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data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Innhold</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">flytt til sidefeltet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">skjul</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Til toppen)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Kosmologiens_ulike_grener" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kosmologiens_ulike_grener"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Kosmologiens ulike grener</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kosmologiens_ulike_grener-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religiøs_kosmologi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religiøs_kosmologi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Religiøs kosmologi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religiøs_kosmologi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Naturreligiøs_kosmologi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Naturreligiøs_kosmologi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Naturreligiøs kosmologi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Naturreligiøs_kosmologi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fysisk_kosmologi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fysisk_kosmologi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Fysisk kosmologi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fysisk_kosmologi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Metafysisk_kosmologi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Metafysisk_kosmologi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Metafysisk kosmologi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Metafysisk_kosmologi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Esoterisk_kosmologi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Esoterisk_kosmologi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Esoterisk kosmologi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Esoterisk_kosmologi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Se_også" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Se_også"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Se også</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Se_også-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referanser" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referanser"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Referanser</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referanser-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kilder" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kilder"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Kilder</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kilder-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eksterne_lenker" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eksterne_lenker"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Eksterne lenker</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eksterne_lenker-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Innhold" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Vis/skjul innholdsfortegnelsen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Vis/skjul innholdsfortegnelsen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Kosmologi</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gå til en artikkel på et annet språk. Tilgjengelig på 101 språk" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-101" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">101 språk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kosmologi" title="Kosmologi – norsk nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Kosmologi" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norsk nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kosmologi_(astronomi)" title="Kosmologi (astronomi) – dansk" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Kosmologi (astronomi)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kosmologi" title="Kosmologi – svensk" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kosmologi" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="svensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heimsfr%C3%A6%C3%B0i" title="Heimsfræði – islandsk" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Heimsfræði" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kosmologie" title="Kosmologie – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Kosmologie" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="ब्रह्माण्डविद्या – angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="ब्रह्माण्डविद्या" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%88%D9%86" title="علم الكون – arabisk" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="علم الكون" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosmolox%C3%ADa" title="Cosmoloxía – asturisk" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Cosmoloxía" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kosmologiya" title="Kosmologiya – aserbajdsjansk" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Kosmologiya" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="aserbajdsjansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC" title="বিশ্বতত্ত্ব – bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="বিশ্বতত্ত্ব" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Касмалогія – belarusisk" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Касмалогія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarusisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Космология – bulgarsk" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Космология" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgarsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kosmologie" title="Kosmologie – bairisk" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Kosmologie" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="bairisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kosmologija" title="Kosmologija – bosnisk" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Kosmologija" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosnisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kosmologiezh" title="Kosmologiezh – bretonsk" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Kosmologiezh" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretonsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosmologia" title="Cosmologia – katalansk" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Cosmologia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8" title="Космологи – tsjuvasjisk" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Космологи" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="tsjuvasjisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kosmologie" title="Kosmologie – tsjekkisk" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Kosmologie" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tsjekkisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosmoleg" title="Cosmoleg – walisisk" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Cosmoleg" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="walisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kosmologie" title="Kosmologie – tysk" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Kosmologie" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kosmoloogia" title="Kosmoloogia – estisk" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kosmoloogia" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%BF%CF%83%CE%BC%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%B3%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Κοσμολογία – gresk" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κοσμολογία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="gresk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosmology" title="Cosmology – engelsk" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Cosmology" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosmolog%C3%ADa" title="Cosmología – spansk" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Cosmología" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kosmologio" title="Kosmologio – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kosmologio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kosmologia" title="Kosmologia – baskisk" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Kosmologia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%86%E2%80%8C%D8%B4%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="کیهان‌شناسی – persisk" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کیهان‌شناسی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosmologie" title="Cosmologie – fransk" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Cosmologie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="fransk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kosmology" title="Kosmology – vestfrisisk" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Kosmology" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="vestfrisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosmeola%C3%ADocht" title="Cosmeolaíocht – irsk" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Cosmeolaíocht" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosmolox%C3%ADa" title="Cosmoloxía – galisisk" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Cosmoloxía" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9A%B0%EC%A3%BC%EB%A1%A0" title="우주론 – koreansk" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="우주론" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8F%D5%AB%D5%A5%D5%A6%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%A3%D5%AB%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Տիեզերագիտություն – armensk" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Տիեզերագիտություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="ब्रह्माण्डविद्या – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="ब्रह्माण्डविद्या" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kozmologija" title="Kozmologija – kroatisk" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Kozmologija" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroatisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kosmologio" title="Kosmologio – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Kosmologio" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kosmologi" title="Kosmologi – indonesisk" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kosmologi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosmologia" title="Cosmologia – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Cosmologia" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosmologia_(astronomia)" title="Cosmologia (astronomia) – italiensk" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Cosmologia (astronomia)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%92%D7%99%D7%94" title="קוסמולוגיה – hebraisk" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קוסמולוגיה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebraisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kosmologi" title="Kosmologi – javanesisk" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Kosmologi" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javanesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%92%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="კოსმოლოგია – georgisk" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="კოსმოლოგია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Космология – kasakhisk" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Космология" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kasakhisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerd%C3%BBnnas%C3%AE" title="Gerdûnnasî – kurdisk" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Gerdûnnasî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Космология – kirgisisk" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Космология" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosmologia" title="Cosmologia – latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Cosmologia" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kosmolo%C4%A3ija" title="Kosmoloģija – latvisk" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Kosmoloģija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="latvisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kosmologie" title="Kosmologie – luxemburgsk" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Kosmologie" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxemburgsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kosmologija" title="Kosmologija – litauisk" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kosmologija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litauisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosmologia" title="Cosmologia – ligurisk" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Cosmologia" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="ligurisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kosmolougii" title="Kosmolougii – livvisk" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Kosmolougii" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="livvisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/mu%27eske" title="mu'eske – lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="mu'eske" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kozmol%C3%B3gia" title="Kozmológia – ungarsk" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Kozmológia" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungarsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B4sm%C3%B4l%C3%B4jia" title="Kôsmôlôjia – gassisk" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Kôsmôlôjia" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="gassisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%9E%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9A%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%9C%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9E%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82" title="പ്രപഞ്ചവിജ്ഞാനീയം – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="പ്രപഞ്ചവിജ്ഞാനീയം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%92%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="კოსმოლოგია – mingrelsk" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="კოსმოლოგია" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="mingrelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%88%D9%86" title="علم الكون – egyptisk arabisk" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="علم الكون" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="egyptisk arabisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kosmologi" title="Kosmologi – malayisk" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Kosmologi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malayisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8" title="Космологи – mongolsk" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Космологи" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongolsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%85%E1%80%80%E1%80%BC%E1%80%9D%E1%80%A0%E1%80%AC%E1%80%97%E1%80%B1%E1%80%92" title="စကြဝဠာဗေဒ – burmesisk" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="စကြဝဠာဗေဒ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="burmesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kosmologie" title="Kosmologie – nederlandsk" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Kosmologie" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederlandsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80" title="कस्मोलोजी – nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="कस्मोलोजी" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AE%87%E5%AE%99%E8%AB%96" title="宇宙論 – japansk" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="宇宙論" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kosmologia" title="Kosmologia – novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Kosmologia" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosmologia" title="Cosmologia – oksitansk" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Cosmologia" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="oksitansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koosmooloojii" title="Koosmooloojii – oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Koosmooloojii" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kosmologiya" title="Kosmologiya – usbekisk" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Kosmologiya" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="usbekisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AC%E0%A9%8D%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%A1_%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%A8" title="ਬ੍ਰਹਿਮੰਡ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ – panjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਬ੍ਰਹਿਮੰਡ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="panjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B4%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%84_%D9%BE%DB%90%DA%98%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%86%D9%87" title="تشيال پېژندنه – pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="تشيال پېژندنه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kosmologia" title="Kosmologia – polsk" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kosmologia" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosmologia" title="Cosmologia – portugisisk" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Cosmologia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosmologie" title="Cosmologie – rumensk" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Cosmologie" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Космология – russisk" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Космология" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kozmologjia" title="Kozmologjia – albansk" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Kozmologjia" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosmolugg%C3%ACa" title="Cosmoluggìa – siciliansk" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Cosmoluggìa" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="siciliansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%81%E0%B7%8A%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9A%E0%B6%AF%E0%B6%BA" title="විශ්වවේදය – singalesisk" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="විශ්වවේදය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="singalesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosmology" title="Cosmology – enkel engelsk" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Cosmology" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="enkel engelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%AC%D9%88_%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85" title="ڪائنات جو علم – sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ڪائنات جو علم" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kozmol%C3%B3gia" title="Kozmológia – slovakisk" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Kozmológia" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovakisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kozmologija" title="Kozmologija – slovensk" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Kozmologija" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DB%86%D8%B3%D9%85%DB%86%D9%84%DB%86%D8%AC%DB%8C" title="کۆسمۆلۆجی – sentralkurdisk" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="کۆسمۆلۆجی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="sentralkurdisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Космологија – serbisk" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Космологија" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kosmologija" title="Kosmologija – serbokroatisk" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Kosmologija" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbokroatisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kosmologia" title="Kosmologia – finsk" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kosmologia" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kosmolohiya" title="Kosmolohiya – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Kosmolohiya" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D" title="அண்டவியல் – tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="அண்டவியல்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasnam%E1%B8%8Delt" title="Tasnamḍelt – tachelhit" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Tasnamḍelt" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="tachelhit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%B6%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A3_%E0%B0%B6%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%82" title="విశ్వనిర్మాణ శాస్త్రం – telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="విశ్వనిర్మాణ శాస్త్రం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2" title="จักรวาลวิทยา – thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="จักรวาลวิทยา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B9%D2%B3%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D3%A3" title="Кайҳоншиносӣ – tadsjikisk" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Кайҳоншиносӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadsjikisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kozmoloji" title="Kozmoloji – tyrkisk" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kozmoloji" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="tyrkisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Космологія – ukrainsk" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Космологія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="کونیات – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="کونیات" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C5%A9_tr%E1%BB%A5_h%E1%BB%8Dc" title="Vũ trụ học – vietnamesisk" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Vũ trụ học" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kosmolohiya" title="Kosmolohiya – waray-waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Kosmolohiya" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray-waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AE%87%E5%AE%99%E5%AD%A6" title="宇宙学 – wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="宇宙学" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%90%D7%A1%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%92%D7%99%D7%A2" title="קאסמאלאגיע – jiddisk" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="קאסמאלאגיע" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="jiddisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li 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decoding="async" width="300" height="240" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/HUDF-JD2.jpg/450px-HUDF-JD2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/HUDF-JD2.jpg/600px-HUDF-JD2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2400" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Hubble_Ultra_Deep_Field" title="Hubble Ultra Deep Field">Hubble Ultra Deep Field</a>, et bilde av et lite område av <a href="/wiki/Universet" title="Universet">universet</a> samlet inn av <a href="/wiki/Hubble_Space_Telescope" class="mw-redirect" title="Hubble Space Telescope">Hubble Space Telescope</a> fra 2003 til 2006, representerer det dypeste vi har kunne se ut i verdensrommet. Bildet viser <a href="/wiki/Galakse" title="Galakse">galakser</a> av forskjellig alder, størrelse, form og farge. De minste, rødeste galaksene, er noen av de mest fjerne og eksisterte da universet bare var 800 millioner år gammelt.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Kosmologi</b> (fra <a href="/wiki/Gresk" title="Gresk">gresk</a> κοσμολογία dannet av κόσμος, «verden» og λογια, «<a href="/wiki/L%C3%A6re" class="mw-redirect" title="Lære">lære</a>», ordet <i>kosmos</i> betyr orden) er <a href="/wiki/Studie" title="Studie">studiet</a> av og <a href="/wiki/Teori" title="Teori">teorier</a> om <a href="/wiki/Universet" title="Universet">universet</a> i sin helhet. Selv om ordet er av relativt ny opprinnelse, og første gang ble brukt av <a href="/wiki/Christian_Wolff_(filosof)" title="Christian Wolff (filosof)">Christian Wolff</a> i hans <i>Cosmologia Generalis</i> fra <a href="/wiki/1730" title="1730">1730</a>, har kosmologien en lang historie innenfor <a href="/wiki/Vitenskap" title="Vitenskap">vitenskap</a>, <a href="/wiki/Filosofi" title="Filosofi">filosofi</a> og <a href="/wiki/Religion" title="Religion">religion</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kosmologiens_ulike_grener">Kosmologiens ulike grener</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmologi&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Rediger avsnitt: Kosmologiens ulike grener" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmologi&action=edit&section=1" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Kosmologiens ulike grener"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Aurora_zodiac.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Aurora_zodiac.jpg/250px-Aurora_zodiac.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="196" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Aurora_zodiac.jpg/375px-Aurora_zodiac.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/61/Aurora_zodiac.jpg 2x" data-file-width="490" data-file-height="384" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Zodiak" class="mw-redirect" title="Zodiak">Zodiak</a> fra manuskriptet <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aurora_Consurgens&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aurora Consurgens (ikke skrevet ennå)">Aurora Consurgens</a></i> («den oppstigende morgenrøden»), et <a href="/wiki/Alkymi" title="Alkymi">alkymistisk</a> traktat fra omkring 1420.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Flammarion.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Flammarion.jpg/250px-Flammarion.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="209" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Flammarion.jpg/375px-Flammarion.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Flammarion.jpg/500px-Flammarion.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3614" data-file-height="3027" /></a><figcaption>«<a href="/w/index.php?title=Flammarions_tresnitt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Flammarions tresnitt (ikke skrevet ennå)">Flammarions tresnitt</a>» av ukjent kunstner ble gjengitt første gang i Camille Flammarions <i>L'atmosphère: météorologie populaire</i> (1888). Bildet viser et menneske som kryper under kanten der <a href="/wiki/Himmelhvelving" title="Himmelhvelving">himmel</a> og jord møtes som om himmelhvelvingen var en fast halvkule, for å se <a href="/w/index.php?title=Empyr%C3%A9n&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Empyrén (ikke skrevet ennå)">empyrén</a> (<i>empyreum</i>) utenfor, den øverste, ytterste <a href="/wiki/Sf%C3%A6re" class="mw-redirect" title="Sfære">sfæren</a> eller ildhimmelen i <a href="/wiki/Antikken" title="Antikken">antikken</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Den tidligste formen for kosmologi finnes i <a href="/wiki/Verdensreligion" class="mw-redirect" title="Verdensreligion">verdensreligionenes</a> <a href="/wiki/Skapelsesberetning" class="mw-redirect" title="Skapelsesberetning">opphavsmyter</a>, som søker forklaringer hvordan verden oppsto og hva verden består av. Oppfatninger om verdens skapelse (<a href="/wiki/Kosmogoni" title="Kosmogoni">kosmogoni</a>) og undergang (<a href="/wiki/Eskatologi" title="Eskatologi">eskatologi</a>) danner i religionene et rammeverk for å forstå <a href="/wiki/Mennesket" class="mw-redirect" title="Mennesket">menneskets</a> plass i universet og dets forhold til <a href="/wiki/Gud" title="Gud">gud</a>(ene). </p><p>Gjennom <a href="/wiki/Antropologi" title="Antropologi">antropologien</a> har vi også fått