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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Origins"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Origins </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Origins-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Medieval_era" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Medieval_era"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 Medieval era </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Medieval_era-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ghaznavid" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ghaznavid"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2.1 Ghaznavid </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ghaznavid-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mamluk" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mamluk"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2.2 Mamluk </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mamluk-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tughluq" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tughluq"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2.3 Tughluq </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tughluq-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Late_Sultanates" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Late_Sultanates"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2.4 Late Sultanates </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Late_Sultanates-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mughals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mughals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 Mughals </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mughals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Early_Mughal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_Mughal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3.1 Early Mughal </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_Mughal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Akbar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Akbar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3.2 Akbar </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Akbar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Jahangir" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jahangir"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3.3 Jahangir </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Jahangir-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Shah_Jahan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Shah_Jahan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3.4 Shah Jahan </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Shah_Jahan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aurangzeb" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aurangzeb"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3.5 Aurangzeb </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aurangzeb-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Late_Mughal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Late_Mughal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3.6 Late Mughal </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Late_Mughal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Durrani_invasions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Durrani_invasions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4 Durrani invasions </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Durrani_invasions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sikh" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sikh"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.5 Sikh </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sikh-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Early" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.5.1 Early </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sikh_Empire" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sikh_Empire"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.5.2 Sikh Empire </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sikh_Empire-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Late" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Late"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.5.3 Late </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Late-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-British_colonial_period" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#British_colonial_period"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.6 British colonial period </div> </a> <ul id="toc-British_colonial_period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Partition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Partition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.7 Partition </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Partition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Modern" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modern"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.8 Modern </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Modern-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Geography </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Geography subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Climate </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Demographics </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Demographics subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Population" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Population"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Population </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Population-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tribes_and_background" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tribes_and_background"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 Tribes and background </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tribes_and_background-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Controversy_about_the_city's_Pashtun_population" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Controversy_about_the_city's_Pashtun_population"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2.1 Controversy about the city's Pashtun population </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Controversy_about_the_city's_Pashtun_population-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3 Religion </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Languages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Languages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.4 Languages </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Languages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cityscape" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cityscape"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Cityscape </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Cityscape-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Cityscape subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Cityscape-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Old_City" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Old_City"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Old City </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Old_City-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Architecture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Architecture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 Architecture </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Architecture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sikh_period" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sikh_period"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2.1 Sikh period </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sikh_period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-British_period" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#British_period"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2.2 British period </div> </a> <ul id="toc-British_period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Parks_and_gardens" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Parks_and_gardens"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3 Parks and gardens </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Parks_and_gardens-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Economy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Transport </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Transport-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Transport subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Public_transportation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Public_transportation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1 Public transportation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Public_transportation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Metrobus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Metrobus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1.1 Metrobus </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Metrobus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Low_occupancy_vehicles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Low_occupancy_vehicles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1.2 Low occupancy vehicles </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Low_occupancy_vehicles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Metro_Train" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Metro_Train"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2 Metro Train </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Metro_Train-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Orange_Line" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Orange_Line"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2.1 Orange Line </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Orange_Line-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Blue_Line" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Blue_Line"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2.2 Blue Line </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Blue_Line-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Purple_Line" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Purple_Line"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2.3 Purple Line </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Purple_Line-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Taxi_and_rickshaw" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Taxi_and_rickshaw"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.3 Taxi and rickshaw </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Taxi_and_rickshaw-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Intercity_transportation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Intercity_transportation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.4 Intercity transportation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Intercity_transportation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Railways" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Railways"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.4.1 Railways </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Railways-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Buses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Buses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.4.2 Buses </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Buses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Airports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Airports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.5 Airports </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Airports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Roads" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Roads"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.6 Roads </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Roads-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Government </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Government-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Government subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Metropolitan_Corporation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Metropolitan_Corporation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.1 Metropolitan Corporation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Metropolitan_Corporation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Mayor" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mayor"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.1.1 Mayor </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mayor-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Neighbourhoods" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Neighbourhoods"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.2 Neighbourhoods </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Neighbourhoods-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.3 Politics </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Festivals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Festivals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Festivals </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Festivals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tourism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tourism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Tourism </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Tourism-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Tourism subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Tourism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Cuisine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cuisine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.1 Cuisine </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cuisine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religious_sites" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religious_sites"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.2 Religious sites </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religious_sites-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Museums" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Museums"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.3 Museums </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Museums-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tombs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tombs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.4 Tombs </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tombs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Shrines" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Shrines"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.5 Shrines </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Shrines-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Samadhis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Samadhis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.6 Samadhis </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Samadhis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Havelis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Havelis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.7 Havelis </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Havelis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_landmarks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_landmarks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.8 Other landmarks </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_landmarks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Historic_neighbourhoods" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historic_neighbourhoods"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.9 Historic neighbourhoods </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historic_neighbourhoods-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 Education </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_people" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_people"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 Notable people </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_people-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 Sports </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Twin_towns_and_sister_cities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Twin_towns_and_sister_cities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14 Twin towns and sister cities </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Twin_towns_and_sister_cities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Awards" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Awards"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 15 Awards </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Awards-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 16 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 17 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 18 References </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle References subsection </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 18.1 Bibliography </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 19 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Lahore</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 121 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-121" aria-hidden="true" > 121 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lahore" title="Lahore – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Lahore" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%88%E1%88%96%E1%88%AD" title="ለሖር – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ለሖር" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target">አማርኛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%87%D9%88%D8%B1" title="لاهور – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="لاهور" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lahore" title="Lahore – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Lahore" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%B0" title="लाहौर – Awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="लाहौर" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="Awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target">अवधी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lahor" title="Lahor – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Lahor" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%87%D9%88%D8%B1" title="لاهور – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="لاهور" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lahore" title="Lahore – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Lahore" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Bali</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B9%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B0" title="লাহোর – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="লাহোর" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lahore" title="Lahore – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Lahore" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Лахор – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Лахор" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target">Башҡортса</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Лахор – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Лахор" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Лагор – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Лагор" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%B0" title="लाहौर – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="लाहौर" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">भोजपुरी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Лахор – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Лахор" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lahore" title="Lahore – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Lahore" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lahore" title="Lahore – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Lahore" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Лахор – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Лахор" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target">Буряад</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lahore" title="Lahore – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Lahore" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lahore_(kapital_sa_lalawigan_sa_Pakistan)" title="Lahore (kapital sa lalawigan sa Pakistan) – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Lahore (kapital sa lalawigan sa Pakistan)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A1haur" title="Láhaur – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Láhaur" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lahore" title="Lahore – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Lahore" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lahore" title="Lahore – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Lahore" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lahore" title="Lahore – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Lahore" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lahore" title="Lahore – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Lahore" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9B%CE%B1%CF%87%CF%8C%CF%81%CE%B7" title="Λαχόρη – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Λαχόρη" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lahore" title="Lahore – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Lahore" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lahoro" title="Lahoro – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Lahoro" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lahore" title="Lahore – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Lahore" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%87%D9%88%D8%B1" title="لاهور – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="لاهور" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lahore" title="Lahore – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Lahore" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Fiji Hindi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lahore" title="Lahore – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Lahore" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lahore" title="Lahore – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Lahore" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lahore" title="Lahore – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Lahore" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%B2%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%B9%E0%AB%8B%E0%AA%B0" title="લાહોર – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="લાહોર" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target">ગુજરાતી</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%9D%BC%ED%98%B8%EB%A5%B4" title="라호르 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="라호르" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lahore" title="Lahore – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Lahore" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hausa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BC%D5%A1%D5%B0%D5%B8%D6%80" title="Լահոր – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Լահոր" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%B0" title="लाहौर – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="लाहौर" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lahore" title="Lahore – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Lahore" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lahore" title="Lahore – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Lahore" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lahore" title="Lahore – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Lahore" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lahore" title="Lahore – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Lahore" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lahore" title="Lahore – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Lahore" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingue</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Лахор – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Лахор" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ирон</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lahore" title="Lahore – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Lahore" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lahore" title="Lahore – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Lahore" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%94%D7%95%D7%A8" title="לאהור – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="לאהור" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lahore" title="Lahore – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Lahore" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B2%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B9%E0%B3%8B%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D" title="ಲಾಹೋರ್ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಲಾಹೋರ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%B0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="ლაჰორი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ლაჰორი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%88%DB%81%D9%88%D9%97%D8%B1" title="لوہوٗر – Kashmiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="لوہوٗر" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="Kashmiri" class="interlanguage-link-target">कॉशुर / کٲشُر</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lahore" title="Lahore – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Lahore" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lawo" title="Lawo – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Lawo" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kreyòl ayisyen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Лахор – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Лахор" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lahorium" title="Lahorium – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Lahorium" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lahora" title="Lahora – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Lahora" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lahoras" title="Lahoras – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Lahoras" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lahor" title="Lahor – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Lahor" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Лахор – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Лахор" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B9%E0%B5%8B%E0%B5%BC" title="ലാഹോർ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ലാഹോർ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lahore" title="Lahore – Māori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Lahore" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Māori" class="interlanguage-link-target">Māori</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0" title="लाहोर – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="लाहोर" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%B0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="ლაჰორი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ლაჰორი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%87%D9%88%D8%B1" title="لاهور – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="لاهور" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%87%D9%88%D8%B1" title="لاهور – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="لاهور" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target">مازِرونی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lahore" title="Lahore – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Lahore" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Лагор – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Лагор" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target">Мокшень</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Лахор – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Лахор" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9C%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9F%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B8%E1%80%99%E1%80%BC%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B7" title="လာဟိုးမြို့ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="လာဟိုးမြို့" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lahore" title="Lahore – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Lahore" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0" title="लाहोर – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="लाहोर" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A9%E3%83%9B%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB" title="ラホール – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ラホール" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Лахор – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Лахор" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Нохчийн</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lahore" title="Lahore – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Lahore" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lahore" title="Lahore – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Lahore" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Лахор – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Лахор" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target">Олык марий</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%B2%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%B9%E0%AD%8B%E0%AC%B0" title="ଲାହୋର – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଲାହୋର" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target">ଓଡ଼ିଆ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lohur" title="Lohur – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Lohur" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%B9%E0%A9%8C%E0%A8%B0" title="ਲਹੌਰ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਲਹੌਰ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%DB%81%D9%88%D8%B1" title="لہور – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="لہور" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%87%D9%88%D8%B1" title="لاهور – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="لاهور" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lahaur" title="Lahaur – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Lahaur" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laore" title="Laore – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Laore" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lahor" title="Lahor – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Lahor" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qırımtatarca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lahore" title="Lahore – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Lahore" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Лахор – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Лахор" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0" title="लाहोर – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="लाहोर" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target">संस्कृतम्</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%9E%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A6%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%A8" title="ᱞᱟᱦᱚᱨ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱞᱟᱦᱚᱨ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lahore" title="Lahore – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Lahore" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lahore" title="Lahore – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Lahore" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lahore" title="Lahore – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Lahore" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%A7%DA%BE%D9%88%D8%B1" title="لاھور – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="لاھور" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target">سنڌي</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A1haur" title="Láhaur – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Láhaur" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lahore" title="Lahore – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Lahore" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lahaur" title="Lahaur – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Lahaur" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ślůnski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%A7%DA%BE%DB%86%D8%B1" title="لاھۆر – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="لاھۆر" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Лахор – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Лахор" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lahore" title="Lahore – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Lahore" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lahore" title="Lahore – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Lahore" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lahore" title="Lahore – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Lahore" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D" title="இலாகூர் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="இலாகூர்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lahor" title="Lahor – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Lahor" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B9%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D" title="లాహోర్ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="లాహోర్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target">తెలుగు</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AE%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C" title="ลาฮอร์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ลาฮอร์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%BE%D2%B3%D1%83%D1%80" title="Лоҳур – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Лоҳур" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lahor" title="Lahor – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Lahor" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Лахор – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Лахор" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%A7%DB%81%D9%88%D8%B1" title="لاہور – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="لاہور" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lahor" title="Lahor – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="Lahor" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target">ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lahor" title="Lahor – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Lahor" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vepsän kel’</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lahore" title="Lahore – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Lahore" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lahore" title="Lahore – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Lahore" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E5%90%88%E5%B0%94" title="拉合尔 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="拉合尔" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lahore" title="Lahore – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Lahore" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target">Yorùbá</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E5%90%88%E7%88%BE" title="拉合爾 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="拉合爾" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lahore" title="Lahore – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Lahore" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zazaki</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E5%90%88%E7%88%BE" title="拉合爾 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="拉合爾" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lahore" title="Lahore – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Lahore" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kumoring</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a 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href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Lahore&params=31_32_59_N_74_20_37_E_region:PK_type:city(13004135)">31°32′59″N 74°20′37″E / 31.54972°N 74.34361°E / 31.54972; 74.34361</a></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lohari&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Lohari">Lohari</a>)</div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Capital of Punjab, Pakistan</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the city in Punjab, Pakistan. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Lahore_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Lahore (disambiguation)">Lahore (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Megacity in Punjab, Pakistan</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Lahore</div> <div class="nickname ib-settlement-native" lang="pa"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">لاہور</li><li><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">لہور</li></ul></div></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/Megacity" title="Megacity">Megacity</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="multiimageinner" style="width:272px;max-width:272px;border:none"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:270px;max-width:270px"><div style="height:136px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Shahi_Masjid_Lahore.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Shahi_Masjid_Lahore.jpg/268px-Shahi_Masjid_Lahore.jpg" decoding="async" width="268" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Shahi_Masjid_Lahore.jpg/402px-Shahi_Masjid_Lahore.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Shahi_Masjid_Lahore.jpg/536px-Shahi_Masjid_Lahore.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="613" /></a></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Badshahi_Mosque" title="Badshahi Mosque">Badshahi Mosque</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:131px;max-width:131px"><div style="height:94px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Lahore_Fort_view_from_Baradari.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Lahore_Fort_view_from_Baradari.jpg/129px-Lahore_Fort_view_from_Baradari.jpg" decoding="async" width="129" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Lahore_Fort_view_from_Baradari.jpg/194px-Lahore_Fort_view_from_Baradari.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Lahore_Fort_view_from_Baradari.jpg/258px-Lahore_Fort_view_from_Baradari.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1626" data-file-height="1191" /></a></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Lahore_Fort" title="Lahore Fort">Lahore Fort</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:137px;max-width:137px"><div style="height:94px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Lahore_Museum,_Lahore.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Lahore_Museum%2C_Lahore.jpg/135px-Lahore_Museum%2C_Lahore.jpg" decoding="async" width="135" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Lahore_Museum%2C_Lahore.jpg/203px-Lahore_Museum%2C_Lahore.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Lahore_Museum%2C_Lahore.jpg/270px-Lahore_Museum%2C_Lahore.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2016" data-file-height="1416" /></a></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Lahore_Museum" title="Lahore Museum">Lahore Museum</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:149px;max-width:149px"><div style="height:110px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Minar_e_Pakistan_night_image.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Minar_e_Pakistan_night_image.jpg/147px-Minar_e_Pakistan_night_image.jpg" decoding="async" width="147" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Minar_e_Pakistan_night_image.jpg/221px-Minar_e_Pakistan_night_image.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Minar_e_Pakistan_night_image.jpg/294px-Minar_e_Pakistan_night_image.jpg 2x" data-file-width="824" data-file-height="618" /></a></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Minar-e-Pakistan" title="Minar-e-Pakistan">Minar-e-Pakistan</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:119px;max-width:119px"><div style="height:110px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Beautiful_pavilion_of_Faiz_Baksh_terrace.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Beautiful_pavilion_of_Faiz_Baksh_terrace.jpg/117px-Beautiful_pavilion_of_Faiz_Baksh_terrace.jpg" decoding="async" width="117" height="111" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Beautiful_pavilion_of_Faiz_Baksh_terrace.jpg/176px-Beautiful_pavilion_of_Faiz_Baksh_terrace.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Beautiful_pavilion_of_Faiz_Baksh_terrace.jpg/234px-Beautiful_pavilion_of_Faiz_Baksh_terrace.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3478" data-file-height="3297" /></a></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Shalimar_Gardens,_Lahore" title="Shalimar Gardens, Lahore">Shalamar Gardens</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:270px;max-width:270px"><div style="height:178px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Wazir_Khan_Mosque_by_Moiz.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Wazir_Khan_Mosque_by_Moiz.jpg/268px-Wazir_Khan_Mosque_by_Moiz.jpg" decoding="async" width="268" height="178" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Wazir_Khan_Mosque_by_Moiz.jpg/402px-Wazir_Khan_Mosque_by_Moiz.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Wazir_Khan_Mosque_by_Moiz.jpg/536px-Wazir_Khan_Mosque_by_Moiz.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5596" data-file-height="3718" /></a></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Wazir_Khan_Mosque" title="Wazir Khan Mosque">Wazir Khan Mosque</a></div></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><a href="/wiki/File:Lahore_City_Flag.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Lahore"><img alt="Flag of Lahore" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Lahore_City_Flag.png/100px-Lahore_City_Flag.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Lahore_City_Flag.png/150px-Lahore_City_Flag.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Lahore_City_Flag.png/200px-Lahore_City_Flag.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="720" /></a><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Flag</div></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_Lahore.SVG" class="mw-file-description" title="Official seal of Lahore"><img alt="Official seal of Lahore" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/21/Seal_of_Lahore.SVG/120px-Seal_of_Lahore.SVG.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/21/Seal_of_Lahore.SVG/180px-Seal_of_Lahore.SVG.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/21/Seal_of_Lahore.SVG/240px-Seal_of_Lahore.SVG.png 2x" data-file-width="347" data-file-height="288" /></a><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Seal</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Nickname(s): <div class="ib-settlement-nickname nickname"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Lahore" title="Culture of Lahore">The Heart of Pakistan</a>,<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a> <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_world" title="Eastern world">East</a>,<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a> City of Gardens,<a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a> <a href="/wiki/City_of_Literature" title="City of Literature">City of Literature</a> (by <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a>)<a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="switcher-container"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><a href="/wiki/File:Lahore_Map.PNG" class="mw-file-description" title="Pakistan, with Lahore pinpointed at the northeast"><img alt="Pakistan, with Lahore pinpointed at the northeast" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Lahore_Map.PNG/250px-Lahore_Map.PNG" decoding="async" width="250" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Lahore_Map.PNG/375px-Lahore_Map.