many <a href="/wiki/Mountaineering" title="Mountaineering">mountaineers</a> because it is an objective measurement that is strongly correlated with the subjective significance of a summit. Peaks with low prominence are either subsidiary tops of some higher summit or relatively insignificant independent summits. Peaks with high prominence tend to be the highest points around and are likely to have extraordinary views. </p><p>Only summits with a sufficient degree of prominence are regarded as independent mountains. For example, the world's second-highest mountain is <a href="/wiki/K2" title="K2">K2</a> (height 8,611 m, prominence 4,017 m). While <a href="/wiki/Mount_Everest" title="Mount Everest">Mount Everest</a>'s South Summit (height 8,749 m, prominence 11 m<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) is taller than K2, it is not considered an independent mountain because it is a sub-summit of the main summit (which has a height and prominence of 8,848 m). </p><p>Many <a href="/wiki/List_of_highest_mountains" class="mw-redirect" title="List of highest mountains">lists of mountains</a> use topographic prominence as a criterion for inclusion in the list, or <i>cutoff</i>. John and Anne Nuttall's <i>The Mountains of England and Wales</i> uses a cutoff of 15 m (about 50 ft), and Alan Dawson's list of <a href="/wiki/Marilyn_(hill)" class="mw-redirect" title="Marilyn (hill)">Marilyns</a> uses 150 m (about 500 ft). (Dawson's list and the term "Marilyn" are limited to Britain and Ireland). In the contiguous United States, the famous list of "<a href="/wiki/Fourteener" title="Fourteener">fourteeners</a>" (14,000 foot / 4268 m peaks) uses a cutoff of 300 ft / 91 m (with some exceptions). Also in the U.S., 2000 ft (610 m) of prominence has become an informal threshold that signifies that a peak has major stature. Lists with a high topographic prominence cutoff tend to favor isolated peaks or those that are the highest point of their <a href="/wiki/Massif" title="Massif">massif</a>; a low value, such as the Nuttalls', results in a list with many summits that may be viewed by some as insignificant. </p><p>While the use of prominence as a cutoff to form a list of peaks ranked by elevation is standard and is the most common use of the concept, it is also possible to use prominence as a mountain measure in itself. This generates <a href="/wiki/List_of_peaks_by_prominence" class="mw-redirect" title="List of peaks by prominence">lists of peaks ranked by prominence</a>, which are qualitatively different from lists ranked by elevation. Such lists tend to emphasize isolated high peaks, such as range or island high points and <a href="/wiki/Stratovolcano" title="Stratovolcano">stratovolcanoes</a>. One advantage of a prominence-ranked list is that it needs no cutoff since a peak with high prominence is automatically an independent peak. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Parent_peak">Parent peak</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Topographic_prominence&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Parent peak"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Topographic_prominence" title="Special:EditPage/Topographic prominence">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">October 2015</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>It is common to define a peak's <i>parent</i> as a particular peak in the higher terrain connected to the peak by the key col. If there are many higher peaks there are various ways of defining which one is the parent, not necessarily based on geological or geomorphological factors. The "parent" relationship defines a hierarchy which defines some peaks as subpeaks of others. For example, in Figure 1, the middle peak is a subpeak of the right peak, which is a subpeak of the left peak, which is the highest point on its landmass. In that example, there is no controversy about the hierarchy; in practice, there are different definitions of parent. These different definitions follow. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Encirclement_or_island_parentage">Encirclement or island parentage</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Topographic_prominence&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Encirclement or island parentage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Encirclement-parent.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Encirclement-parent.svg/220px-Encirclement-parent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Encirclement-parent.svg/330px-Encirclement-parent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Encirclement-parent.svg/440px-Encirclement-parent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2720" data-file-height="1935" /></a><figcaption>Figure 2. Showing two closed contour lines meeting at Peak A's key col.</figcaption></figure> <p>Also known as <i>prominence island parentage</i>, this is defined as follows. In Figure 2 the key col of peak A is at the meeting place of two closed contours, one encircling A (and no higher peaks) and the other containing at least one higher peak. The encirclement parent of A is the highest peak that is inside this other contour. In terms of the falling-sea model, the two contours together bound an "island", with two pieces connected by an isthmus at the key col. The encirclement parent is the highest point on this entire island. </p><p>For example, the encirclement parent of <a href="/wiki/Mont_Blanc" title="Mont Blanc">Mont Blanc</a>, the highest peak in the <a href="/wiki/Alps" title="Alps">Alps</a>, is <a href="/wiki/Mount_Everest" title="Mount Everest">Mount Everest</a>. Mont Blanc's key col is a piece of low ground near <a href="/wiki/Lake_Onega" title="Lake Onega">Lake Onega</a> in northwestern Russia (at 113 m (371 ft) elevation), on the <a href="/wiki/Water_divide" class="mw-redirect" title="Water divide">divide</a> between lands draining into the <a href="/wiki/Baltic_Sea" title="Baltic Sea">Baltic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Caspian_Sea" title="Caspian Sea">Caspian Seas</a>. This is the meeting place of two 113 m (371 ft) contours, one of them encircling Mont Blanc; the other contour encircles Mount Everest. This example demonstrates that the encirclement parent can be very far away from the peak in question when the key col is low. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ProminenceDiagram.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/ProminenceDiagram.svg/220px-ProminenceDiagram.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/ProminenceDiagram.svg/330px-ProminenceDiagram.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/ProminenceDiagram.svg/440px-ProminenceDiagram.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="630" data-file-height="390" /></a><figcaption>Figure 3. Diagram of a mountain range showing peaks and cols, from which mountain parentage and prominences can be determined.