innblikk i naturreligiøse kosmologier. Grunnleggende viktig for vår forståelse av disse er antropologen <a href="/w/index.php?title=Eduardo_Batalha_Viveiros_de_Castro&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eduardo Batalha Viveiros de Castro (ikke skrevet ennå)">Eduardo Batalha Viveiros de Castros</a> beskrivelser av <a href="/w/index.php?title=Multi-naturalisme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Multi-naturalisme (ikke skrevet ennå)">multi-naturalisme</a> og <a href="/w/index.php?title=Perspektivisme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Perspektivisme (ikke skrevet ennå)">perspektivisme</a> blant <a href="/wiki/Amerikanske_indianere" class="mw-redirect" title="Amerikanske indianere">amerikanske indianere</a>. </p><p>I moderne tid har <a href="/wiki/Fysikk" title="Fysikk">fysikken</a> og <a href="/wiki/Astrofysikk" title="Astrofysikk">astrofysikken</a> kommet til å spille en sentral rolle i utformingen den fysiske kosmologien, det vil si forståelsen av <a href="/wiki/Det_observerbare_universet" title="Det observerbare universet">universet</a> gjennom <a href="/wiki/Vitenskapelig" class="mw-redirect" title="Vitenskapelig">vitenskapelig</a> <a href="/wiki/Observasjon" title="Observasjon">observasjon</a> og <a href="/wiki/Eksperiment" title="Eksperiment">eksperimenter</a>. Den fysiske kosmologien befatter seg med <a href="/w/index.php?title=Universets_dannelse&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Universets dannelse (ikke skrevet ennå)">universets dannelse</a> og utstrekning. Det rådende <a href="/wiki/Paradigme" title="Paradigme">paradigmet</a> sier at universet ble til gjennom en form for kosmisk eksplosjon for ~13.7 ± 0.2 milliarder år siden<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>- det såkalte <a href="/wiki/Big_Bang" title="Big Bang">Big Bang</a>. Fra begynnelse til opphør vil universet gjennomgå ei utvikling styrt av <a href="/wiki/Fysiske_lover" class="mw-redirect" title="Fysiske lover">fysiske lover</a>. </p><p>Mellom de religiøse <a href="/wiki/Dogme" title="Dogme">dogmene</a> og vitenskapen står <a href="/wiki/Filosofi" title="Filosofi">filosofiens</a> <a href="/wiki/Metafysisk" class="mw-redirect" title="Metafysisk">metafysiske</a> kosmologi. Metafysikken søker å trekke logiske konklusjoner om universets, menneskets og Guds natur basert på et sett av antakelser basert på kjensgjerninger lånt fra religionene eller ved observasjon. Ett eksempel er <a href="/wiki/Det_kosmologiske_gudsbevis" title="Det kosmologiske gudsbevis">det kosmologiske gudsbevis</a>, som baserer seg på den slutningen at <a href="/wiki/Eksistens" title="Eksistens">eksistensen</a> av et univers krever en skaper. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Religiøs_kosmologi"><span id="Religi.C3.B8s_kosmologi"></span>Religiøs kosmologi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmologi&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Rediger avsnitt: Religiøs kosmologi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmologi&action=edit&section=2" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Religiøs kosmologi"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Mange verdensreligioner har skapelsesberetninger som forklarer opphavet til universet og til livet. Ofte er disse å betrakte som religiøse dogmer, men i noen tilfeller utvides de gjennom bruk av filosofiske og metafysiske <a href="/wiki/Argument" class="mw-disambig" title="Argument">argumenter</a>, som for eksempel i <i><a href="/wiki/Det_kosmologiske_gudsbevis" title="Det kosmologiske gudsbevis">det kosmologiske gudsbevis</a></i>. </p><p>Ifølge det store flertallet av opphavsmyter blir verden skapt ved en aktiv handling av gud(ene), som også har skapt menneskene. Som regel blir da universet av sin skaper gitt en viss hensikt, og på den måten setter det rammer for menneskets plass i verden og menneskets forhold til Gud. I mange religioner forutses også <a href="/wiki/Verdens_undergang" class="mw-redirect" title="Verdens undergang">verdens undergang</a>, enten som et resultat av gudenes inngripen eller nedlagt i den ved skapelsen. </p><p>Mange religioner aksepterer den fysiske kosmologien; for eksempel mener <a href="/wiki/Den_romersk-katolske_kirken" class="mw-redirect" title="Den romersk-katolske kirken">den romersk-katolske kirken</a> å finne en første årsak i big-bang-teorien. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Naturreligiøs_kosmologi"><span id="Naturreligi.C3.B8s_kosmologi"></span>Naturreligiøs kosmologi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmologi&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Rediger avsnitt: Naturreligiøs kosmologi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmologi&action=edit&section=3" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Naturreligiøs kosmologi"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Til forskjell fra religion er kosmologi et grunnleggende viktig behov i alle verdens samfunn. Kosmologi handler mye om et <a href="/wiki/Behov" title="Behov">behov</a> for å se seg selv som en del av den store sammenhengen, uavhengig av om man tror på Gud (<a href="/wiki/Teisme" title="Teisme">teisme</a>) eller ikke (<a href="/wiki/Ateisme" title="Ateisme">ateisme</a>), om man er fattig (<a href="/wiki/U-land" class="mw-redirect" title="U-land">u-land</a>) eller rik (<a href="/wiki/I-land" class="mw-redirect" title="I-land">i-land</a>). Kosmologi kan derfor kalles et universelt menneskelig behov, noe som må ligge til grunn for følelse av <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tilh%C3%B8righet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tilhørighet (ikke skrevet ennå)">tilhørighet</a> og opplevelse av et godt liv. Naturreligiøse kosmologier finnes hos <a href="/wiki/Samer" title="Samer">samer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Skogfinner" title="Skogfinner">skogfinner</a>, australske <a href="/wiki/Aboriginer" title="Aboriginer">aboriginer</a>, indianere i Mellom- og Sør-Amerika og i mange andre samfunn over hele verden der <a href="/wiki/Sjamanisme" title="Sjamanisme">sjamanisme</a> er utbredt. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Fysisk_kosmologi">Fysisk kosmologi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmologi&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Rediger avsnitt: Fysisk kosmologi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmologi&action=edit&section=4" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Fysisk kosmologi"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>I sin tidligste form svarer fysisk kosmologi til det som kalles <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sf%C3%A6risk_mekanikk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sfærisk mekanikk (ikke skrevet ennå)">sfærisk mekanikk</a>; studiet av de himmelske sfærene. De greske filosofene <a href="/wiki/Aristarkhos" title="Aristarkhos">Aristarkhos</a> og <a href="/wiki/Aristoteles" title="Aristoteles">Aristoteles</a>, og den gresk-egyptiske astronomen <a href="/wiki/Klaudios_Ptolemaios" title="Klaudios Ptolemaios">Ptolemaios</a> framsatte ulike kosmologiske teorier. Særlig var Ptolemaios' <a href="/wiki/Geosentrisme" title="Geosentrisme">geosentriske</a> <a href="/wiki/Verdensbilde" title="Verdensbilde">verdensbilde</a> en vidt akseptert teori inntil <a href="/wiki/Nikolaus_Kopernikus" title="Nikolaus Kopernikus">Nikolaus Kopernikus</a> - og i sin tur <a href="/wiki/Tycho_Brahe" title="Tycho Brahe">Tycho Brahe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Kepler" title="Johannes Kepler">Johannes Kepler</a> og <a href="/wiki/Galileo_Galilei" title="Galileo Galilei">Galileo Galilei</a> - lanserte et <a href="/wiki/Heliosentrisme" title="Heliosentrisme">heliosentrisk</a> system på 1500-tallet. </p><p>Med <a href="/wiki/Isaac_Newton" title="Isaac Newton">Isaac Newtons</a> utgivelse av <i><a href="/wiki/Philosophi%C3%A6_naturalis_principia_mathematica" title="Philosophiæ naturalis principia mathematica">Principia Mathematica</a></i> i 1687 ble problemet med himmellegemenes bevegelser endelig løst. Newton bidro med de nødvendige forutsetningene for <a href="/wiki/Keplers_lover" title="Keplers lover">Keplers lover</a>, og Keplers gravitasjonslov løste tidligere teoriers problemer med de observerte avvik fra teorien. En fundamental forskjell mellom Newtons kosmologi og eldre kosmologier var <a href="/w/index.php?title=Det_kopernikanske_prinsippet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Det kopernikanske prinsippet (ikke skrevet ennå)">det kopernikanske prinsippet</a>, som sier at himmellegemene adlyder de samme fysiske lovene som legemer på jorda. Dette var et avgjørende filosofisk gjennombrudd i fysisk kosmologi. </p><p>Moderne vitenskapelig kosmologi kan sies å begynne med Albert Einsteins generelle <a href="/wiki/Relativitetsteori" title="Relativitetsteori">relativitetsteori</a> av 1915, sammen med astronomenes økende mulighet til å studere fjerne objekter. Før 1915 mente fysikerne at universet var statisk og uforanderlig. Et slikt <a href="/wiki/Paradigme" title="Paradigme">paradigme</a> var lite forenlig med relativitetsteorien. Følgelig ble «<a href="/wiki/Big_Bang" title="Big Bang">Big Bang</a>»-teorien lansert av <a href="/wiki/Georges_Lema%C3%AEtre" title="Georges Lemaître">Georges Lemaître</a>. Teorien om et ekspanderende univers er blitt bekrefta av <a href="/wiki/Edwin_Hubble" title="Edwin Hubble">Edwin Hubbles</a> påvisning av at avstanden til fjerne galakser er økende, og av oppdagelsen av <a href="/wiki/Kosmisk_bakgrunnsstr%C3%A5ling" title="Kosmisk bakgrunnsstråling">kosmisk bakgrunnsstråling</a> ved <a href="/wiki/Arno_Penzias" class="mw-redirect" title="Arno Penzias">Arno Penzias</a> og <a href="/wiki/Robert_Woodrow_Wilson" title="Robert Woodrow Wilson">Robert Woodrow Wilson</a> i <a href="/wiki/1964" title="1964">1964</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Metafysisk_kosmologi">Metafysisk kosmologi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmologi&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Rediger avsnitt: Metafysisk kosmologi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmologi&action=edit&section=5" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Metafysisk kosmologi"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>I metafysikken handler kosmologi om verden som et hele av rom, tid og alle ting. I <a href="/wiki/Antikken" title="Antikken">antikken</a> var det ingen motsetning mellom en metafysisk og en vitenskapelig betraktning av verden. I moderne tid har imidlertid metafysikken befattet seg med <a href="/wiki/Kosmos" title="Kosmos">kosmos</a> på en måte som ligger hinsides vitenskapen. </p><p>Den metafysiske kosmologien skiller seg fra den religiøse ved at den nærmer seg spørsmålene gjennom filosofiske metoder, for eksempel gjennom <a href="/wiki/Dialektikk" title="Dialektikk">dialektikken</a>. Moderne metafysisk kosmologi stiller spørsmål som: </p> <ul><li>Hva er universets opphav? Hva er den første årsak? (Se <a href="/wiki/Monisme" title="Monisme">monisme</a>, <a href="/wiki/Panteisme" title="Panteisme">panteisme</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Emanasjonisme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Emanasjonisme (ikke skrevet ennå)">emanasjonisme</a> og <a href="/wiki/Kreasjonisme" title="Kreasjonisme">kreasjonisme</a>.)</li> <li>Hva er det grunnleggende stoffet i universet? (Se <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mekanisme_(filosofi)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mekanisme (filosofi) (ikke skrevet ennå)">mekanisme</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dynamisme" title="Dynamisme">dynamisme</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hylomorfisme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hylomorfisme (ikke skrevet ennå)">hylomorfisme</a> og <a href="/wiki/Atomisme" title="Atomisme">atomisme</a>.)</li> <li>Har universet en <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hensikt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hensikt (ikke skrevet ennå)">hensikt</a>?</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Esoterisk_kosmologi">Esoterisk kosmologi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmologi&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Rediger avsnitt: Esoterisk kosmologi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmologi&action=edit&section=6" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Esoterisk kosmologi"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Mange <a href="/wiki/Esoterisk" class="mw-redirect" title="Esoterisk">esoteriske</a> og okkulte bevegelser har høgt utvikla kosmologier. Slike kosmologier stiller mange av de samme spørsmåla som religiøse og metafysiske kosmologier. De kan imidlertid skilles fra de religiøse ved at erstatter <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tro_(religion)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tro (religion) (ikke skrevet ennå)">tro</a> med en mer <a href="/wiki/Intellektuell" title="Intellektuell">intellektuell</a> forståelse, og fra de filosofiske ved at de vektlegger visse psykisk-åndelige teknikker. </p><p>Vanlige emner i disse kosmologiene er <a href="/w/index.php?title=Emanasjon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Emanasjon (ikke skrevet ennå)">emanasjon</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Involusjon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Involusjon (ikke skrevet ennå)">involusjon</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Eksistensplan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eksistensplan (ikke skrevet ennå)">eksistensplan</a>, hierarkier av åndelige vesener, kosmiske sykluser og ulike bevissthetsplan. Eksempler på esoteriske kosmologier kan finnes i <a href="/wiki/Gnostisisme" title="Gnostisisme">gnostisisme</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tantra" title="Tantra">Tantra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kabbala" title="Kabbala">Kabbala</a>, <a