CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciIHdpZHRoPSIzMiIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzMiIgZmlsbD0ibm9uZSI+PHBhdGggZmlsbD0iI0IyMEYwMyIgZD0iTTE2IDNhMTMgMTMgMCAxIDAgMTMgMTNBMTMuMDE1IDEzLjAxNSAwIDAgMCAxNiAzbTAgMjRhMTEgMTEgMCAxIDEgMTEtMTEgMTEuMDEgMTEuMDEgMCAwIDEtMTEgMTEiLz48cGF0aCBmaWxsPSIjQjIwRjAzIiBkPSJNMTcuMDM4IDE4LjYxNUgxNC44N0wxNC41NjMgOS41aDIuNzgzem0tMS4wODQgMS40MjdxLjY2IDAgMS4wNTcuMzg4LjQwNy4zODkuNDA3Ljk5NCAwIC41OTYtLjQwNy45ODQtLjM5Ny4zOS0xLjA1Ny4zODktLjY1IDAtMS4wNTYtLjM4OS0uMzk4LS4zODktLjM5OC0uOTg0IDAtLjU5Ny4zOTgtLjk4NS40MDYtLjM5NyAxLjA1Ni0uMzk3Ii8+PC9zdmc+);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="390"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'managed',cRay: '91e8891cedf5cdf2',cH: '8dEZv7UKdGopW1Aa2Ec1JGKsdDQvRNvSPvvQ9abSPuw-1741669723-1.2.1.1-eU1PiDJL3pqn0imTmaMUcmmD2s5_26nEB00LzA5Q.sbEFVGoBluCNM8rO_XutEBO',cUPMDTk: "\/search?q=Rainfall%20%E2%80%93%20Runoff.&__cf_chl_tk=ix_fWri00U_gIrRyN3tWIlmes89t6YR5MBxunNbQHv4-1741669723-1.0.1.1-CRD2LktPlDm_j.90IsllIiuVgRxGZrt7LLdZOTNhIOU",cFPWv: 'g',cITimeS: '1741669723',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '390000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/search?q=Rainfall%20%E2%80%93%20Runoff.&__cf_chl_f_tk=ix_fWri00U_gIrRyN3tWIlmes89t6YR5MBxunNbQHv4-1741669723-1.0.1.1-CRD2LktPlDm_j.90IsllIiuVgRxGZrt7LLdZOTNhIOU",md: "wt3zFKcxXSqyoRlqQhCCp0wxMJDamDXZ8nDwhPNyqXw-1741669723-1.2.1.1-zifTnbvTh1BrrY_IAXUOpsbXKrREd7f9tSBzGwl97UPcwZk0BpdpKREi4KSY8ZPyRBjeA21aEROiCauGLspG2Nd_iDUF3aQjQXehMZ5ezeCgBYzaumgp.LzdCwDC8XyOKBBBT00JIEIYUN.FGi_BgKV56LGrEbFlMPdVizscIqzceWnQJIlEt2fQep.O5xWuWODmy2tYH3z7UzDMpxNo6ejjsBBaZQUEbIqYrEfN7GsIiuceLqw5hKupwJXDbALuEKnVex9imuscmcOiU5y_A2H73tPOI5vRDL8YEV7nG4rAiwJQfT1Fom2Cs0QJrfRWPbeXPbW53czfTB8U5UlfCUffz71jrSHiHnJYvcMRSne3MHKkCrIfnixoK5WSKoMAejbJCURbT1.0MbjnxrsObz7_fk4dWQ33yii1xFnKB_OxlNyQFnjWMwI4Qs13bIuv6j2Sm_hvV.BnIDJspdTLB1WoopbIaly_86zJaoSNAS3OzorFGB7R_8GSn60y8ksi780k.J7IDmvuq_U6t9TPlGoZxFvE9jzpfTSwCWZnfpiiSSuQTspjDluaCLAZC.OtfR09BFHrJENn29GwHR8BMq4BR_IUwPm0xuS0J2dVofdtoHpYtFsooCd.Oxf9zLVTOCP.j5fKgOwCCfRhZDcBw8N.u31zfUxuJivbeJTv9MqVbMTTs6BloNNIRkb3KY1Divr2bbPAgXTE6HOvY3uvzhTlEtdhSUDO4Jdr47X3Va9DPn9HMOa7ymsVgb_7xvs6Sn9ceaYWc7swkesnSXeoJ7dS0sdd07fHYQq2.FDe1GvlFqnMeSBJTOVEn_e6Fv8yEDcGIOs.GMc6MHRu33xBTBr1WJiPpMKFbgic_i0Bu2Chm4L6Hj814kbswnTmLFxagYP9.Fl1mim9PyFEKAmUaQEGf_X0YSI8Y9xb3XKGelL7kI1ObIJaSXuykSBmTECoXXQRFQptVw9YOTY1550IHiMB28IIZYGrLuIgwqW6rQcJ7nrsGSQIxET6Tdr1muJ2qyfhQKNNIRzyMhKVslzm320pah61tPlhCAF_sQ7Li1M7GnTFI.qKWSdJHr7y3LI_buF7VSyQ83bcHTwV3gSnfux8DsRIePs7tNfQNMv7TvIO4be2L87XCLxaKbb9nOxDk5lPczD4JscZTtTeIsMx6gL956H7sCB.lkknbmfJWT7ynmryRMlkMCd3ruDlz_y35xBeR2HErX7AggNlC7k.3yQoqbr1zup8PGamESIAdB0vOjoxOAidK.WOQROQpvUAwpf8AUZq.ac8n9gcNIF62ClpK578LA2h2a9dLBJcdhI",mdrd: "7hnBdYNdLVasjWi0vLHiIcBtDWr1ClnubuzFZPu92c0-1741669723-1.2.1.1-TRJoXw8KB4385VXOeCUzxrN4IyMxEtu5UF9xetqnmOMBikHpSkbu9NtsjUuxGBnsVx0_NS07t4iINPwjaDEEHGnkZmDMETUIpyvYk_NBvytG.3sIPwE.jN3bT9FAAbEofyA6z3FdW6PZQbcMKX7uJlK6_D46hpNR5GIr5vPGINNFAGnH8dQ6HdPpTIEk.6qJjBcuqhwbmT.lwTwSHE1fX1NdhJXMv7SFRg6HQSwuTr71iYwftQ5NRzgTM2CknTQVA7Wer3EaesNIoteG5W3UwTMAyPT2qppLSEw9G_9s_wm2AN7R9RCwDl8p6c16MJT8ofZ6WXpxlgaylSs2TgPk9ooMMt4iWvKvfTiOxG2eD0JSns88y8rmVqnbUxeaWiqO2Y1Jk2PAeYUbiu5ryWSjmTpgvROnLiCAwz8gxbNq7v40xHkfCSXhgQRYeFpHB655qDWCCCmtDNyoVvUvDoBEl9.KTH2JsW6wz3nuzylcnXvqB.zv072ahi_DXVmLcn.yul1M3BD1iIE3UPmUHZ5sKblob3DnoiZs_ZuG0U8u5y_z5995rMesL45H6um2uG9u___j0WwPlrhDOVHl3kI6aoe1zLcuGvilu62ZZR5z0m5ceiGzt5orMWamgHm2tsQDKuQzNT6grQohsuVwpH5tSJWmGfPPQRDSKUXA5s2DLxLzgkvKFytFYae7vPlV2jPX1PpB_c2CoS0Yngo94Dv8Rpdbb92eVhRfnrSFED0yeyHH3AzgIo4f_eyKDBgFhK5uDlrDjuGajLLYmzIrHQUOUD4wPS6tiOjO9GhUGlxi2vjowEVd9cGV1aDalNAoeRk1Ym8UVPg4LAYRRwmqjGLPJK7bVut793tabvK2r_x8SMrxuESKudXC4TLg.Qz4XBEM49M3amqf9.C9QUNS1Xy7.tH8NSRl8U1I.oN9g22kV14t8HSusecXhKDRYPdqsjdOiXKbxcRIE8p25nsk1fJz5V0b3JJjKuLT4OttOMYoOwQsJZSgPIOXay0mT.QkbO2xndE0Mrlhj5LyP.jLHLHgFYw4DpWvstB2uHXZEBslMgRVGD9BtNqaO0OdKDySZD0y4Z1c_dfzXGiiWLiQqCDRHWo.y.3g8rjUQhODxDgYXCcjDXWfye_m4PXdmVuM5tu_RCKkoaNNzGLeIfgut0YKXQ8mbFfIsxLKhH9CauUz8.KmCXXSZ.Knqf9l0WKTmxUiSRAoA1JkXxabsBqwUmT3v.GthDFNzxb7U8G7VYzH3QX9WPoCS9qFcFuyBm6Fv8ENIr5dCGeo78WCORxjmql2d.8nnxzOHSnZ3dc4morXYTlV5XLUv59ahSogracedx_nZpiiE6BO6TB0q1zbUYxAmZHTCvxrWMSqPSqks8UJQb6.E3_IhzWtc7Xs5MeVeVPWXD9qqP6luQTnVtdxEPGfcw3ue4.pvEbM4c8Mgqs3HXHEyvcRo3dkle3h0ZZ.gL_glTTnaSVC8x088MvvwpCA.5919TtUbex1KTIBD098_sboJQ9LYPYswjd3ThZiEXYlrZOnfwqnObX2Lx6VtGuqL2NNHEt6xICpmtIk9VBoeSo5FdTIMkOFQCoBzlJTwXKfnwnQZ_N94yWDR9x71.rDbef4OvDfalSCR6.yY_wSz6i6Bcb8zhGkmyJV7ulTNcmcYdAvJJ4lctJ0TAdYzhneaWIV5CW862tsTpGHjueQuvwr.ZmOFmwVYbwRsx6z8NLfwysSOh36gOXctvDxUWkqDZwGQcXNc2Po7dngy0jappUNOmyN1Tsv6gvvL75YRiCE9RP73DYxCwFyFGj4KAYyzAY316QxK8kq1gBJ1ByOhFFNjGeq6YsiguK5kp23UKoEW._T1nWlEJF9ksGfISoZfUCuXUxVknuTsdg2XsxPNONDcXfG18CBs_tBkPzjLzR93cw8xVRMTCVHx.daHM5vdMoeMV9WZpxzzH9sq5FqiPA_1X4VbyvayZ9BFoB90XBD"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/g/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=91e8891cedf5cdf2';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/search?q=Rainfall%20%E2%80%93%20Runoff.&__cf_chl_rt_tk=ix_fWri00U_gIrRyN3tWIlmes89t6YR5MBxunNbQHv4-1741669723-1.0.1.1-CRD2LktPlDm_j.90IsllIiuVgRxGZrt7LLdZOTNhIOU" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>