</figcaption></figure> <p>This means that, while simple to define, the encirclement parent often does not satisfy the intuitive requirement that the parent peak should be close to the child peak. For example, one common use of the concept of parent is to make clear the location of a peak. If we say that Peak A has Mont Blanc for a parent, we would expect to find Peak A somewhere close to Mont Blanc. This is not always the case for the various concepts of parent, and is least likely to be the case for encirclement parentage. </p><p>Figure 3 shows a schematic range of peaks with the color underlying the minor peaks indicating the encirclement parent. In this case the encirclement parent of M is H whereas an intuitive view might be that L was the parent. Indeed, if col "k" were slightly lower, L would be the true encirclement parent. </p><p>The encirclement parent is the highest possible parent for a peak; all other definitions indicate a (possibly different) peak on the combined island, a "closer" peak than the encirclement parent (if there is one), which is still "better" than the peak in question. The differences lie in what criteria are used to define "closer" and "better." </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Prominence_parentage">Prominence parentage</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Topographic_prominence&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Prominence parentage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The (prominence) parent peak of peak A can be found by dividing the island or region in question into territories, by tracing the two hydrographic runoffs, one in each direction, downwards from the key col of every peak that is more prominent than peak A. The parent is the peak whose territory peak A is in. </p><p>For hills with low prominence in Britain, a definition of "parent <a href="/wiki/Marilyn_(hill)" class="mw-redirect" title="Marilyn (hill)">Marilyn</a>" is sometimes used to classify low hills ("Marilyn" being a British term for a hill with a prominence of at least 150 m).<sup id="cite_ref-TACit_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TACit-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-DoBIH_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DoBIH-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This is found by dividing the region of Britain in question into territories, <i>one for each Marilyn</i>. The parent Marilyn is the Marilyn whose territory the hill's summit is in. If the hill is on an island (in Britain) whose highest point is less than 150 m, it has no parent Marilyn. </p><p>Prominence parentage is the only definition used in the <a href="/wiki/British_Isles" title="British Isles">British Isles</a> because encirclement parentage breaks down when the key col approaches sea level. Using the encirclement definition, the parent of almost any small hill in a low-lying coastal area would be <a href="/wiki/Ben_Nevis" title="Ben Nevis">Ben Nevis</a>, an unhelpful and confusing outcome. Meanwhile, "height" parentage (see below) is not used because there is no obvious choice of cutoff. </p><p>This choice of method might at first seem arbitrary, but it provides every hill with a clear and unambiguous parent peak that is taller and more prominent than the hill itself, while also being connected to it (via ridge lines). The parent of a low hill will also usually be nearby; this becomes less likely as the hill's height and prominence increase. Using prominence parentage, one may produce a "hierarchy" of peaks going back to the highest point on the island.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One such chain in Britain would read: </p><p><a href="/wiki/Billinge_Hill" title="Billinge Hill">Billinge Hill</a> → <a href="/wiki/Winter_Hill_(North_West_England)" title="Winter Hill (North West England)">Winter Hill</a> → <a href="/wiki/Hail_Storm_Hill" title="Hail Storm Hill">Hail Storm Hill</a> → <a href="/wiki/Boulsworth_Hill" title="Boulsworth Hill">Boulsworth Hill</a> → <a href="/wiki/Kinder_Scout" title="Kinder Scout">Kinder Scout</a> → <a href="/wiki/Cross_Fell" title="Cross Fell">Cross Fell</a> → <a href="/wiki/Helvellyn" title="Helvellyn">Helvellyn</a> → <a href="/wiki/Scafell_Pike" title="Scafell Pike">Scafell Pike</a> → <a href="/wiki/Snowdon" title="Snowdon">Snowdon</a> → <a href="/wiki/Ben_Nevis" title="Ben Nevis">Ben Nevis</a>. </p><p>At each stage in the chain, both height and prominence increase. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Line_parentage">Line parentage</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Topographic_prominence&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Line parentage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Line_parent" title="Line parent">Line parent</a></div> <p>Line parentage, also called height parentage, is similar to prominence parentage, but it requires a prominence cutoff criterion. The height parent is the closest peak to peak A (along all ridges connected to A) that has a greater height than A, and satisfies some prominence criteria. </p><p>The disadvantage of this concept is that it goes against the intuition that a parent peak should always be more significant than its child. However it can be used to build an entire lineage for a peak which contains a great deal of information about the peak's position. </p><p>In general, the analysis of parents and lineages is intimately linked to studying the <a href="/wiki/Topology" title="Topology">topology</a> of <a href="/wiki/Water_divide" class="mw-redirect" title="Water divide">watersheds</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Issues_in_choice_of_summit_and_key_col">Issues in choice of summit and key col</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Topographic_prominence&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Issues in choice of summit and key col"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Alteration of the landscape by humans and presence of water features can give rise to issues in the choice of location and height of a summit or col. In Britain, extensive discussion has resulted in a protocol<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> that has been adopted by the main sources of prominence data in Britain and Ireland.<sup id="cite_ref-DoBIH_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DoBIH-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other sources of data commonly ignore human-made alterations, but this convention is not universally agreed upon; for example, some authors discount modern structures but allow ancient ones. Another disagreement concerns <a href="/wiki/Mountaintop_removal" class="mw-redirect" title="Mountaintop removal">mountaintop removal</a>, though for high-prominence peaks (and for low-prominence subpeaks with intact summits), the difference in prominence values for the two conventions is typically relatively small. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Examples">Examples</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Topographic_prominence&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Examples"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Synthesis plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Ambox_question.svg/40px-Ambox_question.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Ambox_question.svg/60px-Ambox_question.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Ambox_question.svg/80px-Ambox_question.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>possibly contains original <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:SYNTH" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:SYNTH">synthesis</a>.</b> Source material should <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verifiably mention</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Content_removal#Irrelevant_information" title="Wikipedia:Content removal">relate</a> to the main topic.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Relevant discussion may be found on the <a href="/wiki/Talk:Topographic_prominence" title="Talk:Topographic prominence">talk page</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">March 2016</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:World_top_peak_prominence.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/World_top_peak_prominence.svg/480px-World_top_peak_prominence.svg.png" decoding="async" width="480" height="412" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/World_top_peak_prominence.svg/720px-World_top_peak_prominence.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/World_top_peak_prominence.svg/960px-World_top_peak_prominence.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="439" /></a><figcaption>Chart showing relationships between the 100 peaks with highest prominence on Earth. (In the <a href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/35/World_top_peak_prominence.svg" class="internal" title="World top peak prominence.svg">SVG version</a>, hover over a peak to highlight its parent(s) and click it to view its article.)</figcaption></figure> <p>The key col and parent peak are often close to the sub-peak but this is not always the case, especially when the key col is relatively low. It is only with the advent of computer programs and geographical databases that thorough analysis has become possible<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup>. </p><p>For example, the key col of <a href="/wiki/Denali" title="Denali">Denali</a> in <a href="/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska">Alaska</a> (6,194 m) is a 56 m col near <a href="/wiki/Lake_Nicaragua" title="Lake Nicaragua">Lake Nicaragua</a>. Denali's encirclement parent is <a href="/wiki/Aconcagua" title="Aconcagua">Aconcagua</a> (6,960 m), in <a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a>, and its prominence is 6,138 m. (To further illustrate the rising-sea model of prominence, if sea level rose 56 m, North and South America would be separate continents and Denali would be 6138 m, its current prominence, above sea level. At a slightly lower level, the continents would still be connected and the high point of the combined landmass would be Aconcagua, the encirclement parent.) </p><p>While it is natural for Aconcagua to be the parent of Denali, since Denali is a major peak, consider the following situation: Peak A is a small hill on the coast of Alaska, with elevation 100 m and key col 50 m. Then the encirclement parent of Peak A is also Aconcagua, even though there will be many peaks closer to Peak A which are much higher and more prominent than Peak A (for example, Denali). This illustrates the disadvantage in using the encirclement parent. </p><p>A hill in a low-lying area like the <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a> will often be a direct child of <a href="/wiki/Mount_Everest" title="Mount Everest">Mount Everest</a>, with its prominence about the same as its height and its key col placed at or near the foot of the hill, well below, for instance, the 113-meter-high key col of <a href="/wiki/Mont_Blanc" title="Mont Blanc">Mont Blanc</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Calculations_and_mathematics">Calculations and mathematics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Topographic_prominence&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Calculations and mathematics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>When the key col for a peak is close to the peak itself, prominence is easily computed by hand using a <a href="/wiki/Topographic_map" title="Topographic map">topographic map</a>. However, when the key col is far away, or when one wants to calculate the prominence of many peaks at once, software can apply <a href="/w/index.php?title=Surface_network_modeling&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Surface network modeling (page does not exist)">surface network modeling</a> to a <a href="/wiki/Digital_elevation_model" title="Digital elevation model">digital elevation model</a> to find exact or approximate key cols.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Since <a href="/wiki/Topographic_map" title="Topographic map">topographic maps</a> typically show elevation using <a href="/wiki/Contour_lines" class="mw-redirect" title="Contour lines">contour lines</a>, the exact elevation is typically bounded by an upper and lower contour, and not specified exactly. Prominence calculations may use the high contour (giving in a pessimistic estimate<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>), the low contour (giving an optimistic estimate), their mean (giving a "midrange" or "rise" prominence<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) or an interpolated value (customary in Britain). </p><p>The choice of method depends largely on the preference of the author and historical precedent. Pessimistic prominence, (and sometimes optimistic prominence) were for many years used in USA and international lists, but mean prominence is becoming preferred.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Wet_prominence_and_dry_prominence">Wet prominence and dry prominence</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Topographic_prominence&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Wet prominence and dry prominence"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are two varieties of topographic prominence: wet prominence and dry prominence.