href="/wiki/Teosofi" title="Teosofi">teosofi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Antroposofi" title="Antroposofi">antroposofi</a> og <a href="/wiki/Georges_Ivanovich_Gurdjieff" class="mw-redirect" title="Georges Ivanovich Gurdjieff">Gurdjieffs</a> lære om <a href="/w/index.php?title=Den_fjerde_vei&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Den fjerde vei (ikke skrevet ennå)">Den fjerde vei</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Se_også"><span id="Se_ogs.C3.A5"></span>Se også</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmologi&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Rediger avsnitt: Se også" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmologi&action=edit&section=7" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Se også"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kosmogoni" title="Kosmogoni">Kosmogoni</a>, læren eller fortellingen om verdens opprinnelse</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r23230704">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Universet" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r23230704"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r24561741">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-vis"><a href="/wiki/Mal:Universet" title="Mal:Universet"><abbr title="Vis denne malen">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-diskuter"><a href="/wiki/Maldiskusjon:Universet" title="Maldiskusjon:Universet"><abbr title="Diskuter denne malen">d</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-rediger"><a href="/wiki/Spesial:Rediger_side/Mal:Universet" title="Spesial:Rediger side/Mal:Universet"><abbr title="Rediger denne malen">r</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Universet" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Universet" title="Universet">Universet</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div>Universet består av <a href="/wiki/Element%C3%A6rpartikkel" title="Elementærpartikkel">elementærpartikler</a> og <a href="/wiki/Vakuum" title="Vakuum">vakuum</a>. Partiklene er fordelt ujevnt og partiklene og partikkelklynger benevnes forskjellig avhengig av <a href="/wiki/Tetthet" title="Tetthet">tetthet</a> og <a href="/wiki/Mengde" title="Mengde">mengde</a>; klyngene spenner fra <a href="/wiki/Subatom%C3%A6r_partikkel" title="Subatomær partikkel">subatomære partikler</a> til <a href="/wiki/Sort_hull" title="Sort hull">sorte hull</a>. <a href="/wiki/Det_observerbare_universet" title="Det observerbare universet">Det observerbare universet</a> er den delen av universet <a href="/wiki/Lys" title="Lys">lys</a> kan ha nådd oss fra siden universet ble skapt. Muligens inneholder universet kun 4 % <a href="/wiki/Lysende_materie" title="Lysende materie">lysende materie</a>, mens 22 % er <a href="/wiki/M%C3%B8rk_materie" title="Mørk materie">mørk materie</a> og 74 % <a href="/wiki/M%C3%B8rk_energi" title="Mørk energi">mørk energi</a>.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">En <a href="/wiki/Mengde" title="Mengde">mengde</a> av partikkelklynger i <a href="/wiki/Vakuum" title="Vakuum">vakuum</a> er</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gass" title="Gass">Gass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atmosf%C3%A6re" title="Atmosfære">Atmosfære</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solvind" title="Solvind">Solvind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stjernevind" title="Stjernevind">Stjernevind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmisk_str%C3%A5ling" title="Kosmisk stråling">Kosmisk stråling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asteroidebeltet" title="Asteroidebeltet">Asteroidebeltet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stjernehop" title="Stjernehop">Stjernehop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stjernet%C3%A5ke" title="Stjernetåke">Stjernetåke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solsystemet" title="Solsystemet">Solsystemet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planetsystem" title="Planetsystem">Planetsystem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galaksehop" title="Galaksehop">Galaksehop</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="7" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:00Galaxy_NGC1300.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/00Galaxy_NGC1300.jpg/200px-00Galaxy_NGC1300.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/82/00Galaxy_NGC1300.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="271" data-file-height="271" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Galakse" title="Galakse">Galakserelaterte</a> artikler</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aktiv_galaksekjerne" title="Aktiv galaksekjerne">Aktiv galaksekjerne</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Seyfert-galakse" title="Seyfert-galakse">Seyfert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kvasar" title="Kvasar">Kvasar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blazar" title="Blazar">Blazar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melkeveien" title="Melkeveien">Melkeveien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messierkatalogen" title="Messierkatalogen">Messierobjekt</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Stjernerelaterte artikler inkl. <a href="/wiki/Spektralklasse" title="Spektralklasse">spektralklasser</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Astronomi" title="Astronomi">Astronomi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brun_dverg" title="Brun dverg">Brun dverg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hvit_dverg" title="Hvit dverg">Hvit dverg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stjerne" title="Stjerne">Stjerne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kjempestjerne" title="Kjempestjerne">Kjempestjerne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%B8d_kjempe" title="Rød kjempe">Rød kjempe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C3%B8ytronstjerne" title="Nøytronstjerne">Nøytronstjerne</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pulsar" title="Pulsar">pulsar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rrat" title="Rrat">rrat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnetar" title="Magnetar">magnetar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Q-stjerne" title="Q-stjerne">Q-stjerne</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Preonstjerne" title="Preonstjerne">preonstjerne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kvarkstjerne" title="Kvarkstjerne">Kvarkstjerne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sort_hull" title="Sort hull">Sort hull</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Stjernebegivenheter</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Supernova" title="Supernova">Supernova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypernova" title="Hypernova">Hypernova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planetarisk_t%C3%A5ke" title="Planetarisk