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Akwai a 10 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-10" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">10 harsuna</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afemai" title="Afemai – Kataloniyanci" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Afemai" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Kataloniyanci" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afenmai_language" title="Afenmai language – Turanci" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Afenmai language" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Turanci" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yekhee" title="Yekhee – Yaren mutanen Finland" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Yekhee" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Yaren mutanen Finland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etsako" title="Etsako – Faransanci" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Etsako" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Faransanci" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/As%E1%BB%A5s%E1%BB%A5_Afenmai" title="Asụsụ Afenmai – Igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Asụsụ Afenmai" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="Igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yekhee" title="Yekhee – Ositanci" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Yekhee" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Ositanci" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C4%99zyk_yekhee" title="Język yekhee – Harshen Polan" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Język yekhee" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Harshen Polan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenga_Yekhee" title="Lenga Yekhee – Piedmontese" lang="pms" 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width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Etsako_West_Local_Government_Secretariat_Buildings.jpg/330px-Etsako_West_Local_Government_Secretariat_Buildings.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Etsako_West_Local_Government_Secretariat_Buildings.jpg/440px-Etsako_West_Local_Government_Secretariat_Buildings.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4928" data-file-height="3264" /></a><figcaption>Yaren afenmai</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fayil:Bishop_Olorunfemi_of_Etsako_preaches.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Bishop_Olorunfemi_of_Etsako_preaches.jpg/220px-Bishop_Olorunfemi_of_Etsako_preaches.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Bishop_Olorunfemi_of_Etsako_preaches.jpg/330px-Bishop_Olorunfemi_of_Etsako_preaches.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Bishop_Olorunfemi_of_Etsako_preaches.jpg/440px-Bishop_Olorunfemi_of_Etsako_preaches.jpg 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="322" /></a><figcaption>Yaren afenmai</figcaption></figure> <p>  </p><p><br /> <b>Afenmai</b> (Afemai), <b>Yekhee</b>, ko <b>Iyekhe</b>, harshen Edoid ne da <a href="/wiki/Mutanen_Afemai" title="Mutanen Afemai">mutanen Afenmai</a> ake magana dashi a <a href="/wiki/Edo" title="Edo">Jihar Edo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Najeriya" title="Najeriya">Najeriya</a> . Ba duk masu magana da yare ne suka san sunan <i>Yekhee</i> ba; wasu suna amfani da sunan gunduman <i>Etsako</i> . </p><p>A baya sunan da gwamnatin mulkin mallaka na Burtaniya ke amfani dashi shine <b>Kukuruku</b>, wanda ake zaton bayan kukan yaki "ku-ku-ruku", yanzu ana daukar sa a matsayin wulakanci. </p><p>Afenmai ba a saba gani ba a cikin rahotannin yana da muryar da ba ta da murya a matsayin "tsayi" daidai da "lalacin" murya ta famfo <span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">/ɾ/</span></link> (kwatanta <span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">[aɾ̞̊u]</span></link> 'hat' da <span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">[aɾu]</span></link> 'louse' <sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ), ko da yake shi ne sauran kwatancin an siffanta shi kawai a matsayin mai ɓarna kuma an yi nazari a matsayin "lalashi" daidai da "tsayi" mara murya <span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">/t/</span></link> . <sup id="cite_ref-WPP_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WPP-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Etsako, yaren Edo da kansa, yana da nasa yarukan waɗanda aka raba su zuwa yaren <i>Iyekhe</i> da <i>Agbelọ</i>, tare da yaren Iyekhe wanda akafi yin magana dashi. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Fassarar_sauti">Fassarar sauti</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yaren_afenmai&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Gyara sashe: Fassarar sauti" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>gyara sashe</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yaren_afenmai&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Fassarar sauti"><span>gyara masomin</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Wasulan sune <span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">/i e ɛ a ɔ o u/</span></link> . Dogayen wasulan da yawan diphthong a cikin harshe an samo su ne daga jerin gajerun wasulan, galibinin su daga elision na zaɓi na <span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">/l/</span></link> . </p><p>Afenmai yana da tsarin rikitaccen tsarin sauye-sauye na morphotonemic dangane da sautunan murya guda biyu, babba da kasa. A matakin saman akwai sautuna daban-daban guda biyar: babba, ƙasa, faɗuwa, tashi da tsakiya. Sautin tsakiya shine sakamakon saukar babban sautin bayan ƙaramin sautin. Sautunan kwane-kwane (fadowa da tashi) ko dai suna faruwa ne akan dogayen wasula ko diphthongs, daga jeri mai