<sup id="cite_ref-helman_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-helman-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Wet prominence is the standard topographic prominence discussed in this article. Wet prominence assumes that the surface of the earth includes all permanent water, snow, and ice features. Thus, the wet prominence of the highest summit of an ocean island or landmass is always equal to the summit's elevation. </p><p>Dry prominence, on the other hand, ignores water, snow, and ice features and assumes that the surface of the earth is defined by the solid bottom of those features. The dry prominence of a summit is equal to its wet prominence unless the summit is the highest point of a landmass or island, or its key col is covered by snow or ice. If its highest surface col is on water, snow, or ice, the dry prominence of that summit is equal to its wet prominence plus the depth of its highest submerged col. </p><p>Because Earth has no higher summit than <a href="/wiki/Mount_Everest" title="Mount Everest">Mount Everest</a>, Everest's prominence is either undefined or its height from the lowest contour line. In a dry Earth, the lowest contour line would be the deepest hydrologic feature, the <a href="/wiki/Challenger_Deep" title="Challenger Deep">Challenger Deep</a>, at 10,924 m depth. Everest's dry prominence would be this depth plus Everest's wet prominence of 8848 m, totaling 19,772 m.<sup id="cite_ref-helman_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-helman-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The dry prominence of <a href="/wiki/Mauna_Kea" title="Mauna Kea">Mauna Kea</a> is equal to its wet prominence (4205 m) plus the depth of its highest submerged col (about 5125 m). Totaling 9330 m, this is greater than any mountain apart from Everest.<sup id="cite_ref-helman_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-helman-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The dry prominence of <a href="/wiki/Aconcagua" title="Aconcagua">Aconcagua</a> is equal to its wet prominence (6960 m) plus the depth of the highest submerged col of the <a href="/wiki/Bering_Strait" title="Bering Strait">Bering Strait</a> (about 40 m), or about 7000 m. </p><p>Mauna Kea is relatively close to its submerged key col in the Pacific Ocean, and the corresponding contour line that surrounds Mauna Kea is a relatively compact area of the ocean floor. Whereas a contour line around Everest that is lower than 9330m from Everest's peak would surround most of the major continents of the Earth. Even just surrounding Afro-Eurasia would run a contour line through the Bering Straight, with a highest submerged col of about 40 m, or only 8888 m below the peak of Everest. As a result, Mauna Kea's prominence might be subjectively more impressive than Everest's, and some authorities have called it the tallest mountain from peak to underwater base.<sup id="cite_ref-Mauna_Kea_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mauna_Kea-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Guinness_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Guinness-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Schmincke_2004_71_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schmincke_2004_71-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-How_High_is_Mauna_Loa_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-How_High_is_Mauna_Loa-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Dry prominence is also useful for measuring submerged <a href="/wiki/Seamount" title="Seamount">seamounts</a>. Seamounts have a dry topographic prominence, a <a href="/wiki/Topographic_isolation" title="Topographic isolation">topographic isolation</a>, and a negative <a href="/wiki/Topographic_elevation" class="mw-redirect" title="Topographic elevation">topographic elevation</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="List_of_most_prominent_summits_on_Earth_by_'dry'_prominence"><span id="List_of_most_prominent_summits_on_Earth_by_.27dry.27_prominence"></span>List of most prominent summits on Earth by 'dry' prominence</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Topographic_prominence&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: List of most prominent summits on Earth by 'dry' prominence"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Prominence values are accurate to perhaps 100m owing to uncertainties in ocean sounding depths.<sup id="cite_ref-helman_14-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-helman-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Summit </th> <th>Landmass </th> <th>Height (m) </th> <th>Location </th> <th>Dry prominence </th> <th>Col height </th> <th>Col location<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mount_Everest" title="Mount Everest">Mount Everest</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Afro-Eurasia" title="Afro-Eurasia">Afro-Eurasia</a> </td> <td>8848 </td> <td><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Topographic_prominence&params=27_59_17_N_86_55_31_E_"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">27°59′17″N</span> <span class="longitude">86°55′31″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">27.98806°N 86.92528°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">27.98806; 86.92528</span></span></span></a></span></span> </td> <td>Undefined or 19772 </td> <td>−10924 </td> <td><span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Topographic_prominence&params=11_22.4_N_142_35.5_E_"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">11°22.4′N</span> <span class="longitude">142°35.5′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">11.3733°N 142.5917°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">11.3733; 142.5917</span></span></span></a></span></span> (<a href="/wiki/Challenger_Deep" title="Challenger Deep">Challenger Deep</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mauna_Kea" title="Mauna Kea">Mauna Kea</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hawaii_(island)" title="Hawaii (island)">Hawaii</a> </td> <td>4205 </td> <td><span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Topographic_prominence&params=19.82_N_155.47_W_"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">19°49′N</span> <span class="longitude">155°28′W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">19.82°N 155.47°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">19.82; -155.47</span></span></span></a></span></span> </td> <td>9330 </td> <td>−5125 </td> <td><span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Topographic_prominence&params=13.29_N_166.54_W_"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">13°17′N</span> <span class="longitude">166°32′W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">13.29°N 166.54°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">13.29; -166.54</span></span></span></a></span></span> (SW of Hawaii) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Vinson_Massif" title="Vinson Massif">Vinson