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class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Jodium rootpage-Jodium skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Gaan na inhoud</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Werf"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Hoofkieslys" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Hoofkieslys</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Hoofkieslys</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">skuif na kantbalk</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">versteek</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigasie </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Tuisblad" title="Besoek die Tuisblad [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Tuisblad</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Gebruikersportaal" title="Meer oor die projek, wat jy kan doen, nuttige skakels"><span>Gebruikersportaal</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Geselshoekie" title="Agtergrondinligting oor aktuele sake"><span>Geselshoekie</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Onlangse_wysigings" title="'n Lys van onlangse wysigings [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Onlangse wysigings</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Lukraak" title="Laai 'n lukrake bladsye [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Lukrake bladsy</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Contents" title="Vind meer uit oor iets"><span>Hulp</span></a></li><li id="n-Sandput" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Sandput"><span>Sandput</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Tuisblad" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-af.svg" width="118" height="13" style="width: 7.375em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Soek" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Deursoek Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Soek</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Deursoek Wikipedia" aria-label="Deursoek Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Deursoek Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Spesiaal:Soek"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Soek</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Persoonlike gereedskap"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Voorkoms"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Voorkoms" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Voorkoms</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_af.wikipedia.org&uselang=af" class=""><span>Skenkings</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:SkepRekening&returnto=Jodium" title="U word aangemoedig om 'n gebruiker te skep en aan te meld, hoewel dit nie verpligtend is nie." class=""><span>Skep gebruiker</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:Teken_in&returnto=Jodium" title="U word aangemoedig om aan te meld. Dit is egter nie verpligtend nie. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Meld aan</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Meer opsies" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Persoonlike gereedskap" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Persoonlike gereedskap</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_af.wikipedia.org&uselang=af"><span>Skenkings</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:SkepRekening&returnto=Jodium" title="U word aangemoedig om 'n gebruiker te skep en aan te meld, hoewel dit nie verpligtend is nie."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Skep gebruiker</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:Teken_in&returnto=Jodium" title="U word aangemoedig om aan te meld. Dit is egter nie verpligtend nie. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Meld aan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Bladsye vir uitgemelde redakteurs <a href="/wiki/Hulp:Inleiding" aria-label="Leer meer oor redigering"><span>leer meer</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Mybydrae" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Bydraes</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Mybespreking" title="Bespreking oor bydraes van hierdie IP-adres [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Bespreking</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Werf"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Inhoud" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Inhoud</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">skuif na kantbalk</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">versteek</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inleiding</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Eienskappe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eienskappe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Eienskappe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eienskappe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geskiedenis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geskiedenis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Geskiedenis</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geskiedenis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gebruike" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gebruike"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Gebruike</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gebruike-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Natuurlike_verspreiding" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Natuurlike_verspreiding"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Natuurlike verspreiding</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Natuurlike_verspreiding-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bronne" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bronne"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Bronne</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bronne-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Beskrywende_chemie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Beskrywende_chemie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Beskrywende chemie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Beskrywende_chemie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Jodium_se_biologiese_rol" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jodium_se_biologiese_rol"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Jodium se biologiese rol</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Jodium_se_biologiese_rol-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Wissel Jodium se biologiese rol subafdeling</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Jodium_se_biologiese_rol-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Jodium_in_die_mens_se_dieet" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jodium_in_die_mens_se_dieet"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Jodium in die mens se dieet</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Jodium_in_die_mens_se_dieet-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Isotope" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Isotope"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Isotope</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Isotope-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Voorsorgmaatreëls" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Voorsorgmaatreëls"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Voorsorgmaatreëls</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Voorsorgmaatreëls-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Verwysings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Verwysings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Verwysings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Verwysings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eksterne_skakels" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eksterne_skakels"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Eksterne skakels</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eksterne_skakels-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Inhoud" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Wissel die inhoudsopgawe" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Wissel die inhoudsopgawe</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Jodium</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gaan na 'n artikel in 'n ander taal. Beskikbaar in 153 tale" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-153" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">153 tale</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%A0%E1%8B%AE%E1%8B%B2%E1%8A%95" title="አዮዲን – Amharies" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="አዮዲን" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yodo" title="Yodo – Aragonees" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Yodo" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8" title="आयोडीन – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="आयोडीन" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%AF" title="يود – Arabies" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="يود" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%AF" title="يود – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="يود" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%AF" title="يود – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="يود" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yodu" title="Yodu – Asturies" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Yodu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yod" title="Yod – Azerbeidjans" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Yod" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbeidjans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%AF" title="یود – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="یود" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Иод – Baskir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Иод" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Baskir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yodium" title="Yodium – Balinees" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Yodium" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iyodo" title="Iyodo – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Iyodo" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%81%D0%B4" title="Ёд – Belarussies" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Ёд" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarussies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%81%D0%B4" title="Ёд – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Ёд" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%99%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Йод – Bulgaars" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Йод" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8" title="आयोडीन – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="आयोडीन" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aiodin" title="Aiodin – Bislama" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Aiodin" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="Bislama" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bislama</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8" title="আয়োডিন – Bengaals" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="আয়োডিন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengaals" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A3%E0%BE%A6%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%9A%E0%BE%AD%E0%BC%8D" title="ལྦ་ཚྭ། – Tibettaans" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ལྦ་ཚྭ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibettaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iod" title="Iod – Bretons" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Iod" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Bretons" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jod" title="Jod – Bosnies" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Jod" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iode" title="Iode – Katalaans" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Iode" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Di%C4%93ng" title="Diēng – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Diēng" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yodo" title="Yodo – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Yodo" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%DB%86%D8%AF" title="یۆد – Sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="یۆد" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iodiu" title="Iodiu – Korsikaans" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Iodiu" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Korsikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jod" title="Jod – Tsjeggies" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Jod" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tsjeggies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Иод – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Иод" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Fodin" title="Ïodin – Wallies" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Ïodin" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Wallies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jod" title="Jod – Deens" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Jod" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Deens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iod" title="Iod – Duits" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Iod" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0yod" title="İyod – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="İyod" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%87%DE%A6%DE%94%DE%AE%DE%91%DE%A8%DE%82%DE%B0" title="އަޔޮޑިން – Divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="އަޔޮޑިން" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="Divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%99%CF%8E%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Ιώδιο – Grieks" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ιώδιο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Grieks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iodine" title="Iodine – Engels" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Iodine" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jodo" title="Jodo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Jodo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yodo" title="Yodo – Spaans" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Yodo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jood" title="Jood – Estnies" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Jood" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estnies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iodo" title="Iodo – Baskies" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Iodo" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D8%AF" title="ید – Persies" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ید" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jodi" title="Jodi – Fins" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Jodi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Fins" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jod" title="Jod – Faroëes" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Jod" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroëes" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iode" title="Iode – Frans" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Iode" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Frans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jood" title="Jood – Noord-Fries" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Jood" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Noord-Fries" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jodi" title="Jodi – Friuliaans" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Jodi" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friuliaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iaid%C3%ADn" title="Iaidín – Iers" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Iaidín" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Iers" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A2%98" title="碘 – Gan-Sjinees" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="碘" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan-Sjinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aidhodain" title="Aidhodain – Skotse Gallies" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Aidhodain" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Skotse Gallies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iodo" title="Iodo – Galisies" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Iodo" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galisies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%86%E0%AA%AF%E0%AB%8B%E0%AA%A1%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%A8" title="આયોડિન – Goedjarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="આયોડિન" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Goedjarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eeadeen" title="Eeadeen – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Eeadeen" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ti%C3%A9n" title="Tién – Hakka-Sjinees" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Tién" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka-Sjinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%99%D7%95%D7%93" title="יוד – Hebreeus" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="יוד" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebreeus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8" title="आयोडिन – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="आयोडिन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iodine" title="Iodine – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Iodine" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jod" title="Jod – Kroaties" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Jod" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroaties" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Y%C3%B2d" title="Yòd – Haïtiaans" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Yòd" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haïtiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%B3d" title="Jód – Hongaars" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Jód" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hongaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%85%D5%B8%D5%A4" title="Յոդ – Armeens" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Յոդ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iodo" title="Iodo – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Iodo" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iodin" title="Iodin – Indonesies" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Iodin" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iodo" title="Iodo – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Iodo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jo%C3%B0" title="Joð – Yslands" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Joð" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Yslands" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iodio" title="Iodio – Italiaans" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Iodio" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A8%E3%82%A6%E7%B4%A0" title="ヨウ素 – Japannees" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ヨウ素" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japannees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/zirkliru" title="zirkliru – Lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="zirkliru" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="Lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yodium" title="Yodium – Javaans" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Yodium" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%98%E1%83%9D%E1%83%93%E1%83%98" title="იოდი – Georgies" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="იოდი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C6%96y%C9%94d%C9%A9" title="Ɩyɔdɩ – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Ɩyɔdɩ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%99%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Йод – Kazaks" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Йод" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazaks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%85%E0%B2%AF%E0%B3%8A%E0%B2%A1%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D" title="ಅಯೊಡಿನ್ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಅಯೊಡಿನ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%84%EC%9D%B4%EC%98%A4%EB%94%98" title="아이오딘 – Koreaans" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="아이오딘" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Koreaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%DB%8C%D9%88%DA%88%DB%8C%D9%86" title="آیوڈین – Kasjmirs" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="آیوڈین" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="Kasjmirs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%99%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Йод – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Йод" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iodin" title="Iodin – Kornies" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Iodin" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Kornies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Иод – Kirgisies" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Иод" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kirgisies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iodum" title="Iodum – Latyn" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Iodum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iod" title="Iod – Luxemburgs" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Iod" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxemburgs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lg mw-list-item"><a href="https://lg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayodiini_(Iodine)" title="Ayodiini (Iodine) – Ganda" lang="lg" hreflang="lg" data-title="Ayodiini (Iodine)" data-language-autonym="Luganda" data-language-local-name="Ganda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Luganda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jodium" title="Jodium – Limburgs" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Jodium" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iodio" title="Iodio – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Iodio" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iodie" title="Iodie – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Iodie" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iodio" title="Iodio – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Iodio" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BB%84%E0%BA%AD%E0%BB%82%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%99" title="ໄອໂອດິນ – Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ໄອໂອດິນ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Lao" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jodas" title="Jodas – Litaus" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Jodas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Litaus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jods_(elements)" title="Jods (elements) – Letties" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Jods (elements)" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Letties" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%88%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Јод – Masedonies" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Јод" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Masedonies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B5%BB" title="അയോഡിൻ – Malabaars" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="അയോഡിൻ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malabaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Иод – Mongools" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Иод" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8" title="आयोडीन – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="आयोडीन" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Иод – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Иод" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iodin" title="Iodin – Maleis" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Iodin" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Maleis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%A1%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%92%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8" title="အိုင်အိုဒင်း – Birmaans" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အိုင်အိုဒင်း" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Birmaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Иод – Erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Иод" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jod" title="Jod – Nederduits" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Jod" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Nederduits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8" title="आयोडिन – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="आयोडिन" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jodium_(element)" title="Jodium (element) – Nederlands" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Jodium (element)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Nederlands" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jod" title="Jod – Nuwe Noors" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Jod" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Nuwe Noors" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jod" title="Jod – Boeknoors" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Jod" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Boeknoors" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%C3%B2de" title="Iòde – Oksitaans" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Iòde" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Oksitaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joudu" title="Joudu – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Joudu" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%86%E0%AD%9F%E0%AD%8B%E0%AC%A1%E0%AC%BC%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%A8" title="ଆୟୋଡ଼ିନ – Oriya" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଆୟୋଡ଼ିନ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Oriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%99%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Йод – Osseties" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Йод" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Osseties" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%87%E0%A8%93%E0%A8%A1%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%A8" title="ਆਇਓਡੀਨ – Pandjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਆਇਓਡੀਨ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Pandjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8" title="आयोडिन – Pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="आयोडिन" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="Pali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>पालि</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jod" title="Jod – Pools" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Jod" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Pools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%B2dio" title="Jòdio – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Jòdio" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%A6%DB%8C%D9%88%DA%88%DB%8C%D9%86" title="آئیوڈین – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="آئیوڈین" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%8A%D9%88%DA%89%D9%8A%D9%86" title="آيوډين – Pasjtoe" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="آيوډين" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pasjtoe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iodo" title="Iodo – Portugees" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Iodo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yutyu" title="Yutyu – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Yutyu" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="voorbladartikel"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iod" title="Iod – Roemeens" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Iod" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Roemeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iodu" title="Iodu – Aromanies" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Iodu" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="Aromanies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Иод – Russies" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Иод" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D" title="अयोडिन् – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="अयोडिन्" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%B2diu" title="Jòdiu – Sardinies" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Jòdiu" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iodiu" title="Iodiu – Sisiliaans" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Iodiu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sisiliaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jod" title="Jod – Serwo-Kroaties" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Jod" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serwo-Kroaties" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iodine" title="Iodine – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Iodine" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%B3d" title="Jód – Slowaaks" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Jód" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slowaaks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%A6%DB%8C%D9%88%DA%88%DB%8C%D9%86" title="آئیوڈین – Saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="آئیوڈین" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="Saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سرائیکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jod" title="Jod – Sloweens" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Jod" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Sloweens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aaydhiin" title="Aaydhiin – Somalies" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Aaydhiin" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somalies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jodi" title="Jodi – Albanees" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Jodi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%88%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Јод – Serwies" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Јод" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serwies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iod" title="Iod – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Iod" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yodium" title="Yodium – Sundanees" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Yodium" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jod" title="Jod – Sweeds" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Jod" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Sweeds" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iodini" title="Iodini – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Iodini" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D" title="அயோடின் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="அயோடின்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%85%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" title="అయోడిన్ – Teloegoe" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="అయోడిన్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Teloegoe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%99%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Йод – Tadjiks" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Йод" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tadjiks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%99" title="ไอโอดีน – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ไอโอดีน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yodo" title="Yodo – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Yodo" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0yot" title="İyot – Turks" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="İyot" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Иод – Tataars" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Иод" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tataars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Иод – Tuvinees" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Иод" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="Tuvinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тыва дыл</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%AF" title="يود – Uighur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="يود" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uighur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%99%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Йод – Oekraïens" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Йод" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Oekraïens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%DB%8C%D9%88%DA%88%DB%8C%D9%86" title="آیوڈین – Oerdoe" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="آیوڈین" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Oerdoe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yod" title="Yod – Oezbeeks" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Yod" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Oezbeeks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jod" title="Jod – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Jod" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iod" title="Iod – Viëtnamees" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Iod" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Viëtnamees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iodo" title="Iodo – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Iodo" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A2%98" title="碘 – Wu-Sjinees" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="碘" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu-Sjinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%99%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Йод – Kalmyk" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="Йод" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="Kalmyk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Хальмг</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%99%D7%90%D7%93" title="יאד – Jiddisj" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="יאד" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Jiddisj" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iod%C3%ADn%C3%AC" title="Iodínì – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Iodínì" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A2%98" title="碘 – Chinees" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="碘" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A2%98" title="碘 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="碘" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ak-s%C3%B2%CD%98" title="Ak-sò͘ – Min Nan-Sjinees" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Ak-sò͘" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Min Nan-Sjinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A2%98" title="碘 – Kantonees" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="碘" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kantonees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inkwithi" title="Inkwithi – Zoeloe" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Inkwithi" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zoeloe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1103#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Wysig skakels tussen tale" class="wbc-editpage">Wysig skakels</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Naamruimtes"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Jodium" title="Bekyk die inhoudbladsy [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Bladsy</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a 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class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">skuif na kantbalk</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">versteek</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">in Wikipedia, die vrye ensiklopedie</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="af" dir="ltr"><table class="wikitable" align="right" border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" style="margin:0 0 0.5em 0.5em"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="2"> <table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0"> <tbody><tr> <td align="center"><span style="font-size:120%; font-weight:bold">53</span> </td> <td align="center" style="padding-left:2em"><span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Telluur" title="Telluur">telluur</a></span> ← <span style="font-size:120%">jodium</span> → <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Xenon" title="Xenon">xenon</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Broom" title="Broom">Br</a></span><br />↑<br /><span style="font-size:120%; font-weight:bold">I</span><br />↓<br /><span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Astaat" title="Astaat">At</a></span> </td> <td> <table> <tbody><tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:I-TableImage.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/I-TableImage.svg/300px-I-TableImage.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/I-TableImage.svg/450px-I-TableImage.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/I-TableImage.svg/600px-I-TableImage.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="673" data-file-height="203" /></a></span><div align="right"><a href="/wiki/Periodieke_tabel" title="Periodieke tabel">Periodieke tabel</a></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background:#ffff99; color:black;text-align: center">Algemeen </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lys_van_elemente_volgens_naam" title="Lys van elemente volgens naam">Naam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lys_van_elemente_volgens_simbool" title="Lys van elemente volgens simbool">simbool</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lys_van_elemente_volgens_getal" class="mw-redirect" title="Lys van elemente volgens getal">getal</a> </td> <td>jodium, I, 53 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Chemiese_reeks" title="Chemiese reeks">Chemiese reeks</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Halogeen" title="Halogeen">halogene</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Periodieke_tabel_groep" class="mw-redirect" title="Periodieke tabel groep">Groep</a>, <a href="/wiki/Periodieke_tabel_periode" class="mw-redirect" title="Periodieke tabel periode">periode</a>, <a href="/wiki/Periodieke_tabel_blok" class="mw-redirect" title="Periodieke tabel blok">blok</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Groep_17_element" class="mw-redirect" title="Groep 17 element">17</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Periode_5_element&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Periode 5 element (bladsy bestaan nie)">5</a>, <a href="/wiki/P-blok" title="P-blok">p</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kleur" title="Kleur">Voorkoms</a></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:I,53.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="donker pers grys, glansend"><img alt="donker pers grys, glansend" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/I%2C53.jpg/125px-I%2C53.jpg" decoding="async" width="125" height="69" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/I%2C53.jpg/188px-I%2C53.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/I%2C53.jpg/250px-I%2C53.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="333" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Atoommassa" title="Atoommassa">Atoommassa</a></td> <td>126.90447 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lys_van_elemente_volgens_atoommassa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lys van elemente volgens atoommassa (bladsy bestaan nie)">(3)</a> g/mol </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Elektronkonfigurasie" title="Elektronkonfigurasie">Elektronkonfigurasie</a></td> <td>[<a href="/wiki/Kripton" title="Kripton">Kr</a>] 4d<sup>10</sup> 5s<sup>2</sup> 5p<sup>5</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Elektron" title="Elektron">Elektrone</a> per <a href="/wiki/Elektronskil" title="Elektronskil">skil</a></td> <td>2, 8, 18, 18, 7 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background:#ffff99; color:black; text-align:center">Fisiese eienskappe </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Toestand_van_materie" title="Toestand van materie">Toestand</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Vastestof" class="mw-redirect" title="Vastestof">vastestof</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Digtheid" title="Digtheid">Digtheid</a> (naby <a href="/wiki/Kamertemperatuur" title="Kamertemperatuur">k.t.</a>)</td> <td>4.933 g/cm³ </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Smeltpunt" title="Smeltpunt">Smeltpunt</a></td> <td>386.85 <a href="/wiki/Kelvin" title="Kelvin">K</a><br />(113.7 °<a href="/wiki/Celsius" title="Celsius">C</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kookpunt" title="Kookpunt">Kookpunt</a></td> <td>457.4 <a href="/wiki/Kelvin" title="Kelvin">K</a><br />(184.3 °<a href="/wiki/Celsius" title="Celsius">C</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kritieke_punt" title="Kritieke punt">Kritieke punt</a></td> <td>819 <a href="/wiki/Kelvin" title="Kelvin">K</a>, 11.7 MPa </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Smeltingswarmte" title="Smeltingswarmte">Smeltingswarmte</a></td> <td>(I<sub>2</sub>) 15.52 <a href="/wiki/Kilojoule_per_mol" title="Kilojoule per mol">kJ/mol</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Verdampingswarmte" title="Verdampingswarmte">Verdampingswarmte</a></td> <td>(I<sub>2</sub>) 41.57 <a href="/wiki/Kilojoule_per_mol" title="Kilojoule per mol">kJ/mol</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Warmtekapasiteit" title="Warmtekapasiteit">Warmtekapasiteit</a></td> <td>(25 °C) (I<sub>2</sub>) 54.44 J/(mol·K) </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"> <table class="wikitable"> <caption><a href="/wiki/Dampdruk" title="Dampdruk">Dampdruk</a> (rombies) </caption> <tbody><tr> <td><i>P</i>/Pa</td> <td>1</td> <td>10</td> <td>100</td> <td>1 k</td> <td>10 k</td> <td>100 k </td></tr> <tr> <td>teen <i>T</i>/K</td> <td>260</td> <td>282</td> <td>309</td> <td>342</td> <td>381</td> <td>457 </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background:#ffff99; color:black; text-align:center">Atoomeienskappe </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kristalstruktuur" title="Kristalstruktuur">Kristalstruktuur</a></td> <td>ortorombies </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Oksidasietoestand" title="Oksidasietoestand">Oksidasietoestande</a></td> <td>±1, 5, 7<br />(sterk <a href="/wiki/Suur" title="Suur">suur</a> oksied) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Elektronegatiwiteit" title="Elektronegatiwiteit">Elektronegatiwiteit</a></td> <td>2.66 (<a href="/wiki/Skaal_van_Pauling" title="Skaal van Pauling">Skaal van Pauling</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3" valign="top"><a href="/wiki/Ionisasie-energie" title="Ionisasie-energie">Ionisasie-energieë</a> </td> <td>1ste: 1008.4 <a href="/wiki/Kilojoule_per_mol" title="Kilojoule per mol">kJ/mol</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2de: 1845.9 kJ/mol </td></tr> <tr> <td>3de: 3180 kJ/mol </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Atoomradius" title="Atoomradius">Atoomradius</a></td> <td>140 <a href="/wiki/Picometer" class="mw-redirect" title="Picometer">pm</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Atoomradius" title="Atoomradius">Atoomradius</a> (ber.)</td> <td>115 <a href="/wiki/Picometer" class="mw-redirect" title="Picometer">pm</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kovalente_radius" class="mw-redirect" title="Kovalente radius">Kovalente radius</a></td> <td>133 <a href="/wiki/Picometer" class="mw-redirect" title="Picometer">pm</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Van_der_Waals-radius" title="Van der Waals-radius">Van der Waals-radius</a></td> <td>198 <a href="/wiki/Picometer" class="mw-redirect" title="Picometer">pm</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background:#ffff99; color:black;text-align:center">Diverse </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Magnetisme" title="Magnetisme">Magnetiese rangskikking</a></td> <td>nie-magneties </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Elektriese_weerstand" class="mw-redirect" title="Elektriese weerstand">Elektriese weerstand</a></td> <td>(0 °C) 1.3×10<sup>7</sup> Ω·m </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Henry_se_wet" title="Henry se wet">Henry se konstante</a></td> <td>3,3 [L/mol.atm] 4600 [K] <sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Termiese_geleidingsvermo%C3%AB" title="Termiese geleidingsvermoë">Termiese geleidingsvermoë</a></td> <td>(300 K) 0.449 <a href="/wiki/Watt_per_meter-kelvin" class="mw-redirect" title="Watt per meter-kelvin">W/(m·K)</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Massamodulus" title="Massamodulus">Massamodulus</a></td> <td>7.7 GPa </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/CAS-registernommer" title="CAS-registernommer">CAS-registernommer</a></td> <td>7553-56-2 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background:#ffff99; color:black;text-align:center">Vernaamste isotope </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Isotope van Jodium </caption> <tbody><tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Isotoop" title="Isotoop">iso</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Natuurlike_verspreiding" class="mw-redirect" title="Natuurlike verspreiding">NV</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Halfleeftyd" title="Halfleeftyd">halfleeftyd</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Vervalmodus" class="mw-redirect" title="Vervalmodus">VM</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Vervalenergie" title="Vervalenergie">VE</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Elektronvolt" title="Elektronvolt">MeV</a>)</small> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Vervalproduk" title="Vervalproduk">VP</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td><sup>127</sup>I </td> <td>100% </td> <td colspan="4">I is <a href="/wiki/Stabiele_isotoop" title="Stabiele isotoop">stabiel</a> met 74 <a href="/wiki/Neutron" title="Neutron">neutrone</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><sup>129</sup>I </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sintetiese_radio-isotoop" class="mw-redirect" title="Sintetiese radio-isotoop">sin</a> </td> <td>15.7×10<sup>6</sup><a href="/wiki/Jaar" title="Jaar">j</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Beta-uitstraling" class="mw-redirect" title="Beta-uitstraling">ß<sup>-</sup></a> </td> <td>0.194 </td> <td><sup>129</sup><a href="/wiki/Xenon" title="Xenon">Xe</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><sup>131</sup>I </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sintetiese_radio-isotoop" class="mw-redirect" title="Sintetiese radio-isotoop">sin</a> </td> <td>8.02070 <a href="/wiki/Dag" title="Dag">d</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Beta-uitstraling" class="mw-redirect" title="Beta-uitstraling">ß<sup>-</sup></a> </td> <td>0.971 </td> <td><sup>131</sup><a href="/wiki/Xenon" title="Xenon">Xe</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background:#ffff99; color:black;text-align:center">Portaal <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Portal.