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3 Interwar period </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Interwar_period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Second_World_War" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Second_World_War"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Second World War </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Second_World_War-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Second World War subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Second_World_War-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-SEAC_and_Burma_campaign" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#SEAC_and_Burma_campaign"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 SEAC and Burma campaign </div> </a> <ul id="toc-SEAC_and_Burma_campaign-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Viceroy_of_India" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Viceroy_of_India"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Viceroy of India </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Viceroy_of_India-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Viceroy of India subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Viceroy_of_India-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Independence_of_India_and_Pakistan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Independence_of_India_and_Pakistan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Independence of India and Pakistan </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Independence_of_India_and_Pakistan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Governor-General_of_India" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Governor-General_of_India"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 Governor-General of India </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Governor-General_of_India-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Later_career" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Later_career"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Later career </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Later_career-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Alleged_plots_against_Harold_Wilson" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Alleged_plots_against_Harold_Wilson"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Alleged plots against Harold Wilson </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Alleged_plots_against_Harold_Wilson-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Personal_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personal_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Personal life </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Personal_life-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Personal life subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Personal_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Marriage" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Marriage"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.1 Marriage </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Marriage-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sexual_allegations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sexual_allegations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.2 Sexual allegations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sexual_allegations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Daughter_as_heir" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Daughter_as_heir"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.3 Daughter as heir </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Daughter_as_heir-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Leisure_interests" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Leisure_interests"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.4 Leisure interests </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Leisure_interests-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mentorship_of_King_Charles_III" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mentorship_of_King_Charles_III"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.5 Mentorship of King Charles III </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mentorship_of_King_Charles_III-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Television_appearances" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Television_appearances"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Television appearances </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Television_appearances-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Assassination" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Assassination"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Assassination </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Assassination-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Assassination subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Assassination-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Funeral" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Funeral"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.1 Funeral </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Funeral-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aftermath" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aftermath"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.2 Aftermath </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aftermath-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 Legacy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Awards_and_decorations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Awards_and_decorations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 Awards and decorations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Awards_and_decorations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Arms" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arms"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 Arms </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Arms-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 15 References </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle References subsection </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Footnotes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Footnotes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 15.1 Footnotes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Footnotes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Works_cited" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Works_cited"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 15.2 Works cited </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Works_cited-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 16 Further reading </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 17 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Lord Mountbatten</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 56 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-56" aria-hidden="true" > 56 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Mountbatten,_1ste_graaf_Mountbatten_van_Birma" title="Louis Mountbatten, 1ste graaf Mountbatten van Birma – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Louis Mountbatten, 1ste graaf Mountbatten van Birma" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%B3_%D9%85%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%86" title="لويس مونتباتن – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="لويس مونتباتن" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A1_%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%87_%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8" title="লর্ড লুই মাউন্টব্যাটেন – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="লর্ড লুই মাউন্টব্যাটেন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%B8%D1%81_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8A%D0%BD" title="Луис Маунтбатън – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Луис Маунтбатън" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Mountbatten" title="Louis Mountbatten – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Louis Mountbatten" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llu%C3%ADs_Mountbatten" title="Lluís Mountbatten – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Lluís Mountbatten" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Mountbatten" title="Louis Mountbatten – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Louis Mountbatten" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Mountbatten,_Iarll_1af_Mountbatten_o_Fyrma" title="Louis Mountbatten, Iarll 1af Mountbatten o Fyrma – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Louis Mountbatten, Iarll 1af Mountbatten o Fyrma" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earl_Mountbatten" title="Earl Mountbatten – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Earl Mountbatten" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Mountbatten,_1._Earl_Mountbatten_of_Burma" title="Louis Mountbatten, 1. Earl Mountbatten of Burma – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Louis Mountbatten, 1. Earl Mountbatten of Burma" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Mountbatten,_esimene_Birma_krahv_Mountbatten" title="Louis Mountbatten, esimene Birma krahv Mountbatten – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Louis Mountbatten, esimene Birma krahv Mountbatten" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9B%CE%BF%CF%8D%CE%B9%CF%82_%CE%9C%CE%B1%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%BC%CF%80%CE%AC%CF%84%CF%84%CE%B5%CE%BD" title="Λούις Μαουντμπάττεν – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Λούις Μαουντμπάττεν" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Mountbatten" title="Louis Mountbatten – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Louis Mountbatten" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Mountbatten" title="Louis Mountbatten – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Louis Mountbatten" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Mountbatten" title="Louis Mountbatten – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Louis Mountbatten" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%88%D8%A6%DB%8C%D8%B3_%D9%85%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%86" title="لوئیس مونتباتن – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="لوئیس مونتباتن" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Mountbatten" title="Louis Mountbatten – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Louis Mountbatten" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Mountbatten,_Earl_Mountbatten_de_chuid_Bhurma" title="Louis Mountbatten, Earl Mountbatten de chuid Bhurma – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Louis Mountbatten, Earl Mountbatten de chuid Bhurma" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%B2%E0%AB%8B%E0%AA%B0%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%A1_%E0%AA%AE%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%89%E0%AA%A8%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%9F%E0%AA%AC%E0%AB%87%E0%AA%9F%E0%AA%A8" title="લોર્ડ માઉન્ટબેટન – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="લોર્ડ માઉન્ટબેટન" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target">ગુજરાતી</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A3%A8%EC%9D%B4_%EB%A7%88%EC%9A%B4%ED%8A%B8%EB%B0%B0%ED%8A%BC" title="루이 마운트배튼 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="루이 마운트배튼" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%88%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%A8" title="लुईस माउंटबेटन – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="लुईस माउंटबेटन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Mountbatten" title="Louis Mountbatten – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Louis Mountbatten" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Mountbatten" title="Louis Mountbatten – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Louis Mountbatten" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Mountbatten" title="Louis Mountbatten – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Louis Mountbatten" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%90%D7%99_%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%98%D7%91%D7%90%D7%98%D7%9F" title="לואי מאונטבאטן – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="לואי מאונטבאטן" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%82%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E2%80%8C_%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%8C%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%9F%E0%B3%8D%E2%80%8C%E2%80%8C%E0%B2%AC%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%9F%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D%E2%80%8C%E2%80%8C,_%E0%B2%AC%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A6_1%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%AF_%E0%B2%85%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%8D%E2%80%8C%E2%80%8C_%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%8C%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%9F%E0%B3%8D%E2%80%8C%E0%B2%AC%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%9F%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D%E2%80%8C%E2%80%8C" title="ಲೂಯಿಸ್‌ ಮೌಂಟ್‌‌ಬ್ಯಾಟನ್‌‌, ಬರ್ಮಾದ 1ನೆಯ ಅರ್ಲ್‌‌ ಮೌಂಟ್‌ಬ್ಯಾಟನ್‌‌ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಲೂಯಿಸ್‌ ಮೌಂಟ್‌‌ಬ್ಯಾಟನ್‌‌, ಬರ್ಮಾದ 1ನೆಯ ಅರ್ಲ್‌‌ ಮೌಂಟ್‌ಬ್ಯಾಟನ್‌‌" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lajos_Ferenc_battenbergi_herceg" title="Lajos Ferenc battenbergi herceg – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Lajos Ferenc battenbergi herceg" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%BF_%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%97%E0%B4%A3%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%BB" title="ലൂയി മൗണ്ട്ബാറ്റൻ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ലൂയി മൗണ്ട്ബാറ്റൻ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%88_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%85%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%A8" title="लुई माउंटबॅटन – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="लुई माउंटबॅटन" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%B3_%D9%85%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%86" title="لويس مونتباتن – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="لويس مونتباتن" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Mountbatten" title="Louis Mountbatten – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Louis Mountbatten" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%84%E1%80%B7%E1%80%BA%E1%80%97%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%90%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%81%8A_%E1%80%9C%E1%80%B0%E1%80%9D%E1%80%AE" title="မောင့်ဗက်တင်၊ လူဝီ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="မောင့်ဗက်တင်၊ လူဝီ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Mountbatten" title="Louis Mountbatten – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Louis Mountbatten" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AB%E3%82%A4%E3%82%B9%E3%83%BB%E3%83%9E%E3%82%A6%E3%83%B3%E3%83%88%E3%83%90%E3%83%83%E3%83%86%E3%83%B3" title="ルイス・マウントバッテン – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ルイス・マウントバッテン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Mountbatten" title="Louis Mountbatten – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Louis Mountbatten" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Mountbatten" title="Louis Mountbatten – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Louis Mountbatten" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%B2%E0%AC%B0%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%A1%E0%AC%BC_%E0%AC%AE%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%89%E0%AC%A3%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%9F%E0%AC%AC%E0%AD%8D%E0%AD%9F%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%9F%E0%AD%87%E0%AC%A8" title="ଲର୍ଡ଼ ମାଉଣ୍ଟବ୍ୟାଟେନ – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଲର୍ଡ଼ ମାଉଣ୍ଟବ୍ୟାଟେନ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target">ଓଡ଼ିଆ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lui_Mauntbatten,_Birmaning_1-grafi_Mauntbatten" title="Lui Mauntbatten, Birmaning 1-grafi Mauntbatten – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Lui Mauntbatten, Birmaning 1-grafi Mauntbatten" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%88%D8%A6%D8%B3_%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%A4%D9%86%D9%B9_%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%B9%D9%86" title="لوئس ماؤنٹ بیٹن – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="لوئس ماؤنٹ بیٹن" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Mountbatten_(hrabia_Mountbatten_of_Burma)" title="Louis Mountbatten (hrabia Mountbatten of Burma) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Louis Mountbatten (hrabia Mountbatten of Burma)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Mountbatten,_1.%C2%BA_Conde_Mountbatten_da_Birm%C3%A2nia" title="Louis Mountbatten, 1.º Conde Mountbatten da Birmânia – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Louis Mountbatten, 1.º Conde Mountbatten da Birmânia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Mountbatten,_Primul_Conte_Mountbatten_de_Burma" title="Louis Mountbatten, Primul Conte Mountbatten de Burma – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Louis Mountbatten, Primul Conte Mountbatten de Burma" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD,_%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%B8%D1%81,_1-%D0%B9_%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%91%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Маунтбеттен, Луис, 1-й граф Маунтбеттен Бирманский – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Маунтбеттен, Луис, 1-й граф Маунтбеттен Бирманский" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lord_Mountbatten" title="Lord Mountbatten – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Lord Mountbatten" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Mountbatten" title="Louis Mountbatten – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Louis Mountbatten" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Mountbatten" title="Louis Mountbatten – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Louis Mountbatten" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Mountbatten" title="Louis Mountbatten – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Louis Mountbatten" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Mountbatten" title="Louis Mountbatten – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Louis Mountbatten" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81" title="மவுண்ட்பேட்டன் பிரபு – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மவுண்ட்பேட்டன் பிரபு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%8C%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%8D%E2%80%8C%E0%B0%AC%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%9F%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" title="మౌంట్‌బాటన్ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="మౌంట్‌బాటన్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target">తెలుగు</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%8C_%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%99_%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88_1_%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2" title="หลุยส์ เมานต์แบ็ตเทน เอิร์ลเมานต์แบ็ตเทนที่ 1 แห่งพม่า – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="หลุยส์ เมานต์แบ็ตเทน เอิร์ลเมานต์แบ็ตเทนที่ 1 แห่งพม่า" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Mountbatten" title="Louis Mountbatten – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Louis Mountbatten" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%83%D1%97%D1%81_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Луїс Маунтбеттен – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Луїс Маунтбеттен" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%88%D8%A6%D8%B3_%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%A4%D9%86%D9%B9_%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%B9%D9%86" title="لوئس ماؤنٹ بیٹن – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="لوئس ماؤنٹ بیٹن" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Mountbatten,_B%C3%A1_t%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Bc_Mountbatten_th%E1%BB%A9_nh%E1%BA%A5t_c%E1%BB%A7a_Mi%E1%BA%BFn_%C4%90i%E1%BB%87n" title="Louis Mountbatten, Bá tước Mountbatten thứ nhất của Miến Điện – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Louis Mountbatten, Bá tước Mountbatten thứ nhất của Miến Điện" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E4%BB%A3%E7%B7%AC%E7%94%B8%E7%9A%84%E8%92%99%E5%B7%B4%E9%A0%93%E4%BC%AF%E7%88%B5%E8%B7%AF%E6%98%93%C2%B7%E8%92%99%E5%B7%B4%E9%A0%93" title="第一代緬甸的蒙巴頓伯爵路易·蒙巴頓 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="第一代緬甸的蒙巴頓伯爵路易·蒙巴頓" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a 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class="mw-redirect" title="Lord Louis Mountbatten">Lord Louis Mountbatten</a>)</div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">British statesman and naval officer (1900–1979)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Louis Mountbatten" redirects here. For his father, the 1st Marquess of Milford Haven, see <a href="/wiki/Prince_Louis_of_Battenberg" title="Prince Louis of Battenberg">Prince Louis of Battenberg</a>. For his hereditary peerage, see <a href="/wiki/Earl_Mountbatten_of_Burma" title="Earl Mountbatten of Burma">Earl Mountbatten of Burma</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="honorific-prefix" style="font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/The_Right_Honourable" title="The Right Honourable">The Right Honourable</a></div><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">The Earl Mountbatten of Burma</div><div class="honorific-suffix" style="font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Knight_of_the_Order_of_the_Garter" class="mw-redirect" title="Knight of the Order of the Garter">KG</a> <a href="/wiki/Knight_Grand_Cross_of_the_Order_of_the_Bath" class="mw-redirect" title="Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath">GCB</a> <a href="/wiki/Member_of_the_Order_of_Merit" class="mw-redirect" title="Member of the Order of Merit">OM</a> <a href="/wiki/Knight_Grand_Commander_of_the_Order_of_the_Star_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Knight Grand Commander of the Order of the Star of India">GCSI</a> <a href="/wiki/Knight_Grand_Commander_of_the_Order_of_the_Indian_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Knight Grand Commander of the Order of the Indian Empire">GCIE</a> <a href="/wiki/Knight_Grand_Cross_of_the_Royal_Victorian_Order" class="mw-redirect" title="Knight Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order">GCVO</a> <a href="/wiki/Distinguished_Service_Order" title="Distinguished Service Order">DSO</a> <a href="/wiki/Knight_of_Justice_of_the_Order_of_St_John" class="mw-redirect" title="Knight of Justice of the Order of St John">KStJ</a> <a href="/wiki/Aide_de_Camp#The_Royal_Household" class="mw-redirect" title="Aide de Camp">ADC</a> <a href="/wiki/Privy_Council_(United_Kingdom)" title="Privy Council (United Kingdom)">PC</a> <a href="/wiki/Fellow_of_the_Royal_Society" title="Fellow of the Royal Society">FRS</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Lord_Mountbatten_Naval_in_colour_Allan_Warren.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Lord_Mountbatten_Naval_in_colour_Allan_Warren.jpg/220px-Lord_Mountbatten_Naval_in_colour_Allan_Warren.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="339" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Lord_Mountbatten_Naval_in_colour_Allan_Warren.jpg/330px-Lord_Mountbatten_Naval_in_colour_Allan_Warren.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Lord_Mountbatten_Naval_in_colour_Allan_Warren.jpg/440px-Lord_Mountbatten_Naval_in_colour_Allan_Warren.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2740" data-file-height="4226" /></a><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-top:0.2em;">Portrait by <a href="/wiki/Allan_Warren" title="Allan Warren">Allan Warren</a>, 1976</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Chief_of_the_Defence_Staff_(United_Kingdom)" title="Chief of the Defence Staff (United Kingdom)">Chief of the Defence Staff</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">In office 13 July 1959 – 15 July 1965</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Prime Minister</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Macmillan" title="Harold Macmillan">Harold Macmillan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Sir_Alec_Douglas-Home" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir Alec Douglas-Home">Sir Alec Douglas-Home</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Wilson" title="Harold Wilson">Harold Wilson</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sir_William_Dickson" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir William Dickson">Sir William Dickson</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sir_Richard_Hull" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir Richard Hull">Sir Richard Hull</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/First_Sea_Lord" title="First Sea Lord">First Sea Lord</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">In office 18 April 1955 – 19 October 1959</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Prime Minister</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sir_Anthony_Eden" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir Anthony Eden">Sir Anthony Eden</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Macmillan" title="Harold Macmillan">Harold Macmillan</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sir_Rhoderick_McGrigor" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir Rhoderick McGrigor">Sir Rhoderick McGrigor</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sir_Charles_Lambe" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir Charles Lambe">Sir Charles Lambe</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Governor-General_of_India" title="Governor-General of India">Governor-General of India</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">In office 15 August 1947 – 21 June 1948</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Monarch</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/George_VI" title="George VI">George VI</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Prime Minister</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Jawaharlal_Nehru" title="Jawaharlal Nehru">Jawaharlal Nehru</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data">Himself (As Viceroy and Governor-General of India)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/C._Rajagopalachari" title="C. Rajagopalachari">C. Rajagopalachari</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Viceroy_and_Governor-General_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Viceroy and Governor-General of India">Viceroy and Governor-General of India</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">In office 21 February 1947 – 15 August 1947</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Monarch</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/George_VI" title="George VI">George VI</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Prime Minister</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Clement_Attlee" title="Clement Attlee">Clement Attlee</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Archibald_Wavell,_1st_Earl_Wavell" title="Archibald Wavell, 1st Earl Wavell">The Viscount Wavell</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>Himself (as Governor-General of India)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Ali_Jinnah" title="Muhammad Ali Jinnah">Muhammad Ali Jinnah</a> (as Governor-General of Pakistan)</li></ul></div></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Member_of_the_House_of_Lords" class="mw-redirect" title="Member of the House of Lords">Member of the House of Lords</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><div class="skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="width:100%; margin:0; color: black; background-color: lavender"><a href="/wiki/Lord_Temporal" class="mw-redirect" title="Lord Temporal">Lord Temporal</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><a href="/wiki/Hereditary_peer" title="Hereditary peer">Hereditary peerage</a> 13 June 1946 – 27 August 1979</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data">Peerage established</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Patricia_Knatchbull,_2nd_Countess_Mountbatten_of_Burma" title="Patricia Knatchbull, 2nd Countess Mountbatten of Burma">The 2nd Countess Mountbatten of Burma</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Prince Louis of Battenberg</div> (1900-06-25)25 June 1900 <a href="/wiki/Frogmore_House" title="Frogmore House">Frogmore House</a>, <a href="/wiki/Windsor,_Berkshire" title="Windsor, Berkshire">Windsor, Berkshire</a>, England</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">27 August 1979(1979-08-27) (aged 79) <a href="/wiki/Mullaghmore,_County_Sligo" title="Mullaghmore, County Sligo">Mullaghmore, County Sligo</a>, Ireland</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Manner of death</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Lord_Mountbatten" title="Assassination of Lord Mountbatten">Assassination</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Resting place</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/Romsey_Abbey" title="Romsey Abbey">Romsey Abbey</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Edwina_Ashley" class="mw-redirect" title="Edwina Ashley">Edwina Ashley</a></div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style>1922; died <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319">1960)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Patricia_Knatchbull,_2nd_Countess_Mountbatten_of_Burma" title="Patricia Knatchbull, 2nd Countess Mountbatten of Burma">Patricia Knatchbull, 2nd Countess Mountbatten of Burma</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Lady_Pamela_Hicks" title="Lady Pamela Hicks">Lady Pamela Hicks</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Parents</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Mountbatten,_1st_Marquess_of_Milford_Haven" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis Mountbatten, 1st Marquess of Milford Haven">Louis Mountbatten, 1st Marquess of Milford Haven</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Victoria_of_Hesse_and_by_Rhine" title="Princess Victoria of Hesse and by Rhine">Princess Victoria of Hesse and by Rhine</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Alma_mater" title="Alma mater">Alma mater</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Christ%27s_College,_Cambridge" title="Christ's College, Cambridge">Christ's College, Cambridge</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Military service</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Allegiance</th><td class="infobox-data">United Kingdom</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Branch/service</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Royal_Navy" title="Royal Navy">Royal Navy</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Years of service</th><td class="infobox-data">1913–1965</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Admiral_of_the_Fleet_(Royal_Navy)" title="Admiral of the Fleet (Royal Navy)">Admiral of the Fleet</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Commands</th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>See list</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Chief_of_the_Defence_Staff_(United_Kingdom)" title="Chief of the Defence Staff (United Kingdom)">Chief of the Defence Staff</a></div></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">(1959–1965) </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/First_Sea_Lord" title="First Sea Lord">First Sea Lord</a></div></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">(1955–1959) </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_Fleet" title="Mediterranean Fleet">Mediterranean Fleet</a></div></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">(1952–1954) </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Fourth_Sea_Lord" title="Fourth Sea Lord">Fourth Sea Lord</a></div></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">(1950–1952) </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Allied_Commander" title="Supreme Allied Commander">Supreme Allied Commander</a>,  <a href="/wiki/South_East_Asia_Command" title="South East Asia Command">South East Asia Command</a></div></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">(1943–1946) </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Chief of <a href="/wiki/Combined_Operations_Headquarters" title="Combined Operations Headquarters">Combined Operations</a></div></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">(1941–1943) </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/HMS_Illustrious_(87)" title="HMS Illustrious (87)">HMS Illustrious</a></div></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">(1941) </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/HMS_Kelly_(F01)" title="HMS Kelly (F01)">HMS Kelly</a></div></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">(1939–1941) </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/HMS_Wishart" title="HMS Wishart">HMS Wishart</a></div></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">(1934–1936) </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/HMS_Daring_(H16)" title="HMS Daring (H16)">HMS Daring</a></div></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">(1934) </li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Battles/wars</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First World War">First World War</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Second_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second World War">Second World War</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Awards</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="#Awards_and_decorations">See list</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> Louis Francis Albert Victor Nicholas Mountbatten, 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma (born Prince Louis of Battenberg;<a href="#cite_note-1">[n 1]</a> 25 June 1900 – 27 August 1979), commonly known as Lord Mountbatten, was a British statesman, naval officer, colonial administrator and close relative of the <a href="/wiki/British_royal_family" title="British royal family">British royal family</a>. He was born in the United Kingdom to the prominent <a href="/wiki/Battenberg_family" title="Battenberg family">Battenberg family</a>. He was a maternal uncle of <a href="/wiki/Prince_Philip,_Duke_of_Edinburgh" title="Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh">Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh</a>, and a second cousin of <a href="/wiki/King_George_VI" class="mw-redirect" title="King George VI">King George VI</a>. He joined the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Navy_during_the_First_World_War" title="Royal Navy during the First World War">Royal Navy during the First World War</a> and was appointed <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Allied_Commander" title="Supreme Allied Commander">Supreme Allied Commander</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_East_Asia_Command" title="South East Asia Command">South East Asia Command</a>, in the <a href="/wiki/Second_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second World War">Second World War</a>. He later served as the last <a href="/wiki/Viceroy_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Viceroy of India">Viceroy of India</a> and briefly as the first <a href="/wiki/Governor-General" class="mw-redirect" title="Governor-General">Governor-General</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Dominion_of_India" title="Dominion of India">Dominion of India</a>. Mountbatten attended the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Naval_College,_Osborne" title="Royal Naval College, Osborne">Royal Naval College, Osborne</a>, before entering the Royal Navy in 1916. He saw action during the closing phase of the <a href="/wiki/First_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First World War">First World War</a>, and after the war briefly attended <a href="/wiki/Christ%27s_College,_Cambridge" title="Christ's College, Cambridge">Christ's College, Cambridge</a>. During the <a href="/wiki/Interwar_period" title="Interwar period">interwar period</a>, Mountbatten continued to pursue his naval career, specialising in naval communications. Following the outbreak of the Second World War, he commanded the destroyer <a href="/wiki/HMS_Kelly_(F01)" title="HMS Kelly (F01)">HMS Kelly</a> and the <a href="/wiki/5th_Destroyer_Flotilla" title="5th Destroyer Flotilla">5th Destroyer Flotilla</a>. He saw considerable action in Norway, in the English Channel, and in the Mediterranean. In August 1941, he received command of the aircraft carrier <a href="/wiki/HMS_Illustrious_(87)" title="HMS Illustrious (87)">HMS Illustrious</a>. He was appointed chief of <a href="/wiki/Combined_Operations_Headquarters" title="Combined Operations Headquarters">Combined Operations</a> and a member of the <a href="/wiki/Chiefs_of_Staff_Committee" title="Chiefs of Staff Committee">Chiefs of Staff Committee</a> in early 1942, and organised the raids on <a href="/wiki/St_Nazaire_Raid" title="St Nazaire Raid">St Nazaire</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dieppe_Raid" title="Dieppe Raid">Dieppe</a>. In August 1943, Mountbatten became Supreme Allied Commander South East Asia Command and oversaw the recapture of <a href="/wiki/Burma_campaign_1944%E2%80%9345" class="mw-redirect" title="Burma campaign 1944–45">Burma</a> and <a href="/wiki/Operation_Tiderace" title="Operation Tiderace">Singapore</a> from the Japanese by the end of 1945. For his service during the war, Mountbatten was created viscount in 1946 and <a href="/wiki/Earl_Mountbatten_of_Burma" title="Earl Mountbatten of Burma">earl</a> the following year. In February 1947, Mountbatten was appointed Viceroy and Governor-General of India and oversaw the <a href="/wiki/Partition_of_India" title="Partition of India">Partition of India</a> into <a href="/wiki/Dominion_of_India" title="Dominion of India">India</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dominion_of_Pakistan" title="Dominion of Pakistan">Pakistan</a>. He then served as the first Governor-General of the Union of India until June 1948 and played a significant role in persuading <a href="/wiki/Princely_states" class="mw-redirect" title="Princely states">princely states</a> to accede to India.<a href="#cite_note-Sanajaoba223-2">[1]</a> In 1952, Mountbatten was appointed commander-in-chief of the British <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_Fleet" title="Mediterranean Fleet">Mediterranean Fleet</a> and <a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a> Commander <a href="/wiki/Allied_Forces_Mediterranean" title="Allied Forces Mediterranean">Allied Forces Mediterranean</a>. From 1955 to 1959, he was <a href="/wiki/First_Sea_Lord" title="First Sea Lord">First Sea Lord</a>, a position that had been held by his father, <a href="/wiki/Prince_Louis_of_Battenberg" title="Prince Louis of Battenberg">Prince Louis of Battenberg</a>, some forty years earlier. Thereafter he served as <a href="/wiki/Chief_of_the_Defence_Staff_(United_Kingdom)" title="Chief of the Defence Staff (United Kingdom)">chief of the Defence Staff</a> until 1965, making him the longest-serving professional head of the British Armed Forces to date. During this period Mountbatten also served as <a href="/wiki/Chairman_of_the_NATO_Military_Committee" class="mw-redirect" title="Chairman of the NATO Military Committee">chairman of the NATO Military Committee</a> for a year. In August 1979, <a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Lord_Mountbatten" title="Assassination of Lord Mountbatten">Mountbatten was assassinated</a> by a bomb planted aboard his fishing boat in <a href="/wiki/Mullaghmore,_County_Sligo" title="Mullaghmore, County Sligo">Mullaghmore, County Sligo</a>, Ireland, by members of the <a href="/wiki/Provisional_Irish_Republican_Army" title="Provisional Irish Republican Army">Provisional Irish Republican Army</a>. He received a <a href="/wiki/Funeral_of_Lord_Mountbatten" title="Funeral of Lord Mountbatten">ceremonial funeral</a> at <a href="/wiki/Westminster_Abbey" title="Westminster Abbey">Westminster Abbey</a> and was buried in <a href="/wiki/Romsey_Abbey" title="Romsey Abbey">Romsey Abbey</a> in Hampshire. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lord_Mountbatten&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life">edit</a>]</div> Mountbatten, then named Prince Louis of <a href="/wiki/Battenberg_family" title="Battenberg family">Battenberg</a>, was born on 25 June 1900 at <a href="/wiki/Frogmore_House" title="Frogmore House">Frogmore House</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Home_Park,_Windsor" title="Home Park, Windsor">Home Park, Windsor</a>, Berkshire.<a href="#cite_note-3">[2]</a> He was the youngest child and the second son of <a href="/wiki/Prince_Louis_of_Battenberg" title="Prince Louis of Battenberg">Prince Louis of Battenberg</a> and his wife <a href="/wiki/Princess_Victoria_of_Hesse_and_by_Rhine" title="Princess Victoria of Hesse and by Rhine">Princess Victoria of Hesse and by Rhine</a>.<a href="#cite_note-4">[3]</a> Mountbatten's maternal grandparents were <a href="/wiki/Louis_IV,_Grand_Duke_of_Hesse" title="Louis IV, Grand Duke of Hesse">Louis IV, Grand Duke of Hesse</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Princess_Alice_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Princess Alice of the United Kingdom">Princess Alice of the United Kingdom</a>, who was a daughter of <a href="/wiki/Queen_Victoria" title="Queen Victoria">Queen Victoria</a> and <a href="/wiki/Prince_Albert_of_Saxe-Coburg_and_Gotha" title="Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha">Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha</a>. His paternal grandparents were <a href="/wiki/Prince_Alexander_of_Hesse_and_by_Rhine" title="Prince Alexander of Hesse and by Rhine">Prince Alexander of Hesse and by Rhine</a> and <a href="/wiki/Julia,_Princess_of_Battenberg" title="Julia, Princess of Battenberg">Julia, Princess of Battenberg</a>.<a href="#cite_note-burke-5">[4]</a> Mountbatten's paternal grandparents' marriage was <a href="/wiki/Morganatic" class="mw-redirect" title="Morganatic">morganatic</a> because his grandmother was not of royal lineage; as a result, he and his father were styled "Serene Highness" rather than "Grand Ducal Highness", were not eligible to be titled Princes of Hesse, and were given the less exalted Battenberg title. Mountbatten's elder siblings were <a href="/wiki/Princess_Alice_of_Battenberg" title="Princess Alice of Battenberg">Princess Alice of Battenberg</a> (mother of <a href="/wiki/Prince_Philip,_Duke_of_Edinburgh" title="Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh">Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh</a>), Princess Louise of Battenberg (later <a href="/wiki/Louise_Mountbatten" title="Louise Mountbatten">Queen Louise of Sweden</a>), and Prince George of Battenberg (later <a href="/wiki/George_Mountbatten,_2nd_Marquess_of_Milford_Haven" title="George Mountbatten, 2nd Marquess of Milford Haven">George Mountbatten, 2nd Marquess of Milford Haven</a>).<a href="#cite_note-burke-5">[4]</a> Mountbatten was baptised in the large drawing room of Frogmore House on 17 July 1900 by the <a href="/wiki/Dean_of_Windsor" title="Dean of Windsor">Dean of Windsor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Philip_Eliot_(priest)" title="Philip Eliot (priest)">Philip Eliot</a>. His godparents were Queen Victoria (his maternal great-grandmother), Nicholas II of Russia (his maternal uncle through marriage and paternal second cousin, represented by the child's father) and <a href="/wiki/Prince_Francis_Joseph_of_Battenberg" title="Prince Francis Joseph of Battenberg">Prince Francis Joseph of Battenberg</a> (his paternal uncle, represented by <a href="/wiki/Lord_Edward_Clinton" title="Lord Edward Clinton">Lord Edward Clinton</a>).<a href="#cite_note-journal-6">[5]</a> He wore the original 1841 <a href="/wiki/Royal_christening_gown" title="Royal christening gown">royal christening gown</a> at the ceremony.<a href="#cite_note-journal-6">[5]</a> Mountbatten's nickname among family and friends was "Dickie"; however "Richard" was not among his given names. This was because his great-grandmother, Queen Victoria, had suggested the nickname of "Nicky", but to avoid confusion with the many Nickys of the Russian Imperial Family ("Nicky" was particularly used to refer to <a href="/wiki/Nicholas_II" title="Nicholas II">Nicholas II</a>, the last Tsar), "Nicky" was changed to "Dickie".<a href="#cite_note-life1942081763-7">[6]</a> Mountbatten was educated at home for the first 10 years of his life; he was then sent to <a href="/wiki/Lockers_Park_School" title="Lockers Park School">Lockers Park School</a> in Hertfordshire<a href="#cite_note-odnb-8">[7]</a> and on to the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Naval_College,_Osborne" title="Royal Naval College, Osborne">Royal Naval College, Osborne</a>, in May 1913.<a href="#cite_note-heath183-9">[8]</a> Mountbatten's mother's younger sister was <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian</a> Empress <a href="/wiki/Alexandra_Feodorovna_(Alix_of_Hesse)" title="Alexandra Feodorovna (Alix of Hesse)">Alexandra Feodorovna</a>. In childhood he visited the Imperial Court of Russia at <a href="/wiki/St_Petersburg" class="mw-redirect" title="St Petersburg">St Petersburg</a> and became intimate with the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Imperial_Family" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian Imperial Family">Russian Imperial Family</a>, harbouring romantic feelings towards his maternal first cousin <a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchess_Maria_Nikolaevna" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Duchess Maria Nikolaevna">Grand Duchess Maria Nikolaevna</a>, whose photograph he kept at his bedside for the rest of his life.<a href="#cite_note-king49-10">[9]</a> Mountbatten adopted his surname as a result of <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>. From 1914 to 1918, <a href="/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_I" title="Allies of World War I">Britain and its allies</a> were at war with the <a href="/wiki/Central_Powers" title="Central Powers">Central Powers</a>, led by the <a href="/wiki/German_Empire" title="German Empire">German Empire</a>. To appease British nationalist sentiment, in 1917 <a href="/wiki/King_George_V" class="mw-redirect" title="King George V">King George V</a> issued a royal proclamation changing the name of the British <a href="/wiki/Royal_house" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal house">royal house</a> from the German <a href="/wiki/House_of_Saxe-Coburg_and_Gotha" title="House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha">House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha</a> to the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Windsor" title="House of Windsor">House of Windsor</a>. The king's British relatives with German names and titles followed suit with Mountbatten's father adopting the surname Mountbatten, an <a href="/wiki/Anglicisation_of_names" title="Anglicisation of names">anglicisation</a> of Battenberg. The elder Mountbatten was subsequently created <a href="/wiki/Marquess_of_Milford_Haven" title="Marquess of Milford Haven">Marquess of Milford Haven</a>.<a href="#cite_note-11">[10]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="First_World_War">First World War</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lord_Mountbatten&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: First World War">edit</a>]</div> At the age of 16, Mountbatten was posted as <a href="/wiki/Midshipman" title="Midshipman">midshipman</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Battlecruiser" title="Battlecruiser">battlecruiser</a> <a href="/wiki/HMS_Lion_(1910)" title="HMS Lion (1910)">HMS Lion</a> in July 1916 and, after seeing action in August 1916, transferred to the battleship <a href="/wiki/HMS_Queen_Elizabeth_(1913)" title="HMS Queen Elizabeth (1913)">HMS Queen Elizabeth</a> during the closing phases of the <a href="/wiki/First_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First World War">First World War</a>.<a href="#cite_note-heath183-9">[8]</a> In June 1917, when the royal family stopped using their German names and titles and adopted the more British-sounding "Windsor", Mountbatten acquired the <a href="/wiki/Courtesy_titles_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Courtesy titles in the United Kingdom">courtesy title</a> appropriate to a younger son of a marquess, becoming known as Lord Louis Mountbatten (Lord Louis for short) until he was created a peer in his own right in 1946.<a href="#cite_note-heath184-12">[11]</a> He paid a visit of ten days to the Western Front in July 1918.<a href="#cite_note-13">[12]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lord_Louis_Mountbatten1925.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Lord_Louis_Mountbatten1925.jpg/170px-Lord_Louis_Mountbatten1925.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="241" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Lord_Louis_Mountbatten1925.jpg/255px-Lord_Louis_Mountbatten1925.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Lord_Louis_Mountbatten1925.jpg/340px-Lord_Louis_Mountbatten1925.jpg 2x" data-file-width="451" data-file-height="640" /></a><figcaption>Portrait by <a href="/wiki/Philip_de_L%C3%A1szl%C3%B3" title="Philip de László">Philip de László</a>, 1925</figcaption></figure> While still an acting-<a href="/wiki/Sub-lieutenant" title="Sub-lieutenant">sub-lieutenant</a>, Mountbatten was appointed <a href="/wiki/First_lieutenant#Royal_Navy" title="First lieutenant">first lieutenant</a> (second-in-command) of the <a href="/wiki/P-class_sloop" title="P-class sloop">P-class sloop</a> HMS P. 31 on 13 October 1918 and was confirmed as a <a href="/wiki/Substantive_rank" class="mw-redirect" title="Substantive rank">substantive</a> <a href="/wiki/Sub-lieutenant" title="Sub-lieutenant">sub-lieutenant</a> on 15 January 1919. HMS P. 31 took part in the Peace River Pageant on 4 April 1919. Mountbatten attended <a href="/wiki/Christ%27s_College,_Cambridge" title="Christ's College, Cambridge">Christ's College, Cambridge</a>, for two terms, starting in October 1919, where he studied English literature (including <a href="/wiki/John_Milton" title="John Milton">John Milton</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lord_Byron" title="Lord Byron">Lord Byron</a>) in a programme designed to augment the education of junior officers which had been curtailed by the war.<a href="#cite_note-14">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-15">[14]</a> He was elected for a term to the Standing Committee of the <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_Union_Society" class="mw-redirect" title="Cambridge Union Society">Cambridge Union Society</a> and was suspected of sympathy for the Labour Party, then emerging as a potential party of government for the first time.<a href="#cite_note-16">[15]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Interwar_period">Interwar period</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lord_Mountbatten&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Interwar period">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Edward_VIII_with_his_staff_in_Japan_1922.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Edward_VIII_with_his_staff_in_Japan_1922.jpg/220px-Edward_VIII_with_his_staff_in_Japan_1922.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Edward_VIII_with_his_staff_in_Japan_1922.jpg/330px-Edward_VIII_with_his_staff_in_Japan_1922.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Edward_VIII_with_his_staff_in_Japan_1922.jpg/440px-Edward_VIII_with_his_staff_in_Japan_1922.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="905" /></a><figcaption>Prince Edward with his staff all wearing kimono during the Pacific visit to Japan in 1922. (Mountbatten standing, first from left). The <a href="/wiki/Rising_Sun_Flag" title="Rising Sun Flag">Rising Sun Flag</a> in the background.</figcaption></figure> Mountbatten was posted to the battlecruiser <a href="/wiki/HMS_Renown_(1916)" title="HMS Renown (1916)">HMS Renown</a> in March 1920 and accompanied <a href="/wiki/Edward_VIII" title="Edward VIII">Edward, Prince of Wales</a>, on a royal tour of Australia in her.<a href="#cite_note-heath184-12">[11]</a> He was promoted lieutenant on 15 April 1920.<a href="#cite_note-17">[16]</a> HMS Renown returned to Portsmouth on 11 October 1920.<a href="#cite_note-Ziegler_1985,_p59-18">[17]</a> Early in 1921 Royal Navy personnel were used for civil defence duties as <a href="/wiki/Triple_Alliance_(1914)#The_Post-War_Triple_Alliance" title="Triple Alliance (1914)">serious industrial unrest</a> seemed imminent. Mountbatten had to command a platoon of stokers, many of whom had never handled a rifle before, in <a href="/wiki/Northern_England" title="Northern England">Northern England</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Ziegler_1985,_p59-18">[17]</a> He transferred to the battlecruiser <a href="/wiki/HMS_Repulse_(1916)" title="HMS Repulse (1916)">HMS Repulse</a> in March 1921 and accompanied the Prince of Wales on a Royal tour of India and Japan.<a href="#cite_note-heath184-12">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-19">[18]</a> <a href="/wiki/Edward_VIII" title="Edward VIII">Edward</a> and Mountbatten formed a close friendship during the trip.<a href="#cite_note-heath184-12">[11]</a> Mountbatten survived the deep defence cuts known as the <a href="/wiki/Geddes_Axe" title="Geddes Axe">Geddes Axe</a>. Fifty-two percent of the officers of his year had had to leave the Royal Navy by the end of 1923; although he was highly regarded by his superiors, it was rumoured that wealthy and well-connected officers were more likely to be retained.<a href="#cite_note-20">[19]</a> Mountbatten was posted to the battleship <a href="/wiki/HMS_Revenge_(06)" title="HMS Revenge (06)">HMS Revenge</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_Fleet" title="Mediterranean Fleet">Mediterranean Fleet</a> in January 1923.<a href="#cite_note-heath184-12">[11]</a> Pursuing his interests in technological development and gadgetry, Mountbatten joined the Portsmouth Signals School in August 1924 and then went on briefly to study electronics at the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Naval_College,_Greenwich" title="Royal Naval College, Greenwich">Royal Naval College, Greenwich</a>.<a href="#cite_note-heath184-12">[11]</a> Mountbatten became a Member of the Institution of Electrical Engineers (<a href="/wiki/Institution_of_Electrical_Engineers" title="Institution of Electrical Engineers">IEE</a>), now the Institution of Engineering and Technology (<a href="/wiki/Institution_of_Engineering_and_Technology" title="Institution of Engineering and Technology">IET</a>).<a href="#cite_note-medal-21">[20]</a> He was posted to the battleship <a href="/wiki/HMS_Centurion_(1911)" title="HMS Centurion (1911)">HMS Centurion</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Reserve_Fleet_(United_Kingdom)" title="Reserve Fleet (United Kingdom)">Reserve Fleet</a> in 1926 and became Assistant Fleet Wireless and Signals Officer of the Mediterranean Fleet under the command of Admiral <a href="/wiki/Sir_Roger_Keyes" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir Roger Keyes">Sir Roger Keyes</a> in January 1927.<a href="#cite_note-heath184-12">[11]</a> Promoted <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_commander_(Royal_Navy)" title="Lieutenant commander (Royal Navy)">lieutenant commander</a> on 15 April 1928,<a href="#cite_note-22">[21]</a> Mountbatten returned to the Signals School in July 1929 as Senior Wireless Instructor.