Massif</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Antarctica" title="Antarctica">Antarctica</a> </td> <td>4892 </td> <td><span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Topographic_prominence&params=78_31_31_S_85_37_1_W_"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">78°31′31″S</span> <span class="longitude">85°37′1″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">78.52528°S 85.61694°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">-78.52528; -85.61694</span></span></span></a></span></span> </td> <td>8272 </td> <td>−3380 </td> <td><span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Topographic_prominence&params=60.58_S_39.26_W_"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">60°35′S</span> <span class="longitude">39°16′W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">60.58°S 39.26°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">-60.58; -39.26</span></span></span></a></span></span> (S of South Georgia) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Piton_des_Neiges" title="Piton des Neiges">Piton des Neiges</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9union" title="Réunion">Réunion</a> </td> <td>3069 </td> <td><span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Topographic_prominence&params=21_05_54_S_55_28_51_E_"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">21°05′54″S</span> <span class="longitude">55°28′51″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">21.09833°S 55.48083°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">-21.09833; 55.48083</span></span></span></a></span></span> </td> <td>7129 </td> <td>−4060 </td> <td><span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Topographic_prominence&params=21.68_S_56.78_E_"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">21°41′S</span> <span class="longitude">56°47′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">21.68°S 56.78°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">-21.68; 56.78</span></span></span></a></span></span> (E of Reunion) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Aconcagua" title="Aconcagua">Aconcagua</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Americas" title="Americas">Americas</a> </td> <td>6960 </td> <td><span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Topographic_prominence&params=32_39_11_S_70_0_40_W_"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">32°39′11″S</span> <span class="longitude">70°0′40″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">32.65306°S 70.01111°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">-32.65306; -70.01111</span></span></span></a></span></span> </td> <td>7000 </td> <td>-40 </td> <td><span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Topographic_prominence&params=64.47_N_171.29_W_"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">64°28′N</span> <span class="longitude">171°17′W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">64.47°N 171.29°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">64.47; -171.29</span></span></span></a></span></span> (Bering Strait) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mawson_Peak" title="Mawson Peak">Mawson Peak</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Heard_Island_and_McDonald_Islands" title="Heard Island and McDonald Islands">Heard Island</a>, Kerguelen Plateau </td> <td>2745 </td> <td><span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Topographic_prominence&params=53_6_00_S_73_31_00_E_"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">53°6′00″S</span> <span class="longitude">73°31′00″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">53.10000°S 73.51667°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">-53.10000; 73.51667</span></span></span></a></span></span> </td> <td>6395 </td> <td>−3650 </td> <td><span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Topographic_prominence&params=63.90_S_82.94_E_"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">63°54′S</span> <span class="longitude">82°56′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">63.90°S 82.94°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">-63.90; 82.94</span></span></span></a></span></span> (S of Kerguelen Plateau) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Aoraki_/_Mount_Cook" title="Aoraki / Mount Cook">Aoraki-Mount Cook</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/South_Island" title="South Island">South Island</a>, New Zealand </td> <td>3724 </td> <td><span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Topographic_prominence&params=43_35_42_S_170_8_31_E_"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">43°35′42″S</span> <span class="longitude">170°8′31″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">43.59500°S 170.14194°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">-43.59500; 170.14194</span></span></span></a></span></span> </td> <td>6354 </td> <td>−2630 </td> <td><span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Topographic_prominence&params=19.31_S_157.63_E_"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">19°19′S</span> <span class="longitude">157°38′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">19.31°S 157.63°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">-19.31; 157.63</span></span></span></a></span></span> (W of New Caledonia) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mont_Orohena" title="Mont Orohena">Mont Orohena</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tahiti" title="Tahiti">Tahiti</a>, French Polynesia </td> <td>2241 </td> <td><span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Topographic_prominence&params=17_37_23_S_149_28_37_W_"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">17°37′23″S</span> <span class="longitude">149°28′37″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">17.62306°S 149.47694°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">-17.62306; -149.47694</span></span></span></a></span></span> </td> <td>6341 </td> <td>−4100 </td> <td><span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Topographic_prominence&params=17.22_S_147.69_W_"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">17°13′S</span> <span class="longitude">147°41′W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">17.22°S 147.69°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">-17.22; -147.69</span></span></span></a></span></span> (E of Tahiti) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Silisili" title="Silisili">Silisili</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Samoa" title="Samoa">Samoa</a> </td> <td>1858 </td> <td><span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Topographic_prominence&params=13_37_06_S_172_29_09_W_"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">13°37′06″S</span> <span class="longitude">172°29′09″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">13.61833°S 