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/20px-Portal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/30px-Portal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/40px-Portal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="36" data-file-height="32" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portaal:Chemie" title="Portaal:Chemie">Chemie</a> </th></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Jodium</b> is ’n <a href="/wiki/Chemiese_element" title="Chemiese element">chemiese element</a> met die simbool I en ’n <a href="/wiki/Atoomgetal" title="Atoomgetal">atoomgetal</a> van 53. Jodium, wat natuurlik voorkom, bestaan uit ’n enkele isotoop met 74 neutrone. Jodium is die <a href="/wiki/Halogeen" title="Halogeen">halogeen</a> met die laagste reaktiwiteit en is ook die <a href="/wiki/Elektronegatiwiteit" title="Elektronegatiwiteit">elektropositiefste</a> halogeen naas <a href="/wiki/Astaat" title="Astaat">astaat</a>. Die element kom egter nie in sy ongebinde vorm in die natuur voor nie. Soos al die ander halogene (groep VII-elemente) vorm jodium <a href="/wiki/Diatomiese_molekuul" title="Diatomiese molekuul">diatomiese molekules</a> in sy suiwer vorm (<b>I<sub>2</sub></b>). </p><p>Jodium en sy verbindings word hoofsaaklik vir medisinale redes, <a href="/wiki/Fotografie" title="Fotografie">fotografie</a> en in kleurstowwe gebruik. Jodium is hoogs oplosbaar in water en kom in seewater voor. Dit kan moontlik help om te verduidelik hoe dit gebeur het dat alle <a href="/wiki/Dier" title="Dier">diere</a>, en sommige <a href="/wiki/Plant" title="Plant">plante</a>, jodium in spoorhoeveelhede in hulle diëte vereis. Die hoë atoomgetal maak dit ’n relatief seldsame element. Die element is die swaarste noodsaaklike element wat deur lewende organismes gebruik word. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Eienskappe">Eienskappe</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jodium&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Wysig afdeling: Eienskappe" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jodium&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Eienskappe"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Onder standaardtoestande is jodium ’n donkerpers/donkerbruin vastestof. Hierdie halogeen vorm verbindings met baie elemente, maar is minder reaktief as ander lede van die groep VII-elemente en het ’n effense metaalglans. </p><p>Elementêre jodium los maklik op in <a href="/wiki/Chloroform" title="Chloroform">chloroform</a> en <a href="/wiki/Koolstoftetrachloried" class="mw-redirect" title="Koolstoftetrachloried">koolstoftetrachloried</a>. Die oplosbaarheid van elementêre jodium in water kan baie verhoog word deur kaliumjodied by te voeg. Die molekulêre jodium reageer omkeerbaar met die negatiewe ioon wat die trijodied<a href="/wiki/Anioon" class="mw-redirect" title="Anioon">anioon</a> vorm, I<sub>3</sub>, wat goed in water oplos. Hierdie vorm ook die basis vir die formulerings van sommige medisinale (antiseptiese) jodium. Die diepblou kleur van stysel-jodium-komplekse word slegs deur die vrye element gevorm. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geskiedenis">Geskiedenis</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jodium&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Wysig afdeling: Geskiedenis" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jodium&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Geskiedenis"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Jodium is in 1811 deur Bernard Courtois ontdek. Sy vader was ’n vervaardiger van salpeter (’n belangrike komponent van <a href="/wiki/Buskruit" title="Buskruit">buskruit</a>). Met die uitbreek van die <a href="/wiki/Napoleontiese_Oorlo%C3%AB" title="Napoleontiese Oorloë">Napoleontiese Oorloë</a>, was salpeter in aanvraag gewees. Op daardie tydstip in <a href="/wiki/Frankryk" title="Frankryk">Frankryk</a> is <a href="/wiki/Natriumkarbonaat" title="Natriumkarbonaat">natriumkarbonaat</a> in die vervaardiging daarvan gebruik wat verkry is deur <a href="/wiki/Seewier" title="Seewier">seewier</a> te verbrand en die as met water te was. Die oorblywende afval is vernietig deur <a href="/wiki/Swaelsuur" title="Swaelsuur">swaelsuur</a> by te voeg. Courtois het op ’n dag te veel swaelsuur bygevoeg en ’n pers damp het ontstaan. Courtois het toe opgemerk dat die damp op koue oppervlaktes gekristalliseer het om donker kristalle te vorm. Courtois het vermoed dat dit ’n nuwe element was, maar het nie die hulpbronne gehad om sy waarnemings verder te ondersoek nie. </p><p>Hy het egter van sy monsters aan sy vriende, Charles Bernard Desormes (1777–1862) en Nicolas Clément (1779–1841) gegee om die navorsing te doen. Hy het ook van die stof vir Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac (1778–1850), ’n bekende chemikus van daardie tyd, en aan die fisikus, <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9-Marie_Amp%C3%A8re" title="André-Marie Ampère">André-Marie Ampère</a> (1775–1836) gegee. Op <a href="/wiki/29_November" title="29 November">29 November</a> <a href="/wiki/1813" title="1813">1813</a>, het Desormes en Clément Courtois se ontdekking openbaar gemaak. Hulle het die stof beskryf by ’n vergadering van die Koninklike Instituut van Frankryk. Op 6 Desember het Gay-Lussac aangekondig dat die stof óf ’n element was, óf ’n verbinding van suurstof. Ampère het van sy monster aan <a href="/wiki/Humphry_Davy" title="Humphry Davy">Humphry Davy</a> (1778–1829) gegee. Davy het eksperimente op die stof gedoen en die ooreenkomste met <a href="/wiki/Chloor" title="Chloor">chloor</a> opgemerk. Davy het op <a href="/wiki/10_Desember" title="10 Desember">10 Desember</a> ’n brief aan die Koninklike Vereniging van London gestuur waarin hy aangekondig het dat hy ’n nuwe element geïdentifiseer het. ’n Argument het toe tussen Davy en Lussac ontstaan oor wie die eerste was om jodium as ’n element te identifiseer, maar beide het egter erken dat Courtois die eerste was om die element te isoleer. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gebruike">Gebruike</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jodium&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Wysig afdeling: Gebruike" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jodium&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Gebruike"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Jodium word gebruik in farmaseutiese produkte, antiseptikums, medisyne, voedselbymiddels, kleurstowwe, kataliste, halogeenligte, fotografie, <a href="/wiki/Watersuiwering" title="Watersuiwering">watersuiwering</a> en vir die identifisering van stysel. </p> <ul><li>Jodiumtinktuur, met ’n konsentrasie van 10% in <a href="/wiki/Etanol" title="Etanol">etanol</a>, word gebruik om wonde te ontsmet en ook om water te suiwer. Alkoholvrye jodiumoplossings word ook vir hierdie doeleinde aangewend.</li> <li>Jodium-verbindings is belangrik in <a href="/wiki/Organiese_chemie" title="Organiese chemie">organiese chemie</a>.</li> <li>Jodium is ’n swaar element en is nie baie radiogolfdeursigtig nie. Organiese verbindings van ’n sekere soort (tipies jodiumverplaasde-benseenafgeleides) word dus in <a href="/wiki/Geneeskunde" title="Geneeskunde">geneeskunde</a> gebruik as radiokontrasmiddels tydens x-straalondersoeke. Dit word dikwels met gevorderde x-straaltegnieke soos angiografie en rekenaartomografieskandering gebruik.</li> <li>Silwerjodied word in fotografie gebruik.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolfram" title="Wolfram">Wolframjodied</a> word gebruik om filamente in gloeilampe te stabiliseer.</li> <li>Jodiumkristalle word ook gebruik in die vervaardiging van NI<sub>3,</sub> oftewel stikstoftrijodied. Hierdie verbinding is ’n skoksensitiewe <a href="/wiki/Plofstof" class="mw-redirect" title="Plofstof">plofstof</a> in sy droë vorm. Dit word dikwels gebruik as speelding om poetse te bak. Die stof het egter nie kommersiële nut nie aangesien dit hoogs sensitief is.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Natuurlike_verspreiding">Natuurlike verspreiding</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jodium&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Wysig afdeling: Natuurlike verspreiding" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jodium&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Natuurlike verspreiding"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Jodium kom hoofsaaklik in die natuur voor in die vorm van ’n opgeloste jodied in seewater. Dit kan egter ook in sommige minerale en <a href="/wiki/Grondsoorte" title="Grondsoorte">grondsoorte</a> aangetref word. Die element kan in sy suiwer vorm verkry word deur kaliumjodied met kopersulfaat te laat reageer. Daar is ook verskeie ander metodes om die element in die laboratorium te isoleer – onder andere die metode om byvoorbeeld halogene te isoleer deur die <a href="/wiki/Oksidasie" title="Oksidasie">oksidasie</a> van die jodied in jodiumsuur deur middel van mangaandioksied. Alhoewel die element in der waarheid uiters seldsaam is, het kelp en sekere algesoorte die vermoë om jodium te konsentreer, wat help om die element in die <a href="/wiki/Voedselketting" title="Voedselketting">voedselketting</a> vry te stel. