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</div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ancient_era" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ancient_era"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Ancient era</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ancient_era-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Roman_aqueduct_and_mill" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Roman_aqueduct_and_mill"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Roman aqueduct and mill</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Roman_aqueduct_and_mill-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Middle_Ages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Middle_Ages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Middle Ages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Middle_Ages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Modern_era" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modern_era"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Modern era</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Modern_era-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Jewish_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jewish_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Jewish history</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Jewish_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Population" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Population"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Population</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Population-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Main_sights" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Main_sights"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Main sights</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Main_sights-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Archaeology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Archaeology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Archaeology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Archaeology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Sport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Culture</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Culture subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-European_Capital_of_Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#European_Capital_of_Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>European Capital of Culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-European_Capital_of_Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Transport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_people" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_people"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Notable people</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_people-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Twin_towns_–_sister_cities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Twin_towns_–_sister_cities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Twin towns – sister cities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Twin_towns_–_sister_cities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_pop-culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_pop-culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>In pop-culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_pop-culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-General_bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#General_bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">17</span> <span>General bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-General_bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">18</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Arles</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 86 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-86" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">86 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arles" title="Arles – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Arles" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arela" title="Arela – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Arela" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%B1%D9%84" title="آرل – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="آرل" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arlet" title="Arlet – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Arlet" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%82rlo" title="Ârlo – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Ârlo" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arl" title="Arl – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Arl" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%B1%D9%84" title="آرل – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="آرل" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Арль – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Арль" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Арль – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Арль" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Арль – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Арль" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BB" title="Арл – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Арл" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arle" title="Arle – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Arle" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arle" title="Arle – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Arle" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Арль – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Арль" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arles" title="Arles – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Arles" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arles" title="Arles – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Arles" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arles" title="Arles – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Arles" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arles" title="Arles – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Arles" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arles" title="Arles – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Arles" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arles" title="Arles – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Arles" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CF%81%CE%BB" title="Αρλ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αρλ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arl%C3%A9s" title="Arlés – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Arlés" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arles" title="Arles – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Arles" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arles" title="Arles – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Arles" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%B1%D9%84" title="آرل – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آرل" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arles" title="Arles – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Arles" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arles" title="Arles – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Arles" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%84%EB%A5%BC" title="아를 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="아를" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%BC%D5%AC" title="Առլ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Առլ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arles" title="Arles – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Arles" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arles" title="Arles – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Arles" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arles" title="Arles – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Arles" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arles" title="Arles – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Arles" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Арль – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Арль" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arles" title="Arles – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Arles" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%9C" title="ארל – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ארל" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arles" title="Arles – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Arles" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="არლი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="არლი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arles" title="Arles – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Arles" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arles" title="Arles – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Arles" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arles" title="Arles – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Arles" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arles" title="Arles – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Arles" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arelate" title="Arelate – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Arelate" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arla" title="Arla – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Arla" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arlis" title="Arlis – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Arlis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arles" title="Arles – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Arles" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arles" title="Arles – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Arles" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BB" title="Арл – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Арл" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arles" title="Arles – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Arles" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arles" title="Arles – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Arles" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%B1%D9%84" title="آرل – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="آرل" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84" title="ارل – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="ارل" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arles" title="Arles – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Arles" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arles" title="Arles – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Arles" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%AB%E3%83%AB" title="アルル – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アルル" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B3%D3%80%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="АгӀль – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="АгӀль" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arles" title="Arles – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Arles" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arles" title="Arles – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Arles" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arle" title="Arle – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Arle" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arles" title="Arles – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Arles" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arles" title="Arles – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Arles" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arles" title="Arles – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Arles" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arles" title="Arles – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Arles" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Арль – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Арль" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arles" title="Arles – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Arles" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arles" title="Arles – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Arles" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arles" title="Arles – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Arles" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arles" title="Arles – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Arles" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arles" title="Arles – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Arles" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BB" title="Арл – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Арл" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arles" title="Arles – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Arles" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arles" title="Arles – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Arles" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arles" title="Arles – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Arles" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arles" title="Arles – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Arles" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Арль – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Арль" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%A5" title="อาร์ล – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="อาร์ล" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arles" title="Arles – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Arles" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Арль – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Арль" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%B1%D9%84" title="آرل – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="آرل" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arles" title="Arles – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Arles" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arles" title="Arles – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Arles" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arles" title="Arles – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Arles" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arles" title="Arles – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Arles" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%94%E5%8B%92" title="阿尔勒 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="阿尔勒" 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.latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Arles&params=43.6767_N_4.6278_E_region:FR-PAC_type:city(51,000)"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">43°40′36″N</span> <span class="longitude">4°37′40″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">43.67670°N 4.6278°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">43.67670; 4.6278</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">City in Provence, France</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the city in France. For the medieval kingdom, see <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Arles" title="Kingdom of Arles">Kingdom of Arles</a>. For the village in Ireland, see <a href="/wiki/Arless" title="Arless">Arless</a>. For the village in England, see <a href="/wiki/Arle,_Gloucestershire" class="mw-redirect" title="Arle, Gloucestershire">Arle, Gloucestershire</a>.</div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Subprefecture and commune in Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, France</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Arles</div> <div class="nickname ib-settlement-native" lang="{{{native_name_lang}}}"><span title="Occitan (post 1500)-language text"><i lang="oc">Arle</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Occitan_language" title="Occitan language">Occitan</a>)</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/Subprefectures_in_France" title="Subprefectures in France">Subprefecture</a> and <a href="/wiki/Communes_of_France" title="Communes of France">commune</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="multiimageinner" style="width:272px;max-width:272px;border:none"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:270px;max-width:270px"><div style="height:130px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:1_arles_france_2016.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/1_arles_france_2016.jpg/268px-1_arles_france_2016.jpg" decoding="async" width="268" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/1_arles_france_2016.jpg/402px-1_arles_france_2016.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/1_arles_france_2016.jpg/536px-1_arles_france_2016.jpg 2x" data-file-width="10216" data-file-height="4961" /></a></span></div><div>Aerial view of Arles and the <a href="/wiki/Rh%C3%B4ne" title="Rhône">Rhône</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:136px;max-width:136px"><div style="height:86px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:FranceArlesArenes_07-2010.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/FranceArlesArenes_07-2010.jpg/250px-FranceArlesArenes_07-2010.jpg" decoding="async" width="134" height="86" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/FranceArlesArenes_07-2010.jpg/330px-FranceArlesArenes_07-2010.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3821" data-file-height="2466" /></a></span></div><div><a href="/wiki/Arles_Amphitheatre" title="Arles Amphitheatre">Arles Amphitheatre</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:132px;max-width:132px"><div style="height:86px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Arles-H%C3%B4tel_de_ville-bjs180820-01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Arles-H%C3%B4tel_de_ville-bjs180820-01.jpg/250px-Arles-H%C3%B4tel_de_ville-bjs180820-01.jpg" decoding="async" width="130" height="86" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Arles-H%C3%B4tel_de_ville-bjs180820-01.jpg/330px-Arles-H%C3%B4tel_de_ville-bjs180820-01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4506" data-file-height="2983" /></a></span></div><div><a href="/wiki/H%C3%B4tel_de_Ville,_Arles" title="Hôtel de Ville, Arles">Hôtel de Ville</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:93px;max-width:93px"><div style="height:75px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Arles-%C3%89glise_Saint_Trophime-Fa%C3%A7ade-20200306.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Arles-%C3%89glise_Saint_Trophime-Fa%C3%A7ade-20200306.jpeg/91px-Arles-%C3%89glise_Saint_Trophime-Fa%C3%A7ade-20200306.jpeg" decoding="async" width="91" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Arles-%C3%89glise_Saint_Trophime-Fa%C3%A7ade-20200306.jpeg/137px-Arles-%C3%89glise_Saint_Trophime-Fa%C3%A7ade-20200306.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Arles-%C3%89glise_Saint_Trophime-Fa%C3%A7ade-20200306.jpeg/182px-Arles-%C3%89glise_Saint_Trophime-Fa%C3%A7ade-20200306.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="4609" data-file-height="3814" /></a></span></div><div><a href="/wiki/Church_of_St._Trophime,_Arles" title="Church of St. Trophime, Arles">Church of St. Trophime</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:175px;max-width:175px"><div style="height:75px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Arles_Amphitheatre_gallo_romain_pano.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Arles_Amphitheatre_gallo_romain_pano.jpg/250px-Arles_Amphitheatre_gallo_romain_pano.jpg" decoding="async" width="173" height="76" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Arles_Amphitheatre_gallo_romain_pano.jpg/330px-Arles_Amphitheatre_gallo_romain_pano.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Arles_Amphitheatre_gallo_romain_pano.jpg/500px-Arles_Amphitheatre_gallo_romain_pano.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5472" data-file-height="2389" /></a></span></div><div><a href="/wiki/Roman_Theatre_of_Arles" title="Roman Theatre of Arles">Roman Theatre</a></div></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Drapeau_d%27Arles.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Arles"><img alt="Flag of Arles" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Drapeau_d%27Arles.svg/100px-Drapeau_d%27Arles.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Drapeau_d%27Arles.svg/150px-Drapeau_d%27Arles.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Drapeau_d%27Arles.svg/200px-Drapeau_d%27Arles.