<a href="#cite_note-heath184-12">[11]</a> He was appointed Fleet Wireless Officer to the <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_Fleet" title="Mediterranean Fleet">Mediterranean Fleet</a> in August 1931 and, having been promoted <a href="/wiki/Commander" title="Commander">commander</a> on 31 December 1932,<a href="#cite_note-23">[22]</a> was posted to the battleship <a href="/wiki/HMS_Resolution_(09)" title="HMS Resolution (09)">HMS Resolution</a>.<a href="#cite_note-heath184-12">[11]</a> In 1934, Mountbatten was appointed to his first command – the destroyer <a href="/wiki/HMS_Daring_(H16)" title="HMS Daring (H16)">HMS Daring</a>.<a href="#cite_note-heath184-12">[11]</a> His ship was a new destroyer, which he was to sail to Singapore and exchange for an older ship, <a href="/wiki/HMS_Wishart" title="HMS Wishart">HMS Wishart</a>.<a href="#cite_note-heath184-12">[11]</a> He successfully brought Wishart back to port in Malta and then attended the <a href="/wiki/Funeral_of_George_V" class="mw-redirect" title="Funeral of George V">funeral of George V</a> in January 1936.<a href="#cite_note-24">[23]</a> Mountbatten was appointed a personal naval <a href="/wiki/Aide-de-camp" title="Aide-de-camp">aide-de-camp</a> to <a href="/wiki/King_Edward_VIII" class="mw-redirect" title="King Edward VIII">King Edward VIII</a> on 23 June 1936<a href="#cite_note-25">[24]</a> and, having joined the Naval Air Division of the <a href="/wiki/British_Admiralty" class="mw-redirect" title="British Admiralty">Admiralty</a> in July 1936,<a href="#cite_note-Zuckerman-26">[25]</a> he attended the <a href="/wiki/Coronation_of_King_George_VI_and_Queen_Elizabeth" class="mw-redirect" title="Coronation of King George VI and Queen Elizabeth">coronation of King George VI and Queen Elizabeth</a> in May 1937.<a href="#cite_note-27">[26]</a> Mountbatten was promoted <a href="/wiki/Captain_(Royal_Navy)" title="Captain (Royal Navy)">captain</a> on 30 June 1937<a href="#cite_note-28">[27]</a> and was then given command of the destroyer <a href="/wiki/HMS_Kelly_(F01)" title="HMS Kelly (F01)">HMS Kelly</a> in June 1939.<a href="#cite_note-heath185-29">[28]</a> Within the Admiralty, Mountbatten was called "The Master of Disaster" for his penchant of getting into messes.<a href="#cite_note-30">[29]</a><a href="#cite_note-31">[30]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Second_World_War">Second World War</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lord_Mountbatten&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Second World War">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rear_Admiral_Lord_Louis_Mountbatten_H17387.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Rear_Admiral_Lord_Louis_Mountbatten_H17387.jpg/220px-Rear_Admiral_Lord_Louis_Mountbatten_H17387.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="218" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Rear_Admiral_Lord_Louis_Mountbatten_H17387.jpg/330px-Rear_Admiral_Lord_Louis_Mountbatten_H17387.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Rear_Admiral_Lord_Louis_Mountbatten_H17387.jpg/440px-Rear_Admiral_Lord_Louis_Mountbatten_H17387.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="794" /></a><figcaption>Mountbatten inspecting sailors before the <a href="/wiki/Operation_Biting" title="Operation Biting">Bruneval Raid</a>, February 1942</figcaption></figure> When war broke out in September 1939, Mountbatten became Captain (D) (commander) of the <a href="/wiki/5th_Destroyer_Flotilla" title="5th Destroyer Flotilla">5th Destroyer Flotilla</a> aboard HMS Kelly, which became famous for its exploits.<a href="#cite_note-Zuckerman-26">[25]</a> In late 1939 he brought <a href="/wiki/The_Duke_of_Windsor" class="mw-redirect" title="The Duke of Windsor">the Duke of Windsor</a> back from exile in France and in early May 1940 Mountbatten led a British convoy in through the fog to evacuate the Allied forces participating in the <a href="/wiki/Namsos_Campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Namsos Campaign">Namsos Campaign</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Norwegian Campaign">Norwegian Campaign</a>.<a href="#cite_note-heath185-29">[28]</a> On the night of 9–10 May 1940, Kelly was torpedoed amidships by a German <a href="/wiki/E-boat" title="E-boat">E-boat</a> S 31 off the Dutch coast, and Mountbatten thereafter commanded the 5th Destroyer Flotilla from the destroyer <a href="/wiki/HMS_Javelin" title="HMS Javelin">HMS Javelin</a>.<a href="#cite_note-heath185-29">[28]</a> On 29 November 1940 the 5th Flotilla engaged three German destroyers off <a href="/wiki/Lizard_Point,_Cornwall" title="Lizard Point, Cornwall">Lizard Point, Cornwall</a>. Mountbatten turned to port to match a German course change. This was "a rather disastrous move as the <a href="/wiki/Director_(military)#For_warships" title="Director (military)">directors</a> swung off and lost target"<a href="#cite_note-32">[31]</a> and it resulted in Javelin being struck by two torpedoes. He rejoined Kelly in December 1940, by which time the torpedo damage had been repaired.<a href="#cite_note-heath185-29">[28]</a> Kelly was sunk by German <a href="/wiki/Dive_bomber" title="Dive bomber">dive bombers</a> on 23 May 1941 during the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Crete" title="Battle of Crete">Battle of Crete</a>;<a href="#cite_note-heath186-33">[32]</a> the incident serving as the basis for <a href="/wiki/No%C3%ABl_Coward" title="Noël Coward">Noël Coward</a>'s film <a href="/wiki/In_Which_We_Serve" title="In Which We Serve">In Which We Serve</a>.<a href="#cite_note-34">[33]</a> Coward was a personal friend of Mountbatten and copied some of his speeches into the film.<a href="#cite_note-heath186-33">[32]</a> Mountbatten was <a href="/wiki/Mentioned_in_despatches" class="mw-redirect" title="Mentioned in despatches">mentioned in despatches</a> on 9 August 1940<a href="#cite_note-35">[34]</a> and 21 March 1941<a href="#cite_note-36">[35]</a> and awarded the <a href="/wiki/Distinguished_Service_Order" title="Distinguished Service Order">Distinguished Service Order</a> in January 1941.<a href="#cite_note-dso-37">[36]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mountbatten_Short_and_Kimmel_in_Hawaii_1941.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Mountbatten_Short_and_Kimmel_in_Hawaii_1941.jpg/220px-Mountbatten_Short_and_Kimmel_in_Hawaii_1941.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Mountbatten_Short_and_Kimmel_in_Hawaii_1941.jpg/330px-Mountbatten_Short_and_Kimmel_in_Hawaii_1941.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Mountbatten_Short_and_Kimmel_in_Hawaii_1941.jpg/440px-Mountbatten_Short_and_Kimmel_in_Hawaii_1941.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="415" /></a><figcaption>(Front row, L–R) <a href="/wiki/Walter_Short" title="Walter Short">Walter Short</a>, Mountbatten and <a href="/wiki/Husband_E._Kimmel" title="Husband E. Kimmel">Husband E. Kimmel</a> (Back row) <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Martin_(general)" title="Frederick Martin (general)">Frederick Martin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Patrick_Bellinger" class="mw-redirect" title="Patrick Bellinger">Patrick Bellinger</a> in Hawaii 1941</figcaption></figure> In August 1941, Mountbatten was appointed captain of the <a href="/wiki/Aircraft_carrier" title="Aircraft carrier">aircraft carrier</a> <a href="/wiki/HMS_Illustrious_(87)" title="HMS Illustrious (87)">HMS Illustrious</a> which lay in <a href="/wiki/Norfolk,_Virginia" title="Norfolk, Virginia">Norfolk, Virginia</a>, for repairs following <a href="/wiki/Operation_Pedestal" title="Operation Pedestal">action at Malta</a> in January.<a href="#cite_note-heath186-33">[32]</a> During this period of relative inactivity, he paid a flying visit to <a href="/wiki/Pearl_Harbor" title="Pearl Harbor">Pearl Harbor</a>, three months before the <a href="/wiki/Attack_on_Pearl_Harbor" title="Attack on Pearl Harbor">Japanese attack on it</a>. Mountbatten, appalled at the US naval base's lack of preparedness, drawing on Japan's history of launching wars with surprise attacks as well as the successful British surprise attack at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Taranto" title="Battle of Taranto">Battle of Taranto</a> which had effectively knocked Italy's fleet out of the war, and the sheer effectiveness of aircraft against warships, accurately predicted that the US would enter the war after a Japanese surprise attack on Pearl Harbor.<a href="#cite_note-heath186-33">[32]</a><a href="#cite_note-38">[37]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-S68745,_Konferenz_von_Casablanca.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-S68745%2C_Konferenz_von_Casablanca.jpg/220px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-S68745%2C_Konferenz_von_Casablanca.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-S68745%2C_Konferenz_von_Casablanca.jpg/330px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-S68745%2C_Konferenz_von_Casablanca.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-S68745%2C_Konferenz_von_Casablanca.jpg/440px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-S68745%2C_Konferenz_von_Casablanca.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="535" /></a><figcaption>Clockwise from lower right, <a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Franklin D. Roosevelt</a>, Winston Churchill, <a href="/wiki/Hastings_Ismay,_1st_Baron_Ismay" title="Hastings Ismay, 1st Baron Ismay">Sir Hastings 'Pug' Ismay</a>, Mountbatten: January 1943 at the <a href="/wiki/Casablanca_conference" class="mw-redirect" title="Casablanca conference">Casablanca conference</a></figcaption></figure> Mountbatten was a favourite of <a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill">Winston Churchill</a>.<a href="#cite_note-39">[38]</a> On 27 October 1941, Mountbatten replaced <a href="/wiki/Admiral_of_the_Fleet_(Royal_Navy)" title="Admiral of the Fleet (Royal Navy)">Admiral of the Fleet</a> <a href="/wiki/Sir_Roger_Keyes" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir Roger Keyes">Sir Roger Keyes</a> as Chief of <a href="/wiki/Combined_Operations_Headquarters" title="Combined Operations Headquarters">Combined Operations Headquarters</a> and was promoted to <a href="/wiki/Commodore_(rank)" title="Commodore (rank)">commodore</a>.<a href="#cite_note-heath186-33">[32]</a> His duties in this role included inventing new technical aids to assist with opposed landings.<a href="#cite_note-Zuckerman-26">[25]</a> Noteworthy technical achievements of Mountbatten and his staff include the construction of <a href="/wiki/Operation_Pluto" title="Operation Pluto">"PLUTO", an underwater oil pipeline to Normandy</a>, an artificial <a href="/wiki/Mulberry_harbour" class="mw-redirect" title="Mulberry harbour">Mulberry harbour</a> constructed of concrete caissons and sunken ships, and the development of <a href="/wiki/Landing_Ship,_Tank" title="Landing Ship, Tank">tank-landing ships</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Zuckerman-26">[25]</a> Another project Mountbatten proposed to Churchill was <a href="/wiki/Project_Habakkuk" title="Project Habakkuk">Project Habakkuk</a>. It was to be an unsinkable 600-metre aircraft carrier made from reinforced ice ("<a href="/wiki/Pykrete" title="Pykrete">Pykrete</a>"); Habakkuk was never carried out due to its enormous cost.<a href="#cite_note-Zuckerman-26">[25]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Admiral_Lord_Louis_Mountbatten,_1943._TR1230_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Admiral_Lord_Louis_Mountbatten%2C_1943._TR1230_%28cropped%29.jpg/170px-Admiral_Lord_Louis_Mountbatten%2C_1943._TR1230_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Admiral_Lord_Louis_Mountbatten%2C_1943._TR1230_%28cropped%29.jpg/255px-Admiral_Lord_Louis_Mountbatten%2C_1943._TR1230_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Admiral_Lord_Louis_Mountbatten%2C_1943._TR1230_%28cropped%29.jpg/340px-Admiral_Lord_Louis_Mountbatten%2C_1943._TR1230_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="642" data-file-height="856" /></a><figcaption>Mountbatten in 1943</figcaption></figure> As commander of Combined Operations, Mountbatten and his staff planned the highly successful <a href="/wiki/Bruneval_raid" class="mw-redirect" title="Bruneval raid">Bruneval raid</a>, which gained important information and captured part of a German <a href="/wiki/W%C3%BCrzburg_radar" title="Würzburg radar">Würzburg radar</a> installation and one of the machine's technicians on 27 February 1942. It was Mountbatten who recognised that surprise and speed were essential to capture the radar, and saw that an airborne assault was the only viable method.<a href="#cite_note-40">[39]</a> On 18 March 1942, he was promoted to the <a href="/wiki/Acting_rank" title="Acting rank">acting rank</a> of <a href="/wiki/Vice_admiral_(Royal_Navy)" class="mw-redirect" title="Vice admiral (Royal Navy)">vice admiral</a> and given the <a href="/wiki/Honorary_rank" class="mw-redirect" title="Honorary rank">honorary ranks</a> of <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant-general_(United_Kingdom)" title="Lieutenant-general (United Kingdom)">lieutenant general</a><a href="#cite_note-41">[40]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Air_marshal" title="Air marshal">air marshal</a> to have the authority to carry out his duties in Combined Operations; and, despite the misgivings of <a href="/wiki/General_(United_Kingdom)" title="General (United Kingdom)">General</a> <a href="/wiki/Alan_Brooke,_1st_Viscount_Alanbrooke" title="Alan Brooke, 1st Viscount Alanbrooke">Sir Alan Brooke</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Chief_of_the_Imperial_General_Staff" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief of the Imperial General Staff">Chief of the Imperial General Staff</a>,<a href="#cite_note-42">[41]</a> Mountbatten was placed in the <a href="/wiki/Chiefs_of_Staff_Committee" title="Chiefs of Staff Committee">Chiefs of Staff Committee</a>.<a href="#cite_note-43">[42]</a> He was in large part responsible for the planning and organisation of the <a href="/wiki/St_Nazaire_Raid" title="St Nazaire Raid">St Nazaire Raid</a> on 28 March, which put out of action one of the most heavily defended docks in Nazi-occupied France until well after the war's end, the ramifications of which contributed to allied supremacy in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Atlantic" title="Battle of the Atlantic">Battle of the Atlantic</a>. After these two successes came the <a href="/wiki/Dieppe_Raid" title="Dieppe Raid">Dieppe Raid</a> of 19 August 1942. He was central in the planning and promotion of the raid on the port of <a href="/wiki/Dieppe" title="Dieppe">Dieppe</a>. The raid was a marked failure, with casualties of almost 60%, the great majority of them Canadians.<a href="#cite_note-heath186-33">[32]</a> Following the Dieppe Raid, Mountbatten became a controversial figure in Canada, with the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Canadian_Legion" title="Royal Canadian Legion">Royal Canadian Legion</a> distancing itself from him during his visits there during his later career.<a href="#cite_note-villa-44">[43]</a> His relations with Canadian veterans, who blamed him for the losses, "remained frosty" after the war.<a href="#cite_note-45">[44]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SE_000014_Mountbatten_as_SACSEA_during_Arakan_tour.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/SE_000014_Mountbatten_as_SACSEA_during_Arakan_tour.jpg/170px-SE_000014_Mountbatten_as_SACSEA_during_Arakan_tour.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="245" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/SE_000014_Mountbatten_as_SACSEA_during_Arakan_tour.jpg/255px-SE_000014_Mountbatten_as_SACSEA_during_Arakan_tour.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/SE_000014_Mountbatten_as_SACSEA_during_Arakan_tour.jpg/340px-SE_000014_Mountbatten_as_SACSEA_during_Arakan_tour.jpg 2x" data-file-width="556" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption>Mountbatten during his tour of the <a href="/wiki/Arakan_Campaign_1942-43" class="mw-redirect" title="Arakan Campaign 1942-43">Arakan Front</a> in Burma in February 1944</figcaption></figure> Mountbatten claimed that the lessons learned from the Dieppe Raid were necessary for planning the Normandy invasion on <a href="/wiki/D-Day" class="mw-redirect" title="D-Day">D-Day</a> nearly two years later. However, military historians such as <a href="/wiki/Major-General_(United_Kingdom)" class="mw-redirect" title="Major-General (United Kingdom)">Major-General</a> <a href="/wiki/Julian_Thompson_(Royal_Marines_officer)" title="Julian Thompson (Royal Marines officer)">Julian Thompson</a>, a former member of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Marines" title="Royal Marines">Royal Marines</a>, have written that these lessons should not have needed a debacle such as Dieppe to be recognised.<a href="#cite_note-Thompson-46">[45]</a> Nevertheless, as a direct result of the failings of the Dieppe Raid, the British made several innovations, most notably <a href="/wiki/Hobart%27s_Funnies" title="Hobart's Funnies">Hobart's Funnies</a> – specialised armoured vehicles which, in the course of the <a href="/wiki/Normandy_Landings" class="mw-redirect" title="Normandy Landings">Normandy Landings</a>, undoubtedly saved many lives on those three beachheads upon which Commonwealth soldiers were landing (<a href="/wiki/Gold_Beach" title="Gold Beach">Gold Beach</a>, <a href="/wiki/Juno_Beach" title="Juno Beach">Juno Beach</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sword_Beach" title="Sword Beach">Sword Beach</a>).<a href="#cite_note-47">[46]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="SEAC_and_Burma_campaign">SEAC and Burma campaign</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lord_Mountbatten&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: SEAC and Burma campaign">edit</a>]</div> In August 1943, Churchill appointed Mountbatten the Supreme Allied Commander <a href="/wiki/South_East_Asia_Command" title="South East Asia Command">South East Asia Command</a> (SEAC) with promotion to acting full <a href="/wiki/Admiral" title="Admiral">admiral</a>.<a href="#cite_note-heath186-33">[32]</a> His less practical ideas were sidelined by an experienced planning staff led by Lieutenant-Colonel <a href="/wiki/James_Allason" title="James Allason">James Allason</a>, though some, such as a proposal to launch an amphibious assault near <a href="/wiki/Rangoon" class="mw-redirect" title="Rangoon">Rangoon</a>, got as far as Churchill before being quashed.<a href="#cite_note-48">[47]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mountbatten_address,_Singapore_1945.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Mountbatten_address%2C_Singapore_1945.jpg/170px-Mountbatten_address%2C_Singapore_1945.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Mountbatten_address%2C_Singapore_1945.jpg/255px-Mountbatten_address%2C_Singapore_1945.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Mountbatten_address%2C_Singapore_1945.jpg/340px-Mountbatten_address%2C_Singapore_1945.jpg 2x" data-file-width="605" data-file-height="799" /></a><figcaption>Mountbatten's address on the steps of Singapore's <a href="/wiki/City_Hall,_Singapore" class="mw-redirect" title="City Hall, Singapore">Municipal Building</a> after the surrender</figcaption></figure> British interpreter <a href="/wiki/Hugh_Lunghi" title="Hugh Lunghi">Hugh Lunghi</a> recounted an embarrassing episode during the <a href="/wiki/Potsdam_Conference" title="Potsdam Conference">Potsdam Conference</a> when Mountbatten, desiring to receive an invitation to visit the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a>, repeatedly attempted to impress <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Stalin" title="Joseph Stalin">Joseph Stalin</a> with his former connections to the <a href="/wiki/Russian_imperial_family" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian imperial family">Russian imperial family</a>. The attempt fell predictably flat, with Stalin dryly inquiring whether "it was some time ago that he had been there". Says Lunghi, "The meeting was embarrassing because Stalin was so unimpressed. He offered no invitation. Mountbatten left with his tail between his legs."<a href="#cite_note-49">[48]</a> During his time as Supreme Allied Commander of the Southeast Asia Theatre, his command oversaw the <a href="/wiki/Burma_Campaign_1944%E2%80%9345" class="mw-redirect" title="Burma Campaign 1944–45">recapture of Burma</a> from the Japanese by <a href="/wiki/General_(United_Kingdom)" title="General (United Kingdom)">General</a> <a href="/wiki/Sir_William_Slim" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir William Slim">Sir William Slim</a>.<a href="#cite_note-heath187-50">[49]</a> A personal high point was the receipt of the Japanese surrender in Singapore when British troops returned to the island to receive the formal surrender of Japanese forces in the region led by General <a href="/wiki/Itagaki_Seishiro" class="mw-redirect" title="Itagaki Seishiro">Itagaki Seishiro</a> on 12 September 1945, codenamed <a href="/wiki/Operation_Tiderace" title="Operation Tiderace">Operation Tiderace</a>.<a href="#cite_note-51">[50]</a> South East Asia Command was disbanded in May 1946 and Mountbatten returned home with the substantive rank of <a href="/wiki/Rear_admiral_(Royal_Navy)" title="Rear admiral (Royal Navy)"> rear-admiral</a>.<a href="#cite_note-heath188-52">[51]</a> That year, he was made a <a href="/wiki/Knight_of_the_Garter" class="mw-redirect" title="Knight of the Garter">Knight Companion of the Garter</a> and created Viscount Mountbatten of Burma, of <a href="/wiki/Romsey" title="Romsey">Romsey</a> in the <a href="/wiki/County_of_Southampton" class="mw-redirect" title="County of Southampton">County of Southampton</a>, as a <a href="/wiki/Victory_title#British_Empire" title="Victory title">victory title</a> for war service. He was then in 1947 further created Earl Mountbatten of Burma and Baron Romsey, of Romsey in the County of Southampton.<a href="#cite_note-53">[52]</a><a href="#cite_note-auto-54">[53]</a> Following the war, Mountbatten was known to have largely shunned the Japanese for the rest of his life out of respect for his men killed during the war and, as per his will, Japan was not invited to send diplomatic representatives to his funeral in 1979, though he did meet Emperor <a href="/wiki/Hirohito" title="Hirohito">Hirohito</a> during his state visit to Britain in 1971, reportedly at the urging of the Queen.<a href="#cite_note-55">[54]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Viceroy_of_India">Viceroy of India</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lord_Mountbatten&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Viceroy of India">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Partition_of_India" title="Partition of India">Partition of India</a></div> Mountbatten's experience in the region and in particular his perceived <a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Labour Party (UK)">Labour</a> sympathies at that time, alongside his wife's longstanding friendship and collaboration with <a href="/wiki/V._K._Krishna_Menon" title="V. K. Krishna Menon">V. K. Krishna Menon</a>, led to Menon putting forth Mountbatten's name alone as a viceregal candidate acceptable to the <a href="/wiki/Indian_National_Congress" title="Indian National Congress">Indian National Congress</a>, in clandestine meetings with Sir <a href="/wiki/Stafford_Cripps" title="Stafford Cripps">Stafford Cripps</a> and <a href="/wiki/Clement_Attlee" title="Clement Attlee">Clement Attlee</a>.<a href="#cite_note-56">[55]</a> Attlee advised <a href="/wiki/King_George_VI" class="mw-redirect" title="King George VI">King George VI</a> to appoint Mountbatten <a href="/wiki/Viceroy_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Viceroy of India">Viceroy of India</a> on 20 February 1947<a href="#cite_note-57">[56]</a><a href="#cite_note-58">[57]</a> charged with overseeing the transition of British India to independence no later than 30 June 1948. Mountbatten's instructions were to avoid partition and preserve a united India as a result of the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Independence_Act_1947" title="Indian Independence Act 1947">transfer of power</a> but authorised him to adapt to a changing situation in order to get Britain out promptly with minimal reputational damage.<a href="#cite_note-Ziegler359-59">[58]</a><a href="#cite_note-60">[59]</a> Mountbatten arrived in India on 22 March by air, from <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>. In the evening, he was taken to <a href="/wiki/Rashtrapati_Bhavan" title="Rashtrapati Bhavan">his residence</a> and two days later, he took the Viceregal oath. His arrival saw large-scale communal riots in <a href="/wiki/Delhi" title="Delhi">Delhi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bombay" class="mw-redirect" title="Bombay">Bombay</a> and <a href="/wiki/1947_Rawalpindi_massacres" title="1947 Rawalpindi massacres">Rawalpindi</a>. Mountbatten concluded that the situation was too volatile to wait even a year before granting independence to India. Although his advisers favoured a gradual transfer of independence, Mountbatten decided the only way forward was a quick and orderly transfer of power before 1947 was out. In his view, any longer would mean civil war.<a href="#cite_note-White2012-61">[60]</a> Mountbatten also hurried so he could return to the Royal Navy.<a href="#cite_note-62">[61]</a><a href="#cite_note-SarJinna-63">[62]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:408px;max-width:408px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Mountbatten_visiting_Sardar.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Mountbatten_visiting_Sardar.jpg/200px-Mountbatten_visiting_Sardar.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d0/Mountbatten_visiting_Sardar.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="206" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">Lord and Lady Mountbatten at <a href="/wiki/Mussoorie" title="Mussoorie">Mussoorie</a> with Congress leader <a href="/wiki/Sardar_Patel" class="mw-redirect" title="Sardar Patel">Sardar Patel</a>, his daughter <a href="/wiki/Manibehn_Patel" class="mw-redirect" title="Manibehn Patel">Manibehn Patel</a> and Nehru in the background</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Mountbattens_with_Gandhi_(IND_5298).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Mountbattens_with_Gandhi_%28IND_5298%29.jpg/200px-Mountbattens_with_Gandhi_%28IND_5298%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Mountbattens_with_Gandhi_%28IND_5298%29.jpg/300px-Mountbattens_with_Gandhi_%28IND_5298%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Mountbattens_with_Gandhi_%28IND_5298%29.jpg/400px-Mountbattens_with_Gandhi_%28IND_5298%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="781" data-file-height="600" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">Lord and Lady Mountbatten with <a href="/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi" title="Mahatma Gandhi">Mahatma Gandhi</a>, 1947</div></div></div></div></div> Mountbatten was fond of <a href="/wiki/Indian_National_Congress" title="Indian National Congress">Congress</a> leader <a href="/wiki/Jawaharlal_Nehru" title="Jawaharlal Nehru">Jawaharlal Nehru</a> and his liberal outlook for the country, and, through the efforts of their close mutual friend, <a href="/wiki/Krishna_Menon" class="mw-redirect" title="Krishna Menon">Krishna Menon</a>, developed a certain depth of feeling and intimacy with both Nehru that was shared by his wife, Edwina. He felt differently about the <a href="/wiki/All_India_Muslim_League" class="mw-redirect" title="All India Muslim League">Muslim League</a> leader <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Ali_Jinnah" title="Muhammad Ali Jinnah">Muhammad Ali Jinnah</a>, but was aware of his power, stating "If it could be said that any single man held the future of India in the palm of his hand in 1947, that man was Mohammad Ali Jinnah."<a href="#cite_note-SarJinna-63">[62]</a> During his meeting with Jinnah on 5 April 1947,<a href="#cite_note-64">[63]</a> Mountbatten tried to persuade him of a united India, citing the difficult task of dividing the mixed states of <a href="/wiki/Punjab_Province_(British_India)" title="Punjab Province (British India)">Punjab</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bengal_Presidency" title="Bengal Presidency">Bengal</a>, but the Muslim leader was unyielding in his goal of establishing a <a href="/wiki/Muslim_nationalism_in_South_Asia" title="Muslim nationalism in South Asia">separate Muslim state</a> <a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Movement" title="Pakistan Movement">called Pakistan</a>.<a href="#cite_note-65">[64]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lord_Mountbatten_meets_Nehru,_Jinnah_and_other_Leaders_to_plan_Partition_of_India.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Lord_Mountbatten_meets_Nehru%2C_Jinnah_and_other_Leaders_to_plan_Partition_of_India.jpg/220px-Lord_Mountbatten_meets_Nehru%2C_Jinnah_and_other_Leaders_to_plan_Partition_of_India.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Lord_Mountbatten_meets_Nehru%2C_Jinnah_and_other_Leaders_to_plan_Partition_of_India.jpg/330px-Lord_Mountbatten_meets_Nehru%2C_Jinnah_and_other_Leaders_to_plan_Partition_of_India.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Lord_Mountbatten_meets_Nehru%2C_Jinnah_and_other_Leaders_to_plan_Partition_of_India.jpg/440px-Lord_Mountbatten_meets_Nehru%2C_Jinnah_and_other_Leaders_to_plan_Partition_of_India.jpg 2x" data-file-width="499" data-file-height="316" /></a><figcaption>Mountbatten meeting with <a href="/wiki/Jawaharlal_Nehru" title="Jawaharlal Nehru">Jawaharlal Nehru</a> (left) and <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Ali_Jinnah" title="Muhammad Ali Jinnah">Muhammad Ali Jinnah</a> (right) in discussing the partition of British India, 1947.</figcaption></figure> Given the British government's recommendations to grant independence quickly, Mountbatten concluded that a united India was an unachievable goal and resigned himself to a plan for partition, creating the independent nations of India and Pakistan.<a href="#cite_note-Zuckerman-26">[25]</a> Mountbatten set a date for the transfer of power from the British to the Indians, arguing that a fixed timeline would convince Indians of his and the British government's sincerity in working towards a swift and efficient independence, excluding all possibilities of stalling the process.<a href="#cite_note-Ziegler355-66">[65]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:204px;max-width:204px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Mountbatten_Proposed_Flag_of_India.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Mountbatten_Proposed_Flag_of_India.svg/200px-Mountbatten_Proposed_Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Mountbatten_Proposed_Flag_of_India.svg/300px-Mountbatten_Proposed_Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Mountbatten_Proposed_Flag_of_India.svg/400px-Mountbatten_Proposed_Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">Mountbatten's proposed flag for India, consisting of the flag of the Indian National Congress <a href="/wiki/Defacement_(flag)" title="Defacement (flag)">defaced</a> with a Union Jack in the canton. It was rejected by Nehru, as he felt that the more extremist members of Congress would see the inclusion of the Union Jack on an Indian flag as pandering to the British.<a href="#cite_note-crwflags1996-67">[66]</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Mountbatten_Proposed_Flag_of_Pakistan.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Mountbatten_Proposed_Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/200px-Mountbatten_Proposed_Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Mountbatten_Proposed_Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/300px-Mountbatten_Proposed_Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Mountbatten_Proposed_Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/400px-Mountbatten_Proposed_Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">Mountbatten's proposed flag for Pakistan, consisting of the flag of the Muslim League <a href="/wiki/Defacement_(flag)" title="Defacement (flag)">defaced</a> with a Union Jack in the canton. It was rejected by Jinnah, as he felt that a flag featuring a Christian Cross alongside the Islamic Crescent would be unacceptable to the Muslims of Pakistan.<a href="#cite_note-crwflags1996-67">[66]</a></div></div></div></div></div> Among the Indian leaders, <a href="/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi" title="Mahatma Gandhi">Mahatma Gandhi</a> emphatically insisted on maintaining a <a href="/wiki/Opposition_to_the_Partition_of_India" title="Opposition to the Partition of India">united India</a> and for a while successfully rallied people to this goal. During his meeting with Mountbatten, Gandhi asked Mountbatten to invite Jinnah to form a new central government, but Mountbatten never uttered a word of Gandhi's ideas to Jinnah.<a href="#cite_note-68">[67]</a> When Mountbatten's timeline offered the prospect of attaining independence soon, sentiments took a different turn. Given Mountbatten's determination, Nehru and <a href="/wiki/Sardar_Patel" class="mw-redirect" title="Sardar Patel">Sardar Patel</a>'s inability to deal with the Muslim League and, lastly, Jinnah's obstinacy, all <a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_India" title="List of political parties in India">Indian party leaders</a> (except Gandhi) acquiesced to Jinnah's plan to divide India,<a href="#cite_note-Ziegler373-69">[68]</a> which in turn eased Mountbatten's task. Mountbatten also developed a strong relationship with the <a href="/wiki/Princely_state" title="Princely state">Indian princes</a>, who ruled those portions of India not directly under British rule. His intervention was decisive in persuading the vast majority of them to see advantages in opting to join the <a href="/wiki/Dominion_of_India" title="Dominion of India">Indian Union</a>.<a href="#cite_note-70">[69]</a> On one hand, the integration of the princely states can be viewed as one of the positive aspects of his legacy<a href="#cite_note-71">[70]</a> but on the other, the refusal of <a href="/wiki/Hyderabad_State" title="Hyderabad State">Hyderabad</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jammu_and_Kashmir_(princely_state)" title="Jammu and Kashmir (princely state)">Jammu and Kashmir</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Junagadh_State" title="Junagadh State">Junagadh</a> to join one of the dominions led to future <a href="/wiki/Indo-Pakistani_wars_and_conflicts" title="Indo-Pakistani wars and conflicts">wars</a> between Pakistan and India.<a href="#cite_note-72">[71]</a> Mountbatten brought forward the date of the partition from June 1948 to 15 August 1947.<a href="#cite_note-73">[72]</a> The uncertainty of the borders caused <a href="/wiki/Islam_in_South_Asia" title="Islam in South Asia">Muslims</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hindus" title="Hindus">Hindus</a> to move into the direction where they felt they would get the majority. Hindus and Muslims were thoroughly terrified, and the Muslim movement from the East was balanced by the similar movement of Hindus from the West.<a href="#cite_note-74">[73]</a> A boundary committee chaired by <a href="/wiki/Sir_Cyril_Radcliffe" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir Cyril Radcliffe">Sir Cyril Radcliffe</a> was charged with drawing boundaries for the new nations. With a mandate to leave as many Hindus and <a href="/wiki/Sikhs" title="Sikhs">Sikhs</a> in India and as many Muslims in Pakistan as possible, Radcliffe came up with a map that split the two countries along the Punjab and Bengal borders. This left 14 million people on the "wrong" side of the border, and very many of them fled to "safety" on the other side when the new lines were announced.<a href="#cite_note-White2012-61">[60]</a><a href="#cite_note-75">[74]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Independence_of_India_and_Pakistan">Independence of India and Pakistan</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lord_Mountbatten&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Independence of India and Pakistan">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lord_Mountbatten_swears_in_Jawaharlal_Nehru_as_the_first_Prime_Minister_of_free_India_on_Aug_15,_1947.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Lord_Mountbatten_swears_in_Jawaharlal_Nehru_as_the_first_Prime_Minister_of_free_India_on_Aug_15%2C_1947.jpg/220px-Lord_Mountbatten_swears_in_Jawaharlal_Nehru_as_the_first_Prime_Minister_of_free_India_on_Aug_15%2C_1947.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Lord_Mountbatten_swears_in_Jawaharlal_Nehru_as_the_first_Prime_Minister_of_free_India_on_Aug_15%2C_1947.jpg/330px-Lord_Mountbatten_swears_in_Jawaharlal_Nehru_as_the_first_Prime_Minister_of_free_India_on_Aug_15%2C_1947.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Lord_Mountbatten_swears_in_Jawaharlal_Nehru_as_the_first_Prime_Minister_of_free_India_on_Aug_15%2C_1947.jpg/440px-Lord_Mountbatten_swears_in_Jawaharlal_Nehru_as_the_first_Prime_Minister_of_free_India_on_Aug_15%2C_1947.jpg 2x" data-file-width="667" data-file-height="406" /></a><figcaption>Mountbatten with <a href="/wiki/Jawaharlal_Nehru" title="Jawaharlal Nehru">Jawaharlal Nehru</a>, the first Prime Minister of sovereign India, in Government House. Lady Mountbatten is standing to their left.</figcaption></figure> When India and Pakistan attained independence at midnight of 14–15 August 1947, Mountbatten was alone in his study at the Viceroy's house saying to himself just before the clock struck midnight that for still a few minutes, he was the most powerful man on Earth. At 12 am, as a last act of showmanship, he created <a href="/wiki/Joan_Falkiner" title="Joan Falkiner">Joan Falkiner</a>, the Australian wife of the Nawab of <a href="/wiki/Palanpur_State" title="Palanpur State">Palanpur</a>, a highness, an act that was apparently one of his favourite duties that was annulled at the stroke of midnight.<a href="#cite_note-76">[75]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mountbatten_Jinnah.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Mountbatten_Jinnah.jpg/220px-Mountbatten_Jinnah.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Mountbatten_Jinnah.jpg/330px-Mountbatten_Jinnah.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Mountbatten_Jinnah.jpg/440px-Mountbatten_Jinnah.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="616" /></a><figcaption>Lord and Lady Mountbatten with <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Ali_Jinnah" title="Muhammad Ali Jinnah">Muhammad Ali Jinnah</a>.</figcaption></figure> Notwithstanding the self-promotion of his own part in Indian independence – notably in the television series The Life and Times of Admiral of the Fleet Lord Mountbatten of Burma, produced by his son-in-law <a href="/wiki/John_Knatchbull,_7th_Baron_Brabourne" title="John Knatchbull, 7th Baron Brabourne">Lord Brabourne</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Freedom_at_Midnight" title="Freedom at Midnight">Freedom at Midnight</a> by <a href="/wiki/Dominique_Lapierre" title="Dominique Lapierre">Dominique Lapierre</a> and <a href="/wiki/Larry_Collins_(writer)" title="Larry Collins (writer)">Larry Collins</a> (of which he was the main quoted source) – his record is seen as very mixed. One common view is that he hastened the process of independence unduly and recklessly, foreseeing vast disruption and loss of life and not wanting this to occur on his watch, but thereby actually helping it to occur (albeit in an indirect manner), especially in Punjab and Bengal.<a href="#cite_note-77">[76]</a> <a href="/wiki/John_Kenneth_Galbraith" title="John Kenneth Galbraith">John Kenneth Galbraith</a>, the Canadian-American <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard University</a> economist, who advised governments of India during the 1950s and was an intimate of Nehru who served as the American ambassador from 1961 to 1963, was a particularly harsh critic of Mountbatten in this regard.<a href="#cite_note-78">[77]</a> However, another view is that the British were forced to expedite the partition process to avoid involvement in a potential civil war with law and order having already broken down and Britain with limited resources after the Second World War.<a href="#cite_note-Lawrence_p_72-79">[78]</a><a href="#cite_note-80">[79]</a> According to historian Lawrence James, Mountbatten was left with no other option but to cut and run, with the alternative being involvement in a potential civil war that would be difficult to get out of.<a href="#cite_note-Lawrence_p_72-79">[78]</a> The creation of Pakistan was never emotionally accepted by many British leaders, among them Mountbatten.<a href="#cite_note-81">[80]</a> Mountbatten clearly expressed his lack of support and faith in the <a href="/wiki/All-India_Muslim_League" title="All-India Muslim League">Muslim League</a>'s idea of Pakistan.<a href="#cite_note-82">[81]</a> <a href="/wiki/Jinnah" class="mw-redirect" title="Jinnah">Jinnah</a> refused Mountbatten's offer to serve as <a href="/wiki/Governor-General_of_Pakistan" title="Governor-General of Pakistan">Governor-General of Pakistan</a>.<a href="#cite_note-83">[82]</a> When Mountbatten was asked by Collins and Lapierre if he would have sabotaged the creation of Pakistan had he known that Jinnah was dying of <a href="/wiki/Tuberculosis" title="Tuberculosis">tuberculosis</a>, he replied, "Most probably".<a href="#cite_note-84">[83]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Governor-General_of_India">Governor-General of India</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lord_Mountbatten&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Governor-General of India">edit</a>]</div> Mountbatten became the first <a href="/wiki/Governor-General_of_India" title="Governor-General of India">Governor-General of independent India</a> on 15 August 1947 upon the request of Indian Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Jawaharlal_Nehru" title="Jawaharlal Nehru">Jawaharlal Nehru</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Life_(magazine)" title="Life (magazine)">Life</a> magazine noted on his reception in India that, "The people gathered in the streets to cheer Mountbatten as no European had ever been cheered before."<a href="#cite_note-Time_Inc-85">[84]</a> During his reign as governor-general until 21 June 1948, he played a significant role in the <a href="/wiki/Political_integration_of_India" title="Political integration of India">political integration of India</a> and persuaded many <a href="/wiki/Princely_states" class="mw-redirect" title="Princely states">princely states</a> to join India.<a href="#cite_note-Sanajaoba223-2">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-heath189-86">[85]</a> On Mountbatten's advice, India took the issue of Kashmir to the newly formed <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a> in January 1948.<a href="#cite_note-87">[86]</a> Accounts differ on the future which Mountbatten desired for Kashmir. Pakistani accounts suggest that Mountbatten favoured the <a href="/wiki/Instrument_of_Accession_(Jammu_and_Kashmir)" title="Instrument of Accession (Jammu and Kashmir)">accession of Kashmir to India</a>, citing his close relationship to Nehru. Mountbatten's own account says that he simply wanted <a href="/wiki/Maharaja_Hari_Singh" class="mw-redirect" title="Maharaja Hari Singh">Maharaja Hari Singh</a> to make up his mind. The viceroy made several attempts to mediate between the Congress leaders, Muhammad Ali Jinnah and Hari Singh on issues relating to the accession of Kashmir, though he was largely unsuccessful in resolving the conflict.<a href="#cite_note-88">[87]</a> After the <a href="/wiki/Indo-Pakistani_war_of_1947%E2%80%931948" title="Indo-Pakistani war of 1947–1948">tribal invasion of Kashmir</a>, it was on his suggestion that India moved to secure the accession of Kashmir from Hari Singh before sending in military forces for his defence.<a href="#cite_note-89">[88]</a> After his tenure as governor-general concluded, Mountbatten continued to enjoy close relations with Nehru and the post-Independence Indian leadership, and was welcomed as a former governor-general of India on subsequent visits to the country, including during an official trip in March 1956. The Pakistani government, by contrast, lacked a positive view of Mountbatten for his perceived hostile attitude towards Pakistan and deemed him <a href="/wiki/Persona_non_grata" title="Persona non grata">persona non grata</a>, barring him from transiting their airspace during the same visit.<a href="#cite_note-90">[89]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Later_career">Later career</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lord_Mountbatten&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Later career">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lord_Louis_Mountbatten_Visits_Malayan_Contingent,_Kensington_Gardens,_London,_England,_UK,_1946_D28023.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Lord_Louis_Mountbatten_Visits_Malayan_Contingent%2C_Kensington_Gardens%2C_London%2C_England%2C_UK%2C_1946_D28023.jpg/220px-Lord_Louis_Mountbatten_Visits_Malayan_Contingent%2C_Kensington_Gardens%2C_London%2C_England%2C_UK%2C_1946_D28023.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Lord_Louis_Mountbatten_Visits_Malayan_Contingent%2C_Kensington_Gardens%2C_London%2C_England%2C_UK%2C_1946_D28023.jpg/330px-Lord_Louis_Mountbatten_Visits_Malayan_Contingent%2C_Kensington_Gardens%2C_London%2C_England%2C_UK%2C_1946_D28023.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Lord_Louis_Mountbatten_Visits_Malayan_Contingent%2C_Kensington_Gardens%2C_London%2C_England%2C_UK%2C_1946_D28023.jpg/440px-Lord_Louis_Mountbatten_Visits_Malayan_Contingent%2C_Kensington_Gardens%2C_London%2C_England%2C_UK%2C_1946_D28023.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="590" /></a><figcaption>Mountbatten inspects Malayan troops in <a href="/wiki/Kensington_Gardens" title="Kensington Gardens">Kensington Gardens</a> in 1946</figcaption></figure> After India, Mountbatten served as commander of the <a href="/wiki/1st_Cruiser_Squadron" title="1st Cruiser Squadron">1st Cruiser Squadron</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_Fleet" title="Mediterranean Fleet">Mediterranean Fleet</a> and, having been granted the <a href="/wiki/Substantive_rank" class="mw-redirect" title="Substantive rank">substantive rank</a> of <a href="/wiki/Vice_admiral_(Royal_Navy)" class="mw-redirect" title="Vice admiral (Royal Navy)">vice-admiral</a> on 22 June 1949,<a href="#cite_note-91">[90]</a> he became Second-in-Command of the Mediterranean Fleet in April 1950.<a href="#cite_note-heath189-86">[85]</a> He became <a href="/wiki/Fourth_Sea_Lord" title="Fourth Sea Lord">Fourth Sea Lord</a> at the Admiralty in June 1950. He then returned to the Mediterranean to serve as Commander-in-Chief, Mediterranean Fleet and <a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a> Commander <a href="/wiki/Allied_Forces_Mediterranean" title="Allied Forces Mediterranean">Allied Forces Mediterranean</a> from June 1952.<a href="#cite_note-heath189-86">[85]</a> He was promoted to the substantive rank of full admiral on 27 February 1953.<a href="#cite_note-92">[91]</a> In March 1953, he was appointed Personal Aide-de-Camp to the Queen.<a href="#cite_note-Oxford-93">[92]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:HMS_Glasgow_Mounbatten.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/HMS_Glasgow_Mounbatten.jpg/170px-HMS_Glasgow_Mounbatten.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="238" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/HMS_Glasgow_Mounbatten.jpg/255px-HMS_Glasgow_Mounbatten.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/HMS_Glasgow_Mounbatten.jpg/340px-HMS_Glasgow_Mounbatten.jpg 2x" data-file-width="572" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption>Mountbatten arrives on board <a href="/wiki/HMS_Glasgow_(C21)" title="HMS Glasgow (C21)">HMS Glasgow</a> at Malta to assume command of the Mediterranean Fleet, 16 May 1952</figcaption></figure> Mountbatten served his final posting at the Admiralty as <a href="/wiki/First_Sea_Lord" title="First Sea Lord">First Sea Lord</a> and Chief of the Naval Staff from April 1955 to July 1959, the position which his father had held some forty years before. This was the first time in Royal Naval history that a father and son had both attained such high office.<a href="#cite_note-harvp|Patton|2005|pp=14–17-94">[93]</a> He was promoted to <a href="/wiki/Admiral_of_the_Fleet_(Royal_Navy)" title="Admiral of the Fleet (Royal Navy)">Admiral of the Fleet</a> on 22 October 1956.<a href="#cite_note-95">[94]</a> In the <a href="/wiki/Suez_Crisis" title="Suez Crisis">Suez Crisis</a> of 1956, Mountbatten strongly advised his old friend Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Eden" title="Anthony Eden">Anthony Eden</a> against the Conservative government's plans to seize the <a href="/wiki/Suez_Canal" title="Suez Canal">Suez Canal</a> in conjunction with France and Israel. He argued that such a move would destabilize the Middle East, undermine the authority of the United Nations, divide the Commonwealth and diminish Britain's global standing. His advice was not taken. Eden insisted that Mountbatten not resign. Instead, he worked hard to prepare the Royal Navy for war with characteristic professionalism and thoroughness.<a href="#cite_note-96">[95]</a><a href="#cite_note-97">[96]</a><a href="#cite_note-98">[97]</a> Despite his military rank, Mountbatten was ignorant as to the physics involved in a nuclear explosion and had to be reassured that the fission reactions from the <a href="/wiki/Bikini_Atoll_tests" class="mw-redirect" title="Bikini Atoll tests">Bikini Atoll tests</a> would not spread through the oceans and blow up the planet.<a href="#cite_note-99">[98]</a> As Mountbatten became more familiar with this new form of weaponry, he increasingly grew opposed to its use in combat. Yet, he realised the potential for nuclear energy, especially with regard to submarines. Mountbatten expressed his feelings towards the use of nuclear weapons in combat in his article "A Military Commander Surveys The Nuclear Arms Race", which was published shortly after his death in International Security in the Winter of 1979–1980.<a href="#cite_note-100">[99]</a> After leaving the Admiralty, Mountbatten took the position of <a href="/wiki/Chief_of_the_Defence_Staff_(United_Kingdom)" title="Chief of the Defence Staff (United Kingdom)">Chief of the Defence Staff</a>.<a href="#cite_note-heath189-86">[85]</a> He served in this post for six years during which he was able to consolidate the three service departments of the military branch into a single <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Defence_(United_Kingdom)" title="Ministry of Defence (United Kingdom)">Ministry of Defence</a>.<a href="#cite_note-heath190-101">[100]</a> <a href="/wiki/Ian_Jacob" title="Ian Jacob">Ian Jacob</a>, co-author of the 1963 Report on the Central Organisation of Defence that served as the basis of these reforms, described Mountbatten as "universally mistrusted in spite of his great qualities".<a href="#cite_note-healey258-102">[101]</a> On their <a href="/wiki/1964_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1964 United Kingdom general election">election in October 1964</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Labour_government,_1964-1970" class="mw-redirect" title="Labour government, 1964-1970">Wilson ministry</a> had to decide whether to renew his appointment the following July. The <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_for_Defence" title="Secretary of State for Defence">Defence Secretary</a>, <a href="/wiki/Denis_Healey" title="Denis Healey">Denis Healey</a>, interviewed the forty most senior officials in the Ministry of Defence; only one, <a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Strong" title="Kenneth Strong">Sir Kenneth Strong</a>, a personal friend of Mountbatten, recommended his reappointment.<a href="#cite_note-healey258-102">[101]</a> "When I told Dickie of my decision not to reappoint him," recalls Healey, "he slapped his thigh and roared with delight; but his eyes told a different story."<a href="#cite_note-healey258-102">[101]</a> Mountbatten was appointed <a href="/wiki/Colonel_of_the_Regiment" class="mw-redirect" title="Colonel of the Regiment">Colonel</a> of <a href="/wiki/Life_Guards_(United_Kingdom)" title="Life Guards (United Kingdom)">The Life Guards</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gold_Stick_in_Waiting" class="mw-redirect" title="Gold Stick in Waiting">Gold Stick in Waiting</a> on 29 January 1965<a href="#cite_note-103">[102]</a> and Life <a href="/wiki/Colonel_commandant#United_Kingdom" title="Colonel commandant">Colonel Commandant</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Marines" title="Royal Marines">Royal Marines</a> the same year.<a href="#cite_note-104">[103]</a> He was <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_the_Isle_of_Wight" class="mw-redirect" title="Governor of the Isle of Wight">Governor of the Isle of Wight</a> from 20 July 1965<a href="#cite_note-105">[104]</a> and then the first <a href="/wiki/Lord_Lieutenant" class="mw-redirect" title="Lord Lieutenant">Lord Lieutenant</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Wight" title="Isle of Wight">Isle of Wight</a> from 1 April 1974.<a href="#cite_note-106">[105]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:KN-C17494._President_John_F._Kennedy_Meets_with_Lord_Louis_Mountbatten.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/KN-C17494._President_John_F._Kennedy_Meets_with_Lord_Louis_Mountbatten.jpg/220px-KN-C17494._President_John_F._Kennedy_Meets_with_Lord_Louis_Mountbatten.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="218" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/KN-C17494._President_John_F._Kennedy_Meets_with_Lord_Louis_Mountbatten.jpg/330px-KN-C17494._President_John_F._Kennedy_Meets_with_Lord_Louis_Mountbatten.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/KN-C17494._President_John_F._Kennedy_Meets_with_Lord_Louis_Mountbatten.jpg/440px-KN-C17494._President_John_F._Kennedy_Meets_with_Lord_Louis_Mountbatten.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="992" /></a><figcaption>Mountbatten with <a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy" title="John F. Kennedy">John F. Kennedy</a> in the Oval Office, Washington, D.C., 11 April 1961</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Louis_Mountbatten_visit_to_Israel_(997009932856605171).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Louis_Mountbatten_visit_to_Israel_%28997009932856605171%29.jpg/220px-Louis_Mountbatten_visit_to_Israel_%28997009932856605171%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="217" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Louis_Mountbatten_visit_to_Israel_%28997009932856605171%29.jpg/330px-Louis_Mountbatten_visit_to_Israel_%28997009932856605171%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Louis_Mountbatten_visit_to_Israel_%28997009932856605171%29.jpg/440px-Louis_Mountbatten_visit_to_Israel_%28997009932856605171%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1558" data-file-height="1534" /></a><figcaption>Louis Mountbatten during a 1967 visit to Israel</figcaption></figure> Mountbatten was elected a <a href="/wiki/Fellow_of_the_Royal_Society" title="Fellow of the Royal Society">Fellow of the Royal Society</a><a href="#cite_note-Zuckerman-26">[25]</a> and had received an honorary doctorate from <a href="/wiki/Heriot-Watt_University" title="Heriot-Watt University">Heriot-Watt University</a> in 1968.<a href="#cite_note-107">[106]</a> In 1969, Mountbatten tried unsuccessfully to persuade his second cousin, the Spanish pretender <a href="/wiki/Infante_Juan,_Count_of_Barcelona" title="Infante Juan, Count of Barcelona">Infante Juan, Count of Barcelona</a>, to ease the eventual accession of his son, <a href="/wiki/Juan_Carlos" class="mw-redirect" title="Juan Carlos">Juan Carlos</a>, to the Spanish throne by signing a declaration of abdication while in exile.