172.48583°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">-13.61833; -172.48583</span></span></span></a></span></span> </td> <td>6311 </td> <td>−4453 </td> <td><span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Topographic_prominence&params=13.0_S_173.73_W_"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">13°00′S</span> <span class="longitude">173°44′W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">13.0°S 173.73°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">-13.0; -173.73</span></span></span></a></span></span> (W of Samoa) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Pico_do_Fogo" title="Pico do Fogo">Pico do Fogo</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fogo,_Cape_Verde" title="Fogo, Cape Verde">Fogo, Cape Verde</a> </td> <td>2829 </td> <td><span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Topographic_prominence&params=14_57_00_N_24_20_30_W_"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">14°57′00″N</span> <span class="longitude">24°20′30″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">14.95000°N 24.34167°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">14.95000; -24.34167</span></span></span></a></span></span> </td> <td>6190 </td> <td>−3361 </td> <td><span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Topographic_prominence&params=17.59_N_22.06_W_"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">17°35′N</span> <span class="longitude">22°04′W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">17.59°N 22.06°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">17.59; -22.06</span></span></span></a></span></span> (NE of islands) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Queen_Mary%27s_Peak" title="Queen Mary's Peak">Queen Mary's Peak</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tristan_da_Cunha" title="Tristan da Cunha">Tristan da Cunha</a> </td> <td>2062 </td> <td><span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Topographic_prominence&params=37_06_40_S_12_17_18_W_"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">37°06′40″S</span> <span class="longitude">12°17′18″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">37.11111°S 12.28833°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">-37.11111; -12.28833</span></span></span></a></span></span> </td> <td>6179 </td> <td>−4117 </td> <td><span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Topographic_prominence&params=32.44_S_1.64_W_"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">32°26′S</span> <span class="longitude">1°38′W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">32.44°S 1.64°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">-32.44; -1.64</span></span></span></a></span></span> (W of Namibia) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Puncak_Jaya" title="Puncak Jaya">Puncak Jaya</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/New_Guinea" title="New Guinea">New Guinea</a> </td> <td>4884 </td> <td><span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Topographic_prominence&params=04_04_44_S_137_9_30_E_"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">04°04′44″S</span> <span class="longitude">137°9′30″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">4.07889°S 137.15833°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">-4.07889; 137.15833</span></span></span></a></span></span> </td> <td>6178 </td> <td>−1294 </td> <td><span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Topographic_prominence&params=8.54_S_129.22_E_"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">8°32′S</span> <span class="longitude">129°13′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">8.54°S 129.22°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">-8.54; 129.22</span></span></span></a></span></span> (E of Timor) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Denali" title="Denali">Denali</a> </td> <td>Americas </td> <td>6191 </td> <td><span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Topographic_prominence&params=63.07_N_151.01_W_"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">63°04′N</span> <span class="longitude">151°01′W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">63.07°N 151.01°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">63.07; -151.01</span></span></span></a></span></span> </td> <td>6144 </td> <td>47 </td> <td><span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Topographic_prominence&params=9.16_N_79.93_W_"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">9°10′N</span> <span class="longitude">79°56′W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">9.16°N 79.93°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">9.16; -79.93</span></span></span></a></span></span> (Darien Gap) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mount_Paget" title="Mount Paget">Mount Paget</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/South_Georgia_(island)" class="mw-redirect" title="South Georgia (island)">South Georgia</a> </td> <td>2935 </td> <td><span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Topographic_prominence&params=54_26_S_36_33_W_"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">54°26′S</span> <span class="longitude">36°33′W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">54.433°S 36.550°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">-54.433; -36.550</span></span></span></a></span></span> </td> <td>5942 </td> <td>−3007 </td> <td><span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Topographic_prominence&params=53.02_S_48.0_W_"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">53°01′S</span> <span class="longitude">48°00′W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">53.02°S 48.0°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">-53.02; -48.0</span></span></span></a></span></span> (W of South Georgia) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Teide" title="Teide">Teide</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tenerife" title="Tenerife">Tenerife</a>, Canary Islands </td> <td>3715 </td> <td><span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Topographic_prominence&params=28_16_23_N_16_38_22_W_"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">28°16′23″N</span> <span class="longitude">16°38′22″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">28.27306°N 16.63944°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">28.27306; -16.63944</span></span></span></a></span></span> </td> <td>5939 </td> <td>−2224 </td> <td><span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Topographic_prominence&params=28.08_N_16.13_W_"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">28°05′N</span> <span class="longitude">16°08′W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">28.08°N 16.13°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">28.08; -16.13</span></span></span></a></span></span> (E of