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Lahore_Map.PNG/500px-Lahore_Map.PNG 2x" data-file-width="1223" data-file-height="816" /></a><div class="od notheme" style="top:32.141%;left:56.052%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><img alt="Pakistan, with Lahore pinpointed at the northeast" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Lahore</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Map of Lahore</div>Show map of Lahore</div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><a href="/wiki/File:Pakistan_Punjab_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pakistan, with Lahore pinpointed at the northeast"><img alt="Pakistan, with Lahore pinpointed at the northeast" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Pakistan_Punjab_location_map.svg/250px-Pakistan_Punjab_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="260" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Pakistan_Punjab_location_map.svg/375px-Pakistan_Punjab_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Pakistan_Punjab_location_map.svg/500px-Pakistan_Punjab_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="965" data-file-height="1004" /></a><div class="od notheme" style="top:39.556%;left:80.986%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><img alt="Pakistan, with Lahore pinpointed at the northeast" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:4px"><div>Lahore</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location within Punjab</div>Show map of <a href="/wiki/Punjab,_Pakistan" title="Punjab, Pakistan">Punjab, Pakistan</a></div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><a href="/wiki/File:Pakistan_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pakistan, with Lahore pinpointed at the northeast"><img alt="Pakistan, with Lahore pinpointed at the northeast" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Pakistan_location_map.svg/250px-Pakistan_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Pakistan_location_map.svg/375px-Pakistan_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Pakistan_location_map.svg/500px-Pakistan_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2365" data-file-height="1890" /></a><div class="od notheme" style="top:41.369%;left:69.218%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><img alt="Pakistan, with Lahore pinpointed at the northeast" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Lahore</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location within Pakistan</div>Show map of Pakistan</div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><a href="/wiki/File:South_Asia_non_political,_with_rivers.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pakistan, with Lahore pinpointed at the northeast"><img alt="Pakistan, with Lahore pinpointed at the northeast" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/South_Asia_non_political%2C_with_rivers.jpg/250px-South_Asia_non_political%2C_with_rivers.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="231" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/South_Asia_non_political%2C_with_rivers.jpg/375px-South_Asia_non_political%2C_with_rivers.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/South_Asia_non_political%2C_with_rivers.jpg/500px-South_Asia_non_political%2C_with_rivers.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2324" data-file-height="2151" /></a><div class="od notheme" style="top:24%;left:37.776%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><img alt="Pakistan, with Lahore pinpointed at the northeast" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Lahore</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location within South Asia</div>Show map of South Asia</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Lahore&params=31_32_59_N_74_20_37_E_region:PK_type:city(13004135)">31°32′59″N 74°20′37″E / 31.54972°N 74.34361°E / 31.54972; 74.34361</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Provinces of Pakistan">Province</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_Punjab.svg/23px-Flag_of_Punjab.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_Punjab.svg/35px-Flag_of_Punjab.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_Punjab.svg/45px-Flag_of_Punjab.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="793" data-file-height="528" /> <a href="/wiki/Punjab_(Pakistan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Punjab (Pakistan)">Punjab</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Divisions_of_Pakistan" title="Divisions of Pakistan">Division</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Lahore_Division" title="Lahore Division">Lahore</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Pakistan" title="Districts of Pakistan">District</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Lahore_district" class="mw-redirect" title="Lahore district">Lahore</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="#Origins">Founded</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Origins_of_Lahore" title="Origins of Lahore">Between 1st and 7th centuries CE</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Lahore#Medieval_era#Ghaznavid_Empire" title="History of Lahore">City status</a></th><td class="infobox-data">1040; 985 years ago (1040)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Mughal_period_in_Lahore" title="Mughal period in Lahore">Imperial status</a></th><td class="infobox-data">27 May 1586; 438 years ago (27 May 1586)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Corporation_(Pakistan)" title="Metropolitan Corporation (Pakistan)">Metropolitan status</a></th><td class="infobox-data">3 February 1890; 135 years ago (3 February 1890)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Metropolitan seat</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Lahore_Town_Hall" title="Lahore Town Hall">Lahore Town Hall</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_zones_in_Lahore" class="mw-redirect" title="List of zones in Lahore">Zones</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>10</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Ravi_Town" title="Ravi Town">Ravi</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Shalimar_Tehsil" title="Shalimar Tehsil">Shalimar</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Aziz_Bhatti_Town" title="Aziz Bhatti Town">Aziz Bhatti</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Data_Sahib_Zone" title="Data Sahib Zone">Data Gunj Buksh</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Gulberg,_Lahore" title="Gulberg, Lahore">Gulberg</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Samanabad_Town" title="Samanabad Town">Samanabad</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Iqbal_Town,_Lahore" title="Iqbal Town, Lahore">Iqbal</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Nishtar_Town" title="Nishtar Town">Nishtar</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Wagah" title="Wagah">Wagah</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Lahore_Cantonment" title="Lahore Cantonment">Cantonment</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Corporation_(Pakistan)" title="Metropolitan Corporation (Pakistan)">Metropolitan corporation</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Body</th><td class="infobox-data agent"><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Corporation_(Pakistan)#List_of_Metropolitan_Corporations" title="Metropolitan Corporation (Pakistan)">Lahore Metropolitan Corporation</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_Lahore" title="Mayor of Lahore">Mayor</a></th><td class="infobox-data">None (Vacant)<a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_Lahore" title="Mayor of Lahore">Deputy Mayors</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_Lahore" title="Mayor of Lahore">9 Zonal Mayors</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Deputy_Commissioner_(Pakistan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Deputy Commissioner (Pakistan)">Deputy Commissioner</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Syed Musa Raza <a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Administrative_Service" title="Pakistan Administrative Service">(BPS-19 PAS)</a><a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Punjab_Police_(Pakistan)" title="Punjab Police (Pakistan)">Capital City Police Officer</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Bilal Siddiqui Kamyana <a href="/wiki/Police_Service_of_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Police Service of Pakistan">(BPS-21 PSP)</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Provincial_Assembly_of_the_Punjab" title="Provincial Assembly of the Punjab">Punjab Assembly</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_18th_Provincial_Assembly_of_the_Punjab" title="List of members of the 18th Provincial Assembly of the Punjab">30 members</a></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Sami_Ullah_Khan" title="Sami Ullah Khan">Sami Ullah Khan</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Muslim_League_(N)" title="Pakistan Muslim League (N)">PML-N</a>; <a href="/wiki/PP-145_Lahore-I" title="PP-145 Lahore-I">PP-145</a>) </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Ghazali_Saleem_Butt" title="Ghazali Saleem Butt">Ghazali Saleem Butt</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Muslim_League_(N)" title="Pakistan Muslim League (N)">PML-N</a>; <a href="/wiki/PP-146_Lahore-II" title="PP-146 Lahore-II">PP-146</a>) </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Riaz_Malik" title="Muhammad Riaz Malik">Muhammad Riaz Malik</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Muslim_League_(N)" title="Pakistan Muslim League (N)">PML-N</a>; <a href="/wiki/PP-147_Lahore-III" title="PP-147 Lahore-III">PP-147</a>) </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Mian_Mujtaba_Shuja-ur-Rehman" title="Mian Mujtaba Shuja-ur-Rehman">Mujtaba Shuja-ur-Rehman</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Muslim_League_(N)" title="Pakistan Muslim League (N)">PML-N</a>; <a href="/wiki/PP-148_Lahore-IV" title="PP-148 Lahore-IV">PP-148</a>) </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Shoaib_Siddiqui" title="Muhammad Shoaib Siddiqui">Muhammad Shoaib Siddiqui</a> (<a href="/wiki/Istehkam-e-Pakistan_Party" title="Istehkam-e-Pakistan Party">IPP</a>; <a href="/wiki/PP-149_Lahore-V" title="PP-149 Lahore-V">PP-149</a>) </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Khawaja_Imran_Nazir" title="Khawaja Imran Nazir">Khawaja Imran Nazir</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Muslim_League_(N)" title="Pakistan Muslim League (N)">PML-N</a>; <a href="/wiki/PP-150_Lahore-VI" title="PP-150 Lahore-VI">PP-150</a>) </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Sohail_Shaukat_Butt" title="Sohail Shaukat Butt">Sohail Shaukat Butt</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Muslim_League_(N)" title="Pakistan Muslim League (N)">PML-N</a>; <a href="/wiki/PP-151_Lahore-VII" title="PP-151 Lahore-VII">PP-151</a>) </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Malik_Muhammad_Waheed" title="Malik Muhammad Waheed">Malik Muhammad Waheed</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Muslim_League_(N)" title="Pakistan Muslim League (N)">PML-N</a>; <a href="/wiki/PP-152_Lahore-VIII" title="PP-152 Lahore-VIII">PP-152</a>) </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Khawaja_Salman_Rafique" title="Khawaja Salman Rafique">Khawaja Salman Rafique</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Muslim_League_(N)" title="Pakistan Muslim League (N)">PML-N</a>; <a href="/wiki/PP-153_Lahore-IX" title="PP-153 Lahore-IX">PP-153</a>) </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Malik_Ghulam_Habib_Awan" title="Malik Ghulam Habib Awan">Ghulam Habib Awan</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Muslim_League_(N)" title="Pakistan Muslim League (N)">PML-N</a>; <a href="/wiki/PP-154_Lahore-X" title="PP-154 Lahore-X">PP-154</a>) </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Imtiaz_Mehmood" title="Imtiaz Mehmood">Imtiaz Mehmood</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sunni_Ittehad_Council" title="Sunni Ittehad Council">SIC</a>; <a href="/wiki/PP-155_Lahore-XI" title="PP-155 Lahore-XI">PP-155</a>) </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Ali_Imtiaz" title="Ali Imtiaz">Ali Imtiaz Warraich</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sunni_Ittehad_Council" title="Sunni Ittehad Council">SIC</a>; <a href="/wiki/PP-156_Lahore-XII" title="PP-156 Lahore-XII">PP-156</a>) </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Hafiz_Farhat_Abbas" title="Hafiz Farhat Abbas">Hafiz Farhat Abbas</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sunni_Ittehad_Council" title="Sunni Ittehad Council">SIC</a>; <a href="/wiki/PP-157_Lahore-XIII" title="PP-157 Lahore-XIII">PP-157</a>) </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Chaudhary_Muhammad_Nawaz_Ladhar" title="Chaudhary Muhammad Nawaz Ladhar">Muhammad Nawaz Ladhar</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Muslim_League_(N)" title="Pakistan Muslim League (N)">PML-N</a>; <a href="/wiki/PP-158_Lahore-XIV" title="PP-158 Lahore-XIV">PP-158</a>) </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Maryam_Nawaz" title="Maryam Nawaz">Maryam Nawaz Sharif</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Muslim_League_(N)" title="Pakistan Muslim League (N)">PML-N</a>; <a href="/wiki/PP-159_Lahore-XV" title="PP-159 Lahore-XV">PP-159</a>) </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Malik_Asad_Ali_Khokhar" title="Malik Asad Ali Khokhar">Asad Ali Khokhar</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Muslim_League_(N)" title="Pakistan Muslim League (N)">PML-N</a>; <a href="/wiki/PP-160_Lahore-XVI" title="PP-160 Lahore-XVI">PP-160</a>) </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Farrukh_Javaid" title="Farrukh Javaid">Farrukh Javaid</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sunni_Ittehad_Council" title="Sunni Ittehad Council">SIC</a>; <a href="/wiki/PP-161_Lahore-XVII" title="PP-161 Lahore-XVII">PP-161</a>) </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Shahbaz_Ali_Khokhar" title="Shahbaz Ali Khokhar">Shahbaz Ali Khokhar</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Muslim_League_(N)" title="Pakistan Muslim League (N)">PML-N</a>; <a href="/wiki/PP-162_Lahore-XVIII" title="PP-162 Lahore-XVIII">PP-162</a>) </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Imran_Javed" title="Imran Javed">Imran Javed</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Muslim_League_(N)" title="Pakistan Muslim League (N)">PML-N</a>; <a href="/wiki/PP-163_Lahore-XIX" title="PP-163 Lahore-XIX">PP-163</a>) </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Rana_Rashid_Minhas" title="Rana Rashid Minhas">Rana Rashid Minhas</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Muslim_League_(N)" title="Pakistan Muslim League (N)">PML-N</a>; <a href="/wiki/PP-164_Lahore-XX" title="PP-164 Lahore-XX">PP-164</a>) </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Ahmer_Rasheed_Bhatti" title="Ahmer Rasheed Bhatti">Ahmer Rasheed Bhatti</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sunni_Ittehad_Council" title="Sunni Ittehad Council">SIC</a>; <a href="/wiki/PP-165_Lahore-XXI" title="PP-165 Lahore-XXI">PP-165</a>) </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Anas_Mehmood" title="Muhammad Anas Mehmood">Muhammad Anas Mehmood</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Muslim_League_(N)" title="Pakistan Muslim League (N)">PML-N</a>; <a href="/wiki/PP-166_Lahore-XXII" title="PP-166 Lahore-XXII">PP-166</a>) </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Irfan_Shafi_Khokhar" title="Irfan Shafi Khokhar">Irfan Shafi Khokhar</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Muslim_League_(N)" title="Pakistan Muslim League (N)">PML-N</a>; <a href="/wiki/PP-167_Lahore-XXIII" title="PP-167 Lahore-XXIII">PP-167</a>) </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Faisal_Ayub_Khokhar" title="Faisal Ayub Khokhar">Faisal Ayub Khokhar</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Muslim_League_(N)" title="Pakistan Muslim League (N)">PML-N</a>; <a href="/wiki/PP-168_Lahore-XXIV" title="PP-168 Lahore-XXIV">PP-168</a>) </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Malik_Khalid_Pervaz_Khokhar" title="Malik Khalid Pervaz Khokhar">Khalid Pervaz Khokhar</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Muslim_League_(N)" title="Pakistan Muslim League (N)">PML-N</a>; <a href="/wiki/PP-169_Lahore-XXV" title="PP-169 Lahore-XXV">PP-169</a>) </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Mian_Muhammad_Haroon_Akbar" title="Mian Muhammad Haroon Akbar">Muhammad Haroon Akbar</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sunni_Ittehad_Council" title="Sunni Ittehad Council">SIC</a>; <a href="/wiki/PP-170_Lahore-XXVI" title="PP-170 Lahore-XXVI">PP-170</a>) </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Mian_Aslam_Iqbal" title="Mian Aslam Iqbal">Muhammad Aslam Iqbal</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sunni_Ittehad_Council" title="Sunni Ittehad Council">SIC</a>; <a href="/wiki/PP-171_Lahore-XXVII" title="PP-171 Lahore-XXVII">PP-171</a>) </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Misbah_Wajid" title="Misbah Wajid">Misbah Wajid</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sunni_Ittehad_Council" title="Sunni Ittehad Council">SIC</a>; <a href="/wiki/PP-172_Lahore-XXVIII" title="PP-172 Lahore-XXVIII">PP-172</a>) </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Mian_Marghoob_Ahmad" title="Mian Marghoob Ahmad">Mian Marghoob Ahmad</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Muslim_League_(N)" title="Pakistan Muslim League (N)">PML-N</a>; <a href="/wiki/PP-173_Lahore-XXIX" title="PP-173 Lahore-XXIX">PP-173</a>) </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Bilal_Yasin" title="Bilal Yasin">Bilal Yasin</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Muslim_League_(N)" title="Pakistan Muslim League (N)">PML-N</a>; <a href="/wiki/PP-174_Lahore-XXX" title="PP-174 Lahore-XXX">PP-174</a>) </li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><a href="#cite_note-pportal-7">[7]</a></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Metro<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">1,772 km2 (684 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Punjab,_Pakistan_by_area" title="List of cities in Punjab, Pakistan by area">1st (Punjab)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_metropolitan_areas_in_Pakistan" title="List of metropolitan areas in Pakistan">2nd (Pakistan)</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Highest elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><a href="#cite_note-9">[a]</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">231 m (758 ft)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Lowest elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><a href="#cite_note-topographic-map-8">[8]</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">196 m (643 ft)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><a href="/wiki/2023_Census_of_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="2023 Census of Pakistan">2023</a>)<a href="#cite_note-2023_Census-10">[9]</a></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • <a href="/wiki/Megacity" title="Megacity">Megacity</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">13,004,135</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Punjab,_Pakistan_by_population" title="List of cities in Punjab, Pakistan by population">1st (Punjab)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_cities_in_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="List of largest cities in Pakistan">2nd (Pakistan)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_proper_by_population" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities proper by population">26th (world)</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Metro density</th><td class="infobox-data">7,339/km2 (19,010/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Languages_in_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages in Pakistan">Language(s)</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_language" title="Punjabi language">Punjabi</a> (native & majority)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Urdu" title="Urdu">Urdu</a> (official & minority)</li><li><a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a> (official)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Punjabi_dialects_and_languages" title="Punjabi dialects and languages">Dialect</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Majhi_dialect" title="Majhi dialect">Majhi</a> (native & dominant)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonym(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data">General: Lahori<a href="#cite_note-12">[b]</a> <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a>: Lahorite</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Religion <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488">(<a href="/wiki/2017_Pakistani_census" title="2017 Pakistani census">2017</a>)<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Lahore" title="Religion in Lahore">Religion</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>List</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> 94.7% <a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Pakistan" title="Islam in Pakistan">Islam</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> 5.14% <a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Pakistan" title="Christianity in Pakistan">Christianity</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> 0.12% <a href="/wiki/Ahmadiyya_in_Pakistan" title="Ahmadiyya in Pakistan">Ahmadiyya</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> 0.02% <a href="/wiki/Hinduism_in_Pakistan" title="Hinduism in Pakistan">Hinduism</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> 0.01% <a href="/wiki/Sikhism_in_Pakistan" title="Sikhism in Pakistan">Sikhism</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> 0.01% <a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Pakistan" title="Religion in Pakistan">other</a> </li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B5" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+5">UTC+5</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Standard_Time" title="Pakistan Standard Time">PKT</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Postal_codes_in_Pakistan" title="Postal codes in Pakistan">Postal code</a></th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="postal-code">53XXX – 55XXX</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Dialling_codes_in_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Dialling codes in Pakistan">Dialing code</a></th><td class="infobox-data">042<a href="#cite_note-13">[11]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plate" title="Vehicle registration plate">Vehicle registration</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>List</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li>LH</li><li>LHA</li><li>LHB</li><li>LHC</li><li>LHD</li><li>LHE</li><li>LHF</li><li>LHG</li><li>LHH</li><li>LHJ</li><li>LHK</li><li>LHL</li><li>LHP</li></ul></div></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Gross_domestic_product" title="Gross domestic product">GDP (PPP)</a></th><td class="infobox-data">$84 billion (2019)<a href="#cite_note-thebusinessyear.com-14">[12]</a><a href="#cite_note-finance.gov.pk-15">[13]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/International_airport" title="International airport">International airport</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Allama_Iqbal_International_Airport" title="Allama Iqbal International Airport">Allama Iqbal International Airport</a> (<a href="/wiki/IATA_airport_code" title="IATA airport code">LHE</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Rapid_Transit" class="mw-redirect" title="Rapid Transit">Rapid Transit</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Lahore_Metrobus" title="Lahore Metrobus">Lahore Metrobus</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Pakistan#Police_Service_of_Pakistan_(PSP)" title="Law enforcement in Pakistan">Police</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Punjab_Police_(Pakistan)" title="Punjab Police (Pakistan)">Capital City Police Lahore</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Development Authority</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Lahore_Development_Authority" title="Lahore Development Authority">Lahore Development Authority</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Human_Development_Index" title="Human Development Index">HDI</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488">(2018)</th><td class="infobox-data">0.877<a href="#cite_note-16">[14]</a> (very high) · <a href="/wiki/List_of_administrative_units_of_Pakistan_by_Human_Development_Index" title="List of administrative units of Pakistan by Human Development Index">3rd</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Growth</th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> 8.06%</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Literacy_in_Pakistan" title="Literacy in Pakistan">Literacy</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488">(<a href="/wiki/2017_Pakistani_census" title="2017 Pakistani census">2023</a>)</th><td class="infobox-data">81%</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Constituencies in the <a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_of_Pakistan" title="National Assembly of Pakistan">National Assembly</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="width: 100px;">14 / 336<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #000; color:inherit; width: 4%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Human_sex_ratio" title="Human sex ratio">Sex ratio</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488">(<a href="/wiki/2017_Pakistani_census" title="2017 Pakistani census">2017</a>)</th><td class="infobox-data">912 <a href="/wiki/Females" class="mw-redirect" title="Females">♀</a>/1000 <a href="/wiki/Male" title="Male">♂</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Climate</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/BSh" class="mw-redirect" title="BSh">BSh</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Abbreviation</th><td class="infobox-data">LHR/ایل ایچ آر</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Patron_saint" title="Patron saint">Patron saint</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ali_al-Hujwiri" title="Ali al-Hujwiri">Ali al-Hujwiri</a><a href="#cite_note-17">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-18">[16]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lahore.punjab.gov.pk">lahore.punjab.gov.pk</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151960987">body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox table{display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox caption{display:table-caption}</style> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><div style="border:4px solid #0177D3; line-height: 1.5; text-align: center;"> <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">UNESCO World Heritage Site</a></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.3em;">Official name</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cultural_heritage_sites_in_Lahore" title="List of cultural heritage sites in Lahore">Fort and Shalamar Gardens in Lahore</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.3em;"><a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site#Selection_criteria" title="World Heritage Site">Criteria</a></th><td class="infobox-data category">Cultural: (i)(ii)(iii)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.3em;">Reference</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/171-002">171-002</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.3em;">Inscription</th><td class="infobox-data">1981 (5th <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Committee" title="World Heritage Committee">Session</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.3em;">Extensions</th><td class="infobox-data">2009</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.3em;">Area</th><td class="infobox-data category">36 ha (89 acres)</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> Lahore (<a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/ləˈhɔːr/</a> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key">lə-HOR</a>; <a href="/wiki/Punjabi_language" title="Punjabi language">Punjabi</a>: <span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">لہور <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Punjabi" title="Help:IPA/Punjabi">[lɔː˥˩ɾᵊ]</a>; <a href="/wiki/Urdu_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Urdu language">Urdu</a>: <span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">لاہور <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Hindi_and_Urdu" title="Help:IPA/Hindi and Urdu">[laːˈɦɔːɾ]</a> <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/9\/92\/LL-Q1617_%28urd%29-%D9%86%D8%B9%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%AF%D9%84-%D9%84%D8%A7%DB%81%D9%88%D8%B1.wav\/LL-Q1617_%28urd%29-%D9%86%D8%B9%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%AF%D9%84-%D9%84%D8%A7%DB%81%D9%88%D8%B1.wav.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"LL-Q1617 (urd)-\u0646\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0644-\u0644\u0627\u06c1\u0648\u0631.wav"},"classes":["noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/92/LL-Q1617_%28urd%29-%D9%86%D8%B9%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%AF%D9%84-%D9%84%D8%A7%DB%81%D9%88%D8%B1.wav/LL-Q1617_%28urd%29-%D9%86%D8%B9%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%AF%D9%84-%D9%84%D8%A7%DB%81%D9%88%D8%B1.wav.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:LL-Q1617_(urd)-%D9%86%D8%B9%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%AF%D9%84-%D9%84%D8%A7%DB%81%D9%88%D8%B1.wav" title="File:LL-Q1617 (urd)-نعم البدل-لاہور.wav">ⓘ</a>) is the capital and largest city of the <a href="/wiki/Administrative_units_of_Pakistan" title="Administrative units of Pakistan">Pakistani province</a> of <a href="/wiki/Punjab,_Pakistan" title="Punjab, Pakistan">Punjab</a>. It is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Pakistan_by_population" title="List of cities in Pakistan by population">second largest</a> city in <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a>, after <a href="/wiki/Karachi" title="Karachi">Karachi</a>, and 27th <a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_cities" title="List of largest cities">largest in the world</a>, with a population of over 14 million.<a href="#cite_note-19">[17]</a> Lahore is one of Pakistan's major industrial, educational and economic hubs.<a href="#cite_note-thebusinessyear.com-14">[12]</a><a href="#cite_note-finance.gov.pk-15">[13]</a> It has been the historic capital and cultural center of the wider <a href="/wiki/Punjab_region" class="mw-redirect" title="Punjab region">Punjab region</a>,<a href="#cite_note-20">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-21">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-Luther1990-22">[20]</a> and is one of Pakistan's most <a href="/wiki/Social_liberalism" title="Social liberalism">socially liberal</a>,<a href="#cite_note-23">[21]</a> <a href="/wiki/Progressivism" title="Progressivism">progressive</a>,<a href="#cite_note-24">[22]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cosmopolitanism" title="Cosmopolitanism">cosmopolitan</a> cities.<a href="#cite_note-25">[23]</a> <a href="/wiki/Origins_of_Lahore" title="Origins of Lahore">Lahore's origin</a> dates back to antiquity. The city has been inhabited for around two <a href="/wiki/Millennia" class="mw-redirect" title="Millennia">millennia</a>, although it rose to prominence in the late 10th century with the establishment of the <a href="/wiki/Walled_City_of_Lahore" title="Walled City of Lahore">Walled City</a>, its fortified interior.<a href="#cite_note-antiquity-26">[24]</a> Lahore served as the capital of several empires during the medieval era, including the <a href="/wiki/Hindu_Shahi" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindu Shahi">Hindu Shahis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ghaznavids" title="Ghaznavids">Ghaznavid Empire</a> and <a href="/wiki/Delhi_Sultanate" title="Delhi Sultanate">Delhi Sultanate</a>. It reached the height of its splendor under the <a href="/wiki/Mughal_Empire" title="Mughal Empire">Mughal Empire</a> between the late 16th and early 18th centuries, being its capital city for many years. During this period, it was one of the largest cities in the world.<a href="#cite_note-Dyson-27">[25]</a> <a href="/wiki/Nader_Shah%27s_invasion_of_India" title="Nader Shah's invasion of India">The city was captured</a> by the forces of the <a href="/wiki/Afsharid_dynasty" title="Afsharid dynasty">Afsharid</a> ruler <a href="/wiki/Nader_Shah" title="Nader Shah">Nader Shah</a> in 1739. Although the Mughal authority was re-established, it fell into a period of decay while being contested among the <a href="/wiki/Durrani_Empire" title="Durrani Empire">Afghans</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Sikh_Empire" title="Sikh Empire">Sikhs</a> between 1748 and 1798. Lahore eventually became the capital of the <a href="/wiki/Sikh_Empire" title="Sikh Empire">Sikh Empire</a> in the early 19th century, regaining some of its lost grandeur.&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGlover2008[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_August_2024]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;-28">[26]</a> Lahore was annexed to the <a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">British Raj</a> in 1849 and became the capital of <a href="/wiki/Punjab_Province_(British_India)" title="Punjab Province (British India)">British Punjab</a>.<a href="#cite_note-29">[27]</a> Lahore was central to the independence movements of <a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">British India</a>, with the city being the site of both the <a href="/wiki/Purna_Swaraj" title="Purna Swaraj">Declaration of Indian Independence</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Lahore_Resolution" title="Lahore Resolution">resolution calling for the establishment of Pakistan</a>. It experienced some of the worst rioting during the <a href="/wiki/Partition_of_British_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Partition of British India">Partition</a> period preceding Pakistan's establishment.&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKudaisyaYong2004[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_August_2024]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;-30">[28]</a> Following the success of the <a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Movement" title="Pakistan Movement">Pakistan Movement</a> and the subsequent partition of British India in 1947, Lahore was declared the capital of Pakistan's Punjab province. Located in central-eastern Punjab, along the <a href="/wiki/Ravi_River" title="Ravi River">River Ravi</a>, it is the largest <a href="/wiki/Punjabi_language" title="Punjabi language">Punjabi</a>-speaking city in the world. Lahore exerts a strong cultural and political influence over Pakistan.<a href="#cite_note-31">[29]</a> A UNESCO <a href="/wiki/City_of_Literature" title="City of Literature">City of Literature</a> and major centre for Pakistan's publishing industry, Lahore remains the foremost center of Pakistan's literary scene. The city is also a major centre of education,<a href="#cite_note-2005_pg7_15-32">[30]</a> with some of Pakistan's leading universities based in the city.<a href="#cite_note-33">[31]</a> Lahore is home to Pakistan's <a href="/wiki/Lollywood" title="Lollywood">Punjabi film industry</a>, and is a major centre of <a href="/wiki/Qawwali" title="Qawwali">Qawwali music</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Windsor_all-34">[32]</a> The city also hosts much of <a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Pakistan" title="Tourism in Pakistan">Pakistan's tourism industry</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Windsor_all-34">[32]</a><a href="#cite_note-Planet-35">[33]</a> with major attractions including the <a href="/wiki/Walled_City_of_Lahore" title="Walled City of Lahore">Walled City</a>, the famous <a href="/wiki/Badshahi_Mosque" title="Badshahi Mosque">Badshahi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wazir_Khan_Mosque" title="Wazir Khan Mosque">Wazir Khan</a> mosques, as well as several <a href="/wiki/Sikh" class="mw-redirect" title="Sikh">Sikh</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sufi" class="mw-redirect" title="Sufi">Sufi</a> shrines. Lahore is also home to the <a href="/wiki/Lahore_Fort" title="Lahore Fort">Lahore Fort</a> and <a href="/wiki/Shalimar_Gardens,_Lahore" title="Shalimar Gardens, Lahore">Shalimar Gardens</a>, both of which are <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a> <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">World Heritage Sites</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Planet-35">[33]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lahore&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Etymology_of_Lahore" title="Etymology of Lahore">Etymology of Lahore</a></div> The origin of Lahore's name is unclear. The city's name has been variously recorded by early Muslim historians as Luhawar, Lūhār, and Rahwar.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELatif18925-36">[34]</a> The Iranian polymath and geographer, <a href="/wiki/Al-Biruni" title="Al-Biruni">Abu Rayhan al-Biruni</a>, referred to the city as Luhāwar in his 11th century work, Qanun,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELatif18925-36">[34]</a> while the poet <a href="/wiki/Amir_Khusrow" class="mw-redirect" title="Amir Khusrow">Amir Khusrow</a>, who lived during the <a href="/wiki/Delhi_Sultanate" title="Delhi Sultanate">Delhi Sultanate</a> period, recorded the city's name as Lāhanūr.<a href="#cite_note-:22-37">[35]</a> <a href="/wiki/Yaqut_al-Hamawi" title="Yaqut al-Hamawi">Yaqut al-Hamawi</a> records the city's name as Lawhūr, mentioning that it was famously known as Lahāwar.<a href="#cite_note-38">[36]</a> Persian historian <a href="/wiki/Firishta" title="Firishta">Firishta</a> mentions the city as Alahwar in his work, with al-Ahwar being another variation.<a href="#cite_note-briggs-39">[37]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWink2002a121-40">[38]</a> One theory suggests that Lahore's name is a corruption of the word Ravāwar, as R to L shifts are common in languages derived from <a href="/wiki/Sanskrit" title="Sanskrit">Sanskrit</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:32-41">[39]</a> Ravāwar is the simplified pronunciation of the name Iravatyāwar, a name possibly derived from the <a href="/wiki/Ravi_River" title="Ravi River">Ravi River</a>, known as the Iravati River in the <a href="/wiki/Vedas" title="Vedas">Vedas</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:32-41">[39]</a><a href="#cite_note-42">[40]</a> Another theory suggests the city's name may derive from the word Lohar, meaning "blacksmith".<a href="#cite_note-43">[41]</a> According to a legend,<a href="#cite_note-44">[42]</a><a href="#cite_note-45">[43]</a> Lahore's name derives from Lavpur or Lavapuri (City of <a href="/wiki/Lava_(Ramayana)" title="Lava (Ramayana)">Lava</a>),<a href="#cite_note-46">[44]</a> and is said to have been founded by Prince Lava,<a href="#cite_note-47">[45]</a> the son of <a href="/wiki/Sita" title="Sita">Sita</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rama" title="Rama">Rama</a>. The same account attributes the founding of nearby <a href="/wiki/Kasur" title="Kasur">Kasur</a> to his twin brother <a href="/wiki/Kusha_(Ramayana)" title="Kusha (Ramayana)">Kusha</a>,<a href="#cite_note-48">[46]</a> though it was actually established in the 16th century.<a href="#cite_note-49">[47]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lahore&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1224211176">.mw-parser-output .quotebox{background-color:#F9F9F9;border:1px solid #aaa;box-sizing:border-box;padding:10px;font-size:88%;max-width:100%}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft{margin:.5em 1.4em .8em 0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright{margin:.5em 0 .8em 1.4em}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.centered{overflow:hidden;position:relative;margin:.5em auto .8em auto}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft span,.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright span{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox>blockquote{margin:0;padding:0;border-left:0;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-title{text-align:center;font-size:110%;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote>:first-child{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote:last-child>:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:before{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" “ ";vertical-align:-45%;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:after{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" ” ";line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .left-aligned{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .right-aligned{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .center-aligned{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quote-title,.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quotebox-quote{display:block}.mw-parser-output .quotebox cite{display:block;font-style:normal}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .quotebox{width:100%!important;margin:0 0 .8em!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="quotebox pullquote floatleft" style="width:23em; ; font-size: 90%; color: #202122;background-color: GhostWhite;"> <div class="quotebox-title" style="color: #202122;background-color: GhostWhite;">Historical affiliations</div> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> <a href="/wiki/Taank_Kingdom" title="Taank Kingdom">Taank Kingdom</a> 550–950 <a href="/wiki/Hindu_Shahis" title="Hindu Shahis">Hindu Shahis</a> 1001–1020 <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_the_Ghaznavids_Empire.png/23px-Flag_of_the_Ghaznavids_Empire.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_the_Ghaznavids_Empire.png/35px-Flag_of_the_Ghaznavids_Empire.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_the_Ghaznavids_Empire.png/45px-Flag_of_the_Ghaznavids_Empire.png 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2175" /> <a href="/wiki/Ghaznavid_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Ghaznavid Empire">Ghaznavid Empire</a> 1020–1186 <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Ghurid.Empire.png/23px-Ghurid.Empire.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Ghurid.Empire.png/35px-Ghurid.Empire.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Ghurid.Empire.png/45px-Ghurid.Empire.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="533" /> <a href="/wiki/Ghurid_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Ghurid Empire">Ghurid Empire</a> 1186–1206 <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Delhi_Sultanate_Flag.svg/23px-Delhi_Sultanate_Flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Delhi_Sultanate_Flag.svg/35px-Delhi_Sultanate_Flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Delhi_Sultanate_Flag.svg/46px-Delhi_Sultanate_Flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2687" data-file-height="1267" /> <a href="/wiki/Delhi_Sultanate" title="Delhi Sultanate">Delhi Sultanate</a> 1206–1214 <a href="/wiki/Nasir_ad-Din_Qabacha" title="Nasir ad-Din Qabacha">Multan State</a> 1214–1217 <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Delhi_Sultanate_Flag.svg/23px-Delhi_Sultanate_Flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Delhi_Sultanate_Flag.svg/35px-Delhi_Sultanate_Flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Delhi_Sultanate_Flag.svg/46px-Delhi_Sultanate_Flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2687" data-file-height="1267" /> <a href="/wiki/Delhi_Sultanate" title="Delhi Sultanate">Delhi Sultanate</a> 1217–1223 <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Khwarazmia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Khwarazmia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Khwarazmia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Khwarazmia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Khwarazmia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Khwarazmia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="507" data-file-height="333" /> <a href="/wiki/Khwarazmian_Empire" title="Khwarazmian Empire">Khwarazmian Empire</a> 1223–1228 <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Delhi_Sultanate_Flag.svg/23px-Delhi_Sultanate_Flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Delhi_Sultanate_Flag.svg/35px-Delhi_Sultanate_Flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Delhi_Sultanate_Flag.svg/46px-Delhi_Sultanate_Flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2687" data-file-height="1267" /> <a href="/wiki/Delhi_Sultanate" title="Delhi Sultanate">Delhi Sultanate</a> 1228–1241 <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Flag_of_The_Mongol_Empire_3.png/23px-Flag_of_The_Mongol_Empire_3.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Flag_of_The_Mongol_Empire_3.png/35px-Flag_of_The_Mongol_Empire_3.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Flag_of_The_Mongol_Empire_3.png/45px-Flag_of_The_Mongol_Empire_3.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="533" /> <a href="/wiki/Mongol_Empire" title="Mongol Empire">Mongol Empire</a> 1241– 1266 <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Delhi_Sultanate_Flag.svg/23px-Delhi_Sultanate_Flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Delhi_Sultanate_Flag.svg/35px-Delhi_Sultanate_Flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Delhi_Sultanate_Flag.svg/46px-Delhi_Sultanate_Flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2687" data-file-height="1267" /> <a href="/wiki/Delhi_Sultanate" title="Delhi Sultanate">Delhi Sultanate</a> 1266–1287 <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Flag_of_The_Mongol_Empire_3.png/23px-Flag_of_The_Mongol_Empire_3.