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Flag</div></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blason_Arles_13.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Arles"><img alt="Coat of arms of Arles" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Blason_Arles_13.svg/120px-Blason_Arles_13.svg.png" decoding="async" width="73" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Blason_Arles_13.svg/250px-Blason_Arles_13.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Coat of arms</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1214851843">.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;padding:5px;border:none;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .hidden-title{font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .hidden-content{text-align:left}@media all and (max-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{width:auto!important;clear:none!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:center;">Location of Arles</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style=""> <div class="center" style="margin-top:1em"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 270px; height: 200px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="270" data-height="200" data-zoom="8" data-overlays="["_4a5182a17c2c3eb9f6f40edd78fabec6ee02da0e"]"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,8,a,a,270x200.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Arles&revid=1276318683&groups=_4a5182a17c2c3eb9f6f40edd78fabec6ee02da0e" width="270" height="200" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,8,a,a,270x200@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Arles&revid=1276318683&groups=_4a5182a17c2c3eb9f6f40edd78fabec6ee02da0e 2x" alt="Map" /></a></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="switcher-container"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:270px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:270px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:270px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:France_location_map-Regions_and_departements-2016.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Arles is located in France"><img alt="Arles is located in France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/France_location_map-Regions_and_departements-2016.svg/270px-France_location_map-Regions_and_departements-2016.svg.png" decoding="async" width="270" height="259" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/France_location_map-Regions_and_departements-2016.svg/405px-France_location_map-Regions_and_departements-2016.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/France_location_map-Regions_and_departements-2016.svg/540px-France_location_map-Regions_and_departements-2016.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1922" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:74.508%;left:65.999%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Arles"><img alt="Arles" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:4px"><div>Arles</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"></div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of France</span></div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738" /><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:270px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:270px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:270px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Provence-Alpes-Cotes_d%27Azur_region_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Arles is located in Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur"><img alt="Arles is located in Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Provence-Alpes-Cotes_d%27Azur_region_location_map.svg/330px-Provence-Alpes-Cotes_d%27Azur_region_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="270" height="240" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Provence-Alpes-Cotes_d%27Azur_region_location_map.svg/500px-Provence-Alpes-Cotes_d%27Azur_region_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Provence-Alpes-Cotes_d%27Azur_region_location_map.svg/540px-Provence-Alpes-Cotes_d%27Azur_region_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="514" data-file-height="456" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:65.265%;left:16.842%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Arles"><img alt="Arles" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:4px"><div>Arles</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"></div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</span></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Arles&params=43.6767_N_4.6278_E_region:FR-PAC_type:city(51,000)"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">43°40′36″N</span> <span class="longitude">4°37′40″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">43.67670°N 4.6278°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">43.67670; 4.6278</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_France" title="Regions of France">Region</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Provence-Alpes-C%C3%B4te_d%27Azur" title="Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Departments_of_France" title="Departments of France">Department</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Bouches-du-Rh%C3%B4ne" title="Bouches-du-Rhône">Bouches-du-Rhône</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Arrondissements_of_France" title="Arrondissements of France">Arrondissement</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Arrondissement_of_Arles" title="Arrondissement of Arles">Arles</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Cantons_of_France" title="Cantons of France">Canton</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Arles" title="Canton of Arles">Arles</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Communes_of_France#Intercommunality" title="Communes of France">Intercommunality</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Communaut%C3%A9_d%27agglom%C3%A9ration_Arles-Crau-Camargue-Montagnette" title="Communauté d'agglomération Arles-Crau-Camargue-Montagnette">Arles-Crau-Camargue-Montagnette</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Mayor <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold">(2020–2026) </span></th><td class="infobox-data">Patrick De Carolis<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup><b>1</b></sup></div></div></th><td class="infobox-data">758.93 km<sup>2</sup> (293.02 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(2022)<sup id="cite_ref-popref2022_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-popref2022-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th><td class="infobox-data">51,156</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">67/km<sup>2</sup> (170/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B01:00" title="UTC+01:00">UTC+01:00</a> (<a href="/wiki/Central_European_Time" title="Central European Time">CET</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"> • Summer (<a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">DST</a>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B02:00" title="UTC+02:00">UTC+02:00</a> (<a href="/wiki/Central_European_Summer_Time" title="Central European Summer Time">CEST</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/INSEE_code" title="INSEE code">INSEE</a>/Postal code</th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="postal-code"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/1405599?geo=COM-13004">13004</a> /13200</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Elevation</th><td class="infobox-data">0–57 m (0–187 ft) <br />(avg. 10 m or 33 ft)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below"><sup><b>1</b></sup> French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers > 1 km<sup>2</sup> (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries.</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Arles</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ɑːr/: 'ar' in 'far'">ɑːr</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span></span>(<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'z' in 'zoom'">z</span></span>)/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling"><span style="font-size:90%">ARL(Z)</span></i></a>, <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small"><a href="/wiki/American_English" title="American English">US</a> also </span><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="/ɑːr/: 'ar' in 'far'">ɑːr</span><span title="/əl/: 'le' in 'bottle'">əl</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling"><span style="font-size:90%">AR</span>-əl</i></a>,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991" /><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">French:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="fr-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/French" title="Help:IPA/French">[aʁl]</a></span>; <a href="/wiki/Proven%C3%A7al_dialect" title="Provençal dialect">Provençal</a>: <i lang="oc">Arle</i> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="oc-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Occitan" title="Help:IPA/Occitan">[ˈaʀle]</a></span> <span style="font-size: 85%;">in both classical and <a href="/wiki/Mistralian" class="mw-redirect" title="Mistralian">Mistralian</a> norms</span>; Classical <a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a>: <i lang="la">Arelate</i>) is a coastal city and <a href="/wiki/Communes_of_France" title="Communes of France">commune</a> in the South of France, a <a href="/wiki/Subprefectures_in_France" title="Subprefectures in France">subprefecture</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Bouches-du-Rh%C3%B4ne" title="Bouches-du-Rhône">Bouches-du-Rhône</a> <a href="/wiki/Departments_of_France" title="Departments of France">department</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Provence-Alpes-C%C3%B4te_d%27Azur" title="Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</a> <a href="/wiki/Regions_of_France" title="Regions of France">region</a>, in the former <a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_France" title="Provinces of France">province</a> of <a href="/wiki/Provence" title="Provence">Provence</a>. </p><p>A large part of the <a href="/wiki/Camargue" title="Camargue">Camargue</a>, the largest wetlands in France, is located within the territory of the commune, which is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_French_communes_by_surface_area" title="List of French communes by surface area">largest</a> in <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_France" title="Metropolitan France">Metropolitan France</a> in terms of geographic territory. In non-metropolitan France, <a href="/wiki/Maripasoula" title="Maripasoula">Maripasoula</a> in <a href="/wiki/French_Guiana" title="French Guiana">French Guiana</a> is the largest French commune in general. </p><p>The commune's land area is roughly similar to that of <a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a>. The city has a long history, and was of considerable importance in the <a href="/wiki/Roman_province" title="Roman province">Roman province</a> of <a href="/wiki/Gallia_Narbonensis" title="Gallia Narbonensis">Gallia Narbonensis</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Arles,_Roman_and_Romanesque_Monuments" title="Arles, Roman and Romanesque Monuments">Roman and Romanesque Monuments of Arles</a> were listed as <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a> <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">World Heritage Sites</a> in 1981 for their testimony to the history of the region.<sup id="cite_ref-unesco_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-unesco-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The city is famous for being the archdiocese of <a href="/wiki/Caesarius_of_Arles" title="Caesarius of Arles">Caesarius of Arles</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hilary_of_Arles" title="Hilary of Arles">Hilary of Arles</a>. Additionally, many artists have lived and worked in this area, including <a href="/wiki/Pablo_Picasso" title="Pablo Picasso">Pablo Picasso</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paul_Gauguin" title="Paul Gauguin">Paul Gauguin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jacques_R%C3%A9attu" title="Jacques Réattu">Jacques Réattu</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Dutch <a href="/wiki/Post-Impressionism" title="Post-Impressionism">post-Impressionist</a> painter <a href="/wiki/Vincent_van_Gogh" title="Vincent van Gogh">Vincent van Gogh</a> lived in Arles from 1888 to 1889, and produced over 300 paintings and drawings during his time there. These are held in internationally known museums and private collections around the world. An international photography festival has been held annually in the city since 1970. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886046785">.mw-parser-output .toclimit-2 .toclevel-1 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-3 .toclevel-2 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-4 .toclevel-3 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-5 .toclevel-4 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-6 .toclevel-5 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-7 .toclevel-6 ul{display:none}</style><div class="toclimit-2"><meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Name">Name</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arles&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Name"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The settlement is attested as <i>Arelate</i> in the mid-1st century BC (<a href="/wiki/Caesar" class="mw-redirect" title="Caesar">Caesar</a>), <i>Areláte</i> (Ἀρελάτε) in the early 1st c. AD (<a href="/wiki/Strabo" title="Strabo">Strabo</a>), <i>Arlate civitas</i> in 954, and <i>Arle</i> in the 13th century.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENègre1990116_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENègre1990116-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Toponymy" title="Toponymy">toponym</a> <i>Arelate</i> is a Latinized form of the <a href="/wiki/Gaulish" title="Gaulish">Gaulish</a> *<i>Arelati</i>, meaning 'by the marsh', or 'in front of the marsh'.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDelamarre2003197_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDelamarre2003197-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arles&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The river <a href="/wiki/Rh%C3%B4ne" title="Rhône">Rhône</a> forks into two branches just upstream of Arles, forming the <a href="/wiki/Camargue" title="Camargue">Camargue</a> delta. Because the Camargue is for a large part administratively part of Arles, the commune as a whole is the largest <a href="/wiki/Communes_of_France" title="Communes of France">commune</a> in <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_France" title="Metropolitan France">Metropolitan France</a> in terms of territory. But its population numbers only slightly more than 50,000. Its area is 758.93 km<sup>2</sup> (293.02 sq mi), which is more than seven times the area of <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>. </p><p>In addition to the city proper in the north of the territory, the commune of Arles includes a number of outlying towns and hamlets, including Albaron, Gageron, Mas-Thibert, Moulès, <a href="/wiki/Pont-de-Crau" title="Pont-de-Crau">Pont-de-Crau</a>, Raphèle-lès-Arles, Saliers, <a href="/wiki/Salin-de-Giraud" title="Salin-de-Giraud">Salin-de-Giraud</a> and Le Sambuc. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arles&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ancient_era">Ancient era</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arles&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Ancient era"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ar%C3%A8nes_d%27Arles_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Ar%C3%A8nes_d%27Arles_1.jpg/220px-Ar%C3%A8nes_d%27Arles_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="104" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Ar%C3%A8nes_d%27Arles_1.jpg/330px-Ar%C3%A8nes_d%27Arles_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Ar%C3%A8nes_d%27Arles_1.jpg/440px-Ar%C3%A8nes_d%27Arles_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2980" data-file-height="1409" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Arles_Amphitheatre" title="Arles Amphitheatre">Arles Amphitheatre</a>, a Roman arena</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Passageway_in_Roman_arena.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Passageway_in_Roman_arena.JPG/250px-Passageway_in_Roman_arena.JPG" decoding="async" width="170" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Passageway_in_Roman_arena.JPG/330px-Passageway_in_Roman_arena.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Passageway_in_Roman_arena.JPG/500px-Passageway_in_Roman_arena.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1366" data-file-height="2048" /></a><figcaption>Passageway in the Amphitheatre</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Ligures" title="Ligures">Ligurians</a> were in this area from about 800 BC. Later <a href="/wiki/Celts" title="Celts">Celtic</a> influences have also been discovered. The city became an important <a href="/wiki/Phoenicia" title="Phoenicia">Phoenician</a> trading port, before it was taken over by the <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Rome" title="Ancient Rome">Romans</a>. </p><p>The Romans took the town in 123 BC and expanded it into an important city. They built a canal link to the <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_Sea" title="Mediterranean Sea">Mediterranean Sea</a> in 104 BC. Arles had to compete with <a href="/wiki/Marseille" title="Marseille">Massalia</a> (Marseille) further along the coast. </p><p>Arles' leaders sided with <a href="/wiki/Julius_Caesar" title="Julius Caesar">Julius Caesar</a> against <a href="/wiki/Pompey" title="Pompey">Pompey</a>, providing military support. Massalia backed Pompey; when Caesar emerged victorious, Massalia was stripped of its possessions, which were transferred to Arelate as a reward. The town was formally established as a colony for veterans of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_legion" title="Roman legion">Roman legion</a> <a href="/wiki/Legio_VI_Ferrata" title="Legio VI Ferrata">Legio VI <i>Ferrata</i></a>, which had its base there. Its full title as a colony was <i>Colonia Iulia Paterna Arelatensium Sextanorum</i>, "the ancestral Julian colony of Arles of the soldiers of the Sixth." </p><p>Arelate was a city of considerable importance in the province of <a href="/wiki/Gallia_Narbonensis" title="Gallia Narbonensis">Gallia Narbonensis</a>. It covered an area of some 40 hectares (99 acres) and possessed a number of monuments, including <a href="/wiki/Arles_Amphitheatre" title="Arles Amphitheatre">an amphitheatre</a>, <a href="/wiki/Triumphal_arch" title="Triumphal arch">triumphal arch</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roman_circus#row-Arelate" title="Roman circus">Roman circus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roman_theatre_(structure)" title="Roman theatre (structure)">theatre</a>, and a full circuit of walls. Ancient Arles was closer to the sea than it is now and served as a major port. The river has carried centuries of silt that has filled in the former harbor. The city had (and still has) the southernmost bridge on the Rhône. </p><p>The recently discovered republican House of the Harpist is an exceptional example of ancient architecture and interior decoration. Dating from 70-50 BC, it has yielded elaborate frescoes.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Roman bridge was unique in that it was not fixed but consisted of a pontoon-style <a href="/wiki/Bridge_of_boats" class="mw-redirect" title="Bridge of boats">bridge of boats</a>, with towers and drawbridges at each end. The boats were secured in place by anchors and were tethered to twin towers built just upstream of the bridge. This unusual design was a way of coping with the river's frequent violent floods, which would have made short work of a conventional bridge. Nothing remains of the Roman bridge, which has been replaced by a more modern bridge near the same spot. </p><p>The city reached a peak of influence during the 4th and 5th centuries, when <a href="/wiki/Roman_Emperor" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Emperor">Roman Emperors</a> frequently used it as their headquarters during military campaigns in Europe. In 395, it became the seat of the <a href="/wiki/Praetor" title="Praetor">Praetorian</a> Prefecture of the <a href="/wiki/Gaul" title="Gaul">Gauls</a>, governing the western part of the Western Empire: Gaul proper plus <a href="/wiki/Hispania" title="Hispania">Hispania</a> (Spain) and <a href="/wiki/Armorica" title="Armorica">Armorica</a> (<a href="/wiki/Brittany" title="Brittany">Brittany</a>). At that time, the city was home to an estimated 75,000–100,000 people.