<a href="#cite_note-powell-108">[107]</a> The next year Mountbatten attended an official White House dinner during which he took the opportunity to have a 20-minute conversation with <a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon">Richard Nixon</a> and Secretary of State <a href="/wiki/William_P._Rogers" title="William P. Rogers">William P. Rogers</a>, about which he later wrote, "I was able to talk to the President a bit about both Tino [Constantine II of Greece] and Juanito [Juan Carlos of Spain] to try and put over their respective points of view about Greece and Spain, and how I felt the US could help them."<a href="#cite_note-powell-108">[107]</a> In January 1971, Nixon hosted Juan Carlos and his wife <a href="/wiki/Queen_Sofia_of_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Queen Sofia of Spain">Sofia</a> (sister of the exiled King Constantine) during a visit to Washington and later that year <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a> published an article alleging that Nixon's administration was seeking to persuade Franco to retire in favour of the young Bourbon prince.<a href="#cite_note-powell-108">[107]</a> From 1967 until 1978, Mountbatten was president of the <a href="/wiki/United_World_Colleges" title="United World Colleges">United World Colleges</a> Organisation, then represented by a single college: that of <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_College" title="Atlantic College">Atlantic College</a> in South Wales. Mountbatten supported the United World Colleges and encouraged heads of state, politicians, and personalities throughout the world to share his interest. Under his presidency and personal involvement, the United World College of South East Asia was established in Singapore in 1971, followed by the <a href="/wiki/United_World_College_of_the_Pacific" class="mw-redirect" title="United World College of the Pacific">United World College of the Pacific</a> in <a href="/wiki/Victoria,_British_Columbia" title="Victoria, British Columbia">Victoria, British Columbia</a>, in 1974. In 1978, Mountbatten passed the presidency of the college to his great-nephew, <a href="/wiki/Charles,_Prince_of_Wales" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles, Prince of Wales">Charles, Prince of Wales</a>.<a href="#cite_note-109">[108]</a> Mountbatten also helped to launch the <a href="/wiki/International_Baccalaureate" title="International Baccalaureate">International Baccalaureate</a>; in 1971 he presented the first IB diplomas in the Greek Theatre of the <a href="/wiki/International_School_of_Geneva" title="International School of Geneva">International School of Geneva</a>, Switzerland.<a href="#cite_note-110">[109]</a><a href="#cite_note-111">[110]</a><a href="#cite_note-112">[111]</a> In 1975 Mountbatten finally visited the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a>, leading the delegation from UK as personal representative of <a href="/wiki/Queen_Elizabeth_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Queen Elizabeth II">Queen Elizabeth II</a> at the celebrations to mark the 30th anniversary of Victory Day in Second World War in Moscow.<a href="#cite_note-113">[112]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Alleged_plots_against_Harold_Wilson">Alleged plots against Harold Wilson</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lord_Mountbatten&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Alleged plots against Harold Wilson">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Harold_Wilson_conspiracy_theories#The_1968_plot" class="mw-redirect" title="Harold Wilson conspiracy theories">Harold Wilson conspiracy theories § The 1968 plot</a></div> <a href="/wiki/Peter_Wright_(MI5_officer)" title="Peter Wright (MI5 officer)">Peter Wright</a>, in his 1987 book <a href="/wiki/Spycatcher" title="Spycatcher">Spycatcher</a>, claimed that in May 1968 Mountbatten attended a private meeting with press baron <a href="/wiki/Cecil_Harmsworth_King" title="Cecil Harmsworth King">Cecil King</a> and the government's Chief Scientific Adviser, <a href="/wiki/Solly_Zuckerman" class="mw-redirect" title="Solly Zuckerman">Solly Zuckerman</a>. Wright alleged that "up to thirty" <a href="/wiki/MI5" title="MI5">MI5</a> officers had joined a secret campaign to undermine the crisis-stricken Labour government of <a href="/wiki/Harold_Wilson" title="Harold Wilson">Harold Wilson</a> and that King was an MI5 agent. In the meeting, King allegedly urged Mountbatten to become the leader of a government of national salvation. Solly Zuckerman pointed out that it was "rank treachery" and the idea came to nothing because of Mountbatten's reluctance to act.<a href="#cite_note-114">[113]</a> In contrast, <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Lownie" title="Andrew Lownie">Andrew Lownie</a> has suggested that it took the intervention of the Queen to dissuade Mountbatten from plotting against Wilson.<a href="#cite_note-Sawer-115">[114]</a> In 2006, the BBC documentary The Plot Against Harold Wilson alleged that there had been another plot involving Mountbatten to oust Wilson during his second term in office (1974–1976). The period was characterised by high inflation, increasing unemployment, and widespread industrial unrest. The alleged plot revolved around right-wing former military figures who were supposedly building private armies to counter the perceived threat from trade unions and the Soviet Union. They believed that the <a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Labour Party (UK)">Labour Party</a> was unable and unwilling to counter these developments and that Wilson was either a Soviet agent or at the very least a <a href="/wiki/Communist" class="mw-redirect" title="Communist">Communist</a> sympathiser – claims Wilson strongly denied. The documentary makers alleged that a coup was planned to overthrow Wilson and replace him with Mountbatten using the private armies and sympathisers in the military and MI5.<a href="#cite_note-116">[115]</a> The first official history of MI5, <a href="/wiki/The_Defence_of_the_Realm" title="The Defence of the Realm">The Defence of the Realm</a> (2009), implied that there was a plot against Wilson and that MI5 did have a file on him. Yet it also made clear that the plot was in no way official and that any activity centred on a small group of discontented officers. This much had already been confirmed by former <a href="/wiki/Cabinet_secretary" title="Cabinet secretary">cabinet secretary</a> <a href="/wiki/John_Hunt,_Baron_Hunt_of_Tanworth" title="John Hunt, Baron Hunt of Tanworth">Lord Hunt</a>, who concluded in a secret inquiry conducted in 1996 that "there is absolutely no doubt at all that a few, a very few, malcontents in MI5 ... a lot of them like Peter Wright who were right-wing, malicious and had serious personal grudges – gave vent to these and spread damaging malicious stories about that Labour government."<a href="#cite_note-117">[116]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lord_Mountbatten&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Personal life">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Marriage">Marriage</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lord_Mountbatten&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Marriage">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Louis_and_Edwina_Mountbatten_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Louis_and_Edwina_Mountbatten_01.jpg/170px-Louis_and_Edwina_Mountbatten_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="214" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Louis_and_Edwina_Mountbatten_01.jpg/255px-Louis_and_Edwina_Mountbatten_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Louis_and_Edwina_Mountbatten_01.jpg/340px-Louis_and_Edwina_Mountbatten_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="630" /></a><figcaption>Louis and Edwina Mountbatten</figcaption></figure> Mountbatten was married on 18 July 1922 to <a href="/wiki/Edwina_Cynthia_Annette_Ashley" class="mw-redirect" title="Edwina Cynthia Annette Ashley">Edwina Cynthia Annette Ashley</a>, daughter of <a href="/wiki/Wilfrid_Ashley,_1st_Baron_Mount_Temple" title="Wilfrid Ashley, 1st Baron Mount Temple">Wilfred William Ashley</a>, later 1st <a href="/wiki/Baron_Mount_Temple" title="Baron Mount Temple">Baron Mount Temple</a>, himself a grandson of the <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Ashley-Cooper,_7th_Earl_of_Shaftesbury" title="Anthony Ashley-Cooper, 7th Earl of Shaftesbury">7th Earl of Shaftesbury</a>. She was the favourite granddaughter of the Edwardian magnate <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Cassel" title="Ernest Cassel">Sir Ernest Cassel</a> and the principal heir to his fortune. The couple spent heavily on households, luxuries, and entertainment.<a href="#cite_note-heath184-12">[11]</a> There followed a honeymoon tour of European royal courts and North America which included a visit to <a href="/wiki/Niagara_Falls" title="Niagara Falls">Niagara Falls</a> (because "all honeymooners went there").<a href="#cite_note-life1942081763-7">[6]</a> During their honeymoon in California, the newlyweds starred in a silent home movie by <a href="/wiki/Charlie_Chaplin" title="Charlie Chaplin">Charlie Chaplin</a> called Nice And Friendly, which was not shown in cinemas.<a href="#cite_note-118">[117]</a><a href="#cite_note-119">[118]</a> Mountbatten admitted: "Edwina and I spent all our married lives getting into other people's beds."<a href="#cite_note-120">[119]</a> He maintained an affair for several years with <a href="/wiki/Yola_Letellier" title="Yola Letellier">Yola Letellier</a>,<a href="#cite_note-hicks-121">[120]</a> the wife of Henri Letellier, publisher of <a href="/wiki/Le_Journal" title="Le Journal">Le Journal</a> and mayor of <a href="/wiki/Deauville" title="Deauville">Deauville</a> (1925–28).<a href="#cite_note-122">[121]</a> Yola Letellier's life story was the inspiration for <a href="/wiki/Colette" title="Colette">Colette</a>'s novel <a href="/wiki/Gigi_(novella)" title="Gigi (novella)">Gigi</a>.<a href="#cite_note-hicks-121">[120]</a> After Edwina died in 1960, Mountbatten was involved in relationships with young women, according to his daughter Patricia, his secretary John Barratt, his <a href="/wiki/Valet" title="Valet">valet</a> Bill Evans, and <a href="/wiki/William_Stadiem" title="William Stadiem">William Stadiem</a>, an employee of <a href="/wiki/Madame_Claude" title="Madame Claude">Madame Claude</a>.<a href="#cite_note-thetimes1-123">[122]</a> He had a long-running affair with American actress <a href="/wiki/Shirley_MacLaine" title="Shirley MacLaine">Shirley MacLaine</a>, whom he met in the 1960s.<a href="#cite_note-124">[123]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sexual_allegations">Sexual allegations</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lord_Mountbatten&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Sexual allegations">edit</a>]</div> In 2019, Ron Perks, Mountbatten's driver in Malta in 1948, alleged that he used to visit the Red House, an upmarket gay brothel in <a href="/wiki/Rabat,_Malta" title="Rabat, Malta">Rabat</a> used by naval officers.<a href="#cite_note-125">[124]</a> <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Lownie" title="Andrew Lownie">Andrew Lownie</a>, a fellow of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Historical_Society" title="Royal Historical Society">Royal Historical Society</a>, wrote that the United States <a href="/wiki/Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation" title="Federal Bureau of Investigation">Federal Bureau of Investigation</a> (FBI) maintained files regarding Mountbatten's alleged homosexuality.<a href="#cite_note-sdaytimes-126">[125]</a> Lownie also interviewed several young men who claimed to have been in a relationship with Mountbatten. John Barratt, Mountbatten's personal and private secretary for 20 years,<a href="#cite_note-127">[126]</a> has said Mountbatten was not a homosexual, and that it would have been impossible for such a fact to have been hidden from him.<a href="#cite_note-thetimes1-123">[122]</a> In 2019, files became public showing that the FBI knew in the 1940s of allegations that Mountbatten was homosexual and a <a href="/wiki/Paedophile" class="mw-redirect" title="Paedophile">paedophile</a>.<a href="#cite_note-128">[127]</a> The FBI file on Mountbatten, begun after he took on the role of Supreme Allied Commander in Southeast Asia in 1944, describes Mountbatten and his wife Edwina as "persons of extremely low morals", and contains a claim by American author <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Wharton_Drexel" title="Elizabeth Wharton Drexel">Elizabeth, Baroness Decies</a>, that Mountbatten was known to be a homosexual and had "a perversion for young boys".<a href="#cite_note-sdaytimes-126">[125]</a><a href="#cite_note-129">[128]</a> Norman Nield, Mountbatten's driver from 1942 to 1943, told the tabloid <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Truth" class="mw-redirect" title="New Zealand Truth">New Zealand Truth</a> that he transported young boys aged 8 to 12 who had been procured for the Admiral to Mountbatten's official residence and was paid to keep quiet. <a href="/wiki/Robin_Bryans" title="Robin Bryans">Robin Bryans</a> had also claimed to the Irish magazine Now that Mountbatten and <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Blunt" title="Anthony Blunt">Anthony Blunt</a>, along with others, were part of a ring that engaged in homosexual orgies and procured boys in their first year at public schools such as the <a href="/wiki/Portora_Royal_School" title="Portora Royal School">Portora Royal School</a> in <a href="/wiki/Enniskillen" title="Enniskillen">Enniskillen</a>. Former residents of the <a href="/wiki/Kincora_Boys%27_Home" title="Kincora Boys' Home">Kincora Boys' Home</a> in <a href="/wiki/Belfast" title="Belfast">Belfast</a> have asserted that they were trafficked to Mountbatten at <a href="/wiki/Classiebawn_Castle" title="Classiebawn Castle">Classiebawn Castle</a>, his residence in <a href="/wiki/Mullaghmore,_County_Sligo" title="Mullaghmore, County Sligo">Mullaghmore, County Sligo</a>.<a href="#cite_note-130">[129]</a><a href="#cite_note-131">[130]</a><a href="#cite_note-132">[131]</a> These claims were dismissed by the <a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland_Historical_Institutional_Abuse_Inquiry" title="Northern Ireland Historical Institutional Abuse Inquiry">Historical Institution Abuse (HIA) Inquiry</a>.<a href="#cite_note-hia-133">[132]</a><a href="#cite_note-thetimes1-123">[122]</a><a href="#cite_note-134">[133]</a> The HIA stated that the article making the original allegations "did not give any basis for the assertions that any of these people [Mountbatten and others] were connected with Kincora".<a href="#cite_note-hia-133">[132]</a> In October 2022 Arthur Smyth, a former resident of Kincora, waived his anonymity to make allegations of child abuse against Mountbatten.<a href="#cite_note-rte-court-to-hear-allegations-of-abuse-by-mountbatten-135">[134]</a> The allegations are part of a civil case against state authorities responsible for the care of children in Kincora.<a href="#cite_note-rte-court-to-hear-allegations-of-abuse-by-mountbatten-135">[134]</a> Smyth claims that he was raped twice by Mountbatten in encounters facilitated by the house father of <a href="/wiki/Kincora_Boys%27_Home" title="Kincora Boys' Home">Kincora</a>.<a href="#cite_note-136">[135]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Daughter_as_heir">Daughter as heir</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lord_Mountbatten&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Daughter as heir">edit</a>]</div> Lord and Lady Mountbatten had two daughters: <a href="/wiki/Patricia_Knatchbull" class="mw-redirect" title="Patricia Knatchbull">Patricia Knatchbull</a> (14 February 1924 – 13 June 2017),<a href="#cite_note-137">[136]</a> sometime lady-in-waiting to <a href="/wiki/Queen_Elizabeth_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Queen Elizabeth II">Queen Elizabeth II</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Lady_Pamela_Hicks" title="Lady Pamela Hicks">Lady Pamela Hicks</a> (born 19 April 1929), who accompanied them to India in 1947–1948 and was also sometime lady-in-waiting to the Queen.<a href="#cite_note-burke-5">[4]</a> Since Mountbatten had no sons when he was created Viscount Mountbatten of Burma, of Romsey in the County of Southampton on 27 August 1946<a href="#cite_note-138">[137]</a> and then Earl Mountbatten of Burma and Baron Romsey, in the County of Southampton on 18 October 1947,<a href="#cite_note-139">[138]</a> the <a href="/wiki/Letters_Patent" class="mw-redirect" title="Letters Patent">Letters Patent</a> were drafted such that in the event he left no sons or issue in the male line, the titles could pass to his daughters, in order of seniority of birth.<a href="#cite_note-auto-54">[53]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Leisure_interests">Leisure interests</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lord_Mountbatten&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Leisure interests">edit</a>]</div> Mountbatten was passionate about <a href="/wiki/Genealogy" title="Genealogy">genealogy</a>, an interest he shared with other European royalty and nobility; according to Ziegler, he spent a great deal of his leisure time in studying his links with European royal houses.<a href="#cite_note-140">[139]</a> From 1957 until his death, Lord Mountbatten was Patron of the <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Heraldic_and_Genealogical_Society" title="Cambridge University Heraldic and Genealogical Society">Cambridge University Heraldic and Genealogical Society</a>.<a href="#cite_note-141">[140]</a> He was equally passionate about orders, decorations and military ranks and uniforms, though he considered this interest to be a sign of vanity and constantly tried to distance himself from it, with limited success.<a href="#cite_note-Harvp|Ziegler|1985|p=116–117-142">[141]</a> Over the course of his career, he consistently attempted to secure as many orders and decorations as possible.<a href="#cite_note-143">[142]</a> Particular about details of dress, Mountbatten took an interest in fashion design, introducing trouser zips, a tail-coat with broad, high lapels and a "buttonless waistcoat" that could be pulled on over the head.<a href="#cite_note-144">[143]</a> In 1949, having by then relinquished the office of <a href="/wiki/Governor-General_of_India" title="Governor-General of India">Governor-General of India</a> but retaining a keen interest in Indian affairs, he designed new flags, insignia, and details of uniforms for the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Armed_Forces" title="Indian Armed Forces">Indian Armed Forces</a> ahead of the transition from British dominion to republic; many of his designs were implemented and remain in use.<a href="#cite_note-145">[144]</a> Like many members of the royal family, Mountbatten was an aficionado of polo. Mountbatten introduced the sport to the Royal Navy in the 1920s and wrote a book on the subject.<a href="#cite_note-life1942081763-7">[6]</a> He received US patent 1,993,334 in 1931 for a polo stick.<a href="#cite_note-146">[145]</a> He also served as Commodore of Emsworth Sailing Club in <a href="/wiki/Hampshire" title="Hampshire">Hampshire</a> from 1931.<a href="#cite_note-147">[146]</a> He was a long-serving Patron of the <a href="/wiki/Society_for_Nautical_Research" title="Society for Nautical Research">Society for Nautical Research</a> (1951–1979).<a href="#cite_note-148">[147]</a> Apart from official documents, Mountbatten was not much of a reader, though he liked <a href="/wiki/P._G._Wodehouse" title="P. G. Wodehouse">P. G. Wodehouse</a>'s books. He enjoyed the cinema; his favourite stars were <a href="/wiki/Fred_Astaire" title="Fred Astaire">Fred Astaire</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rita_Hayworth" title="Rita Hayworth">Rita Hayworth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grace_Kelly" title="Grace Kelly">Grace Kelly</a> and <a href="/wiki/Shirley_MacLaine" title="Shirley MacLaine">Shirley MacLaine</a>. In general, however, he had a limited interest in the arts.<a href="#cite_note-Harvp|Ziegler|1985|p=116–117-142">[141]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mentorship_of_King_Charles_III">Mentorship of King Charles III</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lord_Mountbatten&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Mentorship of King Charles III">edit</a>]</div> Mountbatten was a strong influence in the upbringing of his great-nephew, the future <a href="/wiki/King_Charles_III" class="mw-redirect" title="King Charles III">King Charles III</a>, and later as a mentor – "Honorary Grandfather" and "Honorary Grandson", they fondly called each other according to the <a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Dimbleby" title="Jonathan Dimbleby">Jonathan Dimbleby</a> biography of the then-Prince – though according to both the Ziegler biography of Mountbatten and the Dimbleby biography of the Prince, the results may have been mixed. He from time to time strongly upbraided the Prince for showing tendencies towards the idle pleasure-seeking dilettantism of his predecessor as Prince of Wales, <a href="/wiki/King_Edward_VIII" class="mw-redirect" title="King Edward VIII">King Edward VIII</a>, whom Mountbatten had known well in their youth. Yet he also encouraged the Prince to enjoy the bachelor life while he could, and then to marry a young and inexperienced girl so as to ensure a stable married life.<a href="#cite_note-149">[148]</a> Mountbatten's qualification for offering advice to this particular heir to the throne was unique; it was he who had arranged the visit of <a href="/wiki/King_George_VI" class="mw-redirect" title="King George VI">King George VI</a> and <a href="/wiki/Queen_Elizabeth_The_Queen_Mother" title="Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother">Queen Elizabeth</a> to <a href="/wiki/Dartmouth_Royal_Naval_College" class="mw-redirect" title="Dartmouth Royal Naval College">Dartmouth Royal Naval College</a> on 22 July 1939, taking care to include the young Princesses Elizabeth and Margaret in the invitation, but assigning his nephew, <a href="/wiki/Cadet" title="Cadet">Cadet</a> <a href="/wiki/Prince_Philip_of_Greece" class="mw-redirect" title="Prince Philip of Greece">Prince Philip of Greece</a>, to keep them amused while their parents toured the facility. This was the first recorded meeting of Charles's future parents<a href="#cite_note-150">[149]</a> but a few months later, Mountbatten's efforts nearly came to naught when he received a letter from his sister Alice in <a href="/wiki/Athens" title="Athens">Athens</a> informing him that Philip was visiting her and had agreed to <a href="/wiki/Repatriate" class="mw-redirect" title="Repatriate">repatriate</a> permanently to Greece. Within days, Philip received a command from his cousin and sovereign, King <a href="/wiki/George_II_of_Greece" title="George II of Greece">George II of Greece</a>, to resume his naval career in Britain which, though given without explanation, the young prince obeyed.<a href="#cite_note-151">[150]</a> In 1974, Mountbatten began corresponding with Charles about a potential marriage to his granddaughter, <a href="/wiki/Amanda_Knatchbull" class="mw-redirect" title="Amanda Knatchbull">Amanda Knatchbull</a>, who was also Charles's second cousin.<a href="#cite_note-Dimbleby204–206-152">[151]</a> It was about this time he also recommended that the 25-year-old prince get on with "sowing some wild oats".<a href="#cite_note-Dimbleby204–206-152">[151]</a> Charles dutifully wrote to Amanda's mother (who was also his godmother and his father's first cousin), <a href="/wiki/Patricia_Knatchbull,_2nd_Countess_Mountbatten_of_Burma" title="Patricia Knatchbull, 2nd Countess Mountbatten of Burma">Lady Brabourne</a>, about his interest. Her answer was supportive, but advised him that she thought her daughter still rather young to be <a href="/wiki/Courted" class="mw-redirect" title="Courted">courted</a>.<a href="#cite_note-JD-153">[152]</a> In February 1975, Charles visited New Delhi to play <a href="/wiki/Polo" title="Polo">polo</a> and was shown around <a href="/wiki/Rashtrapati_Bhavan" title="Rashtrapati Bhavan">Rashtrapati Bhavan</a>, the former Viceroy's House, by Mountbatten.<a href="#cite_note-154">[153]</a> Four years later, Mountbatten secured an invitation for himself and Amanda to accompany Charles on his planned 1980 tour of India.<a href="#cite_note-JD-153">[152]</a> Their fathers promptly objected. Prince Philip thought that the Indian public's reception would more likely reflect their response to the uncle than to the nephew. <a href="/wiki/John_Knatchbull,_7th_Baron_Brabourne" title="John Knatchbull, 7th Baron Brabourne">Lord Brabourne</a> counselled that the intense scrutiny of the press would be more likely to drive Mountbatten's godson and granddaughter apart than together.<a href="#cite_note-JD-153">[152]</a> Charles was rescheduled to tour India alone, but Mountbatten did not live to the planned date of departure. When Charles finally did propose marriage to Amanda later in 1979, the circumstances were changed and she refused him.<a href="#cite_note-JD-153">[152]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Television_appearances">Television appearances</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lord_Mountbatten&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Television appearances">edit</a>]</div> On 27 April 1977, shortly before his 77th birthday, Mountbatten became the first member of the Royal Family to appear on the TV guest show <a href="/wiki/This_Is_Your_Life_(UK_TV_series)" class="mw-redirect" title="This Is Your Life (UK TV series)">This Is Your Life</a>.<a href="#cite_note-155">[154]</a> In the UK, 22.22 million people tuned in to watch the programme.<a href="#cite_note-BFI-1970s-156">[155]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Assassination">Assassination</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lord_Mountbatten&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Assassination">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Louis_Mountbatten" class="mw-redirect" title="Assassination of Louis Mountbatten">Assassination of Louis Mountbatten</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikimania_2018_by_Rainer_Halama-0503_cropped.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Wikimania_2018_by_Rainer_Halama-0503_cropped.jpg/170px-Wikimania_2018_by_Rainer_Halama-0503_cropped.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Wikimania_2018_by_Rainer_Halama-0503_cropped.jpg/255px-Wikimania_2018_by_Rainer_Halama-0503_cropped.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Wikimania_2018_by_Rainer_Halama-0503_cropped.jpg/340px-Wikimania_2018_by_Rainer_Halama-0503_cropped.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2312" data-file-height="2586" /></a><figcaption>Christ in Triumph over Darkness and Evil by <a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Loire" title="Gabriel Loire">Gabriel Loire</a> (1982) at <a href="/wiki/St._George%27s_Cathedral,_Cape_Town" title="St. George's Cathedral, Cape Town">St. George's Cathedral, Cape Town</a>, South Africa, in memory of Mountbatten</figcaption></figure> Mountbatten usually holidayed at his summer home, <a href="/wiki/Classiebawn_Castle" title="Classiebawn Castle">Classiebawn Castle</a>, on the <a href="/wiki/Mullaghmore_Peninsula" title="Mullaghmore Peninsula">Mullaghmore Peninsula</a> in County Sligo, in the north-west of Ireland. The village was only 12 miles (19 km) from <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland-Northern_Ireland_border" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of Ireland-Northern Ireland border">the border</a> with <a href="/wiki/County_Fermanagh" title="County Fermanagh">County Fermanagh</a> in Northern Ireland and near an area known to be used as a cross-border refuge by <a href="/wiki/Provisional_Irish_Republican_Army" title="Provisional Irish Republican Army">IRA</a> members.<a href="#cite_note-Time_Magazine-157">[156]</a><a href="#cite_note-onthisday-158">[157]</a> In 1978, the IRA had allegedly attempted to shoot Mountbatten as he was aboard his boat, but poor weather had prevented the sniper taking his shot.<a href="#cite_note-159">[158]</a> On 27 August 1979, Mountbatten went <a href="/wiki/Lobster-potting" class="mw-redirect" title="Lobster-potting">lobster-potting</a> and tuna fishing in his 30-foot (9.1 m) wooden boat, Shadow V, which had been moored in the harbour at Mullaghmore.<a href="#cite_note-onthisday-158">[157]</a> IRA member <a href="/wiki/Thomas_McMahon_(Irish_republican)" title="Thomas McMahon (Irish republican)">Thomas McMahon</a> had slipped onto the unguarded boat the previous night and attached a radio-controlled bomb weighing 50 pounds (23 kg). When Mountbatten and his party had taken the boat just a few hundred yards from the shore, the bomb was detonated. The boat was destroyed by the force of the blast and Mountbatten's legs were almost blown off. Mountbatten, then aged 79, was pulled alive from the water by nearby fishermen, but died from his injuries before being brought to shore.<a href="#cite_note-onthisday-158">[157]</a><a href="#cite_note-guardian-160">[159]</a><a href="#cite_note-161">[160]</a> Also aboard the boat were his elder daughter <a href="/wiki/Patricia_Knatchbull,_2nd_Countess_Mountbatten_of_Burma" title="Patricia Knatchbull, 2nd Countess Mountbatten of Burma">Patricia, Lady Brabourne</a>; her husband <a href="/wiki/John_Knatchbull,_7th_Baron_Brabourne" title="John Knatchbull, 7th Baron Brabourne">Lord Brabourne</a>; their twin sons Nicholas and Timothy Knatchbull; Lord Brabourne's mother <a href="/wiki/Doreen_Knatchbull,_Baroness_Brabourne" title="Doreen Knatchbull, Baroness Brabourne">Doreen, Dowager Lady Brabourne</a>; and Paul Maxwell, a young crew member from <a href="/wiki/Enniskillen" title="Enniskillen">Enniskillen</a> in County Fermanagh.<a href="#cite_note-162">[161]</a> Nicholas (aged 14) and Paul (aged 15) were killed by the blast and the others were seriously injured.<a href="#cite_note-163">[162]</a> Doreen, Dowager Lady Brabourne (aged 83), died from her injuries the following day.<a href="#cite_note-harvp|Patton|2005|pp=14–17-94">[93]</a> The attack triggered outrage and condemnation around the world.<a href="#cite_note-164">[163]</a> <a href="/wiki/Queen_Elizabeth_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Queen Elizabeth II">Queen Elizabeth II</a> received messages of condolence from leaders including US President <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter">Jimmy Carter</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pope_John_Paul_II" title="Pope John Paul II">Pope John Paul II</a>.<a href="#cite_note-165">[164]</a> Carter expressed his "profound sadness" at the death.<a href="#cite_note-166">[165]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Irish_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Irish American">Irish American</a> community was disgusted with the attack, especially since many American soldiers served under Mountbatten during World War II.<a href="#cite_note-FWAF-167">[166]</a><a href="#cite_note-168">[167]</a><a href="#cite_note-169">[168]</a> Jim Rooney, son of <a href="/wiki/Pittsburgh_Steelers" title="Pittsburgh Steelers">Pittsburgh Steelers</a> president <a href="/wiki/Dan_M._Rooney" title="Dan M. Rooney">Dan M. Rooney</a> (who co-founded <a href="/wiki/The_Ireland_Funds" title="The Ireland Funds">The Ireland Funds</a> in 1976), recalled that:<blockquote>Mountbatten's murder shocked many Irish-Americans, my parents included, because they remembered him for the role he played in defeating the Axis. "It was quite sad because being in America, you were familiar with Lord Mountbatten because of World War II," my mother recalled. "It was a very sad time." But my father didn't give in to despair. "That didn't show down [my father] one bit. It more or less gave him more energy," my mother said.<a href="#cite_note-FWAF-167">[166]</a></blockquote> Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Thatcher" title="Margaret Thatcher">Margaret Thatcher</a> said:<blockquote>His death leaves a gap that can never be filled. The British people give thanks for his life and grieve at his passing.<a href="#cite_note-nyt-170">[169]</a></blockquote> <a href="/wiki/George_Colley" title="George Colley">George Colley</a>, the <a href="/wiki/T%C3%A1naiste" title="Tánaiste">Tánaiste</a> (Deputy head of the Government of Ireland), said:<blockquote>No effort will be spared to bring those responsible to justice. It is understood that subversives have claimed responsibility for the explosion. Assuming that police investigations substantiate the claim, I know that the Irish people will join me in condemning this heartless and terrible outrage.<a href="#cite_note-nyt-170">[169]</a></blockquote> The IRA issued a statement afterward, saying:<blockquote>The IRA claim responsibility for the execution of Lord Louis Mountbatten. This operation is one of the discriminate ways we can bring to the attention of the English people the continuing occupation of our country. ... The death of Mountbatten and the tributes paid to him will be seen in sharp contrast to the apathy of the British Government and the English people to the deaths of over three hundred British soldiers, and the deaths of Irish men, women, and children at the hands of their forces.<a href="#cite_note-Time_Magazine-157">[156]</a><a href="#cite_note-171">[170]</a></blockquote> Six weeks later,<a href="#cite_note-time-172">[171]</a> <a href="/wiki/Sinn_F%C3%A9in" title="Sinn Féin">Sinn Féin</a> vice-president <a href="/wiki/Gerry_Adams" title="Gerry Adams">Gerry Adams</a> said of Mountbatten's death:<blockquote>The IRA gave clear reasons for the execution. I think it is unfortunate that anyone has to be killed, but the furor created by Mountbatten's death showed up the hypocritical attitude of the media establishment. As a member of the House of Lords, Mountbatten was an emotional figure in both British and Irish politics. What the IRA did to him is what Mountbatten had been doing all his life to other people; and with his war record I don't think he could have objected to dying in what was clearly a war situation. He knew the danger involved in coming to this country. In my opinion, the IRA achieved its objective: people started paying attention to what was happening in Ireland.<a href="#cite_note-time-172">[171]</a></blockquote> Indian prime minister <a href="/wiki/Charan_Singh" title="Charan Singh">Charan Singh</a> remarked: <blockquote>Here in India, he will be remembered as a Viceroy and a Governor General who at the time of India's Independence gave us abundantly of his wisdom and goodwill. It was in recognition of our affection for him, respect for his impartiality and regard for his concern for India's freedom that the entire nation readily accepted Lord Mountbatten as the first Governor General of Independent India . His drive and vigour helped in the difficult period after our Independence.<a href="#cite_note-Singh_1992_p.-173">[172]</a></blockquote> In India, a week of national mourning was declared over Mountbatten's death.<a href="#cite_note-Moore_1983_p.-174">[173]</a> <a href="/wiki/Burma" class="mw-redirect" title="Burma">Burma</a> had announced a 3-day period of mourning.<a href="#cite_note-The_Service_1979_p.-175">[174]</a> In 2015, Adams said in an interview, "I stand over what I said then. I'm not one of those people that engages in revisionism. Thankfully the war is over."<a href="#cite_note-176">[175]</a> On the day of the bombing, the IRA also ambushed and killed eighteen <a href="/wiki/British_soldiers" class="mw-redirect" title="British soldiers">British soldiers</a> at the gates of <a href="/wiki/Narrow_Water_Castle" title="Narrow Water Castle">Narrow Water Castle</a>, just outside <a href="/wiki/Warrenpoint" title="Warrenpoint">Warrenpoint</a>, in <a href="/wiki/County_Down" title="County Down">County Down</a> in Northern Ireland, sixteen of them from the <a href="/wiki/Parachute_Regiment_(United_Kingdom)" title="Parachute Regiment (United Kingdom)">Parachute Regiment</a>, in what became known as the <a href="/wiki/Warrenpoint_ambush" title="Warrenpoint ambush">Warrenpoint ambush</a>.<a href="#cite_note-177">[176]</a> It was the deadliest attack on the British Army during <a href="/wiki/The_Troubles" title="The Troubles">the Troubles</a>.<a href="#cite_note-onthisday-158">[157]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Funeral">Funeral</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lord_Mountbatten&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Funeral">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Funeral_of_Lord_Mountbatten" title="Funeral of Lord Mountbatten">Funeral of Lord Mountbatten</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:MountbattenTomb.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/MountbattenTomb.JPG/290px-MountbattenTomb.JPG" decoding="async" width="290" height="218" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/MountbattenTomb.JPG/435px-MountbattenTomb.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/MountbattenTomb.JPG/580px-MountbattenTomb.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4224" data-file-height="3168" /></a><figcaption>Mountbatten's tomb at <a href="/wiki/Romsey_Abbey" title="Romsey Abbey">Romsey Abbey</a> in Hampshire, near to his home, <a href="/wiki/Broadlands" title="Broadlands">Broadlands</a>.</figcaption></figure> On 5 September 1979, Mountbatten received a <a href="/wiki/Ceremonial_funeral" class="mw-redirect" title="Ceremonial funeral">ceremonial funeral</a> at <a href="/wiki/Westminster_Abbey" title="Westminster Abbey">Westminster Abbey</a>, which was attended by Queen Elizabeth II, the royal family, and members of the European royal houses. Watched by thousands of people, the funeral procession, which started at <a href="/wiki/Wellington_Barracks" title="Wellington Barracks">Wellington Barracks</a>, included representatives of all three <a href="/wiki/British_Armed_Services" class="mw-redirect" title="British Armed Services">British Armed Services</a>, and military contingents from Burma, India, the United States (represented by 70 sailors of the <a href="/wiki/US_Navy" class="mw-redirect" title="US Navy">US Navy</a> and 50 <a href="/wiki/US_Marines" class="mw-redirect" title="US Marines">US Marines</a><a href="#cite_note-178">[177]</a>), France (represented by the <a href="/wiki/French_Navy" title="French Navy">French Navy</a>) and Canada. His coffin was drawn on a gun carriage by 118 Royal Navy ratings.<a href="#cite_note-iwmfuneral-179">[178]</a><a href="#cite_note-180">[179]</a> Mountbatten's funeral was the first major royal funeral to be held in the Abbey since the 18th century.<a href="#cite_note-Range_2016-181">[180]</a> During the televised service, his great-nephew Charles read the lesson from <a href="/wiki/Psalm" class="mw-redirect" title="Psalm">Psalm</a> 107.<a href="#cite_note-iwmfuneral-179">[178]</a> In an address, the <a href="/wiki/Archbishop_of_Canterbury" title="Archbishop of Canterbury">Archbishop of Canterbury</a>, <a href="/wiki/Donald_Coggan" title="Donald Coggan">Donald Coggan</a>, highlighted his various achievements and his "lifelong devotion to the Royal Navy".<a href="#cite_note-182">[181]</a> After the public ceremonies, which he had planned himself, Mountbatten was buried in <a href="/wiki/Romsey_Abbey" title="Romsey Abbey">Romsey Abbey</a>.<a href="#cite_note-183">[182]</a><a href="#cite_note-184">[183]</a> As part of the funeral arrangements, his body had been embalmed by <a href="/wiki/Desmond_Henley" title="Desmond Henley">Desmond Henley</a>.<a href="#cite_note-christopherhenley-185">[184]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Aftermath">Aftermath</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lord_Mountbatten&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Aftermath">edit</a>]</div> Two hours before the bomb detonated, Thomas McMahon had been arrested at a Garda checkpoint between <a href="/wiki/Longford" title="Longford">Longford</a> and <a href="/wiki/Granard" title="Granard">Granard</a> on suspicion of driving a stolen vehicle. He was tried for the assassinations in Ireland and convicted on 23 November 1979 based on forensic evidence supplied by <a href="/wiki/James_O%27Donovan" title="James O'Donovan">James O'Donovan</a> that showed flecks of paint from the boat and traces of nitroglycerine on his clothes.<a href="#cite_note-186">[185]</a> He was released in 1998 under the terms of the <a href="/wiki/Good_Friday_Agreement" title="Good Friday Agreement">Good Friday Agreement</a>.<a href="#cite_note-onthisday-158">[157]</a><a href="#cite_note-187">[186]</a> On hearing of Mountbatten's death, the then <a href="/wiki/Master_of_the_Queen%27s_Music" class="mw-redirect" title="Master of the Queen's Music">Master of the Queen's Music</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malcolm_Williamson" title="Malcolm Williamson">Malcolm Williamson</a>, wrote the Lament in Memory of Lord Mountbatten of Burma for violin and string orchestra. The 11-minute work was given its first performance on 5 May 1980 by the Scottish Baroque Ensemble, conducted by Leonard Friedman.<a href="#cite_note-188">[187]</a> On his death his estate was valued for probate purposes at £2,196,494 (equivalent to £14,000,000 in 2023).<a href="#cite_note-189">[188]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lord_Mountbatten&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Legacy">edit</a>]</div> Mountbatten's faults, according to his biographer <a href="/wiki/Philip_Ziegler" title="Philip Ziegler">Philip Ziegler</a>, like everything else about him, "were on the grandest scale. His vanity though child-like, was monstrous, his ambition unbridled ... He sought to rewrite history with cavalier indifference to the facts to magnify his own achievements."<a href="#cite_note-Ziegler,_p._701-190">[189]</a> However, Ziegler concludes that Mountbatten's virtues outweighed his defects:<a href="#cite_note-Ziegler,_p._701-190">[189]</a> <blockquote>He was generous and loyal ... He was warm-hearted, predisposed to like everyone he met, quick-tempered but never bearing grudges ... His tolerance was extraordinary; his readiness to respect and listen to the views of others was remarkable throughout his life.</blockquote> Ziegler argues he was truly a great man, and despite being an executor of a policy, not initiator, he came to be known as its creator.<a href="#cite_note-Ziegler,_p._701-190">[189]</a> <blockquote>What he could do with superlative aplomb was to identify the object at which he was aiming, and force it through to its conclusion. A powerful, analytic mind of crystalline clarity, a superabundance of energy, great persuasive powers, endless resilience in the face of setback or disaster rendered him the most formidable of operators. He was infinitely resourceful, quick in his reactions, always ready to cut his losses and start again ... He was an executor of policy rather than an initiator; but whatever the policy, he espoused it with such energy and enthusiasm, made it so completely his own, that it became identified with him and, in the eyes of the outside world as well as his own, his creation.</blockquote> Others were not so conflicted. Field Marshal <a href="/wiki/Sir_Gerald_Templer" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir Gerald Templer">Sir Gerald Templer</a>, the former <a href="/wiki/Chief_of_the_Imperial_General_Staff" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief of the Imperial General Staff">Chief of the Imperial General Staff</a>, once told him, "You are so crooked, Dickie, that if you swallowed a nail, you would shit a corkscrew".<a href="#cite_note-191">[190]</a> Mountbatten supported the burgeoning nationalist movements which grew up in the shadow of Japanese occupation. His priority was to maintain practical, stable government, but driving him was an idealism in which he believed every people should be allowed to control their own destiny. Critics said he was too ready to overlook their faults, and especially their subordination to communist control. Ziegler says that in Malaya, where the main resistance to the Japanese came from Chinese who were under considerable communist influence, "Mountbatten proved to have been naïve in his assessment. ... He erred, however, not because he was 'soft on Communism' ... but from an over-readiness to assume the best of those with whom he had dealings." Furthermore, Ziegler argues, he was following a practical policy based on the assumption that it would take a long and bloody struggle to drive the Japanese out, and he needed the support of all the anti-Japanese elements, most of which were either nationalists or communists.<a href="#cite_note-192">[191]</a> Mountbatten took pride in enhancing intercultural understanding and in 1984, with his elder daughter as the patron, the <a href="/wiki/Mountbatten_Institute" title="Mountbatten Institute">Mountbatten Institute</a> was developed to allow young adults the opportunity to enhance their intercultural appreciation and experience by spending time abroad.<a href="#cite_note-193">[192]</a> The IET annually awards the <a href="/wiki/Mountbatten_Medal" class="mw-redirect" title="Mountbatten Medal">Mountbatten Medal</a> for an outstanding contribution, or contributions over a period, to the promotion of electronics or information technology and their application.<a href="#cite_note-medal-21">[20]</a> Canada's capital city of <a href="/wiki/Ottawa" title="Ottawa">Ottawa</a> named Mountbatten Avenue in his memory.<a href="#cite_note-194">[193]</a> Java Street in <a href="/wiki/Kuala_Lumpur" title="Kuala Lumpur">Kuala Lumpur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a> was renamed Jalan Mountbatten after the Second World War;<a href="#cite_note-195">[194]</a><a href="#cite_note-196">[195]</a> it was renamed again to <a href="/wiki/List_of_roads_in_Kuala_Lumpur" title="List of roads in Kuala Lumpur">Jalan Tun Perak</a> in 1981. The <a href="/wiki/Mountbatten,_Singapore" title="Mountbatten, Singapore">Mountbatten</a> estate in Singapore and <a href="/wiki/Mountbatten_MRT_station" title="Mountbatten MRT station">Mountbatten MRT station</a> were named after him.<a href="#cite_note-197">[196]</a> Mountbatten's personal papers (containing approximately 250,000 papers and 50,000 photographs) are preserved in the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Southampton#Libraries" title="University of Southampton">University of Southampton Library</a>.<a href="#cite_note-198">[197]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Awards_and_decorations">Awards and decorations</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lord_Mountbatten&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Awards and decorations">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_titles_and_honours_of_Lord_Mountbatten" title="List of titles and honours of Lord Mountbatten">List of titles and honours of Lord Mountbatten</a></div> <table class="wikitable"> <caption> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Country </th> <th>Date </th> <th>Appointment </th> <th>Ribbon </th> <th>Post-nominal letters </th> <th>Other </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="5"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> </td> <td>1911 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/King_George_V_Coronation_Medal" title="King George V Coronation Medal">King George V Coronation Medal</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:UK_King_George_V_Coronation_Medal_ribbon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/UK_King_George_V_Coronation_Medal_ribbon.svg/80px-UK_King_George_V_Coronation_Medal_ribbon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/UK_King_George_V_Coronation_Medal_ribbon.svg/120px-UK_King_George_V_Coronation_Medal_ribbon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/UK_King_George_V_Coronation_Medal_ribbon.svg/160px-UK_King_George_V_Coronation_Medal_ribbon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a> </td> <td colspan="2" rowspan="3"> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">1918 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/British_War_Medal" title="British War Medal">British War Medal</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:British_War_Medal_BAR.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/British_War_Medal_BAR.svg/80px-British_War_Medal_BAR.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/British_War_Medal_BAR.svg/120px-British_War_Medal_BAR.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/British_War_Medal_BAR.svg/160px-British_War_Medal_BAR.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Victory_Medal_(United_Kingdom)" title="Victory Medal (United Kingdom)">Victory Medal</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:World_War_I_Victory_Medal_ribbon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/World_War_I_Victory_Medal_ribbon.svg/80px-World_War_I_Victory_Medal_ribbon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/World_War_I_Victory_Medal_ribbon.svg/120px-World_War_I_Victory_Medal_ribbon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/World_War_I_Victory_Medal_ribbon.svg/160px-World_War_I_Victory_Medal_ribbon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="279" /></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1920 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Member_of_the_Royal_Victorian_Order" class="mw-redirect" title="Member of the Royal Victorian Order">Member of the Royal Victorian Order</a> </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/File:UK_Royal_Victorian_Order_ribbon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/UK_Royal_Victorian_Order_ribbon.svg/80px-UK_Royal_Victorian_Order_ribbon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/UK_Royal_Victorian_Order_ribbon.svg/120px-UK_Royal_Victorian_Order_ribbon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/UK_Royal_Victorian_Order_ribbon.svg/160px-UK_Royal_Victorian_Order_ribbon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a> </td> <td>MVO </td> <td>Promoted to KCVO in 1922 <a href="#cite_note-199">[198]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3">1922 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Knight_Commander_of_the_Royal_Victorian_Order" class="mw-redirect" title="Knight Commander of the Royal Victorian Order">Knight Commander of the Royal Victorian Order</a> </td> <td>KCVO </td> <td>Promoted to GCVO in 1937 <a href="#cite_note-200">[199]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Flag_of_Spain_%281785%E2%80%931873%2C_1875%E2%80%931931%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain_%281785%E2%80%931873%2C_1875%E2%80%931931%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Flag_of_Spain_%281785%E2%80%931873%2C_1875%E2%80%931931%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain_%281785%E2%80%931873%2C_1875%E2%80%931931%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Flag_of_Spain_%281785%E2%80%931873%2C_1875%E2%80%931931%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain_%281785%E2%80%931873%2C_1875%E2%80%931931%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Spain_(1874-1931)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Spain (1874-1931)">Kingdom of Spain</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Order_of_Isabella_the_Catholic" title="Order of Isabella the Catholic">Knight Grand Cross of the Order of Isabella the Catholic</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:ESP_Isabella_Catholic_Order_GC.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/ESP_Isabella_Catholic_Order_GC.svg/80px-ESP_Isabella_Catholic_Order_GC.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/ESP_Isabella_Catholic_Order_GC.svg/120px-ESP_Isabella_Catholic_Order_GC.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/ESP_Isabella_Catholic_Order_GC.svg/160px-ESP_Isabella_Catholic_Order_GC.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="220" data-file-height="62" /></a> </td> <td>gcYC </td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="#cite_note-debretts1976-201">[200]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Flag_of_Egypt_%281922%E2%80%931952%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Egypt_%281922%E2%80%931952%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Flag_of_Egypt_%281922%E2%80%931952%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Egypt_%281922%E2%80%931952%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Flag_of_Egypt_%281922%E2%80%931952%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Egypt_%281922%E2%80%931952%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1008" data-file-height="672" /> <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Egypt" title="Kingdom of Egypt">Kingdom of Egypt</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Nile" title="Order of the Nile">Order of the Nile, Fourth Class</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:EGY_Order_of_the_Nile_-_Officer_BAR.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/EGY_Order_of_the_Nile_-_Officer_BAR.svg/80px-EGY_Order_of_the_Nile_-_Officer_BAR.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/EGY_Order_of_the_Nile_-_Officer_BAR.svg/120px-EGY_Order_of_the_Nile_-_Officer_BAR.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/EGY_Order_of_the_Nile_-_Officer_BAR.svg/160px-EGY_Order_of_the_Nile_-_Officer_BAR.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a> </td> <td rowspan="2"> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/45px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /> <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a> </td> <td>1924 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Crown_(Romania)" class="mw-redirect" title="Order of the Crown (Romania)">Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Crown</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Ro1ocr.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Ro1ocr.gif/80px-Ro1ocr.gif" decoding="async" width="80" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Ro1ocr.gif/120px-Ro1ocr.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Ro1ocr.gif/160px-Ro1ocr.gif 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="4"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> </td> <td>1929 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Commander_of_the_Order_of_St_John" class="mw-redirect" title="Commander of the Order of St John">Commander of the Order of St John</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Order_of_St_John_(UK)_ribbon_-vector.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Order_of_St_John_%28UK%29_ribbon_-vector.svg/80px-Order_of_St_John_%28UK%29_ribbon_-vector.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Order_of_St_John_%28UK%29_ribbon_-vector.svg/120px-Order_of_St_John_%28UK%29_ribbon_-vector.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Order_of_St_John_%28UK%29_ribbon_-vector.svg/160px-Order_of_St_John_%28UK%29_ribbon_-vector.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="442" data-file-height="126" /></a> </td> <td>CStJ </td> <td>Promoted to KStJ in 1940 <a href="#cite_note-202">[201]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1935 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/King_George_V_Silver_Jubilee_Medal" title="King George V Silver Jubilee Medal">King George V Silver Jubilee Medal</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:UK_King_George_V_Silver_Jubilee_Medal_ribbon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/UK_King_George_V_Silver_Jubilee_Medal_ribbon.svg/80px-UK_King_George_V_Silver_Jubilee_Medal_ribbon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/UK_King_George_V_Silver_Jubilee_Medal_ribbon.svg/120px-UK_King_George_V_Silver_Jubilee_Medal_ribbon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/UK_King_George_V_Silver_Jubilee_Medal_ribbon.svg/160px-UK_King_George_V_Silver_Jubilee_Medal_ribbon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a> </td> <td colspan="2" rowspan="2"> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3">1937 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/King_George_VI_Coronation_Medal" title="King George VI Coronation Medal">King George VI Coronation Medal</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:GeorgeVICoronationRibbon.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/GeorgeVICoronationRibbon.png/80px-GeorgeVICoronationRibbon.