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Flag_of_The_Mongol_Empire_3.png/35px-Flag_of_The_Mongol_Empire_3.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Flag_of_The_Mongol_Empire_3.png/45px-Flag_of_The_Mongol_Empire_3.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="533" /> <a href="/wiki/Mongol_Empire" title="Mongol Empire">Mongol Empire</a> 1287–1305 <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Delhi_Sultanate_Flag.svg/23px-Delhi_Sultanate_Flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Delhi_Sultanate_Flag.svg/35px-Delhi_Sultanate_Flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Delhi_Sultanate_Flag.svg/46px-Delhi_Sultanate_Flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2687" data-file-height="1267" /> <a href="/wiki/Delhi_Sultanate" title="Delhi Sultanate">Delhi Sultanate</a> 1305–1329 <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Flag_of_Chagatai_Khanate.svg/21px-Flag_of_Chagatai_Khanate.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Flag_of_Chagatai_Khanate.svg/32px-Flag_of_Chagatai_Khanate.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Flag_of_Chagatai_Khanate.svg/42px-Flag_of_Chagatai_Khanate.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1400" data-file-height="1000" /> <a href="/wiki/Chagatai_Khanate" title="Chagatai Khanate">Chagatai Khanate</a> 1329 <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Delhi_Sultanate_Flag.svg/23px-Delhi_Sultanate_Flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Delhi_Sultanate_Flag.svg/35px-Delhi_Sultanate_Flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Delhi_Sultanate_Flag.svg/46px-Delhi_Sultanate_Flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2687" data-file-height="1267" /> <a href="/wiki/Delhi_Sultanate" title="Delhi Sultanate">Delhi Sultanate</a> 1329–1342 <a href="/wiki/Khokhar" title="Khokhar">Khokhars</a> 1342 <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Delhi_Sultanate_Flag.svg/23px-Delhi_Sultanate_Flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Delhi_Sultanate_Flag.svg/35px-Delhi_Sultanate_Flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Delhi_Sultanate_Flag.svg/46px-Delhi_Sultanate_Flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2687" data-file-height="1267" /> <a href="/wiki/Delhi_Sultanate" title="Delhi Sultanate">Delhi Sultanate</a> 1342–1394 <a href="/wiki/Khokhar" title="Khokhar">Khokhars</a> 1394–1398 <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Timurid_Empire_flag.svg/23px-Timurid_Empire_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Timurid_Empire_flag.svg/35px-Timurid_Empire_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Timurid_Empire_flag.svg/45px-Timurid_Empire_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Timurid_Empire" title="Timurid Empire">Timurid Empire</a> 1398–1414 <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Delhi_Sultanate_Flag.svg/23px-Delhi_Sultanate_Flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Delhi_Sultanate_Flag.svg/35px-Delhi_Sultanate_Flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Delhi_Sultanate_Flag.svg/46px-Delhi_Sultanate_Flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2687" data-file-height="1267" /> <a href="/wiki/Delhi_Sultanate" title="Delhi Sultanate">Delhi Sultanate</a> 1414–1431 <a href="/wiki/Khokhar" title="Khokhar">Khokhars</a> 1431–1432 <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Delhi_Sultanate_Flag.svg/23px-Delhi_Sultanate_Flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Delhi_Sultanate_Flag.svg/35px-Delhi_Sultanate_Flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Delhi_Sultanate_Flag.svg/46px-Delhi_Sultanate_Flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2687" data-file-height="1267" /> <a href="/wiki/Delhi_Sultanate" title="Delhi Sultanate">Delhi Sultanate</a> 1432–1524 <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Alam_of_the_Mughal_Empire.svg/23px-Alam_of_the_Mughal_Empire.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Alam_of_the_Mughal_Empire.svg/35px-Alam_of_the_Mughal_Empire.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Alam_of_the_Mughal_Empire.svg/46px-Alam_of_the_Mughal_Empire.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="640" /> <a href="/wiki/Mughal_Empire" title="Mughal Empire">Mughal Empire</a> 1524–1540 <a href="/wiki/Sur_Empire" title="Sur Empire">Sur Empire</a> 1540–1555 <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Alam_of_the_Mughal_Empire.svg/23px-Alam_of_the_Mughal_Empire.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Alam_of_the_Mughal_Empire.svg/35px-Alam_of_the_Mughal_Empire.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Alam_of_the_Mughal_Empire.svg/46px-Alam_of_the_Mughal_Empire.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="640" /> <a href="/wiki/Mughal_Empire" title="Mughal Empire">Mughal Empire</a> 1555–1739 <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Imperial_Flag_of_Nader_Shah_%281st_Series%29_-_No._2.svg/23px-Imperial_Flag_of_Nader_Shah_%281st_Series%29_-_No._2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Imperial_Flag_of_Nader_Shah_%281st_Series%29_-_No._2.svg/35px-Imperial_Flag_of_Nader_Shah_%281st_Series%29_-_No._2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Imperial_Flag_of_Nader_Shah_%281st_Series%29_-_No._2.svg/46px-Imperial_Flag_of_Nader_Shah_%281st_Series%29_-_No._2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="450" /> <a href="/wiki/Afsharid_Iran" title="Afsharid Iran">Afsharid Empire</a> 1739 <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Fictional_flag_of_the_Mughal_Empire_%283%29.svg/22px-Fictional_flag_of_the_Mughal_Empire_%283%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Fictional_flag_of_the_Mughal_Empire_%283%29.svg/33px-Fictional_flag_of_the_Mughal_Empire_%283%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Fictional_flag_of_the_Mughal_Empire_%283%29.svg/43px-Fictional_flag_of_the_Mughal_Empire_%283%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="575" data-file-height="405" /> <a href="/wiki/Mughal_Empire" title="Mughal Empire">Mughal Empire</a> 1739–1748 <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Durrani_Emirate_Flag.png/23px-Durrani_Emirate_Flag.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Durrani_Emirate_Flag.png/35px-Durrani_Emirate_Flag.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Durrani_Emirate_Flag.png/46px-Durrani_Emirate_Flag.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="171" /> <a href="/wiki/Durrani_Empire" title="Durrani Empire">Durrani Empire</a> 1748–1758 <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Flag_of_the_Maratha_Empire.png/23px-Flag_of_the_Maratha_Empire.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Flag_of_the_Maratha_Empire.png/35px-Flag_of_the_Maratha_Empire.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Flag_of_the_Maratha_Empire.png/46px-Flag_of_the_Maratha_Empire.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="597" /> <a href="/wiki/Maratha_Confederacy" title="Maratha Confederacy">Maratha Empire</a> 1758–1759 <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Durrani_Emirate_Flag.png/23px-Durrani_Emirate_Flag.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Durrani_Emirate_Flag.png/35px-Durrani_Emirate_Flag.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Durrani_Emirate_Flag.png/46px-Durrani_Emirate_Flag.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="171" /> <a href="/wiki/Durrani_Empire" title="Durrani Empire">Durrani Empire</a> 1759–1765 <a href="/wiki/File:Khanda_(Sikh_Symbol).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Khanda_%28Sikh_Symbol%29.svg/20px-Khanda_%28Sikh_Symbol%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Khanda_%28Sikh_Symbol%29.svg/30px-Khanda_%28Sikh_Symbol%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Khanda_%28Sikh_Symbol%29.svg/40px-Khanda_%28Sikh_Symbol%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1659" data-file-height="2048" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Bhangi_Misl" title="Bhangi Misl">Bhangi Misl</a> & <a href="/wiki/Kanhaiya_Misl" title="Kanhaiya Misl">Kanhaiya Misl</a> 1765–1799 <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Flag_of_the_Sikh_Empire.png/23px-Flag_of_the_Sikh_Empire.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Flag_of_the_Sikh_Empire.png/35px-Flag_of_the_Sikh_Empire.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Flag_of_the_Sikh_Empire.png/45px-Flag_of_the_Sikh_Empire.png 2x" data-file-width="1320" data-file-height="880" /> <a href="/wiki/Sikh_Empire" title="Sikh Empire">Sikh Empire</a> 1799–1849 <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_the_British_East_India_Company_%281801%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_British_East_India_Company_%281801%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_the_British_East_India_Company_%281801%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_British_East_India_Company_%281801%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_the_British_East_India_Company_%281801%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_British_East_India_Company_%281801%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/British_East_India_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="British East India Company">British East India Company</a> 1849–1858 <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/British_Raj_Red_Ensign.svg/23px-British_Raj_Red_Ensign.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/British_Raj_Red_Ensign.svg/35px-British_Raj_Red_Ensign.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/British_Raj_Red_Ensign.svg/46px-British_Raj_Red_Ensign.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /><a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">British Raj</a> / <a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British Empire</a> 1858–1947 <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a> 1947– present </blockquote> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_Lahore" title="History of Lahore">History of Lahore</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For a chronological guide, see <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Lahore" title="Timeline of Lahore">Timeline of Lahore</a>.</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Origins">Origins</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lahore&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Origins">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Origins_of_Lahore" title="Origins of Lahore">Origins of Lahore</a></div> No definitive record of Lahore's early history exists, and its ambiguous historical background has given rise to various theories about its establishment and history.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENeville2006xii-50">[48]</a> <a href="/wiki/Alexander_the_Great" title="Alexander the Great">Alexander the Great</a>'s historians make no mention of any city near Lahore's location during his invasion in 326 BCE, suggesting the city had not been founded by that point or was not noteworthy.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELatif1892352-51">[49]</a> <a href="/wiki/Ptolemy" title="Ptolemy">Ptolemy</a> mentions in his <a href="/wiki/Geography_(Ptolemy)" title="Geography (Ptolemy)">Geography</a> a city called Labokla situated near the <a href="/wiki/Chenab" class="mw-redirect" title="Chenab">Chenab</a> and Ravi rivers which may have been in reference to ancient Lahore, or an abandoned predecessor of the city.<a href="#cite_note-52">[50]</a> Chinese pilgrim <a href="/wiki/Xuanzang" title="Xuanzang">Xuanzang</a> gave a vivid description of a large and prosperous unnamed city that may have been Lahore when he <a href="/wiki/Taank_Kingdom" title="Taank Kingdom">visited the region</a> in 630 CE during his tour of India.<a href="#cite_note-bosworth-53">[51]</a> The first document that mentions Lahore by name is the <a href="/wiki/Hudud_al-%27Alam" title="Hudud al-'Alam">Hudud al-'Alam</a> ("The Regions of the World"), written in 982 CE,<a href="#cite_note-54">[52]</a> in which Lahore is mentioned as a town which had "impressive temples, large markets and huge orchards".<a href="#cite_note-antiquity-26">[24]</a>&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWink2002b[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_August_2024]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;-55">[53]</a> Lahore, previously a town, first emerged as a notable city in 11th century during the era of Sufi saint <a href="/wiki/Ali_Hujwiri" class="mw-redirect" title="Ali Hujwiri">Ali al-Hajvery</a>.<a href="#cite_note-56">[54]</a> Few other references to Lahore remain from before its capture by the <a href="/wiki/Ghaznavids" title="Ghaznavids">Ghaznavid</a> Sultan <a href="/wiki/Mahmud_of_Ghazni" title="Mahmud of Ghazni">Mahmud</a> in the 11th century. During this time, Lahore appears to have served as the capital of Punjab under Raja <a href="/wiki/Anandapala" class="mw-redirect" title="Anandapala">Anandapala</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Hindu_Shahi" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindu Shahi">Üdi Shahi</a> empire, who moved his capital there from Waihind.<a href="#cite_note-bosworth-53">[51]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWink2002b235-57">[55]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Medieval_era">Medieval era</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lahore&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Medieval era">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Early_Muslim_period_in_Lahore" title="Early Muslim period in Lahore">Early Muslim period in Lahore</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Ghaznavid">Ghaznavid</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lahore&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Ghaznavid">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Data_Durbar_as_more_then_one_decade_before_by_Usman_Ghani.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Data_Durbar_as_more_then_one_decade_before_by_Usman_Ghani.jpg/220px-Data_Durbar_as_more_then_one_decade_before_by_Usman_Ghani.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Data_Durbar_as_more_then_one_decade_before_by_Usman_Ghani.jpg/330px-Data_Durbar_as_more_then_one_decade_before_by_Usman_Ghani.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Data_Durbar_as_more_then_one_decade_before_by_Usman_Ghani.jpg/440px-Data_Durbar_as_more_then_one_decade_before_by_Usman_Ghani.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1840" data-file-height="1232" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Data_Darbar" title="Data Darbar">Data Darbar</a> shrine, one of Pakistan's most important, was built to commemorate saint <a href="/wiki/Ali_Hujwiri" class="mw-redirect" title="Ali Hujwiri">Ali Hujwiri</a>, who lived in the city during 11th century.</figcaption></figure> Sultan Mahmud conquered Lahore between 1020 and 1027, making it part of Ghaznavid Empire.<a href="#cite_note-bosworth-53">[51]</a> He appointed <a href="/wiki/Malik_Ayaz" title="Malik Ayaz">Malik Ayaz</a> as its governor in 1021. In 1034, the city was captured by Nialtigin, the rebellious governor of <a href="/wiki/Multan" title="Multan">Multan</a>. However, his forces were expelled by Malik Ayaz in 1036.<a href="#cite_note-dsal.uchicago.edu-58">[56]</a> With the support of Sultan <a href="/wiki/Ibrahim_of_Ghazna" title="Ibrahim of Ghazna">Ibrahim</a>, Malik Ayaz rebuilt and repopulated the city, which had been devastated after the Ghaznavid invasion. He also erected city walls and a masonry fort was built in 1037–1040 on the ruins of a previous one.<a href="#cite_note-Petersen1996-59">[57]</a> A confederation of Hindu princes unsuccessfully laid siege to Lahore in 1043–44 during Ayaz's rule.<a href="#cite_note-bosworth-53">[51]</a> The city became a cultural and academic centre, renowned for <a href="/wiki/Poetry" title="Poetry">poetry</a>.<a href="#cite_note-60">[58]</a><a href="#cite_note-WescoatWolschke-Bulmahn1996-61">[59]</a> Lahore was formally made the eastern capital of Ghaznavid Empire during the reign of <a href="/wiki/Khusrau_Shah" title="Khusrau Shah">Khusrau Shah</a> in 1152.&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGlover2008[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_August_2024]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;-28">[26]</a><a href="#cite_note-62">[60]</a> After the fall of Ghazni in 1163, It became the sole capital.<a href="#cite_note-63">[61]</a> Under their patronage, poets and scholars from other cities of Ghaznavid Empire congregated in Lahore.<a href="#cite_note-Ikram-64">[62]</a> The entire city of Lahore during the medieval Ghaznavid era was probably located west of the modern <a href="/wiki/Shah_Alami" title="Shah Alami">Shah Alami Bazaar</a> and north of the <a href="/wiki/Bhatti_Gate" class="mw-redirect" title="Bhatti Gate">Bhatti Gate</a>.&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;_28-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGlover2008[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_August_2024]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;-28">[26]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Mamluk">Mamluk</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lahore&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Mamluk">edit</a>]</div> Following the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Lahore_(1186)" title="Siege of Lahore (1186)">Siege of Lahore</a> in 1186, the <a href="/wiki/Ghurid" class="mw-redirect" title="Ghurid">Ghurid</a> ruler <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_of_Ghor" title="Muhammad of Ghor">Muhammad</a> captured the city and imprisoned the last Ghaznavid ruler Khusrau Malik,<a href="#cite_note-bosworth-53">[51]</a> thus ending Ghaznavid rule over Lahore. Lahore was made an important establishment of the <a href="/wiki/Mamluk_dynasty_(Delhi)" title="Mamluk dynasty (Delhi)">Mamluk dynasty</a> of the Delhi Sultanate following the assassination of Muhammad of Ghor in 1206. Under the reign of Mamluk sultan <a href="/wiki/Qutb_ud-Din_Aibak" title="Qutb ud-Din Aibak">Qutb ud-Din Aibak</a>, Lahore attracted poets and scholars from medieval <a href="/wiki/Muslim_World" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim World">Muslim World</a>. Lahore at this time had more poets writing in Persian than any other city.<a href="#cite_note-65">[63]</a><a href="#cite_note-66">[64]</a> Following the death of Aibak, Lahore first came under the control of the Governor of Multan, <a href="/wiki/Nasir_ad-Din_Qabacha" title="Nasir ad-Din Qabacha">Nasir ad-Din Qabacha</a>, and then was briefly captured in 1217 by the sultan in Delhi, <a href="/wiki/Iltutmish" title="Iltutmish">Iltutmish</a>.<a href="#cite_note-bosworth-53">[51]</a> In an alliance with local <a href="/wiki/Khokhar" title="Khokhar">Khokhars</a> in 1223, <a href="/wiki/Khwarazmian_Empire" title="Khwarazmian Empire">Khwarazmian</a> sultan <a href="/wiki/Jalal_al-Din_Mangburni" title="Jalal al-Din Mangburni">Jalal al-Din Mangburni</a> captured Lahore after fleeing from <a href="/wiki/Genghis_Khan" title="Genghis Khan">Genghis Khan</a>'s invasion of his realm.<a href="#cite_note-bosworth-53">[51]</a> Mangburni then fled from Lahore to the city of <a href="/wiki/Uch_Sharif" class="mw-redirect" title="Uch Sharif">Uch Sharif</a> after Iltutmish's army re-captured Lahore in 1228.<a href="#cite_note-bosworth-53">[51]</a> The threat of Mongol invasions and political instability in Lahore caused future sultans to regard Delhi as a safer capital for the sultanate,<a href="#cite_note-jackson-67">[65]</a> even though Delhi was considered a forward base whereas Lahore was widely considered as the centre of Islamic culture in northeastern Punjab.<a href="#cite_note-jackson-67">[65]</a> Lahore came under progressively weaker central rule under Iltutmish's descendants in Delhi, to the point that governors in the city acted with great autonomy.<a href="#cite_note-bosworth-53">[51]</a> Under the rule of Kabir Khan Ayaz, Lahore was virtually independent from the Delhi Sultanate. Actual Sultanate rule on Lahore lasted only a few decades until the locals reclaimed their autonomy.<a href="#cite_note-bosworth-53">[51]</a> Lahore was sacked and ruined by the Mongol army in 1241.<a href="#cite_note-68">[66]</a> Lahore governor Malik Ikhtyaruddin Qaraqash fled the Mongols,<a href="#cite_note-69">[67]</a> while the Mongols held the city for a few years under the rule of the Mongol chief <a href="/wiki/Toghrul" title="Toghrul">Toghrul</a>.<a href="#cite_note-jackson-67">[65]</a> In 1266, sultan <a href="/wiki/Ghiyas_ud_din_Balban" class="mw-redirect" title="Ghiyas ud din Balban">Balban</a> reconquered Lahore, but in 1287 under the Mongol ruler <a href="/wiki/Tem%C3%BCr_Khan" title="Temür Khan">Temür Khan</a>,<a href="#cite_note-jackson-67">[65]</a> the Mongols again overran northern Punjab. Because of Mongol invasions, Lahore region became a city on a frontier, with the region's administrative centre shifted south to <a href="/wiki/Dipalpur" title="Dipalpur">Dipalpur</a>.<a href="#cite_note-bosworth-53">[51]</a> The Mongols again invaded northern Punjab <a href="/wiki/Mongol_invasion_of_India,_1297-98" class="mw-redirect" title="Mongol invasion of India, 1297-98">in 1298</a>, though their advance was eventually stopped by <a href="/wiki/Ulugh_Khan" title="Ulugh Khan">Ulugh Khan</a>, brother of Sultan <a href="/wiki/Alauddin_Khalji" title="Alauddin Khalji">Alauddin Khalji</a> of Delhi.<a href="#cite_note-jackson-67">[65]</a> The Mongols again attacked Lahore in 1305.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENeville2006xiii-70">[68]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Tughluq">Tughluq</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lahore&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Tughluq">edit</a>]</div> Lahore briefly flourished again under the reign of <a href="/wiki/Ghiyath_al-Din_Tughlaq" class="mw-redirect" title="Ghiyath al-Din Tughlaq">Ghiyath al-Din Tughlaq</a> (Ghazi Malik) of the <a href="/wiki/Tughluq_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Tughluq dynasty">Tughluq dynasty</a> between 1320 and 1325, though the city was again sacked in 1329 by <a href="/wiki/Tarmashirin" title="Tarmashirin">Tarmashirin</a> of the Central Asian <a href="/wiki/Chagatai_Khanate" title="Chagatai Khanate">Chagatai Khanate</a>, and then again by the Mongol chief Hülechü.<a href="#cite_note-bosworth-53">[51]</a> Khokhars seized Lahore in 1342,<a href="#cite_note-71">[69]</a> but the city was retaken by Ghazi Malik's son, <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_bin_Tughluq" title="Muhammad bin Tughluq">Muhammad bin Tughluq</a>.<a href="#cite_note-bosworth-53">[51]</a> The weakened city then fell into obscurity and was captured once more by the Khokhar chief, <a href="/wiki/Shaikha_Khokhar" title="Shaikha Khokhar">Shaikha</a> in 1394.<a href="#cite_note-dsal.uchicago.edu-58">[56]</a> By the time the Mongol conqueror <a href="/wiki/Timur" title="Timur">Timur</a> captured the city in 1398 from Shaikha, he did not loot it because it was no longer wealthy.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENeville2006xii-50">[48]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Late_Sultanates">Late Sultanates</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lahore&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Late Sultanates">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Neevin_Masjid_3_(WCLA).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Neevin_Masjid_3_%28WCLA%29.jpg/220px-Neevin_Masjid_3_%28WCLA%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Neevin_Masjid_3_%28WCLA%29.jpg/330px-Neevin_Masjid_3_%28WCLA%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Neevin_Masjid_3_%28WCLA%29.jpg/440px-Neevin_Masjid_3_%28WCLA%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="427" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Neevin_Mosque" title="Neevin Mosque">Neevin Mosque</a> is one of Lahore's few remaining medieval era buildings.</figcaption></figure> Timur gave control of the Lahore region to <a href="/wiki/Khizr_Khan" title="Khizr Khan">Khizr Khan</a>, governor of Multan, who later established the <a href="/wiki/Sayyid_dynasty" title="Sayyid dynasty">Sayyid dynasty</a> in 1414 – the fourth dynasty of the Delhi Sultanate.<a href="#cite_note-Ahmed-72">[70]</a> The city was twice besieged by <a href="/wiki/Jasrat" title="Jasrat">Jasrat</a>, ruler of <a href="/wiki/Sialkot" title="Sialkot">Sialkot</a>, during the reign of <a href="/wiki/Mubarak_Shah_(Sayyid_dynasty)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mubarak Shah (Sayyid dynasty)">Mubarak Shah</a>, the longest of which being in 1431–32.<a href="#cite_note-jackson-67">[65]</a> To combat Jasrat, the city was granted by the Sayyid dynasty to <a href="/wiki/Bahlul_Lodi" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahlul Lodi">Bahlul Lodi</a> in 1441, though Lodi would then displace the Sayyids in 1451 by establishing himself upon the throne of Delhi.<a href="#cite_note-bosworth-53">[51]</a> Bahlul Lodi installed his cousin, Tatar Khan, to be governor of the city, though Tatar Khan died in battle with <a href="/wiki/Sikandar_Lodi" class="mw-redirect" title="Sikandar Lodi">Sikandar Lodi</a> in 1485.<a href="#cite_note-dhillon-73">[71]</a> Governorship of Lahore was transferred by Sikandar Lodi to Umar Khan Sarwani, who quickly left the management of this city to his son Said Khan Sarwani. Said Khan was removed from power in 1500 by Sikandar Lodi, and Lahore came under the governorship of <a href="/wiki/Daulat_Khan_Lodi" title="Daulat Khan Lodi">Daulat Khan Lodi</a>, son of Tatar Khan and former employer of <a href="/wiki/Guru_Nanak" title="Guru Nanak">Guru Nanak</a> (the founder of <a href="/wiki/Sikhism" title="Sikhism">Sikhism</a>).<a href="#cite_note-dhillon-73">[71]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mughals">Mughals</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lahore&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Mughals">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Subah_of_Lahore" title="Subah of Lahore">Subah of Lahore</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mughal_period_in_Lahore" title="Mughal period in Lahore">Mughal period in Lahore</a></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 202px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 200px;"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Badshahi_in_all_its_glory_during_the_Eid_Prayers.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Badshahi Mosque"><img alt="Badshahi Mosque" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/The_Badshahi_in_all_its_glory_during_the_Eid_Prayers.JPG/300px-The_Badshahi_in_all_its_glory_during_the_Eid_Prayers.JPG" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/The_Badshahi_in_all_its_glory_during_the_Eid_Prayers.JPG/451px-The_Badshahi_in_all_its_glory_during_the_Eid_Prayers.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/The_Badshahi_in_all_its_glory_during_the_Eid_Prayers.JPG/600px-The_Badshahi_in_all_its_glory_during_the_Eid_Prayers.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Badshahi_Mosque" title="Badshahi Mosque">Badshahi Mosque</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 269.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 267.33333333333px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Naulakha_Pavilion_in_Lahore_Fort.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Lahore Fort"><img alt="Lahore Fort" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Naulakha_Pavilion_in_Lahore_Fort.jpg/401px-Naulakha_Pavilion_in_Lahore_Fort.jpg" decoding="async" width="268" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Naulakha_Pavilion_in_Lahore_Fort.jpg/602px-Naulakha_Pavilion_in_Lahore_Fort.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Naulakha_Pavilion_in_Lahore_Fort.jpg/801px-Naulakha_Pavilion_in_Lahore_Fort.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4036" data-file-height="2268" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Lahore_Fort" title="Lahore Fort">Lahore Fort</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 282.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 280.66666666667px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Tomb_of_Emperor_Jahangir.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Tomb of Jahangir"><img alt="Tomb of Jahangir" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Tomb_of_Emperor_Jahangir.jpg/421px-Tomb_of_Emperor_Jahangir.jpg" decoding="async" width="281" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Tomb_of_Emperor_Jahangir.jpg/632px-Tomb_of_Emperor_Jahangir.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Tomb_of_Emperor_Jahangir.jpg/842px-Tomb_of_Emperor_Jahangir.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5398" data-file-height="2887" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Tomb_of_Jahangir" title="Tomb of Jahangir">Tomb of Jahangir</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 188px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 186px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Wazir_Khan%27s_hammams_(4).JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Shahi Hammam"><img alt="Shahi Hammam" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Wazir_Khan%27s_hammams_%284%29.JPG/279px-Wazir_Khan%27s_hammams_%284%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="186" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Wazir_Khan%27s_hammams_%284%29.JPG/420px-Wazir_Khan%27s_hammams_%284%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Wazir_Khan%27s_hammams_%284%29.JPG/559px-Wazir_Khan%27s_hammams_%284%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3524" data-file-height="2839" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Shahi_Hammam" title="Shahi Hammam">Shahi Hammam</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 174.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 172.66666666667px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Tomb_of_Khan-e-Jahan_Bahadur_Kokaltash_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Tomb of Khan-e-Jahan Bahadur Kokaltash"><img alt="Tomb of Khan-e-Jahan Bahadur Kokaltash" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Tomb_of_Khan-e-Jahan_Bahadur_Kokaltash_01.jpg/259px-Tomb_of_Khan-e-Jahan_Bahadur_Kokaltash_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="173" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Tomb_of_Khan-e-Jahan_Bahadur_Kokaltash_01.jpg/388px-Tomb_of_Khan-e-Jahan_Bahadur_Kokaltash_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Tomb_of_Khan-e-Jahan_Bahadur_Kokaltash_01.jpg/517px-Tomb_of_Khan-e-Jahan_Bahadur_Kokaltash_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4135" data-file-height="3600" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Tomb_of_Khan-e-Jahan_Bahadur_Kokaltash" title="Tomb of Khan-e-Jahan Bahadur Kokaltash">Tomb of Khan-e-Jahan Bahadur Kokaltash</a></div> </li> </ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Grave_of_Nur_Jahan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Grave_of_Nur_Jahan.jpg/220px-Grave_of_Nur_Jahan.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Grave_of_Nur_Jahan.jpg/330px-Grave_of_Nur_Jahan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Grave_of_Nur_Jahan.jpg/440px-Grave_of_Nur_Jahan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4928" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>Grave of Nur Jahan</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Revised_photo_Interior_of_Wazir_Khan_Mosque.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Revised_photo_Interior_of_Wazir_Khan_Mosque.jpg/170px-Revised_photo_Interior_of_Wazir_Khan_Mosque.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Revised_photo_Interior_of_Wazir_Khan_Mosque.jpg/255px-Revised_photo_Interior_of_Wazir_Khan_Mosque.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Revised_photo_Interior_of_Wazir_Khan_Mosque.jpg/340px-Revised_photo_Interior_of_Wazir_Khan_Mosque.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3951" data-file-height="5926" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Wazir_Khan_Mosque" title="Wazir Khan Mosque">Wazir Khan Mosque</a> in Lahore is considered to be the most ornately decorated Mughal-era mosque.<a href="#cite_note-Masson-74">[72]</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Interior_of_Mariyam_Zamani_Begum_Mosque.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Interior_of_Mariyam_Zamani_Begum_Mosque.jpg/170px-Interior_of_Mariyam_Zamani_Begum_Mosque.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Interior_of_Mariyam_Zamani_Begum_Mosque.jpg/255px-Interior_of_Mariyam_Zamani_Begum_Mosque.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Interior_of_Mariyam_Zamani_Begum_Mosque.jpg/340px-Interior_of_Mariyam_Zamani_Begum_Mosque.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3933" data-file-height="5899" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Begum_Shahi_Mosque" title="Begum Shahi Mosque">Begum Shahi Mosque</a> was completed in 1614 in honour of <a href="/wiki/Jahangir" title="Jahangir">Jahangir</a>'s mother, <a href="/wiki/Mariam-uz-Zamani" title="Mariam-uz-Zamani">Mariam-uz-Zamani</a>.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Early_Mughal">Early Mughal</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lahore&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Early Mughal">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/Babur" title="Babur">Babur</a>, the founder of the <a href="/wiki/Mughal_Empire" title="Mughal Empire">Mughal Empire</a>, captured and sacked Lahore and Dipalpur, although he retreated after the Lodi nobles backed away from assisting him.<a href="#cite_note-bosworth-53">[51]</a><a href="#cite_note-75">[73]</a> The city became a refuge to <a href="/wiki/Humayun" title="Humayun">Humayun</a> and his cousin <a href="/wiki/Kamran_Mirza" title="Kamran Mirza">Kamran Mirza</a> when <a href="/wiki/Sher_Shah_Suri" title="Sher Shah Suri">Sher Shah Suri</a> rose in power in the Gangetic plains, displacing Mughals. Sher Shah Suri seized Lahore in 1540, though Humayun reconquered Lahore in February 1555.<a href="#cite_note-bosworth-53">[51]</a> The establishment of Mughal rule eventually led to the most prosperous era of Lahore's history.<a href="#cite_note-bosworth-53">[51]</a> Lahore's prosperity and central position has yielded more Mughal-era monuments in Lahore than either <a href="/wiki/Delhi" title="Delhi">Delhi</a> or <a href="/wiki/Agra" title="Agra">Agra</a>.<a href="#cite_note-mughaleconomist-76">[74]</a> By the time of the rule of the Mughal empire's greatest emperors, a majority of Lahore's residents did not live within the walled city itself but instead lived in suburbs that had spread outside the city's walls.&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;_28-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGlover2008[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_August_2024]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;-28">[26]</a> Only 9 of the 36 urban quarters around Lahore, known as guzars, were located within the city walls during the <a href="/wiki/Akbar" title="Akbar">Akbar</a> period.&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;_28-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGlover2008[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_August_2024]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;-28">[26]</a> During this period, Lahore was closely tied to smaller market towns known as qasbahs, such as <a href="/wiki/Kasur" title="Kasur">Kasur</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eminabad" title="Eminabad">Eminabad</a>, as well as <a href="/wiki/Amritsar" title="Amritsar">Amritsar</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Batala" title="Batala">Batala</a> in modern-day India, which in turn, linked to supply chains in villages surrounding each qasbah.&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;_28-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGlover2008[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_August_2024]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;-28">[26]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Akbar">Akbar</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lahore&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Akbar">edit</a>]</div> Beginning in 1584, Lahore became the Mughal capital when Akbar began re-fortifying the city's ruined citadel, laying the foundations for the revival of the <a href="/wiki/Lahore_Fort" title="Lahore Fort">Lahore Fort</a>.&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;_28-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGlover2008[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_August_2024]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;-28">[26]</a> Akbar made Lahore one of his original twelve <a href="/wiki/Subah" title="Subah">subah</a> provinces,&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;_28-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGlover2008[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_August_2024]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;-28">[26]</a> and in 1585–86, relegated governorship of the city and subah to <a href="/wiki/Bhagwant_Das" title="Bhagwant Das">Bhagwant Das</a>, brother of <a href="/wiki/Mariam-uz-Zamani" title="Mariam-uz-Zamani">Mariam-uz-Zamani</a>, who was commonly known as "Jodhabhai".<a href="#cite_note-Chandra-77">[75]</a> Akbar also rebuilt the city's walls and extended their perimeter east of the Shah Alami bazaar to encompass the sparsely populated area of Rarra Maidan.&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;_28-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGlover2008[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_August_2024]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;-28">[26]</a> The Akbari Mandi <a href="/wiki/Grain_trade" title="Grain trade">grain market</a> was set up during this era, which continues to function to the present-day.&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;_28-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGlover2008[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_August_2024]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;-28">[26]</a> Akbar also established the <a href="/wiki/Dharampura" title="Dharampura">Dharampura</a> neighbourhood in the early 1580s, which survives today.<a href="#cite_note-78">[76]</a> The earliest of Lahore's many <a href="/wiki/Haveli" title="Haveli">havelis</a> date from the Akbari era.&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;_28-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGlover2008[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_August_2024]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;-28">[26]</a> Lahore's Mughal monuments were built under the reign of Akbar and several subsequent emperors.&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;_28-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGlover2008[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_August_2024]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;-28">[26]</a> Lahore reached its cultural zenith during this period, with dozens of mosques, tombs, shrines, and urban infrastructure developed in the city. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Jahangir">Jahangir</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lahore&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Jahangir">edit</a>]</div> During the reign of Emperor <a href="/wiki/Jahangir" title="Jahangir">Jahangir</a> in the early 17th century, Lahore's bazaars were noted to be vibrant, frequented by foreigners, and stocked with a wide array of goods.&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;_28-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGlover2008[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_August_2024]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;-28">[26]</a> In 1606, Jehangir's rebel son <a href="/wiki/Khusrau_Mirza" title="Khusrau Mirza">Khusrau Mirza</a> laid siege to Lahore after obtaining the blessings of the Sikh <a href="/wiki/Guru_Arjan_Dev" class="mw-redirect" title="Guru Arjan Dev">Guru Arjan Dev</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Holt-79">[77]</a> Jehangir quickly defeated his son at Bhairowal, and the roots of Mughal–Sikh animosity grew.<a href="#cite_note-Holt-79">[77]</a> Sikh Guru Arjan Dev was executed in Lahore in 1606 for his involvement in the rebellion.<a href="#cite_note-80">[78]</a> Emperor Jahangir chose to be buried in Lahore, and <a href="/wiki/Tomb_of_Jahangir" title="Tomb of Jahangir">his tomb</a> was built in Lahore's <a href="/wiki/Shahdara_Bagh" title="Shahdara Bagh">Shahdara Bagh</a> suburb in 1637 by his wife <a href="/wiki/Nur_Jahan" title="Nur Jahan">Nur Jahan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tomb_of_Nur_Jahan" title="Tomb of Nur Jahan">whose tomb</a> is also nearby. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Shah_Jahan">Shah Jahan</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lahore&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Shah Jahan">edit</a>]</div> Jahangir's son, <a href="/wiki/Shah_Jahan" title="Shah Jahan">Shah Jahan</a> (reigned 1628–1658), was born in Lahore in 1592. He renovated large portions of the <a href="/wiki/Lahore_Fort" title="Lahore Fort">Lahore Fort</a> with luxurious white marble and erected the iconic <a href="/wiki/Naulakha_Pavilion" title="Naulakha Pavilion">Naulakha Pavilion</a> in 1633.<a href="#cite_note-UNESCO-81">[79]</a> Shah Jahan lavished Lahore with some of its most celebrated and iconic monuments, such as the <a href="/wiki/Shahi_Hammam" title="Shahi Hammam">Shahi Hammam</a> in 1635, and both the <a href="/wiki/Shalimar_Gardens,_Lahore" title="Shalimar Gardens, Lahore">Shalimar Gardens</a> and the extravagantly decorated <a href="/wiki/Wazir_Khan_Mosque" title="Wazir Khan Mosque">Wazir Khan Mosque</a> in 1641. The population of pre-modern Lahore probably reached its zenith during his reign, with suburban districts home to perhaps 6 times as many compared to within the <a href="/wiki/Walled_City_of_Lahore" title="Walled City of Lahore">Walled City</a>.&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;_28-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGlover2008[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_August_2024]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;-28">[26]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Aurangzeb">Aurangzeb</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lahore&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Aurangzeb">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fort_of_Lahore.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Fort_of_Lahore.jpg/220px-Fort_of_Lahore.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Fort_of_Lahore.jpg/330px-Fort_of_Lahore.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Fort_of_Lahore.jpg/440px-Fort_of_Lahore.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1579" data-file-height="1100" /></a><figcaption>The iconic Alamgiri Gate of the Lahore Fort was built in 1674 and faces Aurangzeb's Badshahi Mosque.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wazir_Khan_Mosque_William_Carpenter_1866.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Wazir_Khan_Mosque_William_Carpenter_1866.jpg/220px-Wazir_Khan_Mosque_William_Carpenter_1866.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Wazir_Khan_Mosque_William_Carpenter_1866.jpg/330px-Wazir_Khan_Mosque_William_Carpenter_1866.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e9/Wazir_Khan_Mosque_William_Carpenter_1866.jpg 2x" data-file-width="428" data-file-height="294" /></a><figcaption>Wazir Khan Mosque painting by <a href="/wiki/William_Carpenter_(painter)" title="William Carpenter (painter)">William Carpenter</a> (1866)</figcaption></figure> Shah Jahan's son, <a href="/wiki/Aurangzeb" title="Aurangzeb">Aurangzeb</a>, last of the great Mughal Emperors, further contributed to the development of Lahore. Aurangzeb built the Alamgiri Bund embankment along the Ravi river in 1662 in order to prevent its shifting course from threatening the city's walls.&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;_28-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGlover2008[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_August_2024]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;-28">[26]</a> The area near the embankment grew into a fashionable locality, with several nearby pleasure gardens laid by Lahore's gentry.&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;_28-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGlover2008[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_August_2024]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;-28">[26]</a> The largest of Lahore's Mughal monuments, the <a href="/wiki/Badshahi_Mosque" title="Badshahi Mosque">Badshahi Mosque</a>, was raised during Aurangzeb's reign in 1673, as well as the iconic Alamgiri Gate of the Lahore fort in 1674.<a href="#cite_note-82">[80]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Late_Mughal">Late Mughal</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lahore&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Late Mughal">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sunehri_masjid_top_view_2.