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It became a favorite city of Emperor <a href="/wiki/Constantine_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Constantine I">Constantine I</a>, who built <a href="/wiki/Thermae" title="Thermae">baths</a> there, substantial remains of which are still standing. His son, <a href="/wiki/Constantine_II_of_the_Roman_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Constantine II of the Roman Empire">Constantine II</a>, was born in Arles. <a href="/wiki/Roman_usurper" title="Roman usurper">Usurper</a> <a href="/wiki/Constantine_III_(usurper)" class="mw-redirect" title="Constantine III (usurper)">Constantine III</a> declared himself emperor in the West (407–411) and made Arles his capital in 408. </p><p>Arles became renowned as a cultural and religious centre during the late Roman Empire. It was the birthplace of <a href="/wiki/Favorinus" title="Favorinus">Favorinus</a>, known as the sceptical philosopher. It was also a key location for Roman Christianity and an important base for the <a href="/wiki/Christianization" title="Christianization">Christianization</a> of Gaul. The <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Diocese_of_Arles" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Diocese of Arles">city's bishopric</a> was held by a series of outstanding clerics, beginning with <a href="/wiki/Saint_Trophimus" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Trophimus">Saint Trophimus</a> around 225 and continuing with Saint <a href="/wiki/Honoratus" title="Honoratus">Honoratus</a>, then Saint <a href="/wiki/Hilary_of_Arles" title="Hilary of Arles">Hilarius</a> in the first half of the 5th century. The political tension between the Catholic bishops of Arles and the <a href="/wiki/Visigoths" title="Visigoths">Visigothic</a> kings is epitomized in the career of the Frankish St. <a href="/wiki/Caesarius_of_Arles" title="Caesarius of Arles">Caesarius, bishop of Arles</a> 503–542. Suspected by the <a href="/wiki/Arianism" title="Arianism">Arian</a> Visigoth <a href="/wiki/Alaric_II" title="Alaric II">Alaric II</a> of conspiring with the <a href="/wiki/Burgundians" title="Burgundians">Burgundians</a> to turn over the Arelate to Burgundy, he was exiled for a year to Bordeaux in Aquitaine. Political tensions were evident again in 512, when Arles held out against <a href="/wiki/Theodoric_the_Great" title="Theodoric the Great">Theodoric the Great</a>. Caesarius was imprisoned and sent to <a href="/wiki/Ravenna" title="Ravenna">Ravenna</a> to explain his actions before the <a href="/wiki/Ostrogoths" title="Ostrogoths">Ostrogothic</a> king.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The friction between the Arian Christianity of the <a href="/wiki/Visigoths" title="Visigoths">Visigoths</a> and the Catholicism of the bishops sent out from Rome established deep roots for religious <a href="/wiki/Heterodoxy" title="Heterodoxy">heterodoxy</a>, even <a href="/wiki/Heresy" title="Heresy">heresy</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Occitania" title="Occitania">Occitan</a> culture. At <a href="/wiki/Treves" class="mw-redirect" title="Treves">Treves</a> in 385, <a href="/wiki/Priscillian" title="Priscillian">Priscillian</a> achieved the distinction of becoming the first Christian executed for <a href="/wiki/Heresy" title="Heresy">heresy</a> (<a href="/wiki/Manichaean" class="mw-redirect" title="Manichaean">Manichaean</a> in his case, see also <a href="/wiki/Cathar" class="mw-redirect" title="Cathar">Cathars</a>, <a href="/wiki/Camisards" title="Camisards">Camisards</a>). Despite this tension and the city's decline in the face of <a href="/wiki/Barbarian" title="Barbarian">barbarian</a> invasions, Arles remained a great religious centre. It hosted church councils (see <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Arles" class="mw-redirect" title="Council of Arles">Council of Arles</a>), the rival of <a href="/wiki/Vienne,_Is%C3%A8re" title="Vienne, Isère">Vienne</a>, for hundreds of years. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Roman_aqueduct_and_mill">Roman aqueduct and mill</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arles&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Roman aqueduct and mill"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Aqueduc_Romain_pr%C3%A8s_de_Fontvieille_2.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Aqueduc_Romain_pr%C3%A8s_de_Fontvieille_2.JPG/220px-Aqueduc_Romain_pr%C3%A8s_de_Fontvieille_2.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Aqueduc_Romain_pr%C3%A8s_de_Fontvieille_2.JPG/330px-Aqueduc_Romain_pr%C3%A8s_de_Fontvieille_2.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Aqueduc_Romain_pr%C3%A8s_de_Fontvieille_2.JPG/440px-Aqueduc_Romain_pr%C3%A8s_de_Fontvieille_2.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3216" data-file-height="2144" /></a><figcaption>Aqueduct of Arles at Barbegal</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Barbegal_aqueduct_and_mill" class="mw-redirect" title="Barbegal aqueduct and mill">Barbegal aqueduct and mill</a> is a <a href="/wiki/List_of_Roman_watermills" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Roman watermills">Roman watermill</a> complex located on the territory of the commune of <a href="/wiki/Fontvieille,_Bouches-du-Rh%C3%B4ne" title="Fontvieille, Bouches-du-Rhône">Fontvieille</a>, a few kilometres from Arles. The complex has been referred to as "the greatest known concentration of mechanical power in the <a href="/wiki/Ancient_world" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient world">ancient world</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The remains of the mill streams and buildings which housed the overshot <a href="/wiki/Water_wheel" title="Water wheel">water wheels</a> are still visible at the site, and it is by far the best-preserved of ancient mills. There are two aqueducts which join just north of the mill complex, and a sluice which enabled the operators to control the water supply to the complex. The mill consisted of 16 water wheels in two separate rows built into a steep hillside. There are substantial masonry remains of the water channels and foundations of the individual mills, together with a staircase rising up the hill upon which the mills are built. The mills apparently operated from the end of the 1st century until about the end of the 3rd century.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The capacity of the mills has been estimated at 4.5 tons of <a href="/wiki/Flour" title="Flour">flour</a> per day, sufficient to supply enough bread for 12,000 of the 30,000–40,000 inhabitants of Arelate at that time.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A similar mill complex existed also on the <a href="/wiki/Janiculum" title="Janiculum">Janiculum</a> in <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a>. Examination of the <a href="/wiki/Mill_leat" class="mw-redirect" title="Mill leat">mill leat</a> still just visible on one side of the hill shows a substantial accretion of lime in the channel, tending to confirm its long working life. </p><p>It is thought that the wheels were overshot water wheels with the outflow from the top driving the next one down and so on, to the base of the hill. Vertical water mills were well known to the Romans, being described by <a href="/wiki/Vitruvius" title="Vitruvius">Vitruvius</a> in his <i><a href="/wiki/De_Architectura" class="mw-redirect" title="De Architectura">De Architectura</a></i> of 25 BC, and mentioned by <a href="/wiki/Pliny_the_Elder" title="Pliny the Elder">Pliny the Elder</a> in his <a href="/wiki/Naturalis_Historia" class="mw-redirect" title="Naturalis Historia">Natural History</a> of 77 AD. There are also later references to floating water mills from <a href="/wiki/Byzantium" title="Byzantium">Byzantium</a> and to <a href="/wiki/Sawmill" title="Sawmill">sawmills</a> on the river <a href="/wiki/Moselle" title="Moselle">Moselle</a> by the poet <a href="/wiki/Ausonius" title="Ausonius">Ausonius</a>. The use of multiple stacked sequences of <a href="/wiki/Reverse_overshot_water_wheel" title="Reverse overshot water wheel">reverse overshot water wheels</a> was widespread in Roman mines. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Middle_Ages">Middle Ages</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arles&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Middle Ages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Arles_Kreuzgang_B220798.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Arles_Kreuzgang_B220798.JPG/220px-Arles_Kreuzgang_B220798.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Arles_Kreuzgang_B220798.JPG/330px-Arles_Kreuzgang_B220798.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Arles_Kreuzgang_B220798.JPG/440px-Arles_Kreuzgang_B220798.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Church_of_St._Trophime" class="mw-redirect" title="Church of St. Trophime">Church of St. Trophime</a> and its cloister</figcaption></figure> <p>In 735, after raiding the Lower Rhône, <a href="/wiki/Al-Andalus" title="Al-Andalus">Andalusian</a> <a href="/wiki/Saracen" title="Saracen">Saracens</a> led by <a href="/wiki/Yusuf_ibn_%27Abd_al-Rahman_al-Fihri" class="mw-redirect" title="Yusuf ibn 'Abd al-Rahman al-Fihri">Yusuf ibn 'Abd al-Rahman al-Fihri</a> moved into the stronghold summoned by Count <a href="/wiki/Maurontus" title="Maurontus">Maurontus</a>, who feared <a href="/wiki/Charles_Martel" title="Charles Martel">Charles Martel</a>'s expansionist ambitions, though this may have been an excuse to further Muslim expansion beyond Iberia. The next year, Charles campaigned south to Septimania and Provence, attacking and capturing Arles from the <a href="/wiki/Muslim" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim">Muslim</a> <a href="/wiki/Arabs" title="Arabs">Arabs</a> after destroying Avignon. In 739. Charles definitely drove Maurontus to exile, and brought <a href="/wiki/Provence" title="Provence">Provence</a> to heel. Louis the Pious, in 829, placed Arles under royal protection and assigned it with special privileges.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELewis196548_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELewis196548-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 855, it was made the capital of a Frankish <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Burgundy" title="Kingdom of Burgundy">Kingdom of Burgundy</a>, which included <a href="/wiki/Burgundy_(region)" class="mw-redirect" title="Burgundy (region)">Burgundy</a> and part of Provence, but was frequently terrorised by Saracen and <a href="/wiki/Viking" class="mw-redirect" title="Viking">Viking</a> raiders. In 888, Rudolph, Count of <a href="/wiki/Auxerre" title="Auxerre">Auxerre</a> (now in north-western Burgundy), founded the kingdom of <a href="/wiki/Bourgogne_Transjurane" class="mw-redirect" title="Bourgogne Transjurane">Transjuran Burgundy</a> (literally, beyond the Jura mountains), which included western Switzerland as far as the river Reuss, <a href="/wiki/Valais" title="Valais">Valais</a>, <a href="/wiki/Geneva" title="Geneva">Geneva</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chablais" title="Chablais">Chablais</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bugey" title="Bugey">Bugey</a>. </p><p>In 933, <a href="/wiki/Hugh_of_Arles" class="mw-redirect" title="Hugh of Arles">Hugh of Arles</a> ("Hugues de Provence") gave his kingdom up to Rudolph II, who merged the two kingdoms into a new <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Burgundy-Arles" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Burgundy-Arles">Kingdom of Burgundy-Arles</a>. In 1032, King <a href="/wiki/Rudolf_III_of_Burgundy" class="mw-redirect" title="Rudolf III of Burgundy">Rudolph III</a> died, and the kingdom was inherited by Emperor <a href="/wiki/Conrad_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Conrad II, Holy Roman Emperor">Conrad II</a> the Salic. Though his successors counted themselves kings of Arles, few went to be crowned in the cathedral. Most of the kingdom's territory was progressively incorporated into France. During these troubled times, <a href="/wiki/Arles_Amphitheatre" title="Arles Amphitheatre">the amphitheatre</a> was converted into a fortress, with watchtowers built at each of the four quadrants and a minuscule <a href="/wiki/Walled_town" class="mw-redirect" title="Walled town">walled town</a> being constructed within. The population was by now only a fraction of what it had been in Roman times, with much of old Arles lying in ruins. </p><p>The town regained political and economic prominence in the 12th century, with the Holy Roman Emperor <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Barbarossa" title="Frederick Barbarossa">Frederick Barbarossa</a> traveling there in 1178 for his coronation. In the 12th century, it became a free city governed by an elected <i><a href="/wiki/Podestat" class="mw-redirect" title="Podestat">podestat</a></i> (chief magistrate; literally "power"), who appointed the <a href="/wiki/Consuls" class="mw-redirect" title="Consuls">consuls</a> and other magistrates. It retained this status until the <a href="/wiki/French_Revolution" title="French Revolution">French Revolution</a> of 1789. </p><p>Arles joined the countship of Provence in 1239, but, once more, its prominence was eclipsed by Marseilles. In 1378, the Holy Roman Emperor <a href="/wiki/Charles_IV,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor">Charles IV</a> made the <a href="/wiki/Dauphin_of_France" title="Dauphin of France">Dauphin of France</a> (later King <a href="/wiki/Charles_VI_of_France" title="Charles VI of France">Charles VI of France</a>) vicar of the moribund <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Burgundy-Arles" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Burgundy-Arles">Kingdom of Burgundy-Arles</a> for his lifetime. The kingdom ceased to have any political existence soon afterwards. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Modern_era">Modern era</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arles&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Modern era"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Arles_Place_de_la_R%C3%A9publique.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Arles_Place_de_la_R%C3%A9publique.jpg/220px-Arles_Place_de_la_R%C3%A9publique.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Arles_Place_de_la_R%C3%A9publique.jpg/330px-Arles_Place_de_la_R%C3%A9publique.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Arles_Place_de_la_R%C3%A9publique.jpg/440px-Arles_Place_de_la_R%C3%A9publique.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="2664" /></a><figcaption>Place de la République and the <a href="/wiki/H%C3%B4tel_de_Ville,_Arles" title="Hôtel de Ville, Arles">Hôtel de Ville</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Arles remained economically important for many years as a major port on the Rhône. The <a href="/wiki/H%C3%B4tel_de_Ville,_Arles" title="Hôtel de Ville, Arles">Hôtel de Ville</a> was completed in 1676.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the 19th century, the establishment of railways diminished river trade, leading to the city declining in prominence. This made it a destination for the painter Vincent van Gogh, who arrived there on 21 February 1888. He was fascinated by the Provençal landscapes, producing over 300 paintings and drawings during his time in Arles. Many of his most famous paintings were completed there, including <i><a href="/wiki/The_Night_Cafe" class="mw-redirect" title="The Night Cafe">The Night Cafe</a></i>, the <i><a href="/wiki/Bedroom_in_Arles" title="Bedroom in Arles">Yellow Room</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Starry_Night_Over_the_Rhone" class="mw-redirect" title="Starry Night Over the Rhone">Starry Night Over the Rhone</a></i>, and <i><a href="/wiki/L%27Arl%C3%A9sienne_(painting)" title="L'Arlésienne (painting)">L'Arlésienne</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Paul_Gauguin" title="Paul Gauguin">Paul Gauguin</a> visited van Gogh in Arles. However, van Gogh's mental health deteriorated and he became alarmingly eccentric, culminating in the ear-severing incident in December 1888 which resulted in two stays in the <a href="/wiki/Hospital_in_Arles_(Van_Gogh_series)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hospital in Arles (Van Gogh series)">Old Hospital of Arles</a>. The concerned Arlesians circulated a petition the following February demanding that van Gogh be confined. In May 1889, he voluntarily left Arles for the <a href="/wiki/Saint-Paul_asylum" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint-Paul asylum">Saint-Paul asylum</a> at nearby <a href="/wiki/Saint-R%C3%A9my-de-Provence" title="Saint-Rémy-de-Provence">Saint-Rémy-de-Provence</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Jewish_history">Jewish history</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arles&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Jewish history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Arles" title="History of the Jews in Arles">History of the Jews in Arles</a></div> <p>Arles had an important and prominent Jewish community between the Roman era and the end of the 15th century. A local legend describes the first Jews in Arles as exiles from <a href="/wiki/Judaea" class="mw-redirect" title="Judaea">Judaea</a> after <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a> fell to the Romans. Nevertheless, the first documented evidence of Jews in Arles is not before the fifth century, when a distinguished community already existed in the town. Arles was an important Jewish crossroads, as a port city and close to <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a> and the rest of Europe alike. It served a major role in the work of the <a href="/wiki/Hachmei_Provence" title="Hachmei Provence">Hachmei Provence</a> group of famous Jewish scholars, translators and philosophers, who were most important to Judaism throughout the Middle Ages. In the eighth century, jurisdiction over the Jews of Arles was passed to the local Archbishop, making the Jewish taxes to the clergy somewhat of a shield for the community from mob attacks, most frequent during the <a href="/wiki/Crusades" title="Crusades">Crusades</a>. The community lived relatively peacefully until the last decade of the 15th century, when they were expelled out of the city never to return. Several Jews did live in the city in the centuries after, though no community was found ever after. Nowadays, Jewish archaeological findings and texts from Arles can be found in the local museum.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Climate">Climate</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arles&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Arles has a <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_climate#Hot-summer_Mediterranean_climate" title="Mediterranean climate">hot summer Mediterranean climate</a> (<a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen</a>: <i>Csa</i>)<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with a mean annual temperature of 14.6 °C (1948–1999). The summers are warm and moderately dry, with seasonal averages between 22 °C and 24 °C, and cool to mild winters with a mean temperature of about 7 °C. The city is constantly, but especially in the winter months, subject to the influence of the <a href="/wiki/Mistral_(wind)" title="Mistral (wind)">mistral</a>, a cold wind which can cause sudden and severe frosts. Rainfall (636 mm per year) is fairly evenly distributed from September to May, with the summer drought being less marked than in other Mediterranean areas.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Arles (1991–2020 averages, extremes 1963–present) </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF8D1B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.0<br />(69.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF7E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.1<br />(73.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF6C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.7<br />(78.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF5400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.3<br />(84.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF3A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.0<br />(91.4) </td> <td style="background: #ED0000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">42.8<br />(109.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF1A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">37.7<br />(99.