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/11/GeorgeVICoronationRibbon.png 1.5x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="30" /></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Knight_Grand_Cross_of_the_Royal_Victorian_Order" class="mw-redirect" title="Knight Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order">Knight Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:UK_Royal_Victorian_Order_ribbon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/UK_Royal_Victorian_Order_ribbon.svg/80px-UK_Royal_Victorian_Order_ribbon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/UK_Royal_Victorian_Order_ribbon.svg/120px-UK_Royal_Victorian_Order_ribbon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/UK_Royal_Victorian_Order_ribbon.svg/160px-UK_Royal_Victorian_Order_ribbon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a> </td> <td>GCVO </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-203">[202]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/45px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /> <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Star_of_Romania" title="Order of the Star of Romania">Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Star of Romania</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Order_of_the_Star_of_Romania_-_Ribbon_bar.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Order_of_the_Star_of_Romania_-_Ribbon_bar.svg/80px-Order_of_the_Star_of_Romania_-_Ribbon_bar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Order_of_the_Star_of_Romania_-_Ribbon_bar.svg/120px-Order_of_the_Star_of_Romania_-_Ribbon_bar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Order_of_the_Star_of_Romania_-_Ribbon_bar.svg/160px-Order_of_the_Star_of_Romania_-_Ribbon_bar.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-debretts1976-201">[200]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> </td> <td>1940 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Knight_of_Justice_of_the_Order_of_Saint_John_of_Jerusalem" class="mw-redirect" title="Knight of Justice of the Order of Saint John of Jerusalem">Knight of Justice of the Order of St John</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Order_of_St_John_(UK)_ribbon_-vector.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Order_of_St_John_%28UK%29_ribbon_-vector.svg/80px-Order_of_St_John_%28UK%29_ribbon_-vector.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Order_of_St_John_%28UK%29_ribbon_-vector.svg/120px-Order_of_St_John_%28UK%29_ribbon_-vector.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Order_of_St_John_%28UK%29_ribbon_-vector.svg/160px-Order_of_St_John_%28UK%29_ribbon_-vector.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="442" data-file-height="126" /></a> </td> <td>KStJ </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-204">[203]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">1941 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Companion_of_the_Distinguished_Service_Order" class="mw-redirect" title="Companion of the Distinguished Service Order">Companion of the Distinguished Service Order</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Dso-ribbon.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Dso-ribbon.png/80px-Dso-ribbon.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/85/Dso-ribbon.png 1.5x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="30" /></a> </td> <td>DSO </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-dso-37">[36]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Flag_of_Greece_%281822-1978%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Greece_%281822-1978%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Flag_of_Greece_%281822-1978%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Greece_%281822-1978%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Flag_of_Greece_%281822-1978%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Greece_%281822-1978%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Greece" title="Kingdom of Greece">Kingdom of Greece</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/War_Cross_(Greece)" title="War Cross (Greece)">War Cross</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Greek_War_Cross_1940_3rd_class_ribbon.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Greek_War_Cross_1940_3rd_class_ribbon.png/80px-Greek_War_Cross_1940_3rd_class_ribbon.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Greek_War_Cross_1940_3rd_class_ribbon.png/120px-Greek_War_Cross_1940_3rd_class_ribbon.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/92/Greek_War_Cross_1940_3rd_class_ribbon.png 2x" data-file-width="140" data-file-height="45" /></a> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-205">[204]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> </td> <td rowspan="2">1943 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Companion_of_the_Order_of_the_Bath" class="mw-redirect" title="Companion of the Order of the Bath">Companion of the Order of the Bath</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Order_of_the_Bath_UK_ribbon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Order_of_the_Bath_UK_ribbon.svg/80px-Order_of_the_Bath_UK_ribbon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Order_of_the_Bath_UK_ribbon.svg/120px-Order_of_the_Bath_UK_ribbon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Order_of_the_Bath_UK_ribbon.svg/160px-Order_of_the_Bath_UK_ribbon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a> </td> <td>CB </td> <td>Promoted to KCB in 1945 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /> <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chief_Commander_of_the_Legion_of_Merit" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief Commander of the Legion of Merit">Chief Commander of the Legion of Merit</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:US_Legion_of_Merit_Chief_Commander_ribbon.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/US_Legion_of_Merit_Chief_Commander_ribbon.png/80px-US_Legion_of_Merit_Chief_Commander_ribbon.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/US_Legion_of_Merit_Chief_Commander_ribbon.png/120px-US_Legion_of_Merit_Chief_Commander_ribbon.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/US_Legion_of_Merit_Chief_Commander_ribbon.png/160px-US_Legion_of_Merit_Chief_Commander_ribbon.png 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="123" /></a> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-diaries-206">[205]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="8"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> </td> <td rowspan="11">1945 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Knight_Commander_of_the_Order_of_the_Bath" class="mw-redirect" title="Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath">Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Order_of_the_Bath_UK_ribbon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Order_of_the_Bath_UK_ribbon.svg/80px-Order_of_the_Bath_UK_ribbon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Order_of_the_Bath_UK_ribbon.svg/120px-Order_of_the_Bath_UK_ribbon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Order_of_the_Bath_UK_ribbon.svg/160px-Order_of_the_Bath_UK_ribbon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a> </td> <td>KCB </td> <td>Promoted to GCB in 1955 <a href="#cite_note-207">[206]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1939%E2%80%9345_Star" class="mw-redirect" title="1939–45 Star">1939–45 Star</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:39-45_Star_BAR.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/39-45_Star_BAR.svg/80px-39-45_Star_BAR.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/39-45_Star_BAR.svg/120px-39-45_Star_BAR.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/39-45_Star_BAR.svg/160px-39-45_Star_BAR.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a> </td> <td rowspan="10"> </td> <td rowspan="7"> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Star" title="Atlantic Star">Atlantic Star</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Atlantic_Star_BAR.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Atlantic_Star_BAR.svg/80px-Atlantic_Star_BAR.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Atlantic_Star_BAR.svg/120px-Atlantic_Star_BAR.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Atlantic_Star_BAR.svg/160px-Atlantic_Star_BAR.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Africa_Star" title="Africa Star">Africa Star</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Africa_Star_BAR.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Africa_Star_BAR.svg/80px-Africa_Star_BAR.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Africa_Star_BAR.svg/120px-Africa_Star_BAR.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Africa_Star_BAR.svg/160px-Africa_Star_BAR.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Burma_Star" title="Burma Star">Burma Star</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Burma_Star_BAR.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Burma_Star_BAR.svg/80px-Burma_Star_BAR.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Burma_Star_BAR.svg/120px-Burma_Star_BAR.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Burma_Star_BAR.svg/160px-Burma_Star_BAR.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Italy_Star" title="Italy Star">Italy Star</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Italy_Star_BAR.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Italy_Star_BAR.svg/80px-Italy_Star_BAR.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Italy_Star_BAR.svg/120px-Italy_Star_BAR.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Italy_Star_BAR.svg/160px-Italy_Star_BAR.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Defence_Medal_(United_Kingdom)" title="Defence Medal (United Kingdom)">Defence Medal</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Defence_Medal_BAR.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Defence_Medal_BAR.svg/80px-Defence_Medal_BAR.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Defence_Medal_BAR.svg/120px-Defence_Medal_BAR.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Defence_Medal_BAR.svg/160px-Defence_Medal_BAR.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/War_Medal_1939%E2%80%931945" title="War Medal 1939–1945">War Medal 1939–1945</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:War_Medal_39-45_w_MID_BAR.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/War_Medal_39-45_w_MID_BAR.svg/80px-War_Medal_39-45_w_MID_BAR.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/War_Medal_39-45_w_MID_BAR.svg/120px-War_Medal_39-45_w_MID_BAR.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/War_Medal_39-45_w_MID_BAR.svg/160px-War_Medal_39-45_w_MID_BAR.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Republic of China</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Cloud_and_Banner" title="Order of the Cloud and Banner">Special Grand Cordon of the Order of the Cloud and Banner</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Order_of_the_Cloud_and_Banner_1st.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Order_of_the_Cloud_and_Banner_1st.gif/80px-Order_of_the_Cloud_and_Banner_1st.gif" decoding="async" width="80" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/36/Order_of_the_Cloud_and_Banner_1st.gif 1.5x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="30" /></a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-208">[207]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /> <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Distinguished_Service_Medal_(U.S._Army)" title="Distinguished Service Medal (U.S. Army)">Distinguished Service Medal</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:U.S._Army_Distinguished_Service_Medal_ribbon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/U.S._Army_Distinguished_Service_Medal_ribbon.svg/80px-U.S._Army_Distinguished_Service_Medal_ribbon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/U.S._Army_Distinguished_Service_Medal_ribbon.svg/120px-U.S._Army_Distinguished_Service_Medal_ribbon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/U.S._Army_Distinguished_Service_Medal_ribbon.svg/160px-U.S._Army_Distinguished_Service_Medal_ribbon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-209">[208]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Asiatic-Pacific_Campaign_Medal" class="mw-redirect" title="Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal">Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal</a> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; width:80px; border:none; line-height:1.5em; display:-moz-inline-stack; display:inline-block; zoom:1; *display:inline;"><div style="position:relative; display:inline-block;"><div style="position: absolute; left: 17px; top: 3px; padding: 0;"><a href="/wiki/File:Ribbonstar-bronze.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bronze service star"><img alt="Bronze star" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Ribbonstar-bronze.svg/14px-Ribbonstar-bronze.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Ribbonstar-bronze.svg/21px-Ribbonstar-bronze.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Ribbonstar-bronze.svg/28px-Ribbonstar-bronze.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="214" data-file-height="200" /></a></div><div style="position: absolute; left: 48px; top: 3px; padding: 0;"><a href="/wiki/File:Ribbonstar-bronze.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bronze service star"><img alt="Bronze star" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Ribbonstar-bronze.svg/14px-Ribbonstar-bronze.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Ribbonstar-bronze.svg/21px-Ribbonstar-bronze.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Ribbonstar-bronze.svg/28px-Ribbonstar-bronze.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="214" data-file-height="200" /></a></div><a href="/wiki/File:Asiatic-Pacific_Campaign_Medal_ribbon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Asiatic-Pacific_Campaign_Medal_ribbon.svg/80px-Asiatic-Pacific_Campaign_Medal_ribbon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Asiatic-Pacific_Campaign_Medal_ribbon.svg/120px-Asiatic-Pacific_Campaign_Medal_ribbon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Asiatic-Pacific_Campaign_Medal_ribbon.svg/160px-Asiatic-Pacific_Campaign_Medal_ribbon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="279" /></a></div></div> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> </td> <td rowspan="2">1946 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Knight_Companion_of_the_Order_of_the_Garter" class="mw-redirect" title="Knight Companion of the Order of the Garter">Knight Companion of the Order of the Garter</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Order_of_the_Garter_UK_ribbon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Order_of_the_Garter_UK_ribbon.svg/80px-Order_of_the_Garter_UK_ribbon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Order_of_the_Garter_UK_ribbon.svg/120px-Order_of_the_Garter_UK_ribbon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Order_of_the_Garter_UK_ribbon.svg/160px-Order_of_the_Garter_UK_ribbon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a> </td> <td>KG </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-210">[209]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Flag_of_Greece_%281822-1978%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Greece_%281822-1978%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Flag_of_Greece_%281822-1978%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Greece_%281822-1978%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Flag_of_Greece_%281822-1978%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Greece_%281822-1978%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Greece" title="Kingdom of Greece">Kingdom of Greece</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Order_of_George_I" title="Order of George I">Knight Grand Cross of the Order of George I</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:GRE_Order_of_George_I_-_Grand_Cross_BAR.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/GRE_Order_of_George_I_-_Grand_Cross_BAR.png/80px-GRE_Order_of_George_I_-_Grand_Cross_BAR.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/GRE_Order_of_George_I_-_Grand_Cross_BAR.png/120px-GRE_Order_of_George_I_-_Grand_Cross_BAR.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/GRE_Order_of_George_I_-_Grand_Cross_BAR.png/160px-GRE_Order_of_George_I_-_Grand_Cross_BAR.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-211">[210]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/23px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/35px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/45px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Kingdom of Thailand</a> </td> <td>21 January 1946 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_White_Elephant" title="Order of the White Elephant">Knight Grand Cordon of the Order of the White Elephant</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Order_of_the_White_Elephant_-_Special_Class_(Thailand)_ribbon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Order_of_the_White_Elephant_-_Special_Class_%28Thailand%29_ribbon.svg/80px-Order_of_the_White_Elephant_-_Special_Class_%28Thailand%29_ribbon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Order_of_the_White_Elephant_-_Special_Class_%28Thailand%29_ribbon.svg/120px-Order_of_the_White_Elephant_-_Special_Class_%28Thailand%29_ribbon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Order_of_the_White_Elephant_-_Special_Class_%28Thailand%29_ribbon.svg/160px-Order_of_the_White_Elephant_-_Special_Class_%28Thailand%29_ribbon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="32" /></a> </td> <td>PCh (KCE) </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-AP7-17-65-212">[211]</a><a href="#cite_note-213">[212]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/16px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/25px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/33px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="726" data-file-height="885" /> <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Nepal" title="Kingdom of Nepal">Kingdom of Nepal</a> </td> <td>10 May 1946 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Star_of_Nepal" title="Order of the Star of Nepal">Grand Commander of the Order of the Star of Nepal</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Most_Refulgent_Order_of_the_Star_of_Nepal.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Most_Refulgent_Order_of_the_Star_of_Nepal.PNG/80px-Most_Refulgent_Order_of_the_Star_of_Nepal.PNG" decoding="async" width="80" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5a/Most_Refulgent_Order_of_the_Star_of_Nepal.PNG 1.5x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="30" /></a> </td> <td rowspan="3"> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-AP7-17-65-212">[211]</a><a href="#cite_note-214">[213]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> </td> <td rowspan="2">3 June 1946 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Grand_Cross_of_the_Legion_of_Honour" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Cross of the Legion of Honour">Grand Cross of the Legion of Honour</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Legion_Honneur_GC_ribbon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Legion_Honneur_GC_ribbon.svg/80px-Legion_Honneur_GC_ribbon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Legion_Honneur_GC_ribbon.svg/120px-Legion_Honneur_GC_ribbon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Legion_Honneur_GC_ribbon.svg/160px-Legion_Honneur_GC_ribbon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-AP7-17-65-212">[211]</a><a href="#cite_note-Ziegler_1988_341-215">[214]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1939%E2%80%931945_War_Cross_(France)" class="mw-redirect" title="1939–1945 War Cross (France)">1939–1945 War Cross</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Croix_de_Guerre_1939-1945_ribbon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Croix_de_Guerre_1939-1945_ribbon.svg/80px-Croix_de_Guerre_1939-1945_ribbon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Croix_de_Guerre_1939-1945_ribbon.svg/120px-Croix_de_Guerre_1939-1945_ribbon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Croix_de_Guerre_1939-1945_ribbon.svg/160px-Croix_de_Guerre_1939-1945_ribbon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-Ziegler_1988_341-215">[214]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /><a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">India</a> </td> <td rowspan="2">1947 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Knight_Grand_Commander_of_the_Order_of_the_Star_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Knight Grand Commander of the Order of the Star of India">Knight Grand Commander of the Order of the Star of India</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:ImperialOrderCrownIndiaRibbon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/ImperialOrderCrownIndiaRibbon.svg/80px-ImperialOrderCrownIndiaRibbon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/ImperialOrderCrownIndiaRibbon.svg/120px-ImperialOrderCrownIndiaRibbon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/ImperialOrderCrownIndiaRibbon.svg/160px-ImperialOrderCrownIndiaRibbon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a> </td> <td>GCSI </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-216">[215]</a><a href="#cite_note-VGG-217">[n 2]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Knight_Grand_Commander_of_the_Order_of_the_Indian_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Knight Grand Commander of the Order of the Indian Empire">Knight Grand Commander of the Order of the Indian Empire</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Order_of_the_Indian_Empire_Ribbon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Order_of_the_Indian_Empire_Ribbon.svg/80px-Order_of_the_Indian_Empire_Ribbon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Order_of_the_Indian_Empire_Ribbon.svg/120px-Order_of_the_Indian_Empire_Ribbon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Order_of_the_Indian_Empire_Ribbon.svg/160px-Order_of_the_Indian_Empire_Ribbon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a> </td> <td>GCIE </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-218">[216]</a><a href="#cite_note-VGG-217">[n 2]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">1948 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Indian_Independence_Medal" title="Indian Independence Medal">Indian Independence Medal</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Indian_Independence_medal_1947.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Indian_Independence_medal_1947.svg/80px-Indian_Independence_medal_1947.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Indian_Independence_medal_1947.svg/120px-Indian_Independence_medal_1947.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Indian_Independence_medal_1947.svg/160px-Indian_Independence_medal_1947.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a> </td> <td rowspan="2"> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Netherlands" title="Kingdom of the Netherlands">Kingdom of the Netherlands</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Netherlands_Lion" title="Order of the Netherlands Lion">Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Netherlands Lion</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:NLD_Order_of_the_Dutch_Lion_-_Grand_Cross_BAR.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/NLD_Order_of_the_Dutch_Lion_-_Grand_Cross_BAR.png/80px-NLD_Order_of_the_Dutch_Lion_-_Grand_Cross_BAR.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/NLD_Order_of_the_Dutch_Lion_-_Grand_Cross_BAR.png/120px-NLD_Order_of_the_Dutch_Lion_-_Grand_Cross_BAR.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/NLD_Order_of_the_Dutch_Lion_-_Grand_Cross_BAR.png/160px-NLD_Order_of_the_Dutch_Lion_-_Grand_Cross_BAR.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-219">[217]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/35px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/45px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /> <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portuguese Republic</a> </td> <td>1951 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Order_of_Aviz" class="mw-redirect" title="Order of Aviz">Knight Grand Cross of the Order of Aviz</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:PRT_Military_Order_of_Aviz_-_Grand_Cross_BAR.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/PRT_Military_Order_of_Aviz_-_Grand_Cross_BAR.svg/80px-PRT_Military_Order_of_Aviz_-_Grand_Cross_BAR.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/PRT_Military_Order_of_Aviz_-_Grand_Cross_BAR.svg/120px-PRT_Military_Order_of_Aviz_-_Grand_Cross_BAR.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/PRT_Military_Order_of_Aviz_-_Grand_Cross_BAR.svg/160px-PRT_Military_Order_of_Aviz_-_Grand_Cross_BAR.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a> </td> <td>GCA </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-debretts1976-201">[200]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> </td> <td rowspan="2">1952 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Queen_Elizabeth_II_Coronation_Medal" title="Queen Elizabeth II Coronation Medal">Queen Elizabeth II Coronation Medal</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:UK_Queen_EII_Coronation_Medal_ribbon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/UK_Queen_EII_Coronation_Medal_ribbon.svg/80px-UK_Queen_EII_Coronation_Medal_ribbon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/UK_Queen_EII_Coronation_Medal_ribbon.svg/120px-UK_Queen_EII_Coronation_Medal_ribbon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/UK_Queen_EII_Coronation_Medal_ribbon.svg/160px-UK_Queen_EII_Coronation_Medal_ribbon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a> </td> <td> </td> <td rowspan="2"> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /> <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Kingdom of Sweden</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Royal_Order_of_the_Seraphim" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Order of the Seraphim">Knight of the Royal Order of the Seraphim</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Seraphimerorden_ribbon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Seraphimerorden_ribbon.svg/80px-Seraphimerorden_ribbon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Seraphimerorden_ribbon.svg/120px-Seraphimerorden_ribbon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Seraphimerorden_ribbon.svg/160px-Seraphimerorden_ribbon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a> </td> <td>RSerafO </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> </td> <td>1955 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Knight_Grand_Cross_of_the_Order_of_the_Bath" class="mw-redirect" title="Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath">Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Order_of_the_Bath_UK_ribbon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Order_of_the_Bath_UK_ribbon.svg/80px-Order_of_the_Bath_UK_ribbon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Order_of_the_Bath_UK_ribbon.svg/120px-Order_of_the_Bath_UK_ribbon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Order_of_the_Bath_UK_ribbon.svg/160px-Order_of_the_Bath_UK_ribbon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a> </td> <td>GCB </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-220">[218]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_Burma_%281948%E2%80%931974%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Burma_%281948%E2%80%931974%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_Burma_%281948%E2%80%931974%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Burma_%281948%E2%80%931974%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_Burma_%281948%E2%80%931974%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Burma_%281948%E2%80%931974%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Union_of_Burma_(1948%E2%80%931962)" title="Union of Burma (1948–1962)">Union of Burma</a> </td> <td>1956 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Thiri_Thudhamma_Thingaha" title="Thiri Thudhamma Thingaha">Grand Commander of the Order of Thiri Thudhamma</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Ordine_della_Verit%C3%A0_-_divisione_militare_(Birmania).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Ordine_della_Verit%C3%A0_-_divisione_militare_%28Birmania%29.png/80px-Ordine_della_Verit%C3%A0_-_divisione_militare_%28Birmania%29.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Ordine_della_Verit%C3%A0_-_divisione_militare_%28Birmania%29.png/120px-Ordine_della_Verit%C3%A0_-_divisione_militare_%28Birmania%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Ordine_della_Verit%C3%A0_-_divisione_militare_%28Birmania%29.png/160px-Ordine_della_Verit%C3%A0_-_divisione_militare_%28Birmania%29.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="58" /></a> </td> <td rowspan="2"> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-diaries-206">[205]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/20px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/31px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/40px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387" /> <a href="/wiki/Danish_Realm" title="Danish Realm">Kingdom of Denmark</a> </td> <td>1962 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Dannebrog" title="Order of the Dannebrog">Grand Cross of the Order of the Dannebrog</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Order_of_the_Dannebrog_S.K.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Order_of_the_Dannebrog_S.K.svg/80px-Order_of_the_Dannebrog_S.K.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Order_of_the_Dannebrog_S.K.svg/120px-Order_of_the_Dannebrog_S.K.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Order_of_the_Dannebrog_S.K.svg/160px-Order_of_the_Dannebrog_S.K.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-debretts1976-201">[200]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> </td> <td rowspan="2">1965 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Member_of_the_Order_of_Merit" class="mw-redirect" title="Member of the Order of Merit">Member of the Order of Merit</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Gal%C3%B3_de_l%27Orde_del_M%C3%A8rit_(UK).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Gal%C3%B3_de_l%27Orde_del_M%C3%A8rit_%28UK%29.svg/80px-Gal%C3%B3_de_l%27Orde_del_M%C3%A8rit_%28UK%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Gal%C3%B3_de_l%27Orde_del_M%C3%A8rit_%28UK%29.svg/120px-Gal%C3%B3_de_l%27Orde_del_M%C3%A8rit_%28UK%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Gal%C3%B3_de_l%27Orde_del_M%C3%A8rit_%28UK%29.svg/160px-Gal%C3%B3_de_l%27Orde_del_M%C3%A8rit_%28UK%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a> </td> <td>OM </td> <td>Military Division <a href="#cite_note-221">[219]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Ethiopia_%281897%E2%80%931974%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ethiopia_%281897%E2%80%931974%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Ethiopia_%281897%E2%80%931974%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ethiopia_%281897%E2%80%931974%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Ethiopia_%281897%E2%80%931974%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ethiopia_%281897%E2%80%931974%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Empire" title="Ethiopian Empire">Ethiopian Empire</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Seal_of_Solomon" title="Order of the Seal of Solomon">Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Seal of Solomon</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:ETH_Order_of_Solomon_BAR.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/ETH_Order_of_Solomon_BAR.png/80px-ETH_Order_of_Solomon_BAR.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/ETH_Order_of_Solomon_BAR.png/120px-ETH_Order_of_Solomon_BAR.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/ETH_Order_of_Solomon_BAR.png/160px-ETH_Order_of_Solomon_BAR.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a> </td> <td>S.K. </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-debretts1976-201">[200]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Maldives.svg/23px-Flag_of_Maldives.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Maldives.svg/35px-Flag_of_Maldives.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Maldives.svg/45px-Flag_of_Maldives.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="480" /> Maldives </td> <td>1972 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Distinguished_Rule_of_Izzuddin" class="mw-redirect" title="Order of the Distinguished Rule of Izzuddin">Order of the Distinguished Rule of Izzuddin</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Order_of_Izzuddin_(ribbon).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Order_of_Izzuddin_%28ribbon%29.svg/80px-Order_of_Izzuddin_%28ribbon%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Order_of_Izzuddin_%28ribbon%29.svg/120px-Order_of_Izzuddin_%28ribbon%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Order_of_Izzuddin_%28ribbon%29.svg/160px-Order_of_Izzuddin_%28ribbon%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a> </td> <td rowspan="4"> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-222">[220]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/16px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/25px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/33px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="726" data-file-height="885" /> <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Nepal" title="Kingdom of Nepal">Kingdom of Nepal</a> </td> <td>24 February 1975 </td> <td>King Birendra Coronation Medal </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:King_Birendra_Investiture_Medal_1975.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/King_Birendra_Investiture_Medal_1975.png/80px-King_Birendra_Investiture_Medal_1975.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/King_Birendra_Investiture_Medal_1975.png/120px-King_Birendra_Investiture_Medal_1975.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f6/King_Birendra_Investiture_Medal_1975.png 2x" data-file-width="153" data-file-height="43" /></a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-223">[221]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> </td> <td>1977 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Queen_Elizabeth_II_Silver_Jubilee_Medal" title="Queen Elizabeth II Silver Jubilee Medal">Queen Elizabeth II Silver Jubilee Medal</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:UK_Queen_Elizabeth_II_Silver_Jubilee_Medal_ribbon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/UK_Queen_Elizabeth_II_Silver_Jubilee_Medal_ribbon.svg/80px-UK_Queen_Elizabeth_II_Silver_Jubilee_Medal_ribbon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/UK_Queen_Elizabeth_II_Silver_Jubilee_Medal_ribbon.svg/120px-UK_Queen_Elizabeth_II_Silver_Jubilee_Medal_ribbon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/UK_Queen_Elizabeth_II_Silver_Jubilee_Medal_ribbon.svg/160px-UK_Queen_Elizabeth_II_Silver_Jubilee_Medal_ribbon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a> </td> <td rowspan="2"> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Naval_General_Service_Medal_(1915)" title="Naval General Service Medal (1915)">Naval General Service Medal</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Naval_General_Service_Medal_1915_BAR.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Naval_General_Service_Medal_1915_BAR.svg/80px-Naval_General_Service_Medal_1915_BAR.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Naval_General_Service_Medal_1915_BAR.svg/120px-Naval_General_Service_Medal_1915_BAR.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Naval_General_Service_Medal_1915_BAR.svg/160px-Naval_General_Service_Medal_1915_BAR.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a> </td></tr></tbody></table> He was appointed <a href="/wiki/Personal_aide-de-camp" title="Personal aide-de-camp">personal aide-de-camp</a> by Edward VIII, George VI<a href="#cite_note-224">[222]</a> and Elizabeth II, and therefore bore the unusual distinction of being allowed to wear three royal cyphers on his epaulettes.<a href="#cite_note-225">[223]</a><a href="#cite_note-226">[224]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Arms">Arms</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lord_Mountbatten&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Arms">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="max-width: 100%"> <caption class="nowrap">Coat of arms of Lord Mountbatten </caption> <tbody><tr> <td style="width: 220px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_Arms_of_Louis_Mountbatten,_1st_Earl_Mountbatten_of_Burma.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Coat_of_Arms_of_Louis_Mountbatten%2C_1st_Earl_Mountbatten_of_Burma.svg/220px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Louis_Mountbatten%2C_1st_Earl_Mountbatten_of_Burma.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="253" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Coat_of_Arms_of_Louis_Mountbatten%2C_1st_Earl_Mountbatten_of_Burma.svg/330px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Louis_Mountbatten%2C_1st_Earl_Mountbatten_of_Burma.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Coat_of_Arms_of_Louis_Mountbatten%2C_1st_Earl_Mountbatten_of_Burma.svg/440px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Louis_Mountbatten%2C_1st_Earl_Mountbatten_of_Burma.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1722" /></a> </td> <td style="min-width:175px;"> <dl><dt>Notes</dt> <dd>The arms of the Earl Mountbatten of Burma consist of:</dd> <dt>Crest</dt> <dd>Crests of Hesse modified and Battenberg.</dd> <dt>Helm</dt> <dd>Helms of Hesse modified and Battenberg.</dd> <dt>Escutcheon</dt> <dd>Within the Garter, Quarterly, 1st and 4th, Hesse with a bordure compony argent and gules; 2nd and 3rd, Battenberg; charged at the honour point with an inescutcheon of the British Royal arms with a label of three points argent, the centre point charged with a rose gules and each of the others with an ermine spot sable (Princess Alice, his grandmother).<a href="#cite_note-227">[225]</a></dd> <dt>Supporters</dt> <dd>Two Lions queue fourchée and crowned all or.</dd> <dt>Motto</dt> <dd>In honour bound</dd> <dt>Orders</dt> <dd>The <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Garter" title="Order of the Garter">Order of the Garter</a> ribbon. Honi soit qui mal y pense (Shame be to him who thinks evil of it)</dd></dl> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lord_Mountbatten&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> Mountbatten's family dropped their princely titles in 1917, after which he was styled Lord Louis Mountbatten until 1946. He was styled The Viscount Mountbatten of Burma from 1946 to 1947. </li> <li id="cite_note-VGG-217">^ <a href="#cite_ref-VGG_217-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-VGG_217-1">b</a> As Viceroy and Governor-General of India, who was the ex officio Grand Master of the order. </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lord_Mountbatten&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Footnotes">Footnotes</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lord_Mountbatten&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Footnotes">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Sanajaoba223-2">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Sanajaoba223_2-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sanajaoba223_2-1">b</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFSanajaoba1991" class="citation book cs1">Sanajaoba, Naorem (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=9eYC4tjzyi4C&pg=PA223">Law and Society: Strategy for Public Choice, 2001</a>. Mittal Publications. p. 223. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-7099-271-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-7099-271-4"><bdi>978-81-7099-271-4</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240315055902/https://books.google.com/books?id=9eYC4tjzyi4C&pg=PA223">Archived</a> from the original on 15 March 2024. Retrieved 15 March 2024. <q>The princely states had been wooed by Mountbatten, Patel and Nehru to join the Indian Dominion</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Law+and+Society%3A+Strategy+for+Public+Choice%2C+2001&rft.pages=223&rft.pub=Mittal+Publications&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=978-81-7099-271-4&rft.aulast=Sanajaoba&rft.aufirst=Naorem&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D9eYC4tjzyi4C%26pg%3DPA223&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALord+Mountbatten" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/term/BIOG4103">"Louis Mountbatten, 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma"</a>. British Museum. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210925044010/https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/term/BIOG4103">Archived</a> from the original on 25 September 2021. 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Retrieved 14 January 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=First+World+War&rft.pub=Nationalarchives.gov.uk&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nationalarchives.gov.uk%2Fpathways%2Ffirstworldwar%2Ftranscripts%2Fservice_records%2Fnavalofficer_sr.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALord+Mountbatten" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLownie2019">Lownie (2019)</a>, p. 131 </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFKhanna2015">Khanna (2015)</a>, p. 53 </li> <li id="cite_note-villa-44"><a href="#cite_ref-villa_44-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFVilla1989">Villa (1989)</a>, pp. 240–241. </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archives.cbc.ca/IDC-1-71-2359-13811/conflict_war/dieppe/clip6">"Who Was Responsible For Dieppe?"</a>. 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BBC. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180727173721/http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/mountbatten_lord_louis.shtml">Archived</a> from the original on 27 July 2018. 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The New York Times. 5 September 1979. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180123131634/http://www.nytimes.com/1979/09/05/archives/japan-is-not-invited-to-lord-mountbattens-funeral-lord-mountbatten.html">Archived</a> from the original on 23 January 2018. Retrieved 9 July 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Japan+is+not+invited+to+Lord+Mountbatten%27s+Funeral&rft.date=1979-09-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1979%2F09%2F05%2Farchives%2Fjapan-is-not-invited-to-lord-mountbattens-funeral-lord-mountbatten.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALord+Mountbatten" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGanguly2021" class="citation journal cs1">Ganguly, Sumit (February 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021911820003964">"A Chequered Brilliance: The Many Lives of V. K. Krishna Menon. By Jairam Ramesh. New Delhi: Penguin Random House India, 2019. 744 pp. ISBN: 9780670092321 (cloth)"</a>. 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(Attlee to Mountbatten, 18 March 1947, ibid, 972–974)" </li> <li id="cite_note-White2012-61">^ <a href="#cite_ref-White2012_61-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-White2012_61-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFWhite2012">White (2012)</a>, p. 428. </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFWolpert2006">Wolpert (2006)</a>, p. 130 </li> <li id="cite_note-SarJinna-63">^ <a href="#cite_ref-SarJinna_63-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-SarJinna_63-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFSardesai2007">Sardesai (2007)</a>, pp. 309–313. </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFWolpert2006">Wolpert (2006)</a>, p. 141. </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGreenberg2005">Greenberg (2005)</a>, p. 89 </li> <li id="cite_note-Ziegler355-66"><a href="#cite_ref-Ziegler355_66-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFZiegler1985">Ziegler (1985)</a>, p. 355. </li> <li id="cite_note-crwflags1996-67">^ <a href="#cite_ref-crwflags1996_67-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-crwflags1996_67-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDipesh_Navsaria1996" class="citation web cs1">Dipesh Navsaria (27 July 1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/in!.html">"Indian Flag Proposals"</a>. Flags of the World. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230531044153/https://crwflags.com/fotw/flags/in!.html">Archived</a> from the original on 31 May 2023. Retrieved 14 March 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Flags+of+the+World&rft.atitle=Indian+Flag+Proposals&rft.date=1996-07-27&rft.au=Dipesh+Navsaria&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.crwflags.com%2Ffotw%2Fflags%2Fin%21.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALord+Mountbatten" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFWolpert2006">Wolpert (2006)</a>, p. 139. </li> <li id="cite_note-Ziegler373-69"><a href="#cite_ref-Ziegler373_69-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFZiegler1985">Ziegler (1985)</a>, p. 373. </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://indianexpress.com/article/research/how-vallabhbhai-patel-v-p-menon-and-mountbatten-unified-india-4915468/">"How Vallabhbhai Patel, V P Menon and Mountbatten unified India"</a>. 31 October 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221215161435/https://indianexpress.com/article/research/how-vallabhbhai-patel-v-p-menon-and-mountbatten-unified-india-4915468/">Archived</a> from the original on 15 December 2022. Retrieved 19 August 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=How+Vallabhbhai+Patel%2C+V+P+Menon+and+Mountbatten+unified+India&rft.date=2017-10-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Findianexpress.com%2Farticle%2Fresearch%2Fhow-vallabhbhai-patel-v-p-menon-and-mountbatten-unified-india-4915468%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALord+Mountbatten" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGuha2008">Guha (2008)</a>, p. 57. </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFStoessinger2010">Stoessinger (2010)</a>, p. 185. </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTalbotSingh2009">Talbot & Singh (2009)</a>, p. xvii. </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFKhan2007">Khan (2007)</a>, pp. 100–101. </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHodson1980">Hodson (1980)</a>, pp. 102–106 </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTunzelmann2007">Tunzelmann (2007)</a>, p. 4 </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a> See, e.g., <a href="#CITEREFWolpert2006">Wolpert (2006)</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120809005357/http://www.windsorscottish.com/pl-lp-jkgalbraith.php">"People: Scots of Windsor's Past"</a>. 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Retrieved 20 September 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=The+Defence+of+the+Realm%3A+The+Authorized+History+of+MI5+by+Christopher+Andrew&rft.date=2009-10-10&rft.aulast=Leigh&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fbooks%2F2009%2Foct%2F10%2Fdefence-of-the-realm-mi5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALord+Mountbatten" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><a href="#cite_ref-118">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.charliechaplin.com/en/films/9-Limelight/articles/300-Nice-and-Friendly">"Nice and Friendly"</a>. 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Retrieved 5 August 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Charlie+Chaplin+Official+Website&rft.atitle=Nice+and+Friendly&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.charliechaplin.com%2Fen%2Ffilms%2F9-Limelight%2Farticles%2F300-Nice-and-Friendly&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALord+Mountbatten" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><a href="#cite_ref-119">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChaplin2018" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Charlie_Chaplin" title="Charlie Chaplin">Chaplin, Charlie</a> (6 July 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-3K1R5_0qes">"WATCH: Charlie Chaplin - Nice and Friendly (1922)"</a> (video). youtube.com. <a href="/wiki/PBS_News_Hour" title="PBS News Hour">PBS News Hour</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190426120006/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-3K1R5_0qes">Archived</a> from the original on 26 April 2019. Retrieved 10 March 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=youtube.com&rft.atitle=WATCH%3A+Charlie+Chaplin+-+Nice+and+Friendly+%281922%29&rft.date=2018-07-06&rft.aulast=Chaplin&rft.aufirst=Charlie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3D-3K1R5_0qes&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALord+Mountbatten" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-120"><a href="#cite_ref-120">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFZiegler1985">Ziegler (1985)</a>, p. 53. </li> <li id="cite_note-hicks-121">^ <a href="#cite_ref-hicks_121-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-hicks_121-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFHicks2012">Hicks (2012)</a>, p. 24 </li> <li id="cite_note-122"><a href="#cite_ref-122">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAubenasChardinDemange2007">Aubenas, Chardin & Demange (2007)</a>, pp. 91, 111 </li> <li id="cite_note-thetimes1-123">^ <a href="#cite_ref-thetimes1_123-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-thetimes1_123-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-thetimes1_123-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLownie2017" class="citation news cs1">Lownie, Andrew (7 November 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/the-love-lives-of-lord-and-lady-mountbatten-bedhopping-gay-affairs-and-dangerous-liaisons-p7wqpk7xz">"The love lives of Lord and Lady Mountbatten – bedhopping, gay affairs and dangerous liaisons"</a>. The Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210509184316/https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/the-love-lives-of-lord-and-lady-mountbatten-bedhopping-gay-affairs-and-dangerous-liaisons-p7wqpk7xz">Archived</a> from the original on 9 May 2021. Retrieved 23 August 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times&rft.atitle=The+love+lives+of+Lord+and+Lady+Mountbatten+%E2%80%93+bedhopping%2C+gay+affairs+and+dangerous+liaisons&rft.date=2017-11-07&rft.aulast=Lownie&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thetimes.co.uk%2Farticle%2Fthe-love-lives-of-lord-and-lady-mountbatten-bedhopping-gay-affairs-and-dangerous-liaisons-p7wqpk7xz&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALord+Mountbatten" class="Z3988">(subscription required) </li> <li id="cite_note-124"><a href="#cite_ref-124">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShukla2019" class="citation web cs1">Shukla, Srijan (25 August 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://theprint.in/world/the-private-lives-of-the-mountbattens-open-marriage-flings-and-paedophilia/281688/">"The private lives of the Mountbattens — Open marriage, flings and paedophilia"</a>. <a href="/wiki/ThePrint" title="ThePrint">ThePrint</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220103071036/https://theprint.in/world/the-private-lives-of-the-mountbattens-open-marriage-flings-and-paedophilia/281688/">Archived</a> from the original on 3 January 2022. Retrieved 3 January 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ThePrint&rft.atitle=The+private+lives+of+the+Mountbattens+%E2%80%94+Open+marriage%2C+flings+and+paedophilia&rft.date=2019-08-25&rft.aulast=Shukla&rft.aufirst=Srijan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftheprint.in%2Fworld%2Fthe-private-lives-of-the-mountbattens-open-marriage-flings-and-paedophilia%2F281688%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALord+Mountbatten" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-125"><a href="#cite_ref-125">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.news.com.au/entertainment/celebrity-life/royals/prince-charles-mentor-lord-mountbatten-was-a-homosexual-with-a-perversion-for-young-boys-fbi-files-claim/news-story/5ab4fdb8c928610bd9a123a018b27b53">"Prince Charles' mentor 'perverted'"</a>. News.com.au. 18 August 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190819005901/https://www.news.com.au/entertainment/celebrity-life/royals/prince-charles-mentor-lord-mountbatten-was-a-homosexual-with-a-perversion-for-young-boys-fbi-files-claim/news-story/5ab4fdb8c928610bd9a123a018b27b53">Archived</a> from the original on 19 August 2019. Retrieved 19 August 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=News.com.au&rft.atitle=Prince+Charles%27+mentor+%27perverted%27&rft.date=2019-08-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.news.com.au%2Fentertainment%2Fcelebrity-life%2Froyals%2Fprince-charles-mentor-lord-mountbatten-was-a-homosexual-with-a-perversion-for-young-boys-fbi-files-claim%2Fnews-story%2F5ab4fdb8c928610bd9a123a018b27b53&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALord+Mountbatten" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-sdaytimes-126">^ <a href="#cite_ref-sdaytimes_126-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-sdaytimes_126-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTucker2019" class="citation news cs1">Tucker, Grant (18 August 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/lord-mountbattens-lust-for-young-men-revealed-90swzmgms">"Lord Mountbatten's 'lust for young men' revealed"</a>. The Sunday Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210410004628/https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/lord-mountbattens-lust-for-young-men-revealed-90swzmgms">Archived</a> from the original on 10 April 2021. Retrieved 31 March 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Sunday+Times&rft.atitle=Lord+Mountbatten%27s+%27lust+for+young+men%27+revealed&rft.date=2019-08-18&rft.aulast=Tucker&rft.aufirst=Grant&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thetimes.co.uk%2Farticle%2Flord-mountbattens-lust-for-young-men-revealed-90swzmgms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALord+Mountbatten" class="Z3988">(subscription required) </li> <li id="cite_note-127"><a href="#cite_ref-127">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2000/apr/23/monarchy.vanessathorpe">"Book tells of 'bored, bullied' Queen"</a>. The Guardian. 23 April 2000. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210327233712/https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2000/apr/23/monarchy.vanessathorpe">Archived</a> from the original on 27 March 2021. Retrieved 23 November 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Book+tells+of+%27bored%2C+bullied%27+Queen&rft.date=2000-04-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fuk%2F2000%2Fapr%2F23%2Fmonarchy.vanessathorpe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALord+Mountbatten" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-128"><a href="#cite_ref-128">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.news.com.au/entertainment/celebrity-life/royals/fbi-files-claim-lord-louis-mountbatten-had-a-perversion-for-young-boys/news-story/3647da9b3e938ae4aa5d0f3608639479">"FBI files claim Lord Louis Mountbatten was known to be a homosexual and had a 'perversion for young boys"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210806152355/https://www.news.com.au/entertainment/celebrity-life/royals/fbi-files-claim-lord-louis-mountbatten-had-a-perversion-for-young-boys/news-story/3647da9b3e938ae4aa5d0f3608639479">Archived</a> from the original on 6 August 2021. 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The Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210424093238/https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/the-mountbattens-by-andrew-lownie-review-dickie-and-edwina-unwrapped-0jbnqllgd">Archived</a> from the original on 24 April 2021. Retrieved 31 March 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times&rft.atitle=The+Mountbattens+by+Andrew+Lownie+review+%E2%80%94+the+dark+side+of+a+famous+marriage&rft.date=2019-08-30&rft.aulast=Graham&rft.aufirst=Ysenda+Maxtone&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thetimes.co.uk%2Farticle%2Fthe-mountbattens-by-andrew-lownie-review-dickie-and-edwina-unwrapped-0jbnqllgd&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALord+Mountbatten" class="Z3988">(subscription required) </li> <li id="cite_note-131"><a href="#cite_ref-131">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohnson2019" class="citation news cs1">Johnson, Kathryn (28 November 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/news/northern-ireland/mountbatten-book-author-seeks-more-transparency-over-child-sex-allegations-38732730.html">"Mountbatten book author seeks more transparency over child sex allegations"</a>. 