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Sunehri_masjid_top_view_2.JPG/220px-Sunehri_masjid_top_view_2.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Sunehri_masjid_top_view_2.JPG/330px-Sunehri_masjid_top_view_2.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Sunehri_masjid_top_view_2.JPG/440px-Sunehri_masjid_top_view_2.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="2848" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Sunehri_Mosque,_Lahore" title="Sunehri Mosque, Lahore">Sunehri Mosque</a> was built in the walled city in the early 18th century, when the Mughal Empire was in decline.</figcaption></figure> Civil wars regarding succession to the Mughal throne following Aurangzeb's death in 1707 led to weakening control over Lahore from Delhi, and a prolonged period of decline in Lahore.&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;_83-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELatif1892[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_August_2024]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;-83">[81]</a> Mughal preoccupation with the <a href="/wiki/Marathas" class="mw-redirect" title="Marathas">Marathas</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Deccan_Plateau" title="Deccan Plateau">Deccan Plateau</a> eventually resulted in Lahore being governed by a series of governors who pledged nominal allegiance to the ever-weaker Mughal emperors in Delhi.&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;_28-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGlover2008[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_August_2024]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;-28">[26]</a> Mughal Emperor <a href="/wiki/Bahadur_Shah_I" title="Bahadur Shah I">Bahadur Shah I</a> died en route to Lahore as part of a campaign in 1711 to subdue Sikh rebels under the leadership of <a href="/wiki/Banda_Singh_Bahadur" title="Banda Singh Bahadur">Banda Singh Bahadur</a>.<a href="#cite_note-bosworth-53">[51]</a> His sons fought a battle outside Lahore in 1712 for succession to the Mughal crown, with <a href="/wiki/Jahandar_Shah" title="Jahandar Shah">Jahandar</a> winning the throne.<a href="#cite_note-bosworth-53">[51]</a> Sikh rebels were defeated during the reign of <a href="/wiki/Farrukhsiyar" title="Farrukhsiyar">Farrukhsiyar</a> when Abd as-Samad and Zakariyya Khan suppressed them.<a href="#cite_note-bosworth-53">[51]</a> <a href="/wiki/Nader_Shah" title="Nader Shah">Nader Shah</a>'s brief invasion of the Mughal Empire <a href="/wiki/Nader_Shah%27s_invasion_of_the_Mughal_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Nader Shah's invasion of the Mughal Empire">in early 1739</a> wrested control away from <a href="/wiki/Zakariya_Khan_Bahadur" title="Zakariya Khan Bahadur">Zakariya Khan Bahadur</a>. Though Khan was able to win back control after the Persian armies had left,<a href="#cite_note-bosworth-53">[51]</a> the trade routes had shifted away from Lahore, and south towards <a href="/wiki/Kandahar" title="Kandahar">Kandahar</a> instead.&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;_28-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGlover2008[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_August_2024]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;-28">[26]</a> Indus ports near the Arabian Sea that served Lahore also silted up during this time, reducing the city's importance even further.&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;_28-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGlover2008[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_August_2024]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;-28">[26]</a> Struggles between Zakariyya Khan's sons following his death in 1745 further weakened Muslim control over Lahore, thus leaving the city in a power vacuum, and vulnerable to foreign marauders.<a href="#cite_note-84">[82]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Durrani_invasions">Durrani invasions</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lahore&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Durrani invasions">edit</a>]</div> The <a href="/wiki/Durrani_Empire" title="Durrani Empire">Durrani</a> ruler <a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Shah_Durrani" title="Ahmad Shah Durrani">Ahmad Shah</a> occupied Lahore <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lahore_(1748)" title="Battle of Lahore (1748)">in 1748</a>.<a href="#cite_note-bosworth-53">[51]</a> Following Ahmed Shah Durrani's quick retreat, the Mughals entrusted Lahore to Mu’īn al-Mulk <a href="/wiki/Mir_Mannu" class="mw-redirect" title="Mir Mannu">Mir Mannu</a>.<a href="#cite_note-bosworth-53">[51]</a> Ahmad Shah again invaded in 1751, forcing Mir Mannu into signing a treaty that nominally subjected Lahore to Durrani rule.<a href="#cite_note-bosworth-53">[51]</a> Lahore was third time conquered by Ahmad Shah <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lahore_(1752)" title="Battle of Lahore (1752)">in 1752</a>. The Mughal <a href="/wiki/List_of_Mughal_grand_viziers" title="List of Mughal grand viziers">Grand Vizier</a> Ghazi-Din Imad al-Mulk seized Lahore in 1756, provoking Ahmad Shah to invade for fourth time in 1757, after which he placed the city under the rule of his son, <a href="/wiki/Timur_Shah_Durrani" title="Timur Shah Durrani">Timur Shah</a>.<a href="#cite_note-bosworth-53">[51]</a> Durrani rule was interrupted when Lahore was conquered by <a href="/wiki/Adina_Beg" class="mw-redirect" title="Adina Beg">Adina Beg</a> <a href="/wiki/Arain" title="Arain">Arain</a> with the assistance of Marathas in 1758 during their <a href="/wiki/Maratha_conquest_of_North-west_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Maratha conquest of North-west India">campaigns against Afghans</a>.<a href="#cite_note-K.RoyIHB-85">[83]</a> After Adina Beg's untimely death in 1758, however, <a href="/wiki/Marathas" class="mw-redirect" title="Marathas">Marathas</a> temporarily occupied the city. The following year, <a href="/wiki/Durrani_Empire" title="Durrani Empire">Durranis</a> again marched into Lahore and conquered it.<a href="#cite_note-86">[84]</a> After the Durranis withdrew from the city in 1765, <a href="/wiki/Sikh" class="mw-redirect" title="Sikh">Sikh</a> forces quickly occupied it.<a href="#cite_note-bosworth-53">[51]</a> By this time, the city had been ravaged several time and had lost all of its former grandeur. The Durranis invaded two more times—in 1797 and 1798—under <a href="/wiki/Shah_Zaman" class="mw-redirect" title="Shah Zaman">Shah Zaman</a>, but the <a href="/wiki/Sikhs" title="Sikhs">Sikhs</a> re-occupied the city after both invasions as the Durranis were forced to attend to other problems on their western borders.<a href="#cite_note-bosworth-53">[51]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sikh">Sikh</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lahore&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Sikh">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Sikh_period_in_Lahore" title="Sikh period in Lahore">Sikh period in Lahore</a></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 119.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 117.33333333333px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Samadhi_of_Ranjit_Singh_123.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Samadhi of Ranjit Singh"><img alt="Samadhi of Ranjit Singh" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Samadhi_of_Ranjit_Singh_123.jpg/176px-Samadhi_of_Ranjit_Singh_123.jpg" decoding="async" width="118" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Samadhi_of_Ranjit_Singh_123.jpg/265px-Samadhi_of_Ranjit_Singh_123.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Samadhi_of_Ranjit_Singh_123.jpg/353px-Samadhi_of_Ranjit_Singh_123.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2096" data-file-height="2674" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Samadhi_of_Ranjit_Singh" title="Samadhi of Ranjit Singh">Samadhi of Ranjit Singh</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 213.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 211.33333333333px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Samadhi_of_Ranjit_Singh_Golden_Dome.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Gurdwara Dera Sahib"><img alt="Gurdwara Dera Sahib" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Samadhi_of_Ranjit_Singh_Golden_Dome.jpg/317px-Samadhi_of_Ranjit_Singh_Golden_Dome.jpg" decoding="async" width="212" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Samadhi_of_Ranjit_Singh_Golden_Dome.jpg/477px-Samadhi_of_Ranjit_Singh_Golden_Dome.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Samadhi_of_Ranjit_Singh_Golden_Dome.jpg/635px-Samadhi_of_Ranjit_Singh_Golden_Dome.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4331" data-file-height="3072" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Gurdwara_Dera_Sahib" title="Gurdwara Dera Sahib">Gurdwara Dera Sahib</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 114.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 112.66666666667px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Nau_Nihal_Singh%27s_haveli,_now_Victoria_Girls_High_School,_Lahore.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Haveli of Nau Nihal Singh"><img alt="Haveli of Nau Nihal Singh" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Nau_Nihal_Singh%27s_haveli%2C_now_Victoria_Girls_High_School%2C_Lahore.jpg/169px-Nau_Nihal_Singh%27s_haveli%2C_now_Victoria_Girls_High_School%2C_Lahore.jpg" decoding="async" width="113" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Nau_Nihal_Singh%27s_haveli%2C_now_Victoria_Girls_High_School%2C_Lahore.jpg/253px-Nau_Nihal_Singh%27s_haveli%2C_now_Victoria_Girls_High_School%2C_Lahore.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Nau_Nihal_Singh%27s_haveli%2C_now_Victoria_Girls_High_School%2C_Lahore.jpg/337px-Nau_Nihal_Singh%27s_haveli%2C_now_Victoria_Girls_High_School%2C_Lahore.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1512" data-file-height="2016" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Haveli_of_Nau_Nihal_Singh" title="Haveli of Nau Nihal Singh">Haveli of Nau Nihal Singh</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 202px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 200px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Hazuri_Bagh_Baradari_%26_Ground.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Hazuri Bagh"><img alt="Hazuri Bagh" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Hazuri_Bagh_Baradari_%26_Ground.JPG/300px-Hazuri_Bagh_Baradari_%26_Ground.JPG" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Hazuri_Bagh_Baradari_%26_Ground.JPG/451px-Hazuri_Bagh_Baradari_%26_Ground.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Hazuri_Bagh_Baradari_%26_Ground.JPG/600px-Hazuri_Bagh_Baradari_%26_Ground.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Hazuri_Bagh" title="Hazuri Bagh">Hazuri Bagh</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 110.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 108.66666666667px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Gurudwara_Arjun_Ram_(WCLA).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Gurdwara Janam Asthan Guru Ram Das"><img alt="Gurdwara Janam Asthan Guru Ram Das" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Gurudwara_Arjun_Ram_%28WCLA%29.jpg/163px-Gurudwara_Arjun_Ram_%28WCLA%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="109" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Gurudwara_Arjun_Ram_%28WCLA%29.jpg/244px-Gurudwara_Arjun_Ram_%28WCLA%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Gurudwara_Arjun_Ram_%28WCLA%29.jpg/325px-Gurudwara_Arjun_Ram_%28WCLA%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1728" data-file-height="2390" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Gurdwara_Janam_Asthan_Guru_Ram_Das" title="Gurdwara Janam Asthan Guru Ram Das">Gurdwara Janam Asthan Guru Ram Das</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 202px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 200px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Temple_associated_with_Loh.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="The Lava Temple at the Lahore Fort dates from the Sikh period,[85] and is dedicated to the Hindu deity Lava"><img alt="The Lava Temple at the Lahore Fort dates from the Sikh period,[85] and is dedicated to the Hindu deity Lava" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Temple_associated_with_Loh.JPG/300px-Temple_associated_with_Loh.JPG" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Temple_associated_with_Loh.JPG/451px-Temple_associated_with_Loh.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Temple_associated_with_Loh.JPG/600px-Temple_associated_with_Loh.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">The <a href="/wiki/Lava_Temple" title="Lava Temple">Lava Temple</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Lahore_Fort" title="Lahore Fort">Lahore Fort</a> dates from the Sikh period,<a href="#cite_note-87">[85]</a> and is dedicated to the Hindu deity <a href="/wiki/Lava_(Ramayana)" title="Lava (Ramayana)">Lava</a></div> </li> </ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tomb_of_Asif_Khan_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Tomb_of_Asif_Khan_01.jpg/220px-Tomb_of_Asif_Khan_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="168" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Tomb_of_Asif_Khan_01.jpg/330px-Tomb_of_Asif_Khan_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Tomb_of_Asif_Khan_01.jpg/440px-Tomb_of_Asif_Khan_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2748" data-file-height="2097" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Tomb_of_Asif_Khan" title="Tomb of Asif Khan">Tomb of Asif Khan</a> was one of several monuments plundered for its precious building materials during the Sikh period.&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;_83-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELatif1892[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_August_2024]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;-83">[81]</a><a href="#cite_note-GHF-88">[86]</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Early">Early</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lahore&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Early">edit</a>]</div> Expanding Sikh <a href="/wiki/Misl" class="mw-redirect" title="Misl">Misls</a> secured control over Lahore in 1767, when the <a href="/wiki/Bhangi_Misl" title="Bhangi Misl">Bhangi Misl</a> state captured the city.<a href="#cite_note-eos-89">[87]</a> In 1780, the city was divided among three rulers: <a href="/wiki/Gujjar_Singh_Banghi" class="mw-redirect" title="Gujjar Singh Banghi">Gujjar Singh</a>, Lahna Singh, and <a href="/wiki/Suba_Singh" class="mw-redirect" title="Suba Singh">Sobha Singh</a>. Instability resulting from this arrangement allowed nearby <a href="/wiki/Amritsar" title="Amritsar">Amritsar</a> to establish itself as the area's primary commercial centre in place of Lahore.&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;_28-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGlover2008[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_August_2024]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;-28">[26]</a> <a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Shah_Durrani" title="Ahmad Shah Durrani">Ahmad Shah Durrani</a>'s grandson, <a href="/wiki/Zaman_Shah" class="mw-redirect" title="Zaman Shah">Zaman Shah</a>, captured Lahore in 1796, and again in 1798–99.<a href="#cite_note-bosworth-53">[51]</a> <a href="/wiki/Ranjit_Singh" title="Ranjit Singh">Ranjit Singh</a> negotiated with the Afghans for the post of <a href="/wiki/Subahdar" title="Subahdar">subahdar</a> to control Lahore following the second invasion.<a href="#cite_note-bosworth-53">[51]</a> By the end of the 18th century, the city's population drastically declined, with its remaining residents living within the city walls, while the extramural suburbs lay abandoned, forcing travellers to pass through abandoned and ruined suburbs for a few miles before reaching the city's gates.&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;_28-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGlover2008[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_August_2024]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;-28">[26]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Sikh_Empire">Sikh Empire</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lahore&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Sikh Empire">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Badshahi_Mosqu_-_Mughal_Art_in_an_Ocean_of_Concrete.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Badshahi_Mosqu_-_Mughal_Art_in_an_Ocean_of_Concrete.jpg/220px-Badshahi_Mosqu_-_Mughal_Art_in_an_Ocean_of_Concrete.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Badshahi_Mosqu_-_Mughal_Art_in_an_Ocean_of_Concrete.jpg/330px-Badshahi_Mosqu_-_Mughal_Art_in_an_Ocean_of_Concrete.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Badshahi_Mosqu_-_Mughal_Art_in_an_Ocean_of_Concrete.jpg/440px-Badshahi_Mosqu_-_Mughal_Art_in_an_Ocean_of_Concrete.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2396" data-file-height="1739" /></a><figcaption>Lahore's <a href="/wiki/Hazuri_Bagh" title="Hazuri Bagh">Hazuri Bagh</a> is at the centre of an ensemble of Mughal and Sikh era monuments, including the <a href="/wiki/Badshahi_Mosque" title="Badshahi Mosque">Badshahi Mosque</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lahore_Fort" title="Lahore Fort">Lahore Fort</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roshnai_Gate" title="Roshnai Gate">Roshnai Gate</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Samadhi_of_Ranjit_Singh" title="Samadhi of Ranjit Singh">Samadhi of Ranjit Singh</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%27By_@ibneAzhar%27-Hazuri_Bagh-Lahore-Pakistan_(10).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/%27By_%40ibneAzhar%27-Hazuri_Bagh-Lahore-Pakistan_%2810%29.JPG/220px-%27By_%40ibneAzhar%27-Hazuri_Bagh-Lahore-Pakistan_%2810%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/%27By_%40ibneAzhar%27-Hazuri_Bagh-Lahore-Pakistan_%2810%29.JPG/330px-%27By_%40ibneAzhar%27-Hazuri_Bagh-Lahore-Pakistan_%2810%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/%27By_%40ibneAzhar%27-Hazuri_Bagh-Lahore-Pakistan_%2810%29.JPG/440px-%27By_%40ibneAzhar%27-Hazuri_Bagh-Lahore-Pakistan_%2810%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2499" data-file-height="1793" /></a><figcaption>The marble <a href="/wiki/Hazuri_Bagh_Baradari" title="Hazuri Bagh Baradari">Hazuri Bagh Baradari</a> was built in 1818 to celebrate <a href="/wiki/Ranjit_Singh" title="Ranjit Singh">Ranjit Singh</a>'s acquisition of the <a href="/wiki/Koh-i-Noor" title="Koh-i-Noor">Koh-i-Noor</a> diamond.<a href="#cite_note-bansal-90">[88]</a></figcaption></figure> In the aftermath of Zaman Shah's 1799 invasion of Punjab, Ranjit Singh, of nearby <a href="/wiki/Gujranwala" title="Gujranwala">Gujranwala</a>, began to consolidate his position. Singh was able to seize control of the region after a series of battles with the Bhangi chiefs who had seized Lahore in 1780.<a href="#cite_note-bosworth-53">[51]</a><a href="#cite_note-KakshiPathak2007-91">[89]</a> His army marched to Anarkali, where according to legend, the gatekeeper of the <a href="/wiki/Lohari_Gate,_Lahore" title="Lohari Gate, Lahore">Lohari Gate</a>, Mukham Din Chaudhry, opened the gates allowing Ranjit Singh's army to enter Lahore.&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;_83-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELatif1892[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_August_2024]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;-83">[81]</a> After capturing Lahore, Sikh soldiers immediately began plundering Muslim areas of the city until their actions were reined in by Ranjit Singh.<a href="#cite_note-92">[90]</a> Ranjit Singh's rule restored some of Lahore's lost grandeur, but at the expense of destroying the remaining Mughal architecture for building materials.&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;_28-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGlover2008[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_August_2024]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;-28">[26]</a> He established a mint in the city in 1800,&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;_83-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELatif1892[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_August_2024]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;-83">[81]</a> and moved into the Mughal palace at the Lahore fort after repurposing it for his own use in governing the Sikh Empire.<a href="#cite_note-93">[91]</a> In 1801, he established a <a href="/wiki/Gurdwara_Janam_Asthan_Guru_Ram_Das" title="Gurdwara Janam Asthan Guru Ram Das">Gurdwara Ram Das</a> to mark the site where <a href="/wiki/Guru_Ram_Das" title="Guru Ram Das">Guru Ram Das</a> was born in 1534. Lahore became the empire's administrative capital, though the nearby economic centre of Amritsar had also been established as the empire's spiritual capital by 1802.&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;_28-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGlover2008[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_August_2024]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;-28">[26]</a> By 1812, Singh had mostly refurbished the city's defences by adding a second circuit of outer walls surrounding Akbar's original walls, with the two separated by a moat. Singh also partially restored Shah Jahan's decaying <a href="/wiki/Shalimar_Gardens,_Lahore" title="Shalimar Gardens, Lahore">Shalimar Gardens</a><a href="#cite_note-94">[92]</a> and built the <a href="/wiki/Hazuri_Bagh_Baradari" title="Hazuri Bagh Baradari">Hazuri Bagh Baradari</a> in 1818 to celebrate his capture of the <a href="/wiki/Koh-i-Noor" title="Koh-i-Noor">Koh-i-Noor</a> diamond from <a href="/wiki/Shuja_Shah_Durrani" class="mw-redirect" title="Shuja Shah Durrani">Shuja Shah Durrani</a> in 1813.<a href="#cite_note-bansal-90">[88]</a> He erected the <a href="/wiki/Gurdwara_Dera_Sahib" title="Gurdwara Dera Sahib">Gurdwara Dera Sahib</a> to mark the site of <a href="/wiki/Guru_Arjan_Dev" class="mw-redirect" title="Guru Arjan Dev">Guru Arjan Dev</a>'s death (1606). The Sikh royal court also endowed religious architecture in the city, including a number of Sikh <a href="/wiki/Gurdwara" title="Gurdwara">gurdwaras</a>, Hindu temples, and <a href="/wiki/Haveli" title="Haveli">havelis</a>.<a href="#cite_note-95">[93]</a><a href="#cite_note-96">[94]</a> While much of Lahore's Mughal-era fabric lay in ruins by the time of his arrival, Ranjit Singh's rule saw the re-establishment of Lahore's glory, though the Mughal monuments suffered during the Sikh period. Singh's armies plundered most of Lahore's most precious Mughal monuments, and stripped the white marble from several monuments to send to different parts of the Sikh Empire during his reign.&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;_97-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESidhwa2005[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_August_2024]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;-97">[95]</a> Monuments plundered for decorative materials include the Tomb of Asif Khan, the Tomb of Nur Jahan, and the Shalimar Gardens.&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;_83-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELatif1892[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_August_2024]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;-83">[81]</a><a href="#cite_note-Archaeological_Survey_of_India-98">[96]</a> Ranjit Singh's army also desecrated the Badshahi Mosque by converting it into an ammunition depot and a stable for horses.&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;_97-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESidhwa2005[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_August_2024]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;-97">[95]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Sunehri_Masjid,_Lahore" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunehri Masjid, Lahore">Sunehri Mosque</a> in the Walled City was also converted to a gurdwara,<a href="#cite_note-99">[97]</a> while the Mariyam Zamani Mosque was repurposed into a gunpowder factory.<a href="#cite_note-100">[98]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Late">Late</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lahore&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Late">edit</a>]</div> The Sikh royal court (Lahore Durbar) underwent a quick succession of rulers after the death of Ranjit Singh. His son <a href="/wiki/Kharak_Singh" title="Kharak Singh">Kharak Singh</a> died on 6 November 1840, soon after taking the throne. On that same day, the next appointed successor to the throne, <a href="/wiki/Nau_Nihal_Singh" title="Nau Nihal Singh">Nau Nihal Singh</a>, died in an accident at the gardens of Hazuri Bagh.&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;_83-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELatif1892[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_August_2024]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;-83">[81]</a> Maharaja <a href="/wiki/Sher_Singh" title="Sher Singh">Sher Singh</a> was then selected as Maharajah, though his claim to the throne was quickly challenged by <a href="/wiki/Chand_Kaur" title="Chand Kaur">Chand Kaur</a>, widow of Kharak Singh and mother of Nau Nihal Singh, who quickly seized the throne.&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;_83-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELatif1892[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_August_2024]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;-83">[81]</a> Sher Singh raised an army that attacked Chand Kaur's forces in Lahore on 14 January 1841. His soldiers mounted weaponry on the minarets of the Badshahi Mosque in order to target Chand Kaur's forces in the Lahore fort, destroying the fort's historic Diwan-e-Aam.&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;_97-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESidhwa2005[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_August_2024]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;-97">[95]</a> Kaur quickly ceded the throne, but Sher Sing was then assassinated in 1843 in Lahore's Chah Miran neighbourhood along with his wazir Dhiyan Singh.<a href="#cite_note-bansal-90">[88]</a> Dhyan Singh's son, Hira Singh, sought to avenge his father's death by laying siege to Lahore in order to capture his father's assassins. The siege resulted in the capture of his father's murderer, Ajit Singh.&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;_83-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELatif1892[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_August_2024]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;-83">[81]</a> <a href="/wiki/Duleep_Singh" title="Duleep Singh">Duleep Singh</a> was then crowned Maharajah, with Hira Singh as his wazir, but his power would be weakened by the continued infighting among Sikh nobles,&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;_83-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELatif1892[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_August_2024]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;-83">[81]</a> as well as confrontations against the British during the two <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Sikh_War_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Anglo-Sikh War (disambiguation)">Anglo-Sikh wars</a>. After the conclusion of the two Anglo-Sikh wars, the Sikh Empire fell into disarray, resulting in the fall of the Lahore Durbar, and commencement of British rule after they captured Lahore and the wider Punjab region.&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;_83-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELatif1892[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_August_2024]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;-83">[81]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="British_colonial_period">British colonial period</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lahore&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: British colonial period">edit</a>]</div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 102px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 100px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Punjab_university_Art_%26_Design_Dept.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="University of the Punjab"><img alt="University of the Punjab" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Punjab_university_Art_%26_Design_Dept.jpg/150px-Punjab_university_Art_%26_Design_Dept.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Punjab_university_Art_%26_Design_Dept.jpg/226px-Punjab_university_Art_%26_Design_Dept.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Punjab_university_Art_%26_Design_Dept.jpg/301px-Punjab_university_Art_%26_Design_Dept.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="3872" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/University_of_the_Punjab" title="University of the Punjab">University of the Punjab</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 114.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 112.66666666667px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Government_College_University_Tower_in_Lahore.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Government College University"><img alt="Government College University" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Government_College_University_Tower_in_Lahore.jpg/169px-Government_College_University_Tower_in_Lahore.jpg" decoding="async" width="113" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Government_College_University_Tower_in_Lahore.jpg/253px-Government_College_University_Tower_in_Lahore.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Government_College_University_Tower_in_Lahore.jpg/337px-Government_College_University_Tower_in_Lahore.jpg 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="1280" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Government_College_University_(Lahore)" class="mw-redirect" title="Government College University (Lahore)">Government College University</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 224px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Front_View_of_Lahore_Museum.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Lahore Museum"><img alt="Lahore Museum" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Front_View_of_Lahore_Museum.jpg/333px-Front_View_of_Lahore_Museum.jpg" decoding="async" width="222" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Front_View_of_Lahore_Museum.jpg/500px-Front_View_of_Lahore_Museum.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Front_View_of_Lahore_Museum.jpg/666px-Front_View_of_Lahore_Museum.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5499" data-file-height="3719" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Lahore_Museum" title="Lahore Museum">Lahore Museum</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 227.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 225.33333333333px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Lahore_High_Court_Building.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Lahore High Court"><img alt="Lahore High Court" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Lahore_High_Court_Building.jpg/338px-Lahore_High_Court_Building.jpg" decoding="async" width="226" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Lahore_High_Court_Building.jpg/507px-Lahore_High_Court_Building.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Lahore_High_Court_Building.jpg/675px-Lahore_High_Court_Building.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Lahore_High_Court" title="Lahore High Court">Lahore High Court</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 214px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 212px;"><a href="/wiki/File:King_Edward_Medical_University.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="King Edward Medical University"><img alt="King Edward Medical University" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/King_Edward_Medical_University.jpg/318px-King_Edward_Medical_University.jpg" decoding="async" width="212" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/King_Edward_Medical_University.jpg/478px-King_Edward_Medical_University.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/King_Edward_Medical_University.jpg/636px-King_Edward_Medical_University.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3344" data-file-height="2368" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/King_Edward_Medical_University" title="King Edward Medical University">King Edward Medical University</a></div> </li> </ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lahore_(Baedeker,_1914).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Lahore_%28Baedeker%2C_1914%29.jpg/170px-Lahore_%28Baedeker%2C_1914%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="204" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Lahore_%28Baedeker%2C_1914%29.jpg/255px-Lahore_%28Baedeker%2C_1914%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Lahore_%28Baedeker%2C_1914%29.jpg/340px-Lahore_%28Baedeker%2C_1914%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="940" data-file-height="1128" /></a><figcaption>Map of the Old City and environs.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Street_scene_of_Lahore,_1890s.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Street_scene_of_Lahore%2C_1890s.jpg/170px-Street_scene_of_Lahore%2C_1890s.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="237" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Street_scene_of_Lahore%2C_1890s.jpg/255px-Street_scene_of_Lahore%2C_1890s.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Street_scene_of_Lahore%2C_1890s.jpg/340px-Street_scene_of_Lahore%2C_1890s.jpg 2x" data-file-width="579" data-file-height="807" /></a><figcaption>The Shah Alami area of Lahore's Walled City in 1890</figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/British_East_India_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="British East India Company">British East India Company</a> seized control of Lahore in February 1846 from the collapsing Sikh state and occupied the rest of Punjab in 1848.&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;_28-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGlover2008[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_August_2024]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;-28">[26]</a> Following the defeat of the Sikhs at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Gujrat" title="Battle of Gujrat">Battle of Gujrat</a>, British troops formally deposed Maharaja Duleep Singh in Lahore that same year.&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;_28-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGlover2008[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_August_2024]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;-28">[26]</a> Punjab was then annexed to the British Indian Empire in 1849.&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;_28-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGlover2008[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_August_2024]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;-28">[26]</a> At the commencement of British rule, Lahore was estimated to have a <a href="/wiki/Population" title="Population">population</a> of 120,000.<a href="#cite_note-Univ_Of_Minnesota_Press-101">[99]</a> Prior to annexation by the British, Lahore's environs consisted mostly of the <a href="/wiki/Walled_City_of_Lahore" title="Walled City of Lahore">Walled City</a> surrounded by plains interrupted by settlements to the south and east, such as <a href="/wiki/Mozang_Chungi" title="Mozang Chungi">Mozang</a> and <a href="/wiki/Qila_Gujar_Singh" title="Qila Gujar Singh">Qila Gujar Singh</a>, which have since been engulfed by modern Lahore. The plains between the settlements also contained the remains of Mughal gardens, tombs, and Sikh-era military structures.<a href="#cite_note-102">[100]</a> The British viewed Lahore's Walled City as a bed of potential social discontent and disease epidemics, and so largely left the inner city alone, while focusing development efforts in Lahore's suburban areas and Punjab's fertile countryside.<a href="#cite_note-103">[101]</a> The British instead laid out their capital city in an area south of the Walled City that would first come to be known as "Donald's Town" before being renamed "Civil Station".&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;_28-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGlover2008[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_August_2024]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;-28">[26]</a> Under early British rule, formerly prominent Mughal-era monuments that were scattered throughout Civil Station were also re-purposed and sometimes desecrated – including the <a href="/wiki/Tomb_of_Anarkali" title="Tomb of Anarkali">Tomb of Anarkali</a>, which the British had initially converted to clerical offices before re-purposing it as an <a href="/wiki/Anglican" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglican">Anglican</a> church in 1851.<a href="#cite_note-104">[102]</a> The 17th-century <a href="/wiki/Dai_Anga_Mosque" title="Dai Anga Mosque">Dai Anga Mosque</a> was converted into railway administration offices during this time, the tomb of Nawab Bahadur Khan was converted into a storehouse, and the tomb of Mir Mannu was used as a wine shop.<a href="#cite_note-105">[103]</a> The British also used older structures to house municipal offices, such as the Civil Secretariat, Public Works Department, and Accountant General's Office.<a href="#cite_note-106">[104]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lahore_Railway_Station_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lahore_Railway_Station_01.jpg/220px-Lahore_Railway_Station_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lahore_Railway_Station_01.jpg/330px-Lahore_Railway_Station_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lahore_Railway_Station_01.jpg/440px-Lahore_Railway_Station_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="2848" /></a><figcaption>Constructed in the aftermath of the 1857 <a href="/wiki/Sepoy_Mutiny" class="mw-redirect" title="Sepoy Mutiny">Sepoy Mutiny</a>, the design of the <a href="/wiki/Lahore_Junction_railway_station" title="Lahore Junction railway station">Lahore Railway Station</a> was highly militarised to defend the structure from further uprisings against British rule.</figcaption></figure> The British built the <a href="/wiki/Lahore_Junction_railway_station" title="Lahore Junction railway station">Lahore Railway Station</a> just outside the Walled City shortly after the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Rebellion_of_1857" title="Indian Rebellion of 1857">Sepoy Mutiny of 1857</a>; the station was therefore styled as a medieval castle to ward off any potential future uprisings, with thick walls, turrets, and holes to direct gun and cannon fire for the defence of the structure.<a href="#cite_note-107">[105]</a> Lahore's most prominent government institutions and commercial enterprises came to be concentrated in Civil Station in a half-mile wide area flanking <a href="/wiki/The_Mall,_Lahore" title="The Mall, Lahore">The Mall</a>, where unlike in Lahore's military zone, the British and locals were allowed to mix.<a href="#cite_note-Mall_Road-108">[106]</a> The Mall continues to serve as the epicentre of Lahore's civil administration, as well as one of its most fashionable commercial areas. The British also laid the spacious <a href="/wiki/Lahore_Cantonment" title="Lahore Cantonment">Lahore Cantonment</a> to the southeast of the Walled City at the former village of Mian Mir, where unlike around The Mall, laws did exist against the mixing of different races. Lahore was visited on 9 February 1870 by <a href="/wiki/Prince_Alfred,_Duke_of_Edinburgh" class="mw-redirect" title="Prince Alfred, Duke of Edinburgh">Prince Alfred</a>, <a href="/wiki/Duke_of_Edinburgh" title="Duke of Edinburgh">Duke of Edinburgh</a> – a visit in which he received delegations from the <a href="/wiki/Dogra_dynasty" title="Dogra dynasty">Dogras</a> of <a href="/wiki/Jammu" title="Jammu">Jammu</a>, Maharajas of <a href="/wiki/Patiala" title="Patiala">Patiala</a>, the Nawab of <a href="/wiki/Bahawalpur" title="Bahawalpur">Bahawalpur</a>, and other rulers from various Punjabi states.<a href="#cite_note-:0-109">[107]</a> During the visit, he visited several of Lahore's major sights.<a href="#cite_note-:0-109">[107]</a> British authorities built several important structures around the time of the <a href="/wiki/Golden_Jubilee_of_Queen_Victoria" title="Golden Jubilee of Queen Victoria">Golden Jubilee of Queen Victoria</a> (1887) in the distinctive <a href="/wiki/Indo-Saracenic_Revival_architecture" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-Saracenic Revival architecture">Indo-Saracenic style</a>, including the <a href="/wiki/Lahore_Museum" title="Lahore Museum">Lahore Museum</a> and <a href="/wiki/National_College_of_Arts" title="National College of Arts">Mayo School of Industrial Arts</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Making_Lahore_Modern_1894-110">[108]</a> The British carried out a census of Lahore in 1901, and counted 20,691 houses in the Walled City.<a href="#cite_note-111">[109]</a> An estimated 200,000 people lived in Lahore at this time.<a href="#cite_note-Univ_Of_Minnesota_Press-101">[99]</a> Lahore's posh <a href="/wiki/Model_Town,_Lahore" title="Model Town, Lahore">Model Town</a> was established as a "garden town" suburb in 1921, while <a href="/wiki/Krishan_Nagar" title="Krishan Nagar">Krishan Nagar</a> locality was laid in the 1930s near The Mall and Walled City. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bawa_Dingha_Singh_building,_Lahore.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Bawa_Dingha_Singh_building%2C_Lahore.jpg/170px-Bawa_Dingha_Singh_building%2C_Lahore.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="229" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Bawa_Dingha_Singh_building%2C_Lahore.jpg/255px-Bawa_Dingha_Singh_building%2C_Lahore.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Bawa_Dingha_Singh_building%2C_Lahore.jpg/340px-Bawa_Dingha_Singh_building%2C_Lahore.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1776" data-file-height="2395" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/The_Mall,_Lahore" title="The Mall, Lahore">The Mall</a>, Lahore's pre-independence commercial core, features many examples of colonial architecture.</figcaption></figure> Lahore played an important role in the independence movements of both India<a href="#cite_note-Mall_Road-108">[106]</a> and Pakistan. The <a href="/wiki/Declaration_of_the_Independence_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Declaration of the Independence of India">Declaration of the Independence of India</a> was moved by <a href="/wiki/Jawaharlal_Nehru" title="Jawaharlal Nehru">Jawaharlal Nehru</a> and passed unanimously at midnight on 31 December 1929 at Lahore's <a href="/wiki/Bradlaugh_Hall" title="Bradlaugh Hall">Bradlaugh Hall</a>.<a href="#cite_note-112">[110]</a> The Indian <a href="/wiki/Swaraj_flag" class="mw-redirect" title="Swaraj flag">Swaraj</a> <a href="/wiki/Swaraj_flag" class="mw-redirect" title="Swaraj flag">flag</a> was adopted this time as well. Lahore's jail was used by the British to imprison independence activists such as <a href="/wiki/Jatin_Das" class="mw-redirect" title="Jatin Das">Jatin Das</a>, and was also where <a href="/wiki/Bhagat_Singh" title="Bhagat Singh">Bhagat Singh</a> was hanged in 1931.<a href="#cite_note-113">[111]</a> Under the leadership of <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Ali_Jinnah" title="Muhammad Ali Jinnah">Muhammad Ali Jinnah</a>, the <a href="/wiki/All_India_Muslim_League" class="mw-redirect" title="All India Muslim League">All India Muslim League</a> passed the <a href="/wiki/Lahore_Resolution" title="Lahore Resolution">Lahore Resolution</a> in 1940, demanding the creation of Pakistan as a separate homeland for the Muslims of India.<a href="#cite_note-114">[112]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Partition">Partition</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lahore&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Partition">edit</a>]</div> The 1941 census showed that city of Lahore had a population of 671,659, of which was 64.5% Muslim, with the remainder 35% being Hindu and Sikh, alongside a small Christian community.&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKudaisyaYong2004[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_August_2024]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;-30">[28]</a><a href="#cite_note-115">[113]</a> The population figure was disputed by Hindus and Sikhs before the Boundary Commission that would draw the <a href="/wiki/Radcliffe_Line" title="Radcliffe Line">Radcliffe Line</a> to demarcate the border of the two new states based on religious demography.