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF1300; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">38.7<br />(101.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF3500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.8<br />(92.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF4400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.5<br />(88.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF7100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.0<br />(77.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF9429; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.0<br />(68.0) </td> <td style="background: #ED0000; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">42.8<br />(109.0) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFD0A1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.3<br />(52.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFC790; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.5<br />(54.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFAE5D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.2<br />(61.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF9B38; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.9<br />(66.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF8002; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.8<br />(73.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF6300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.1<br />(80.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF5000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.8<br />(85.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF5200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.6<br />(85.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF6F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.3<br />(77.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF8F1F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.7<br />(69.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFB56B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.2<br />(59.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFCC99; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.9<br />(53.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF9327; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">20.1<br />(68.2) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFEBD8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.3<br />(45.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFE6CE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.0<br />(46.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFD0A2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.2<br />(52.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFBE7E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.8<br />(56.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFA44A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.6<br />(63.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF8914; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.5<br />(70.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF7900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.9<br />(75.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF7A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.7<br />(74.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF952C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.8<br />(67.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFAE5D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.2<br />(61.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFD0A2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.2<br />(52.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFE7D0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.9<br />(46.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFB56B; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">15.2<br />(59.4) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #F9F9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.4<br />(38.1) </td> <td style="background: #F9F9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.4<br />(38.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFF3E8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.1<br />(43.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFE2C5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.7<br />(47.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFC892; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.4<br />(54.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFAF60; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.0<br />(60.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFA144; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.0<br />(64.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFA449; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.7<br />(63.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFBA76; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.4<br />(57.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFCE9D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.6<br />(52.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFEBD8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.3<br />(45.1) </td> <td style="background: #FCFCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.0<br />(39.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFD7AF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">10.3<br />(50.5) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #ADADFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−10.6<br />(12.9) </td> <td style="background: #A5A5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−12.0<br />(10.4) </td> <td style="background: #BFBFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−7.3<br />(18.9) </td> <td style="background: #DDDDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−1.7<br />(28.9) </td> <td style="background: #F2F2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.2<br />(36.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFF4EA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.0<br />(42.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFDBB7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.7<br />(49.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFE3C7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.5<br />(47.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFF8F1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.5<br />(41.9) </td> <td style="background: #E8E8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.3<br />(32.5) </td> <td style="background: #BEBEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−7.4<br />(18.7) </td> <td style="background: #C4C4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−6.4<br />(20.5) </td> <td style="background: #A5A5FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−12.0<br />(10.4) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #AFFFAF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">53.5<br />(2.11) </td> <td style="background: #C8FFC8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.3<br />(1.31) </td> <td style="background: #CCFFCC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.9<br />(1.33) </td> <td style="background: #A6FFA6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">57.3<br />(2.26) </td> <td style="background: #C3FFC3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">40.1<br />(1.58) </td> <td style="background: #D5FFD5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.0<br />(1.06) </td> <td style="background: #EBFFEB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.9<br />(0.51) </td> <td style="background: #D6FFD6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.9<br />(1.06) </td> <td style="background: #7EFF7E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">83.7<br />(3.30) </td> <td style="background: #86FF86; color:#000000;" class="notheme">80.9<br />(3.19) </td> <td style="background: #89FF89; color:#000000;" class="notheme">76.5<br />(3.01) </td> <td style="background: #BEFFBE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">43.6<br />(1.72) </td> <td style="background: #B6FFB6; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">569.6<br />(22.43) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average precipitation days <span style="font-size:90%;" class="nowrap">(≥ 1.0 mm)</span> </th> <td style="background: #C0C0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.1 </td> <td style="background: #C6C6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.2 </td> <td style="background: #C7C7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.5 </td> <td style="background: #B7B7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.6 </td> <td style="background: #C3C3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.8 </td> <td style="background: #DADAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.9 </td> <td style="background: #E6E6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.0 </td> <td style="background: #E1E1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.4 </td> <td style="background: #C1C1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.8 </td> <td style="background: #B8B8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.7 </td> <td style="background: #A5A5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.0 </td> <td style="background: #BCBCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.4 </td> <td style="background: #C6C6FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">54.3 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source: <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9t%C3%A9o_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Météo France">Météo France</a><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Population">Population</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arles&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Population"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The population data in the table and graph below refer to the commune of Arles proper, in its geography at the given years. The commune of Arles ceded part of its territory to the new commune of <a href="/wiki/Port-Saint-Louis-du-Rh%C3%B4ne" title="Port-Saint-Louis-du-Rhône">Port-Saint-Louis-du-Rhône</a> in 1904, and to the new commune of <a href="/wiki/Saint-Martin-de-Crau" title="Saint-Martin-de-Crau">Saint-Martin-de-Crau</a> in 1925.<sup id="cite_ref-ehess_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ehess-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1261442011">.mw-parser-output .abbr-header{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-bottom:none;background-color:lavender}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-top:none;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);padding:5px}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border-top:1px #a2a9b1 solid!important}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:none}}</style><table class="table-pale" style="width:30em;border-top-width:0;border-spacing: 0;float:none;clear:none;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0;"><caption class="caption-purple" style="padding:0.25em;font-weight:bold">Historical population</caption><tbody><tr valign="top"><td style="padding:0 0.5em"><table style="border-spacing:0;width:15em"><tbody><tr style="font-size:95%"><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;width:3em">Year</th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px 2px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Population" class="abbr-header">Pop.</abbr></th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Per annum growth rate" class="abbr-header">±% p.a.</abbr></th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1793 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">20,000</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">—    </td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1800 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">18,470</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−1.13%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1806 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">20,151</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.46%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1821 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">20,150</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−0.00%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1831 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">20,236</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+0.04%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1836 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">20,048</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−0.19%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1841 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">20,460</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.41%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1846 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">23,101</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+2.46%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1851 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">23,208</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.09%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1856 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">24,816</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+1.35%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1861 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">25,543</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.58%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1866 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">26,367</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.64%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1872 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">24,695</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−1.09%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1876 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">25,095</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.40%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1881 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">23,480</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">−1.32%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1886 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">23,491</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.01%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1891 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">24,288</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.67%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1896 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">24,567</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.23%</td></tr></tbody></table></td><td style="padding:0 0.5em;border-left:solid 1px #aaa"><table style="border-spacing:0;width:15em"><tbody><tr style="font-size:95%"><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;width:3em">Year</th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px 2px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Population" class="abbr-header">Pop.</abbr></th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Per annum growth rate" class="abbr-header">±% p.a.</abbr></th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1901 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">29,314</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+3.60%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1906 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">28,116</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">−0.83%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1911 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">31,010</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.98%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1921 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">31,014</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.00%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1926 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">29,146</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−1.23%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1931 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">32,485</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+2.19%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1936 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">29,165</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">−2.13%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1946 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">35,017</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.85%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1954 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">37,443</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.84%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1962 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">41,932</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.43%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1968 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">45,774</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.47%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1975 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">50,059</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+1.29%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1982 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">50,500</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.13%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1990 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">52,058</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.38%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1999 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">50,426</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−0.35%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2007 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">52,197</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.43%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">2012 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">52,439</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+0.09%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2017 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">52,548</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.04%</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="border-top:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000)"><div class="center"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Notice plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-notice" role="presentation" style="width:100%;margin:0;"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/60px-Information_icon4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/80px-Information_icon4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="620" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text" style="text-align: left;"><div class="mbox-text-span">Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. Updates on reimplementing the Graph extension, which will be known as the Chart extension, can be found on <a class="external text" href="https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/tag/charts/">Phabricator</a> and on <a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Extension:Chart" class="extiw" title="mw:Extension:Chart">MediaWiki.org</a>.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="border-top:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);font-size:85%;text-align:left">Source: EHESS<sup id="cite_ref-ehess_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ehess-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and INSEE (1968-2017)<sup id="cite_ref-pophist_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pophist-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Main_sights">Main sights</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arles&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Main sights"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Arles,Th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_Antique1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Arles%2CTh%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_Antique1.jpg/250px-Arles%2CTh%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_Antique1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Arles%2CTh%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_Antique1.jpg/330px-Arles%2CTh%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_Antique1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Arles%2CTh%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_Antique1.jpg/500px-Arles%2CTh%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_Antique1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="1728" /></a><figcaption>Gallo-Roman theatre.