Tenerife) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mount_Kilimanjaro" title="Mount Kilimanjaro">Kilimanjaro</a> </td> <td>Africa </td> <td>5895 </td> <td><span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Topographic_prominence&params=03_04_33_S_37_21_12_E_"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">03°04′33″S</span> <span class="longitude">37°21′12″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">3.07583°S 37.35333°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">-3.07583; 37.35333</span></span></span></a></span></span> </td> <td>5885 </td> <td>10 </td> <td><span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Topographic_prominence&params=30.47_N_32.34_E_"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">30°28′N</span> <span class="longitude">32°20′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">30.47°N 32.34°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">30.47; 32.34</span></span></span></a></span></span> (Suez Canal) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Pico_Ruivo" title="Pico Ruivo">Pico Ruivo</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Madeira" title="Madeira">Madeira</a> </td> <td>1861 </td> <td><span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Topographic_prominence&params=32_45_31_N_16_56_32_W_"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">32°45′31″N</span> <span class="longitude">16°56′32″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">32.75861°N 16.94222°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">32.75861; -16.94222</span></span></span></a></span></span> </td> <td>5876 </td> <td>−4015 </td> <td><span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Topographic_prominence&params=36.41_N_12.42_W_"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">36°25′N</span> <span class="longitude">12°25′W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">36.41°N 12.42°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">36.41; -12.42</span></span></span></a></span></span> (NE of Madeira) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mount_Pico" title="Mount Pico">Mount Pico</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pico_Island" title="Pico Island">Pico</a>, Azores </td> <td>2351 </td> <td><span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Topographic_prominence&params=38_28_08_N_28_23_56_W_"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">38°28′08″N</span> <span class="longitude">28°23′56″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">38.46889°N 28.39889°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">38.46889; -28.39889</span></span></span></a></span></span> </td> <td>5772 </td> <td>−3421 </td> <td><span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Topographic_prominence&params=52.46_N_33.23_W_"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">52°28′N</span> <span class="longitude">33°14′W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">52.46°N 33.23°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">52.46; -33.23</span></span></span></a></span></span> (N Atlantic) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Pico de Desejado </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Trindade_and_Martin_Vaz" class="mw-redirect" title="Trindade and Martin Vaz">Trindade</a>, SE of Brazil </td> <td>620 </td> <td><span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Topographic_prominence&params=20_31_30_S_29_19_30_W_"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">20°31′30″S</span> <span class="longitude">29°19′30″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">20.52500°S 29.32500°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">-20.52500; -29.32500</span></span></span></a></span></span> </td> <td>5567 </td> <td>−4947 </td> <td><span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Topographic_prominence&params=20.56_S_29.70_W_"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">20°34′S</span> <span class="longitude">29°42′W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">20.56°S 29.70°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">-20.56; -29.70</span></span></span></a></span></span> (W of Trindade) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Pico_Crist%C3%B3bal_Col%C3%B3n" title="Pico Cristóbal Colón">Pico Cristóbal Colón</a> </td> <td>Americas </td> <td>5570 </td> <td><span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Topographic_prominence&params=10_50_18_N_73_41_12_W_"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">10°50′18″N</span> <span class="longitude">73°41′12″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">10.83833°N 73.68667°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">10.83833; -73.68667</span></span></span></a></span></span> </td> <td>5509 </td> <td>191 </td> <td><span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Topographic_prominence&params=10.78_N_72.94_W_"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">10°47′N</span> <span class="longitude">72°56′W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">10.78°N 72.94°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">10.78; -72.94</span></span></span></a></span></span> (E of Sierra Nevada) </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Topographic_prominence&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Height_above_average_terrain" title="Height above average terrain">Height above average terrain</a> (HAAT) – a similar measurement for <a href="/wiki/FM_broadcasting" title="FM broadcasting">FM</a> and <a href="/wiki/Television_transmitter" title="Television transmitter">TV transmitters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultra-prominent_peak" title="Ultra-prominent peak">Ultra-prominent summit</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Lists</dt> <dd></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mountain_lists" title="List of mountain lists">List of mountain lists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_mountains_in_the_Solar_System" title="List of tallest mountains in the Solar System">List of tallest mountains in the Solar System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mountain_peaks_by_prominence" title="List of mountain peaks by prominence">List of the most prominent summits of the world</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Ultras_of_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Ultras of Africa">List of ultra-prominent summits of Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Ultras_of_Antarctica" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Ultras of Antarctica">List of ultra-prominent summits of Antarctica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ultra-prominent_summits_of_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="List of ultra-prominent summits of Australia">List of