&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;_30-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKudaisyaYong2004[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_August_2024]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;-30">[28]</a> In a bid to have Lahore awarded to India, they argued that the city was only 54% Muslim, and that Hindu and Sikh domination of the city's economy and educational institutions should trump Muslim demography.&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;_30-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKudaisyaYong2004[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_August_2024]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;-30">[28]</a> Two-thirds of shops, and 80% of Lahore's factories belonged to the Hindu and Sikh community.&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;_30-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKudaisyaYong2004[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_August_2024]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;-30">[28]</a> Kuldip Nayyar claimed that <a href="/wiki/Cyril_Radcliffe" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyril Radcliffe">Cyril Radcliffe</a> had told him in 1971 that he originally had planned to give Lahore to the new <a href="/wiki/Dominion_of_India" title="Dominion of India">Dominion of India</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Dabas2017-116">[114]</a><a href="#cite_note-Nayar2018-117">[115]</a><a href="#cite_note-Kaul1991-118">[116]</a> but decided to place it within the <a href="/wiki/Dominion_of_Pakistan" title="Dominion of Pakistan">Dominion of Pakistan</a>, which he saw as lacking a major city as he had already awarded <a href="/wiki/Calcutta" class="mw-redirect" title="Calcutta">Calcutta</a> to India.<a href="#cite_note-Nayar-119">[117]</a><a href="#cite_note-Dabas2017-116">[114]</a><a href="#cite_note-Nayar2018-117">[115]</a> As tensions grew over the city's uncertain fate, Lahore experienced <a href="/wiki/Partition_of_India" title="Partition of India">Partition</a>'s worst riots.&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;_30-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKudaisyaYong2004[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_August_2024]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;-30">[28]</a> Carnage ensued in which all three religious groups were both victims and perpetrators.<a href="#cite_note-120">[118]</a> Early riots in March and April 1947 destroyed 6,000 of Lahore's 82,000 homes.&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;_30-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKudaisyaYong2004[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_August_2024]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;-30">[28]</a> Violence continued to rise throughout the summer, despite the presence of armoured British personnel.&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;_30-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKudaisyaYong2004[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_August_2024]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;-30">[28]</a> Hindus and Sikhs began to leave the city en masse as their hopes that the Boundary Commission would award the city to India came to be regarded as increasingly unlikely. By late August 1947, 66% of Hindus and Sikhs had left the city.&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;_30-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKudaisyaYong2004[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_August_2024]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;-30">[28]</a> The Shah Alami Bazaar, once a largely Hindu quarter of the Walled City, was entirely burnt down during subsequent rioting.<a href="#cite_note-dejonge-121">[119]</a> When Pakistan's independence was declared on 14 August 1947, the Radcliffe Line had not yet been announced, and so cries of "Long live Pakistan" and "God is greatest" were heard intermittently with "Long live <a href="/wiki/Hindustan" title="Hindustan">Hindustan</a>" throughout the night.&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;_30-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKudaisyaYong2004[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_August_2024]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;-30">[28]</a> On 17 August 1947, Lahore was awarded to Pakistan on the basis of its Muslim majority in the 1941 census and was made capital of the Punjab province in the new state of Pakistan. The city's location near the Indian border meant that it received large numbers of refugees fleeing eastern Punjab and northern India, though it was able to accommodate them given the large stock of abandoned Hindu and Sikh properties that could be re-distributed to newly arrived refugees.&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;_30-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKudaisyaYong2004[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_August_2024]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;-30">[28]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Modern">Modern</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lahore&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Modern">edit</a>]</div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 214.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 212.66666666667px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Islamic_Summit_Minar.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Islamic Summit Minar"><img alt="Islamic Summit Minar" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Islamic_Summit_Minar.JPG/319px-Islamic_Summit_Minar.JPG" decoding="async" width="213" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Islamic_Summit_Minar.JPG/479px-Islamic_Summit_Minar.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Islamic_Summit_Minar.JPG/637px-Islamic_Summit_Minar.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1130" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Islamic_Summit_Minar" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic Summit Minar">Islamic Summit Minar</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 114.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 112.66666666667px;"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Minar-e-Pakistan_(vertical).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Minar-e-Pakistan"><img alt="Minar-e-Pakistan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/The_Minar-e-Pakistan_%28vertical%29.jpg/169px-The_Minar-e-Pakistan_%28vertical%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="113" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/The_Minar-e-Pakistan_%28vertical%29.jpg/253px-The_Minar-e-Pakistan_%28vertical%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/The_Minar-e-Pakistan_%28vertical%29.jpg/337px-The_Minar-e-Pakistan_%28vertical%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2352" data-file-height="3136" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Minar-e-Pakistan" title="Minar-e-Pakistan">Minar-e-Pakistan</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 269.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 267.33333333333px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Grand_Jamia_Masjid.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Grand Jamia Mosque"><img alt="Grand Jamia Mosque" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Grand_Jamia_Masjid.jpg/401px-Grand_Jamia_Masjid.jpg" decoding="async" width="268" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Grand_Jamia_Masjid.jpg/602px-Grand_Jamia_Masjid.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Grand_Jamia_Masjid.jpg/802px-Grand_Jamia_Masjid.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5472" data-file-height="3072" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Grand_Jamia_Mosque,_Lahore" title="Grand Jamia Mosque, Lahore">Grand Jamia Mosque</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 226px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 224px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Punjab_Assembly_as_more_then_one_decade_before_by_Usman_Ghani.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Provincial Assembly of the Punjab"><img alt="Provincial Assembly of the Punjab" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Punjab_Assembly_as_more_then_one_decade_before_by_Usman_Ghani.jpg/336px-Punjab_Assembly_as_more_then_one_decade_before_by_Usman_Ghani.jpg" decoding="async" width="224" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Punjab_Assembly_as_more_then_one_decade_before_by_Usman_Ghani.jpg/505px-Punjab_Assembly_as_more_then_one_decade_before_by_Usman_Ghani.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Punjab_Assembly_as_more_then_one_decade_before_by_Usman_Ghani.jpg/672px-Punjab_Assembly_as_more_then_one_decade_before_by_Usman_Ghani.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1840" data-file-height="1232" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Provincial_Assembly_of_the_Punjab" title="Provincial Assembly of the Punjab">Provincial Assembly of the Punjab</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 180.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 178.66666666667px;"><a href="/wiki/File:%27Pakistan%27-Islamic_Summit_Minar-Lahore-_By_@ibneazhar-_Sep_2016_(72).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="WAPDA House"><img alt="WAPDA House" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/%27Pakistan%27-Islamic_Summit_Minar-Lahore-_By_%40ibneazhar-_Sep_2016_%2872%29.jpg/268px-%27Pakistan%27-Islamic_Summit_Minar-Lahore-_By_%40ibneazhar-_Sep_2016_%2872%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="179" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/%27Pakistan%27-Islamic_Summit_Minar-Lahore-_By_%40ibneazhar-_Sep_2016_%2872%29.jpg/402px-%27Pakistan%27-Islamic_Summit_Minar-Lahore-_By_%40ibneazhar-_Sep_2016_%2872%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/%27Pakistan%27-Islamic_Summit_Minar-Lahore-_By_%40ibneazhar-_Sep_2016_%2872%29.jpg/536px-%27Pakistan%27-Islamic_Summit_Minar-Lahore-_By_%40ibneazhar-_Sep_2016_%2872%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2914" data-file-height="2448" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/WAPDA_House" title="WAPDA House">WAPDA House</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 114.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 112.66666666667px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Arfa_Karim_Tower_Lahore.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Arfa Karim tower in Lahore"><img alt="Arfa Karim tower in Lahore" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Arfa_Karim_Tower_Lahore.jpg/169px-Arfa_Karim_Tower_Lahore.jpg" decoding="async" width="113" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Arfa_Karim_Tower_Lahore.jpg/253px-Arfa_Karim_Tower_Lahore.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Arfa_Karim_Tower_Lahore.jpg/337px-Arfa_Karim_Tower_Lahore.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3024" data-file-height="4032" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Arfa Karim tower in Lahore</div> </li> </ul> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:First_Lady_Jacqueline_Kennedy%27s_Motorcade_in_Lahore,_Pakistan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/First_Lady_Jacqueline_Kennedy%27s_Motorcade_in_Lahore%2C_Pakistan.jpg/220px-First_Lady_Jacqueline_Kennedy%27s_Motorcade_in_Lahore%2C_Pakistan.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="195" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/First_Lady_Jacqueline_Kennedy%27s_Motorcade_in_Lahore%2C_Pakistan.jpg/330px-First_Lady_Jacqueline_Kennedy%27s_Motorcade_in_Lahore%2C_Pakistan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/First_Lady_Jacqueline_Kennedy%27s_Motorcade_in_Lahore%2C_Pakistan.jpg/440px-First_Lady_Jacqueline_Kennedy%27s_Motorcade_in_Lahore%2C_Pakistan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="886" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/First_Lady_of_the_United_States" title="First Lady of the United States">First Lady</a> <a href="/wiki/Jacqueline_Kennedy_Onassis" title="Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis">Jacqueline Kennedy</a> and President <a href="/wiki/Ayub_Khan_(President_of_Pakistan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ayub Khan (President of Pakistan)">Ayub Khan</a> travelled by car in Lahore, 1962</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Partition_of_India" title="Partition of India">Partition</a> left Lahore with a much-weakened economy, and a stymied social and cultural scene that had previously been invigorated by the city's Hindus and Sikhs.&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;_30-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKudaisyaYong2004[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_August_2024]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;-30">[28]</a> Industrial production dropped to one-third of pre-Partition level by the end of the 1940s, and only 27% of its manufacturing units were operating by 1950, and usually well-below capacity.&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;_30-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKudaisyaYong2004[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_August_2024]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;-30">[28]</a> <a href="/wiki/Capital_flight" title="Capital flight">Capital flight</a> further weakened the city's economy while <a href="/wiki/Karachi" title="Karachi">Karachi</a> industrialized and became more prosperous.&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;_30-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKudaisyaYong2004[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_August_2024]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;-30">[28]</a> The city's weakened economy, and proximity to the Indian border, meant that the city was deemed unsuitable to be the Pakistani capital after independence. Karachi was therefore chosen to be the capital on account of its relative tranquility during the Partition period, stronger economy, and better infrastructure.&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;_30-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKudaisyaYong2004[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_August_2024]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;-30">[28]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Delhi_Gate_11_(WCLA).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Delhi_Gate_11_%28WCLA%29.jpg/220px-Delhi_Gate_11_%28WCLA%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Delhi_Gate_11_%28WCLA%29.jpg/330px-Delhi_Gate_11_%28WCLA%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Delhi_Gate_11_%28WCLA%29.jpg/440px-Delhi_Gate_11_%28WCLA%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption>Sections of the <a href="/wiki/Walled_City_of_Lahore" title="Walled City of Lahore">Walled City of Lahore</a> have been under restoration since 2012 in conjunction with the <a href="/wiki/Agha_Khan" class="mw-redirect" title="Agha Khan">Agha Khan</a> Trust for Culture.</figcaption></figure> After independence, Lahore slowly regained its significance as an economic and cultural centre of western Punjab. Reconstruction began in 1949 of the Shah Alami Bazaar, the former commercial heart of the Walled City until it was destroyed in the 1947 riots.<a href="#cite_note-dejonge-121">[119]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Tomb_of_Allama_Iqbal" title="Tomb of Allama Iqbal">Tomb of Allama Iqbal</a> was built in 1951 to honour the philosopher-poet who provided the spiritual inspiration for the Pakistan movement.&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;_30-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKudaisyaYong2004[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_August_2024]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;-30">[28]</a> In 1955, Lahore was selected to be the capital of all <a href="/wiki/West_Pakistan" title="West Pakistan">West Pakistan</a> during the single-unit period that lasted until 1970.&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;_30-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKudaisyaYong2004[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_August_2024]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;-30">[28]</a> Shortly afterwards, Lahore's iconic <a href="/wiki/Minar-e-Pakistan" title="Minar-e-Pakistan">Minar-e-Pakistan</a> was completed in 1968 to mark the spot where the <a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Resolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Pakistan Resolution">Pakistan Resolution</a> was passed.&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;_30-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKudaisyaYong2004[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_August_2024]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;-30">[28]</a> With support from the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Pakistan" title="Government of Pakistan">government</a> was able to rebuild Lahore, and most scars from the communal violence of Partition were ameliorated. The second <a href="/wiki/Organisation_of_Islamic_Cooperation" title="Organisation of Islamic Cooperation">Islamic Summit Conference</a> was held in the city in 1974.<a href="#cite_note-oic_conf-122">[120]</a> In retaliation for the destruction of the <a href="/wiki/Babri_Masjid" title="Babri Masjid">Babri Masjid</a> in India, riots erupted in 1992 in which several non-Muslim monuments were targeted, including the tomb of Maharaja <a href="/wiki/Sher_Singh" title="Sher Singh">Sher Singh</a>,<a href="#cite_note-bansal-90">[88]</a> and the former Jain temple near The Mall. In 1996, the <a href="/wiki/International_Cricket_Council" title="International Cricket Council">International Cricket Council</a> <a href="/wiki/1996_Cricket_World_Cup" title="1996 Cricket World Cup">Cricket World Cup</a> final match was held at the <a href="/wiki/Gaddafi_Stadium" title="Gaddafi Stadium">Gaddafi Stadium</a> in Lahore.<a href="#cite_note-123">[121]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Walled_City_of_Lahore" title="Walled City of Lahore">Walled City of Lahore</a> restoration project began in 2009, when the Punjab government restored the Royal Trail from <a href="/wiki/Akbari_Gate" class="mw-redirect" title="Akbari Gate">Akbari Gate</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Lahore_Fort" title="Lahore Fort">Lahore Fort</a> with money from the <a href="/wiki/World_Bank" title="World Bank">World Bank</a>.<a href="#cite_note-124">[122]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lahore&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Geography">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lahore_Satellite_view.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Lahore_Satellite_view.jpg/220px-Lahore_Satellite_view.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="232" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Lahore_Satellite_view.jpg/330px-Lahore_Satellite_view.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Lahore_Satellite_view.jpg/440px-Lahore_Satellite_view.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2767" data-file-height="2916" /></a><figcaption>Lahore as seen from International Space Station. <a href="/wiki/River_Ravi" class="mw-redirect" title="River Ravi">River Ravi</a> flows from North to West. The city is rapidly growing towards the south.</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Lahore" title="Geography of Lahore">Geography of Lahore</a></div> Lahore is in northeastern portion of Pakistan, lying between 31°15′—31°45′ N and 74°01′—74°39′ E. The city is bounded on the north and west by the <a href="/wiki/Sheikhupura_District" title="Sheikhupura District">Sheikhupura District</a>, on the east by <a href="/wiki/Wagah" title="Wagah">Wagah</a>, and on the south by <a href="/wiki/Kasur_District" title="Kasur District">Kasur District</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Ravi_River" title="Ravi River">Ravi River</a> flows on the northern side of Lahore. Lahore city covers a total land area of 404 square kilometres (156 sq mi). <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lahore&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Climate">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Lahore" title="Climate of Lahore">Climate of Lahore</a></div> Lahore has a <a href="/wiki/Hot_semi-arid_climate" class="mw-redirect" title="Hot semi-arid climate">hot semi-arid climate</a> (<a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen climate classification</a> BSh), bordering on a <a href="/wiki/Humid_subtropical_climate" title="Humid subtropical climate">humid subtropical climate</a>. The hottest month is June, where temperatures routinely exceed 45 °C (113 °F). The monsoon season starts in late June, and the wettest months are July, August and September.<a href="#cite_note-HKO-125">[123]</a> with heavy rainfalls and evening thunderstorms with the possibility of cloudbursts and flash floods. The coolest month is January, with dense fog.<a href="#cite_note-126">[124]</a> The city's record high temperature was 50.4 °C (122.7 °F), recorded on 5 June 2003.<a href="#cite_note-127">[125]</a> On 10 June 2007, a temperature of 48 °C (118 °F) was recorded;<a href="#cite_note-128">[126]</a><a href="#cite_note-129">[127]</a> this was in the shade, and the meteorological office recording the figure reported a heat index in direct sunlight of 55 °C (131 °F).<a href="#cite_note-130">[128]</a> The highest rainfall in a 24-hour period is 337 millimetres (13.3 in), recorded on 1 August 2024.<a href="#cite_note-131">[129]</a> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Lahore (1991-2020, extremes 1931-present) </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF5E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.8 (82.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF3800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.3 (91.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF1900; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">37.8 (100.0) </td> <td style="background: #BF0000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">46.1 (115.0) </td> <td style="background: #A10000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">48.3 (118.9) </td> <td style="background: #B00000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">47.2 (117.0) </td> <td style="background: #BF0000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">46.1 (115.0) </td> <td style="background: #ED0000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">42.8 (109.0) </td> <td style="background: #FC0000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">41.7 (107.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF0600; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">40.6 (105.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF2C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.0 (95.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF4F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.0 (86.0) </td> <td style="background: #A10000; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">48.3 (118.9) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF9F3F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.4 (65.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF850B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.2 (72.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF6000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.5 (81.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF3200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.2 (93.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF1100; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">38.9 (102.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF1100; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">38.9 (102.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF2800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.6 (96.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF2E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.7 (94.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF3000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.4 (93.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF3E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.4 (90.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF6300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.1 (80.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF8A16; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.4 (70.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF4B00; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">30.5 (86.9) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFC388; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.1 (55.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFAC59; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.5 (61.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF8913; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.6 (70.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF5F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.7 (81.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF3F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.3 (90.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF3900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.2 (91.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF4600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.3 (88.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF4900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.8 (87.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF4F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.9 (85.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF6800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.3 (79.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF9123; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.4 (68.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFB56C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.1 (59.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF7200; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">24.9 (76.7) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFE9D4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.6 (45.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFD3A8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.8 (51.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFB164; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.7 (60.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF8C1A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.1 (70.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF6D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.6 (78.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF6100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.4 (81.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF6300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.1 (80.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF6400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.9 (80.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF6F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.3 (77.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF9327; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.1 (68.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFBF80; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.7 (56.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFE1C3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.8 (47.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF9934; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">19.2 (66.5) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #DADAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−2.2 (28.0) </td> <td style="background: #E6E6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 (32.0) </td> <td style="background: #F5F5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.8 (37.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFD9B3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.0 (50.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFBD7C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.0 (57.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFA347; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.8 (64.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF9429; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.0 (68.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF9B37; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.0 (66.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFAA56; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.7 (62.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFE4CA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.3 (46.9) </td> <td style="background: #ECECFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.0 (33.8) </td> <td style="background: #E0E0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−1.1 (30.0) </td> <td style="background: #DADAFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−2.2 (28.0) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #DEFFDE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.9 (0.86) </td> <td style="background: #BEFFBE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">39.5 (1.56) </td> <td style="background: #BEFFBE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">43.5 (1.71) </td> <td style="background: #D7FFD7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.5 (1.00) </td> <td style="background: #D7FFD7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.7 (1.05) </td> <td style="background: #7CFF7C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">84.8 (3.34) </td> <td style="background: #00DA00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">195.6 (7.70) </td> <td style="background: #00EB00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">184.1 (7.25) </td> <td style="background: #76FF76; color:#000000;" class="notheme">88.6 (3.49) </td> <td style="background: #EBFFEB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.3 (0.52) </td> <td style="background: #F4FFF4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.9 (0.27) </td> <td style="background: #E5FFE5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.8 (0.66) </td> <td style="background: #A0FFA0; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">747.2 (29.41) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) </th> <td style="background: #E0E0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.5 </td> <td style="background: #CFCFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.5 </td> <td style="background: #D2D2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.6 </td> <td style="background: #DBDBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.8 </td> <td style="background: #DBDBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.9 </td> <td style="background: #BFBFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.0 </td> <td style="background: #8E8EFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.1 </td> <td style="background: #9393FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.7 </td> <td style="background: #C0C0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.9 </td> <td style="background: #F1F1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.1 </td> <td style="background: #E6E6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.9 </td> <td style="background: #F1F1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.1 </td> <td style="background: #CDCDFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">47.1 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Relative_humidity" class="mw-redirect" title="Relative humidity">relative humidity</a> (%) </th> <td style="background: #0202FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">66 </td> <td style="background: #2121FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">58 </td> <td style="background: #3434FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">53 </td> <td style="background: #5E5EFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">42 </td> <td style="background: #7575FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36 </td> <td style="background: #5E5EFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">42 </td> <td style="background: #0202FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">66 </td> <td style="background: #0000F2; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">70 </td> <td style="background: #0E0EFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">63 </td> <td style="background: #2121FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">58 </td> <td style="background: #3434FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">53 </td> <td style="background: #0000FD; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">67 </td> <td style="background: #2828FF; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">56 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean monthly <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #DBDB00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">218.8 </td> <td style="background: #DFDF00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">215.0 </td> <td style="background: #E2E200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">245.8 </td> <td style="background: #E6E600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">256.1 </td> <td style="background: #F0F010; color:#000000;" class="notheme">308.3 </td> <td style="background: #E9E900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">269.0 </td> <td style="background: #DDDD00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">227.5 </td> <td style="background: #DFDF00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">234.9 </td> <td style="background: #E8E800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">265.6 </td> <td style="background: #ECEC06; color:#000000;" class="notheme">290.0 </td> <td style="background: #E0E000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">229.6 </td> <td style="background: #DCDC00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">222.9 </td> <td style="background: #E3E300; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">2,983.5 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #DDDD00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.1 </td> <td style="background: #E0E000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.6 </td> <td style="background: #E2E200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.9 </td> <td style="background: #ECEC05; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.2 </td> <td style="background: #F1F111; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.9 </td> <td style="background: #EAEA02; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.0 </td> <td style="background: #DEDE00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.3 </td> <td style="background: #E0E000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.6 </td> <td style="background: #E9E900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.9 </td> <td style="background: #EDED09; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.4 </td> <td style="background: #E8E800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.7 </td> <td style="background: #DDDD00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.2 </td> <td style="background: #E5E500; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">8.3 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 1: NOAA (sun, 1961-1990),<a href="#cite_note-WMOCLINO-132">[130]</a> <a href="/wiki/Deutscher_Wetterdienst" title="Deutscher Wetterdienst">Deutscher Wetterdienst</a> (humidity 1951-1990, daily sun 1961-1990)<a href="#cite_note-133">[131]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 2: PMD<a href="#cite_note-134">[132]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lahore&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Demographics">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Lahore" title="Demographics of Lahore">Demographics of Lahore</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1261442011">.mw-parser-output .abbr-header{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-bottom:none;background-color:lavender}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-top:none;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);padding:5px}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border-top:1px #a2a9b1 solid!important}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:none}}</style><table class="table-pale" style="width:15em;border-top-width:0;border-spacing: 0;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 0.5em;"><caption class="caption-purple" style="padding:0.25em;font-weight:bold">Historical population</caption><tbody><tr style="font-size:95%"><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;width:3em">Year</th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px 2px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Population" class="abbr-header">Pop.</abbr></th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Percent change" class="abbr-header">±%</abbr></th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1881</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">138,878</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">—    </td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1891</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">159,947</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+15.2%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1901</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">186,884</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+16.8%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1911</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">228,687</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+22.4%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1921</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">281,781</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+23.2%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1931</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">400,075</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+42.0%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1941</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">671,659</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+67.9%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1951</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">1,130,000</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+68.2%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1961</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">1,630,000</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+44.2%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1972</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">2,198,890<a href="#cite_note-citypopulation.de-135">[133]</a></td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+34.9%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1981</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">2,988,486<a href="#cite_note-citypopulation.de-135">[133]</a></td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+35.9%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1998</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">5,209,088<a href="#cite_note-citypopulation.de-135">[133]</a></td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+74.3%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2017</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">11,126,285<a href="#cite_note-citypopulation.de-135">[133]</a></td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+113.6%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2023</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">13,004,135<a href="#cite_note-citypopulation.de-135">[133]</a></td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+16.9%</td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Population">Population</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lahore&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Population">edit</a>]</div> The results of the <a href="/wiki/2017_Census_of_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="2017 Census of Pakistan">2017 Census</a> determined the population of Lahore to be 11,126,285,<a href="#cite_note-census2017-136">[134]</a> with an annual growth rate of 4.07% since <a href="/wiki/1998_Pakistan_Census" class="mw-redirect" title="1998 Pakistan Census">1998</a>.<a href="#cite_note-census2017-district-137">[135]</a> Gender-wise, 52.35% of the population are male, 47.64% are female, and 0.01% are transgender.<a href="#cite_note-census2017-district-137">[135]</a> Lahore is a demographically young city, with over 40% of its inhabitants below the age of 15.<a href="#cite_note-138">[136]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tribes_and_background">Tribes and background</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lahore&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Tribes and background">edit</a>]</div> At the time of the <a href="/wiki/2017_Pakistani_census" title="2017 Pakistani census">2017 Pakistani census</a>, the largest tribal group were <a href="/wiki/Arain" title="Arain">Arain Punjabis</a>, constituting 40%, followed by <a href="/wiki/Kashmiris_in_Punjab" title="Kashmiris in Punjab">Punjabi–Kashmiris</a> at 30% with other tribes such as <a href="/wiki/Muslim_Rajputs" title="Muslim Rajputs">Rajput</a> <a href="/wiki/Punjabis" title="Punjabis">Punjabis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kamboj" title="Kamboj">Kamboh Punjabis</a> at 5% each. The majority of the rest 20% is constituted by other <a href="/wiki/List_of_Punjabi_tribes" title="List of Punjabi tribes">Punjabi tribes</a>, with a minority constituted by other <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_Pakistan" title="Ethnic groups in Pakistan">ethnic communities</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Muhajir_(Pakistan)" title="Muhajir (Pakistan)">Muhajirs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pashtuns" title="Pashtuns">Pashtuns</a> and <a href="/wiki/Meo_(ethnic_group)" title="Meo (ethnic group)">Meo</a>.<a href="#cite_note-139">[137]</a> <div class="PieChartTemplate thumb tleft"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:202px"> <div class="mw-no-invert" style="background-color:white;margin:auto;position:relative;width:200px;height:200px;overflow:hidden;border-radius:100px;border:1px solid black;transform:scaleX(-1)rotate(-90deg)"> <div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:0; top:0; border-width:0 200px 200px 0; border-color:purple; z-index:-1"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 32.491969623291px; border-left-color:orange"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:orange"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:orange"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 3.2162452993533E-14px; border-left-color:green"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:green"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:green"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;right:100px; top:100px; border-width:95.105651629515px 30.901699437495px 0 0; border-top-color:blue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:blue"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;right:100px; top:0; border-width:0 137.63819204712px 100px 0; border-right-color:red"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;right:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 100px 0;border-color:red"></div> </div> <div class="thumbcaption"> Tribes and backgrounds in the <a href="/wiki/Lahore_district" class="mw-redirect" title="Lahore district">Lahore district</a><a href="#cite_note-140">[138]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Punjabi_Muslims" title="Punjabi Muslims">Punjabi</a>—<a href="/wiki/Arain" title="Arain">Arains</a> (40%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Kashmiris_in_Punjab" title="Kashmiris in Punjab">Punjabi–Kashmiris</a> (30%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Punjabi—<a href="/wiki/Muslim_Rajputs" title="Muslim Rajputs">Rajputs</a> (5%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Punjabi—<a href="/wiki/Kamboj" title="Kamboj">Kamboj</a> (5%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Others (20%)</div> </div> </div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Controversy_about_the_city's_Pashtun_population">Controversy about the city's Pashtun population</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lahore&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Controversy about the city's Pashtun population">edit</a>]</div> Some <a href="/wiki/Pashtun_nationalism" title="Pashtun nationalism">Pashtun nationalist</a> parties argue that the <a href="/wiki/Pashtuns" title="Pashtuns">Pashtun</a> population of Lahore in the 2017 census has been underestimated, with Ameer Bahadur Khan, provincial general secretary of <a href="/wiki/Awami_National_Party" title="Awami National Party">Awami National Party</a>, putting their numbers at 1.5 million, while Gul Muhammad Regwal, a member of <a href="/wiki/Pashtunkhwa_Milli_Awami_Party" title="Pashtunkhwa Milli Awami Party">Pakhtunkhwa Milli Awami Party</a>, claiming more than 1 million including 300,000 in the <a href="/wiki/Walled_City_of_Lahore" title="Walled City of Lahore">Walled City</a> alone, most of these having moved over the last 20 years, including due to military operations, but remaining uncounted as they're not considered permanent residents of Lahore.