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bronne">Bronne</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jodium&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Wysig afdeling: Bronne" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jodium&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Bronne"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Jodium word aangetref in die mineraal genaamd <i>caliche</i> wat in <a href="/wiki/Chili" title="Chili">Chili</a> tussen die <a href="/wiki/Andes" title="Andes">Andes</a> en die see aangetref word. Dit word ook in sommige seewiere aangetref en kan ook vanuit seewater onttrek word. </p><p>Die onttrekking van jodium uit seewater word deur middel van elektrolise vermag. Die soutwater word eers gesuiwer en aangesuur met die byvoeging van <a href="/wiki/Swaelsuur" title="Swaelsuur">swaelsuur</a> en word dan met chloor gereageer. ’n Jodium-oplossing word sodoende vervaardig wat dan nog té verdun is en daarom gekonsentreer moet word. Om dit te vermag, word lug deur die oplossing geborrel wat veroorsaak dat die jodium verdamp. Hierná word deur in ’n absorpsietoring gestuur wat suur bevat met swaeldioksied daarby gevoeg sodat die jodium gereduseer kan word. Die oplossing word dan weer met chloor behandel om die oplossing verder te konsentreer en sodoende ’n finale oplossing van ongeveer 99% suiwerheid te lewer. </p><p>’n Ander bron is <a href="/wiki/Waaierkelp" title="Waaierkelp">kelp</a>. Hierdie bron is in die 18<sup>de</sup> en 19<sup>de</sup> eeue gebruik, maar is nie meer ekonomies lewensvatbaar nie. </p><p>In 2005 was Chili die top produsent van jodium met ongeveer twee derdes van die wêreldaandeel, gevolg deur Japan en die VSA aldus die <i>British Geological Survey</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Beskrywende_chemie">Beskrywende chemie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jodium&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Wysig afdeling: Beskrywende chemie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jodium&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Beskrywende chemie"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Elementêre</b> jodium is nie baie oplosbaar in water nie, met slegs een gram wat in 3 450 ml teen 20 °C en 1 280 ml teen 50 °C sal oplos. In teenstelling met <a href="/wiki/Chloor" title="Chloor">chloor</a>, is die vorming van die hipohalietioon (IO<sup>–</sup>) van jodium in neutrale wateroplossings nalaatbaar klein. </p> <dl><dd><dl><dd>I<sub>2</sub>+ H<sub>2</sub>O ↔ H<sup>+</sup> + I<sup>−</sup> + HIO   (<i>K</i> = 2,0×10<sup>−13</sup>)<sup id="cite_ref-cw_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cw-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl></dd></dl> <p>Oplosbaarheid in water word baie verhoog as die oplossing opgeloste jodiumsoute soos jodiumsuur, kaliumjodied of natriumjodied bevat; hierdie verhoging in oplosbaarheid is die resultaat van die hoë oplosbaarheid van die I<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> ioon. Opgelosde bromiede verhoog ook die oplosbaarheid van jodium in water. Jodium is oplosbaar in ’n verskeidenheid organiese oplosmiddels, insluitende <a href="/wiki/Etanol" title="Etanol">etanol</a> (20,5 g/100 ml teen 15 °C, 21,43 g/100 ml teen 25 °C), <a href="/wiki/Di%C3%ABtieleter" title="Diëtieleter">diëtieleter</a> (20,6 g/100 ml teen 17 °C, 25,20 g/100 ml teen 25 °C), chloroform, <a href="/wiki/Asynsuur" title="Asynsuur">asynsuur</a>, gliserol, <a href="/wiki/Benseen" title="Benseen">benseen</a> (14,09 g/100 ml teen 25 °C), koolstoftetrachloried (2,603 g/100 ml teen 35 °C) en <a href="/wiki/Koolstofdisulfied" title="Koolstofdisulfied">koolstofdisulfied</a> (16,47 g/100 ml teen 25 °C).<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Water- en etanoloplossings van jodium is bruin. Oplossings in chloroform, koolstoftetrachloried en koolstofdisulfied is pers. </p><p>Elementêre jodium kan vervaardig word deur jodiede met chloor te oksideer: </p> <dl><dd><dl><dd>2I<sup>−</sup> + Cl<sub>2</sub> → I<sub>2</sub> + 2Cl<sup>−</sup></dd></dl></dd></dl> <p>of deur middel van <a href="/wiki/Mangaandioksied" title="Mangaandioksied">mangaandioksied</a> in ’n suuroplossing:<sup id="cite_ref-cw_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cw-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dd><dl><dd>2I<sup>−</sup> + 4H<sup>+</sup> + MnO<sub>2</sub> → I<sub>2</sub> + 2H<sub>2</sub>O + Mn<sup>2+</sup></dd></dl></dd></dl> <p>Jodium word gereduseer na jodiumsuur deur middel van waterstofsulfied:<sup id="cite_ref-glinka_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-glinka-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dd><dl><dd>I<sub>2</sub> + H<sub>2</sub>S → 2HI + S↓</dd></dl></dd></dl> <p>of deur middel van <a href="/wiki/Hidrasien" title="Hidrasien">hidrasien</a>: </p> <dl><dd><dl><dd>2I<sub>2</sub> + N<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub> → 4HI + N<sub>2</sub></dd></dl></dd></dl> <p>Jodium word geoksideer na jodaat deur middel van <a href="/wiki/Salpetersuur" title="Salpetersuur">salpetersuur</a>:<sup id="cite_ref-pauling_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pauling-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dd><dl><dd>I<sub>2</sub> + 10HNO<sub>3</sub> → 2HIO<sub>3</sub> + 10NO<sub>2</sub> + 4H<sub>2</sub>O</dd></dl></dd></dl> <p>of deur middel van chlorate:<sup id="cite_ref-pauling_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pauling-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dd><dl><dd>I<sub>2</sub> + 2ClO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup> → 2IO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup> + Cl<sub>2</sub></dd></dl></dd></dl> <p>Jodium word in ’n tweestap-reaksie in oplossings van alkaliese hidroksiede (soos <a href="/wiki/Natriumhidroksied" title="Natriumhidroksied">natriumhidroksied</a>) na jodied en jodaat omgeskakel:<sup id="cite_ref-cw_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cw-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dd><dl><dd><table> <tbody><tr> <td>I<sub>2</sub> + 2OH<sup>−</sup> → I<sup>−</sup> + IO<sup>−</sup> + H<sub>2</sub>O </td> <td> </td> <td>(<i>K</i> = 30) </td></tr> <tr> <td>3IO<sup>−</sup> → 2I<sup>−</sup> + IO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup> </td> <td> </td> <td>(<i>K</i> = 10<sup>20</sup>) </td></tr></tbody></table></dd></dl></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Jodium_se_biologiese_rol">Jodium se biologiese rol</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jodium&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Wysig afdeling: Jodium se biologiese rol" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jodium&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Jodium se biologiese rol"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Jodium is ’n noodsaaklike spoorelement, die swaarste element bekend wat deur lewende organismes benodig word. Die hoofrol van jodium in dierbiologie is as bestanddeel van die <a href="/wiki/Skildklier" title="Skildklier">skildklier</a>hormone, <i>tiroksien</i> (T4) en <i>trijodiumtironien</i> (T3). Hierdie hormone word gevorm deur die byvoegingskondensasieproduk van die aminosuur, tirosien, en word vóór vrystelling in ’n jodiumbevattende ensiem, wat as tiroglobulien bekend staan, verander. T4 en T3 bevat onderskeidelik vier en drie atome jodium per molekule. Die skildklier absorbeer jodium aktief uit die bloed om hierdie hormone te vervaardig en weer in die bloedstroom vry te stel. Hierdie werking word beheer deur ’n tweede hormoon, TSH vanuit die skildklier. Hormone wat deur die skildklier afgeskei word, is filogeneties baie ou molekules wat deur die meeste veelsellige organismes gesintetiseer word en ook ’n effek sommige eensellige organismes het. </p><p>Die hormone van die skildklier speel ’n belangrike rol in biologie en het ’n impak op geenskrywing om die basale metaboliese tempo te beheer. Die totale gebrek aan skildklierhormone kan die basale metaboliese tempo tot soveel as 50% verlaag terwyl ’n oormaat skildklierhormone die basale metaboliese tempo met soveel as 100% kan verhoog. T4 is grootliks ’n voorganger van T3, wat die biologies aktiewe hormoon is. </p><p>Jodium maak 65% van die molekulêre massa van T4 uit en 59% van T3. 15–20 mg-jodium word in die skildklierweefsel en hormone gekonsentreer, maar 70% van die liggaam se jodium is in ander weefsels versprei, insluitende die melkkliere, oog-, maagslymvlies-, nek- en speekselkliere. Die rol van jodium in die melkkliere hou verband met die ontwikkeling van die fetus en pasgebore babas, maar die rol daarvan in ander weefsels is nog onbekend.<sup id="cite_ref-Patrick2008_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Patrick2008-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Daar is bevestig dat dit ’n anti-oksidantwerking in hierdie weefsels het.<sup id="cite_ref-Patrick2008_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Patrick2008-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sommige wetenskaplikes is van mening dat die huidige daaglikse aanbevole minimum inname bykans ’n 100 keer te laag is.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Jodium se werking kan moontlik verband hou met <a href="/wiki/Seleen" title="Seleen">seleen</a> en jodiumbyvoegings in populasies met ’n seleengebrek kan moontlik ’n risiko inhou vir die werking van die skildklier.<sup id="cite_ref-Patrick2008_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Patrick2008-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Jodium_in_die_mens_se_dieet">Jodium in die mens se dieet</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jodium&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Wysig afdeling: Jodium in die mens se dieet" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jodium&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Jodium in die mens se dieet"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In die VSA is die aanbevole daaglikse inname van jodium 150 mikrogram per dag (μg/dag) vir beide mans en vrouens met ’n toelaatbare maksimum van 1 100 μg/dag (1,1 mg/dag).<sup id="cite_ref-InstituteofMedicine_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-InstituteofMedicine-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Die aanvaarbare maksimum perk vir jodium-inname is bepaal deur die impak te meet wat jodium-byvoedings het op die hormoon wat die skildklier stimuleer.<sup id="cite_ref-Patrick2008_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Patrick2008-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Natuurlike bronne van jodium is seelewe soos kelp en sekere seekosse en ook plante wat in jodiumryke grond verbou word.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-medlineplus002421_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-medlineplus002421-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In ontwikkelde lande word jodium algemeen by tafelsout gevoeg om die risiko van ’n jodiumtekort teë te werk.<sup id="cite_ref-medlineplus002421_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-medlineplus002421-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Isotope">Isotope</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jodium&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Wysig afdeling: Isotope" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jodium&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Isotope"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Daar bestaan 37 isotope van jodium, maar slegs een, <sup>127</sup>I, is stabiel. </p><p>Jodium is in baie opsigte soortgelyk aan <sup>36</sup>Cl. Dit is ’n oplosbare halogeen, relatief onreaktief en bestaan hoofsaaklik as ’n nie-absorberende anioon en ontstaan deur middel van kosmogeniese kernversmelting. In hidrologiese studies word <sup>129</sup>I-konsentrasies gewoonlik gerapporteer as die verhouding van <sup>129</sup>I tot die totale I (wat bykans geheel en al uit <sup>127</sup>I bestaan). Soos in die geval van <sup>36</sup>Cl/Cl, is die <sup>129-</sup>verhoudings in die natuur baie klein, 10<sup>−14</sup> tot 10<sup>−10</sup>. <sup>129</sup>I verskil van <sup>36</sup>Cl daarin dat sy halfleeftyd heelwat langer is (15,7 teenoor 0,301 miljoen jaar) en kom voor in ’n verskeidenheid ioniese vorme (tipies, I<sup>-</sup> en IO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> wat verskillende chemiese eienskappe vertoon). Dit maak dit baie maklik vir <sup>129</sup> om die biosfeer in te gaan en in plantlewe, grond, melk en dierweefsels opgeneem te word. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Voorsorgmaatreëls"><span id="Voorsorgmaatre.C3.ABls"></span>Voorsorgmaatreëls</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jodium&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Wysig afdeling: Voorsorgmaatreëls" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jodium&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Voorsorgmaatreëls"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>’n Oormatige inname van jodium het ’n soortgelyke uitwerking as ’n gebrekkige inname daarvan. Algemeen waarneembare simptome is abnormale groei van die skildklier, afwykings in die lewensfunksies en die groei van die organisme in sy geheel. Elementêre jodium, I<sub>2</sub> is ’n dodelike gifstof as dit in groot hoeveelhede ingeneem word; 2-3 gram daarvan is noodlottig vir mense. Jodiede is giftig op soortgelyke wyse as wat bromiede is. </p><p>Direkte kontak met die vel kan letsels veroorsaak en daarom moet jodium met sorg hanteer word. Jodiumdampe veroorsaak uiterste irritasie van die oog en slymvliese. Jodiumkonsentrasies in die lug behoort nie 1 mg/m<sup>3</sup> te oorskry nie (8 uur-geweegde gemiddelde). Wanneer jodium met <a href="/wiki/Ammoniak" title="Ammoniak">ammoniak</a> meng, kan dit stikstoftrijodied vorm wat uiters sensitief is en onverwagse ontploffings tot gevolg kan hê. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Verwysings">Verwysings</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jodium&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Wysig afdeling: Verwysings" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jodium&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: Verwysings"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist columns references-column-count references-column-count-2" style="-moz-column-count: 2; -webkit-column-count: 2; column-count: 2; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://henrys-law.org/henry/browse/"><span style="font-variant:small-caps; letter-spacing: 0.1em;">Sander</span></a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cw-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-cw_2-0">2,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-cw_2-1">2,1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-cw_2-2">2,2</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Advanced Inorganic Chemistry by Cotton and Wilkinson, 2nd ed.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Merck Index of Chemicals and Drugs, 9th ed.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-glinka-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-glinka_4-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">General Chemistry (volume 2) by N.L. Glinka, Mir Publishing 1981</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pauling-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-pauling_5-0">5,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-pauling_5-1">5,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">General Chemistry by Linus Pauling, 1947 ed.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Patrick2008-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Patrick2008_6-0">6,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Patrick2008_6-1">6,1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Patrick2008_6-2">6,2</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Patrick2008_6-3">6,3</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2205490">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:9px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:9px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:9px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:12px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite id="CITEREFPatrick_L2008" class="citation journal cs1">Patrick L (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130531112100/http://www.thorne.com/altmedrev/.fulltext/13/2/116.pdf">"Iodine: deficiency and therapeutic considerations"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Altern Med Rev</i>. <b>13</b> (2): 116–27. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18590348">18590348</a>. Geargiveer vanaf <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thorne.com/altmedrev/.fulltext/13/2/116.pdf">die oorspronklike</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> op 31 Mei 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">11 September</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Altern+Med+Rev&rft.atitle=Iodine%3A+deficiency+and+therapeutic+considerations&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=116-27&rft.date=2008&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F18590348&rft.au=Patrick+L&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thorne.com%2Faltmedrev%2F.fulltext%2F13%2F2%2F116.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AJodium" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Sjabloon:Cite_journal" title="Sjabloon:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Onbekende parameter <code class="cs1-code">|month=</code> geïgnoreer (<a href="/wiki/Hulp:AS1-foute#parameter_ignored" title="Hulp:AS1-foute">hulp</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Miller, Donald W. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.donaldmiller.com/JPandS%20Extrathyroidal%20Benefits%20of%20Iodine.pdf">Extrathyroidal Benefits of Iodine</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080916030538/http://www.donaldmiller.com/JPandS%20Extrathyroidal%20Benefits%20of%20Iodine.pdf">Geargiveer</a> 16 September 2008 op <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <i>Journal of American Physicians and Surgeons</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-InstituteofMedicine-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-InstituteofMedicine_8-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">National Research Council. (2000). <i>Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc</i>, pp. 258-259. National Acadamies Press. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=10026&page=258">Free full-text available online</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">International Council for the Control of Iodine Definiciency Disorders <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iccidd.org/pages/iodine-deficiency/sources-of-iodine.php">Sources of iodine</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100823041915/http://www.iccidd.org/pages/iodine-deficiency/sources-of-iodine.php">Geargiveer</a> 23 Augustus 2010 op <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-medlineplus002421-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-medlineplus002421_10-0">10,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-medlineplus002421_10-1">10,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/002421.htm">MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia: Iodine in diet</a></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Eksterne_skakels">Eksterne skakels</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jodium&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Wysig afdeling: Eksterne skakels" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jodium&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section's source code: Eksterne skakels"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table role="presentation" class="mbox-small plainlinks sistersitebox" style="background-color:var(--background-color-base, #fff);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1);color:inherit"> <tbody><tr> <td class="mbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></td> <td class="mbox-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons bevat media in verband met <i><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Iodine" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Iodine">Iodine</a></b></i>.</td></tr></tbody></table> <table role="presentation" class="mbox-small plainlinks sistersitebox" style="background-color:var(--background-color-base, #fff);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1);color:inherit"> <tbody><tr> <td class="mbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></td> <td class="mbox-text plainlist">Sien <i><b><a href="https://af.wiktionary.org/wiki/jodium" class="extiw" title="wikt:jodium">jodium</a></b></i> in Wiktionary, die vrye woordeboek.</td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lpi.oregonstate.edu/infocenter/minerals/iodine/">"Micronutrient Research for Optimum Health", Linus Pauling Institute, OSU Oregon State University</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/csem/iodine/">Verslag oor stralingsblootstelling aan radio-aktiewe jodium</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://chemicalelements.com/elements/i.html">ChemicalElements.com – Jodium</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2004/9241592001.pdf">who.int, Wêreld Gesondheidsorganisasie se databasis oor jodiumgebrek</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iodinenetwork.net/">Netwerk vir die voortdurende eliminering van jodiumgebrek</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.organic-chemistry.org/chemicals/oxidations/iodine.shtm">Oksideermiddels > Jodium</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://periodic.lanl.gov/elements/53.html">Los Alamos National Laboratory: Artikel oor Jodium</a></li></ul> <p><br /> </p> <table cellpadding="0" style="border-collapse:collapse; font-size:smaller; margin-top:2em; text-align:center; width:100%"> <tbody><tr> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#a0ffa0"><a href="/wiki/Waterstof" title="Waterstof">H</a> </td> <td style="width:93.75%" colspan="30"> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#c0ffff"><a href="/wiki/Helium" title="Helium">He</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#ff6666"><a href="/wiki/Litium" title="Litium">Li</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#ffdead"><a href="/wiki/Berillium" title="Berillium">Be</a> </td> <td colspan="24"> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#cccc99"><a href="/wiki/Boor_(element)" title="Boor (element)">B</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#a0ffa0"><a href="/wiki/Koolstof" title="Koolstof">C</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#a0ffa0"><a href="/wiki/Stikstof" title="Stikstof">N</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#a0ffa0"><a href="/wiki/Suurstof" title="Suurstof">O</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#ffff99"><a href="/wiki/Fluoor" title="Fluoor">F</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#c0ffff"><a href="/wiki/Neon" title="Neon">Ne</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#ff6666"><a href="/wiki/Natrium" title="Natrium">Na</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#ffdead"><a href="/wiki/Magnesium" title="Magnesium">Mg</a> </td> <td colspan="24"> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#cccccc"><a href="/wiki/Aluminium" title="Aluminium">Al</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#cccc99"><a href="/wiki/Silikon" title="Silikon">Si</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#a0ffa0"><a href="/wiki/Fosfor" title="Fosfor">P</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#a0ffa0"><a href="/wiki/Swawel" title="Swawel">S</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#ffff99"><a href="/wiki/Chloor" title="Chloor">Cl</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#c0ffff"><a href="/wiki/Argon" title="Argon">Ar</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#ff6666"><a href="/wiki/Kalium" title="Kalium">K</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#ffdead"><a href="/wiki/Kalsium" title="Kalsium">Ca</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Skandium" title="Skandium">Sc</a> </td> <td colspan="14"> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Titaan_(element)" class="mw-redirect" title="Titaan (element)">Ti</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Vanadium" title="Vanadium">V</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Chroom" title="Chroom">Cr</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Mangaan" title="Mangaan">Mn</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Yster" title="Yster">Fe</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Kobalt" title="Kobalt">Co</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Nikkel" title="Nikkel">Ni</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Koper" title="Koper">Cu</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Sink" title="Sink">Zn</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#cccccc"><a href="/wiki/Gallium" title="Gallium">Ga</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#cccc99"><a href="/wiki/Germanium" title="Germanium">Ge</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#cccc99"><a href="/wiki/Arseen" title="Arseen">As</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#a0ffa0"><a href="/wiki/Seleen" title="Seleen">Se</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#ffff99"><a href="/wiki/Broom" title="Broom">Br</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#c0ffff"><a href="/wiki/Kripton" title="Kripton">Kr</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#ff6666"><a href="/wiki/Rubidium" title="Rubidium">Rb</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#ffdead"><a href="/wiki/Stronsium" title="Stronsium">Sr</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Yttrium" title="Yttrium">Y</a> </td> <td colspan="14"> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Sirkonium" title="Sirkonium">Zr</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Niobium" title="Niobium">Nb</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Molibdeen" title="Molibdeen">Mo</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Tegnesium" title="Tegnesium">Tc</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Rutenium" title="Rutenium">Ru</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Rodium" title="Rodium">Rh</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Palladium" title="Palladium">Pd</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Silwer" title="Silwer">Ag</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Kadmium" title="Kadmium">Cd</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#cccccc"><a href="/wiki/Indium" title="Indium">In</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#cccccc"><a href="/wiki/Tin" title="Tin">Sn</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#cccc99"><a href="/wiki/Antimoon" title="Antimoon">Sb</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#cccc99"><a href="/wiki/Telluur" title="Telluur">Te</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#ffff99"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">I</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#c0ffff"><a href="/wiki/Xenon" title="Xenon">Xe</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#ff6666"><a href="/wiki/Sesium" title="Sesium">Cs</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#ffdead"><a href="/wiki/Barium" title="Barium">Ba</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Lantaan" title="Lantaan">La</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#ffbfff"><a href="/wiki/Serium" title="Serium">Ce</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#ffbfff"><a href="/wiki/Praseodimium" title="Praseodimium">Pr</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#ffbfff"><a href="/wiki/Neodimium" title="Neodimium">Nd</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#ffbfff"><a href="/wiki/Prometium" title="Prometium">Pm</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#ffbfff"><a href="/wiki/Samarium" title="Samarium">Sm</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#ffbfff"><a href="/wiki/Europium" title="Europium">Eu</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#ffbfff"><a href="/wiki/Gadolinium" title="Gadolinium">Gd</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#ffbfff"><a href="/wiki/Terbium" title="Terbium">Tb</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#ffbfff"><a href="/wiki/Disprosium" title="Disprosium">Dy</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#ffbfff"><a href="/wiki/Holmium" title="Holmium">Ho</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#ffbfff"><a href="/wiki/Erbium" title="Erbium">Er</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#ffbfff"><a href="/wiki/Tulium" title="Tulium">Tm</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#ffbfff"><a href="/wiki/Ytterbium" title="Ytterbium">Yb</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#ffbfff"><a href="/wiki/Lutesium" title="Lutesium">Lu</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Hafnium" title="Hafnium">Hf</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Tantaal" title="Tantaal">Ta</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Wolfram" title="Wolfram">W</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Renium" title="Renium">Re</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Osmium" title="Osmium">Os</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Iridium" title="Iridium">Ir</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Platinum" title="Platinum">Pt</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Goud" title="Goud">Au</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Kwik" title="Kwik">Hg</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#cccccc"><a href="/wiki/Tallium" title="Tallium">Tl</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#cccccc"><a href="/wiki/Lood" title="Lood">Pb</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#cccccc"><a href="/wiki/Bismut" title="Bismut">Bi</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#cccccc"><a href="/wiki/Polonium" title="Polonium">Po</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#cccc99"><a href="/wiki/Astaat" title="Astaat">At</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#c0ffff"><a href="/wiki/Radon" title="Radon">Rn</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#ff6666"><a href="/wiki/Frankium" title="Frankium">Fr</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#ffdead"><a href="/wiki/Radium" title="Radium">Ra</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Aktinium" title="Aktinium">Ac</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#ff99cc"><a href="/wiki/Torium" title="Torium">Th</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#ff99cc"><a href="/wiki/Protaktinium" title="Protaktinium">Pa</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#ff99cc"><a href="/wiki/Uraan" title="Uraan">U</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#ff99cc"><a href="/wiki/Neptunium" title="Neptunium">Np</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#ff99cc"><a href="/wiki/Plutonium" title="Plutonium">Pu</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#ff99cc"><a href="/wiki/Amerikium" title="Amerikium">Am</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#ff99cc"><a href="/wiki/Curium" title="Curium">Cm</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#ff99cc"><a href="/wiki/Berkelium" title="Berkelium">Bk</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#ff99cc"><a href="/wiki/Kalifornium" title="Kalifornium">Cf</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#ff99cc"><a href="/wiki/Einsteinium" title="Einsteinium">Es</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#ff99cc"><a href="/wiki/Fermium" title="Fermium">Fm</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#ff99cc"><a href="/wiki/Mendelevium" title="Mendelevium">Md</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#ff99cc"><a href="/wiki/Nobelium" title="Nobelium">No</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#ff99cc"><a href="/wiki/Lawrensium" title="Lawrensium">Lr</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Rutherfordium" title="Rutherfordium">Rf</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Dubnium" title="Dubnium">Db</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Seaborgium" title="Seaborgium">Sg</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Bohrium" title="Bohrium">Bh</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Hassium" title="Hassium">Hs</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#eceaec"><a href="/wiki/Meitnerium" title="Meitnerium">Mt</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#eceaec"><a href="/wiki/Darmstadtium" title="Darmstadtium">Ds</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#eceaec"><a href="/wiki/R%C3%B6ntgenium" title="Röntgenium">Rg</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Kopernikium" title="Kopernikium">Cn</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#eceaec"><a href="/wiki/Nihonium" title="Nihonium">Nh</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#cccccc"><a href="/wiki/Flerovium" title="Flerovium">Fl</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#eceaec"><a href="/wiki/Moskovium_(element)" title="Moskovium (element)">Mc</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#eceaec"><a href="/wiki/Livermorium" title="Livermorium">Lv</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#eceaec"><a href="/wiki/Tennessien" title="Tennessien">Ts</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#eceaec"><a href="/wiki/Oganesson" title="Oganesson">Og</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table border="1" cellpadding="1" rules="all" style="border:1px solid #fff; border-collapse:collapse; font-size: smaller; margin-top:2em; text-align:center; width:100%"> <tbody><tr> <td style="background:#ff6666" width="9%"><a href="/wiki/Alkalimetaal" title="Alkalimetaal">Alkalimetale</a> </td> <td style="background:#ffdead" width="9%"><a href="/wiki/Aardalkalimetaal" title="Aardalkalimetaal">Aardalkalimetale</a> </td> <td style="background:#ffbfff" width="9%"><a href="/wiki/Lantanied" title="Lantanied">Lantaniede</a> </td> <td style="background:#ff99cc" width="9%"><a href="/wiki/Aktinied" title="Aktinied">Aktiniede</a> </td> <td style="background:#ffc0c0" width="9%"><a href="/wiki/Oorgangsmetaal" title="Oorgangsmetaal">Oorgangsmetale</a> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc" width="9%"><a href="/wiki/Hoofgroepmetaal" title="Hoofgroepmetaal">Hoofgroepmetale</a> </td> <td style="background:#cccc99" width="9%"><a href="/wiki/Metallo%C3%AFed" title="Metalloïed">Metalloïde</a> </td> <td style="background:#a0ffa0" width="9%"><a href="/wiki/Niemetaal" title="Niemetaal">Niemetale</a> </td> <td style="background:#ffff99" width="9%"><a href="/wiki/Halogeen" title="Halogeen">Halogene</a> </td> <td style="background:#c0ffff" width="9%"><a href="/wiki/Edelgasse" title="Edelgasse">Edelgasse</a> </td> <td style="background:#eceaec" width="9%">Chemie onbekend </td></tr></tbody></table> <div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Normdata_frameless_&#124;text-top_&#124;10px_&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata_&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1103&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th id="Normdata_frameless_&#124;text-top_&#124;10px_&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata_&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1103&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hulp:Normdata" title="Hulp:Normdata">Normdata</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a 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href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX529206">XX529206</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_nationale_de_France" title="Bibliothèque nationale de France">BNF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11966629x">cb11966629x</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11966629x">(data)</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">GND</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4162271-6">4162271-6</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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