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Les_Alyscamps.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Les_Alyscamps.JPG/220px-Les_Alyscamps.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Les_Alyscamps.JPG/330px-Les_Alyscamps.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Les_Alyscamps.JPG/440px-Les_Alyscamps.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3600" data-file-height="2400" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Alyscamps" title="Alyscamps">The Alyscamps</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Arles has important Roman remnants, most of which have been listed as <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a> <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">World Heritage Sites</a> since 1981 within the <a href="/wiki/Arles,_Roman_and_Romanesque_Monuments" title="Arles, Roman and Romanesque Monuments">Arles, Roman and Romanesque Monuments</a> group. They include: </p> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Roman_Theatre_of_Arles" title="Roman Theatre of Arles">Roman Theatre of Arles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arles_Amphitheatre" title="Arles Amphitheatre">The arena or amphitheatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alyscamps" title="Alyscamps">The Alyscamps</a> (Roman <a href="/wiki/Necropolis" title="Necropolis">necropolis</a>)</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Thermae" title="Thermae">Thermae</a> of Constantine</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Cryptoporticus" title="Cryptoporticus">cryptoporticus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ob%C3%A9lisque_d%27Arles" title="Obélisque d'Arles">Arles Obelisk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbegal_aqueduct_and_mill" class="mw-redirect" title="Barbegal aqueduct and mill">Barbegal aqueduct and mill</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Church_of_St._Trophime" class="mw-redirect" title="Church of St. Trophime">Church of St. Trophime</a> (<a href="/wiki/Saint_Trophimus" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Trophimus">Saint Trophimus</a>), formerly a cathedral, is a major work of <a href="/wiki/Romanesque_architecture" title="Romanesque architecture">Romanesque architecture</a>, and the representation of the <a href="/wiki/Last_Judgment" title="Last Judgment">Last Judgment</a> on its portal is considered one of the finest examples of Romanesque sculpture, as are the columns in the adjacent <a href="/wiki/Cloister" title="Cloister">cloister</a>.</li></ul> <p>The town also has a museum of ancient history, the <a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_de_l%27Arles_et_de_la_Provence_antiques" class="mw-redirect" title="Musée de l'Arles et de la Provence antiques">Musée de l'Arles et de la Provence antiques</a>, with one of the best collections of Roman <a href="/wiki/Sarcophagi" class="mw-redirect" title="Sarcophagi">sarcophagi</a> to be found anywhere outside Rome itself. Other museums include the <a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_R%C3%A9attu" title="Musée Réattu">Musée Réattu</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Museon_Arlaten" title="Museon Arlaten">Museon Arlaten</a>. </p><p>The courtyard of the Old Arles hospital, now named "Espace Van Gogh," is a center for Vincent van Gogh's works, several of which are masterpieces.<sup id="cite_ref-Fodor_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fodor-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The garden, framed on all four sides by buildings of the complex, is approached through arcades on the first floor. A circulation gallery is located on the first and second floors.<sup id="cite_ref-ArlesTourism_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ArlesTourism-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/LUMA_Tower" title="LUMA Tower">LUMA Tower</a> is a 56-meter tall construction, the center of the <a href="/wiki/LUMA_Arles" title="LUMA Arles">LUMA Arles</a> arts center. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Archaeology">Archaeology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arles&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Archaeology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Presumed_bust_of_caesar-RHO.2007.05.1939-IMG_9291-gradient.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Presumed_bust_of_caesar-RHO.2007.05.1939-IMG_9291-gradient.jpg/250px-Presumed_bust_of_caesar-RHO.2007.05.1939-IMG_9291-gradient.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Presumed_bust_of_caesar-RHO.2007.05.1939-IMG_9291-gradient.jpg/330px-Presumed_bust_of_caesar-RHO.2007.05.1939-IMG_9291-gradient.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Presumed_bust_of_caesar-RHO.2007.05.1939-IMG_9291-gradient.jpg/500px-Presumed_bust_of_caesar-RHO.2007.05.1939-IMG_9291-gradient.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5000" data-file-height="5000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Arles_portrait_bust" class="mw-redirect" title="Arles portrait bust">Arles portrait bust</a></figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Arles_portrait_bust" class="mw-redirect" title="Arles portrait bust">Arles portrait bust</a></div> <p>In September–October 2007, divers led by Lucas Longas from the French Department of Subaquatic Archaeological Research, headed by Michel L'Hour, discovered a life-sized marble bust of an apparently important Roman person in the <a href="/wiki/Rh%C3%B4ne" title="Rhône">Rhône</a> near Arles, together with smaller statues of <a href="/wiki/Marsyas" title="Marsyas">Marsyas</a> in Hellenistic style and of the god <a href="/wiki/Neptune_(mythology)" title="Neptune (mythology)">Neptune</a> from the third century AD. The larger bust was tentatively dated to 46 BC. Since the bust displayed several characteristics of an ageing person with wrinkles, deep naso-labial creases and hollows in his face, and since the archaeologists believed that <a href="/wiki/Julius_Caesar" title="Julius Caesar">Julius Caesar</a> had founded the colony <i>Colonia Iulia Paterna Arelate Sextanorum</i> in 46 BC, the scientists came to the preliminary conclusion that the bust depicted a life-portrait of the Roman dictator: France's Minister of Culture <a href="/wiki/Christine_Albanel" title="Christine Albanel">Christine Albanel</a> reported on 13 May 2008 that the bust would be the oldest representation of Caesar known today.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The story was picked up by all larger media outlets.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The realism of the portrait was said to place it in the tradition of late Republican portrait and genre sculptures. The archaeologists further claimed that a bust of Julius Caesar might have been thrown away or discreetly disposed of, because Caesar's portraits could have been viewed as politically dangerous possessions after the dictator's assassination. </p><p>Historians and archaeologists not affiliated with the French administration, among them Paul Zanker, an archaeologist and expert on Caesar and <a href="/wiki/Augustus" title="Augustus">Augustus</a>, were quick to question whether the bust is a portrait of Caesar.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many noted the lack of resemblances to Caesar's likenesses issued on coins during the last years of the dictator's life, and to the <a href="/wiki/Tusculum" title="Tusculum">Tusculum</a> bust of Caesar,<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which depicts Julius Caesar in his lifetime, either as a so-called <i>zeitgesicht</i> or as a direct portrait. After a further stylistic assessment, Zanker dated the Arles-bust to the Augustan period. Elkins argued for the third century AD as the <i>terminus post quem</i> for the deposition of the statues, refuting the claim that the bust was thrown away due to feared repercussions from Caesar's assassination in 44 BC.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The main argument by the French archaeologists that Caesar had founded the colony in 46 BC proved to be incorrect, as the colony was founded by Caesar's former <a href="/wiki/Quaestor" title="Quaestor">quaestor</a> <a href="/wiki/Tiberius_Claudius_Nero_(father_of_Tiberius_Caesar)" title="Tiberius Claudius Nero (father of Tiberius Caesar)">Tiberius Claudius Nero</a> on the dictator's orders in his absence.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Mary_Beard_(classicist)" title="Mary Beard (classicist)">Mary Beard</a> has accused the persons involved in the find of having willfully invented their claims for publicity reasons. The French ministry of culture has not yet responded to the criticism and negative reviews. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sport">Sport</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arles&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Sport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/AC_Arles-Avignon" class="mw-redirect" title="AC Arles-Avignon">AC Arles-Avignon</a> was a professional French football team. They previously played in Championnat de France Amateur, the fourth division in French football, but were dissolved in 2016. They play at the <a href="/wiki/Parc_des_Sports_(Avignon)" title="Parc des Sports (Avignon)">Parc des Sports</a>, which has a capacity of just over 17,000. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arles&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vincent_van_Gogh_(1853-1890)_Caf%C3%A9terras_bij_nacht_(place_du_Forum)_Kr%C3%B6ller-M%C3%BCller_Museum_Otterlo_23-8-2016_13-35-40.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Vincent_van_Gogh_%281853-1890%29_Caf%C3%A9terras_bij_nacht_%28place_du_Forum%29_Kr%C3%B6ller-M%C3%BCller_Museum_Otterlo_23-8-2016_13-35-40.JPG/170px-Vincent_van_Gogh_%281853-1890%29_Caf%C3%A9terras_bij_nacht_%28place_du_Forum%29_Kr%C3%B6ller-M%C3%BCller_Museum_Otterlo_23-8-2016_13-35-40.JPG" decoding="async" width="170" height="212" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Vincent_van_Gogh_%281853-1890%29_Caf%C3%A9terras_bij_nacht_%28place_du_Forum%29_Kr%C3%B6ller-M%C3%BCller_Museum_Otterlo_23-8-2016_13-35-40.JPG/255px-Vincent_van_Gogh_%281853-1890%29_Caf%C3%A9terras_bij_nacht_%28place_du_Forum%29_Kr%C3%B6ller-M%C3%BCller_Museum_Otterlo_23-8-2016_13-35-40.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Vincent_van_Gogh_%281853-1890%29_Caf%C3%A9terras_bij_nacht_%28place_du_Forum%29_Kr%C3%B6ller-M%C3%BCller_Museum_Otterlo_23-8-2016_13-35-40.JPG/340px-Vincent_van_Gogh_%281853-1890%29_Caf%C3%A9terras_bij_nacht_%28place_du_Forum%29_Kr%C3%B6ller-M%C3%BCller_Museum_Otterlo_23-8-2016_13-35-40.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2864" data-file-height="3568" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/Cafe_Terrace_at_Night" class="mw-redirect" title="Cafe Terrace at Night">Cafe Terrace at Night</a></i> by Vincent van Gogh (September 1888), depicts the warmth of a café in Arles.</figcaption></figure> <p>A well known photography festival, <a href="/wiki/Rencontres_d%27Arles" title="Rencontres d'Arles">Rencontres d'Arles</a>, takes place in Arles every year,<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the French national school of photography is located there. </p><p>The major French publishing house Actes Sud is also situated in Arles. </p><p>In the past years, several cultural organizations have set up a presence in Arles, such as the <a href="/wiki/LUMA_Foundation" title="LUMA Foundation">LUMA Foundation</a>, the <i><a href="/wiki/Fondation_Vincent_van_Gogh_Arles" title="Fondation Vincent van Gogh Arles">Fondation Vincent van Gogh Arles</a></i>, the <a href="/wiki/Manuel_Rivera-Ortiz_Foundation" class="mw-redirect" title="Manuel Rivera-Ortiz Foundation">Manuel Rivera-Ortiz Foundation</a> or the <a href="/wiki/Lee_Ufan" title="Lee Ufan">Lee Ufan</a> Foundation.<sup id="cite_ref-larpenteur_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-larpenteur-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On top of that, there are countless galleries scattered throughout the city. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Bullfighting" title="Bullfighting">Bullfights</a> are conducted in the <a href="/wiki/Arles_Amphitheatre" title="Arles Amphitheatre">amphitheatre</a>, including Provençal-style bullfights (<i>courses camarguaises</i>) in which the bull is not killed, but rather a team of athletic men attempt to remove a tassle from the bull's horn without getting injured. Every Easter and on the first weekend of September, during the <a href="/wiki/Feria_d%27Arles" title="Feria d'Arles">feria</a>, Arles also holds Spanish-style <i><a href="/wiki/Bullfighting" title="Bullfighting">corridas</a></i> (in which the bulls are killed) with an <i><a href="/wiki/Encierro" class="mw-redirect" title="Encierro">encierro</a></i> (bull-running in the streets) preceding each fight. </p><p>Parts of the films <i><a href="/wiki/Ronin_(movie)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ronin (movie)">Ronin</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/At_Eternity%27s_Gate_(film)" title="At Eternity's Gate (film)">At Eternity's Gate</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Taxi_3" title="Taxi 3">Taxi 3</a></i> were filmed in Arles.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="European_Capital_of_Culture">European Capital of Culture</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arles&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: European Capital of Culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Arles played a major role in <a href="/wiki/Marseille-Provence_2013" title="Marseille-Provence 2013">Marseille-Provence 2013</a>, the year-long series of cultural events held in the region after it was designated the <a href="/wiki/European_Capital_of_Culture" title="European Capital of Culture">European Capital of Culture</a> for 2013. The city hosted a segment of the opening ceremony with a pyrotechnical performance by Groupe F on the banks of the Rhône. It also unveiled the new wing of the Musée Départemental Arles Antique as part of Marseille-Provence 2013. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arles&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Arles's open-air street market is a major market in the region. It takes place on Saturday and Wednesday mornings. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transport">Transport</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arles&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Transport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fa%C3%A7ade_de_la_gare_d%27Arles.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Fa%C3%A7ade_de_la_gare_d%27Arles.jpg/220px-Fa%C3%A7ade_de_la_gare_d%27Arles.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Fa%C3%A7ade_de_la_gare_d%27Arles.jpg/330px-Fa%C3%A7ade_de_la_gare_d%27Arles.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Fa%C3%A7ade_de_la_gare_d%27Arles.jpg/440px-Fa%C3%A7ade_de_la_gare_d%27Arles.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3968" data-file-height="2232" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Gare_d%27Arles" class="mw-redirect" title="Gare d'Arles">Gare d'Arles</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Gare_d%27Arles" class="mw-redirect" title="Gare d'Arles">Gare d'Arles</a> railway station offers connections to <a href="/wiki/Avignon" title="Avignon">Avignon</a>, <a href="/wiki/N%C3%AEmes" title="Nîmes">Nîmes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marseille" title="Marseille">Marseille</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bordeaux" title="Bordeaux">Bordeaux</a> and several regional destinations. </p><p>Arles does not have its own commercial airport, but is served by a number of airports in the region, most notably the major international airport of <a href="/wiki/Marseille_Provence_Airport" title="Marseille Provence Airport">Marseille Provence</a> approximately an hour's drive away. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/A54_autoroute" title="A54 autoroute">A54 autoroute</a> toll motorway, which locally connects <a href="/wiki/Salon-de-Provence" title="Salon-de-Provence">Salon-de-Provence</a> with <a href="/wiki/N%C3%AEmes" title="Nîmes">Nîmes</a> and in a wider sense forms part of <a href="/wiki/European_route_E80" title="European route E80">European route E80</a>, passes by Arles. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:P1060573_Arles_port_rwk.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/P1060573_Arles_port_rwk.jpg/250px-P1060573_Arles_port_rwk.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/P1060573_Arles_port_rwk.jpg/330px-P1060573_Arles_port_rwk.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/P1060573_Arles_port_rwk.jpg/500px-P1060573_Arles_port_rwk.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="977" /></a><figcaption>Port of Arles.</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Rh%C3%B4ne" title="Rhône">Rhône</a>, which for navigation purposes is classified as a <a href="/wiki/Classification_of_European_Inland_Waterways" title="Classification of European Inland Waterways">Class V waterway</a> as far upstream as <a href="/wiki/Lyon" title="Lyon">Lyon</a>, is a historically important transport route connecting the inland <a href="/wiki/Rh%C3%B4ne-Alpes" title="Rhône-Alpes">Rhône-Alpes</a> region with the <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_Sea" title="Mediterranean Sea">Mediterranean Sea</a>. The port of Arles and its adjacent rail and road connections provides a major <a href="/wiki/Transshipment" title="Transshipment">transshipment</a> node, which in 2013 handled approximately 450,000 tonnes of goods.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_people">Notable people</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arles&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Notable people"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vincent_van_Gogh,_Ploughman_in_the_Fields_near_Arles,_1888,_NGA_76291.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="pen and ink drawing of a ploughman in a field near Arles, by Vincent Van Gogh" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Vincent_van_Gogh%2C_Ploughman_in_the_Fields_near_Arles%2C_1888%2C_NGA_76291.jpg/220px-Vincent_van_Gogh%2C_Ploughman_in_the_Fields_near_Arles%2C_1888%2C_NGA_76291.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Vincent_van_Gogh%2C_Ploughman_in_the_Fields_near_Arles%2C_1888%2C_NGA_76291.jpg/330px-Vincent_van_Gogh%2C_Ploughman_in_the_Fields_near_Arles%2C_1888%2C_NGA_76291.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Vincent_van_Gogh%2C_Ploughman_in_the_Fields_near_Arles%2C_1888%2C_NGA_76291.jpg/440px-Vincent_van_Gogh%2C_Ploughman_in_the_Fields_near_Arles%2C_1888%2C_NGA_76291.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="2980" /></a><figcaption><i>Ploughman in the Fields near Arles</i> (1888) by Vincent Van Gogh, <a href="/wiki/National_Gallery_of_Art" title="National Gallery of Art">National Gallery of Art</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li>Nicolas Reyes, <a href="/wiki/Gipsy_Kings" title="Gipsy Kings">Gipsy Kings</a> musician.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Adrian_IV" title="Pope Adrian IV">Nicholas Breakspear</a>, the English born <a href="/wiki/Pope" title="Pope">pope</a> was educated in the town.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques-Marie_d%27Amboise" title="Jacques-Marie d'Amboise">Jacques-Marie d'Amboise</a> (1538-1611), French hellenist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerson_ben_Solomon_Catalan" title="Gerson ben Solomon Catalan">Gerson ben Solomon Catalan</a>, 13th century <a href="/wiki/Hebrews" title="Hebrews">Hebrew</a> encyclopedist and scientist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalonymus_ben_Kalonymus" title="Kalonymus ben Kalonymus">Kalonymus ben Kalonymus</a> (1286-1328), Jewish scholar and philosopher, Arles born, active during the Middle Ages.