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London. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/theroyalfamily/9950397/Queen-Mother-may-get-blue-plaque-tribute.html">Archived</a> from the original on 10 January 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Queen+Mother+may+get+blue+plaque+tribute&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuknews%2Ftheroyalfamily%2F9950397%2FQueen-Mother-may-get-blue-plaque-tribute.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALord+Mountbatten" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-163"><a href="#cite_ref-163">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/northernireland/9366701/Tim-Knatchbull-the-IRA-killed-my-grandfather-but-Im-glad-the-Queen-met-their-man.html">"Tim Knatchbull: The IRA killed my grandfather, but I'm glad the Queen met their man"</a>. The Telegraph. London. 1 July 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/northernireland/9366701/Tim-Knatchbull-the-IRA-killed-my-grandfather-but-Im-glad-the-Queen-met-their-man.html">Archived</a> from the original on 10 January 2022. Retrieved 20 September 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Tim+Knatchbull%3A+The+IRA+killed+my+grandfather%2C+but+I%27m+glad+the+Queen+met+their+man&rft.date=2012-07-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuknews%2Fnorthernireland%2F9366701%2FTim-Knatchbull-the-IRA-killed-my-grandfather-but-Im-glad-the-Queen-met-their-man.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALord+Mountbatten" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-164"><a href="#cite_ref-164">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://alphahistory.com/northernireland/lord-louis-mountbatten/">"Lord Louis Mountbatten"</a>. Alpha History. 19 April 2016. Retrieved 19 November 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lord+Louis+Mountbatten&rft.pub=Alpha+History&rft.date=2016-04-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Falphahistory.com%2Fnorthernireland%2Flord-louis-mountbatten%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALord+Mountbatten" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-165"><a href="#cite_ref-165">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSeward2015">Seward (2015)</a>, p. 79 </li> <li id="cite_note-166"><a href="#cite_ref-166">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/8418150.stm">"Files show US-UK tensions over Northern Ireland in 1979"</a>. BBC. 30 December 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220720205128/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/8418150.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 20 July 2022. Retrieved 19 November 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Files+show+US-UK+tensions+over+Northern+Ireland+in+1979&rft.date=2009-12-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fuk%2F8418150.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALord+Mountbatten" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FWAF-167">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FWAF_167-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FWAF_167-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJim_Rooney2019" class="citation book cs1">Jim Rooney (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=JCgDEAAAQBAJ&pg=PT136">A Different Way to Win: Dan Rooney's Story: From the Super Bowl to the Rooney Rule</a>. AMTZ Chiloé Publishing, LLC. pp. 136–137. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9-7817-3340-4921" title="Special:BookSources/9-7817-3340-4921"><bdi>9-7817-3340-4921</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230820143101/https://books.google.com/books?id=JCgDEAAAQBAJ&pg=PT136">Archived</a> from the original on 20 August 2023. Retrieved 30 April 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Different+Way+to+Win%3A+Dan+Rooney%27s+Story%3A+From+the+Super+Bowl+to+the+Rooney+Rule&rft.pages=136-137&rft.pub=AMTZ+Chilo%C3%A9+Publishing%2C+LLC&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=9-7817-3340-4921&rft.au=Jim+Rooney&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJCgDEAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT136&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALord+Mountbatten" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-168"><a href="#cite_ref-168">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJames_Adams2017" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/James_Adams_(entrepreneur)" title="James Adams (entrepreneur)">James Adams</a> (10 April 2017). The Financing of Terror. Independently Published. p. 155. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-5210-0362-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-5210-0362-6"><bdi>978-1-5210-0362-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Financing+of+Terror&rft.pages=155&rft.pub=Independently+Published&rft.date=2017-04-10&rft.isbn=978-1-5210-0362-6&rft.au=James+Adams&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALord+Mountbatten" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-169"><a href="#cite_ref-169">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAndrew_J._Wilson1995" class="citation book cs1">Andrew J. Wilson (1 January 1995). Irish America and the Ulster Conflict: 1968-1995. Catholic University of America Press. p. 152. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8132-08351" title="Special:BookSources/0-8132-08351"><bdi>0-8132-08351</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Irish+America+and+the+Ulster+Conflict%3A+1968-1995&rft.pages=152&rft.pub=Catholic+University+of+America+Press&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.isbn=0-8132-08351&rft.au=Andrew+J.+Wilson&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALord+Mountbatten" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-nyt-170">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nyt_170-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-nyt_170-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1979/08/28/archives/lord-mountbatten-is-killed-as-his-fishing-boat-explodes-ira-faction.html">"Lord Mountbatten is killed as his fishing boat explodes: IRA faction says it set bomb"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. 28 August 1979. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200723075853/https://www.nytimes.com/1979/08/28/archives/lord-mountbatten-is-killed-as-his-fishing-boat-explodes-ira-faction.html">Archived</a> from the original on 23 July 2020. Retrieved 19 November 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Lord+Mountbatten+is+killed+as+his+fishing+boat+explodes%3A+IRA+faction+says+it+set+bomb&rft.date=1979-08-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1979%2F08%2F28%2Farchives%2Flord-mountbatten-is-killed-as-his-fishing-boat-explodes-ira-faction.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALord+Mountbatten" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-171"><a href="#cite_ref-171">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFEnglish2004">English (2004)</a>, p. 220 </li> <li id="cite_note-time-172">^ <a href="#cite_ref-time_172-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-time_172-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAmfitheatrof1979" class="citation magazine cs1">Amfitheatrof, Erik (19 November 1979). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,948791,00.html">"Northern Ireland: It is Clearly a War Situation"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150210193552/http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,948791,00.html">Archived</a> from the original on 10 February 2015. Retrieved 19 May 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=Northern+Ireland%3A+It+is+Clearly+a+War+Situation&rft.date=1979-11-19&rft.aulast=Amfitheatrof&rft.aufirst=Erik&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcontent.time.com%2Ftime%2Fmagazine%2Farticle%2F0%2C9171%2C948791%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALord+Mountbatten" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Singh_1992_p.-173"><a href="#cite_ref-Singh_1992_p._173-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSingh1992" class="citation book cs1">Singh, C. (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qshHAAAAMAAJ">Charan Singh: Selected Speeches, July 1979-December 1979</a>. Publications Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting. p. 55. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240315063556/https://books.google.com/books?id=qshHAAAAMAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on 15 March 2024. Retrieved 15 March 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Charan+Singh%3A+Selected+Speeches%2C+July+1979-December+1979&rft.pages=55&rft.pub=Publications+Division%2C+Ministry+of+Information+and+Broadcasting&rft.date=1992&rft.aulast=Singh&rft.aufirst=C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DqshHAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALord+Mountbatten" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Moore_1983_p.-174"><a href="#cite_ref-Moore_1983_p._174-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoore1983" class="citation book cs1">Moore, R.J. (1983). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=VwNuAAAAMAAJ">Escape from Empire: The Attlee Government and the Indian Problem</a>. Clarendon Press. p. 215. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-822688-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-822688-8"><bdi>978-0-19-822688-8</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240315063556/https://books.google.com/books?id=VwNuAAAAMAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on 15 March 2024. Retrieved 15 March 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Escape+from+Empire%3A+The+Attlee+Government+and+the+Indian+Problem&rft.pages=215&rft.pub=Clarendon+Press&rft.date=1983&rft.isbn=978-0-19-822688-8&rft.aulast=Moore&rft.aufirst=R.J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DVwNuAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALord+Mountbatten" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-The_Service_1979_p.-175"><a href="#cite_ref-The_Service_1979_p._175-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=QorGy_zuQCoC">Daily Report: Asia & Pacific</a>. The Service. 1979. p. 25. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240315063557/https://books.google.com/books?id=QorGy_zuQCoC">Archived</a> from the original on 15 March 2024. Retrieved 15 March 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Daily+Report%3A+Asia+%26+Pacific&rft.pages=25&rft.pub=The+Service&rft.date=1979&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQorGy_zuQCoC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALord+Mountbatten" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-176"><a href="#cite_ref-176">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/news/republic-of-ireland/gerry-adams-has-no-apology-for-lord-mountbatten-murder-earl-knew-the-dangers-of-coming-to-ireland-31237440.html">"Gerry Adams has no apology for Lord Mountbatten murder – earl 'knew the dangers' of coming to Ireland"</a>. Belfast Telegraph. 20 May 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171228112252/https://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/news/republic-of-ireland/gerry-adams-has-no-apology-for-lord-mountbatten-murder-earl-knew-the-dangers-of-coming-to-ireland-31237440.html">Archived</a> from the original on 28 December 2017. Retrieved 28 December 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Belfast+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Gerry+Adams+has+no+apology+for+Lord+Mountbatten+murder+%E2%80%93+earl+%27knew+the+dangers%27+of+coming+to+Ireland&rft.date=2015-05-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.belfasttelegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Frepublic-of-ireland%2Fgerry-adams-has-no-apology-for-lord-mountbatten-murder-earl-knew-the-dangers-of-coming-to-ireland-31237440.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALord+Mountbatten" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-177"><a href="#cite_ref-177">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/opinion/news-analysis/was-narrow-water-probe-doomed-from-the-start-28719623.html">"Was Narrow Water probe doomed from the start?"</a>. Belfast Telegraph. 29 February 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180718001503/https://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/opinion/news-analysis/was-narrow-water-probe-doomed-from-the-start-28719623.html">Archived</a> from the original on 18 July 2018. Retrieved 17 July 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Belfast+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Was+Narrow+Water+probe+doomed+from+the+start%3F&rft.date=2012-02-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.belfasttelegraph.co.uk%2Fopinion%2Fnews-analysis%2Fwas-narrow-water-probe-doomed-from-the-start-28719623.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALord+Mountbatten" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-178"><a href="#cite_ref-178">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFApple1979" class="citation news cs1">Apple, R. W. Jr. (6 September 1979). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1979/09/06/archives/hushed-london-bids-mountbatten-farewell-europes-royalty-turns-out.html">"Hushed London Bids Mountbatten Farewell"</a>. The New York Times. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210515161934/https://www.nytimes.com/1979/09/06/archives/hushed-london-bids-mountbatten-farewell-europes-royalty-turns-out.html">Archived</a> from the original on 15 May 2021. Retrieved 15 May 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Hushed+London+Bids+Mountbatten+Farewell&rft.date=1979-09-06&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Apple&rft.aufirst=R.+W.+Jr.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1979%2F09%2F06%2Farchives%2Fhushed-london-bids-mountbatten-farewell-europes-royalty-turns-out.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALord+Mountbatten" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-iwmfuneral-179">^ <a href="#cite_ref-iwmfuneral_179-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-iwmfuneral_179-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iwm.org.uk/collections/item/object/1060022140">"The Funeral of Lord Mountbatten"</a>. Imperial War Museum. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130514075054/http://www.iwm.org.uk/collections/item/object/1060022140">Archived</a> from the original on 14 May 2013. Retrieved 28 January 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Funeral+of+Lord+Mountbatten&rft.pub=Imperial+War+Museum&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iwm.org.uk%2Fcollections%2Fitem%2Fobject%2F1060022140&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALord+Mountbatten" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-180"><a href="#cite_ref-180">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.commsmuseum.co.uk/dykes/mobfuneral/mobfuneral.htm">"Ceremonial Funeral of Lord Louis Mountbatten of Burma"</a>. www.commsmuseum.co.uk. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210515161945/https://www.commsmuseum.co.uk/dykes/mobfuneral/mobfuneral.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 15 May 2021. Retrieved 15 May 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.commsmuseum.co.uk&rft.atitle=Ceremonial+Funeral+of+Lord+Louis+Mountbatten+of+Burma&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.commsmuseum.co.uk%2Fdykes%2Fmobfuneral%2Fmobfuneral.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALord+Mountbatten" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Range_2016-181"><a href="#cite_ref-Range_2016_181-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRange2016" class="citation book cs1">Range, M. (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Kn1FDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA304">British Royal and State Funerals: Music and Ceremonial Since Elizabeth I</a>. Boydell Press. p. 304. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-78327-092-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-78327-092-7"><bdi>978-1-78327-092-7</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240317064708/https://books.google.com/books?id=Kn1FDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA304">Archived</a> from the original on 17 March 2024. 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Retrieved 28 January 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=On+This+Day%3A+Mountbatten+Buried+after+Final+Parade&rft.date=1979-09-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2Fonthisday%2Fhi%2Fdates%2Fstories%2Fseptember%2F5%2Fnewsid_2499000%2F2499279.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALord+Mountbatten" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-183"><a href="#cite_ref-183">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFVickers1989">Vickers (1989)</a>, p. 42 </li> <li id="cite_note-184"><a href="#cite_ref-184">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFWilson2016">Wilson (2016)</a>, Kindle locations 33727-33728 </li> <li id="cite_note-christopherhenley-185"><a href="#cite_ref-christopherhenley_185-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130914054346/http://christopherhenleylimited.com/inmemoriam.htm">"In Memoriam: Desmond C. 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Retrieved 20 September 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Killer+of+Lord+Mountbatten+Enjoys+Freedom%2C+30+Years+on+from+IRA+Murder&rft.date=2009-08-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuknews%2Flaw-and-order%2F5995439%2FKiller-of-Lord-Mountbatten-enjoys-freedom-30-years-on-from-IRA-murder.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALord+Mountbatten" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-187"><a href="#cite_ref-187">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMoloney2002">Moloney (2002)</a>, p. 176. </li> <li id="cite_note-188"><a href="#cite_ref-188">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/news/2003/mar/04/guardianobituaries.artsobituaries">"Malcolm Williamson"</a>. Obituary. The Guardian. 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title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+London+Gazette&rft.atitle=No.+35538&rft.pages=1850&rft.date=1942-04-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thegazette.co.uk%2FLondon%2Fissue%2F35538%2Fsupplement%2F1850&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALord+Mountbatten" class="Z3988"> Military Cross (Second Class) (Greece) </li> <li id="cite_note-diaries-206">^ <a href="#cite_ref-diaries_206-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-diaries_206-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFZiegler1989">Ziegler (1989)</a>, pp. 18, 254. </li> <li id="cite_note-207"><a href="#cite_ref-207">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGazette37023" class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/37023/supplement/1893">"No. 37023"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_London_Gazette" title="The London Gazette">The London Gazette</a> (Supplement). 6 April 1945. p. 1893.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+London+Gazette&rft.atitle=No.+37023&rft.pages=1893&rft.date=1945-04-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thegazette.co.uk%2FLondon%2Fissue%2F37023%2Fsupplement%2F1893&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALord+Mountbatten" class="Z3988"> KCB </li> <li id="cite_note-208"><a href="#cite_ref-208">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGazette37023" class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/37023/supplement/1895">"No. 37023"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_London_Gazette" title="The London Gazette">The London Gazette</a> (Supplement). 6 April 1945. p. 1895.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+London+Gazette&rft.atitle=No.+37023&rft.pages=1895&rft.date=1945-04-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thegazette.co.uk%2FLondon%2Fissue%2F37023%2Fsupplement%2F1895&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALord+Mountbatten" class="Z3988"> Order of the Cloud and Banner (China) </li> <li id="cite_note-209"><a href="#cite_ref-209">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGazette37299" class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/37299/supplement/4954">"No. 37299"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_London_Gazette" title="The London Gazette">The London Gazette</a> (Supplement). 5 October 1945. p. 4954.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+London+Gazette&rft.atitle=No.+37299&rft.pages=4954&rft.date=1945-10-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thegazette.co.uk%2FLondon%2Fissue%2F37299%2Fsupplement%2F4954&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALord+Mountbatten" class="Z3988"> DSM (US) </li> <li id="cite_note-210"><a href="#cite_ref-210">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGazette37807" class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/37807/supplement/5945">"No. 37807"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_London_Gazette" title="The London Gazette">The London Gazette</a> (Supplement). 3 December 1946. p. 5945.</cite><span 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title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+London+Gazette&rft.atitle=No.+37777&rft.pages=5418&rft.date=1946-11-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thegazette.co.uk%2FLondon%2Fissue%2F37777%2Fsupplement%2F5418&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALord+Mountbatten" class="Z3988"> Order of George I (Greece) </li> <li id="cite_note-AP7-17-65-212">^ <a href="#cite_ref-AP7-17-65_212-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-AP7-17-65_212-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-AP7-17-65_212-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1129&dat=19650717&id=HCsNAAAAIBAJ&pg=4917,2454145">"Draped with Honors Mountbatten Steps Down as Defense Chief"</a>. Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. Associated Press. 17 July 1965. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220511183708/https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1129&dat=19650717&id=HCsNAAAAIBAJ&pg=4917,2454145">Archived</a> from the original on 11 May 2022. Retrieved 13 September 2013 – via <a href="/wiki/Google_News" title="Google News">Google News</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pittsburgh+Post-Gazette&rft.atitle=Draped+with+Honors+Mountbatten+Steps+Down+as+Defense+Chief&rft.date=1965-07-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fnid%3D1129%26dat%3D19650717%26id%3DHCsNAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D4917%2C2454145&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALord+Mountbatten" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-213"><a href="#cite_ref-213">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFZiegler1988">Ziegler (1988)</a>, p. 288 </li> <li id="cite_note-214"><a href="#cite_ref-214">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFZiegler1988">Ziegler (1988)</a>, p. 332 </li> <li id="cite_note-Ziegler_1988_341-215">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ziegler_1988_341_215-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ziegler_1988_341_215-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFZiegler1988">Ziegler (1988)</a>, p. 341 </li> <li id="cite_note-216"><a 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href="https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/37916/page/1399">"No. 37916"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_London_Gazette" title="The London Gazette">The London Gazette</a>. 25 March 1947. p. 1399.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+London+Gazette&rft.atitle=No.+37916&rft.pages=1399&rft.date=1947-03-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thegazette.co.uk%2FLondon%2Fissue%2F37916%2Fpage%2F1399&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALord+Mountbatten" class="Z3988"> GCIE </li> <li id="cite_note-219"><a href="#cite_ref-219">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGazette38176" class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/38176/page/274">"No. 38176"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_London_Gazette" title="The London Gazette">The London Gazette</a>. 13 January 1948. p. 274.</cite><span 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Retrieved 5 March 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Earl+Mountbatten+of+Bruma&rft.pub=International+Center+of+Photography&rft.date=2016-03-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.icp.org%2Fbrowse%2Farchive%2Fobjects%2Fthe-earl-mountbatten-of-burma&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALord+Mountbatten" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-227"><a href="#cite_ref-227">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLee1999">Lee (1999)</a>, pp. 15, 135 & 136. </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Works_cited">Works cited</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lord_Mountbatten&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Works cited">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-hanging-indents refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 35em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAhmed1997" class="citation book cs1">Ahmed, Akbar S. (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=YGdiqF6V8wYC">Jinnah, Pakistan and Islamic Identity: The Search for Saladin</a>. London: <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-14966-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-14966-2"><bdi>978-0-415-14966-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jinnah%2C+Pakistan+and+Islamic+Identity%3A+The+Search+for+Saladin&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-0-415-14966-2&rft.aulast=Ahmed&rft.aufirst=Akbar+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DYGdiqF6V8wYC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALord+Mountbatten" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAubenasChardinDemange2007" class="citation book cs1">Aubenas, Sylvie; Chardin, Virginie; Demange, Xavier (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=W4rpmVb2ZrkC">Elegance: The Seeberger Brothers and the Birth of Fashion Photography</a>. Chronicle Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8118-5942-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8118-5942-4"><bdi>978-0-8118-5942-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Elegance%3A+The+Seeberger+Brothers+and+the+Birth+of+Fashion+Photography&rft.pub=Chronicle+Books&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-8118-5942-4&rft.aulast=Aubenas&rft.aufirst=Sylvie&rft.au=Chardin%2C+Virginie&rft.au=Demange%2C+Xavier&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DW4rpmVb2ZrkC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALord+Mountbatten" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarrattRitchie1991" class="citation book cs1">Barratt, John; Ritchie, Jean (1991). With the greatest respect: the private lives of Earl Mountbatten and Prince & Princess Michael of Kent. London: Sidgwick & Jackson. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-283-06098-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-283-06098-4"><bdi>978-0-283-06098-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=With+the+greatest+respect%3A+the+private+lives+of+Earl+Mountbatten+and+Prince+%26+Princess+Michael+of+Kent&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Sidgwick+%26+Jackson&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=978-0-283-06098-4&rft.aulast=Barratt&rft.aufirst=John&rft.au=Ritchie%2C+Jean&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALord+Mountbatten" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDimbleby1994" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Dimbleby" title="Jonathan Dimbleby">Dimbleby, Jonathan</a> (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/princeofwalesbio00dimb">The Prince of Wales: A Biography</a>. New York: Morrow. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-688-12996-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-688-12996-5"><bdi>978-0-688-12996-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Prince+of+Wales%3A+A+Biography&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Morrow&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-0-688-12996-5&rft.aulast=Dimbleby&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fprinceofwalesbio00dimb&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALord+Mountbatten" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEnglish2004" class="citation book cs1">English, Richard (2004). Armed Struggle: The History of the IRA. London: Pan Macmillan. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-330-49388-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-330-49388-8"><bdi>978-0-330-49388-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Armed+Struggle%3A+The+History+of+the+IRA&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Pan+Macmillan&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-330-49388-8&rft.aulast=English&rft.aufirst=Richard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALord+Mountbatten" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGilbert1988" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Martin_Gilbert" title="Martin Gilbert">Gilbert, Martin</a> (1988). Never Despair: Winston Churchill 1945–65. London: Minerva. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7493-9104-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7493-9104-1"><bdi>978-0-7493-9104-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Never+Despair%3A+Winston+Churchill+1945%E2%80%9365&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Minerva&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=978-0-7493-9104-1&rft.aulast=Gilbert&rft.aufirst=Martin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALord+Mountbatten" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGreenberg2005" class="citation journal cs1">Greenberg, Jonathan D. (2005). "Generations of Memory: Remembering Partition in India/Pakistan and Israel/Palestine". <a href="/wiki/Comparative_Studies_of_South_Asia,_Africa_and_the_Middle_East" title="Comparative Studies of South Asia, Africa and the Middle East">Comparative Studies of South Asia, Africa and the Middle East</a>. 25 (1): 89–110. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1215%2F1089201x-25-1-89">10.1215/1089201x-25-1-89</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:145076643">145076643</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Comparative+Studies+of+South+Asia%2C+Africa+and+the+Middle+East&rft.atitle=Generations+of+Memory%3A+Remembering+Partition+in+India%2FPakistan+and+Israel%2FPalestine&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=89-110&rft.date=2005&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1215%2F1089201x-25-1-89&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A145076643%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Greenberg&rft.aufirst=Jonathan+D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALord+Mountbatten" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGuha2008" class="citation book cs1">Guha, Ramachandra (2008). India After Gandhi: The History of the World's Largest Democracy. London: Pan. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-330-39611-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-330-39611-0"><bdi>978-0-330-39611-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=India+After+Gandhi%3A+The+History+of+the+World%27s+Largest+Democracy&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Pan&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-330-39611-0&rft.aulast=Guha&rft.aufirst=Ramachandra&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALord+Mountbatten" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHealey1989" class="citation book cs1">Healey, Denis (1989). The Time of My Life. London: Michael Joseph. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-413-77796-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-413-77796-6"><bdi>978-0-413-77796-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Time+of+My+Life&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Michael+Joseph&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=978-0-413-77796-6&rft.aulast=Healey&rft.aufirst=Denis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALord+Mountbatten" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHeathcote2002" class="citation book cs1">Heathcote, Tony (2002). The British Admirals of the Fleet 1734–1995. Havertown: Pen & Sword. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-85052-835-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-85052-835-0"><bdi>978-0-85052-835-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+British+Admirals+of+the+Fleet+1734%E2%80%931995&rft.place=Havertown&rft.pub=Pen+%26+Sword&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-85052-835-0&rft.aulast=Heathcote&rft.aufirst=Tony&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALord+Mountbatten" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHicks2012" class="citation book cs1">Hicks, Pamela (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/daughterofempire0000hick">Daughter of Empire: Life as a Mountbatten</a>. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-297-86482-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-297-86482-0"><bdi>978-0-297-86482-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Daughter+of+Empire%3A+Life+as+a+Mountbatten&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Weidenfeld+%26+Nicolson&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0-297-86482-0&rft.aulast=Hicks&rft.aufirst=Pamela&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdaughterofempire0000hick&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALord+Mountbatten" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHodson1980" class="citation journal cs1">Hodson, H. V. (1980). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00358538008453429">"Earl Mountbatten's role in the partition of India"</a>. The Round Table. 70 (277): 102–106. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F00358538008453429">10.1080/00358538008453429</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0035-8533">0035-8533</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240331064527/https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00358538008453429">Archived</a> from the original on 31 March 2024. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Round+Table&rft.atitle=Earl+Mountbatten%27s+role+in+the+partition+of+India&rft.volume=70&rft.issue=277&rft.pages=102-106&rft.date=1980&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F00358538008453429&rft.issn=0035-8533&rft.aulast=Hodson&rft.aufirst=H.+V.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1080%2F00358538008453429&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALord+Mountbatten" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHough1984" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Hough" title="Richard Hough">Hough, Richard</a> (1984). Louis and Victoria: The Family History of the Mountbattens (2nd ed.). London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-297-78470-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-297-78470-8"><bdi>978-0-297-78470-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Louis+and+Victoria%3A+The+Family+History+of+the+Mountbattens&rft.place=London&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Weidenfeld+and+Nicolson&rft.date=1984&rft.isbn=978-0-297-78470-8&rft.aulast=Hough&rft.aufirst=Richard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALord+Mountbatten" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJalal1994" class="citation book cs1">Jalal, Ayesha (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=D63KMRN1SJ8C">The Sole Spokesman: Jinnah, the Muslim League and the Demand for Pakistan</a>. Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-45850-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-45850-4"><bdi>978-0-521-45850-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Sole+Spokesman%3A+Jinnah%2C+the+Muslim+League+and+the+Demand+for+Pakistan&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-0-521-45850-4&rft.aulast=Jalal&rft.aufirst=Ayesha&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DD63KMRN1SJ8C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALord+Mountbatten" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJunor2005" class="citation book cs1">Junor, Penny (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780312352745">The Firm: The Troubled Life of the House of Windsor</a>. New York: Thomas Dunne Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-312-35274-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-312-35274-5"><bdi>978-0-312-35274-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Firm%3A+The+Troubled+Life+of+the+House+of+Windsor&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Thomas+Dunne+Books&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-312-35274-5&rft.aulast=Junor&rft.aufirst=Penny&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fisbn_9780312352745&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALord+Mountbatten" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKhan2007" class="citation book cs1">Khan, Yasmin (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/greatpartitionma00khan">The Great Partition: The Making of India and Pakistan</a>. New Haven: Yale University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-300-12078-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-300-12078-3"><bdi>978-0-300-12078-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Great+Partition%3A+The+Making+of+India+and+Pakistan&rft.place=New+Haven&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-300-12078-3&rft.aulast=Khan&rft.aufirst=Yasmin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fgreatpartitionma00khan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALord+Mountbatten" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKhanna2015" class="citation book cs1">Khanna, K. K. (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=uAmqCQAAQBAJ&pg=PA53">Art of Generalship</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_Service_Institution" title="United Service Institution">United Service Institution</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-93-82652-93-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-93-82652-93-9"><bdi>978-93-82652-93-9</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240331064527/https://books.google.com/books?id=uAmqCQAAQBAJ&pg=PA53#v=onepage&q&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on 31 March 2024. Retrieved 20 August 2019 – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Art+of+Generalship&rft.pub=United+Service+Institution&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-93-82652-93-9&rft.aulast=Khanna&rft.aufirst=K.+K.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DuAmqCQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA53&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALord+Mountbatten" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKingWilson2003" class="citation book cs1">King, Greg; Wilson, Penny (2003). The Fate of the Romanovs. Hoboken, New Jersey: Wiley. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-471-20768-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-471-20768-9"><bdi>978-0-471-20768-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Fate+of+the+Romanovs&rft.place=Hoboken%2C+New+Jersey&rft.pub=Wiley&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-471-20768-9&rft.aulast=King&rft.aufirst=Greg&rft.au=Wilson%2C+Penny&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALord+Mountbatten" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLee1999" class="citation book cs1">Lee, Brian (1999). British Royal Bookplates. Aldershot: Scolar Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-85967-883-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-85967-883-4"><bdi>978-0-85967-883-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=British+Royal+Bookplates&rft.place=Aldershot&rft.pub=Scolar+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-85967-883-4&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=Brian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALord+Mountbatten" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLownie2019" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Lownie" title="Andrew Lownie">Lownie, Andrew</a> (2019). The Mountbattens: Their Lives And Loves. London: Blink Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-64313-791-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-64313-791-9"><bdi>978-1-64313-791-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Mountbattens%3A+Their+Lives+And+Loves&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Blink+Publishing&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=978-1-64313-791-9&rft.aulast=Lownie&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALord+Mountbatten" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarch1966" class="citation book cs1">March, Edgar J. (1966). British Destroyers: A History of Development, 1892–1953. Guildford, England: Billing & Sons. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1894771">1894771</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=British+Destroyers%3A+A+History+of+Development%2C+1892%E2%80%931953&rft.place=Guildford%2C+England&rft.pub=Billing+%26+Sons&rft.date=1966&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1894771&rft.aulast=March&rft.aufirst=Edgar+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALord+Mountbatten" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcGrath1996" class="citation book cs1">McGrath, Allen (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=a0FuAAAAMAAJ">The Destruction of Pakistan's Democracy</a>. Karachi: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-577583-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-577583-9"><bdi>978-0-19-577583-9</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240328155035/https://books.google.com/books?id=a0FuAAAAMAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on 28 March 2024. Retrieved 22 August 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Destruction+of+Pakistan%27s+Democracy&rft.place=Karachi&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-0-19-577583-9&rft.aulast=McGrath&rft.aufirst=Allen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Da0FuAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALord+Mountbatten" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoloney2002" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ed_Moloney" title="Ed Moloney">Moloney, Ed</a> (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/secrethistoryofi00edmo">A Secret History of the IRA</a>. London: Allen Lane. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-393-32502-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-393-32502-7"><bdi>978-0-393-32502-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Secret+History+of+the+IRA&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Allen+Lane&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-393-32502-7&rft.aulast=Moloney&rft.aufirst=Ed&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsecrethistoryofi00edmo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALord+Mountbatten" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMontefiore2004" class="citation book cs1">Montefiore, Simon Sebag (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/stalincourtofred00mont">Stalin: The Court of the Red Tsar</a>. New York: Knopf. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4000-4230-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4000-4230-2"><bdi>978-1-4000-4230-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Stalin%3A+The+Court+of+the+Red+Tsar&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Knopf&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-1-4000-4230-2&rft.aulast=Montefiore&rft.aufirst=Simon+Sebag&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fstalincourtofred00mont&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALord+Mountbatten" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMontgomery-Massingberd1973" class="citation book cs1">Montgomery-Massingberd, Hugh (1973). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/burkesguidetoroy00lond">Burke's Guide to the Royal Family</a>. London: Burke's Peerage. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-220-66222-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-220-66222-6"><bdi>978-0-220-66222-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Burke%27s+Guide+to+the+Royal+Family&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Burke%27s+Peerage&rft.date=1973&rft.isbn=978-0-220-66222-6&rft.aulast=Montgomery-Massingberd&rft.aufirst=Hugh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fburkesguidetoroy00lond&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALord+Mountbatten" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoore1996" class="citation book cs1">Moore, Chris (1996). The Kincora scandal: political cover-up and intrigue in Northern Ireland. Dublin: Marino Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-86023-029-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-86023-029-5"><bdi>978-1-86023-029-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Kincora+scandal%3A+political+cover-up+and+intrigue+in+Northern+Ireland&rft.place=Dublin&rft.pub=Marino+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-1-86023-029-5&rft.aulast=Moore&rft.aufirst=Chris&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALord+Mountbatten" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMountbatten1979–1980" class="citation journal cs1">Mountbatten, Louis (Winter 1979–1980). "A Military Commander Surveys The Nuclear Arms Race". International Security. 4 (3): 3–5. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F2626691">10.2307/2626691</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2626691">2626691</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:154271535">154271535</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Security&rft.atitle=A+Military+Commander+Surveys+The+Nuclear+Arms+Race&rft.ssn=winter&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=3-5&rft.date=1979%2F1980&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A154271535%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2626691%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F2626691&rft.aulast=Mountbatten&rft.aufirst=Louis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALord+Mountbatten" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMurphyOddy2010" class="citation book cs1">Murphy, Hugh; Oddy, Derek J. (2010). The Mirror of the Seas: A Centenary History of the Society for Nautical Research. London: Society for Nautical Research. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-902387-01-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-902387-01-0"><bdi>978-0-902387-01-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Mirror+of+the+Seas%3A+A+Centenary+History+of+the+Society+for+Nautical+Research&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Society+for+Nautical+Research&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-902387-01-0&rft.aulast=Murphy&rft.aufirst=Hugh&rft.au=Oddy%2C+Derek+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALord+Mountbatten" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNiemi2006" class="citation book cs1">Niemi, Robert (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=WVFhcBcv_X8C&pg=PA70">History in the Media: Film and Television</a>. Santa Barbara, California: ABC-CLIO. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-57607-952-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-57607-952-2"><bdi>978-1-57607-952-2</bdi></a> – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+in+the+Media%3A+Film+and+Television&rft.place=Santa+Barbara%2C+California&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-1-57607-952-2&rft.aulast=Niemi&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DWVFhcBcv_X8C%26pg%3DPA70&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALord+Mountbatten" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFO'Brien1995" class="citation book cs1">O'Brien, Brendan (1995). The Long War: The IRA and Sinn Féin. Dublin: The O'Brien Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-86278-606-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-86278-606-9"><bdi>978-0-86278-606-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Long+War%3A+The+IRA+and+Sinn+F%C3%A9in&rft.place=Dublin&rft.pub=The+O%27Brien+Press&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-0-86278-606-9&rft.aulast=O%27Brien&rft.aufirst=Brendan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALord+Mountbatten" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOtway1990" class="citation book cs1">Otway, Lieutenant-Colonel T.B.H. (1990). The Second World War 1939–1945 Army – Airborne Forces. <a href="/wiki/Imperial_War_Museum" title="Imperial War Museum">Imperial War Museum</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-901627-57-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-901627-57-5"><bdi>978-0-901627-57-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Second+World+War+1939%E2%80%931945+Army+%E2%80%93+Airborne+Forces&rft.pub=Imperial+War+Museum&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=978-0-901627-57-5&rft.aulast=Otway&rft.aufirst=Lieutenant-Colonel+T.B.H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALord+Mountbatten" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPark1946" class="citation book cs1">Park, Keith (August 1946). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/UN/UK/LondonGazette/39202.pdf">Air Operations in South East Asia 3rd May 1945 to 12th September 1945</a> (PDF). London: War Office. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190102012209/http://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/UN/UK/LondonGazette/39202.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 2 January 2019. Retrieved 29 September 2012 – via Hyperwar Foundation.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Air+Operations+in+South+East+Asia+3rd+May+1945+to+12th+September+1945&rft.place=London&rft.pub=War+Office&rft.date=1946-08&rft.aulast=Park&rft.aufirst=Keith&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ibiblio.org%2Fhyperwar%2FUN%2FUK%2FLondonGazette%2F39202.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALord+Mountbatten" class="Z3988"> published in <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGazette39202" class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/39202/supplement/2127">"No. 39202"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_London_Gazette" title="The London Gazette">The London Gazette</a> (Supplement). 13 April 1951. pp. 2127–2172.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+London+Gazette&rft.atitle=No.+39202&rft.pages=2127-2172&rft.date=1951-04-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thegazette.co.uk%2FLondon%2Fissue%2F39202%2Fsupplement%2F2127&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALord+Mountbatten" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPatton2005" class="citation journal cs1">Patton, Allyson (March 2005). "Broadlands: Lord Mountbatten's Country Home". British Heritage. 26 (1): 14–17. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0195-2633">0195-2633</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=British+Heritage&rft.atitle=Broadlands%3A+Lord+Mountbatten%27s+Country+Home&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=14-17&rft.date=2005-03&rft.issn=0195-2633&rft.aulast=Patton&rft.aufirst=Allyson&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALord+Mountbatten" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPowell1996" class="citation book cs1">Powell, Charles (1996). Juan Carlos of Spain. Houndmills: MacMillan Press, St. Antony's Series. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-333-54726-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-333-54726-7"><bdi>978-0-333-54726-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Juan+Carlos+of+Spain&rft.place=Houndmills&rft.pub=MacMillan+Press%2C+St.+Antony%27s+Series&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-0-333-54726-7&rft.aulast=Powell&rft.aufirst=Charles&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALord+Mountbatten" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRankin2011" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Rankin" title="Nicholas Rankin">Rankin, Nicholas</a> (2011). Ian Fleming's Commandos: The Story of 30 Assault Unit in World War II. Faber & Faber. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-571-25062-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-571-25062-2"><bdi>978-0-571-25062-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ian+Fleming%27s+Commandos%3A+The+Story+of+30+Assault+Unit+in+World+War+II&rft.pub=Faber+%26+Faber&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-571-25062-2&rft.aulast=Rankin&rft.aufirst=Nicholas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALord+Mountbatten" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSardesai2007" class="citation book cs1">Sardesai, Damodar (2007). India: The Definitive History. Boulder, Colorado: Westview. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8133-4352-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8133-4352-5"><bdi>978-0-8133-4352-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=India%3A+The+Definitive+History&rft.place=Boulder%2C+Colorado&rft.pub=Westview&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-8133-4352-5&rft.aulast=Sardesai&rft.aufirst=Damodar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALord+Mountbatten" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchofield2010" class="citation book cs1">Schofield, Victoria (2010). Kashmir in Conflict: India, Pakistan and the Unending War. New York: I.B.Tauris. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84885-105-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84885-105-4"><bdi>978-1-84885-105-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kashmir+in+Conflict%3A+India%2C+Pakistan+and+the+Unending+War&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=I.B.Tauris&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1-84885-105-4&rft.aulast=Schofield&rft.aufirst=Victoria&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALord+Mountbatten" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSeward2015" class="citation book cs1">Seward, Ingrid (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Y5qZBgAAQBAJ">The Queen's Speech: An Intimate Portrait of the Queen in her Own Words</a>. Simon & Schuster. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4711-5097-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4711-5097-5"><bdi>978-1-4711-5097-5</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240331064528/https://books.google.com/books?id=Y5qZBgAAQBAJ">Archived</a> from the original on 31 March 2024. Retrieved 22 August 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Queen%27s+Speech%3A+An+Intimate+Portrait+of+the+Queen+in+her+Own+Words&rft.pub=Simon+%26+Schuster&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-1-4711-5097-5&rft.aulast=Seward&rft.aufirst=Ingrid&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DY5qZBgAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALord+Mountbatten" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith2010" class="citation book cs1">Smith, Adrian (2010). Mountbatten: Apprentice War Lord 1900–1943. London: I B Tauris & Co Ltd. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-848-85374-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-848-85374-4"><bdi>978-1-848-85374-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mountbatten%3A+Apprentice+War+Lord+1900%E2%80%931943&rft.place=London&rft.pub=I+B+Tauris+%26+Co+Ltd&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1-848-85374-4&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Adrian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALord+Mountbatten" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith2012" class="citation journal cs1"> ———  (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/336072/1/Mountbatten_and_Suez_1956_article_for_CBH.docx">"Rewriting History? Admiral Lord Mountbatten's Efforts to Distance Himself From the 1956 Suez Crisis"</a>. Contemporary British History. 26 (4): 489–508. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F13619462.2012.676912">10.1080/13619462.2012.676912</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:145579429">145579429</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191227070321/https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/336072/1/Mountbatten_and_Suez_1956_article_for_CBH.docx">Archived</a> from the original on 27 December 2019. Retrieved 27 December 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Contemporary+British+History&rft.atitle=Rewriting+History%3F+Admiral+Lord+Mountbatten%27s+Efforts+to+Distance+Himself+From+the+1956+Suez+Crisis&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=489-508&rft.date=2012&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F13619462.2012.676912&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A145579429%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Adrian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feprints.soton.ac.uk%2F336072%2F1%2FMountbatten_and_Suez_1956_article_for_CBH.docx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALord+Mountbatten" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith2013" class="citation journal cs1"> ———  (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1468-229X.2012.00576.x">"Resignation of a First Sea Lord: Mountbatten and the 1956 Suez Crisis"</a>. History. 98 (329): 105–134. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1468-229X.2012.00576.x">10.1111/j.1468-229X.2012.00576.x</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/24429571">24429571</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=History&rft.atitle=Resignation+of+a+First+Sea+Lord%3A+Mountbatten+and+the+1956+Suez+Crisis&rft.volume=98&rft.issue=329&rft.pages=105-134&rft.date=2013&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1468-229X.2012.00576.x&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F24429571%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Adrian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1468-229X.2012.00576.x&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALord+Mountbatten" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStoessinger2010" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_G._Stoessinger" title="John G. Stoessinger">Stoessinger, John</a> (2010). Why Nations Go to War. Boston: Wadsworth–Cengage Learning. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-495-79718-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-495-79718-0"><bdi>978-0-495-79718-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Why+Nations+Go+to+War&rft.place=Boston&rft.pub=Wadsworth%E2%80%93Cengage+Learning&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-495-79718-0&rft.aulast=Stoessinger&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALord+Mountbatten" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTalbotSingh2009" class="citation book cs1">Talbot, Ian; Singh, Gurharpal (2009). The Partition of India. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-67256-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-67256-6"><bdi>978-0-521-67256-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Partition+of+India&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-521-67256-6&rft.aulast=Talbot&rft.aufirst=Ian&rft.au=Singh%2C+Gurharpal&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALord+Mountbatten" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThompson2001" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Julian_Thompson_(Royal_Marines_officer)" title="Julian Thompson (Royal Marines officer)">Thompson, Julian</a> (2001). The Royal Marines: From Sea Soldiers to a Special Force. London: Pan. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-330-37702-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-330-37702-7"><bdi>978-0-330-37702-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Royal+Marines%3A+From+Sea+Soldiers+to+a+Special+Force&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Pan&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-330-37702-7&rft.aulast=Thompson&rft.aufirst=Julian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALord+Mountbatten" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTunzelmann2007" class="citation book cs1">Tunzelmann, Alex von (2007). Indian Summer: The Secret History of the End of an Empire. London: Simon & Schuster. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7432-8588-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7432-8588-9"><bdi>978-0-7432-8588-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Indian+Summer%3A+The+Secret+History+of+the+End+of+an+Empire&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Simon+%26+Schuster&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-7432-8588-9&rft.aulast=Tunzelmann&rft.aufirst=Alex+von&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALord+Mountbatten" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVickers1989" class="citation journal cs1">Vickers, Hugo (November 1989). "The Man Who Was Never Wrong". Royalty Monthly: 42.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Royalty+Monthly&rft.atitle=The+Man+Who+Was+Never+Wrong&rft.pages=42&rft.date=1989-11&rft.aulast=Vickers&rft.aufirst=Hugo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALord+Mountbatten" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVickers2000" class="citation book cs1"> ———  (2000). Alice, Princess Andrew of Greece. London: Hamish Hamilton. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-241-13686-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-241-13686-7"><bdi>978-0-241-13686-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Alice%2C+Princess+Andrew+of+Greece&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Hamish+Hamilton&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-241-13686-7&rft.aulast=Vickers&rft.aufirst=Hugo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALord+Mountbatten" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVickers1994" class="citation book cs1"> ———  (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/royalorders0000vick/mode/2up">Royal Orders: the honours and the honoured</a>. London: Boxtree. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85283-510-9" title="Special:BookSources/1-85283-510-9"><bdi>1-85283-510-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Royal+Orders%3A+the+honours+and+the+honoured&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Boxtree&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=1-85283-510-9&rft.aulast=Vickers&rft.aufirst=Hugo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Froyalorders0000vick%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALord+Mountbatten" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVilla1989" class="citation book cs1">Villa, Brian Loring (1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/unauthorizedacti0000vill">Unauthorised Action: Mountbatten and the Dieppe Raid</a>. Oxford: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-540804-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-540804-1"><bdi>978-0-19-540804-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Unauthorised+Action%3A+Mountbatten+and+the+Dieppe+Raid&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=978-0-19-540804-1&rft.aulast=Villa&rft.aufirst=Brian+Loring&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Funauthorizedacti0000vill&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALord+Mountbatten" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWhite2012" class="citation book cs1">White, Matthew (2012). <a href="/wiki/The_Great_Big_Book_of_Horrible_Things" title="The Great Big Book of Horrible Things">The Great Big Book of Horrible Things</a>. New York: <a href="/wiki/W._W._Norton" class="mw-redirect" title="W. W. Norton">W. W. Norton</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-393-08192-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-393-08192-3"><bdi>978-0-393-08192-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Great+Big+Book+of+Horrible+Things&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=W.+W.+Norton&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0-393-08192-3&rft.aulast=White&rft.aufirst=Matthew&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALord+Mountbatten" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilson2016" class="citation book cs1">Wilson, Scott (2016). Resting Places: The Burial Sites of More Than 14,000 Famous Persons (3rd; Kindle ed.). McFarland & Company, Inc. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4766-2599-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4766-2599-7"><bdi>978-1-4766-2599-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Resting+Places%3A+The+Burial+Sites+of+More+Than+14%2C000+Famous+Persons&rft.edition=3rd%3B+Kindle&rft.pub=McFarland+%26+Company%2C+Inc.&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-1-4766-2599-7&rft.aulast=Wilson&rft.aufirst=Scott&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALord+Mountbatten" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWolpert2006" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Wolpert" title="Stanley Wolpert">Wolpert, Stanley A.</a> (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/shamefulflightla00wolp">Shameful Flight: The Last Years of the British Empire in India</a>. Oxford: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-539394-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-539394-1"><bdi>978-0-19-539394-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Shameful+Flight%3A+The+Last+Years+of+the+British+Empire+in+India&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-19-539394-1&rft.aulast=Wolpert&rft.aufirst=Stanley+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fshamefulflightla00wolp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALord+Mountbatten" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZiegler1985" class="citation book cs1">Ziegler, Philip (1985). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/mountbattenoffic00phil">Mountbatten: The Official Biography</a>. London: HarperCollins. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-00-216543-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-00-216543-3"><bdi>978-0-00-216543-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mountbatten%3A+The+Official+Biography&rft.place=London&rft.pub=HarperCollins&rft.date=1985&rft.isbn=978-0-00-216543-3&rft.aulast=Ziegler&rft.aufirst=Philip&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmountbattenoffic00phil&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALord+Mountbatten" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZiegler2011" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"> ———  (January 2011) [first published 2004]. "Mountbatten, Louis Francis Albert Victor Nicholas, first Earl Mountbatten of Burma (1900–1979)". <a href="/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography#Oxford_Dictionary_of_National_Biography" title="Dictionary of National Biography">Oxford Dictionary of National Biography</a> (Online ed.). Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F31480">10.1093/ref:odnb/31480</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Mountbatten%2C+Louis+Francis+Albert+Victor+Nicholas%2C+first+Earl+Mountbatten+of+Burma+%281900%E2%80%931979%29&rft.btitle=Oxford+Dictionary+of+National+Biography&rft.edition=Online&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2011-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F31480&rft.aulast=Ziegler&rft.aufirst=Philip&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALord+Mountbatten" class="Z3988"> (Subscription or <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxforddnb.com/help/subscribe#public">UK public library membership</a> required.)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZiegler1988" class="citation book cs1">Ziegler, Philip, ed. (1988). Personal Diary of Admiral the Lord Louis Mountbatten: Supreme Allied Commander South-East Asia, 1943-1946 (1st ed.). London: William Collins Sons & Co. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-00-217607-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-00-217607-6"><bdi>0-00-217607-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Personal+Diary+of+Admiral+the+Lord+Louis+Mountbatten%3A+Supreme+Allied+Commander+South-East+Asia%2C+1943-1946&rft.place=London&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=William+Collins+Sons+%26+Co.&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=0-00-217607-6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALord+Mountbatten" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZiegler1989" class="citation book cs1"> ——— , ed. (1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8ewgAAAAMAAJ">From Shore to Shore: The Tour Diaries of Earl Mountbatten of Burma 1953–1979</a>. London: HarperCollins. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-00-217606-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-00-217606-4"><bdi>978-0-00-217606-4</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240331064800/https://books.google.com/books?id=8ewgAAAAMAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on 31 March 2024. Retrieved 22 August 2020 – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=From+Shore+to+Shore%3A+The+Tour+Diaries+of+Earl+Mountbatten+of+Burma+1953%E2%80%931979&rft.place=London&rft.pub=HarperCollins&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=978-0-00-217606-4&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D8ewgAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALord+Mountbatten" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZuckerman1981" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Solly_Zuckerman,_Baron_Zuckerman" title="Solly Zuckerman, Baron Zuckerman">Zuckerman, Lord</a> (November 1981). "Earl Mountbatten of Burma, KG, OM 25 June 1900 – 27 August 1979". <a href="/wiki/Biographical_Memoirs_of_Fellows_of_the_Royal_Society" title="Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society">Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society</a>. 27: 354–366. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1098%2Frsbm.1981.0014">10.1098/rsbm.1981.0014</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/769876">769876</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:72216772">72216772</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biographical+Memoirs+of+Fellows+of+the+Royal+Society&rft.atitle=Earl+Mountbatten+of+Burma%2C+KG%2C+OM+25+June+1900+%E2%80%93+27+August+1979&rft.volume=27&rft.pages=354-366&rft.date=1981-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A72216772%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F769876%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1098%2Frsbm.1981.0014&rft.aulast=Zuckerman&rft.aufirst=Lord&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALord+Mountbatten" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lord_Mountbatten&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Further reading">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239549316"><div class="refbegin refbegin-hanging-indents refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 35em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnkit2021" class="citation journal cs1">Ankit, Rakesh (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F13619462.2021.1944113">"Mountbatten and India, 1964-79: after Nehru"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Contemporary_British_History" title="Contemporary British History">Contemporary British History</a>. 35 (4): 569–596. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F13619462.2021.1944113">10.1080/13619462.2021.1944113</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1361-9462">1361-9462</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:237793636">237793636</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Contemporary+British+History&rft.atitle=Mountbatten+and+India%2C+1964-79%3A+after+Nehru&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=569-596&rft.date=2021&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A237793636%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=1361-9462&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F13619462.2021.1944113&rft.aulast=Ankit&rft.aufirst=Rakesh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1080%252F13619462.2021.1944113&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALord+Mountbatten" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFColl2017" class="citation journal cs1">Coll, Rebecca (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/256074">"Autobiography and history on screen: The Life and Times of Lord Mountbatten"</a>. Historical Journal of Film, Radio and Television. 37 (4): 665–682. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F01439685.2016.1187847">10.1080/01439685.2016.1187847</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0143-9685">0143-9685</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:159708448">159708448</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221129045424/https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/256074">Archived</a> from the original on 29 November 2022. Retrieved 18 September 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Historical+Journal+of+Film%2C+Radio+and+Television&rft.atitle=Autobiography+and+history+on+screen%3A+The+Life+and+Times+of+Lord+Mountbatten&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=665-682&rft.date=2017&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A159708448%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=0143-9685&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F01439685.2016.1187847&rft.aulast=Coll&rft.aufirst=Rebecca&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.repository.cam.ac.uk%2Fhandle%2F1810%2F256074&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALord+Mountbatten" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCopland,_Ian1993" class="citation journal cs1">Copland, Ian (1993). "Lord Mountbatten and the integration of the Indian states: A reappraisal". Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History. 21 (2): 385–408. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F03086539308582896">10.1080/03086539308582896</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0308-6534">0308-6534</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Imperial+and+Commonwealth+History&rft.atitle=Lord+Mountbatten+and+the+integration+of+the+Indian+states%3A+A+reappraisal&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=385-408&rft.date=1993&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F03086539308582896&rft.issn=0308-6534&rft.au=Copland%2C+Ian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALord+Mountbatten" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGroveRohan1999" class="citation journal cs1">Grove, Eric; Rohan, Sally Rohan (1999). "The Limits of Opposition: Admiral Earl Mountbatten of Burma, First Sea Lord and Chief of Naval Staff". Contemporary British History. 13 (2): 98–116. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F13619469908581531">10.1080/13619469908581531</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1361-9462">1361-9462</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Contemporary+British+History&rft.atitle=The+Limits+of+Opposition%3A+Admiral+Earl+Mountbatten+of+Burma%2C+First+Sea+Lord+and+Chief+of+Naval+Staff.&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=98-116&rft.date=1999&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F13619469908581531&rft.issn=1361-9462&rft.aulast=Grove&rft.aufirst=Eric&rft.au=Rohan%2C+Sally+Rohan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALord+Mountbatten" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHough1980" class="citation book cs1">Hough, Richard (1980). Mountbatten: Hero of Our Time. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-297-77805-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-297-77805-9"><bdi>978-0-297-77805-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mountbatten%3A+Hero+of+Our+Time&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Weidenfeld+%26+Nicolson&rft.date=1980&rft.isbn=978-0-297-77805-9&rft.aulast=Hough&rft.aufirst=Richard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALord+Mountbatten" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKnatchbull2010" class="citation book cs1">Knatchbull, Timothy (2010). From a Clear Blue Sky. London: Arrow. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-09-954358-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-09-954358-9"><bdi>978-0-09-954358-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=From+a+Clear+Blue+Sky&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Arrow&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-09-954358-9&rft.aulast=Knatchbull&rft.aufirst=Timothy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALord+Mountbatten" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeigh1988" class="citation book cs1">Leigh, David (1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/wilsonplotintell0000leig">The Wilson Plot: The Intelligence Services and the Discrediting of a Prime Minister 1945–1976</a>. London: Heinemann. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-434-41340-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-434-41340-9"><bdi>978-0-434-41340-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Wilson+Plot%3A+The+Intelligence+Services+and+the+Discrediting+of+a+Prime+Minister+1945%E2%80%931976&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Heinemann&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=978-0-434-41340-9&rft.aulast=Leigh&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fwilsonplotintell0000leig&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALord+Mountbatten" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcLynn2011" class="citation book cs1">McLynn, Frank (2011). The Burma Campaign: Disaster into Triumph, 1942–1945. New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-300-17836-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-300-17836-4"><bdi>978-0-300-17836-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Burma+Campaign%3A+Disaster+into+Triumph%2C+1942%E2%80%931945&rft.place=New+Haven%2C+Connecticut&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-300-17836-4&rft.aulast=McLynn&rft.aufirst=Frank&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALord+Mountbatten" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoore,_R._J.1981" class="citation journal cs1">Moore, R. J. (1981). "Mountbatten, India, and the Commonwealth". Journal of Commonwealth & Comparative Politics. 19 (1): 5–43. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F14662048108447372">10.1080/14662048108447372</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0306-3631">0306-3631</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Commonwealth+%26+Comparative+Politics&rft.atitle=Mountbatten%2C+India%2C+and+the+Commonwealth&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=5-43&rft.date=1981&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F14662048108447372&rft.issn=0306-3631&rft.au=Moore%2C+R.+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALord+Mountbatten" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMurfett1995" class="citation book cs1">Murfett, Malcolm (1995). The First Sea Lords from Fisher to Mountbatten. Westport, Connecticut: Praeger. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-275-94231-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-275-94231-1"><bdi>978-0-275-94231-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+First+Sea+Lords+from+Fisher+to+Mountbatten&rft.place=Westport%2C+Connecticut&rft.pub=Praeger&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-0-275-94231-1&rft.aulast=Murfett&rft.aufirst=Malcolm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALord+Mountbatten" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNeillands2005" class="citation book cs1">Neillands, Robin (2005). The Dieppe Raid: the story of the disastrous 1942 expedition. Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-253-34781-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-253-34781-7"><bdi>978-0-253-34781-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Dieppe+Raid%3A+the+story+of+the+disastrous+1942+expedition&rft.place=Bloomington%2C+Indiana&rft.pub=Indiana+University+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-253-34781-7&rft.aulast=Neillands&rft.aufirst=Robin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALord+Mountbatten" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNordenvall1998" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Nordenvall, Per (1998). Kungl. Serafimerorden 1748–1998 [The Royal Order of the Seraphim 1748–1998] (in Swedish). Stockholm: Kungl. Maj:ts orden. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-91-630-6744-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-91-630-6744-0"><bdi>978-91-630-6744-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kungl.+Serafimerorden+1748%E2%80%931998&rft.place=Stockholm&rft.pub=Kungl.+Maj%3Ats+orden&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-91-630-6744-0&rft.aulast=Nordenvall&rft.aufirst=Per&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALord+Mountbatten" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRitter2017" class="citation book cs1">Ritter, Jonathan Templin (2017). Stilwell and Mountbatten in Burma: Allies at War, 1943–1944. Denton, Texas: University of North Texas Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-57441-674-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-57441-674-9"><bdi>978-1-57441-674-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Stilwell+and+Mountbatten+in+Burma%3A+Allies+at+War%2C+1943%E2%80%931944&rft.place=Denton%2C+Texas&rft.pub=University+of+North+Texas+Press&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-1-57441-674-9&rft.aulast=Ritter&rft.aufirst=Jonathan+Templin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALord+Mountbatten" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoberts2004" class="citation book cs1">Roberts, Andrew (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/eminentchurchill00robe_0/page/55">Eminent Churchillians</a>. London: Phoenix. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85799-213-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85799-213-7"><bdi>978-1-85799-213-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Eminent+Churchillians&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Phoenix&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-1-85799-213-7&rft.aulast=Roberts&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Feminentchurchill00robe_0%2Fpage%2F55&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALord+Mountbatten" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith1991" class="citation journal cs1">Smith, Adrian (1991). "Command and Control in Postwar Britain Defence Decision-making in the United Kingdom, 1945-1984". Twentieth Century British History. 2 (3): 291–327. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Ftcbh%2F2.3.291">10.1093/tcbh/2.3.291</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Twentieth+Century+British+History&rft.atitle=Command+and+Control+in+Postwar+Britain+Defence+Decision-making+in+the+United+Kingdom%2C+1945-1984&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=291-327&rft.date=1991&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Ftcbh%2F2.3.291&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Adrian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALord+Mountbatten" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith2006" class="citation journal cs1"> ———  (August 2006). "Mountbatten goes to the movies: Promoting the heroic myth through cinema". Historical Journal of Film, Radio and Television. 26 (3): 395–416. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F01439680600799421">10.1080/01439680600799421</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:191491309">191491309</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Historical+Journal+of+Film%2C+Radio+and+Television&rft.atitle=Mountbatten+goes+to+the+movies%3A+Promoting+the+heroic+myth+through+cinema&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=395-416&rft.date=2006-08&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F01439680600799421&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A191491309%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Adrian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALord+Mountbatten" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTerraine1968" class="citation book cs1">Terraine, John (1968). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/lifetimesoflordm0000terr">The Life and Times of Lord Mountbatten</a>. London: Hutchinson. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-09-088810-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-09-088810-8"><bdi>978-0-09-088810-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Life+and+Times+of+Lord+Mountbatten&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Hutchinson&rft.date=1968&rft.isbn=978-0-09-088810-8&rft.aulast=Terraine&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Flifetimesoflordm0000terr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALord+Mountbatten" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVillaHenshaw1998" class="citation journal cs1">Villa, Brian Loring; Henshaw, Peter J. (June 1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://muse.jhu.edu/article/590264">"The Dieppe Raid Debate"</a>. Canadian Historical Review. 79 (2): 304–315. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0008-3755">0008-3755</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Canadian+Historical+Review&rft.atitle=The+Dieppe+Raid+Debate&rft.volume=79&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=304-315&rft.date=1998-06&rft.issn=0008-3755&rft.aulast=Villa&rft.aufirst=Brian+Loring&rft.au=Henshaw%2C+Peter+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmuse.jhu.edu%2Farticle%2F590264&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALord+Mountbatten" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWheen2001" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Francis_Wheen" title="Francis Wheen">Wheen, Francis</a> (2001). Tom Driberg: The Soul of Indiscretion. London: <a href="/wiki/Fourth_Estate_(imprint)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fourth Estate (imprint)">Fourth Estate</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84115-575-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84115-575-3"><bdi>978-1-84115-575-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tom+Driberg%3A+The+Soul+of+Indiscretion&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Fourth+Estate&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-1-84115-575-3&rft.aulast=Wheen&rft.aufirst=Francis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALord+Mountbatten" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZiegler1987" class="citation book cs1">Ziegler, Philip, ed. (1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/diariesoflordlou0000moun">The Diaries of Lord Louis Mountbatten, 1920-1922: Tours with the Prince of Wales</a>. London: Collins. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-00-217608-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-00-217608-4"><bdi>0-00-217608-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Diaries+of+Lord+Louis+Mountbatten%2C+1920-1922%3A+Tours+with+the+Prince+of+Wales&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Collins&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=0-00-217608-4&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdiariesoflordlou0000moun&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALord+Mountbatten" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lord_Mountbatten&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Louis_Mountbatten,_1st_Earl_Mountbatten_of_Burma" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Louis Mountbatten, 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma">Louis Mountbatten, 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma</a>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/34px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/51px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/68px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikiquote has quotations related to <a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Lord_Mountbatten" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/Lord Mountbatten">Lord Mountbatten</a>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lordmountbattenofburma.com">Tribute & Memorial Website to Louis, 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200918190711/https://www.lordmountbattenofburma.com/">Archived</a> 18 September 2020 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.parliament.uk/about/living-heritage/evolutionofparliament/legislativescrutiny/parliament-and-empire/collections1/collections2/mountbatten-the-last-viceroy/">70th Anniversary of Indian Independence – Mountbatten: The Last Viceroy – UK Parliament Living Heritage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hansard" title="Hansard">Hansard</a> 1803–2005: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/people/mr-louis-mountbatten-1">contributions in Parliament by the Earl Mountbatten of Burma</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.southampton.ac.uk/archives/cataloguedatabases/mb/index.page">Papers of Louis, Earl Mountbatten of Burma</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/person.php?LinkID=mp03206">Portraits of Lord Mountbatten</a> at the <a href="/wiki/National_Portrait_Gallery,_London" title="National Portrait Gallery, London">National Portrait Gallery, London</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q157068#P1816" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://purl.org/pressemappe20/folder/pe/012556">Newspaper clippings about Lord Mountbatten</a> in the <a href="/wiki/20th_Century_Press_Archives" title="20th Century Press Archives">20th Century Press Archives</a> of the <a href="/wiki/German_National_Library_of_Economics" title="German National Library of Economics">ZBW</a></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #bebebe;">Government offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Archibald_Percival_Wavell,_1st_Earl_Wavell" class="mw-redirect" title="Archibald Percival Wavell, 1st Earl Wavell">The Viscount Wavell</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/Viceroy_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Viceroy of India">Viceroy of India</a> 1947 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Partition_of_India" title="Partition of India">Partition of India</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">New title </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/Governor_General_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Governor General of India">Governor General of India</a> 1947–1948 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Chakravarti_Rajagopalachari" class="mw-redirect" title="Chakravarti Rajagopalachari">Chakravarti Rajagopalachari</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFF157;">Honorary titles </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Gerald_Wellesley,_7th_Duke_of_Wellington" title="Gerald Wellesley, 7th Duke of Wellington">The Duke of Wellington</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_the_Isle_of_Wight" class="mw-redirect" title="Governor of the Isle of Wight">Governor of the Isle of Wight</a> 1965–1974 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Vacant<div style="font-size:90%">Title next held by</div><a href="/wiki/David_Seely,_4th_Baron_Mottistone" title="David Seely, 4th Baron Mottistone">Lord Mottistone</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">New title </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/Lord_Lieutenant_of_the_Isle_of_Wight" title="Lord Lieutenant of the Isle of Wight">Lord Lieutenant of the Isle of Wight</a> 1974–1979 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Nicholson_Baronets" class="mw-redirect" title="Nicholson Baronets">John Nicholson</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #CF9C65;">Military offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Annesley_Packer" title="Herbert Annesley Packer">Herbert Packer</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/Fourth_Sea_Lord" title="Fourth Sea Lord">Fourth Sea Lord</a> 1950–1952 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Sydney_Raw" title="Sydney Raw">Sydney Raw</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/John_Edelsten" title="John Edelsten">John Edelsten</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> Commander-in-Chief of the <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_Fleet" title="Mediterranean Fleet">Mediterranean Fleet</a> 1952–1954 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Guy_Grantham" title="Guy Grantham">Guy Grantham</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Rhoderick_McGrigor" title="Rhoderick McGrigor">Rhoderick McGrigor</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/First_Sea_Lord" title="First Sea Lord">First Sea Lord</a> 1955–1959 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Lambe" title="Charles Lambe">Charles Lambe</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/William_Dickson_(RAF_officer)" title="William Dickson (RAF officer)">William Dickson</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/Chief_of_the_Defence_Staff_(United_Kingdom)" title="Chief of the Defence Staff (United Kingdom)">Chief of the Defence Staff</a> 1959–1965 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Hull" title="Richard Hull">Richard Hull</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rustu_Erdelhun&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rustu Erdelhun (page does not exist)">Rustu Erdelhun</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/Chairman_of_the_NATO_Military_Committee" class="mw-redirect" title="Chairman of the NATO Military Committee">Chairman of the NATO Military Committee</a> 1960–1961 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Lyman_Lemnitzer" title="Lyman Lemnitzer">Lyman Lemnitzer</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ACE777;"><a href="/wiki/Peerage_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Peerage of the United Kingdom">Peerage of the United Kingdom</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="2">New creation </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/Earl_Mountbatten_of_Burma" title="Earl Mountbatten of Burma">Earl Mountbatten of Burma</a> 1947–1979 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="2">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a 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href="/wiki/Andrew_Humphrey" title="Andrew Humphrey">Sir Andrew Humphrey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Ashmore" title="Edward Ashmore">Sir Edward Ashmore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neil_Cameron,_Baron_Cameron_of_Balhousie" title="Neil Cameron, Baron Cameron of Balhousie">Sir Neil Cameron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terence_Lewin" title="Terence Lewin">Sir Terence Lewin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edwin_Bramall" title="Edwin Bramall">Sir Edwin Bramall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Fieldhouse,_Baron_Fieldhouse" title="John Fieldhouse, Baron Fieldhouse">Sir John Fieldhouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Craig,_Baron_Craig_of_Radley" title="David Craig, Baron Craig of Radley">Sir David Craig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Vincent,_Baron_Vincent_of_Coleshill" title="Richard Vincent, Baron Vincent of Coleshill">Sir Richard Vincent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Harding_(RAF_officer,_born_1933)" title="Peter Harding (RAF officer, born 1933)">Sir Peter Harding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Inge,_Baron_Inge" title="Peter Inge, Baron Inge">Sir Peter Inge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Guthrie,_Baron_Guthrie_of_Craigiebank" title="Charles Guthrie, Baron Guthrie of Craigiebank">Sir Charles Guthrie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Boyce,_Baron_Boyce" title="Michael Boyce, Baron Boyce">Sir Michael Boyce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Walker,_Baron_Walker_of_Aldringham" title="Michael Walker, Baron Walker of Aldringham">Sir Michael Walker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jock_Stirrup" title="Jock Stirrup">Sir Jock Stirrup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Richards,_Baron_Richards_of_Herstmonceux" title="David Richards, Baron Richards of Herstmonceux">Sir David Richards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nick_Houghton" title="Nick Houghton">Sir Nick Houghton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stuart_Peach" title="Stuart Peach">Sir Stuart Peach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nick_Carter_(British_Army_officer)" title="Nick Carter (British Army officer)">Sir Nicholas Carter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Radakin" title="Tony Radakin">Sir Tony Radakin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="First_Sea_Lords_of_the_Royal_Navy" style=";wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:First_Sea_Lord" title="Template:First Sea Lord"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:First_Sea_Lord" title="Template talk:First Sea Lord"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:First_Sea_Lord" title="Special:EditPage/Template:First Sea Lord"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="First_Sea_Lords_of_the_Royal_Navy" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/First_Sea_Lord" title="First Sea Lord">First Sea Lords</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Navy" title="Royal Navy">Royal Navy</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Senior Naval Lords (1689–1771)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Herbert,_1st_Earl_of_Torrington" title="Arthur Herbert, 1st Earl of Torrington">Arthur Herbert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Chicheley" title="John Chicheley">Sir John Chicheley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Russell,_1st_Earl_of_Orford" title="Edward Russell, 1st Earl of Orford">Edward Russell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Priestman_(Royal_Navy_officer)" title="Henry Priestman (Royal Navy officer)">Henry Priestman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Russell,_1st_Earl_of_Orford" title="Edward Russell, 1st Earl of Orford">Earl of Orford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Rooke" title="George Rooke">Sir George Rooke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Leake" title="John Leake">Sir John Leake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Byng,_1st_Viscount_Torrington" title="George Byng, 1st Viscount Torrington">Sir George Byng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Leake" title="John Leake">Sir John Leake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Byng,_1st_Viscount_Torrington" title="George Byng, 1st Viscount Torrington">Sir George Byng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_Aylmer,_1st_Baron_Aylmer" title="Matthew Aylmer, 1st Baron Aylmer">Matthew Aylmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Byng,_1st_Viscount_Torrington" title="George Byng, 1st Viscount Torrington">Sir George Byng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Jennings_(Royal_Navy_officer)" title="John Jennings (Royal Navy officer)">Sir John Jennings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Norris_(Royal_Navy_officer)" title="John Norris (Royal Navy officer)">Sir John Norris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Wager" title="Charles Wager">Sir Charles Wager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord_Archibald_Hamilton" title="Lord Archibald Hamilton">Lord Archibald Hamilton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Powlett,_4th_Duke_of_Bolton" title="Harry Powlett, 4th Duke of Bolton">Lord Harry Powlett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord_Archibald_Hamilton" title="Lord Archibald Hamilton">Lord Archibald Hamilton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vere_Beauclerk,_1st_Baron_Vere" title="Vere Beauclerk, 1st Baron Vere">Lord Vere Beauclerk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Anson,_1st_Baron_Anson" title="George Anson, 1st Baron Anson">Lord Anson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Rowley_(Royal_Navy_officer)" title="William Rowley (Royal Navy officer)">Sir William Rowley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Boscawen" title="Edward Boscawen">Edward Boscawen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Rowley_(Royal_Navy_officer)" title="William Rowley (Royal Navy officer)">Sir William Rowley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Boscawen" title="Edward Boscawen">Edward Boscawen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Forbes_(Royal_Navy_officer)" title="John Forbes (Royal Navy officer)">John Forbes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Howe,_1st_Earl_Howe" title="Richard Howe, 1st Earl Howe">Earl Howe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Saunders_(Royal_Navy_officer)" title="Charles Saunders (Royal Navy officer)">Sir Charles Saunders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustus_Keppel,_1st_Viscount_Keppel" title="Augustus Keppel, 1st Viscount Keppel">Augustus Keppel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peircy_Brett" title="Peircy Brett">Sir Peircy Brett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Holburne" title="Francis Holburne">Sir Francis Holburne</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-right mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Naval_Ensign_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Naval_Ensign_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/75px-Naval_Ensign_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="38" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Naval_Ensign_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/113px-Naval_Ensign_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Naval_Ensign_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/150px-Naval_Ensign_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">First Naval Lords (1771–1904)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Augustus_Hervey,_3rd_Earl_of_Bristol" title="Augustus Hervey, 3rd Earl of Bristol">Augustus Hervey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Palliser" title="Hugh Palliser">Sir Hugh Palliser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Man" title="Robert Man">Robert Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Darby" title="George Darby">George Darby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sir_Robert_Harland,_1st_Baronet" title="Sir Robert Harland, 1st Baronet">Sir Robert Harland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Pigot_(Royal_Navy_officer,_born_1722)" title="Hugh Pigot (Royal Navy officer, born 1722)">Sir Hugh Pigot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Leveson-Gower_(Royal_Navy_officer)" title="John Leveson-Gower (Royal Navy officer)">John Leveson-Gower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Hood,_1st_Viscount_Hood" title="Samuel Hood, 1st Viscount Hood">Lord Hood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Middleton,_1st_Baron_Barham" title="Charles Middleton, 1st Baron Barham">Sir Charles Middleton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Gambier,_1st_Baron_Gambier" title="James Gambier, 1st Baron Gambier">James Gambier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sir_Thomas_Troubridge,_1st_Baronet" title="Sir Thomas Troubridge, 1st Baronet">Sir Thomas Troubridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Gambier,_1st_Baron_Gambier" title="James Gambier, 1st Baron Gambier">James Gambier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Markham_(Royal_Navy_officer)" title="John Markham (Royal Navy officer)">John Markham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Gambier,_1st_Baron_Gambier" title="James Gambier, 1st Baron Gambier">James Gambier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sir_Richard_Bickerton,_2nd_Baronet" title="Sir Richard Bickerton, 2nd Baronet">Sir Richard Bickerton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Domett" title="William Domett">William Domett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Sydney_Yorke" title="Joseph Sydney Yorke">Sir Joseph Yorke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graham_Moore_(Royal_Navy_officer)" title="Graham Moore (Royal Navy officer)">Sir Graham Moore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Johnstone_Hope" title="William Johnstone Hope">Sir William Johnstone Hope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sir_George_Cockburn,_10th_Baronet" title="Sir George Cockburn, 10th Baronet">Sir George Cockburn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sir_Thomas_Hardy,_1st_Baronet" title="Sir Thomas Hardy, 1st Baronet">Sir Thomas Hardy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Dundas_(Royal_Navy_officer)" title="George Dundas (Royal Navy officer)">The Hon. George Dundas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Adam" title="Charles Adam">Charles Adam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sir_George_Cockburn,_10th_Baronet" title="Sir George Cockburn, 10th Baronet">Sir George Cockburn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Adam" title="Charles Adam">Sir Charles Adam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sir_George_Cockburn,_10th_Baronet" title="Sir George Cockburn, 10th Baronet">Sir George Cockburn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sir_William_Parker,_1st_Baronet,_of_Shenstone" title="Sir William Parker, 1st Baronet, of Shenstone">Sir William Parker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Adam" title="Charles Adam">Sir Charles Adam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Whitley_Deans_Dundas" title="James Whitley Deans Dundas">Sir James Dundas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Berkeley,_1st_Baron_FitzHardinge" title="Maurice Berkeley, 1st Baron FitzHardinge">The Hon. Maurice Berkeley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyde_Parker_(Royal_Navy_officer,_born_1784)" title="Hyde Parker (Royal Navy officer, born 1784)">Hyde Parker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Berkeley,_1st_Baron_FitzHardinge" title="Maurice Berkeley, 1st Baron FitzHardinge">The Hon. Maurice Berkeley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Saunders_Dundas" title="Richard Saunders Dundas">The Hon. Sir Richard Dundas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sir_William_Martin,_4th_Baronet" title="Sir William Martin, 4th Baronet">William Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Saunders_Dundas" title="Richard Saunders Dundas">The Hon. Sir Richard Dundas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Grey" title="Frederick Grey">The Hon. Sir Frederick Grey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sir_Alexander_Milne,_1st_Baronet" title="Sir Alexander Milne, 1st Baronet">Sir Alexander Milne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sydney_Dacres" title="Sydney Dacres">Sir Sydney Dacres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sir_Alexander_Milne,_1st_Baronet" title="Sir Alexander Milne, 1st Baronet">Sir Alexander Milne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hastings_Yelverton" title="Hastings Yelverton">Sir Hastings Yelverton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Wellesley" title="George Wellesley">Sir George Wellesley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astley_Cooper_Key" title="Astley Cooper Key">Sir Astley Key</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Hood,_1st_Baron_Hood_of_Avalon" title="Arthur Hood, 1st Baron Hood of Avalon">Sir Arthur Hood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord_John_Hay_(Royal_Navy_admiral_of_the_fleet)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lord John Hay (Royal Navy admiral of the fleet)">Lord John Hay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Hood,_1st_Baron_Hood_of_Avalon" title="Arthur Hood, 1st Baron Hood of Avalon">Sir Arthur Hood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Vesey_Hamilton" title="Richard Vesey Hamilton">Sir Richard Hamilton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Hoskins" title="Anthony Hoskins">Sir Anthony Hoskins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Richards" title="Frederick Richards">Sir Frederick Richards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord_Walter_Kerr" title="Lord Walter Kerr">Lord Walter Kerr</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">First Sea Lords (1904–present)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Fisher,_1st_Baron_Fisher" title="John Fisher, 1st Baron Fisher">Sir John Fisher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sir_Arthur_Wilson,_3rd_Baronet" title="Sir Arthur Wilson, 3rd Baronet">Sir Arthur Wilson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Bridgeman_(Royal_Navy_officer)" title="Francis Bridgeman (Royal Navy officer)">Sir Francis Bridgeman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Louis_of_Battenberg" title="Prince Louis of Battenberg">Prince Louis of Battenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Fisher,_1st_Baron_Fisher" title="John Fisher, 1st Baron Fisher">The Lord Fisher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Jackson_(Royal_Navy_officer)" title="Henry Jackson (Royal Navy officer)">Sir Henry Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Jellicoe,_1st_Earl_Jellicoe" title="John Jellicoe, 1st Earl Jellicoe">Sir John Jellicoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosslyn_Wemyss,_1st_Baron_Wester_Wemyss" title="Rosslyn Wemyss, 1st Baron Wester Wemyss">Sir Rosslyn Wemyss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Beatty,_1st_Earl_Beatty" title="David Beatty, 1st Earl Beatty">The Earl Beatty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sir_Charles_Madden,_1st_Baronet" title="Sir Charles Madden, 1st Baronet">Sir Charles Madden, Bt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Field_(Royal_Navy_officer)" title="Frederick Field (Royal Navy officer)">Sir Frederick Field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernle_Chatfield,_1st_Baron_Chatfield" title="Ernle Chatfield, 1st Baron Chatfield">The Lord Chatfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Backhouse" title="Roger Backhouse">Sir Roger Backhouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dudley_Pound" title="Dudley Pound">Sir Dudley Pound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Cunningham,_1st_Viscount_Cunningham_of_Hyndhope" title="Andrew Cunningham, 1st Viscount Cunningham of Hyndhope">The Lord Cunningham of Hyndhope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Cunningham_(Royal_Navy_officer)" title="John Cunningham (Royal Navy officer)">Sir John Cunningham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruce_Fraser,_1st_Baron_Fraser_of_North_Cape" title="Bruce Fraser, 1st Baron Fraser of North Cape">The Lord Fraser of North Cape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhoderick_McGrigor" title="Rhoderick McGrigor">Sir Rhoderick McGrigor</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">The Earl Mountbatten of Burma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Lambe" title="Charles Lambe">Sir Charles Lambe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caspar_John" title="Caspar John">Sir Caspar John</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Luce" title="David Luce">Sir David Luce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varyl_Begg" title="Varyl Begg">Sir Varyl Begg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Le_Fanu" title="Michael Le Fanu">Sir Michael Le Fanu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Hill-Norton" title="Peter Hill-Norton">Sir Peter Hill-Norton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Pollock_(Royal_Navy_officer)" title="Michael Pollock (Royal Navy officer)">Sir Michael Pollock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Ashmore" title="Edward Ashmore">Sir Edward Ashmore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terence_Lewin" title="Terence Lewin">Sir Terence Lewin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Leach" title="Henry Leach">Sir Henry Leach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Fieldhouse,_Baron_Fieldhouse" title="John Fieldhouse, Baron Fieldhouse">Sir John Fieldhouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Staveley_(Royal_Navy_officer)" title="William Staveley (Royal Navy officer)">Sir William Staveley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julian_Oswald" title="Julian Oswald">Sir Julian Oswald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Bathurst_(Royal_Navy_officer)" title="Benjamin Bathurst (Royal Navy officer)">Sir Benjamin Bathurst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jock_Slater" title="Jock Slater">Sir Jock Slater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Boyce,_Baron_Boyce" title="Michael Boyce, Baron Boyce">Sir Michael Boyce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigel_Essenhigh" title="Nigel Essenhigh">Sir Nigel Essenhigh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_West,_Baron_West_of_Spithead" title="Alan West, Baron West of Spithead">Sir Alan West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonathon_Band" title="Jonathon Band">Sir Jonathon Band</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Stanhope" title="Mark Stanhope">Sir Mark Stanhope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Zambellas" title="George Zambellas">Sir George Zambellas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Jones_(Royal_Navy_officer)" title="Philip Jones (Royal Navy officer)">Sir Philip Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Radakin" title="Tony Radakin">Sir Antony Radakin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ben_Key" title="Ben Key">Sir Ben Key</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Viceroys_of_India" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background:;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Viceroys_of_India" title="Template:Viceroys of India"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Viceroys_of_India" title="Template talk:Viceroys of India"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Viceroys_of_India" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Viceroys of India"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Viceroys_of_India" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Governor-General_of_India" title="Governor-General of India">Viceroys of India</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/East_India_Company" title="East India Company">East India Company</a> (1773–1858)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Warren_Hastings" title="Warren Hastings">Warren Hastings</a> (1774–85)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Cornwallis,_1st_Marquess_Cornwallis" title="Charles Cornwallis, 1st Marquess Cornwallis">The Earl Cornwallis</a> (1786–93)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Shore,_1st_Baron_Teignmouth" title="John Shore, 1st Baron Teignmouth">The Lord Teignmouth</a> (1793–98)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Wellesley,_1st_Marquess_Wellesley" title="Richard Wellesley, 1st Marquess Wellesley">The Marquess Wellesley</a> (1798–1805)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Cornwallis,_1st_Marquess_Cornwallis" title="Charles Cornwallis, 1st Marquess Cornwallis">The Marquess Cornwallis</a> (1805)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilbert_Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound,_1st_Earl_of_Minto" title="Gilbert Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound, 1st Earl of Minto">The Earl of Minto</a> (1807–13)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Rawdon-Hastings,_1st_Marquess_of_Hastings" title="Francis Rawdon-Hastings, 1st Marquess of Hastings">The Marquess of Hastings</a> (1813–23)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Amherst,_1st_Earl_Amherst" title="William Amherst, 1st Earl Amherst">The Earl Amherst</a> (1823–28)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord_William_Bentinck" title="Lord William Bentinck">Lord William Bentinck</a> (1828–35)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Eden,_1st_Earl_of_Auckland" title="George Eden, 1st Earl of Auckland">The Earl of Auckland</a> (1836–42)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Law,_1st_Earl_of_Ellenborough" title="Edward Law, 1st Earl of Ellenborough">The Earl of Ellenborough</a> (1842–44)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Hardinge,_1st_Viscount_Hardinge" title="Henry Hardinge, 1st Viscount Hardinge">The Viscount Hardinge</a> (1844–48)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Broun-Ramsay,_1st_Marquess_of_Dalhousie" title="James Broun-Ramsay, 1st Marquess of Dalhousie">The Marquess of Dalhousie</a> (1848–56)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Canning,_1st_Earl_Canning" title="Charles Canning, 1st Earl Canning">The Viscount Canning</a> (1856–58)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:5em"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_British_East_India_Company_(1801).