tsayi + ƙasa ko ƙasa + sama, ko kuma akan gajerun wasulan da aka samar daga ƙanƙantar irin wannan dogon wasali ko diphthong. Sautunan tashi ba sabon abu bane, saboda ana iya maye gurbinsu da babba, ƙasa ko tsakiyar. <sup id="cite_ref-WPP_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WPP-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Consonants na yaren Ekpheli sune: </p> <table class="wikitable IPA"> <tbody><tr> <th>BL </th> <th>LD </th> <th>D </th> <th>Av </th> <th>PA </th> <th>Ve </th> <th>LV </th></tr> <tr> <td>m m </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>n </td> <td>(ɲ) </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>bp </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>t (ː) d </td> <td> </td> <td>kː ɡː </td> <td>k͡pː k͡p ɡ͡bː ɡ͡b </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>ts dz </td> <td>(tʃ dʒ) </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td>fv (ː) </td> <td>θ </td> <td>s </td> <td>(ʃ) </td> <td>x zo </td></tr> <tr> <td>ʋ </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>l </td> <td>j </td> <td> </td> <td>w </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>Ɗa </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>An yi nazarin baƙaƙen da aka yi wa alama da dadewa ta hanyoyi daban-daban, ciki har da 'tense' ko 'fortis' kuma an haɗa su tare da abokan hulɗar 'lak' ko 'lenis', kodayake babu wani tushe na phonological don haɗa baƙaƙen 'dogayen' tare, ko don Haɗa su da baƙaƙe na 'gajerun'. Matsalolin da aka bayyana sune <span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">/k͡pː ɡ͡bː mː/</span></link> , wanda ya ninka girman <span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">/k͡p ɡ͡b m/</span></link> amma in ba haka ba iri ɗaya ne a cikin spectrogram. <span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">/kː ɡː/</span></link> Hakanan suna da tsayin <span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">/x ɣ/</span> sau biyu<span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">/x ɣ/</span></link> . Duk da haka, alveolar <span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">/t/</span></link> ya dan fi tsayi fiye da hakori <span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">/θ/</span></link> , kuma yayin <span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">/v/</span></link> ya fi <span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">/ʋ/</span></link> , wanda za'a sa ran ga ɓacin rai idan aka kwatanta da kusanta. <sup id="cite_ref-WPP_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WPP-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Baƙaƙen postalveolar su ne allophone na alveolars kafin <span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">/i/</span></link> da wani wasali, inda <span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">/i/</span></link> in ba haka ba zai zama <span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">[j]</span></link> , kamar yadda yake cikin <span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">/siesie/ [ʃeʃe]</span></link> 'zama karama'. Bugu da kari, <span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">/ts/</span></link> na zaɓi ya zama <span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">[tʃ]</span></link> kafin guda <span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">/i/</span></link> , kamar yadda yake cikin <span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">/itsi/</span></link> 'alade' ( <span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">[itsi] ~ [itʃi]</span></link> ). Sauran baƙaƙen alveolar ba su da wannan bambance-bambancen, sai dai idan an samar da yanayi mai tsawo a cikin kalma mai fa'ida: <span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">/odzi/</span></link> 'kaguwa' ( <span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">[odzi]</span></link> a cikin hanyar ambato) > <span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">/odzi oɣie/</span></link> 'kaguwar sarki' ( <span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">[odʒoɣje]</span></link> ). (Sautunan da aka rubuta tare da ⟨ ʃ ʒ ɲ ⟩ na iya kasancewa kusa da <span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">[ɕ ʑ nʲ]</span></link> .) </p><p>Baya ga <span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">/p ts dz θ/</span></link> , waɗannan baƙaƙe sun bayyana a duk yarukan Afenmai da Elimelek ya bincika (1976). <span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">/p/</span></link> ba ya cikin yaren Uzairue, ana maye gurbinsa da <span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">/f/</span></link> , kuma yana da wuya a yawancin sauran yaruka. <span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">/ts dz/</span></link> suna fricativized zuwa <span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">/s z/</span></link> a cikin yarukan Aviele da Kudancin Uneme. <span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">/θ/</span></link> an koma zuwa <span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">/ɹ̝̊/</span></link> a yawancin sauran yarukan, kamar a cikin <span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">[aθu ~ aɹ̝̊u]</span></link> ' hula'. <sup id="cite_ref-WPP_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WPP-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rubutun_Rubutu">Rubutun Rubutu</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yaren_afenmai&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Gyara sashe: Rubutun Rubutu" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>gyara sashe</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yaren_afenmai&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Rubutun Rubutu"><span>gyara masomin</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>ABC CH DE E FG GB GH GW IJK KH KP KPH KW LM MH N NW NY O Ọ PRS SH T TH TS UV VH WY Z. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kalmomi">Kalmomi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yaren_afenmai&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Gyara sashe: Kalmomi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>gyara sashe</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yaren_afenmai&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Kalmomi"><span>gyara masomin</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kalmomin Etsako sun haɗa da: </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Etsako </th> <th>Turanci </th></tr> <tr> <td>Mu! </td> <td>Sannu da aikatawa </td></tr> <tr> <td>Abe! /Duba! </td> <td>Hello (Yaya yake?) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ya somi/O chi </td> <td>Yana da kyau. (Martani) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Na gaba </td> <td>Barka da safiya </td></tr> <tr> <td>Na ẹlẹ </td> <td>(Martani) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Agbelọ </td> <td>Barka da safiya </td></tr> <tr> <td>Agbe </td> <td>(Martani) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Menene ze? </td> <td>Da fatan kuna lafiya. </td></tr> <tr> <td>Eli </td> <td>Ee </td></tr> <tr> <td>Kuna jin? </td> <td>Shin kun yi barci lafiya? </td></tr> <tr> <td>A kwai </td> <td>Muna godiya </td></tr> <tr> <td>Moo ota / Oviẹna / Togi </td> <td>Barka da rana </td></tr> <tr> <td>Moo ogode / Obugala </td> <td>Barka da yamma </td></tr> <tr> <td>O ki akọ / O kila akhuɛ </td> <td>Barka da dare (har gobe) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ku ku </td> <td>Barka da warhaka </td></tr> <tr> <td>O ki idegbe </td> <td>Har sai daga baya </td></tr> <tr> <td>Läkhia / Guè khia </td> <td>Tafi lafiya. </td></tr> <tr> <td>R'elo ku egbe </td> <td>A kula. </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Kalmomin Etsako gama gari suna nuna bambance-bambancen yare tsakanin Iyekhe da Agbelo: </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Turanci </th> <th>Iyek </th> <th>Agbelo </th></tr> <tr> <td>ina zuwa </td> <td>nace </td> <td>Ina bale </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ina ku ke? </td> <td>Obo ku ya? </td> <td>Obo ku? </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ina za ku? </td> <td>Obo ku? </td> <td>Obo ku ya? </td></tr> <tr> <td>Me kuke so? </td> <td>Me ku ke? </td> <td>Me kake so? </td></tr> <tr> <td>Wannan dan uwana ne </td> <td>Iyɔkpa mɛ ki ọna </td> <td>Inyɔguo m kh' ọna </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ina jin yunwa </td> <td>Osami ò gbe mɛ </td> <td>Okiami o aa gbe mɛ </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Manazarta">Manazarta</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yaren_afenmai&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Gyara sashe: Manazarta" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>gyara sashe</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yaren_afenmai&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Manazarta"><span>gyara masomin</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="references-small"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Laver (1994) <i>Principles of Phonetics</i>, p. 263.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WPP-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-WPP_2-0">2.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-WPP_2-1">2.1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-WPP_2-2">2.2</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-WPP_2-3">2.3</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Elimelech (1976) "A Tonal Grammar of Etsako", <i>UCLA Working Papers in Phonetics</i> 35 </span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Hanyoyin_haɗi_na_waje"><span id="Hanyoyin_ha.C9.97i_na_waje"></span>Hanyoyin haɗi na waje</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yaren_afenmai&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Gyara sashe: Hanyoyin haɗi na waje" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>gyara sashe</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yaren_afenmai&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Hanyoyin haɗi na waje"><span>gyara masomin</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://etsakolanguage.com/">Cibiyar Binciken Harshen Etsako (ELRDC)</a></li></ul> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samfuri:Volta-Niger_languages&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Samfuri:Volta-Niger languages (babu wannan shafin)">Samfuri:Volta-Niger languages</a><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samfuri:Languages_of_Nigeria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Samfuri:Languages of Nigeria (babu wannan shafin)">Samfuri:Languages of Nigeria</a> </p>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Daga "<a dir="ltr" href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Yaren_afenmai&oldid=519767">https://ha.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Yaren_afenmai&oldid=519767</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Musamman:Categories" title="Musamman:Categories">Rukunoni</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rukuni:Harsunan_Nijeriya" title="Rukuni:Harsunan Nijeriya">Harsunan Nijeriya</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Rukuni:Shafuka_masu_fassarorin_da_ba%27a_duba_ba" title="Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba">Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Anyi gyaran ƙarshe na wannan shafi a ranar 3 Satumba 2024, da ƙarfe 20:21.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">An samar da muƙaloli a ƙarƙashin lasisin <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License</a>; mai yiwuwa da kwai sauran sharudda. 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