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isma%C3%ABl_Bennacer" title="Ismaël Bennacer">Ismaël Bennacer</a> (1997-), footballer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jenny_Berthelius" title="Jenny Berthelius">Jenny Berthelius</a> (1923-2019), Swedish crime novelist and children's writer, lived in Arles<sup id="cite_ref-nordicwomensliterature.net_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nordicwomensliterature.net-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caesarius_of_Arles" title="Caesarius of Arles">Saint Caesarius of Arles</a>, bishop who lived from the late 5th to the mid 6th century, known for prophecy and writings that would later be used by theologians such as St. Thomas Aquinas</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeanne_Calment" title="Jeanne Calment">Jeanne Calment</a> (1875–1997), the <a href="/wiki/Oldest_people" title="Oldest people">oldest human being</a> whose age is documented, was born, lived, died (aged 122 years and 164 days) and was buried, in Arles</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djibril_Ciss%C3%A9" title="Djibril Cissé">Djibril Cissé</a> (1981-), footballer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucien_Clergue" title="Lucien Clergue">Lucien Clergue</a> (1934-2014), photographer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne-Marie_David" title="Anne-Marie David">Anne-Marie David</a>, singer (Eurovision winner in <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1973" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1973">1973</a>)</li> <li>The medieval writer <a href="/wiki/Antoine_de_la_Sale" title="Antoine de la Sale">Antoine de la Sale</a> was probably born in Arles around 1386</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoine_de_Seguiran" title="Antoine de Seguiran">Antoine de Seguiran</a>, 18th-century <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A9distes" title="Encyclopédistes">encyclopédiste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beatification" title="Beatification">Blessed</a> <a href="/wiki/Jean_Marie_du_Lau" title="Jean Marie du Lau">Jean Marie du Lau</a>, last <a href="/wiki/Archbishop_of_Arles" class="mw-redirect" title="Archbishop of Arles">Archbishop of Arles</a>, killed by the revolutionary mob in Paris on 2 September 1792</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laure_Favre-Kahn" title="Laure Favre-Kahn">Laure Favre-Kahn</a> (born 1976), classical pianist</li> <li>Home of the <a href="/wiki/Gipsy_Kings" title="Gipsy Kings">Gipsy Kings</a>, a music group from Arles</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ga%C3%ABl_Givet" title="Gaël Givet">Gaël Givet</a> (born 1981), footballer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genesius_of_Arles" title="Genesius of Arles">Genesius of Arles</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Civil_law_notary" title="Civil law notary">notary</a> <a href="/wiki/Martyred" class="mw-redirect" title="Martyred">martyred</a> under <a href="/wiki/Maximian" title="Maximian">Maximianus</a> in 303 or 308</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luc_Hoffmann" title="Luc Hoffmann">Luc Hoffmann</a>, ornithologist, conservationist and philanthropist.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maja_Hoffmann" title="Maja Hoffmann">Maja Hoffmann</a>, art patron</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_ibn_Tibbon" title="Samuel ibn Tibbon">Samuel ibn Tibbon</a>, Jewish translator and scholar during the Middle Ages.</li> <li>Juan Bautista (real name Jean-Baptiste Jalabert), <a href="/wiki/Matador" class="mw-redirect" title="Matador">matador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Lacroix" title="Christian Lacroix">Christian Lacroix</a> (born 1951), fashion designer</li> <li>The Provençal poet <a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Mistral" title="Frédéric Mistral">Frédéric Mistral</a> (1830–1914) was born near Arles</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lloyd_Palun" title="Lloyd Palun">Lloyd Palun</a> (born 1988), footballer</li> <li>Major-General <a href="/wiki/Hugh_Anthony_Prince" title="Hugh Anthony Prince">Hugh Anthony Prince</a>, CBE, Indian Army and British Army officer</li> <li>Mehdi Savalli, matador</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fanny_Valette" title="Fanny Valette">Fanny Valette</a> (born 1986), actress</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vincent_van_Gogh" title="Vincent van Gogh">Vincent van Gogh</a>, lived here from February 1888 until May 1889.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Favorinus" title="Favorinus">Favorinus</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Twin_towns_–_sister_cities"><span id="Twin_towns_.E2.80.93_sister_cities"></span>Twin towns – sister cities</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arles&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Twin towns – sister cities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_twin_towns_and_sister_cities_in_France" title="List of twin towns and sister cities in France">List of twin towns and sister cities in France</a></div> <p>Arles is <a href="/wiki/Sister_city" title="Sister city">twinned</a> with:<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany"><img alt="Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Fulda" title="Fulda">Fulda</a>, Germany</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain"><img alt="Spain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/40px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/60px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Jerez_de_la_Frontera" title="Jerez de la Frontera">Jerez de la Frontera</a>, Spain</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece"><img alt="Greece" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/40px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/60px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Kalymnos" title="Kalymnos">Kalymnos</a>, Greece</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia"><img alt="Russia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Pskov" title="Pskov">Pskov</a>, Russia</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Mauritania" title="Mauritania"><img alt="Mauritania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Flag_of_Mauritania.svg/40px-Flag_of_Mauritania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Flag_of_Mauritania.svg/60px-Flag_of_Mauritania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Sagne,_Mauritania" title="Sagne, Mauritania">Sagne</a>, Mauritania</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy"><img alt="Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/40px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/60px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Vercelli" title="Vercelli">Vercelli</a>, Italy</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium"><img alt="Belgium" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/60px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Verviers" title="Verviers">Verviers</a>, Belgium</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/England" title="England"><img alt="England" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/23px-Flag_of_England.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/35px-Flag_of_England.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/46px-Flag_of_England.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="480" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Wisbech" title="Wisbech">Wisbech</a>, England, United Kingdom</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/York,_Pennsylvania" title="York, Pennsylvania">York</a>, United States</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia"><img alt="Malaysia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/George_Town,_Penang" title="George Town, Penang">George Town</a>, Malaysia</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_pop-culture">In pop-culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arles&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: In pop-culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>The colosseum in Arles was the setting for a tense series of scenes in the <a href="/wiki/Ronin_(film)" title="Ronin (film)">film <i>Ronin</i> (1998)</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arles&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Communes_of_the_Bouches-du-Rh%C3%B4ne_department" title="Communes of the Bouches-du-Rhône department">Communes of the Bouches-du-Rhône department</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Arles" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Arles">Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Arles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%27Arl%C3%A9sienne_(Bizet)" title="L'Arlésienne (Bizet)"><i>L'Arlésienne</i> ("Woman of Arles")</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Langlois_Bridge" title="Langlois Bridge">Langlois Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montmajour_Abbey" title="Montmajour Abbey">Montmajour Abbey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-C%C3%A9saire_Convent" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint-Césaire Convent">Saint-Césaire Convent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinquetaille" title="Trinquetaille">Trinquetaille</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Venus_of_Arles" title="Venus of Arles">Venus of Arles</a></i></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Citations">Citations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arles&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output 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title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=data.gouv.fr%2C+Plateforme+ouverte+des+donn%C3%A9es+publiques+fran%C3%A7aises&rft.atitle=R%C3%A9pertoire+national+des+%C3%A9lus%3A+les+maires&rft.date=2020-12-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.data.gouv.fr%2Ffr%2Fdatasets%2Fr%2F2876a346-d50c-4911-934e-19ee07b0e503&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArles" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-popref2022-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-popref2022_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/8288323?geo=COM-13004">"Populations de référence 2022"</a> (in French). <a href="/wiki/Institut_national_de_la_statistique_et_des_%C3%A9tudes_%C3%A9conomiques" title="Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques">The National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies</a>. 19 December 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Populations+de+r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence+2022&rft.pub=The+National+Institute+of+Statistics+and+Economic+Studies&rft.date=2024-12-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.insee.fr%2Ffr%2Fstatistiques%2F8288323%3Fgeo%3DCOM-13004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArles" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="Reference-AHD-Arles" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=Arles">"Arles"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_American_Heritage_Dictionary_of_the_English_Language" title="The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language">The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language</a></i> (5th ed.). HarperCollins<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 June</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Arles&rft.btitle=The+American+Heritage+Dictionary+of+the+English+Language&rft.edition=5th&rft.pub=HarperCollins&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ahdictionary.com%2Fword%2Fsearch.html%3Fq%3DArles&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArles" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/arles">"Arles"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Collins_English_Dictionary" title="Collins English Dictionary">Collins English Dictionary</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/HarperCollins" title="HarperCollins">HarperCollins</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 June</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Collins+English+Dictionary&rft.atitle=Arles&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.collinsdictionary.com%2Fdictionary%2Fenglish%2Farles&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArles" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190606152106/https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/us/Arles">"Arles"</a> (US) and <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200322182316/https://www.lexico.com/definition/arles">"Arles"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Lexico" title="Lexico">Lexico</a> UK English Dictionary</i>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lexico.com/definition/Arles">the original</a> on 22 March 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Arles&rft.btitle=Lexico+UK+English+Dictionary&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lexico.com%2Fdefinition%2FArles&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArles" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/Arles">"Arles"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Merriam-Webster" title="Merriam-Webster">Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary</a></i>. Merriam-Webster<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 June</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Merriam-Webster.com+Dictionary&rft.atitle=Arles&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.merriam-webster.com%2Fdictionary%2FArles&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArles" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-unesco-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-unesco_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/164">"Arles, Roman and Romanesque Monuments"</a>. <i>UNESCO World Heritage Centre</i>. United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 October</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UNESCO+World+Heritage+Centre&rft.atitle=Arles%2C+Roman+and+Romanesque+Monuments&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwhc.unesco.org%2Fen%2Flist%2F164&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArles" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.studiosofthesouth.com/73901/74801.html">"Painters in Arles"</a>. Studios of the South<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 December</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Painters+in+Arles&rft.pub=Studios+of+the+South&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.studiosofthesouth.com%2F73901%2F74801.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArles" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENègre1990116-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENègre1990116_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNègre1990">Nègre 1990</a>, p. 116.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDelamarre2003197-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDelamarre2003197_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDelamarre2003">Delamarre 2003</a>, p. 197.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/sep/03/its-exactly-like-a-puzzle-experts-on-piecing-together-roman-fresco-find">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'It's exactly like a puzzle': experts on piecing together Roman fresco find"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i>. 3 September 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 June</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=%27It%27s+exactly+like+a+puzzle%27%3A+experts+on+piecing+together+Roman+fresco+find&rft.date=2021-09-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2021%2Fsep%2F03%2Fits-exactly-like-a-puzzle-experts-on-piecing-together-roman-fresco-find&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArles" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFischerVictor" class="citation web cs1">Fischer, Svante; Victor, Helena. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/1166147">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"The Fall and Decline of the Roman Urban Mind"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%22The+Fall+and+Decline+of+the+Roman+Urban+Mind%22&rft.aulast=Fischer&rft.aufirst=Svante&rft.au=Victor%2C+Helena&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F1166147&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArles" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=nyQVAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA78">Rick Steves's Provence & the French Riviera</a></i>, p. 78, at <a href="/wiki/Google_Books" title="Google Books">Google Books</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ZmA18QOiBUUC&pg=PA1173">Nelson's Dictionary of Christianity: The Authoritative Resource on the Christian World</a></i>, p. 1173, at <a href="/wiki/Google_Books" title="Google Books">Google Books</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=wZqSDRP6vuoC&pg=PA81">Provence</a></i>, p. 81, at <a href="/wiki/Google_Books" title="Google Books">Google Books</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ccel.org/ccel/wace/biodict/biodict/Page_Index.html">"Christian Classics Ethereal Library"</a>. <i>ccel.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 June</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ccel.org&rft.atitle=Christian+Classics+Ethereal+Library&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ccel.org%2Fccel%2Fwace%2Fbiodict%2Fbiodict%2FPage_Index.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArles" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGreene2000" class="citation journal cs1">Greene, Kevin (2000). "Technological Innovation and Economic Progress in the Ancient World: M.I. Finley Re-Considered". <i>The Economic History Review</i>. New Series. <b>53</b> (1): 29–59 [p. 39]. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2F1468-0289.00151">10.1111/1468-0289.00151</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/10.1111%2F1468-0289.00151">10.1111/1468-0289.00151</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Economic+History+Review&rft.atitle=Technological+Innovation+and+Economic+Progress+in+the+Ancient+World%3A+M.I.+Finley+Re-Considered&rft.volume=53&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=29-59+p.+39&rft.date=2000&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F10.1111%2F1468-0289.00151&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2F1468-0289.00151&rft.aulast=Greene&rft.aufirst=Kevin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArles" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131206194648/http://www.patrimoine.ville-arles.fr/arles/ville.cfm?action=edifice_histoire&id=95">"Ville d'Histoire et de Patrimoine"</a>. Patrimoine.ville-arles.fr. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.patrimoine.ville-arles.fr/arles/ville.cfm?action=edifice_histoire&id=95">the original</a> on 6 December 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 March</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ville+d%27Histoire+et+de+Patrimoine&rft.pub=Patrimoine.ville-arles.fr&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.patrimoine.ville-arles.fr%2Farles%2Fville.cfm%3Faction%3Dedifice_histoire%26id%3D95&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArles" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070117123744/http://www.etab.ac-caen.fr/lescourtils/provence/barbegal.htm">"La meunerie de Barbegal"</a>. Etab.ac-caen.fr. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.etab.ac-caen.fr/lescourtils/provence/barbegal.htm">the original</a> on 17 January 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 March</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=La+meunerie+de+Barbegal&rft.pub=Etab.ac-caen.fr&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.etab.ac-caen.fr%2Flescourtils%2Fprovence%2Fbarbegal.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArles" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELewis196548-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELewis196548_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLewis1965">Lewis 1965</a>, p. 48.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081126234331/http://www.patrimoine.ville-arles.fr/arles/ville.cfm?action=edifice&id=20">"Hôtel de Ville d'Arles"</a>. Patrimoine de le ville d'Arles. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.patrimoine.ville-arles.fr/arles/ville.cfm?action=edifice&id=20">the original</a> on 26 November 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=H%C3%B4tel+de+Ville+d%27Arles&rft.pub=Patrimoine+de+le+ville+d%27Arles&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.patrimoine.ville-arles.fr%2Farles%2Fville.cfm%3Faction%3Dedifice%26id%3D20&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArles" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/1784-arles">"ARLES"</a>. <i>Jewishencyclopedia.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 June</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Jewishencyclopedia.com&rft.atitle=ARLES&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjewishencyclopedia.com%2Farticles%2F1784-arles&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArles" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fr.climate-data.org/europe/france/provence-alpes-cote-d-azur/arles-7789/">"Climat Arles: Température moyenne Arles, diagramme climatique pour Arles - Climate-Data.org"</a>. <i>fr.climate-data.