ultra-prominent summits of Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Alpine_peaks_by_prominence" title="List of Alpine peaks by prominence">List of ultra-prominent summits of the Alps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mountains_of_the_British_Isles_by_prominence" class="mw-redirect" title="List of mountains of the British Isles by prominence">List of the most prominent summits of the British Isles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_European_ultra-prominent_peaks" title="List of European ultra-prominent peaks">List of European ultra-prominent peaks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Ultras_of_North_America" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Ultras of North America">List of ultra-prominent summits of North America</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_the_most_prominent_summits_of_Greenland" class="mw-redirect" title="List of the most prominent summits of Greenland">List of the most prominent summits of Greenland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_the_most_prominent_summits_of_Canada" title="List of the most prominent summits of Canada">List of the most prominent summits of Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_the_most_prominent_summits_of_the_Rocky_Mountains" class="mw-redirect" title="List of the most prominent summits of the Rocky Mountains">List of the most prominent summits of the Rocky Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_the_most_prominent_summits_of_the_United_States" title="List of the most prominent summits of the United States">List of the most prominent summits of the United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_New_England_Fifty_Finest" title="List of New England Fifty Finest">List of the most prominent summits of New England</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_the_most_prominent_summits_of_Mexico" class="mw-redirect" title="List of the most prominent summits of Mexico">List of the most prominent summits of Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_the_most_prominent_summits_of_Central_America" class="mw-redirect" title="List of the most prominent summits of Central America">List of the most prominent summits of Central America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_the_most_prominent_summits_of_the_Caribbean" class="mw-redirect" title="List of the most prominent summits of the Caribbean">List of the most prominent summits of the Caribbean</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Ultras_of_South_America" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Ultras of South America">List of ultra-prominent summits of South America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_by_highest_point" title="List of islands by highest point">List of islands by highest point</a></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Topographic_prominence&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFKirmsede_Ferranti2017" class="citation journal cs1">Kirmse, Andrew; de Ferranti, Jonathan (December 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0309133317738163">"Calculating the prominence and isolation of every mountain in the world"</a>. <i>Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment</i>. <b>41</b> (6): <span class="nowrap">788–</span>802. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0309133317738163">10.1177/0309133317738163</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 May</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Progress+in+Physical+Geography%3A+Earth+and+Environment&rft.atitle=Calculating+the+prominence+and+isolation+of+every+mountain+in+the+world&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E788-%3C%2Fspan%3E802&rft.date=2017-12&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F0309133317738163&rft.aulast=Kirmse&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft.au=de+Ferranti%2C+Jonathan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjournals.sagepub.com%2Fdoi%2F10.1177%2F0309133317738163&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATopographic+prominence" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.peakbagger.com/peak.aspx?pid=18716">"Mount Everest-South Summit, China/Nepal"</a>. <i>Peakbagger.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Peakbagger.com&rft.atitle=Mount+Everest-South+Summit%2C+China%2FNepal&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.peakbagger.com%2Fpeak.aspx%3Fpid%3D18716&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATopographic+prominence" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-TACit-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-TACit_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDawson1997" class="citation book cs1">Dawson, Alan (1997). <i>The Hewitts and Marilyns of England</i>. 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There are several related booklets covering Britain and Ireland. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-9522680-7-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-9522680-7-8"><bdi>0-9522680-7-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Hewitts+and+Marilyns+of+England&rft.place=Glasgow&rft.pub=TACit+Press.+There+are+several+related+booklets+covering+Britain+and+Ireland.&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=0-9522680-7-8&rft.aulast=Dawson&rft.aufirst=Alan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATopographic+prominence" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DoBIH-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-DoBIH_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DoBIH_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hills-database.co.uk/">"The Database of British and Irish Hills"</a>. hills-database.co.uk and hill-bagging.co.uk<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-04-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Database+of+British+and+Irish+Hills&rft.pub=hills-database.co.uk+and+hill-bagging.co.uk&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hills-database.co.uk%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATopographic+prominence" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hill-bagging.co.uk/humps_ebook_release_1_1_0c.pdf">"More Relative Hills of Britain"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Mark Jackson<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-01-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=GitHub&rft.atitle=WinProm&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgithub.com%2Fedwardearl%2Fwinprom&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATopographic+prominence" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.andrewkirmse.com/prominence">"Topographic prominence"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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