<a href="#cite_note-141">[139]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religion">Religion</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lahore&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Religion">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Lahore" title="Religion in Lahore">Religion in Lahore</a></div> <div class="barbox tright" style="overflow-x: auto;"> <div style="border:1px solid silver; font-size:88%; padding:0.4em; width:250px; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,white); color: var(--color-base,black)"> <table style="text-align:left; border-collapse:collapse; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr style="background:#Fcd116"><th style="text-align:center;" colspan="5">Religion in Lahore District 2023<a href="#cite_note-2023_census-142">[140]</a></th></tr> <tr style="font-size:88%; height:4px;"> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0 4px; text-align:left;">Religion</td> <td style="width:200px; text-align:left;"></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0 4px; width:1em; text-align:right;">Percent</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"> <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:green; width:95.26%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">95.26%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"> <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:blue; width:4.64%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">4.64%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Others</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:grey; width:0.1%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">0.1%</td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> </div> According to the 2023 Census, the vast majority of Lahore's population are <a href="/wiki/Muslims" title="Muslims">Muslims</a> (95.26%), up from 94.7% in 2017. Other religions include <a href="/wiki/Christians" title="Christians">Christians</a> (4.64%, slightly less than 5.14% in 2017)<a href="#cite_note-2023_Census-10">[9]</a> and small numbers of <a href="/wiki/Ahmadiyya" title="Ahmadiyya">Ahmadis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith" title="Baháʼí Faith">Baháʼís</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hindus" title="Hindus">Hindus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Parsis" title="Parsis">Parsis</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Sikhs" title="Sikhs">Sikhs</a>. There is also a small but longstanding <a href="/wiki/Zoroastrianism" title="Zoroastrianism">Zoroastrian</a> community. Since Lahore contains some of <a href="/wiki/Sikhism" title="Sikhism">Sikhism</a>'s holiest sites, it is a major pilgrimage destination for Sikhs.<a href="#cite_note-143">[141]</a> Lahore's first church was built during the reign of Emperor <a href="/wiki/Akbar" title="Akbar">Akbar</a> in the late 16th century, but was then leveled by <a href="/wiki/Shah_Jahan" title="Shah Jahan">Shah Jahan</a> in 1632.<a href="#cite_note-144">[142]</a> Due to the few numbers of Hindus living in Lahore, the only two functional Hindu temples in the city are the <a href="/wiki/Krishna_Mandir,_Lahore" title="Krishna Mandir, Lahore">Shri Krishna Mandir</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Valmiki_Mandir" title="Valmiki Mandir">Valmiki Mandir</a>.<a href="#cite_note-145">[143]</a> <div style="overflow-x:auto; border: 1px solid #AAA; padding-left: 0.5em; padding-right: 0.5em"> <table class="wikitable collapsible sortable"> <caption>Religious groups in Lahore City (1868−2023)<a href="#cite_note-LahoreCity1881to1941-147">[c]</a> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Pakistan" title="Religion in Pakistan">Religious</a> group </th> <th colspan="2">1868<a href="#cite_note-Census1868-148">[145]</a><a href="#cite_note-149">[d]</a> </th> <th colspan="2">1881<a href="#cite_note-Census1881-150">[146]</a><a href="#cite_note-Census1881B-151">[147]</a>: 520  </th> <th colspan="2">1891<a href="#cite_note-Census1891-152">[148]</a>: 68  </th> <th colspan="2">1901<a href="#cite_note-Census1901-153">[149]</a>: 44  </th> <th colspan="2">1911<a href="#cite_note-Census1911-154">[150]</a>: 20  </th> <th colspan="2">1921<a href="#cite_note-Census1921-155">[151]</a>: 23  </th> <th colspan="2">1931<a href="#cite_note-Census1931-156">[152]</a>: 26  </th> <th colspan="2">1941<a href="#cite_note-Census1941-146">[144]</a>: 32  </th> <th colspan="2">1951<a href="#cite_note-157">[153]</a> </th> <th colspan="2">2017<a href="#cite_note-Census2017B-158">[154]</a> </th> <th colspan="2">2023<a href="#cite_note-Census2023B-159">[155]</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Population" title="Population"><abbr title="Population">Pop.</abbr></a> </th> <th><abbr title="percentage">%</abbr> </th> <th><abbr title="Population">Pop.</abbr> </th> <th><abbr title="percentage">%</abbr> </th> <th><abbr title="Population">Pop.</abbr> </th> <th><abbr title="percentage">%</abbr> </th> <th><abbr title="Population">Pop.</abbr> </th> <th><abbr title="percentage">%</abbr> </th> <th><abbr title="Population">Pop.</abbr> </th> <th><abbr title="percentage">%</abbr> </th> <th><abbr title="Population">Pop.</abbr> </th> <th><abbr title="percentage">%</abbr> </th> <th><abbr title="Population">Pop.</abbr> </th> <th><abbr title="percentage">%</abbr> </th> <th><abbr title="Population">Pop.</abbr> </th> <th><abbr title="percentage">%</abbr> </th> <th>Pop. </th> <th>% </th> <th><abbr title="Population">Pop.</abbr> </th> <th><abbr title="percentage">%</abbr> </th> <th><abbr title="Population">Pop.</abbr> </th> <th><abbr title="percentage">%</abbr> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> <a href="/wiki/File:Star_and_Crescent.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Star_and_Crescent.svg/15px-Star_and_Crescent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Star_and_Crescent.svg/23px-Star_and_Crescent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Star_and_Crescent.svg/30px-Star_and_Crescent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="249" data-file-height="216" /></a> </td> <td>70,974 </td> <td>56.18% </td> <td>86,413 </td> <td>57.85% </td> <td>102,280 </td> <td>57.83% </td> <td>119,601 </td> <td>58.93% </td> <td>129,801 </td> <td>56.76% </td> <td>149,044 </td> <td>52.89% </td> <td>249,315 </td> <td>58.01% </td> <td>433,170 </td> <td>64.49% </td> <td>761,302 </td> <td>96,44% </td> <td>10,530,816 </td> <td>94.7% </td> <td>12,363,149 </td> <td>95.26% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a> <a href="/wiki/File:Om.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Om.svg/15px-Om.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Om.svg/23px-Om.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Om.svg/30px-Om.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="192" data-file-height="200" /></a><a href="#cite_note-ad-dharmi-160">[e]</a> </td> <td>40,551 </td> <td>32.1% </td> <td>53,641 </td> <td>35.91% </td> <td>62,077 </td> <td>35.1% </td> <td>70,196 </td> <td>34.59% </td> <td>77,267 </td> <td>33.79% </td> <td>107,783 </td> <td>38.25% </td> <td>139,125 </td> <td>32.37% </td> <td>179,422 </td> <td>26.71% </td> <td>1,707 </td> <td>0,22% </td> <td>2,670 </td> <td>0.02% </td> <td>2,811 </td> <td>0.02% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sikhism" title="Sikhism">Sikhism</a> <a href="/wiki/File:Khanda.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Khanda.svg/15px-Khanda.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Khanda.svg/23px-Khanda.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Khanda.svg/30px-Khanda.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="632" /></a> </td> <td>3,520 </td> <td>2.79% </td> <td>4,627 </td> <td>3.1% </td> <td>7,306 </td> <td>4.13% </td> <td>7,023 </td> <td>3.46% </td> <td>12,877 </td> <td>5.63% </td> <td>12,833 </td> <td>4.55% </td> <td>23,477 </td> <td>5.46% </td> <td>34,021 </td> <td>5.07% </td> <td> </td> <td>data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="table-na" | — </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td>715 </td> <td>0.01% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a> <a href="/wiki/File:Christian_cross.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Christian_cross.svg/15px-Christian_cross.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Christian_cross.svg/23px-Christian_cross.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Christian_cross.svg/30px-Christian_cross.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="404" data-file-height="564" /></a> </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td>529<a href="#cite_note-161">[f]</a> </td> <td>0.35% </td> <td>4,697 </td> <td>2.66% </td> <td>5,558 </td> <td>2.74% </td> <td>8,436 </td> <td>3.69% </td> <td>11,287 </td> <td>4.01% </td> <td>16,875 </td> <td>3.93% </td> <td>21,495 </td> <td>3.2% </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>571,365 </td> <td>5.14% </td> <td>602,431 </td> <td>4.64% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Jainism" title="Jainism">Jainism</a> <a href="/wiki/File:Jain_Prateek_Chihna.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Jain_Prateek_Chihna.svg/15px-Jain_Prateek_Chihna.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Jain_Prateek_Chihna.svg/23px-Jain_Prateek_Chihna.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Jain_Prateek_Chihna.svg/30px-Jain_Prateek_Chihna.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1124" data-file-height="1934" /></a> </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td>227 </td> <td>0.15% </td> <td>339 </td> <td>0.19% </td> <td>420 </td> <td>0.21% </td> <td>467 </td> <td>0.2% </td> <td>474 </td> <td>0.17% </td> <td>791 </td> <td>0.18% </td> <td>1,094 </td> <td>0.16% </td> <td> </td> <td>data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="table-na" | — </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Zoroastrianism" title="Zoroastrianism">Zoroastrianism</a> <a href="/wiki/File:Faravahar.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Faravahar.svg/15px-Faravahar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Faravahar.svg/23px-Faravahar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Faravahar.svg/30px-Faravahar.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="560" data-file-height="300" /></a> </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td>132 </td> <td>0.07% </td> <td>166 </td> <td>0.08% </td> <td>198 </td> <td>0.09% </td> <td>177 </td> <td>0.06% </td> <td>150 </td> <td>0.03% </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td> </td> <td>data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="table-na" | — </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td>77 </td> <td>0% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Judaism" title="Judaism">Judaism</a> <a href="/wiki/File:Star_of_David.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Star_of_David.svg/15px-Star_of_David.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Star_of_David.svg/23px-Star_of_David.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Star_of_David.svg/30px-Star_of_David.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="693" /></a> </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td>14 </td> <td>0.01% </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td>13 </td> <td>0.01% </td> <td>13 </td> <td>0% </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0% </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td> </td> <td>data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="table-na" | — </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a> <a href="/wiki/File:Dharma_Wheel_(2).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Dharma_Wheel_%282%29.svg/15px-Dharma_Wheel_%282%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Dharma_Wheel_%282%29.svg/23px-Dharma_Wheel_%282%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Dharma_Wheel_%282%29.svg/30px-Dharma_Wheel_%282%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="697" data-file-height="697" /></a> </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0% </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0% </td> <td>128 </td> <td>0.06% </td> <td>170 </td> <td>0.06% </td> <td>14 </td> <td>0% </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td> </td> <td>data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="table-na" | — </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ahmadiyya" title="Ahmadiyya">Ahmadiyya</a> <a href="/wiki/File:Liwa-e-Ahmadiyya_1-2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Liwa-e-Ahmadiyya_1-2.svg/15px-Liwa-e-Ahmadiyya_1-2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Liwa-e-Ahmadiyya_1-2.svg/23px-Liwa-e-Ahmadiyya_1-2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Liwa-e-Ahmadiyya_1-2.svg/30px-Liwa-e-Ahmadiyya_1-2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="550" /></a> </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>13,433 </td> <td>0.12% </td> <td>7,139 </td> <td>0.06% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Others </td> <td>11,284 </td> <td>8.93% </td> <td>3,932 </td> <td>2.63% </td> <td>9 </td> <td>0.01% </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0% </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0% </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0% </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0% </td> <td>2,457 </td> <td>0.37% </td> <td>26,258 </td> <td>3,33% </td> <td>1,701 </td> <td>0.02% </td> <td>2,339 </td> <td>0.02% </td></tr> <tr> <th>Total population </th> <th>126,329 </th> <th>100% </th> <th>149,369 </th> <th>100% </th> <th>176,854 </th> <th>100% </th> <th>202,964 </th> <th>100% </th> <th>228,687 </th> <th>100% </th> <th>281,781 </th> <th>100% </th> <th>429,747 </th> <th>100% </th> <th>671,659 </th> <th>100% </th> <th>789,267 </th> <th>100% </th> <th>11,119,985 </th> <th>100% </th> <th>12,978,661 </th> <th>100% </th></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Languages">Languages</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lahore&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Languages">edit</a>]</div> <div class="PieChartTemplate thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:202px"> <div class="mw-no-invert" style="background-color:white;margin:auto;position:relative;width:200px;height:200px;overflow:hidden;border-radius:100px;border:1px solid black;transform:scaleX(-1)rotate(-90deg)"> <div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 15915.284869129px; border-left-color:red"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:red"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:red"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 287.93735482341px; border-left-color:green"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:green"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:green"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;right:100px; top:100px; border-width:99.602242558728px 8.9102905268164px 0 0; border-top-color:maroon"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:maroon"></div> </div> <div class="thumbcaption"> Languages by number of native speakers in the <a href="/wiki/Lahore_district" class="mw-redirect" title="Lahore district">Lahore district</a><a href="#cite_note-PBC_2017-162">[156]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Punjabi_language" title="Punjabi language">Punjabi</a> (73.58%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Urdu" title="Urdu">Urdu</a> (21.1%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Other (5.22%)</div> </div> </div></div>The <a href="/wiki/Punjabi_language" title="Punjabi language">Punjabi language</a> is the most-widely spoken native language in Lahore, with 73.58% of Lahore counting it as their first language according to the 2023 Census.<a href="#cite_note-163">[157]</a> Lahore is the largest Punjabi-speaking city in the world. According to the <a href="/wiki/2023_Pakistani_census" title="2023 Pakistani census">2023 Pakistani census</a> 21.1% speak <a href="/wiki/Urdu" title="Urdu">Urdu</a>, 2.06% <a href="/wiki/Pashto" title="Pashto">Pashto</a>, 2.01% <a href="/wiki/Mewati" class="mw-redirect" title="Mewati">Mewati</a> and 2.78% other mother tongues.<a href="#cite_note-164">[158]</a><a href="#cite_note-165">[159]</a> <a href="/wiki/Urdu" title="Urdu">Urdu</a> and English are used as official languages and as mediums of instruction and media administration. However, Punjabi is also taught at graduation level and used in theatres, films, and newspapers from Lahore.<a href="#cite_note-166">[160]</a><a href="#cite_note-167">[161]</a> Several Lahore-based prominent educational leaders, researchers, and social commentators have demanded that the Punjabi language should be declared as the medium of instruction at the primary level and be used officially in the <a href="/wiki/Provincial_Assembly_of_the_Punjab" title="Provincial Assembly of the Punjab">Punjab Assembly</a>, Lahore.<a href="#cite_note-The_Nation_2015-168">[162]</a><a href="#cite_note-Business_Recorder_2015-169">[163]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cityscape">Cityscape</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lahore&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Cityscape">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Old_City">Old City</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lahore&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Old City">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Beauty_of_Pakistan_(lahore).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Beauty_of_Pakistan_%28lahore%29.jpg/220px-Beauty_of_Pakistan_%28lahore%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Beauty_of_Pakistan_%28lahore%29.jpg/330px-Beauty_of_Pakistan_%28lahore%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Beauty_of_Pakistan_%28lahore%29.jpg/440px-Beauty_of_Pakistan_%28lahore%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="544" /></a><figcaption>Cityscape of Lahore</figcaption></figure> Lahore's modern cityscape consists of the historic <a href="/wiki/Walled_City_of_Lahore" title="Walled City of Lahore">Walled City of Lahore</a> in the northern part of the city, which contains several <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">World Heritage Sites</a> and national heritage sites. Lahore's urban planning was not based on geometric design but was instead built piecemeal, with small cul-de-sacs, as katrahs and galis developed in the context of neighbouring buildings.&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;_28-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGlover2008[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_August_2024]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;-28">[26]</a> Though certain neighbourhoods were named for particular religious or ethnic communities, the neighbourhoods themselves typically were diverse and were not dominated by the namesake group.&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;_28-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGlover2008[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_August_2024]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;-28">[26]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wazir_Khan_Mosque_-_Aerial_View.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Wazir_Khan_Mosque_-_Aerial_View.jpg/220px-Wazir_Khan_Mosque_-_Aerial_View.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Wazir_Khan_Mosque_-_Aerial_View.jpg/330px-Wazir_Khan_Mosque_-_Aerial_View.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Wazir_Khan_Mosque_-_Aerial_View.jpg/440px-Wazir_Khan_Mosque_-_Aerial_View.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3968" data-file-height="2973" /></a><figcaption>The area around the <a href="/wiki/Wazir_Khan_Mosque" title="Wazir Khan Mosque">Wazir Khan Mosque</a> exemplifies the <a href="/wiki/Walled_City_of_Lahore" title="Walled City of Lahore">Walled City</a>'s urban form</figcaption></figure> Lahore's urban typology is similar to other ancient cities in South Asia, such as <a href="/wiki/Peshawar" title="Peshawar">Peshawar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Multan" title="Multan">Multan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Delhi" title="Delhi">Delhi</a> – all of which were founded near a major river, and included an old walled city and royal citadel. By the end of the Sikh rule, most of Lahore's massive <a href="/wiki/Haveli" title="Haveli">haveli</a> compounds had been occupied by settlers. New neighbourhoods occasionally grew up entirely within the confines of an old Mughal haveli, such as the Mohallah Pathan Wali, which grew within the ruins of a haveli of the same name, built by Mian Khan.&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;_28-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGlover2008[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_August_2024]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;-28">[26]</a> By 1831, all Mughal Havelis in the Walled City had been encroached upon by the surrounding neighbourhood,&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;_28-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGlover2008[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_August_2024]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;-28">[26]</a> leading to the modern-day absence of any Mughal Havelis in Lahore. A total of thirteen gates once surrounded the historic walled city. Some of the remaining gates include the Raushnai Gate, Masti Gate, Yakki Gate, Kashmiri Gate, Khizri Gate, Shah Burj Gate, Akbari Gate, and Lahori Gate. Southeast of the walled city is the spacious British-era <a href="/wiki/Lahore_Cantonment" title="Lahore Cantonment">Lahore Cantonment</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Architecture">Architecture</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lahore&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Architecture">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Lahore" title="Architecture of Lahore">Architecture of Lahore</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Grand_Jamia_Masjid_Bahria_Town_Lahore_Pakistan_cropped.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Grand_Jamia_Masjid_Bahria_Town_Lahore_Pakistan_cropped.jpg/220px-Grand_Jamia_Masjid_Bahria_Town_Lahore_Pakistan_cropped.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Grand_Jamia_Masjid_Bahria_Town_Lahore_Pakistan_cropped.jpg/330px-Grand_Jamia_Masjid_Bahria_Town_Lahore_Pakistan_cropped.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Grand_Jamia_Masjid_Bahria_Town_Lahore_Pakistan_cropped.jpg/440px-Grand_Jamia_Masjid_Bahria_Town_Lahore_Pakistan_cropped.jpg 2x" data-file-width="926" data-file-height="691" /></a><figcaption>Built in 2012, <a href="/wiki/Grand_Jamia_Mosque,_Lahore" title="Grand Jamia Mosque, Lahore">Grand Jamia Mosque</a> in southern Lahore is a blend of <a href="/wiki/Mughal_architecture" title="Mughal architecture">Mughal</a> and modern architecture.</figcaption></figure> Lahore is home to numerous monuments from the <a href="/wiki/Mughal_Dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Mughal Dynasty">Mughal Dynasty</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sikh_Empire" title="Sikh Empire">Sikh Empire</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">British Indian Raj</a>. The architectural style of the <a href="/wiki/Walled_City_of_Lahore" title="Walled City of Lahore">Walled City of Lahore</a> has traditionally been influenced by Mughal and Sikh styles.<a href="#cite_note-170">[164]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Sikh_period">Sikh period</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lahore&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Sikh period">edit</a>]</div> By the arrival of the Sikh Empire at the end of the 18th century, Lahore had decayed from its former glory as the Mughal capital. Rebuilding efforts under Ranjit Singh and his successors were influenced by Mughal practices, and Lahore was known as the 'City of Gardens' during the Ranjit Singh period.<a href="#cite_note-171">[165]</a><a href="#cite_note-172">[166]</a> Later, British maps of the area surrounding Lahore dating from the mid-19th century show many walled private gardens which were confiscated from the Muslim noble families bearing the names of prominent Sikh nobles – a pattern of patronage which was inherited from the Mughals. While much of Lahore's Mughal-era fabric lay in ruins by the time of his arrival, Ranjit Singh's army's plundered most of Lahore's most precious Mughal monuments, and stripped the white marble from several monuments to send to different parts of the Sikh Empire.&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;_97-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESidhwa2005[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_August_2024]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;-97">[95]</a> Monuments plundered of their marble include the <a href="/wiki/Tomb_of_Asif_Khan" title="Tomb of Asif Khan">Tomb of Asif Khan</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Tomb_of_Nur_Jahan" title="Tomb of Nur Jahan">Tomb of Nur Jahan</a>; the <a href="/wiki/Shalimar_Gardens,_Lahore" title="Shalimar Gardens, Lahore">Shalimar Gardens</a> was plundered of much of its marble, and its costly <a href="/wiki/Agate" title="Agate">agate</a> gate was stripped.&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;_83-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELatif1892[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_August_2024]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;-83">[81]</a><a href="#cite_note-Archaeological_Survey_of_India-98">[96]</a> The Sikh state also demolished a number of shrines and monuments laying outside the city's walls.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELatif189287-173">[167]</a> Still, Sikh rule left Lahore with several monuments, and a heavily altered Lahore Fort. Ranjit Singh's rule restored some of Lahore's previous grandeur,&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;_28-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGlover2008[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_August_2024]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;-28">[26]</a> and the city was left with a large number of religious monuments from this period. Several havelis were built during this era, though only a few still remain.&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;_28-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGlover2008[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_August_2024]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;-28">[26]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="British_period">British period</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lahore&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: British period">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Front_elevation,_Aitchison_College.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Front_elevation%2C_Aitchison_College.jpg/170px-Front_elevation%2C_Aitchison_College.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Front_elevation%2C_Aitchison_College.jpg/255px-Front_elevation%2C_Aitchison_College.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Front_elevation%2C_Aitchison_College.jpg/340px-Front_elevation%2C_Aitchison_College.jpg 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="720" /></a><figcaption>A syncretic architectural style that blends Islamic, Hindu, and Western motifs took root during the colonial era, as shown at <a href="/wiki/Aitchison_College" title="Aitchison College">Aitchison College</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tollington_market,_Mall_Road,_Lahore,_Pakistan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Tollington_market%2C_Mall_Road%2C_Lahore%2C_Pakistan.jpg/220px-Tollington_market%2C_Mall_Road%2C_Lahore%2C_Pakistan.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Tollington_market%2C_Mall_Road%2C_Lahore%2C_Pakistan.jpg/330px-Tollington_market%2C_Mall_Road%2C_Lahore%2C_Pakistan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Tollington_market%2C_Mall_Road%2C_Lahore%2C_Pakistan.jpg/440px-Tollington_market%2C_Mall_Road%2C_Lahore%2C_Pakistan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>Much of old Lahore features colonial-era buildings, such as the Tollinton Market.</figcaption></figure> As the capital of British Punjab, the city derived much of its architecture from British colonialists. Structures were built predominantly in the <a href="/wiki/Indo-Gothic" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-Gothic">Indo-Gothic</a> style – a syncretic architectural style that blends elements of <a href="/wiki/Victorian_architecture" title="Victorian architecture">Victorian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Islamic_architecture" title="Islamic architecture">Islamic architecture</a> o r in the distinct <a href="/wiki/Indo-Saracenic_Revival_architecture" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-Saracenic Revival architecture">Indo-Saracenic style</a>. The British also built <a href="/wiki/Neoclassical_architecture" title="Neoclassical architecture">neoclassical</a> Montgomery Hall, which today serves as the <a href="/wiki/Quaid-e-Azam_Library" title="Quaid-e-Azam Library">Quaid-e-Azam Library</a>.<a href="#cite_note-174">[168]</a> <a href="/wiki/Bagh-e-Jinnah,_Lahore" title="Bagh-e-Jinnah, Lahore">Lawrence Gardens</a> were also laid near Civil Station, and were paid for by donations solicited from both Lahore's European community, as well as from wealthy locals. The gardens featured over 600 species of plants, and were tended to by a horticulturist sent from London's <a href="/wiki/Royal_Botanic_Gardens,_Kew" title="Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew">Royal Botanic Gardens at Kew</a>.<a href="#cite_note-175">[169]</a> The leafy suburbs to the south of the Old City, as well as the Cantonment southwest of the Old City, were largely developed under British colonial rule, and feature colonial-era buildings built alongside leafy avenues. The British authorities built several important structures around the time of the <a href="/wiki/Golden_Jubilee_of_Queen_Victoria" title="Golden Jubilee of Queen Victoria">Golden Jubilee of Queen Victoria</a> in 1887 in the distinctive Indo-Saracenic style, such as the <a href="/wiki/Lahore_Museum" title="Lahore Museum">Lahore Museum</a> and <a href="/wiki/National_College_of_Arts" title="National College of Arts">Mayo School of Industrial Arts</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Making_Lahore_Modern_1894-110">[108]</a> Other prominent examples of the Indo-Saracenic style in Lahore include Lahore's prestigious <a href="/wiki/Aitchison_College" title="Aitchison College">Aitchison College</a>, the Punjab Chief Court (today the <a href="/wiki/Lahore_High_Court" title="Lahore High Court">Lahore High Court</a>), <a href="/wiki/Lahore_Museum" title="Lahore Museum">Lahore Museum</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/University_of_the_Punjab" title="University of the Punjab">University of the Punjab</a>. Many of Lahore's most important buildings were designed by civil engineer and architect <a href="/wiki/Ganga_Ram" title="Ganga Ram">Sir Ganga Ram</a>, who is considered "the father of modern Lahore".<a href="#cite_note-Ahmed2001-176">[170]</a><a href="#cite_note-HaroonKhalid-177">[171]</a><a href="#cite_note-TheMilliGazette-178">[172]</a><a href="#cite_note-TheSiasatDaily-179">[173]</a><a href="#cite_note-blogspot.com-180">[174]</a><a href="#cite_note-ThePrint-181">[175]</a><a href="#cite_note-thenews.com.pk-182">[176]</a><a href="#cite_note-USCGLahoreTweet-183">[177]</a><a href="#cite_note-184">[178]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Parks_and_gardens">Parks and gardens</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lahore&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Parks and gardens">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_parks_and_gardens_in_Lahore" title="List of parks and gardens in Lahore">List of parks and gardens in Lahore</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bagh-e-Jinnah_Lahore_Pakistan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Bagh-e-Jinnah_Lahore_Pakistan.jpg/220px-Bagh-e-Jinnah_Lahore_Pakistan.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Bagh-e-Jinnah_Lahore_Pakistan.jpg/330px-Bagh-e-Jinnah_Lahore_Pakistan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Bagh-e-Jinnah_Lahore_Pakistan.jpg/440px-Bagh-e-Jinnah_Lahore_Pakistan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="2061" /></a><figcaption>Lahore's <a href="/wiki/Bagh-e-Jinnah,_Lahore" title="Bagh-e-Jinnah, Lahore">Bagh-e-Jinnah</a> was laid in 1862 as the <a href="/wiki/Bagh-e-Jinnah_(Lahore)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bagh-e-Jinnah (Lahore)">Lawrence Garden</a>.</figcaption></figure> Lahore is also known as "the city of gardens" due to its large number of gardens. The <a href="/wiki/Shahdara_Bagh" title="Shahdara Bagh">Shahdara Bagh</a> was one of the earliest <a href="/wiki/Mughal_garden" title="Mughal garden">Mughal gardens</a>, laid out in 15th century, and contains the <a href="/wiki/Tomb_of_Jahangir" title="Tomb of Jahangir">Tomb of Jahangir</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Shalimar_Gardens_(Lahore)" class="mw-redirect" title="Shalimar Gardens (Lahore)">Shalimar Gardens</a> were laid out during the reign of <a href="/wiki/Shah_Jahan" title="Shah Jahan">Shah Jahan</a> and were designed to mimic the <a href="/wiki/Islamic" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic">Islamic</a> paradise of the afterlife described in the <a href="/wiki/Qur%27an" class="mw-redirect" title="Qur'an">Qur'an</a>. The gardens follow the familiar <a href="/wiki/Charbagh" title="Charbagh">charbagh</a> layout of four squares, with three descending terraces. In 1818, <a href="/wiki/Hazuri_Bagh" title="Hazuri Bagh">Hazuri Bagh</a> was built during reign of Ranjit Singh to celebrate his capture of the <a href="/wiki/Koh-i-Noor" title="Koh-i-Noor">Koh-i-Noor</a> diamond from Shuja Shah Durrani. The <a href="/wiki/Bagh-e-Jinnah_(Lahore)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bagh-e-Jinnah (Lahore)">Lawrence Garden</a> was established in 1862 and was originally named after <a href="/wiki/Sir_John_Lawrence" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir John Lawrence">Sir John Lawrence</a>, late 19th-century British Viceroy to India. The Circular Garden, which surrounds the Walled City on three sides, was established by 1892.&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;_83-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELatif1892[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_August_2024]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;-83">[81]</a> The former parade ground adjacent to Badshahi Mosque was also renamed during the British era as <a href="/wiki/Greater_Iqbal_Park" title="Greater Iqbal Park">Minto Park</a>, which after restoration was re-established as Iqbal Park. The many other gardens and parks in the city include <a href="/wiki/Hazuri_Bagh" title="Hazuri Bagh">Hazuri Bagh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iqbal_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Iqbal Park">Iqbal Park</a>, Mochi Bagh, <a href="/wiki/Gulshan-e-Iqbal_Park" title="Gulshan-e-Iqbal Park">Gulshan-e-Iqbal Park</a>, <a href="/wiki/Model_Town_Park" title="Model Town Park">Model Town Park</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jilani_Park" title="Jilani Park">Jilani Park</a>, Nasir Bagh Lahore, <a href="/wiki/Jallo_Park" title="Jallo Park">Jallo Park</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lahore_Zoo_Safari" title="Lahore Zoo Safari">Lahore Zoo Safari Park</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Changa_Manga" title="Changa Manga">Changa Manga</a>, a human-made forest near Lahore in the <a href="/wiki/Kasur" title="Kasur">Kasur</a> district. Another example is the <a href="/wiki/Bagh-e-Jinnah,_Lahore" title="Bagh-e-Jinnah, Lahore">Bagh-e-Jinnah</a>, a 141-acre (57 ha) botanical garden that houses entertainment and sports facilities as well as a library.<a href="#cite_note-185">[179]</a><a href="#cite_note-186">[180]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lahore&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Economy">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Lahore" title="Economy of Lahore">Economy of Lahore</a></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 264.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 262.66666666667px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Lahore_Expo_Centre.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Expo Centre Lahore"><img alt="Expo Centre Lahore" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Lahore_Expo_Centre.jpg/394px-Lahore_Expo_Centre.jpg" decoding="async" width="263" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Lahore_Expo_Centre.jpg/592px-Lahore_Expo_Centre.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8a/Lahore_Expo_Centre.jpg 2x" data-file-width="730" data-file-height="417" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Expo_Centre_Lahore" class="mw-redirect" title="Expo Centre Lahore">Expo Centre Lahore</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 234px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 232px;"><a href="/wiki/File:PIA_Head_Office,_Lahore.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="PIA Head Office"><img alt="PIA Head Office" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/PIA_Head_Office%2C_Lahore.jpg/348px-PIA_Head_Office%2C_Lahore.jpg" decoding="async" width="232" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/58/PIA_Head_Office%2C_Lahore.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="440" data-file-height="285" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_International_Airline" class="mw-redirect" title="Pakistan International Airline">PIA Head Office</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 268.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 266.66666666667px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Emporium_Mall.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Emporium Mall"><img alt="Emporium Mall" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Emporium_Mall.jpg/400px-Emporium_Mall.jpg" decoding="async" width="267" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Emporium_Mall.jpg/601px-Emporium_Mall.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Emporium_Mall.jpg/800px-Emporium_Mall.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1152" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Emporium_Mall" title="Emporium Mall">Emporium Mall</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 152px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:MCB-HQ_(square).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="MCB headquarters"><img alt="MCB headquarters" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/MCB-HQ_%28square%29.jpg/225px-MCB-HQ_%28square%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/MCB-HQ_%28square%29.jpg/338px-MCB-HQ_%28square%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/MCB-HQ_%28square%29.jpg/450px-MCB-HQ_%28square%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="960" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Muslim_Commercial_Bank" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim Commercial Bank">MCB</a> headquarters</div> </li> </ul> As of 2008<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lahore&action=edit">[update]</a>, the city's gross domestic product (GDP) by <a href="/wiki/Purchasing_power_parity" title="Purchasing power parity">purchasing power parity</a> (PPP) was estimated at $40 billion with a projected average growth rate of 5.6 percent. This is on par with Karachi, Pakistan's economic hub, with Lahore (having half the population) fostering an economy that is 51% of the size of Karachi's ($78 billion in 2008).<a href="#cite_note-pwc1-187">[181]</a> It is estimated that Lahore contributes 11.5% to the national economy, and 19% to the provincial economy of Punjab.<a href="#cite_note-188">[182]</a> As a whole, Punjab has a $115 billion economy, making it the first (and to date,[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers">as of?</a>] only) Pakistani Subdivision with an economy of more than $100 billion, at the rank 144[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Clarity" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Clarity">of what?</a>].<a href="#cite_note-pwc1-187">[181]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">failed verification</a>] Lahore's GDP is projected to be $102 billion by 2025, with a slightly higher growth rate of 5.6% per annum, as compared to Karachi's 5.5%.<a href="#cite_note-pwc1-187">[181]</a><a href="#cite_note-189">[183]</a> A major industrial agglomeration with about 9,000 industrial units, Lahore has shifted in recent decades from manufacturing to service industries.<a href="#cite_note-adb-190">[184]</a> Some 42% of its workforce is employed in finance, banking, real estate, community, cultural, and social services.<a href="#cite_note-adb-190">[184]</a> The city is Pakistan's largest software and hardware producing centre,<a href="#cite_note-adb-190">[184]</a> and hosts a growing computer-assembly industry.<a href="#cite_note-adb-190">[184]</a> The city has always been a centre for publications; 80% of Pakistan's books are published in Lahore, and it remains the foremost centre of literary, educational, and cultural activity in Pakistan.<a href="#cite_note-2005_pg7_15-32">[30]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Expo_Centre_Lahore" class="mw-redirect" title="Expo Centre Lahore">Lahore Expo Centre</a> is one of the biggest projects in the history of the city and was inaugurated on 22 May 2010.<a href="#cite_note-expolahore.com-191">[185]</a> Defence Raya Golf Resort, now fully operational (as of the 2024), boasts Pakistan’s largest and Asia's premier golf course. This luxurious project is a result of a partnership between DHA Lahore and BRDB Malaysia, offering world-class residential, recreational, and commercial facilities. The development of such large-scale projects continues to elevate Lahore’s profile, contributing significantly to the national economy.<a href="#cite_note-192">[186]</a> Ferozepur Road of the <a href="/wiki/Central_business_district" title="Central business district">Central business districts</a> of Lahore contains high-rises and skyscrapers including Kayre International Hotel and <a href="/wiki/Arfa_Software_Technology_Park" title="Arfa Software Technology Park">Arfa Software Technology Park</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transport">Transport</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lahore&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Transport">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Lahore" title="Transport in Lahore">Transport in Lahore</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kalma_Underpass1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Kalma_Underpass1.jpg/220px-Kalma_Underpass1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Kalma_Underpass1.jpg/330px-Kalma_Underpass1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Kalma_Underpass1.jpg/440px-Kalma_Underpass1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="679" data-file-height="450" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Kalma_Underpass" title="Kalma Underpass">Kalma Underpass</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Public_transportation">Public transportation</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lahore&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: Public transportation">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lahore_Bus_Service_at_Central_Station,_Lahore.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Lahore_Bus_Service_at_Central_Station%2C_Lahore.jpg/220px-Lahore_Bus_Service_at_Central_Station%2C_Lahore.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/87/Lahore_Bus_Service_at_Central_Station%2C_Lahore.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="275" data-file-height="183" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Lahore_Metrobus" title="Lahore Metrobus">Lahore Metrobus</a></figcaption></figure> Lahore's main public transportation system is operated by the <a href="/wiki/Lahore_Transport_Company" title="Lahore Transport Company">Lahore Transport Company</a> (LTC) and Punjab Mass Transit Authority (PMTA). The backbone of its public transport network is the PMTA's <a href="/wiki/Lahore_Metrobus" title="Lahore Metrobus">Lahore Metrobus</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Orange_Line_(Lahore_Metro)" title="Orange Line (Lahore Metro)">Orange Line</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Lahore_Metro" title="Lahore Metro">Lahore Metro</a> train. LTC and PMTA also operates an extensive network of buses, providing bus service to many parts of the city and acting as a feeder system for the Metrobus. The Orange Line metro spans 27.1 km (16.8 mi) around the city and operates at a speed of 80 km/h (50 mph). <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Metrobus">Metrobus</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lahore&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: Metrobus">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Lahore_Metrobus" title="Lahore Metrobus">Lahore Metrobus</a></div> The <a href="/wiki/Lahore_Metrobus" title="Lahore Metrobus">Lahore Metrobus</a> is a <a href="/wiki/Bus_rapid_transit" title="Bus rapid transit">bus rapid transit</a> service operating in Lahore, <a href="/wiki/Punjab,_Pakistan" title="Punjab, Pakistan">Punjab, Pakistan</a>.