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_the_British_East_India_Company_%281801%29.svg/100px-Flag_of_the_British_East_India_Company_%281801%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_the_British_East_India_Company_%281801%29.svg/150px-Flag_of_the_British_East_India_Company_%281801%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_the_British_East_India_Company_%281801%29.svg/200px-Flag_of_the_British_East_India_Company_%281801%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Governor-General_of_India_(1885%E2%80%931947).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_the_Governor-General_of_India_%281885%E2%80%931947%29.svg/100px-Flag_of_the_Governor-General_of_India_%281885%E2%80%931947%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_the_Governor-General_of_India_%281885%E2%80%931947%29.svg/150px-Flag_of_the_Governor-General_of_India_%281885%E2%80%931947%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_the_Governor-General_of_India_%281885%E2%80%931947%29.svg/200px-Flag_of_the_Governor-General_of_India_%281885%E2%80%931947%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /></a> <a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Governor-General_of_India_(1947%E2%80%931950).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Flag_of_the_Governor-General_of_India_%281947%E2%80%931950%29.svg/100px-Flag_of_the_Governor-General_of_India_%281947%E2%80%931950%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Flag_of_the_Governor-General_of_India_%281947%E2%80%931950%29.svg/150px-Flag_of_the_Governor-General_of_India_%281947%E2%80%931950%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Flag_of_the_Governor-General_of_India_%281947%E2%80%931950%29.svg/200px-Flag_of_the_Governor-General_of_India_%281947%E2%80%931950%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Her_Majesty%27s_Government" class="mw-redirect" title="Her Majesty's Government">British Government</a>1 (1858–1947)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Canning,_1st_Earl_Canning" title="Charles Canning, 1st Earl Canning">The Earl Canning</a> (1858–62)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Bruce,_8th_Earl_of_Elgin" title="James Bruce, 8th Earl of Elgin">The Earl of Elgin</a> (1862–63)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Lawrence,_1st_Baron_Lawrence" title="John Lawrence, 1st Baron Lawrence">The Lord Lawrence</a> (1864–69)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Bourke,_6th_Earl_of_Mayo" title="Richard Bourke, 6th Earl of Mayo">The Earl of Mayo</a> (1869–72)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Baring,_1st_Earl_of_Northbrook" title="Thomas Baring, 1st Earl of Northbrook">The Earl of Northbrook</a> (1872–76)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Bulwer-Lytton,_1st_Earl_of_Lytton" title="Robert Bulwer-Lytton, 1st Earl of Lytton">The Earl of Lytton</a> (1876–80)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Robinson,_1st_Marquess_of_Ripon" title="George Robinson, 1st Marquess of Ripon">The Marquess of Ripon</a> (1880–84)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Hamilton-Temple-Blackwood,_1st_Marquess_of_Dufferin_and_Ava" title="Frederick Hamilton-Temple-Blackwood, 1st Marquess of Dufferin and Ava">The Marquess of Dufferin and Ava</a> (1884–88)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Petty-Fitzmaurice,_5th_Marquess_of_Lansdowne" title="Henry Petty-Fitzmaurice, 5th Marquess of Lansdowne">The Marquess of Lansdowne</a> (1888–94)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Bruce,_9th_Earl_of_Elgin" title="Victor Bruce, 9th Earl of Elgin">The Earl of Elgin</a> (1894–99)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Curzon,_1st_Marquess_Curzon_of_Kedleston" title="George Curzon, 1st Marquess Curzon of Kedleston">The Lord Curzon of Kedleston</a> (1899–1905)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilbert_Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound,_4th_Earl_of_Minto" title="Gilbert Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound, 4th Earl of Minto">The Earl of Minto</a> (1905–10)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Hardinge,_1st_Baron_Hardinge_of_Penshurst" title="Charles Hardinge, 1st Baron Hardinge of Penshurst">The Lord Hardinge of Penshurst</a> (1910–16)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederic_Thesiger,_1st_Viscount_Chelmsford" title="Frederic Thesiger, 1st Viscount Chelmsford">The Lord Chelmsford</a> (1916–21)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rufus_Isaacs,_1st_Marquess_of_Reading" title="Rufus Isaacs, 1st Marquess of Reading">The Earl of Reading</a> (1921–26)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Wood,_1st_Earl_of_Halifax" title="Edward Wood, 1st Earl of Halifax">The Lord Irwin</a> (1926–31)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freeman_Freeman-Thomas,_1st_Marquess_of_Willingdon" title="Freeman Freeman-Thomas, 1st Marquess of Willingdon">The Earl of Willingdon</a> (1931–36)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Hope,_2nd_Marquess_of_Linlithgow" title="Victor Hope, 2nd Marquess of Linlithgow">The Marquess of Linlithgow</a> (1936–43)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archibald_Wavell,_1st_Earl_Wavell" title="Archibald Wavell, 1st Earl Wavell">The Viscount Wavell</a> (1943–47)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">The Viscount Mountbatten of Burma</a> (1947)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.2em;">Governors General after <a href="/wiki/Partition_of_India" title="Partition of India">Indian independence</a>2</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">The Earl Mountbatten of Burma</a> (1947–48)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/C._Rajagopalachari" title="C. Rajagopalachari">Chakravarthi Rajagopalachari</a> (1948–50)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.2em;">Governors General after <a href="/wiki/History_of_Pakistan" title="History of Pakistan">Pakistani independence</a>3</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Ali_Jinnah" title="Muhammad Ali Jinnah">Muhammad Ali Jinnah</a> (1947–48)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khawaja_Nazimuddin" title="Khawaja Nazimuddin">Sir Khawaja Nazimuddin</a> (1948–51)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malik_Ghulam_Muhammad" title="Malik Ghulam Muhammad">Ghulam Muhammad</a> (1951–55)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iskander_Mirza" class="mw-redirect" title="Iskander Mirza">Iskander Mirza</a> (1955–56)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="padding-top:0.3em; line-height:1.2em;"><div>1 Following the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Rebellion_of_1857" title="Indian Rebellion of 1857">1857 Sepoy Mutiny</a>. 2 As representatives of <a href="/wiki/George_VI" title="George VI">George VI</a> in his role as King of India (1947–50). 3 As representatives of George VI and then <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_II" title="Elizabeth II">Elizabeth II</a> in their roles as King and Queen of Pakistan, respectively.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Indian_independence_movement" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Indian_Independence_Movement" title="Template:Indian Independence Movement"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Indian_Independence_Movement" title="Template talk:Indian Independence Movement"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Indian_Independence_Movement" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Indian Independence Movement"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Indian_independence_movement" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Indian_independence_movement" title="Indian independence movement">Indian independence movement</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_India#Indian_independence_movement_(1885–1947)" title="History of India">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Colonial_India" title="Colonial India">Colonisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_settlement_in_Chittagong" title="Portuguese settlement in Chittagong">Porto Grande de Bengala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Bengal" title="Dutch Bengal">Dutch Bengal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_India_Company" title="East India Company">East India Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">British Raj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_India" title="French India">French India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_India" title="Portuguese India">Portuguese India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Plassey" title="Battle of Plassey">Battle of Plassey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Buxar" title="Battle of Buxar">Battle of Buxar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Mysore_Wars" title="Anglo-Mysore Wars">Anglo-Mysore Wars</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Anglo-Mysore_War" title="First Anglo-Mysore War">First</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Anglo-Mysore_War" title="Second Anglo-Mysore War">Second</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Anglo-Mysore_War" title="Third Anglo-Mysore War">Third</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_Anglo-Mysore_War" title="Fourth Anglo-Mysore War">Fourth</a></li></ul></li> <li>Anglo-Maratha Wars <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Anglo-Maratha_War" title="First Anglo-Maratha War">First</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Anglo-Maratha_War" title="Second Anglo-Maratha War">Second</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Anglo-Maratha_War" title="Third Anglo-Maratha War">Third</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gwalior_campaign" title="Gwalior campaign">Gwalior</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polygar_Wars" title="Polygar Wars">Polygar Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vellore_Mutiny" title="Vellore Mutiny">Vellore Mutiny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Anglo-Sikh_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First Anglo-Sikh War">First Anglo-Sikh War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Anglo-Sikh_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Anglo-Sikh War">Second Anglo-Sikh War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sannyasi_rebellion" title="Sannyasi rebellion">Sannyasi rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Rebellion_of_1857" title="Indian Rebellion of 1857">Rebellion of 1857</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radcliffe_Line" title="Radcliffe Line">Radcliffe Line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:British_India" title="Category:British India">more</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Philosophies and ideologies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/B._R._Ambedkar" title="B. R. Ambedkar">Ambedkarism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gandhism" title="Gandhism">Gandhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_nationalism" title="Hindu nationalism">Hindu nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_nationalism" title="Indian nationalism">Indian nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khilafat_Movement" title="Khilafat Movement">Khilafat Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muslim_nationalism_in_South_Asia" title="Muslim nationalism in South Asia">Muslim nationalism in South Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satyagraha" title="Satyagraha">Satyagraha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialism_in_India" title="Socialism in India">Socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swadeshi_movement" title="Swadeshi movement">Swadeshi movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swaraj" title="Swaraj">Swaraj</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Events and movements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Partition_of_Bengal_(1905)" title="Partition of Bengal (1905)">Partition of Bengal (1905)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Partition_of_Bengal_(1947)" title="Partition of Bengal (1947)">Partition of Bengal (1947)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_movement_for_Indian_independence" title="Revolutionary movement for Indian independence">Revolutionaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Direct_Action_Day" title="Direct Action Day">Direct Action Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delhi_conspiracy_case" title="Delhi conspiracy case">Delhi-Lahore Conspiracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Indian_Sociologist" title="The Indian Sociologist">The Indian Sociologist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1915_Singapore_Mutiny" title="1915 Singapore Mutiny">Singapore Mutiny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu%E2%80%93German_Conspiracy" title="Hindu–German Conspiracy">Hindu–German Conspiracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Champaran_Satyagraha" title="Champaran Satyagraha">Champaran Satyagraha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kheda_Satyagraha_of_1918" title="Kheda Satyagraha of 1918">Kheda Satyagraha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rowlatt_Committee" title="Rowlatt Committee">Rowlatt Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rowlatt_Act" title="Rowlatt Act">Rowlatt Bills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jallianwala_Bagh_massacre" title="Jallianwala Bagh massacre">Jallianwala Bagh massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noakhali_riots" title="Noakhali riots">Noakhali riots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-cooperation_movement_(1919%E2%80%931922)" title="Non-cooperation movement (1919–1922)">Non-cooperation movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_Day_Plot" title="Christmas Day Plot">Christmas Day Plot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coolie-Begar_movement" title="Coolie-Begar movement">Coolie-Begar movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chauri_Chaura_incident" title="Chauri Chaura incident">Chauri Chaura incident, 1922</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kakori_conspiracy" title="Kakori conspiracy">Kakori conspiracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qissa_Khwani_massacre" title="Qissa Khwani massacre">Qissa Khwani massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_Satyagraha" title="Flag Satyagraha">Flag Satyagraha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bardoli_Satyagraha" title="Bardoli Satyagraha">Bardoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Commission" title="Simon Commission">1928 Protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nehru_Report" title="Nehru Report">Nehru Report</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourteen_Points_of_Jinnah" title="Fourteen Points of Jinnah">Fourteen Points of Jinnah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purna_Swaraj" title="Purna Swaraj">Purna Swaraj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salt_March" title="Salt March">Salt March</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dharasana_Satyagraha" title="Dharasana Satyagraha">Dharasana Satyagraha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vedaranyam_March" title="Vedaranyam March">Vedaranyam March</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chittagong_armoury_raid" title="Chittagong armoury raid">Chittagong armoury raid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gandhi%E2%80%93Irwin_Pact" title="Gandhi–Irwin Pact">Gandhi–Irwin Pact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Round_Table_Conferences_(India)" title="Round Table Conferences (India)">Round table conferences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_India_Act_1935" title="Government of India Act 1935">Act of 1935</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aundh_Experiment" title="Aundh Experiment">Aundh Experiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Legion" title="Indian Legion">Indian Legion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cripps_Mission" title="Cripps Mission">Cripps Mission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quit_India_Movement" title="Quit India Movement">Quit India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Indian_Navy_mutiny" title="Royal Indian Navy mutiny">Bombay Mutiny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Air_Force_strikes_of_1946" title="Royal Air Force strikes of 1946">Royal Air Force strikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coup_d%27%C3%A9tat_of_Yanaon" title="Coup d'état of Yanaon">Coup d'état of Yanaon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provisional_Government_of_India" title="Provisional Government of India">Provisional Government of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independence_Day_(India)" title="Independence Day (India)">Independence Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/All_India_States_Peoples%27_Conference" class="mw-redirect" title="All India States Peoples' Conference">Praja Mandala movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucknow_Pact" title="Lucknow Pact">Lucknow Pact</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organisations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/All_India_Kisan_Sabha" title="All India Kisan Sabha">All India Kisan Sabha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/All-India_Muslim_League" title="All-India Muslim League">All-India Muslim League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anushilan_Samiti" title="Anushilan Samiti">Anushilan Samiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arya_Samaj" title="Arya Samaj">Arya Samaj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azad_Hind" title="Azad Hind">Azad Hind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berlin_Committee" title="Berlin Committee">Berlin Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghadar_Movement" title="Ghadar Movement">Ghadar Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindustan_Socialist_Republican_Association" title="Hindustan Socialist Republican Association">Hindustan Socialist Republican Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Indian_National_Congress" title="History of the Indian National Congress">Indian National Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India_House" title="India House">India House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Home_Rule_movement" title="Indian Home Rule movement">Indian Home Rule movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Independence_League" title="Indian Independence League">Indian Independence League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_National_Army" title="Indian National Army">Indian National Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jugantar" title="Jugantar">Jugantar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khaksar_movement" title="Khaksar movement">Khaksar movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khudai_Khidmatgar" title="Khudai Khidmatgar">Khudai Khidmatgar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swaraj_Party" title="Swaraj Party">Swaraj Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Indian_independence_movement" title="Category:Indian independence movement">more</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Social reformers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ashfaqulla_Khan" title="Ashfaqulla Khan">Ashfaqulla Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._Vaidyanatha_Iyer" title="A. Vaidyanatha Iyer">A. Vaidyanatha Iyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayya_Vaikundar" title="Ayya Vaikundar">Ayya Vaikundar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayyankali" title="Ayyankali">Ayyankali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B._R._Ambedkar" title="B. R. Ambedkar">B. R. Ambedkar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baba_Amte" title="Baba Amte">Baba Amte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bal_Gangadhar_Tilak" title="Bal Gangadhar Tilak">Bal Gangadhar Tilak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dayananda_Saraswati" title="Dayananda Saraswati">Dayananda Saraswati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhondo_Keshav_Karve" title="Dhondo Keshav Karve">Dhondo Keshav Karve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G._Subramania_Iyer" title="G. Subramania Iyer">G. Subramania Iyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gazulu_Lakshminarasu_Chetty" title="Gazulu Lakshminarasu Chetty">Gazulu Lakshminarasu Chetty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gopal_Ganesh_Agarkar" title="Gopal Ganesh Agarkar">Gopal Ganesh Agarkar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gopal_Hari_Deshmukh" title="Gopal Hari Deshmukh">Gopal Hari Deshmukh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gopaldas_Ambaidas_Desai" title="Gopaldas Ambaidas Desai">Gopaldas Ambaidas Desai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ishwar_Chandra_Vidyasagar" title="Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar">Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._B._Kripalani" title="J. B. Kripalani">J. B. Kripalani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jyotirao_Phule" title="Jyotirao Phule">Jyotirao Phule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kandukuri_Veeresalingam" title="Kandukuri Veeresalingam">Kandukuri Veeresalingam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahadev_Govind_Ranade" title="Mahadev Govind Ranade">Mahadev Govind Ranade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi" title="Mahatma Gandhi">Mahatma Gandhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muthulakshmi_Reddy" title="Muthulakshmi Reddy">Muthulakshmi Reddy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narayana_Guru" title="Narayana Guru">Narayana Guru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niralamba_Swami" title="Niralamba Swami">Niralamba Swami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pandita_Ramabai" title="Pandita Ramabai">Pandita Ramabai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Periyar" title="Periyar">Periyar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ram_Mohan_Roy" class="mw-redirect" title="Ram Mohan Roy">Ram Mohan Roy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rettamalai_Srinivasan" title="Rettamalai Srinivasan">Rettamalai Srinivasan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sahajanand_Saraswati" title="Sahajanand Saraswati">Sahajanand Saraswati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savitribai_Phule" title="Savitribai Phule">Savitribai Phule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shahu_of_Kolhapur" title="Shahu of Kolhapur">Shahu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sister_Nivedita" title="Sister Nivedita">Sister Nivedita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Aurobindo" title="Sri Aurobindo">Sri Aurobindo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syed_Ahmad_Khan" title="Syed Ahmad Khan">Syed Ahmad Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vakkom_Moulavi" title="Vakkom Moulavi">Vakkom Moulavi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vinayak_Damodar_Savarkar" title="Vinayak Damodar Savarkar">Vinayak Damodar Savarkar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vinoba_Bhave" title="Vinoba Bhave">Vinoba Bhave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vitthal_Ramji_Shinde" title="Vitthal Ramji Shinde">Vitthal Ramji Shinde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swami_Vivekananda" title="Swami Vivekananda">Vivekananda</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Independence activists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abul_Kalam_Azad" class="mw-redirect" title="Abul Kalam Azad">Abul Kalam Azad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Accamma_Cherian" title="Accamma Cherian">Accamma Cherian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Achyut_Patwardhan" title="Achyut Patwardhan">Achyut Patwardhan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._K._Fazlul_Huq" title="A. K. Fazlul Huq">A. K. Fazlul Huq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alluri_Sitarama_Raju" title="Alluri Sitarama Raju">Alluri Sitarama Raju</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annapurna_Maharana" title="Annapurna Maharana">Annapurna Maharana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annie_Besant" title="Annie Besant">Annie Besant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashfaqulla_Khan" title="Ashfaqulla Khan">Ashfaqulla Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kunwar_Singh" title="Kunwar Singh">Babu Kunwar Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bagha_Jatin" title="Bagha Jatin">Bagha Jatin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahadur_Shah_Zafar" title="Bahadur Shah Zafar">Bahadur Shah II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bakht_Khan" title="Bakht Khan">Bakht Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bal_Gangadhar_Tilak" title="Bal Gangadhar Tilak">Bal Gangadhar Tilak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basawon_Singh" title="Basawon Singh">Basawon Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Begum_Hazrat_Mahal" title="Begum Hazrat Mahal">Begum Hazrat Mahal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhagat_Singh" title="Bhagat Singh">Bhagat Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bharathidasan" title="Bharathidasan">Bharathidasan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhavabhushan_Mitra" title="Bhavabhushan Mitra">Bhavabhushan Mitra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhikaiji_Cama" title="Bhikaiji Cama">Bhikaiji Cama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhupendra_Kumar_Datta" title="Bhupendra Kumar Datta">Bhupendra Kumar Datta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bidhan_Chandra_Roy" title="Bidhan Chandra Roy">Bidhan Chandra Roy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bipin_Chandra_Pal" title="Bipin Chandra Pal">Bipin Chandra Pal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C._Rajagopalachari" title="C. Rajagopalachari">C. Rajagopalachari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandra_Shekhar_Azad" title="Chandra Shekhar Azad">Chandra Shekhar Azad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chetram_Jatav" title="Chetram Jatav">Chetram Jatav</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chittaranjan_Das" title="Chittaranjan Das">Chittaranjan Das</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dadabhai_Naoroji" title="Dadabhai Naoroji">Dadabhai Naoroji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dayananda_Saraswati" title="Dayananda Saraswati">Dayananda Saraswati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhan_Singh" title="Dhan Singh">Dhan Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dukkipati_Nageswara_Rao" title="Dukkipati Nageswara Rao">Dukkipati Nageswara Rao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gopal_Krishna_Gokhale" title="Gopal Krishna Gokhale">Gopal Krishna Gokhale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Govind_Ballabh_Pant" title="Govind Ballabh Pant">Govind Ballabh Pant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Har_Dayal" title="Har Dayal">Har Dayal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hemu_Kalani" title="Hemu Kalani">Hemu Kalani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inayatullah_Khan_Mashriqi" title="Inayatullah Khan Mashriqi">Inayatullah Khan Mashriqi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jatindra_Mohan_Sengupta" title="Jatindra Mohan Sengupta">Jatindra Mohan Sengupta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jatindra_Nath_Das" title="Jatindra Nath Das">Jatindra Nath Das</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jawaharlal_Nehru" title="Jawaharlal Nehru">Jawaharlal Nehru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K._Kamaraj" title="K. Kamaraj">K. Kamaraj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanaiyalal_Maneklal_Munshi" title="Kanaiyalal Maneklal Munshi">Kanaiyalal Maneklal Munshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Ghaffar_Khan" title="Abdul Ghaffar Khan">Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khudiram_Bose" title="Khudiram Bose">Khudiram Bose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shri_Krishna_Sinha" title="Shri Krishna Sinha">Shri Krishna Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lala_Lajpat_Rai" title="Lala Lajpat Rai">Lala Lajpat Rai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M._Bhaktavatsalam" title="M. Bhaktavatsalam">M. Bhaktavatsalam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M._N._Roy" title="M. N. Roy">M. N. Roy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maghfoor_Ahmad_Ajazi" title="Maghfoor Ahmad Ajazi">Maghfoor Ahmad Ajazi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahadaji_Shinde" title="Mahadaji Shinde">Mahadaji Shinde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi" title="Mahatma Gandhi">Mahatma Gandhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mangal_Pandey" title="Mangal Pandey">Mangal Pandey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mir_Qasim" title="Mir Qasim">Mir Qasim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mithuben_Petit" title="Mithuben Petit">Mithuben Petit‎</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Ali_Jauhar" title="Mohammad Ali Jauhar">Mohammad Ali Jauhar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Ali_Jinnah" title="Muhammad Ali Jinnah">Muhammad Ali Jinnah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Mian_Mansoor_Ansari" title="Muhammad Mian Mansoor Ansari">Muhammad Mian Mansoor Ansari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagnath_Naikwadi" title="Nagnath Naikwadi">Nagnath Naikwadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nana_Fadnavis" title="Nana Fadnavis">Nana Fadnavis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nana_Saheb_Peshwa_II" title="Nana Saheb Peshwa II">Nana Saheb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P._Kakkan" title="P. Kakkan">P. Kakkan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prafulla_Chaki" title="Prafulla Chaki">Prafulla Chaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pritilata_Waddedar" title="Pritilata Waddedar">Pritilata Waddedar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purushottam_Das_Tandon" title="Purushottam Das Tandon">Purushottam Das Tandon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rafi_Ahmed_Kidwai" title="Rafi Ahmed Kidwai">Rafi Ahmed Kidwai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramaswamy_Venkataraman" title="Ramaswamy Venkataraman">R. Venkataraman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rahul_Sankrityayan" title="Rahul Sankrityayan">Rahul Sankrityayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajendra_Prasad" title="Rajendra Prasad">Rajendra Prasad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ram_Prasad_Bismil" title="Ram Prasad Bismil">Ram Prasad Bismil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rani_of_Jhansi" title="Rani of Jhansi">Rani Lakshmibai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rash_Behari_Bose" title="Rash Behari Bose">Rash Behari Bose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sahajanand_Saraswati" title="Sahajanand Saraswati">Sahajanand Saraswati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sangolli_Rayanna" title="Sangolli Rayanna">Sangolli Rayanna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarojini_Naidu" title="Sarojini Naidu">Sarojini Naidu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satyapal_Dang" title="Satyapal Dang">Satyapal Dang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shuja-ud-Daula" title="Shuja-ud-Daula">Shuja-ud-Daula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shyamji_Krishna_Varma" title="Shyamji Krishna Varma">Shyamji Krishna Varma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pir_of_Pagaro_VI" title="Pir of Pagaro VI">Sibghatullah Shah Rashidi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siraj_ud-Daulah" class="mw-redirect" title="Siraj ud-Daulah">Siraj ud-Daulah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subhas_Chandra_Bose" title="Subhas Chandra Bose">Subhas Chandra Bose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subramania_Bharati" title="Subramania Bharati">Subramania Bharati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subramaniya_Siva" title="Subramaniya Siva">Subramaniya Siva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surya_Sen" title="Surya Sen">Surya Sen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syama_Prasad_Mukherjee" title="Syama Prasad Mukherjee">Syama Prasad Mukherjee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tara_Rani_Srivastava" title="Tara Rani Srivastava">Tara Rani Srivastava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarak_Nath_Das" title="Tarak Nath Das">Tarak Nath Das</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tatya_Tope" title="Tatya Tope">Tatya Tope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiruppur_Kumaran" title="Tiruppur Kumaran">Tiruppur Kumaran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ubaidullah_Sindhi" title="Ubaidullah Sindhi">Ubaidullah Sindhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V._O._Chidambaram_Pillai" title="V. O. Chidambaram Pillai">V. O. Chidamabaram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V._K._Krishna_Menon" title="V. K. Krishna Menon">V. K. Krishna Menon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vallabhbhai_Patel" title="Vallabhbhai Patel">Vallabhbhai Patel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanchinathan" title="Vanchinathan">Vanchinathan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veeran_Sundaralingam" title="Veeran Sundaralingam">Veeran Sundaralingam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vinayak_Damodar_Savarkar" title="Vinayak Damodar Savarkar">Vinayak Damodar Savarkar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virendranath_Chattopadhyaya" title="Virendranath Chattopadhyaya">Virendranath Chattopadhyaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yashwantrao_Holkar" title="Yashwantrao Holkar">Yashwantrao Holkar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yogendra_Shukla" title="Yogendra Shukla">Yogendra Shukla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Indian_independence_activists" title="Category:Indian independence activists">more</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">British leaders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Archibald_Wavell,_1st_Earl_Wavell" title="Archibald Wavell, 1st Earl Wavell">Wavell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Canning,_1st_Earl_Canning" title="Charles Canning, 1st Earl Canning">Canning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Cornwallis,_1st_Marquess_Cornwallis" title="Charles Cornwallis, 1st Marquess Cornwallis">Cornwallis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Wood,_1st_Earl_of_Halifax" title="Edward Wood, 1st Earl of Halifax">Irwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederic_Thesiger,_1st_Viscount_Chelmsford" title="Frederic Thesiger, 1st Viscount Chelmsford">Chelmsford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Curzon,_1st_Marquess_Curzon_of_Kedleston" title="George Curzon, 1st Marquess Curzon of Kedleston">Curzon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Robinson,_1st_Marquess_of_Ripon" title="George Robinson, 1st Marquess of Ripon">Ripon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilbert_Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound,_1st_Earl_of_Minto" title="Gilbert Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound, 1st Earl of Minto">Minto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Broun-Ramsay,_1st_Marquess_of_Dalhousie" title="James Broun-Ramsay, 1st Marquess of Dalhousie">Dalhousie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord_William_Bentinck" title="Lord William Bentinck">Bentinck</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Mountbatten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Wellesley,_1st_Marquess_Wellesley" title="Richard Wellesley, 1st Marquess Wellesley">Wellesley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Bulwer-Lytton,_1st_Earl_of_Lytton" title="Robert Bulwer-Lytton, 1st Earl of Lytton">Lytton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Clive" title="Robert Clive">Clive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sir_James_Outram,_1st_Baronet" title="Sir James Outram, 1st Baronet">Outram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stafford_Cripps" title="Stafford Cripps">Cripps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Hope,_2nd_Marquess_of_Linlithgow" title="Victor Hope, 2nd Marquess of Linlithgow">Linlithgow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warren_Hastings" title="Warren Hastings">Hastings</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Independence</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1946_Cabinet_Mission_to_India" title="1946 Cabinet Mission to India">Cabinet Mission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_India" title="Constitution of India">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_India_(1947%E2%80%93present)" title="History of India (1947–present)">Republic of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annexation_of_Goa" title="Annexation of Goa">Indian annexation of Goa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Independence_Act_1947" title="Indian Independence Act 1947">Indian Independence Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Partition_of_India" title="Partition of India">Partition of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_integration_of_India" title="Political integration of India">Political integration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simla_Conference" title="Simla Conference">Simla Conference</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Battenberg/Mountbatten_family" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Battenberg_family" title="Template:Battenberg family"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Battenberg_family" title="Template talk:Battenberg family"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Battenberg_family" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Battenberg family"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Battenberg/Mountbatten_family" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Battenberg_family" title="Battenberg family">Battenberg</a>/<a href="/wiki/Mountbatten_family" title="Mountbatten family">Mountbatten</a> family</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div>Generations are numbered by their descent from <a href="/wiki/Prince_Alexander_of_Hesse_and_by_Rhine" title="Prince Alexander of Hesse and by Rhine">Prince Alexander of Hesse and by Rhine</a> and <a href="/wiki/Julia,_Princess_of_Battenberg" title="Julia, Princess of Battenberg">Julia, Princess of Battenberg</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1st generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Marie_of_Battenberg" title="Princess Marie of Battenberg">Marie, Princess of Erbach-Schönberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Louis_of_Battenberg" title="Prince Louis of Battenberg">Louis Mountbatten, 1st Marquess of Milford Haven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_of_Battenberg" title="Alexander of Battenberg">Alexander I, Prince of Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Henry_of_Battenberg" title="Prince Henry of Battenberg">Prince Henry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Francis_Joseph_of_Battenberg" title="Prince Francis Joseph of Battenberg">Prince Francis Joseph</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Arms_of_Battenberg-Mountbatten.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Arms_of_Battenberg-Mountbatten.svg/75px-Arms_of_Battenberg-Mountbatten.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="91" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Arms_of_Battenberg-Mountbatten.svg/113px-Arms_of_Battenberg-Mountbatten.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Arms_of_Battenberg-Mountbatten.svg/150px-Arms_of_Battenberg-Mountbatten.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="313" data-file-height="380" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2nd generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Alice_of_Battenberg" title="Princess Alice of Battenberg">Alice, Princess Andrew of Greece and Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louise_Mountbatten" title="Louise Mountbatten">Louise, Queen of Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Mountbatten,_2nd_Marquess_of_Milford_Haven" title="George Mountbatten, 2nd Marquess of Milford Haven">George Mountbatten, 2nd Marquess of Milford Haven</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Louis Mountbatten, 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Mountbatten,_1st_Marquess_of_Carisbrooke" title="Alexander Mountbatten, 1st Marquess of Carisbrooke">Alexander Mountbatten, 1st Marquess of Carisbrooke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victoria_Eugenie_of_Battenberg" title="Victoria Eugenie of Battenberg">Victoria Eugenie, Queen of Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord_Leopold_Mountbatten" title="Lord Leopold Mountbatten">Lord Leopold Mountbatten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Maurice_of_Battenberg" title="Prince Maurice of Battenberg">Prince Maurice</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">3rd generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Philip,_Duke_of_Edinburgh" title="Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh">Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Mountbatten,_3rd_Marquess_of_Milford_Haven" title="David Mountbatten, 3rd Marquess of Milford Haven">David Mountbatten, 3rd Marquess of Milford Haven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patricia_Knatchbull,_2nd_Countess_Mountbatten_of_Burma" title="Patricia Knatchbull, 2nd Countess Mountbatten of Burma">Patricia Knatchbull, 2nd Countess Mountbatten of Burma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lady_Pamela_Hicks" title="Lady Pamela Hicks">Lady Pamela Hicks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lady_Iris_Mountbatten" title="Lady Iris Mountbatten">Lady Iris Kemp</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">4th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Mountbatten,_4th_Marquess_of_Milford_Haven" title="George Mountbatten, 4th Marquess of Milford Haven">George Mountbatten, 4th Marquess of Milford Haven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord_Ivar_Mountbatten" title="Lord Ivar Mountbatten">Lord Ivar Mountbatten</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">5th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lady_Tatiana_Mountbatten" title="Lady Tatiana Mountbatten">Lady Tatiana Dru</a></li> <li>Henry Mountbatten, Earl of Medina</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div>*Not Mountbatten or Battenberg by birth. Adopted the surname Mountbatten from his maternal line on abandoning his patrilineal Greek and Danish princely titles.