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 January</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=fr.climate-data.org&rft.atitle=Climat+Arles%3A+Temp%C3%A9rature+moyenne+Arles%2C+diagramme+climatique+pour+Arles+-+Climate-Data.org&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffr.climate-data.org%2Feurope%2Ffrance%2Fprovence-alpes-cote-d-azur%2Farles-7789%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArles" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The table contains the temperatures and precipitation of the city of Arles for the period 1948-1999, extracted from the site <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080502175825/http://sophy.u-3mrs.fr/poscli/B118.html">Sophy.u-3mrs.fr</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180330193421/https://donneespubliques.meteofrance.fr/FichesClim/FICHECLIM_13004003.pdf">"Arles (13)"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Fiche Climatologique: Statistiques 1981–2010 et records</i> (in French). Meteo France. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://donneespubliques.meteofrance.fr/FichesClim/FICHECLIM_13004003.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 30 March 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 March</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Fiche+Climatologique%3A+Statistiques+1981%E2%80%932010+et+records&rft.atitle=Arles+%2813%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdonneespubliques.meteofrance.fr%2FFichesClim%2FFICHECLIM_13004003.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArles" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ehess-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ehess_26-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ehess_26-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Des villages de Cassini aux communes d'aujourd'hui</i>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cassini.ehess.fr/fr/html/fiche.php?select_resultat=1256">Commune data sheet Arles</a>, <a href="/wiki/School_for_Advanced_Studies_in_the_Social_Sciences" title="School for Advanced Studies in the Social Sciences">EHESS</a> <span class="languageicon">(in French)</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pophist-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pophist_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/4515315?geo=COM-13004#ancre-POP_T1">Population en historique depuis 1968</a>, INSEE</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fodor-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Fodor_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Fisher, R, ed (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=jcxmw4ODZlcC">Fodor's France 2011</a>. Toronto and New York: Fodor's Travel, division of Random House. p. 563 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4000-0473-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4000-0473-7">978-1-4000-0473-7</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ArlesTourism-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ArlesTourism_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110904084118/http://www.arles-tourisme.com/en_GB/Ville_lieuxAVisiter.aspx?Part=Arles">"Espace Van Gogh"</a>. Visiter, Places of Interest. Arles Office de Tourisme. Retrieved 2011-04-29.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.culture.gouv.fr/culture/actualites/communiq/albanel/cesarles08.htm">Original communiqué</a> (13 May 2008); <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.culture.gouv.fr/culture/actualites/communiq/albanel/arles200508.htm">second communiqué</a> (20 May 2008); <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.culture.gouv.fr/culture/actualites/index-com.html">report</a> (20 May 2008)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">E.g.<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080605231523/http://www.cnn.com/2008/WORLD/europe/05/14/caesar.bust.ap/index.html">"Divers find marble bust of Caesar that may date to 46 B.C."</a> <i><a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cnn.com/2008/WORLD/europe/05/14/caesar.bust.ap/index.html">the original</a> on 5 June 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 May</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=Divers+find+marble+bust+of+Caesar+that+may+date+to+46+B.C.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2008%2FWORLD%2Feurope%2F05%2F14%2Fcaesar.bust.ap%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArles" class="Z3988"></span>, CNN-Online <i>et al.</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://programmes.france3.fr/des-racines-et-des-ailes/index-fr.php?page=emission&id_article=89">Video (QuickTime)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080528215723/http://programmes.france3.fr/des-racines-et-des-ailes/index-fr.php?page=emission&id_article=89">Archived</a> 28 May 2008 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> on the archaeological find (France 3)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Paul Zanker, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sueddeutsche.de/,ra16m1/wissen/special/67/174544/index.html/wissen/artikel/74/176540/article.html">"Der Echte war energischer, distanzierter, ironischer"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080529012528/http://www.sueddeutsche.de/%2Cra16m1/wissen/special/67/174544/index.html/wissen/artikel/74/176540/article.html">Archived</a> 29 May 2008 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i>Sueddeutsche Zeitung</i>, 25 May 2008, on-line</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Mary_Beard_(classicist)" title="Mary Beard (classicist)">Mary Beard</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://timesonline.typepad.com/dons_life/2008/05/the-face-of-jul.html">"The face of Julius Caesar? Come off it!"</a>, <a href="/wiki/Times_Literary_Supplement" class="mw-redirect" title="Times Literary Supplement"><i>TLS</i></a>, 14 May 2008, on-line <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090321124022/http://timesonline.typepad.com/dons_life/2008/05/the-face-of-jul.html">Archived</a> 21 March 2009 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Nathan T. Elkins, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://coinarchaeology.blogspot.com/2008/05/oldest-bust-of-julius-caesar-found-in.html">'Oldest Bust' of Julius Caesar found in France?</a>, 14 May 2008, on-line</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cp. this <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aeria.phil.uni-erlangen.de/photo_html/portraet/roemisch/republik/benannt/caesar/caesar5.JPG">image</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081218040911/http://www.aeria.phil.uni-erlangen.de/photo_html/portraet/roemisch/republik/benannt/caesar/caesar5.JPG">Archived</a> 18 December 2008 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> at the <i>AERIA</i> library</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">A different approach was presented by Mary Beard, in that members of a military Caesarian colony would not have discarded portraits of Caesar, whom they worshipped as god, although statues were in fact destroyed by the Anti-Caesarians in the city of Rome after Caesar's assassination (<a href="/wiki/Appian" title="Appian">Appian</a>, <i>BC</i> III.1.9).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Konrat Ziegler & Walther Sontheimer (eds.), "Arelate", in <i>Der Kleine Pauly: Lexikon der Antike</i>, Vol. 1, col. 525, Munich 1979; in 46 BC, Caesar himself was campaigning in Africa, before later returning to Rome.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rencontres-arles.com/">"Les Rencontres d'Arles - About the Festival"</a>. <i>Rencontres-arles.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20020419070640/http://www.rencontres-arles.com:80/">Archived</a> from the original on 19 April 2002<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 August</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Rencontres-arles.com&rft.atitle=Les+Rencontres+d%27Arles+-+About+the+Festival&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rencontres-arles.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArles" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-larpenteur-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-larpenteur_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://scerri6.wixsite.com/lartpenteur/single-post/2018/01/06/Arles-Lee-Ufan">"Arles: Lee Ufan va créer une nouvelle fondation d'art contemporain"</a>. L'AR(T)PENTEUR. 6 January 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 May</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Arles%3A+Lee+Ufan+va+cr%C3%A9er+une+nouvelle+fondation+d%27art+contemporain&rft.pub=L%27AR%28T%29PENTEUR&rft.date=2018-01-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fscerri6.wixsite.com%2Flartpenteur%2Fsingle-post%2F2018%2F01%2F06%2FArles-Lee-Ufan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArles" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.arles.cci.fr/le-port-darles/">"Le port d'Arles"</a>. <i>CCI du Pays d'Arles</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 June</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CCI+du+Pays+d%27Arles&rft.atitle=Le+port+d%27Arles&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.arles.cci.fr%2Fle-port-darles%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArles" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nordicwomensliterature.net-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-nordicwomensliterature.net_42-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nordicwomensliterature.net/writers/berthelius-jenny/">"Berthelius, Jenny"</a>. Nordic Women's Literature<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 November</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Berthelius%2C+Jenny&rft.pub=Nordic+Women%27s+Literature&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnordicwomensliterature.net%2Fwriters%2Fberthelius-jenny%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArles" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ville-arles.fr/mairie/cooperation-mairie/jumelage-mairie/le-jumelage.php">"Le jumelage"</a>. <i>ville-arles.fr</i> (in French). Arles<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 April</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ville-arles.fr&rft.atitle=Le+jumelage&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ville-arles.fr%2Fmairie%2Fcooperation-mairie%2Fjumelage-mairie%2Fle-jumelage.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArles" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="General_bibliography">General bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arles&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: General bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/20px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/40px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span> This article incorporates text from a publication now in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHerbermann1913" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia_(1913)/Archdiocese_of_Aix" class="extiw" title="s:Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Archdiocese of Aix">Archdiocese of Aix</a>". <i><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia" title="Catholic Encyclopedia">Catholic Encyclopedia</a></i>. New York: Robert Appleton Company.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Archdiocese+of+Aix&rft.btitle=Catholic+Encyclopedia&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Robert+Appleton+Company&rft.date=1913&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArles" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDelamarre2003" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Xavier_Delamarre" title="Xavier Delamarre">Delamarre, Xavier</a> (2003). <i>Dictionnaire de la langue gauloise: Une approche linguistique du vieux-celtique continental</i>. Errance. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9782877723695" title="Special:BookSources/9782877723695"><bdi>9782877723695</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dictionnaire+de+la+langue+gauloise%3A+Une+approche+linguistique+du+vieux-celtique+continental&rft.pub=Errance&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=9782877723695&rft.aulast=Delamarre&rft.aufirst=Xavier&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArles" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLewis1965" class="citation book cs1">Lewis, Archibal R. (1965). <i>The Development of Southern French and Catalan Society, 718-1050</i>. University of Texas Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Development+of+Southern+French+and+Catalan+Society%2C+718-1050&rft.pub=University+of+Texas+Press&rft.date=1965&rft.aulast=Lewis&rft.aufirst=Archibal+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArles" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFNègre1990" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ernest_N%C3%A8gre" title="Ernest Nègre">Nègre, Ernest</a> (1990). <i>Toponymie générale de la France</i>. Librairie Droz. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-600-02883-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-600-02883-7"><bdi>978-2-600-02883-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Toponymie+g%C3%A9n%C3%A9rale+de+la+France&rft.pub=Librairie+Droz&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=978-2-600-02883-7&rft.aulast=N%C3%A8gre&rft.aufirst=Ernest&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArles" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arles&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/60px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Arles" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Arles">Arles</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735" /><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/40px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/60px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/120px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikivoyage has a travel guide for <i><b><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Arles#Q48292" class="extiw" title="wikivoyage:Arles">Arles</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060716125257/http://www.tourisme.ville-arles.fr/">Tourist office website</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.arles-guide.com/">Arles City Guide</a> <span class="languageicon">(in English)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.patrimoine.ville-arles.fr/">Arles heritage website</a> <span class="languageicon">(in French)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ville-arles.fr/">Town council website</a> <span class="languageicon">(in French)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vggallery.com/">The Complete Works of Van Gogh, Arles</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080828052706/http://www.claudetravels.altervista.org/VdR/Arles/gal.html">Photogallery of Arles</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.beyond.fr/villages/arles-provence-france.html">Information and photos from ProvenceBeyond website</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070928030138/http://www.oldstratforduponavon.com/arles">Old Postcards of 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style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output 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template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Bouches-du-Rhône&#124;link=Bouches-du-Rhône_Communes_of_the_Bouches-du-Rhône_department376" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bouches-du-Rh%C3%B4ne" title="Bouches-du-Rhône"><img alt="Bouches-du-Rhône" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Proposition_de_drapeau_fr_d%C3%A9partement_Bouches-du-Rh%C3%B4ne.svg/40px-Proposition_de_drapeau_fr_d%C3%A9partement_Bouches-du-Rh%C3%B4ne.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Proposition_de_drapeau_fr_d%C3%A9partement_Bouches-du-Rh%C3%B4ne.svg/60px-Proposition_de_drapeau_fr_d%C3%A9partement_Bouches-du-Rh%C3%B4ne.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1204" data-file-height="797" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Communes_of_the_Bouches-du-Rh%C3%B4ne_department" title="Communes of the Bouches-du-Rhône department">Communes</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Bouches-du-Rh%C3%B4ne" title="Bouches-du-Rhône">Bouches-du-Rhône</a> department</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aix-en-Provence" title="Aix-en-Provence">Aix-en-Provence</a><sup>subpr</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allauch" title="Allauch">Allauch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alleins" title="Alleins">Alleins</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Arles</a><sup>subpr</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aubagne" title="Aubagne">Aubagne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aureille" title="Aureille">Aureille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auriol,_Bouches-du-Rh%C3%B4ne" title="Auriol, Bouches-du-Rhône">Auriol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aurons" title="Aurons">Aurons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Barben" title="La Barben">La Barben</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbentane" title="Barbentane">Barbentane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Les_Baux-de-Provence" title="Les Baux-de-Provence">Les Baux-de-Provence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beaurecueil" title="Beaurecueil">Beaurecueil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belcod%C3%A8ne" title="Belcodène">Belcodène</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berre-l%27%C3%89tang" title="Berre-l'Étang">Berre-l'Étang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bouc-Bel-Air" title="Bouc-Bel-Air">Bouc-Bel-Air</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Bouilladisse" title="La Bouilladisse">La Bouilladisse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boulbon" title="Boulbon">Boulbon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabannes,_Bouches-du-Rh%C3%B4ne" title="Cabannes, Bouches-du-Rhône">Cabannes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabri%C3%A8s" title="Cabriès">Cabriès</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cadolive" title="Cadolive">Cadolive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carnoux-en-Provence" title="Carnoux-en-Provence">Carnoux-en-Provence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carry-le-Rouet" title="Carry-le-Rouet">Carry-le-Rouet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cassis" title="Cassis">Cassis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceyreste" title="Ceyreste">Ceyreste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charleval,_Bouches-du-Rh%C3%B4ne" title="Charleval, Bouches-du-Rhône">Charleval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teauneuf-le-Rouge" title="Châteauneuf-le-Rouge">Châteauneuf-le-Rouge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teauneuf-les-Martigues" title="Châteauneuf-les-Martigues">Châteauneuf-les-Martigues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teaurenard" title="Châteaurenard">Châteaurenard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Ciotat" title="La Ciotat">La Ciotat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornillon-Confoux" title="Cornillon-Confoux">Cornillon-Confoux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coudoux" title="Coudoux">Coudoux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuges-les-Pins" title="Cuges-les-Pins">Cuges-les-Pins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Destrousse" title="La Destrousse">La Destrousse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89guilles" title="Éguilles">Éguilles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ensu%C3%A8s-la-Redonne" title="Ensuès-la-Redonne">Ensuès-la-Redonne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eygali%C3%A8res" title="Eygalières">Eygalières</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eygui%C3%A8res" title="Eyguières">Eyguières</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eyragues" title="Eyragues">Eyragues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Fare-les-Oliviers" title="La Fare-les-Oliviers">La