tåke">Planetarisk tåke</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mindre himmellegemer</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gasskjempe" title="Gasskjempe">Gasskjempe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planet" title="Planet">Planet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naturlig_satellitt" title="Naturlig satellitt">Måne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Komet" title="Komet">Komet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meteoritt" title="Meteoritt">Meteoritt</a> (<a href="/wiki/Meteor" title="Meteor">meteor</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dvergplanet" title="Dvergplanet">Dvergplanet</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asteroide" title="Asteroide">asteroide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sm%C3%A5planet" title="Småplanet">småplanet</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Romfart" title="Romfart">Romfart</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Romelevator" title="Romelevator">Romelevator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romskip" title="Romskip">Romfartøy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Romferge" title="Romferge">romferge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romskip" title="Romskip">romskip</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romsonde" title="Romsonde">Romsonde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romstasjon" title="Romstasjon">Romstasjon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romfarer" title="Romfarer">Romfarer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Andre emner</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Himmelhvelving" title="Himmelhvelving">Himmelhvelving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Himmellegeme" title="Himmellegeme">Himmellegeme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naturlig_satellitt" title="Naturlig satellitt">Satellitt (drabant)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bane" title="Bane">Omløpsbane</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kosmologi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Big_Bang" title="Big Bang">Big Bang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Big_Crunch" title="Big Crunch">Big Crunch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Big_Rip" title="Big Rip">Big Rip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ormehull" title="Ormehull">Ormehull</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Portal"><img alt="Portal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Portal-puzzle.svg/16px-Portal-puzzle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Portal-puzzle.svg/24px-Portal-puzzle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Portal-puzzle.svg/32px-Portal-puzzle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="32" data-file-height="28" /></span></span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Astronomi" title="Portal:Astronomi">Portal:Astronomi</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons-side"><img alt="Commons-side" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/16px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/32px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Universe" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Universe">Category:Universe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referanser">Referanser</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmologi&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Rediger avsnitt: Referanser" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmologi&action=edit&section=8" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Referanser"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0302209">First Year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) Observations: Determination of Cosmological Parameters</a></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kilder">Kilder</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmologi&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Rediger avsnitt: Kilder" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmologi&action=edit&section=9" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Kilder"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Callin, P., Pålsgård J., Stadsnes, R., Tellefsen, C.T (2007) <i>Fysikk 1</i> H. Aschehoug & Co. (W. Nygaard) 2007</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Eksterne_lenker">Eksterne lenker</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmologi&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Rediger avsnitt: Eksterne lenker" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmologi&action=edit&section=10" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Eksterne lenker"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="bjeller languageicon" style="color: var(--color-subtle, #54595d);cursor:help;" title="engelsk">(en)</span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Cosmology" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Cosmology">Cosmology</a> – kategori av bilder, video eller lyd på <a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons">Commons</a> <span class="noprint plainlinks wikidata-linkback wd_p373"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q338?uselang=nb#P373" title="Rediger på Wikidata"><img alt="Rediger på Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r23230704"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r24561737"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Oppslagsverk/autoritetsdata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th id="Oppslagsverk/autoritetsdata" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hjelp:Autoritetsdata" title="Hjelp:Autoritetsdata">Oppslagsverk/autoritetsdata</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snl.no/kosmologi">Store norske leksikon</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://denstoredanske.lex.dk/kosmologi">Store Danske Encyklopædi</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/science/cosmology-astronomy">Encyclopædia Britannica</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://brockhaus.de/ecs/enzy/article/kosmologie">Brockhaus Enzyklopädie</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.universalis.fr/encyclopedie/cosmologie/">Encyclopædia Universalis</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4114294-9">GND</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85033169">LCCN</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119317955">BNF</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119317955">BNF (data)</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00574083">NDL</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph114989">NKC</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/things/a4cd3cb9-bac2-4b94-ab36-433bf7946a8c">BBC Things</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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