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_1966" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:FRS_1966" title="Template:FRS 1966"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:FRS_1966" title="Template talk:FRS 1966"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:FRS_1966" title="Special:EditPage/Template:FRS 1966"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_1966" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Fellow_of_the_Royal_Society" title="Fellow of the Royal Society">Fellows</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Society" title="Royal Society">Royal Society</a> elected <a href="/wiki/List_of_Fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_1966" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1966">in 1966</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fellows</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alan_R._Battersby" title="Alan R. Battersby">Alan R. Battersby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brooke_Benjamin" title="Brooke Benjamin">Brooke Benjamin</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10314190" class="extiw" title="d:Q10314190">Kenneth Budden</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21165622" class="extiw" title="d:Q21165622">Robert Ernest Davies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Doll" title="Richard Doll">Richard Doll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Edwards_(physicist)" title="Sam Edwards (physicist)">Sam Edwards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Samuel_Forrest" title="John Samuel Forrest">John Samuel Forrest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Charles_Fraser" title="Francis Charles Fraser">Francis Charles Fraser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Harris_(geneticist)" title="Harry Harris (geneticist)">Harry Harris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_O._Hebb" title="Donald O. Hebb">Donald O. Hebb</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18528345" class="extiw" title="d:Q18528345">Kenneth Hutchison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alick_Isaacs" title="Alick Isaacs">Alick Isaacs</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21165341" class="extiw" title="d:Q21165341">Basil Kassanis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Kekwick" title="Ralph Kekwick">Ralph Kekwick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Percy_Edward_Kent" title="Percy Edward Kent">Percy Edward Kent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desmond_King-Hele" title="Desmond King-Hele">Desmond King-Hele</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Gerald_William_Knowles" title="Francis Gerald William Knowles">Francis Knowles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georg_Kreisel" title="Georg Kreisel">Georg Kreisel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyril_Lucas" title="Cyril Lucas">Cyril Lucas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Dwyer_McGee" title="James Dwyer McGee">James Dwyer McGee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Menter" title="James Menter">James Menter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Mourant" title="Arthur Mourant">Arthur Mourant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egon_Pearson" title="Egon Pearson">Egon Pearson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Hill_Perkins" title="Donald Hill Perkins">Donald Hill Perkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Pickford_(physiologist)" title="Mary Pickford (physiologist)">Mary Pickford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinz_Otto_Schild" title="Heinz Otto Schild">Heinz Otto Schild</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21165050" class="extiw" title="d:Q21165050">Herbert Muggleton Stanley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruce_Stocker" title="Bruce Stocker">Bruce Stocker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Sutton_(geologist)" title="John Sutton (geologist)">John Sutton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Szwarc" title="Michael Szwarc">Michael Szwarc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Whiffen" title="David Whiffen">David Whiffen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_White_(scientist)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fred White (scientist)">Fred White</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Statute 12</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Louis Mountbatten</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Foreign</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Brachet" title="Jean Brachet">Jean Brachet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haldan_Keffer_Hartline" title="Haldan Keffer Hartline">Haldan Keffer Hartline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_N%C3%A9el" title="Louis Néel">Louis Néel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Weil" title="André Weil">André Weil</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Chair_of_the_NATO_Military_Committee" style=";wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks plainlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Chairmen_of_the_NATO_Military_Committee" title="Template:Chairmen of the NATO Military Committee"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Chairmen_of_the_NATO_Military_Committee" title="Template talk:Chairmen of the NATO Military Committee"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Chairmen_of_the_NATO_Military_Committee" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Chairmen of the NATO Military Committee"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Chair_of_the_NATO_Military_Committee" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Chair_of_the_NATO_Military_Committee" title="Chair of the NATO Military Committee">Chair of the NATO Military Committee</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:left"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 18em;"> <ul><li>1949–1951 <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Omar_Bradley" title="Omar Bradley">Omar Bradley</a></li> <li>1951–1952 <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium"><img alt="Belgium" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Etienne_Baele" title="Etienne Baele">Etienne Baele</a></li> <li>1952–1953 <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada"><img alt="Canada" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Charles_Foulkes_(Canadian_Army_general)" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles Foulkes (Canadian Army general)">Charles Foulkes</a></li> <li>1953–1954 <a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark"><img alt="Denmark" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/20px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/31px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/40px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Erhard_J.C._Qvistgaard" title="Erhard J.C. Qvistgaard">E. J. C. Quistgaard</a></li> <li>1954–1955 <a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Augustin_Guillaume" title="Augustin Guillaume">Augustin Guillaume</a></li> <li>1955–1956 <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece"><img alt="Greece" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/23px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/35px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/45px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Stylianos_Pallis" title="Stylianos Pallis">Stylianos Pallis</a></li> <li>1956–1957 <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy"><img alt="Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Mancinelli_(military)" class="mw-redirect" title="Giuseppe Mancinelli (military)">Giuseppe Mancinelli</a></li> <li>1957–1958 <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands"><img alt="Netherlands" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Ben_Hasselman" title="Ben Hasselman">B. R. P. F. Hasselman</a></li> <li>1958–1959 <a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway"><img alt="Norway" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/21px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/32px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/41px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="372" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Bjarne_%C3%98en" title="Bjarne Øen">Bjarne Øen</a></li> <li>1959–1960 <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal"><img alt="Portugal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/35px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/45px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a> <a href="/wiki/J._A._Beleza_Ferraz" title="J. A. Beleza Ferraz">J. A. Beleza Ferraz</a></li> <li>1960–1960 <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey"><img alt="Turkey" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a> <a href="/wiki/R%C3%BC%C5%9Ft%C3%BC_Erdelhun" title="Rüştü Erdelhun">Rüştü Erdelhun</a></li> <li>1960–1961 <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><img alt="United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Louis Mountbatten</a></li> <li>1961–1962 <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Lyman_Lemnitzer" title="Lyman Lemnitzer">Lyman Lemnitzer</a></li> <li>1962–1963 <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium"><img alt="Belgium" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Charles_Paul_de_Cumont" title="Charles Paul de Cumont">C. P. de Cumont</a></li> <li>1963–1964 <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany"><img alt="Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Heusinger" title="Adolf Heusinger">Adolf Heusinger</a></li> <li>1964–1968 <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium"><img alt="Belgium" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Charles_Paul_de_Cumont" title="Charles Paul de Cumont">C. P. de Cumont</a></li> <li>1968–1971 <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><img alt="United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Nigel_Henderson" title="Nigel Henderson">Nigel Henderson</a></li> <li>1971–1974 <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany"><img alt="Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Steinhoff" title="Johannes Steinhoff">Johannes Steinhoff</a></li> <li>1974–1977 <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><img alt="United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Peter_Hill-Norton" title="Peter Hill-Norton">Peter Hill-Norton</a></li> <li>1977–1980 <a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway"><img alt="Norway" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/21px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/32px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/41px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="372" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Herman_Fredrik_Zeiner-Gundersen" title="Herman Fredrik Zeiner-Gundersen">H. F. Zeiner-Gundersen</a></li> <li>1980–1983 <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada"><img alt="Canada" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Robert_Hilborn_Falls" title="Robert Hilborn Falls">Robert Hilborn Falls</a></li> <li>1983–1986 <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands"><img alt="Netherlands" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Cor_de_Jager" title="Cor de Jager">Cornelis de Jager</a></li> <li>1986–1989 <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany"><img alt="Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Altenburg" title="Wolfgang Altenburg">Wolfgang Altenburg</a></li> <li>1989–1993 <a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway"><img alt="Norway" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/21px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/32px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/41px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="372" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Vigleik_Eide" title="Vigleik Eide">Vigleik Eide</a></li> <li>1993–1996 <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><img alt="United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Richard_Vincent,_Baron_Vincent_of_Coleshill" title="Richard Vincent, Baron Vincent of Coleshill">Richard Vincent</a></li> <li>1996–1999 <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany"><img alt="Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Klaus_Naumann" title="Klaus Naumann">Klaus Naumann</a></li> <li>1999–2002 <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy"><img alt="Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Guido_Venturoni" title="Guido Venturoni">Guido Venturoni</a></li> <li>2002–2005 <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany"><img alt="Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Harald_Kujat" title="Harald Kujat">Harald Kujat</a></li> <li>2005–2008 <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada"><img alt="Canada" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Ray_Henault" title="Ray Henault">Ray Henault</a></li> <li>2008–2011 <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy"><img alt="Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Giampaolo_Di_Paola" title="Giampaolo Di Paola">Giampaolo Di Paola</a></li> <li>2011–2015 <a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark"><img alt="Denmark" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/20px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/31px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/40px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Knud_Bartels" title="Knud Bartels">Knud Bartels</a></li> <li>2015–2018 <a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic"><img alt="Czech Republic" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Petr_Pavel" title="Petr Pavel">Petr Pavel</a></li> <li>2018–2021 <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><img alt="United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Stuart_Peach" title="Stuart Peach">Stuart Peach</a></li> <li>2021–2023 <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands"><img alt="Netherlands" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Rob_Bauer" title="Rob Bauer">Rob Bauer</a></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Provisional_Irish_Republican_Army" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:PIRA" title="Template:PIRA"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:PIRA" title="Template talk:PIRA"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:PIRA" title="Special:EditPage/Template:PIRA"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Provisional_Irish_Republican_Army" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Provisional_Irish_Republican_Army" title="Provisional Irish Republican Army">Provisional Irish Republican Army</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Republican_Army_(1922%E2%80%931969)" title="Irish Republican Army (1922–1969)">Anti-Treaty IRA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinn_F%C3%A9in" title="Sinn Féin">Sinn Féin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republican_News" title="Republican News">Republican News</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/An_Phoblacht" title="An Phoblacht">An Phoblacht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Green_Book_(IRA)" title="The Green Book (IRA)">The Green Book</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Troubles" title="The Troubles">The Troubles</a> (<a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Troubles" title="Timeline of the Troubles">Timeline</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arms_Crisis" title="Arms Crisis">Haughey arms crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provisional_Irish_Republican_Army_campaign" title="Provisional Irish Republican Army campaign">IRA campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chronology_of_Provisional_IRA_actions" class="mw-redirect" title="Chronology of Provisional IRA actions">Chronology of Provisional IRA actions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provisional_Irish_Republican_Army_arms_importation" title="Provisional Irish Republican Army arms importation">Arms importation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_weapons_used_by_the_Provisional_Irish_Republican_Army" title="List of weapons used by the Provisional Irish Republican Army">Weaponry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barrack_buster" title="Barrack buster">Barrack buster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Improvised_tactical_vehicles_of_the_Provisional_IRA" title="Improvised tactical vehicles of the Provisional IRA">Improvised tactical vehicles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountjoy_Prison_helicopter_escape" title="Mountjoy Prison helicopter escape">Mountjoy Prison helicopter escape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blanket_protest" title="Blanket protest">Blanket protest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dirty_protest" title="Dirty protest">Dirty protest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HM_Prison_Maze" title="HM Prison Maze">HM Prison Maze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti_H-Block" title="Anti H-Block">Anti H-Block</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1981_Irish_hunger_strike" title="1981 Irish hunger strike">1981 Irish hunger strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maze_Prison_escape" title="Maze Prison escape">Maze Prison escape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armalite_and_ballot_box_strategy" title="Armalite and ballot box strategy">Armalite and ballot box strategy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paramilitary_punishment_attacks_in_Northern_Ireland" title="Paramilitary punishment attacks in Northern Ireland">Punishment attacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disappeared_(Northern_Ireland)" title="Disappeared (Northern Ireland)">Disappeared</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smithwick_Tribunal" title="Smithwick Tribunal">Smithwick Tribunal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland_peace_process" title="Northern Ireland peace process">Northern Ireland peace process</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Good_Friday_Agreement" title="Good Friday Agreement">Good Friday Agreement</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organisation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chief_of_Staff_of_the_Irish_Republican_Army" title="Chief of Staff of the Irish Republican Army">Chief of Staff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IRA_Army_Council" title="IRA Army Council">IRA Army Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IRA_Northern_Command" title="IRA Northern Command">IRA Northern Command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IRA_Southern_Command" title="IRA Southern Command">IRA Southern Command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internal_Security_Unit" title="Internal Security Unit">Internal Security Unit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Active_service_unit" title="Active service unit">Active service unit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provisional_IRA_Belfast_Brigade" title="Provisional IRA Belfast Brigade">Belfast Brigade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provisional_IRA_Derry_Brigade" title="Provisional IRA Derry Brigade">Derry Brigade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provisional_IRA_South_Armagh_Brigade" title="Provisional IRA South Armagh Brigade">South Armagh Brigade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provisional_IRA_East_Tyrone_Brigade" title="Provisional IRA East Tyrone Brigade">East Tyrone Brigade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balcombe_Street_Gang" title="Balcombe Street Gang">Balcombe Street Gang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_chronologies_of_Provisional_Irish_Republican_Army_actions" title="List of chronologies of Provisional Irish Republican Army actions">Actions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Chronology_of_Provisional_Irish_Republican_Army_actions_(1970%E2%80%931979)" title="Chronology of Provisional Irish Republican Army actions (1970–1979)">1970–1979</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_St_Matthew%27s" title="Battle of St Matthew's">Battle of St Matthew's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falls_Curfew" title="Falls Curfew">Falls Curfew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1970_Crossmaglen_bombing" title="1970 Crossmaglen bombing">1970 Crossmaglen bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1971_Scottish_soldiers%27_killings" title="1971 Scottish soldiers' killings">Scottish soldiers' killings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Lion_Pub_bombing" title="Red Lion Pub bombing">Red Lion bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1971_Balmoral_Furniture_Company_bombing" title="1971 Balmoral Furniture Company bombing">Balmoral showroom bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abercorn_Restaurant_bombing" title="Abercorn Restaurant bombing">Abercorn bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donegall_Street_bombing" title="Donegall Street bombing">Donegall Street bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_at_Springmartin" title="Battle at Springmartin">Battle at Springmartin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lenadoon" title="Battle of Lenadoon">Battle of Lenadoon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bloody_Friday_(1972)" title="Bloody Friday (1972)">Bloody Friday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claudy_bombing" title="Claudy bombing">Claudy bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newry_customs_bombing" title="Newry customs bombing">Newry customs bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1973_Old_Bailey_bombing" title="1973 Old Bailey bombing">Old Bailey bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provisional_IRA_Honey_Trap_killings" title="Provisional IRA Honey Trap killings">Honey Trap killings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombings_of_King%27s_Cross_and_Euston_stations" title="Bombings of King's Cross and Euston stations">King's Cross & Euston bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1973_Coleraine_bombings" title="1973 Coleraine bombings">Coleraine bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1973_Westminster_bombing" title="1973 Westminster bombing">1973 Westminster bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M62_coach_bombing" title="M62 coach bombing">M62 bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attack_on_UDR_Clogher_barracks" title="Attack on UDR Clogher barracks">Clogher attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1974_Houses_of_Parliament_bombing" title="1974 Houses of Parliament bombing">Houses of Parliament bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1974_Tower_of_London_bombing" title="1974 Tower of London bombing">Tower of London bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guildford_pub_bombings" title="Guildford pub bombings">Guildford pub bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harrow_School_bombing" class="mw-redirect" title="Harrow School bombing">Harrow School bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brooks%27s_Club_bombing" class="mw-redirect" title="Brooks's Club bombing">Brooks's Club bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woolwich_pub_bombing" title="Woolwich pub bombing">Woolwich pub bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1974_British_Airways_bombing_attempt" title="1974 British Airways bombing attempt">British Airways bombing attempt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birmingham_pub_bombings" title="Birmingham pub bombings">Birmingham pub bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1974_London_pillar_box_bombings" title="1974 London pillar box bombings">London pillar box bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talbot_Arms_pub_bombing" title="Talbot Arms pub bombing">Talbot Arms bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1974_Bristol_bombing" title="1974 Bristol bombing">Bristol bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telephone_exchange_bombings" class="mw-redirect" title="Telephone exchange bombings">Telephone exchange bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1974_Oxford_Street_bombing" class="mw-redirect" title="1974 Oxford Street bombing">1974 Oxford Street bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlton_Tower_and_Portman_Hotel_shootings" title="Carlton Tower and Portman Hotel shootings">Carlton Tower & Portman Hotel shootings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountainview_Tavern_attack" title="Mountainview Tavern attack">Mountainview attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayardo_Bar_attack" title="Bayardo Bar attack">Bayardo Bar attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forkhill_land_mine_attack" class="mw-redirect" title="Forkhill land mine attack">Forkhill attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caterham_Arms_pub_bombing" title="Caterham Arms pub bombing">Caterham Arms bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tullyvallen_massacre" title="Tullyvallen massacre">Tullyvallen massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Hilton_bombing" title="London Hilton bombing">London Hilton bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1975_Piccadilly_bombing" title="1975 Piccadilly bombing">Piccadilly bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trattoria_Fiore_bombing" class="mw-redirect" title="Trattoria Fiore bombing">Trattoria Fiore bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scott%27s_Oyster_Bar_bombing" class="mw-redirect" title="Scott's Oyster Bar bombing">Scott's Oyster Bar bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walton%27s_Restaurant_bombing" title="Walton's Restaurant bombing">Walton's Restaurant bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drummuckavall_ambush" title="Drummuckavall ambush">Drummuckavall ambush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balcombe_Street_siege" title="Balcombe Street siege">Balcombe Street siege</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingsmill_massacre" title="Kingsmill massacre">Kingsmill massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Ham_station_attack" title="West Ham station attack">West Ham station attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1976_Olympia_bombing" title="1976 Olympia bombing">Olympia bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Store_Bar_shooting" title="The Store Bar shooting">Store bar shooting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stag_Inn_attack" title="Stag Inn attack">Stag Inn attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garryhinch_ambush" title="Garryhinch ambush">Garryhinch ambush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1978_British_Army_Gazelle_downing" title="1978 British Army Gazelle downing">Jonesborough Gazelle downing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Mon_restaurant_bombing" title="La Mon restaurant bombing">La Mon restaurant bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1978_Crossmaglen_ambush" class="mw-redirect" title="1978 Crossmaglen ambush">Crossmaglen ambush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warrenpoint_ambush" title="Warrenpoint ambush">Warrenpoint ambush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1979_Brussels_bombing" title="1979 Brussels bombing">Brussels bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dungannon_land_mine_attack" title="Dungannon land mine attack">Dungannon attack</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Chronology_of_Provisional_Irish_Republican_Army_actions_(1980%E2%80%931989)" title="Chronology of Provisional Irish Republican Army actions (1980–1989)">1980–1989</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dunmurry_train_bombing" title="Dunmurry train bombing">Dunmurry train bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attacks_on_shipping_in_Lough_Foyle_(1981%E2%80%9382)" title="Attacks on shipping in Lough Foyle (1981–82)">Lough Foyle attacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glasdrumman_ambush" title="Glasdrumman ambush">Glasdrumman ambush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bessbrook_landmine_attack" class="mw-redirect" title="Bessbrook landmine attack">1981 Bessbrook attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chelsea_Barracks_bombing" title="Chelsea Barracks bombing">Chelsea Barracks bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyde_Park_and_Regent%27s_Park_bombings" title="Hyde Park and Regent's Park bombings">Hyde Park & Regent's Park bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harrods_bombing" class="mw-redirect" title="Harrods bombing">Harrods bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1983_Royal_Artillery_Barracks_bombing" class="mw-redirect" title="1983 Royal Artillery Barracks bombing">Royal Artillery Barracks bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brighton_hotel_bombing" title="Brighton hotel bombing">Brighton hotel bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ballygawley_land_mine_attack" title="Ballygawley land mine attack">Ballygawley land mine attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1985_Newry_mortar_attack" title="1985 Newry mortar attack">Newry mortar attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attack_on_Ballygawley_barracks" title="Attack on Ballygawley barracks">Ballygawley attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mortar_attack_on_Enniskillen_barracks" class="mw-redirect" title="Mortar attack on Enniskillen barracks">Enniskillen mortar attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attack_on_RUC_Birches_barracks" title="Attack on RUC Birches barracks">RUC Birches barracks attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1987_Rheindahlen_bombing" title="1987 Rheindahlen bombing">Rheindahlen bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loughgall_ambush" title="Loughgall ambush">Loughgall ambush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Flavius" title="Operation Flavius">Operation Flavius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corporals_killings" title="Corporals killings">Corporals killings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lisburn_van_bombing" title="Lisburn van bombing">Lisburn bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1988_British_Army_Lynx_shootdown" title="1988 British Army Lynx shootdown">Aughanduff Lynx shootdown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1988_IRA_attacks_in_the_Netherlands" title="1988 IRA attacks in the Netherlands">1988 Netherlands attacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glamorgan_barracks_bombing" title="Glamorgan barracks bombing">Glamorgan barracks bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inglis_Barracks_bombing" class="mw-redirect" title="Inglis Barracks bombing">Inglis Barracks bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ballygawley_bus_bombing" title="Ballygawley bus bombing">Ballygawley bus bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1989_Jonesborough_ambush" title="1989 Jonesborough ambush">Jonesborough ambush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clive_Barracks_bombing" class="mw-redirect" title="Clive Barracks bombing">Clive Barracks bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deal_barracks_bombing" title="Deal barracks bombing">Deal barracks bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayobridge_landmine_attack" class="mw-redirect" title="Mayobridge landmine attack">Mayobridge attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attack_on_Derryard_checkpoint" title="Attack on Derryard checkpoint">Derryard attack</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"> <a href="/wiki/Chronology_of_Provisional_Irish_Republican_Army_actions_(1990%E2%80%931991)" title="Chronology of Provisional Irish Republican Army actions (1990–1991)">1990–1991</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1990_British_Army_Gazelle_shootdown" title="1990 British Army Gazelle shootdown">Derrygorry Gazelle downing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Armagh_Sniper_(1990%E2%80%931997)" title="South Armagh Sniper (1990–1997)">South Armagh sniper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990_Downpatrick_roadside_bomb" class="mw-redirect" title="1990 Downpatrick roadside bomb">Downpatrick roadside bomb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Conservation" title="Operation Conservation">Operation Conservation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990_Wembley_bombing" title="1990 Wembley bombing">1990 Wembley bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlton_Club_bombing" title="Carlton Club bombing">Carlton Club bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Stock_Exchange_bombing" title="London Stock Exchange bombing">London Stock Exchange bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honourable_Artillery_Company_bombing" class="mw-redirect" title="Honourable Artillery Company bombing">Honourable Artillery Company bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lichfield_gun_attack" title="Lichfield gun attack">Lichfield gun attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RFA_Fort_Victoria_bombing" title="RFA Fort Victoria bombing">RFA Fort Victoria bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proxy_bomb" title="Proxy bomb">Proxy bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Downing_Street_mortar_attack" title="Downing Street mortar attack">Downing Street mortar attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombings_of_Paddington_and_Victoria_stations" title="Bombings of Paddington and Victoria stations">Paddington & Victoria station bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mullacreevie_ambush" title="Mullacreevie ambush">Mullacreevie ambush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glenanne_barracks_bombing" title="Glenanne barracks bombing">Glenanne barracks bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coagh_ambush" title="Coagh ambush">Coagh ambush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musgrave_Park_Hospital_bombing" title="Musgrave Park Hospital bombing">Musgrave Park Hospital bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crumlin_Road_Prison_bombing" class="mw-redirect" title="Crumlin Road Prison bombing">Crumlin Road Prison bombing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Chronology_of_Provisional_Irish_Republican_Army_actions_(1992%E2%80%931999)" title="Chronology of Provisional Irish Republican Army actions (1992–1999)">1992–1997</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Teebane_bombing" title="Teebane bombing">Teebane bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clonoe_ambush" title="Clonoe ambush">Clonoe ambush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_London_Bridge_bombing" title="1992 London Bridge bombing">London Bridge bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_Staples_Corner_bombing" title="1992 Staples Corner bombing">Staples Cnr bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baltic_Exchange_bombing" title="Baltic Exchange bombing">Baltic Exchange bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sussex_Arms_pub_bombing" title="Sussex Arms pub bombing">Sussex Arms bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attack_on_Cloghoge_checkpoint" title="Attack on Cloghoge checkpoint">Cloghoge attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_Coalisland_riots" title="1992 Coalisland riots">Coalisland riots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forensic_Science_Laboratory_bombing" title="Forensic Science Laboratory bombing">Forensic Science Laboratory bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stoke_Newington_Road_lorry_bomb" title="Stoke Newington Road lorry bomb">Stoke Newington Road bomb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_Manchester_bombing" title="1992 Manchester bombing">1992 Manchester bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Night_of_the_Long_Knives_(1992)" class="mw-redirect" title="Night of the Long Knives (1992)">Night of the Long Knives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1993_Harrods_bombing" title="1993 Harrods bombing">1993 Harrods bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warrington_bombings" title="Warrington bombings">Warrington bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_Cullaville" title="Occupation of Cullaville">Cullaville occupation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1993_Camden_Town_bombing" title="1993 Camden Town bombing">Camden bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1993_Bishopsgate_bombing" title="1993 Bishopsgate bombing">Bishopsgate bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1993_Finchley_Road_bombings" title="1993 Finchley Road bombings">Finchley Road bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Newry_Road" title="Battle of Newry Road">Battle of Newry Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shankill_Road_bombing" title="Shankill Road bombing">Shankill Road bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1993_Fivemiletown_ambush" title="1993 Fivemiletown ambush">1993 Fivemiletown ambush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heathrow_mortar_attacks" title="Heathrow mortar attacks">Heathrow attacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1994_British_Army_Lynx_shootdown" title="1994 British Army Lynx shootdown">Crossmaglen Lynx downing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drumcree_conflict" title="Drumcree conflict">Drumcree conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1996_Docklands_bombing" title="1996 Docklands bombing">Docklands bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aldwych_bus_bombing" title="Aldwych bus bombing">Aldwych bus bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1996_Manchester_bombing" title="1996 Manchester bombing">1996 Manchester bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1996_Hammersmith_Bridge_bombing" class="mw-redirect" title="1996 Hammersmith Bridge bombing">Hammersmith Bridge bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osnabr%C3%BCck_mortar_attack" title="Osnabrück mortar attack">Osnabrück mortar attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thiepval_barracks_bombing" title="Thiepval barracks bombing">Thiepval barracks bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1997_Coalisland_attack" title="1997 Coalisland attack">Coalisland attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1997_Northern_Ireland_riots" title="1997 Northern Ireland riots">1997 Northern Ireland riots</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_Irish_Republican_Army" title="List of members of the Irish Republican Army">Personalities</a> <a href="/wiki/Volunteer_(Irish_republican)" title="Volunteer (Irish republican)">(Volunteers)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paddy_Agnew_(Irish_republican)" title="Paddy Agnew (Irish republican)">Paddy Agnew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martina_Anderson" title="Martina Anderson">Martina Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Declan_Arthurs" title="Declan Arthurs">Declan Arthurs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Begley" title="Thomas Begley">Thomas Begley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivor_Bell" title="Ivor Bell">Ivor Bell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patricia_Black_(Irish_republican)" title="Patricia Black (Irish republican)">Patricia Black</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Breslin" title="Charles Breslin">Charles Breslin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Butler_(Irish_republican)" title="Edward Butler (Irish republican)">Edward Butler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Butler_(politician)" title="Paul Butler (politician)">Paul Butler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Cahill" title="Joe Cahill">Joe Cahill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liam_Campbell" title="Liam Campbell">Liam Campbell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fergal_Caraher" title="Fergal Caraher">Fergal Caraher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malachy_Carey" title="Malachy Carey">Malachy Carey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Owen_Carron" title="Owen Carron">Owen Carron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerard_Casey_(Irish_republican)" title="Gerard Casey (Irish republican)">Gerard Casey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Car%C3%A1l_N%C3%AD_Chuil%C3%ADn" title="Carál Ní Chuilín">Carál Ní Chuilín</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Cleary" title="Gabriel Cleary">Gabriel Cleary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Cleary" title="Peter Cleary">Peter Cleary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kevin_Coen" title="Kevin Coen">Kevin Coen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eamon_Collins" title="Eamon Collins">Eamon Collins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eddie_Copeland" title="Eddie Copeland">Eddie Copeland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marion_Coyle" title="Marion Coyle">Marion Coyle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerard_Davison" title="Gerard Davison">Gerard Davison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matt_Devlin_(Irish_republican)" title="Matt Devlin (Irish republican)">Matt Devlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Doherty_(Irish_republican)" title="Hugh Doherty (Irish republican)">Hugh Doherty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Doherty" title="Joe Doherty">Joe Doherty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kieran_Doherty_(hunger_striker)" title="Kieran Doherty (hunger striker)">Kieran Doherty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Doherty_(Irish_republican)" title="Martin Doherty (Irish republican)">Martin Doherty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pat_Doherty_(Northern_Ireland_politician)" title="Pat Doherty (Northern Ireland politician)">Pat Doherty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colin_Duffy" title="Colin Duffy">Colin Duffy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rose_Dugdale" title="Rose Dugdale">Rose Dugdale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dessie_Ellis" title="Dessie Ellis">Dessie Ellis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mair%C3%A9ad_Farrell" title="Mairéad Farrell">Mairéad Farrell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Fleming_(Irish_republican)" title="William Fleming (Irish republican)">William Fleming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kieran_Fleming" title="Kieran Fleming">Kieran Fleming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Fox_(Irish_republican)" title="Bernard Fox (Irish republican)">Bernard Fox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angelo_Fusco" title="Angelo Fusco">Angelo Fusco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Gaughan_(Irish_republican)" title="Michael Gaughan (Irish republican)">Michael Gaughan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Francis_Green" title="John Francis Green">John Francis Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dessie_Grew" title="Dessie Grew">Dessie Grew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Harrison_(Irish_republican)" title="George Harrison (Irish republican)">George Harrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brendan_Hughes" title="Brendan Hughes">Brendan Hughes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Hughes" title="Francis Hughes">Francis Hughes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Hurson" title="Martin Hurson">Martin Hurson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pearse_Jordan" title="Pearse Jordan">Pearse Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brian_Keenan_(Irish_republican)" title="Brian Keenan (Irish republican)">Brian Keenan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerry_Kelly" title="Gerry Kelly">Gerry Kelly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Kelly_(Sinn_F%C3%A9in_politician)" title="John Kelly (Sinn Féin politician)">John Kelly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Joseph_Kelly" title="Patrick Joseph Kelly">Patrick Joseph Kelly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sean_Kelly_(Irish_republican)" title="Sean Kelly (Irish republican)">Sean Kelly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Lynagh" title="Jim Lynagh">Jim Lynagh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proinsias_Mac_Airt" title="Proinsias Mac Airt">Proinsias Mac Airt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breand%C3%A1n_Mac_Cionnaith" title="Breandán Mac Cionnaith">Breandán Mac Cionnaith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoine_Mac_Giolla_Bhrighde" title="Antoine Mac Giolla Bhrighde">Antoine Mac Giolla Bhrighde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_MacManus" title="Joseph MacManus">Joseph MacManus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Se%C3%A1n_Mac_St%C3%ADof%C3%A1in" title="Seán Mac Stíofáin">Seán Mac Stíofáin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Magee_(Irish_republican)" title="Patrick Magee (Irish republican)">Patrick Magee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Magee" title="Paul Magee">Paul Magee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donna_Maguire" title="Donna Maguire">Donna Maguire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larry_Marley" title="Larry Marley">Larry Marley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Marlowe_(Irish_republican)" title="Paul Marlowe (Irish republican)">Paul Marlowe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leo_Martin_(Irish_republican)" title="Leo Martin (Irish republican)">Leo Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alex_Maskey" title="Alex Maskey">Alex Maskey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pearse_McAuley" title="Pearse McAuley">Pearse McAuley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_McCann" title="Daniel McCann">Daniel McCann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fra_McCann" title="Fra McCann">Fra McCann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jennifer_McCann" title="Jennifer McCann">Jennifer McCann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raymond_McCartney" title="Raymond McCartney">Raymond McCartney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_McCaughey" title="Martin McCaughey">Martin McCaughey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raymond_McCreesh" title="Raymond McCreesh">Raymond McCreesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_McDonnell_(hunger_striker)" title="Joe McDonnell (hunger striker)">Joe McDonnell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9amus_McElwaine" class="mw-redirect" title="Séamus McElwaine">Séamus McElwaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_McElwee" title="Thomas McElwee">Thomas McElwee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brendan_McFarlane" title="Brendan McFarlane">Brendan McFarlane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_McFeely" title="Tom McFeely">Tom McFeely</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerry_McGeough" title="Gerry McGeough">Gerry McGeough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pat_McGeown" title="Pat McGeown">Pat McGeown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Joe_McGirl" title="John Joe McGirl">John Joe McGirl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_McGuinness" title="Martin McGuinness">Martin McGuinness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A1draig_McKearney" title="Pádraig McKearney">Pádraig McKearney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tommy_McKearney" title="Tommy McKearney">Tommy McKearney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billy_McKee" title="Billy McKee">Billy McKee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kevin_McKenna_(Irish_republican)" title="Kevin McKenna (Irish republican)">Kevin McKenna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laurence_McKeown" title="Laurence McKeown">Laurence McKeown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_McKevitt" title="Michael McKevitt">Michael McKevitt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_McMahon_(Irish_republican)" title="Thomas McMahon (Irish republican)">Thomas McMahon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jackie_McMullan" title="Jackie McMullan">Jackie McMullan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Meehan_(Irish_republican)" title="Martin Meehan (Irish republican)">Martin Meehan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ian_Milne" title="Ian Milne">Ian Milne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Morgan_(Irish_politician)" title="Arthur Morgan (Irish politician)">Arthur Morgan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danny_Morrison_(Irish_republican)" title="Danny Morrison (Irish republican)">Danny Morrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conor_Murphy" title="Conor Murphy">Conor Murphy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Murphy_(Irish_republican)" title="Thomas Murphy (Irish republican)">Thomas "Slab" Murphy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kieran_Nugent" title="Kieran Nugent">Kieran Nugent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruair%C3%AD_%C3%93_Br%C3%A1daigh" title="Ruairí Ó Brádaigh">Ruairí Ó Brádaigh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_O%27Brien_(Irish_republican)" title="Edward O'Brien (Irish republican)">Ed O'Brien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%A1ith%C3%AD_%C3%93_Conaill" title="Dáithí Ó Conaill">Dáithí Ó Conaill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89amonn_O%27Doherty_(Irish_republican)" title="Éamonn O'Doherty (Irish republican)">Éamonn O'Doherty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_B._O%27Hagan" title="Joe B. O'Hagan">Joe B. O'Hagan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siobh%C3%A1n_O%27Hanlon" title="Siobhán O'Hanlon">Siobhán O'Hanlon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rita_O%27Hare" title="Rita O'Hare">Rita O'Hare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diarmuid_O%27Neill" title="Diarmuid O'Neill">Diarmuid O'Neill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolours_Price" title="Dolours Price">Dolours Price</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marian_Price" title="Marian Price">Marian Price</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liam_Quinn" title="Liam Quinn">Liam Quinn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paddy_Quinn_(Irish_republican)" title="Paddy Quinn (Irish republican)">Paddy Quinn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billy_Reid_(Irish_republican)" title="Billy Reid (Irish republican)">Billy Reid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bobby_Sands" title="Bobby Sands">Bobby Sands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Se%C3%A1n_Savage" title="Seán Savage">Seán Savage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pat_Sheehan_(Irish_republican)" title="Pat Sheehan (Irish republican)">Pat Sheehan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Stagg_(Irish_republican)" title="Frank Stagg (Irish republican)">Frank Stagg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Steele_(Irish_republican)" title="Jimmy Steele (Irish republican)">Jimmy Steele</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bobby_Storey" title="Bobby Storey">Bobby Storey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerard_Tuite" title="Gerard Tuite">Gerard Tuite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seamus_Twomey" title="Seamus Twomey">Seamus Twomey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roy_Walsh" title="Roy Walsh">Roy Walsh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9anna_Walsh" title="Séanna Walsh">Séanna Walsh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Espionage and <a href="/wiki/Supergrass_(informant)" title="Supergrass (informant)">Supergrasses</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eamon_Collins" title="Eamon Collins">Eamon Collins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denis_Donaldson" title="Denis Donaldson">Denis Donaldson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Fenton" title="Joseph Fenton">Joseph Fenton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kevin_Fulton" title="Kevin Fulton">Kevin Fulton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raymond_Gilmour" title="Raymond Gilmour">Raymond Gilmour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_McGartland" title="Martin McGartland">Martin McGartland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sean_O%27Callaghan" title="Sean O'Callaghan">Sean O'Callaghan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freddie_Scappaticci" title="Freddie Scappaticci">Freddie Scappaticci</a> (allegedly "<a href="/wiki/Stakeknife" class="mw-redirect" title="Stakeknife">Stakeknife</a>")</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Associates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cumann_na_mBan" title="Cumann na mBan">Cumann na mBan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fianna_%C3%89ireann" title="Fianna Éireann">Fianna Éireann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Armagh_Republican_Action_Force" title="South Armagh Republican Action Force">South Armagh Republican Action Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Direct_Action_Against_Drugs" title="Direct Action Against Drugs">Direct Action Against Drugs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NORAID" title="NORAID">NORAID</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clan_na_Gael" title="Clan na Gael">Clan na Gael</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Troops_Out_Movement" title="Troops Out Movement">Troops Out Movement</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Derivatives</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Continuity_Irish_Republican_Army" title="Continuity Irish Republican Army">Continuity Irish Republican Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Real_Irish_Republican_Army" title="Real Irish Republican Army">Real Irish Republican Army</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Prominent killings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jeffery_Agate" title="Jeffery Agate">Jeffery Stanford Agate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Tim_Parry_Johnathan_Ball_Foundation_for_Peace" title="The Tim Parry Johnathan Ball Foundation for Peace">Johnathan Ball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Berry" title="Anthony Berry">Anthony Berry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Bradford_(Northern_Irish_politician)" title="Robert Bradford (Northern Irish politician)">Robert Bradford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Bratty" title="Joe Bratty">Joe Bratty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_Matthew_Burns" title="Murder of Matthew Burns">Matthew Burns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Cahill" title="Martin Cahill">Martin Cahill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eamon_Collins" title="Eamon Collins">Eamon Collins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raymond_Elder" title="Raymond Elder">Raymond Elder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerard_Evans" title="Gerard Evans">Gerard Evans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Ewart-Biggs" title="Christopher Ewart-Biggs">Christopher Ewart-Biggs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Fenton" title="Joseph Fenton">Joseph Fenton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billy_Fox_(politician)" title="Billy Fox (politician)">Billy Fox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Gibson" title="Maurice Gibson">Maurice Gibson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ian_Gow" title="Ian Gow">Ian Gow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Heidi_Hazell" title="Killing of Heidi Hazell">Heidi Hazell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Kaberry,_Baron_Kaberry_of_Adel" title="Donald Kaberry, Baron Kaberry of Adel">Donald Kaberry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_Andrew_Kearney" title="Murder of Andrew Kearney">Andrew Kearney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doreen_Knatchbull,_Baroness_Brabourne" title="Doreen Knatchbull, Baroness Brabourne">Baroness Brabourne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Marchant_(loyalist)" title="William Marchant (loyalist)">William "Frenchie" Marchant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_McBirney" title="Martin McBirney">Martin McBirney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Jerry_McCabe" title="Killing of Jerry McCabe">Jerry McCabe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_McConnell_(loyalist)" title="Robert McConnell (loyalist)">Robert McConnell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_Jean_McConville" title="Murder of Jean McConville">Jean McConville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columba_McVeigh" title="Columba McVeigh">Columba McVeigh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ross_McWhirter" title="Ross McWhirter">Ross McWhirter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killings_of_Nick_Spanos_and_Stephen_Melrose" title="Killings of Nick Spanos and Stephen Melrose">Stephen Melrose</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Lord Mountbatten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lenny_Murphy" title="Lenny Murphy">Lenny Murphy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Nairac" title="Robert Nairac">Robert Nairac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_Thomas_Oliver" title="Murder of Thomas Oliver">Thomas Oliver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Tim_Parry_Johnathan_Ball_Foundation_for_Peace" title="The Tim Parry Johnathan Ball Foundation for Peace">Tim Parry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_Paul_Quinn" title="Murder of Paul Quinn">Paul Quinn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Seymour_(loyalist)" title="Robert Seymour (loyalist)">Robert Seymour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_Robert_McCartney" title="Murder of Robert McCartney">Robert McCartney</a> (allegedly)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_Joseph_Rafferty" title="Murder of Joseph Rafferty">Joseph Rafferty</a> (allegedly)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ray_Smallwoods" title="Ray Smallwoods">Ray Smallwoods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sammy_Smyth_(loyalist)" title="Sammy Smyth (loyalist)">Sammy Smyth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killings_of_Nick_Spanos_and_Stephen_Melrose" title="Killings of Nick Spanos and Stephen Melrose">Nick Spanos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Stronge_(Mid-Armagh_MP)" title="James Stronge (Mid-Armagh MP)">James Stronge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_Stronge" title="Norman Stronge">Norman Stronge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Sykes_(diplomat)" title="Richard Sykes (diplomat)">Richard Sykes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_Stephen_Tibble" title="Murder of Stephen Tibble">Stephen Tibble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sammy_Ward" title="Sammy Ward">Sammy Ward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Willetts" title="Michael Willetts">Michael Willetts</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q157068#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q157068#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q157068#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000110605263">ISNI</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/46765217">VIAF</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/47322/">FAST</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJw4CmghpBQMtD77kjrTHC">WorldCat</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118584561">Germany</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n79145174">United States</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11917073z">France</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11917073z">BnF data</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35218512">Australia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p06958124X">Netherlands</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90183538">Norway</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/nl023tm64zf22w0">Sweden</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810551434405606">Poland</a></li><li><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=495/372517">Vatican</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007265501605171">Israel</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058614553706706">Catalonia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.kbr.be/LIBRARY/doc/AUTHORITY/14016455">Belgium</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA05872912?l=en">CiNii</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/869985">Trove</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd118584561.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/118584561">DDB</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/027040879">IdRef</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10582128">NARA</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lord_Mountbatten&oldid=1259126974">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lord_Mountbatten&oldid=1259126974</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Lord_Mountbatten" title="Category:Lord Mountbatten">Lord Mountbatten</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1900_births" title="Category:1900 births">1900 births</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1979_deaths" title="Category:1979 deaths">1979 deaths</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1940s_in_British_India" title="Category:1940s in British India">1940s in British India</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1979_murders_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Category:1979 murders in the Republic of Ireland">1979 murders in the Republic of Ireland</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Alumni_of_Christ%27s_College,_Cambridge" title="Category:Alumni of Christ's College, Cambridge">Alumni of Christ's College, Cambridge</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Assassinated_British_politicians" title="Category:Assassinated British politicians">Assassinated British politicians</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Assassinated_military_personnel" title="Category:Assassinated military personnel">Assassinated military personnel</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Assassinated_royalty" title="Category:Assassinated royalty">Assassinated royalty</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Battenberg_family" title="Category:Battenberg family">Battenberg family</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:British_Empire_in_World_War_II" title="Category:British Empire in World War II">British Empire in World War II</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:British_people_murdered_abroad" title="Category:British people murdered abroad">British people murdered abroad</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:British_terrorism_victims" title="Category:British terrorism victims">British terrorism victims</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Burma_in_World_War_II" title="Category:Burma in World War II">Burma in World War 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