Fare-les-Oliviers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fontvieille,_Bouches-du-Rh%C3%B4ne" title="Fontvieille, Bouches-du-Rhône">Fontvieille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fos-sur-Mer" title="Fos-sur-Mer">Fos-sur-Mer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuveau" title="Fuveau">Fuveau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gardanne" title="Gardanne">Gardanne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9menos" title="Gémenos">Gémenos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gignac-la-Nerthe" title="Gignac-la-Nerthe">Gignac-la-Nerthe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grans" title="Grans">Grans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graveson" title="Graveson">Graveson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gr%C3%A9asque" title="Gréasque">Gréasque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Istres" title="Istres">Istres</a><sup>subpr</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jouques" title="Jouques">Jouques</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamanon" title="Lamanon">Lamanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lambesc" title="Lambesc">Lambesc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lan%C3%A7on-Provence" title="Lançon-Provence">Lançon-Provence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maillane" title="Maillane">Maillane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mallemort" title="Mallemort">Mallemort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marignane" title="Marignane">Marignane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marseille" title="Marseille">Marseille</a><sup>pref</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martigues" title="Martigues">Martigues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mas-Blanc-des-Alpilles" title="Mas-Blanc-des-Alpilles">Mas-Blanc-des-Alpilles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maussane-les-Alpilles" title="Maussane-les-Alpilles">Maussane-les-Alpilles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meyrargues" title="Meyrargues">Meyrargues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meyreuil" title="Meyreuil">Meyreuil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mimet" title="Mimet">Mimet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miramas" title="Miramas">Miramas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moll%C3%A9g%C3%A8s" title="Mollégès">Mollégès</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mouri%C3%A8s" title="Mouriès">Mouriès</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noves" title="Noves">Noves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orgon" title="Orgon">Orgon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paradou" title="Paradou">Paradou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A9lissanne" title="Pélissanne">Pélissanne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Les_Pennes-Mirabeau" title="Les Pennes-Mirabeau">Les Pennes-Mirabeau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Penne-sur-Huveaune" title="La Penne-sur-Huveaune">La Penne-sur-Huveaune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peynier" title="Peynier">Peynier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peypin" title="Peypin">Peypin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peyrolles-en-Provence" title="Peyrolles-en-Provence">Peyrolles-en-Provence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plan-de-Cuques" title="Plan-de-Cuques">Plan-de-Cuques</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plan-d%27Orgon" title="Plan-d'Orgon">Plan-d'Orgon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port-de-Bouc" title="Port-de-Bouc">Port-de-Bouc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port-Saint-Louis-du-Rh%C3%B4ne" title="Port-Saint-Louis-du-Rhône">Port-Saint-Louis-du-Rhône</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puyloubier" title="Puyloubier">Puyloubier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Puy-Sainte-R%C3%A9parade" title="Le Puy-Sainte-Réparade">Le Puy-Sainte-Réparade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rognac" title="Rognac">Rognac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rognes,_Bouches-du-Rh%C3%B4ne" title="Rognes, Bouches-du-Rhône">Rognes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rognonas" title="Rognonas">Rognonas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Roque-d%27Anth%C3%A9ron" title="La Roque-d'Anthéron">La Roque-d'Anthéron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roquefort-la-B%C3%A9doule" title="Roquefort-la-Bédoule">Roquefort-la-Bédoule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roquevaire" title="Roquevaire">Roquevaire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rousset,_Bouches-du-Rh%C3%B4ne" title="Rousset, Bouches-du-Rhône">Rousset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Rove" title="Le Rove">Le Rove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Andiol" title="Saint-Andiol">Saint-Andiol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Antonin-sur-Bayon" title="Saint-Antonin-sur-Bayon">Saint-Antonin-sur-Bayon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Cannat" title="Saint-Cannat">Saint-Cannat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Chamas" title="Saint-Chamas">Saint-Chamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saintes-Maries-de-la-Mer" title="Saintes-Maries-de-la-Mer">Saintes-Maries-de-la-Mer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Est%C3%A8ve-Janson" title="Saint-Estève-Janson">Saint-Estève-Janson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-%C3%89tienne-du-Gr%C3%A8s" title="Saint-Étienne-du-Grès">Saint-Étienne-du-Grès</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Marc-Jaumegarde" title="Saint-Marc-Jaumegarde">Saint-Marc-Jaumegarde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Martin-de-Crau" title="Saint-Martin-de-Crau">Saint-Martin-de-Crau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Mitre-les-Remparts" title="Saint-Mitre-les-Remparts">Saint-Mitre-les-Remparts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Paul-l%C3%A8s-Durance" title="Saint-Paul-lès-Durance">Saint-Paul-lès-Durance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Pierre-de-M%C3%A9zoargues" title="Saint-Pierre-de-Mézoargues">Saint-Pierre-de-Mézoargues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-R%C3%A9my-de-Provence" title="Saint-Rémy-de-Provence">Saint-Rémy-de-Provence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Savournin" title="Saint-Savournin">Saint-Savournin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Victoret" title="Saint-Victoret">Saint-Victoret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salon-de-Provence" title="Salon-de-Provence">Salon-de-Provence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sausset-les-Pins" title="Sausset-les-Pins">Sausset-les-Pins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9nas" title="Sénas">Sénas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sept%C3%A8mes-les-Vallons" title="Septèmes-les-Vallons">Septèmes-les-Vallons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simiane-Collongue" title="Simiane-Collongue">Simiane-Collongue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarascon" title="Tarascon">Tarascon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Tholonet" title="Le Tholonet">Le Tholonet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trets" title="Trets">Trets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vauvenargues,_Bouches-du-Rh%C3%B4ne" title="Vauvenargues, Bouches-du-Rhône">Vauvenargues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Velaux" title="Velaux">Velaux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venelles" title="Venelles">Venelles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ventabren" title="Ventabren">Ventabren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vern%C3%A8gues" title="Vernègues">Vernègues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verqui%C3%A8res" title="Verquières">Verquières</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vitrolles,_Bouches-du-Rh%C3%B4ne" title="Vitrolles, Bouches-du-Rhône">Vitrolles</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><sup>pref</sup>: <a href="/wiki/Prefectures_in_France" title="Prefectures in France">prefecture</a></li> <li><sup>subpr</sup>: <a href="/wiki/Subprefectures_in_France" title="Subprefectures in France">subprefecture</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="World_Heritage_Sites_in_France1147" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:World_Heritage_Sites_in_France" title="Template:World Heritage Sites in France"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:World_Heritage_Sites_in_France" title="Template talk:World Heritage Sites in France"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:World_Heritage_Sites_in_France" title="Special:EditPage/Template:World Heritage Sites in France"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="World_Heritage_Sites_in_France1147" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_France" title="List of World Heritage Sites in France">World Heritage Sites in France</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%C3%8Ele-de-France" title="Île-de-France">Île-de-France</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Palace_of_Versailles" title="Palace of Versailles">Palace and Park of Versailles</a></li> <li>Fontainebleau <a href="/wiki/Palace_of_Fontainebleau" title="Palace of Fontainebleau">Palace</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fontainebleau#Fontainebleau_forest" title="Fontainebleau">Park</a></li> <li>Paris: Banks of the <a href="/wiki/Seine" title="Seine">Seine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provins" title="Provins">Provins</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="10" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_France.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of France"><img alt="Flag of France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/60px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="33" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/120px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/First-level_NUTS_of_the_European_Union#France" title="First-level NUTS of the European Union">Parisian basin</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amiens_Cathedral" title="Amiens Cathedral">Amiens Cathedral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belfries_of_Belgium_and_France" title="Belfries of Belgium and France">Belfries of Belgium and France</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bourges_Cathedral" title="Bourges Cathedral">Bourges Cathedral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Champagne_hillsides,_houses_and_cellars" title="Champagne hillsides, houses and cellars">Champagne hillsides, houses and cellars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chartres_Cathedral" title="Chartres Cathedral">Chartres Cathedral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climats,_terroirs_of_Burgundy" title="Climats, terroirs of Burgundy"><i>Climats</i> and <i>terroirs</i> of Burgundy</a></li> <li>Reims: <a href="/wiki/Reims_Cathedral" title="Reims Cathedral">Cathedral of Notre-Dame</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_Saint-Remi" title="Musée Saint-Remi">Former Abbey of Saint-Rémi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Palace_of_Tau" title="Palace of Tau">Palace of Tau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abbey_of_Fontenay" title="Abbey of Fontenay">Abbey of Fontenay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Havre" title="Le Havre">Le Havre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mont-Saint-Michel" title="Mont-Saint-Michel">Mont-Saint-Michel</a> and its <a href="/wiki/Mont-Saint-Michel_Bay" title="Mont-Saint-Michel Bay">Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C3%A9zelay_Abbey" title="Vézelay Abbey">Vézelay Church and hill</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nord-Pas-de-Calais" title="Nord-Pas-de-Calais">Nord-Pas-de-Calais</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Belfries_of_Belgium_and_France" title="Belfries of Belgium and France">Belfries of Belgium and France</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nord-Pas_de_Calais_Mining_Basin" title="Nord-Pas de Calais Mining Basin">Nord-Pas de Calais Mining Basin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/First-level_NUTS_of_the_European_Union#France" title="First-level NUTS of the European Union">East</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Great Saltworks of <a href="/wiki/Salins-les-Bains" title="Salins-les-Bains">Salins-les-Bains</a> and <a href="/wiki/Royal_Saltworks_at_Arc-et-Senans" title="Royal Saltworks at Arc-et-Senans">Royal Saltworks of Arc-et-Senans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nancy,_France" title="Nancy, France">Nancy</a>: <a href="/wiki/Place_Stanislas" title="Place Stanislas">Place Stanislas</a>, Place de la Carrière and Place d'Alliance</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strasbourg" title="Strasbourg">Strasbourg</a>: <a href="/wiki/Grande_%C3%8Ele_(Strasbourg)" class="mw-redirect" title="Grande Île (Strasbourg)">Grande Île</a>, <a href="/wiki/Neustadt,_Strasbourg" title="Neustadt, Strasbourg">Neustadt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_pile_dwellings_around_the_Alps" title="Prehistoric pile dwellings around the Alps">Prehistoric pile dwellings around the Alps</a><sup><small>3</small></sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/First-level_NUTS_of_the_European_Union#France" title="First-level NUTS of the European Union">West</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abbey_Church_of_Saint-Savin-sur-Gartempe" title="Abbey Church of Saint-Savin-sur-Gartempe">Abbey Church of Saint-Savin-sur-Gartempe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/First-level_NUTS_of_the_European_Union#France" title="First-level NUTS of the European Union">South West</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albi" title="Albi">Episcopal city, Albi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bordeaux" title="Bordeaux">Port of the Moon, Bordeaux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lascaux" title="Lascaux">Prehistoric sites and decorated caves of the Vézère valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyr%C3%A9n%C3%A9es_%E2%80%93_Mont_Perdu_World_Heritage_Site" title="Pyrénées – Mont Perdu World Heritage Site">Pyrénées – Mont Perdu</a><sup><small>2</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-%C3%89milion" title="Saint-Émilion">Saint-Émilion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/First-level_NUTS_of_the_European_Union#France" title="First-level NUTS of the European Union">Centre East</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cha%C3%AEne_des_Puys" title="Chaîne des Puys">Chaîne des Puys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chauvet_Cave" title="Chauvet Cave">Chauvet Cave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyon" title="Lyon">Lyon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/First-level_NUTS_of_the_European_Union#France" title="First-level NUTS of the European Union">Mediterranean</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arles,_Roman_and_Romanesque_Monuments" title="Arles, Roman and Romanesque Monuments">Roman and Romanesque monuments, Arles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cit%C3%A9_de_Carcassonne" title="Cité de Carcassonne">Carcassonne citadel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Porto" title="Gulf of Porto">Gulf of Porto</a>: <a href="/wiki/Calanques_de_Piana" title="Calanques de Piana">Calanches de Piana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Corsica#Ecology" title="Corsica">Gulf of Girolata</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scandola_Nature_Reserve" title="Scandola Nature Reserve">Scandola Reserve</a></li> <li>Avignon: <a href="/wiki/Palais_des_Papes" title="Palais des Papes">Papal Palace</a>, Episcopal Ensemble, <a href="/wiki/Pont_Saint-B%C3%A9n%C3%A9zet" title="Pont Saint-Bénézet">Avignon Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pont_du_Gard" title="Pont du Gard">Pont du Gard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orange,_Vaucluse" title="Orange, Vaucluse">Orange</a>: <a href="/wiki/Roman_Theatre_of_Orange" title="Roman Theatre of Orange">Roman Theatre and environs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Triumphal_Arch_of_Orange" title="Triumphal Arch of Orange">Triumphal Arch</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Multiple regions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Architectural_Work_of_Le_Corbusier" title="The Architectural Work of Le Corbusier">The Architectural Work of Le Corbusier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canal_du_Midi" title="Canal du Midi">Canal du Midi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fortifications_of_Vauban" title="Fortifications of Vauban">Fortifications of Vauban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Funerary_and_memory_sites_of_the_First_World_War_(Western_Front)" title="Funerary and memory sites of the First World War (Western Front)">Funerary and memory sites of the First World War (Western Front)</a><sup><small>4</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loire_Valley" title="Loire Valley">Loire Valley</a> between <a href="/wiki/Sully-sur-Loire" title="Sully-sur-Loire">Sully-sur-Loire</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chalonnes-sur-Loire" title="Chalonnes-sur-Loire">Chalonnes-sur-Loire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Routes_of_Santiago_de_Compostela_in_France" title="Routes of Santiago de Compostela in France">Routes of Santiago de Compostela in France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_and_Primeval_Beech_Forests_of_the_Carpathians_and_Other_Regions_of_Europe" title="Ancient and Primeval Beech Forests of the Carpathians and Other Regions of Europe">Ancient and Primeval Beech Forests of the Carpathians and Other Regions of Europe</a><sup><small>5</small></sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Overseas_departments_and_territories_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Overseas departments and territories of France">Overseas departments<br />and territories</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/French_Austral_Lands_and_Seas" class="mw-redirect" title="French Austral Lands and Seas">French Austral Lands and Seas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Caledonia_Barrier_Reef" class="mw-redirect" title="New Caledonia Barrier Reef">Lagoons of New Caledonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9union_National_Park" title="Réunion National Park">Pitons, cirques and remparts of Réunion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taputapuatea" title="Taputapuatea">Taputapuātea</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><sup>1</sup>Shared locally with other <a href="/wiki/First-level_NUTS_of_the_European_Union#France" title="First-level NUTS of the European Union">region/s</a> and with <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><sup>2</sup>Shared with <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><sup>3</sup>Shared with <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a>, <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><sup>4</sup>Shared with <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><sup>5</sup>Shared with <a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania">Albania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a>, <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a>, <a href="/wiki/North_Macedonia" title="North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia">Slovakia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a>, <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48292#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1699" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48292#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1699" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48292#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/293632224">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1206034/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJyRDYWJr8tHQqcF8FQTHC">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4085928-9">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n79089381">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb15247286t">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb15247286t">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Arles (Francie)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge137313&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datos.bne.es/resource/XX455616">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007548073205171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/0966f655-d254-412f-9d34-deee3226ce97">MusicBrainz area</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/027250091">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10045028">NARA</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://auth.wikimedia.org/loginwiki/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Arles&oldid=1276318683">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Arles&oldid=1276318683</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a 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