<a href="#cite_note-193">[187]</a> Lahore Metrobus service is integrated with <a href="/wiki/Lahore_Transport_Company" title="Lahore Transport Company">Lahore Transport Company</a>'s local bus service to operate as one urban transport system, providing a connected transit service across <a href="/wiki/Lahore_District" title="Lahore District">Lahore District</a> with connections to neighboring suburban communities. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Low_occupancy_vehicles">Low occupancy vehicles</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lahore&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: Low occupancy vehicles">edit</a>]</div> Low occupancy vehicle (LOVs)—functionally a medium-sized van or wagon—run on routes throughout the city. They function like buses and operate on many routes throughout the city.<a href="#cite_note-194">[188]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Metro_Train">Metro Train</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lahore&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: Metro Train">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lahore_Metro_07.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Lahore_Metro_07.jpg/220px-Lahore_Metro_07.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Lahore_Metro_07.jpg/330px-Lahore_Metro_07.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Lahore_Metro_07.jpg/440px-Lahore_Metro_07.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="2268" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Orange_Line_(Lahore_Metro)" title="Orange Line (Lahore Metro)">Orange Line</a> is Pakistan's first metro rail line.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Orange_Line">Orange Line</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lahore&action=edit&section=44" title="Edit section: Orange Line">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Orange_Line_(Lahore_Metro)" title="Orange Line (Lahore Metro)">Orange Line (Lahore Metro)</a></div> The <a href="/wiki/Orange_Line_(Lahore_Metro)" title="Orange Line (Lahore Metro)">Orange Line Metro Train</a> is an automated <a href="/wiki/Rapid_transit" title="Rapid transit">rapid transit</a> system in Lahore.<a href="#cite_note-195">[189]</a><a href="#cite_note-196">[190]</a> The Orange line is the first of the three proposed rail lines proposed for the <a href="/wiki/Lahore_Metro" title="Lahore Metro">Lahore Metro</a>. As of 2020, it is the primary metro rail line in the city. The line spans 27.1 km (16.8 mi), with 25.4 km (15.8 mi) elevated and 1.72 km (1.1 mi) underground,<a href="#cite_note-Norinco-197">[191]</a> and had a cost of 251.06 billion <a href="/wiki/Pakistani_rupee" title="Pakistani rupee">rupees</a> ($1.6 billion). The line consists of 26 subway stations (Ali Town Station to Dera Gujran Station) and is designed to carry over 250,000 passengers daily. <a href="/wiki/CRRC_Zhuzhou_Locomotive" title="CRRC Zhuzhou Locomotive">CRRC Zhuzhou Locomotive</a> rolled out the first of 27 trains for the metro on 16 May 2017.<a href="#cite_note-198">[192]</a> The train has speed up to 80 km/h (50 mph). For improved durability, its <a href="/wiki/Bogie" title="Bogie">bogies</a> are heat-resistant, can manage unstable voltage, and feature energy-saving air-conditioning.<a href="#cite_note-199">[193]</a> Successful initial test trials were run in mid-2018,<a href="#cite_note-200">[194]</a> and commercial operations began on 25 October 2020.<a href="#cite_note-Lahore_Metro_Train-201">[195]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Blue_Line">Blue Line</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lahore&action=edit&section=45" title="Edit section: Blue Line">edit</a>]</div> The Blue Line is a proposed 24 kilometres (15 mi) line from Chauburji to College Road Township. Along the way, it will connect places like Mozang Chungi, Shadman Chowk, Jail Road, Mian Boulevard Gulberg, Mian Boulevard Garden Town, and Faisal Town.<a href="#cite_note-railway-technology.com-202">[196]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Purple_Line">Purple Line</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lahore&action=edit&section=46" title="Edit section: Purple Line">edit</a>]</div> The Purple Line is a proposed 19 kilometres (12 mi) line from Bhaati Chowk to the Allama Iqbal International Airport. Along the way, it will connect places like Brandreth Road, Railway Station, Allama Iqbal Road, Dharampura, and Ghazi Road.<a href="#cite_note-railway-technology.com-202">[196]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Taxi_and_rickshaw">Taxi and rickshaw</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lahore&action=edit&section=47" title="Edit section: Taxi and rickshaw">edit</a>]</div> Ride-sharing services such as <a href="/wiki/Uber" title="Uber">Uber</a> and <a href="/wiki/Careem" title="Careem">Careem</a> are available in the city. Motorcycle rides are also available in the city, which have been introduced by private companies. <a href="/wiki/Auto_rickshaws" class="mw-redirect" title="Auto rickshaws">Auto rickshaws</a> play an important role of public transport in Lahore. As of 2019, there were approximately 82,000 auto rickshaws and 65,000 motorcycle rickshaws in the city.<a href="#cite_note-The_Express_Tribune_2019_c467-203">[197]</a> Motorcycle rickshaws, usually called <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chingchi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chingchi (page does not exist)">chingchi</a><a href="#cite_note-Khan_2023_j517-204">[198]</a> (after the Chinese company Jinan Qingqi Motorcycle Co. Ltd, who first introduced these to the market)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] or chand gari ('moon car')<a href="#cite_note-BOL_News_2023_a520-205">[199]</a> are cheaper than auto rickshaws and provide a shared ride experience for multiple passengers and fares, whereas auto rickshaws cater to only one passenger or group for a fare.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Since 2002, all auto rickshaws have been required to use <a href="/wiki/Compressed_natural_gas" title="Compressed natural gas">compressed natural gas</a> as fuel,<a href="#cite_note-206">[200]</a> and all-electric rickshaws were introduced in 2023.<a href="#cite_note-Sheikh_2023_x607-207">[201]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Intercity_transportation">Intercity transportation</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lahore&action=edit&section=48" title="Edit section: Intercity transportation">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Railways">Railways</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lahore&action=edit&section=49" title="Edit section: Railways">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Lahore_Junction_railway_station" title="Lahore Junction railway station">Lahore Junction railway station</a></div> <a href="/wiki/Lahore_Junction_railway_station" title="Lahore Junction railway station">Lahore Junction Station</a> serves as the main railway station for Lahore, and serves as a major hub for all <a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Railways" title="Pakistan Railways">Pakistan Railways</a> services in <a href="/wiki/Northern_Pakistan" title="Northern Pakistan">Northern Pakistan</a>. It includes services to <a href="/wiki/Peshawar" title="Peshawar">Peshawar</a> and the national capital metropolitan area of <a href="/wiki/Islamabad" title="Islamabad">Islamabad</a>–<a href="/wiki/Rawalpindi" title="Rawalpindi">Rawalpindi</a>, and long-distance services to <a href="/wiki/Karachi" title="Karachi">Karachi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Quetta" title="Quetta">Quetta</a>. <a href="/wiki/Lahore_Cantonment_railway_station" title="Lahore Cantonment railway station">Lahore Cantonment Station</a> also operates a few trains. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Buses">Buses</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lahore&action=edit&section=50" title="Edit section: Buses">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/Lahore_Badami_Bagh_Bus_Terminal" title="Lahore Badami Bagh Bus Terminal">Lahore Badami Bagh Bus Terminal</a> (known colloquially as "Lari Adda") serves as a hub for intercity bus services in Lahore, served by multiple bus companies providing a comprehensive network of services in Punjab and neighbouring provinces. <a href="/wiki/Lahore_Jinnah_Bus_Terminal" title="Lahore Jinnah Bus Terminal">Lahore Jinnah Bus Terminal</a> is also a major bus stand in southern Lahore. Apart from these stations, multiple privately owned bus transportation companies operate from Band Road (referred to colloquially as Chowk Yateem Khana), offering intercity transport at varying fares and comfort levels. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Airports">Airports</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lahore&action=edit&section=51" title="Edit section: Airports">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Allama_Iqbal_International_Airport" title="Allama Iqbal International Airport">Allama Iqbal International Airport</a> and <a href="/wiki/Walton_Airport" title="Walton Airport">Walton Airport</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:AllamaIqbalAirport.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/AllamaIqbalAirport.JPG/220px-AllamaIqbalAirport.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/AllamaIqbalAirport.JPG/330px-AllamaIqbalAirport.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/AllamaIqbalAirport.JPG/440px-AllamaIqbalAirport.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>Allama Iqbal International Airport</figcaption></figure> Pakistan's third busiest airport, <a href="/wiki/Allama_Iqbal_International_Airport" title="Allama Iqbal International Airport">Allama Iqbal International Airport</a> (<a href="/wiki/International_Air_Transport_Association_airport_code" class="mw-redirect" title="International Air Transport Association airport code">IATA</a>: LHE), straddles the city's eastern boundary. The new passenger terminal was opened in 2003, replacing the old terminal which now serves as a VIP and Hajj lounge. The airport was named after the national poet-philosopher, <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Iqbal" title="Muhammad Iqbal">Muhammad Iqbal</a>,<a href="#cite_note-208">[202]</a> and is a secondary hub for the national carrier, <a href="/wiki/Pakistan_International_Airlines" title="Pakistan International Airlines">Pakistan International Airlines</a>.<a href="#cite_note-209">[203]</a> <a href="/wiki/Walton_Airport" title="Walton Airport">Walton Airport</a> in Askari neighbourhood provides <a href="/wiki/General_aviation" title="General aviation">general aviation</a> facilities. <a href="/wiki/Sialkot_International_Airport" title="Sialkot International Airport">Sialkot International Airport</a> (IATA: SKT) and <a href="/wiki/Faisalabad_International_Airport" title="Faisalabad International Airport">Faisalabad International Airport</a> (IATA: LYP) also serve as alternate airports for the Lahore area, in addition to serving their respective cities. Allama Iqbal International Airport connects Lahore with many cities worldwide (including domestic destinations) by both passenger and cargo flight including <a href="/wiki/Ras_Al_Khaimah_International_Airport" title="Ras Al Khaimah International Airport">Ras al Khaimah</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guangzhou_Baiyun_International_Airport" title="Guangzhou Baiyun International Airport">Guangzhou</a> (begins 28 August 2018),<a href="#cite_note-210">[204]</a> <a href="/wiki/%C3%9Cr%C3%BCmqi_Diwopu_International_Airport" title="Ürümqi Diwopu International Airport">Ürümqi</a>,<a href="#cite_note-211">[205]</a> <a href="/wiki/Abu_Dhabi_International_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Abu Dhabi International Airport">Abu Dhabi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Barcelona%E2%80%93El_Prat_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Barcelona–El Prat Airport">Barcelona</a>,<a href="#cite_note-212">[206]</a> <a href="/wiki/Beijing_Capital_International_Airport" title="Beijing Capital International Airport">Beijing–Capital</a>, <a href="/wiki/Copenhagen_Airport" title="Copenhagen Airport">Copenhagen</a>, <a href="/wiki/King_Fahd_International_Airport" title="King Fahd International Airport">Dammam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dera_Ghazi_Khan_International_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Dera Ghazi Khan International Airport">Dera Ghazi Khan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hamad_International_Airport" title="Hamad International Airport">Doha</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dubai_International_Airport" title="Dubai International Airport">Dubai–International</a>, <a href="/wiki/Islamabad_International_Airport" title="Islamabad International Airport">Islamabad</a>, <a href="/wiki/King_Abdulaziz_International_Airport" title="King Abdulaziz International Airport">Jeddah</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jinnah_International_Airport" title="Jinnah International Airport">Karachi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kuala_Lumpur_International_Airport" title="Kuala Lumpur International Airport">Kuala Lumpur–International</a>, <a href="/wiki/Heathrow_Airport" title="Heathrow Airport">London–Heathrow</a>, <a href="/wiki/Manchester_Airport" title="Manchester Airport">Manchester</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prince_Mohammad_bin_Abdulaziz_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Prince Mohammad bin Abdulaziz Airport">Medina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Milan%E2%80%93Malpensa_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Milan–Malpensa Airport">Milan–Malpensa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Multan_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Multan Airport">Multan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Muscat_International_Airport" title="Muscat International Airport">Muscat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oslo_Airport,_Gardermoen" title="Oslo Airport, Gardermoen">Oslo–Gardermoen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charles_de_Gaulle_Airport" title="Charles de Gaulle Airport">Paris–Charles de Gaulle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bacha_Khan_International_Airport" title="Bacha Khan International Airport">Peshawar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Quetta_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Quetta Airport">Quetta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shaikh_Zayed_International_Airport_(Rahim_Yar_Khan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Shaikh Zayed International Airport (Rahim Yar Khan)">Rahim Yar Khan</a>, <a href="/wiki/King_Khalid_International_Airport" title="King Khalid International Airport">Riyadh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Salalah_International_Airport" title="Salalah International Airport">Salalah</a>,<a href="#cite_note-213">[207]</a> <a href="/wiki/Tokyo%E2%80%93Narita" class="mw-redirect" title="Tokyo–Narita">Tokyo–Narita</a>, <a href="/wiki/Toronto_Pearson_International_Airport" title="Toronto Pearson International Airport">Toronto–Pearson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mashhad_International_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Mashhad International Airport">Mashhad</a>, <a href="/wiki/Suvarnabhumi_Airport" title="Suvarnabhumi Airport">Bangkok–Suvarnabhumi</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Tashkent_International_Airport" title="Tashkent International Airport">Tashkent</a>.<a href="#cite_note-214">[208]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Roads">Roads</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lahore&action=edit&section=52" title="Edit section: Roads">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_streets_in_Lahore" class="mw-redirect" title="List of streets in Lahore">List of streets in Lahore</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Badshahi_Mosque,_Lahore_VII.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Badshahi_Mosque%2C_Lahore_VII.jpg/220px-Badshahi_Mosque%2C_Lahore_VII.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Badshahi_Mosque%2C_Lahore_VII.jpg/330px-Badshahi_Mosque%2C_Lahore_VII.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Badshahi_Mosque%2C_Lahore_VII.jpg/440px-Badshahi_Mosque%2C_Lahore_VII.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Chowk_Minar-e-Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Chowk Minar-e-Pakistan">Azadi Chowk</a> is located near the <a href="/wiki/Badshahi_Mosque" title="Badshahi Mosque">Badshahi Mosque</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lahore_Ring_Road_(L-20).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Lahore_Ring_Road_%28L-20%29.jpg/220px-Lahore_Ring_Road_%28L-20%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Lahore_Ring_Road_%28L-20%29.jpg/330px-Lahore_Ring_Road_%28L-20%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Lahore_Ring_Road_%28L-20%29.jpg/440px-Lahore_Ring_Road_%28L-20%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4160" data-file-height="3120" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Lahore_Ring_Road" title="Lahore Ring Road">Lahore Ring Road</a></figcaption></figure> There are a number of municipal, provincial and federal <a href="/wiki/Roads_in_Pakistan" title="Roads in Pakistan">roads</a> that serve Lahore. <ul><li>Municipal roads <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canal_Road,_Lahore" class="mw-redirect" title="Canal Road, Lahore">Canal Road</a> – serves as the major north–south artery</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provincial_Highways_of_Punjab" class="mw-redirect" title="Provincial Highways of Punjab">Provincial highways</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lahore_Ring_Road" title="Lahore Ring Road">Lahore Ring Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lahore%E2%80%93Kasur_Road" title="Lahore–Kasur Road">Lahore–Kasur Road</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ferozepur_Road" class="mw-redirect" title="Ferozepur Road">Ferozepur Road</a>)</li> <li>Lahore–Raiwind Road (Raiwind Road)</li> <li>Lahore–Sharaqpur Road (Sagianwala Bypass Road)</li> <li>Lahore–Wagah Road</li> <li>Grand Trunk Road (G.T Road )</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roads_in_Pakistan#Federal_roads" title="Roads in Pakistan">Federal highways</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/M-2_motorway_(Pakistan)" title="M-2 motorway (Pakistan)">M-2 motorway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M3_motorway_(Pakistan)" class="mw-redirect" title="M3 motorway (Pakistan)">M-3 motorway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M11_motorway_(Pakistan)" class="mw-redirect" title="M11 motorway (Pakistan)">M-11 motorway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N-5_National_Highway" title="N-5 National Highway">N-5 National Highway</a> (Multan Road)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/N-60_National_Highway" class="mw-redirect" title="N-60 National Highway">N-60 National Highway</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sargodha" title="Sargodha">Sargodha</a>–Lahore road)</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Government">Government</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lahore&action=edit&section=53" title="Edit section: Government">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Metropolitan_Corporation">Metropolitan Corporation</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lahore&action=edit&section=54" title="Edit section: Metropolitan Corporation">edit</a>]</div> Under Punjab Local Government Act 2013, Lahore is a <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_area" title="Metropolitan area">metropolitan area</a> under the authority of the Metropolitan Corporation Lahore.<a href="#cite_note-215">[209]</a> The Metropolitan Corporation Lahore is a body consisting of nine deputy mayors (one from each zone in the district) and the city's mayor – all of whom are elected in popular elections. The Metropolitan Corporation approves zoning and land use, coordinates urban design and planning, sets environmental protection laws, and provides municipal services. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Mayor">Mayor</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lahore&action=edit&section=55" title="Edit section: Mayor">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_Lahore" title="Mayor of Lahore">Mayor of Lahore</a></div> As per the Punjab Local Government Act 2013, the <a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_Lahore" title="Mayor of Lahore">Mayor of Lahore</a> is the elected head of the Metropolitan Corporation of Lahore. The mayor is directly elected in municipal elections every four years alongside 9 deputy <a href="/wiki/List_of_towns_in_Lahore" title="List of towns in Lahore">town</a> mayors. Mubashir Javed of the <a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Muslim_League_(N)" title="Pakistan Muslim League (N)">Pakistan Muslim League (N)</a> was elected mayor of Lahore in 2016. The mayor is responsible for the administration of government services, the composition of councils and committees overseeing <a href="/wiki/Lahore_District" title="Lahore District">Lahore City District</a> departments and serves as the chairperson for the meeting of the Lahore Council. The mayor also functions to help devise long-term development plans in consultation with other stakeholders and bodies to improve the condition, livability, and sustainability of urban areas. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Neighbourhoods">Neighbourhoods</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lahore&action=edit&section=56" title="Edit section: Neighbourhoods">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/List_of_zones_in_Lahore" class="mw-redirect" title="List of zones in Lahore">List of zones in Lahore</a></div> <a href="/wiki/Lahore_District" title="Lahore District">Lahore District</a> is a subdivision of the Punjab, and is further divided into 9 administrative zones.<a href="#cite_note-NRB2-216">[210]</a> Each town in turn consists of a group of union councils, of which there are 274 total.<a href="#cite_note-NRB3-217">[211]</a> <table class="toccolours" style="margin:0 auto; backgrond:none;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="padding-right:1em;"> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Tehsils" class="mw-redirect" title="Tehsils">Tehsils</a> of <a href="/wiki/Lahore_District" title="Lahore District">Lahore District</a></dt></dl> <ol> <li><a href="/wiki/Ravi_Town" title="Ravi Town">Ravi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shalimar,_Lahore" class="mw-redirect" title="Shalimar, Lahore">Shalimar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wagha" class="mw-redirect" title="Wagha">Wagha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aziz_Bhatti_Town" title="Aziz Bhatti Town">Aziz Bhatti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Data_Gunj_Buksh_Town" class="mw-redirect" title="Data Gunj Buksh Town">Data Gunj Buksh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulberg,_Lahore" title="Gulberg, Lahore">Gulberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samanabad_Town" title="Samanabad Town">Samanabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iqbal_Town,_Lahore" title="Iqbal Town, Lahore">Iqbal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nishtar_Town" title="Nishtar Town">Nishtar</a></li> A. <a href="/wiki/Lahore_Cantonment" title="Lahore Cantonment">Cantonment</a> </ol> </td> <td style="background:white; padding:0 1em;" class="toccolours"><a href="/wiki/File:Lahore-Administrative_towns.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Lahore-Administrative_towns.png/350px-Lahore-Administrative_towns.png" decoding="async" width="350" height="224" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Lahore-Administrative_towns.png/525px-Lahore-Administrative_towns.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Lahore-Administrative_towns.png/700px-Lahore-Administrative_towns.png 2x" data-file-width="2811" data-file-height="1799" /></a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Politics">Politics</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lahore&action=edit&section=57" title="Edit section: Politics">edit</a>]</div> The 2015 local government elections for <a href="/wiki/Union_councils_of_Pakistan" title="Union councils of Pakistan">Union Councils</a> in Lahore yielded the following results:<a href="#cite_note-218">[212]</a> <div class="PieChartTemplate thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:202px"> <div class="mw-no-invert" style="background-color:white;margin:auto;position:relative;width:200px;height:200px;overflow:hidden;border-radius:100px;border:1px solid black;transform:scaleX(-1)rotate(-90deg)"> <div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 1987.7609902728px; border-left-color:#000000"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:#000000"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:#000000"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 1323.7769652808px; border-left-color:#713A7A"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:#713A7A"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:#713A7A"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 272.37868371332px; border-left-color:#a6caf0"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:#a6caf0"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:#a6caf0"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 67.959929822453px; border-left-color:green"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:green"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:green"></div> </div> <div class="thumbcaption"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Muslim_League_(N)" title="Pakistan Muslim League (N)">PML(N)</a> (84.5%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Independents (9.9%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Tehreek-e-Insaf" title="Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf">PTI</a> (4.4%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Peoples_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Pakistan Peoples Party">PPP</a> (0.4%)</div> </div> </div></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th style="background:var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0);color:inherit;background:linear-gradient(to top right,var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0) 49%,var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1) 49.5%,var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1) 50.5%,var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0) 51%);line-height:1.2;padding:0.1em 0.4em;"><div style="margin-left:2em;text-align:right">MCL/Zones</div><div style="margin-right:2em;text-align:left">Parties</div> </th> <th>UC seats </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Muslim_League_(N)" title="Pakistan Muslim League (N)">Pakistan Muslim League (N)</a> </td> <td>229 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Independents </td> <td>27 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Tehreek-e-Insaf" title="Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf">Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf</a> </td> <td>12 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Peoples_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Pakistan Peoples Party">Pakistan Peoples Party</a> </td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Awaiting results </td> <td>*5 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Total </td> <td>274 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Festivals">Festivals</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lahore&action=edit&section=58" title="Edit section: Festivals">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:In_March_2015_the_Spring_start._Canal_get_decorated._it_feels_amazing._Canal_Bridge_Jail_Road,_Lahore.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/In_March_2015_the_Spring_start._Canal_get_decorated._it_feels_amazing._Canal_Bridge_Jail_Road%2C_Lahore.JPG/220px-In_March_2015_the_Spring_start._Canal_get_decorated._it_feels_amazing._Canal_Bridge_Jail_Road%2C_Lahore.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/In_March_2015_the_Spring_start._Canal_get_decorated._it_feels_amazing._Canal_Bridge_Jail_Road%2C_Lahore.JPG/330px-In_March_2015_the_Spring_start._Canal_get_decorated._it_feels_amazing._Canal_Bridge_Jail_Road%2C_Lahore.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/In_March_2015_the_Spring_start._Canal_get_decorated._it_feels_amazing._Canal_Bridge_Jail_Road%2C_Lahore.JPG/440px-In_March_2015_the_Spring_start._Canal_get_decorated._it_feels_amazing._Canal_Bridge_Jail_Road%2C_Lahore.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Lahore_Canal" title="Lahore Canal">Lahore Canal</a> during the spring <a href="/wiki/Basant_Kite_Festival" class="mw-redirect" title="Basant Kite Festival">Basant</a> festival</figcaption></figure> The people of Lahore <a href="/wiki/Festivals_in_Lahore" title="Festivals in Lahore">celebrate many festivals</a> and events throughout the year, including Islamic, traditional Punjabi, Christian, and national holidays and festivals. Some people decorate their houses and light candles to illuminate the streets and houses during public holidays; roads and businesses may be lit for days. Many of Lahore's dozens of <a href="/wiki/Sufism" title="Sufism">Sufi</a> shrines hold annual festivals called <a href="/wiki/Urs" title="Urs">urs</a> to honour their respective saints. For example, the mausoleum of <a href="/wiki/Ali_Hujwiri" class="mw-redirect" title="Ali Hujwiri">Ali Hujwiri</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Data_Darbar" title="Data Darbar">Data Darbar</a> shrine has an annual urs that attracts up to one million visitors per year.<a href="#cite_note-linus-219">[213]</a> The popular <a href="/wiki/Mela_Chiraghan" title="Mela Chiraghan">Mela Chiraghan</a> festival in Lahore takes place at the shrine of <a href="/wiki/Madho_Lal_Hussain" class="mw-redirect" title="Madho Lal Hussain">Madho Lal Hussain</a>, while other large urs take place at the shrines of <a href="/wiki/Bibi_Pak_Daman" title="Bibi Pak Daman">Bibi Pak Daman</a>, and at the <a href="/wiki/Shrine_of_Mian_Mir" title="Shrine of Mian Mir">Shrine of Mian Mir</a>.<a href="#cite_note-220">[214]</a> <a href="/wiki/Eid_ul-Fitr" class="mw-redirect" title="Eid ul-Fitr">Eid ul-Fitr</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eid_ul-Adha" class="mw-redirect" title="Eid ul-Adha">Eid ul-Adha</a> are celebrated in the city with public buildings and shopping centers decorated in lights. The people of Lahore also commemorate the martyrdom of <a href="/wiki/Imam_Husain" class="mw-redirect" title="Imam Husain">Imam Husain</a> at <a href="/wiki/Karbala" title="Karbala">Karbala</a> with massive processions that take place during the first ten days of the month of <a href="/wiki/Muharram" title="Muharram">Muharram</a>.<a href="#cite_note-221">[215]</a> <a href="/wiki/Basant_(season)" class="mw-redirect" title="Basant (season)">Basant</a> is a traditional <a href="/wiki/Punjabi_culture" title="Punjabi culture">Punjabi</a> festival that marks the coming of spring. Basant celebrations in Pakistan are centered in Lahore, and people from all over the country and abroad come to the city for the annual festivities. <a href="/wiki/Kite" title="Kite">Kite</a>-flying competitions traditionally take place on city rooftops during Basant, while the <a href="/wiki/Lahore_Canal" title="Lahore Canal">Lahore Canal</a> is decorated with floating lanterns. Courts have banned kite-flying because of casualties and power installation losses. The ban was lifted for two days in 2007, then immediately reimposed when 11 people were killed by <a href="/wiki/Celebratory_gunfire" title="Celebratory gunfire">celebratory gunfire</a>, sharp kite-strings, electrocution, and falls related to the competition.<a href="#cite_note-222">[216]</a> Lahore's churches are elaborately decorated for <a href="/wiki/Christmas" title="Christmas">Christmas</a> and <a href="/wiki/Easter" title="Easter">Easter</a> celebrations.<a href="#cite_note-223">[217]</a> Shopping centers and public buildings also feature Christmas installations to celebrate the holiday, even though Christians only constitute 5.1% of the total population of Lahore in 2024. <a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Lahore" title="Religion in Lahore">Religion in Lahore</a><a href="#cite_note-224">[218]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tourism">Tourism</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lahore&action=edit&section=59" title="Edit section: Tourism">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Lahore" class="mw-redirect" title="Tourism in Lahore">Tourism in Lahore</a></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 228px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 226px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Wazir_Khan_Mosque_by_Moiz.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wazir Khan Mosque"><img alt="Wazir Khan Mosque" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Wazir_Khan_Mosque_by_Moiz.jpg/339px-Wazir_Khan_Mosque_by_Moiz.jpg" decoding="async" width="226" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Wazir_Khan_Mosque_by_Moiz.jpg/509px-Wazir_Khan_Mosque_by_Moiz.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Wazir_Khan_Mosque_by_Moiz.jpg/678px-Wazir_Khan_Mosque_by_Moiz.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5596" data-file-height="3718" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Wazir_Khan_Mosque" title="Wazir Khan Mosque">Wazir Khan Mosque</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 240.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 238.66666666667px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Night_View_of_Badshahi_Mosque_(King%E2%80%99s_Mosque).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Badshahi Mosque"><img alt="Badshahi Mosque" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Night_View_of_Badshahi_Mosque_%28King%E2%80%99s_Mosque%29.jpg/358px-Night_View_of_Badshahi_Mosque_%28King%E2%80%99s_Mosque%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="239" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Night_View_of_Badshahi_Mosque_%28King%E2%80%99s_Mosque%29.jpg/538px-Night_View_of_Badshahi_Mosque_%28King%E2%80%99s_Mosque%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Night_View_of_Badshahi_Mosque_%28King%E2%80%99s_Mosque%29.jpg/717px-Night_View_of_Badshahi_Mosque_%28King%E2%80%99s_Mosque%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5215" data-file-height="3276" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Badshahi_Mosque" title="Badshahi Mosque">Badshahi Mosque</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 104.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 102.66666666667px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Lahore_Fort.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Lahore Fort (Shahi Qila)"><img alt="Lahore Fort (Shahi Qila)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Lahore_Fort.jpg/154px-Lahore_Fort.jpg" decoding="async" width="103" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Lahore_Fort.jpg/231px-Lahore_Fort.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Lahore_Fort.jpg/307px-Lahore_Fort.jpg 2x" data-file-width="511" data-file-height="748" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Lahore_Fort" title="Lahore Fort">Lahore Fort</a> (Shahi Qila)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 202px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 200px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Minar_e_Pakistan_night_image.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Minar-e-Pakistan at night"><img alt="Minar-e-Pakistan at night" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Minar_e_Pakistan_night_image.jpg/300px-Minar_e_Pakistan_night_image.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Minar_e_Pakistan_night_image.jpg/451px-Minar_e_Pakistan_night_image.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Minar_e_Pakistan_night_image.jpg/600px-Minar_e_Pakistan_night_image.jpg 2x" data-file-width="824" data-file-height="618" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Minar-e-Pakistan" title="Minar-e-Pakistan">Minar-e-Pakistan</a> at night</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 308.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 306.66666666667px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Reflection_of_Farah_Baksh_Terrace_(Upper_Terrace)_main_building.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Shalimar Gardens"><img alt="Shalimar Gardens" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Reflection_of_Farah_Baksh_Terrace_%28Upper_Terrace%29_main_building.jpg/460px-Reflection_of_Farah_Baksh_Terrace_%28Upper_Terrace%29_main_building.jpg" decoding="async" width="307" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Reflection_of_Farah_Baksh_Terrace_%28Upper_Terrace%29_main_building.jpg/690px-Reflection_of_Farah_Baksh_Terrace_%28Upper_Terrace%29_main_building.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Reflection_of_Farah_Baksh_Terrace_%28Upper_Terrace%29_main_building.jpg/919px-Reflection_of_Farah_Baksh_Terrace_%28Upper_Terrace%29_main_building.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5999" data-file-height="2940" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Shalimar_Gardens,_Lahore" title="Shalimar Gardens, Lahore">Shalimar Gardens</a></div> </li> </ul> Lahore remains a major tourist destination in Pakistan. The <a href="/wiki/Walled_City_of_Lahore" title="Walled City of Lahore">Walled City of Lahore</a> was renovated in 2014 and is popular due to the presence of <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a> <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">World Heritage Sites</a>.<a href="#cite_note-225">[219]</a> Among the most popular sights are the <a href="/wiki/Lahore_Fort" title="Lahore Fort">Lahore Fort</a>, adjacent to the Walled City, and home to the <a href="/wiki/Sheesh_Mahal_(Lahore)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sheesh Mahal (Lahore)">Sheesh Mahal</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Alamgiri_Gate" class="mw-redirect" title="Alamgiri Gate">Alamgiri Gate</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Naulakha_pavilion" class="mw-redirect" title="Naulakha pavilion">Naulakha pavilion</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Moti_Masjid_(Lahore)" class="mw-redirect" title="Moti Masjid (Lahore)">Moti Masjid</a>. The fort and adjoining <a href="/wiki/Shalimar_Gardens,_Lahore" title="Shalimar Gardens, Lahore">Shalimar Gardens</a> have been a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1981.<a href="#cite_note-226">[220]</a> The city is home to several ancient religious sites, including prominent Hindu temples: the <a href="/wiki/Krishna_Mandir_demolition_reports" class="mw-redirect" title="Krishna Mandir demolition reports">Krishna Temple</a> and <a href="/wiki/Valmiki_Mandir,_Lahore" class="mw-redirect" title="Valmiki Mandir, Lahore">Valmiki Mandir</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Samadhi_of_Ranjit_Singh" title="Samadhi of Ranjit Singh">Samadhi of Ranjit Singh</a>, also located near the Walled City, houses the <a href="/wiki/Urn" title="Urn">funerary urns</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Sikh" class="mw-redirect" title="Sikh">Sikh</a> ruler <a href="/wiki/Maharaja_Ranjit_Singh_(Punjab)" class="mw-redirect" title="Maharaja Ranjit Singh (Punjab)">Maharaja Ranjit Singh</a>. The most prominent religious building is the <a href="/wiki/Badshahi_Mosque" title="Badshahi Mosque">Badshahi Mosque</a>, constructed in 1673; it was the largest mosque in the world upon construction. Another popular sight is the <a href="/wiki/Wazir_Khan_Mosque" title="Wazir Khan Mosque">Wazir Khan Mosque</a>,<a href="#cite_note-227">[221]</a> constructed in 1635 and known for its extensive faience tile work.<a href="#cite_note-228">[222]</a> Whereas the Walled City reflects Lahore's historic grandeur, Defence Raya Golf Resort contributes to the city’s modern side, showcasing its rapid urban development and modern lifestyles. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cuisine">Cuisine</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lahore&action=edit&section=60" title="Edit section: Cuisine">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Lahori_cuisine" title="Lahori cuisine">Lahori cuisine</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religious_sites">Religious sites</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lahore&action=edit&section=61" title="Edit section: Religious sites">edit</a>]</div> Well-known religious sites in the city include: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Badshahi_Mosque" title="Badshahi Mosque">Badshahi Mosque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dai_Anga_Mosque" title="Dai Anga Mosque">Dai Anga Mosque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madho_Lal_Hussain" class="mw-redirect" title="Madho Lal Hussain">Darbar Madho Lal Hussain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Data_Durbar_Complex" class="mw-redirect" title="Data Durbar Complex">Data Darbar Complex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Jamia_Mosque,_Lahore" title="Grand Jamia Mosque, Lahore">Grand Jamia Mosque, Lahore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gurdwara_Dera_Sahib" title="Gurdwara Dera Sahib">Gurdwara Dera Sahib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gurdwara_Janam_Asthan_Guru_Ram_Das" title="Gurdwara Janam Asthan Guru Ram Das">Gurdwara Janam Asthan Guru Ram Das</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krishna_Mandir,_Lahore" title="Krishna Mandir, Lahore">Krishna Mandir, Lahore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lava_Temple" title="Lava Temple">Lava Temple</a></li> <li>Lohari Gate Mosque</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masjid_of_Mariyam_Zamani" class="mw-redirect" title="Masjid of Mariyam Zamani">Masjid of Mariyam Zamani</a></li> <li>Masjid Shuhada</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moti_Masjid_(Lahore_Fort)" title="Moti Masjid (Lahore Fort)">Moti Masjid (Lahore Fort)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saleh_Kamboh_Mosque" title="Saleh Kamboh Mosque">Muhammad Saleh Kamboh Mosque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neevin_Mosque" title="Neevin Mosque">Neevin Mosque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oonchi_Mosque" title="Oonchi Mosque">Oonchi Mosque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacred_Heart_Cathedral,_Lahore" title="Sacred Heart Cathedral, Lahore">Sacred Heart Cathedral, Lahore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shab_Bhar_Mosque" title="Shab Bhar Mosque">Shab Bhar Mosque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaheed_Ganj_Mosque" title="Shaheed Ganj Mosque">Shaheed Ganj Mosque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Andrew%27s_Church,_Lahore" title="St. Andrew's Church, Lahore">St. Andrew's Presbyterian Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suneri_Mosque" class="mw-redirect" title="Suneri Mosque">Suneri Mosque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valmiki_Temple" class="mw-redirect" title="Valmiki Temple">Valmiki Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wazir_Khan_Mosque" title="Wazir Khan Mosque">Wazir Khan Mosque</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Museums">Museums</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lahore&action=edit&section=62" title="Edit section: Museums">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Army_Museum_Lahore" title="Army Museum Lahore">Army Museum Lahore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fakir_Khana" title="Fakir Khana">Fakir Khana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_Summit_Minar" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic Summit Minar">Islamic Summit Minar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Javed_Manzil" title="Javed Manzil">Javed Manzil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lahore_Museum" title="Lahore Museum">Lahore Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_History_Museum_(Lahore)" title="National History Museum (Lahore)">National History Museum</a></li> <li>House of NANNA's by Dr. Ejaz Anwar</li> <li>Como Museum of Art</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_Science_and_Technology,_Lahore" class="mw-redirect" title="National Museum of Science and Technology, Lahore">National Museum of Science and Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shakir_Ali_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="Shakir Ali Museum">Shakir Ali Museum</a></li> <li>Tollinton Market-Lahore City Heritage Museum</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tombs">Tombs</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lahore&action=edit&section=63" title="Edit section: Tombs">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tomb_of_Ali_Mardan_Khan" title="Tomb of Ali Mardan Khan">Tomb of Ali Mardan Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomb_of_Allama_Iqbal" title="Tomb of Allama Iqbal">Tomb of Allama Iqbal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomb_of_Anarkali" title="Tomb of Anarkali">Tomb of Anarkali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomb_of_Asif_Khan" title="Tomb of Asif Khan">Tomb of Asif Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomb_of_Dai_Anga" title="Tomb of Dai Anga">Tomb of Dai Anga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomb_of_Jani_Khan" title="Tomb of Jani Khan">Tomb of Jani Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomb_of_Jahangir" title="Tomb of Jahangir">Tomb of Jahangir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomb_of_Nadira_Begum" title="Tomb of Nadira Begum">Tomb of Nadira Begum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomb_of_Nur_Jahan" title="Tomb of Nur Jahan">Tomb of Nur Jahan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomb_of_Dai_Anga" title="Tomb of Dai Anga">Tomb of Dai Anga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhu%27s_Tomb" title="Buddhu's Tomb">Buddhu's Tomb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cypress_Tomb" title="Cypress Tomb">Cypress Tomb</a> or Sarowala Maqbara</li> <li>Tomb of <a href="/wiki/Zeb-un-Nissa" title="Zeb-un-Nissa">Zeb-un-Nissa</a> Begum</li> <li>Tomb of <a href="/wiki/Gulbahar_Begum" title="Gulbahar Begum">Gul Begum</a></li> <li>Tomb of <a href="/wiki/Malik_Ayaz" title="Malik Ayaz">Malik Ayaz</a></li> <li>Kuri Bagh</li> <li>Mai Dai</li> <li>Mian Khan</li> <li>Nusrat Khan</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parviz_Mirza" title="Parviz Mirza">Prince Pervez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qutb-ud-din_Aibak" class="mw-redirect" title="Qutb-ud-din Aibak">Qutb-ud-din Aibak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saleh_Kamboh" class="mw-redirect" title="Saleh Kamboh">Saleh Kamboh</a></li> <li>Mir Niamat Khan</li> <li>Rasul Shahyun</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomb_of_Khan-e-Jahan_Bahadur_Kokaltash" title="Tomb of Khan-e-Jahan Bahadur Kokaltash">Zafar Jang Kokaltash</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Shrines">Shrines</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lahore&action=edit&section=64" title="Edit section: Shrines">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bibi_Pak_Daman" title="Bibi Pak Daman">Bibi Pak Daman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Hujwiri" class="mw-redirect" title="Ali Hujwiri">Ali Hujwiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mian_Mir" title="Mian Mir">Mian Mir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madho_Lal_Hussain" class="mw-redirect" title="Madho Lal Hussain">Madho Lal Hussain</a></li> <li>Khawaja Tahir Bandgi</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghazi_Ilm_Din_Shaheed" class="mw-redirect" title="Ghazi Ilm Din Shaheed">Ghazi Ilm Din Shaheed</a></li> <li>Sheikh Musa Ahangar</li> <li>Khawaja Mehmud</li> <li>Nizam-ud-Din</li> <li>Siraj-ud-Din Gilani</li> <li>Peer Makki</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baba_Shah_Jamal" title="Baba Shah Jamal">Baba Shah Jamal</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Samadhis">Samadhis</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lahore&action=edit&section=65" title="Edit section: Samadhis">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>Bhai Vasti Ram</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samadhi_of_Ranjit_Singh" title="Samadhi of Ranjit Singh">Ranjit Singh</a></li> <li>Samadhi of <a href="/wiki/Bhai_Mani_Singh" title="Bhai Mani Singh">Bhai Mani Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganga_Ram" title="Ganga Ram">Sir Ganga Ram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhai_Taru_Singh" title="Bhai Taru Singh">Bhai Taru Singh</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Havelis">Havelis</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lahore&action=edit&section=66" title="Edit section: Havelis">edit</a>]</div> There are many <a href="/wiki/Haveli" title="Haveli">havelis</a> inside the Walled City of Lahore, some in good condition while others need urgent attention. Many of these havelis are fine examples of <a href="/wiki/Mughal_architecture" title="Mughal architecture">Mughal</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sikh" class="mw-redirect" title="Sikh">Sikh</a> architecture. Some of the havelis inside the Walled City include: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ul><li>Chuna Mandi Havelis</li> <li>Dina Nath Ki Haveli</li> <li>Haveli Barood Khana</li> <li>Haveli Mian Khan (Rang Mehal)</li> <li>Haveli of Nau Nihal Singh</li> <li>Haveli Shergharian (near Lal Khou)</li> <li>Haveli Sir Wajid Ali Shah (near Nisar Haveli)</li> <li>Lal Haveli beside Mochi Bagh</li> <li>Mubarak Begum Haveli – Bhatti Gate</li> <li>Mubarak Haveli – Chowk Nawab Sahib, Mochi/Akbari Gate</li> <li>Mughal Haveli (residence of Maharaja Ranjeet Singh)</li> <li>Nisar Haveli</li> <li>Salman Sirhindi ki Haveli</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_landmarks">Other landmarks</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lahore&action=edit&section=67" title="Edit section: Other landmarks">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shahi_Hammam" title="Shahi Hammam">Shahi Hammam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alhamra_Arts_Council" title="Alhamra Arts Council">Alhamra Art Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lahore_Fort" title="Lahore Fort">Lahore Royal Fort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Iqbal_Park" title="Greater Iqbal Park">Greater Iqbal Park</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Historic_neighbourhoods">Historic neighbourhoods</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lahore&action=edit&section=68" title="Edit section: Historic neighbourhoods">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anarkali_Bazaar" title="Anarkali Bazaar">Anarkali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Badami_Bagh_railway_station" title="Badami Bagh railway station">Badami Bagh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baghbanpura" title="Baghbanpura">Baghbanpura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Begampura" title="Begampura">Begampura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heera_Mandi" title="Heera Mandi">Heera Mandi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mughalpura" class="mw-redirect" title="Mughalpura">Mughalpura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shahdara_Bagh" title="Shahdara Bagh">Shahdara Bagh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walled_City_of_Lahore" title="Walled City of Lahore">Walled City of Lahore</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lahore&action=edit&section=69" title="Edit section: Education">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Education_in_Lahore" title="Education in Lahore">Education in Lahore</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_educational_institutions_in_Lahore" title="List of educational institutions in Lahore">List of educational institutions in Lahore</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_special_schools_in_Lahore" class="mw-redirect" title="List of special schools in Lahore">List of special schools in Lahore</a>, and <a href="/wiki/List_of_libraries_in_Lahore" title="List of libraries in Lahore">List of libraries in Lahore</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Government_College_University_Tower_in_Lahore.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Government_College_University_Tower_in_Lahore.jpg/170px-Government_College_University_Tower_in_Lahore.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Government_College_University_Tower_in_Lahore.jpg/255px-Government_College_University_Tower_in_Lahore.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Government_College_University_Tower_in_Lahore.jpg/340px-Government_College_University_Tower_in_Lahore.jpg 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="1280" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Government_College_University_(Lahore)" class="mw-redirect" title="Government College University (Lahore)">Government College University</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:King_edward_medical_university_front_gate.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/King_edward_medical_university_front_gate.jpg/220px-King_edward_medical_university_front_gate.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/King_edward_medical_university_front_gate.jpg/330px-King_edward_medical_university_front_gate.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/King_edward_medical_university_front_gate.jpg/440px-King_edward_medical_university_front_gate.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4607" data-file-height="3455" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/King_Edward_Medical_University" title="King Edward Medical University">King Edward Medical University</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mainblock2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Mainblock2.jpg/220px-Mainblock2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="104" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Mainblock2.jpg/330px-Mainblock2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Mainblock2.jpg/440px-Mainblock2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="10720" data-file-height="5089" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/University_of_Engineering_and_Technology,_Lahore" title="University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore">University of Engineering and Technology</a>, Main Block</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Punjab_university_Art_%26_Design_Dept.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Punjab_university_Art_%26_Design_Dept.jpg/170px-Punjab_university_Art_%26_Design_Dept.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="254" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Punjab_university_Art_%26_Design_Dept.jpg/255px-Punjab_university_Art_%26_Design_Dept.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Punjab_university_Art_%26_Design_Dept.jpg/340px-Punjab_university_Art_%26_Design_Dept.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="3872" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/University_of_the_Punjab" title="University of the Punjab">University of the Punjab</a>, Old Campus</figcaption></figure> Lahore is known as Pakistan's educational capital,[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] with more colleges and universities than any other city in Pakistan. The literacy rate of Lahore is 74%. The city is Pakistan's largest producer of professionals in the fields of science, technology, IT, law, engineering, medicine, nuclear sciences, pharmacology, telecommunication, biotechnology, microelectronics, and nanotechnology, and has the only future hyper high-tech center[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify">clarification needed</a>] in Pakistan.<a href="#cite_note-229">[223]</a> Most of the reputable universities are public, but in recent years there has also been an upsurge in the number of private universities. Lahore University of Management Sciences (LUMS) is the only <a href="/wiki/Association_to_Advance_Collegiate_Schools_of_Business" title="Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business">AACSB</a> accredited business school in Pakistan. Lahore hosts some of Pakistan's oldest and best educational institutes, including: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aitchison_College" title="Aitchison College">Aitchison College</a>, established in 1886</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beaconhouse_National_University" title="Beaconhouse National University">Beaconhouse National University</a>, established in 2003</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Model_School,_Lahore" title="Central Model School, Lahore">Central Model School</a>, established in 1883</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crescent_Model_Higher_Secondary_School" title="Crescent Model Higher Secondary School">Crescent Model Higher Secondary School</a>, established in 1968</li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Home_Economics_Lahore" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Home Economics Lahore">College of Home Economics</a>, established in 1955</li> <li><a href="/wiki/College_of_Statistical_and_Actuarial_Sciences" title="College of Statistical and Actuarial Sciences">College of Statistical and Actuarial Sciences</a>, established in 1950</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convent_of_Jesus_and_Mary,_Lahore" title="Convent of Jesus and Mary, Lahore">Convent of Jesus and Mary</a>, established in 1867</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dayal_Singh_College_(Lahore)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dayal Singh College (Lahore)">Dayal Singh College</a>, established in 1910</li> <li><a href="/wiki/De%27Montmorency_College_of_Dentistry" title="De'Montmorency College of Dentistry">De'Montmorency College of Dentistry</a>, established in 1929</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fatima_Jinnah_Medical_University" title="Fatima Jinnah Medical University">Fatima Jinnah Medical University</a>, established in 1948</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forman_Christian_College" title="Forman Christian College">Forman Christian College</a>, established in 1864</li> <li><a href="/wiki/GC_University,_Lahore" class="mw-redirect" title="GC University, Lahore">Government College University, Lahore</a>, established in 1864</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hailey_College_of_Commerce" title="Hailey College of Commerce">Hailey College of Commerce</a>, established in 1927</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamia_College_(Lahore)" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamia College (Lahore)">Islamia College</a>, established in 1892</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamia_Ashrafia" title="Jamia Ashrafia">Jamia Ashrafia</a>, established in 1947</li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_Edward_Medical_University" title="King Edward Medical University">King Edward Medical University</a>, established in 1860</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kinnaird_College_for_Women_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Kinnaird College for Women University">Kinnaird College for Women University</a>, established in 1913</li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Education" title="University of Education">Lady Maclagan Training College</a>, established in 1933</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lady_Willingdon_Hospital" title="Lady Willingdon Hospital">Lady Willingdon Nursing School</a>, established in 1933</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lahore_College_for_Women_University" title="Lahore College for Women University">Lahore College for Women University</a>, established in 1922</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lahore_Garrison_University" title="Lahore Garrison University">Lahore Garrison University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lahore_Grammar_School" title="Lahore Grammar School">Lahore Grammar School</a>, established in 1979</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lahore_Medical_and_Dental_College" class="mw-redirect" title="Lahore Medical and Dental College">Lahore Medical and Dental College</a>, established in 1997</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lahore_School_of_Economics" title="Lahore School of Economics">Lahore School of Economics</a>, established in 1993</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lahore_University_of_Management_Sciences" title="Lahore University of Management Sciences">Lahore University of Management Sciences</a>, established in 1986</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Govt._M.A.O_College_Lahore" class="mw-redirect" title="Govt. M.A.O College Lahore">M.A.O College</a>, established in 1933</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muslim_Model_High_School,_Lahore" title="Muslim Model High School, Lahore">Muslim Model High School</a>, established in 1890</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_College_of_Arts" title="National College of Arts">National College of Arts</a>, established in 1875</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oriental_College" title="Oriental College">Oriental College</a>, established in 1876</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Institute_of_Fashion_and_Design" title="Pakistan Institute of Fashion and Design">Pakistan Institute of Fashion and Design</a>, established in 1994</li> <li><a href="/wiki/PakTurk_International_Schools_and_Colleges" class="mw-redirect" title="PakTurk International Schools and Colleges">PakTurk International Schools and Colleges</a>, established in 2006</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Mary_College,_Lahore" title="Queen Mary College, Lahore">Queen Mary College</a>, established in 1908</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacred_Heart_High_School_for_Girls" class="mw-redirect" title="Sacred Heart High School for Girls">Sacred Heart High School</a>, established in 1906</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaikh_Khalifa_Bin_Zayed_Al-Nahyan_Medical_and_Dental_College" title="Shaikh Khalifa Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Medical and Dental College">Shaikh Khalifa Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Medical and Dental College</a>, established in 2009</li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Anthony%27s_High_School_(Lahore)" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Anthony's High School (Lahore)">St. Anthony's High School</a>, established in 1892</li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Francis_High_School,_Lahore" class="mw-redirect" title="St Francis High School, Lahore">St. Francis High School</a>, established in 1842</li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_College_of_Pharmacy" class="mw-redirect" title="University College of Pharmacy">University College of Pharmacy</a>, established in 1944</li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_the_Punjab" title="University of the Punjab">University Law College</a>, established in 1868</li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Central_Punjab" title="University of Central Punjab">University of Central Punjab</a>, established in 2002</li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Education" title="University of Education">University of Education</a>, established in 2002</li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Engineering_and_Technology,_Lahore" title="University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore">University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore</a>, established in 1921</li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Health_Sciences,_Lahore" title="University of Health Sciences, Lahore">University of Health Sciences, Lahore</a>, established in 2002</li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Lahore" title="University of Lahore">University of Lahore</a>, established in 1999</li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Management_and_Technology_(Lahore)" title="University of Management and Technology (Lahore)">University of Management and Technology (Lahore)</a>, established in 2002</li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_the_Punjab" title="University of the Punjab">University of the Punjab</a>, established in 1882</li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Veterinary_and_Animal_Sciences" title="University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences">University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences</a>, established in 1882</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_people">Notable people</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lahore&action=edit&section=70" title="Edit section: Notable people">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_Lahore" title="List of people from Lahore">List of people from Lahore</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sports">Sports</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lahore&action=edit&section=71" title="Edit section: Sports">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_sports_venues_in_Lahore" title="List of sports venues in Lahore">List of sports venues in Lahore</a></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerycaption">Sports venues</li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 202px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 200px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Gaddafi_stadium_lahore.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Gaddafi Stadium is one of the largest stadiums of Pakistan, with a capacity of 27,000 spectators."><img alt="Gaddafi Stadium is one of the largest stadiums of Pakistan, with a capacity of 27,000 spectators." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Gaddafi_stadium_lahore.jpg/300px-Gaddafi_stadium_lahore.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Gaddafi_stadium_lahore.jpg/451px-Gaddafi_stadium_lahore.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Gaddafi_stadium_lahore.jpg/600px-Gaddafi_stadium_lahore.jpg 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="540" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Gaddafi_Stadium" title="Gaddafi Stadium">Gaddafi Stadium</a> is one of the largest <a href="/wiki/List_of_stadiums_in_Pakistan" title="List of stadiums in Pakistan">stadiums of Pakistan</a>, with a capacity of 27,000 spectators.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 302px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 300px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Stadium_f.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Punjab Stadium"><img alt="Punjab Stadium" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Stadium_f.jpg/450px-Stadium_f.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ee/Stadium_f.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="597" data-file-height="299" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Punjab_Stadium" title="Punjab Stadium">Punjab Stadium</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 202px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 200px;"><a href="/wiki/File:HOCKEY_ARGENTINA_PAKISTAN.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pakistan playing against Argentina in 2005"><img alt="Pakistan playing against Argentina in 2005" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/HOCKEY_ARGENTINA_PAKISTAN.jpg/300px-HOCKEY_ARGENTINA_PAKISTAN.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/HOCKEY_ARGENTINA_PAKISTAN.jpg/451px-HOCKEY_ARGENTINA_PAKISTAN.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/HOCKEY_ARGENTINA_PAKISTAN.jpg/600px-HOCKEY_ARGENTINA_PAKISTAN.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Pakistan playing against <a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a> in 2005</div> </li> </ul> Lahore has successfully hosted many international sports events, including the finals of the <a href="/wiki/1990_Men%27s_Hockey_World_Cup" title="1990 Men's Hockey World Cup">1990 Men's Hockey World Cup</a> and the <a href="/wiki/1996_Cricket_World_Cup" title="1996 Cricket World Cup">1996 Cricket World Cup</a>. The headquarters of all major sports governing bodies in Pakistan are located in Lahore, including cricket, hockey, rugby, and football.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Lahore is also home to the head office of the <a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Olympic_Association" title="Pakistan Olympic Association">Pakistan Olympic Association</a>. <a href="/wiki/Gaddafi_Stadium" title="Gaddafi Stadium">Gaddafi Stadium</a> is a <a href="/wiki/List_of_Test_cricket_grounds" title="List of Test cricket grounds">Test cricket ground</a> in Lahore. It was completed in 1959, and renovations were carried out by Pakistani architect <a href="/wiki/Nayyar_Ali_Dada" title="Nayyar Ali Dada">Nayyar Ali Dada</a> in the 1990s. The multi purpose <a href="/wiki/Punjab_Stadium" title="Punjab Stadium">Punjab Stadium</a> located near the headquarters of the <a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Football_Federation" title="Pakistan Football Federation">Pakistan Football Federation</a>, is mainly used for <a href="/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">football</a> matches and has hosted several events including <a href="/wiki/AFC_President%27s_Cup" class="mw-redirect" title="AFC President's Cup">AFC President's Cup</a> and <a href="/wiki/FIFA_World_Cup_qualification" title="FIFA World Cup qualification">FIFA World Cup qualifiers</a>. Lahore is home to several <a href="/wiki/Golf" title="Golf">golf</a> courses, including the <a href="/wiki/Lahore_Gymkhana_Club" title="Lahore Gymkhana Club">Lahore Gymkhana Golf Course</a>, the Lahore Garrison Golf and Country Club, the Royal Palm Golf Club, and newly built Defence Raya Golf & Country Club. Lake City, a 9-hole course, opened in nearby <a href="/wiki/Raiwind" title="Raiwind">Raiwind</a> Road in 2011. The newly opened Oasis Golf and Aqua Resort is a state-of-the-art resort, featuring golf, water parks, and leisure activities like horse riding and archery. The <a href="/wiki/Lahore_Marathon" title="Lahore Marathon">Lahore Marathon</a> is part of an annual package of six international marathons sponsored by <a href="/wiki/Standard_Chartered_Bank" class="mw-redirect" title="Standard Chartered Bank">Standard Chartered Bank</a> across Asia, Africa, and the Middle East. More than 20,000 athletes from Pakistan and all over the world participate in this event. It was first held on 30 January 2005, and again on 29 January 2006. More than 22,000 people participated in the 2006 race. The third marathon was held on 14 January 2007.<a href="#cite_note-230">[224]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">failed verification</a>] Plans exist to build Pakistan's first sports city in Lahore, on the bank of the <a href="/wiki/Ravi_River" title="Ravi River">Ravi River</a>.<a href="#cite_note-231">[225]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS">better source needed</a>] <dl><dt>Professional sports teams from Lahore</dt></dl> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col">Club </th> <th scope="col">League </th> <th scope="col">Sport </th> <th scope="col">Venue </th> <th scope="col">Established </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="font-weight: normal; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Lahore_Qalandars" title="Lahore Qalandars">Lahore Qalandars</a> </th> <td>Abu Dhabi T20 Trophy </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cricket" title="Cricket">Cricket</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sheikh_Zayed_Cricket_Stadium" title="Sheikh Zayed Cricket Stadium">Sheikh Zayed Cricket Stadium</a> </td> <td>2018 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="font-weight: normal; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Lahore_Qalandars" title="Lahore Qalandars">Lahore Qalandars</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Super_League" title="Pakistan Super League">Pakistan Super League</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cricket" title="Cricket">Cricket</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gaddafi_Stadium" title="Gaddafi Stadium">Gaddafi Stadium</a> </td> <td>2015 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="font-weight: normal; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Lahore_Lions" title="Lahore Lions">Lahore Lions</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Haier_T20_Cup" class="mw-redirect" title="Haier T20 Cup">National T20 League</a>/<a href="/wiki/National_One-day_Championship" class="mw-redirect" title="National One-day Championship">National One-day Championship</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cricket" title="Cricket">Cricket</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gaddafi_Stadium" title="Gaddafi Stadium">Gaddafi Stadium</a> </td> <td>2004 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="font-weight: normal; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Lahore_Eagles" title="Lahore Eagles">Lahore Eagles</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Haier_T20_Cup" class="mw-redirect" title="Haier T20 Cup">National T20 League</a>/<a href="/wiki/National_One-day_Championship" class="mw-redirect" title="National One-day Championship">National One-day Championship</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cricket" title="Cricket">Cricket</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gaddafi_Stadium" title="Gaddafi Stadium">Gaddafi Stadium</a> </td> <td>2006 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="font-weight: normal; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Wohaib_FC" title="Wohaib FC">Wohaib</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/PFF_League" title="PFF League">PFF League</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">Football</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Punjab_Stadium" title="Punjab Stadium">Punjab Stadium</a> </td> <td>1982 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Twin_towns_and_sister_cities">Twin towns and sister cities</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lahore&action=edit&section=72" title="Edit section: Twin towns and sister cities">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_twin_towns_and_sister_cities_in_Pakistan" title="List of twin towns and sister cities in Pakistan">List of twin towns and sister cities in Pakistan</a></div> The following international cities have been declared <a href="/wiki/Twin_towns_and_sister_cities" class="mw-redirect" title="Twin towns and sister cities">twin towns and sister cities</a> of Lahore. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Istanbul</a>, Turkey (1975)<a href="#cite_note-dailytimes-232">[226]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/23px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/35px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/46px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Sariwon" title="Sariwon">Sariwon</a>, North Korea (1988)<a href="#cite_note-dailytimes-232">[226]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Xi%27an" title="Xi'an">Xi'an</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shaanxi" title="Shaanxi">Shaanxi</a>, China (1992)<a href="#cite_note-dailytimes-232">[226]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Kortrijk" title="Kortrijk">Kortrijk</a>, Belgium (1993)<a href="#cite_note-dailytimes-232">[226]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/23px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/35px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/45px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Fes,_Morocco" class="mw-redirect" title="Fes, Morocco">Fez</a>, Morocco (1994)<a href="#cite_note-dailytimes-232">[226]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Bukhara" title="Bukhara">Bukhara</a>, Uzbekistan (1995)<a href="#cite_note-dawn-sister-233">[227]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Samarkand" title="Samarkand">Samarkand</a>, Uzbekistan (1995)<a href="#cite_note-dailytimes-232">[226]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/35px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/46px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="630" data-file-height="360" /> <a href="/wiki/Isfahan" title="Isfahan">Isfahan</a>, Iran (2004)<a href="#cite_note-dailytimes-232">[226]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/35px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/46px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="630" data-file-height="360" /> <a href="/wiki/Mashad" class="mw-redirect" title="Mashad">Mashad</a>, Iran (2006)<a href="#cite_note-dailytimes-232">[226]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><img alt="United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Glasgow" title="Glasgow">Glasgow</a>, Scotland (2006)<a href="#cite_note-heraldscotland-234">[228]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /> <a href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago</a>, <a href="/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois">Illinois</a>, United States (2007)<a href="#cite_note-chicago2-235">[229]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1350" data-file-height="900" /> <a href="/wiki/Belgrade" title="Belgrade">Belgrade</a>, Serbia (2007)<a href="#cite_note-dailytimes-232">[226]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Krak%C3%B3w" title="Kraków">Kraków</a>, Poland (2007)<a href="#cite_note-dawn-sister-233">[227]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/35px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/45px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /> <a href="/wiki/Coimbra" title="Coimbra">Coimbra</a>, Portugal (2007)<a href="#cite_note-dawn-sister-233">[227]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="560" data-file-height="280" /> <a href="/wiki/Dushanbe" title="Dushanbe">Dushanbe</a>, Tajikistan (2008)<a href="#cite_note-dawn-sister-233">[227]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/C%C3%B3rdoba,_Spain" title="Córdoba, Spain">Córdoba</a>, Spain (2008)<a href="#cite_note-cordoba-lahore-236">[230]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Bogot%C3%A1" title="Bogotá">Bogotá</a>, Colombia (2009)<a href="#cite_note-Shayan-237">[231]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/35px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/46px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="630" data-file-height="360" /> <a href="/wiki/Amol" title="Amol">Amol</a>, Iran (2010)<a href="#cite_note-Shayan-237">[231]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/22px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/33px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/43px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /> <a href="/wiki/Rio_de_Janeiro" title="Rio de Janeiro">Rio de Janeiro</a>, Brazil (2015)<a href="#cite_note-238">[232]</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Awards">Awards</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lahore&action=edit&section=73" title="Edit section: Awards">edit</a>]</div> In 1966, the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Pakistan" title="Government of Pakistan">Government of Pakistan</a> awarded a special flag, the <a href="/wiki/Hilal-i-istaqlal" title="Hilal-i-istaqlal">Hilal-i-istaqlal</a>, to the cities of Lahore, <a href="/wiki/Sargodha" title="Sargodha">Sargodha</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Sialkot" title="Sialkot">Sialkot</a> for showing severe resistance to the enemy during the <a href="/wiki/Indo-Pakistani_War_of_1965" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-Pakistani War of 1965">Indo-Pakistani War of 1965</a>, as these cities were targets of the Indian aggression.<a href="#cite_note-239">[233]</a> Every year on <a href="/wiki/Defence_Day" title="Defence Day">Defence Day</a> (6 September), this flag is hoisted in these cities in recognition of the will, courage, and perseverance of their people.<a href="#cite_note-240">[234]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lahore&action=edit&section=74" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ul><li><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/16px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/24px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/32px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Pakistan" title="Portal:Pakistan">Pakistan portal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lahore_Fashion_Week" title="Lahore Fashion Week">Lahore Fashion Week</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lahore_Knowledge_Park" title="Lahore Knowledge Park">Lahore Knowledge Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lahore_Literary_Festival" title="Lahore Literary Festival">Lahore Literary Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lahore_Railway_Station" class="mw-redirect" title="Lahore Railway Station">Lahore Railway Station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lahori_chaddar" title="Lahori chaddar">Lahori chaddar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lahori_cuisine" title="Lahori cuisine">Lahori cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cemeteries_in_Lahore" title="List of cemeteries in Lahore">List of cemeteries in Lahore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_proper_by_population" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities proper by population">List of cities proper by population</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_films_set_in_Lahore" title="List of films set in Lahore">List of films set in Lahore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_hospitals_in_Lahore" title="List of hospitals in Lahore">List of hospitals in Lahore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_cities_in_Organisation_of_Islamic_Cooperation_member_countries" class="mw-redirect" title="List of largest cities in Organisation of Islamic Cooperation member countries">List of largest cities in Organisation of Islamic Cooperation member countries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_metropolitan_areas_in_Asia" title="List of metropolitan areas in Asia">List of metropolitan areas in Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_Lahore" title="List of people from Lahore">List of people from Lahore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_streets_in_Lahore" class="mw-redirect" title="List of streets in Lahore">List of streets in Lahore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_Lahore" title="List of tallest buildings in Lahore">List of tallest buildings in Lahore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_towns_in_Lahore" title="List of towns in Lahore">List of towns in Lahore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_urban_areas_by_population" class="mw-redirect" title="List of urban areas by population">List of urban areas by population</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikh_period_in_Lahore" title="Sikh period in Lahore">Sikh period in Lahore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Lahore" title="Transport in Lahore">Transport in Lahore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walled_City_of_Lahore" title="Walled City of Lahore">Walled City of Lahore</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lahore&action=edit&section=75" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> The highest point in Lahore is the <a href="/wiki/Walled_City_of_Lahore" title="Walled City of Lahore">Walled City</a><a href="#cite_note-topographic-map-8">[8]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a> In <a href="/wiki/Punjabi_language" title="Punjabi language">Punjabi</a>, the demonyms are used as: <ul><li>Lahorī (<span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">لہوری) – general (both singular and plural) and gender-neutral</li> <li>Lahorīyā (<span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">لہوریہ) – singular and masculine</li> <li>Lahorīye (<span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">لہوریے) – plural and masculine</li> <li>Lahoran (<span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">لہورن) – general (both singular and plural) and feminine<a href="#cite_note-11">[10]</a></li></ul> </li> <li id="cite_note-LahoreCity1881to1941-147"><a href="#cite_ref-LahoreCity1881to1941_147-0">^</a> 1881–1941: Data for the entirety of the town of Lahore, which included Lahore Municipality and Lahore Cantonment.<a href="#cite_note-Census1941-146">[144]</a>: 32  </li> <li id="cite_note-149"><a href="#cite_ref-149">^</a> Also includes the suburban urban areas/villages of Mian Mir, Muzang, and Ichra, which ultimately became part of the town of Lahore. </li> <li id="cite_note-ad-dharmi-160"><a href="#cite_ref-ad-dharmi_160-0">^</a> 1931–1941: Including <a href="/wiki/Ad-Dharmi" title="Ad-Dharmi">Ad-Dharmis</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-161"><a href="#cite_ref-161">^</a> Only includes protestant population.<a href="#cite_note-Census1881-150">[146]</a>: 152  </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lahore&action=edit&section=76" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tribune.com.pk/story/935031/landing-in-the-heart-of-Pakistan">"Landing in the heart of Pakistan"</a>. 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Sagar Publications.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historical+Routes+of+North+West+Indian+Subcontinent%2C+Lahore+to+Delhi%2C+1550s%E2%80%931850s+A.D.%3A+Network+Analysis+Through+DCNC-micro+Methodology&rft.pub=Sagar+Publications&rft.date=1990&rft.au=Usha+Masson+Luther&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DpQAsAAAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALahore" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=aKb9cFFu1xAC&pg=PA209">Diminishing Conflicts in Asia and the Pacific: Why Some Subside and Others Don't</a>. Routledge. 2013. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-67031-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-67031-9"><bdi>978-0-415-67031-9</bdi></a>. Retrieved 8 April 2017. <q>Lahore, perhaps Pakistan's most liberal city...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Diminishing+Conflicts+in+Asia+and+the+Pacific%3A+Why+Some+Subside+and+Others+Don%27t&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-0-415-67031-9&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DaKb9cFFu1xAC%26pg%3DPA209&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALahore" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCraig2015" class="citation news cs1">Craig, Tim (9 May 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/the-taliban-once-ruled-pakistans-swat-valley-now-peace-has-returned/2015/05/08/6bb8ac96-eeaa-11e4-8050-839e9234b303_story.html">"The Taliban once ruled Pakistan's Swat Valley. Now peace has returned"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0190-8286">0190-8286</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220124151103/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/the-taliban-once-ruled-pakistans-swat-valley-now-peace-has-returned/2015/05/08/6bb8ac96-eeaa-11e4-8050-839e9234b303_story.html">Archived</a> from the original on 24 January 2022. Retrieved 11 February 2018. <q>"We now want to dress like the people of Punjab," said Abid Ibrahim, 19, referring to the eastern province that includes Lahore, often referred to as Pakistan's most progressive city.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=The+Taliban+once+ruled+Pakistan%27s+Swat+Valley.+Now+peace+has+returned.&rft.date=2015-05-09&rft.issn=0190-8286&rft.aulast=Craig&rft.aufirst=Tim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fworld%2Fthe-taliban-once-ruled-pakistans-swat-valley-now-peace-has-returned%2F2015%2F05%2F08%2F6bb8ac96-eeaa-11e4-8050-839e9234b303_story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALahore" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-35910124">"Lahore attack: Pakistan PM Sharif demands swift action on terror"</a>. BBC. 28 March 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211216102726/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-35910124">Archived</a> from the original on 16 December 2021. Retrieved 19 August 2016. <q>Lahore is one of Pakistan's most liberal and wealthy cities. It is Mr Sharif's political powerbase and has seen relatively few terror attacks in recent years.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC&rft.atitle=Lahore+attack%3A+Pakistan+PM+Sharif+demands+swift+action+on+terror&rft.date=2016-03-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-asia-35910124&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALahore" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-antiquity-26">^ <a href="#cite_ref-antiquity_26-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-antiquity_26-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMajid_Sheikh2004" class="citation web cs1">Majid Sheikh (22 August 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dawn.com/news/1066357">"The 'shroud' over Lahore's antiquity"</a>. Dawn. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230306034504/https://www.dawn.com/news/1066357">Archived</a> from the original on 6 March 2023. Retrieved 6 March 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Dawn&rft.atitle=The+%27shroud%27+over+Lahore%27s+antiquity&rft.date=2004-08-22&rft.au=Majid+Sheikh&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dawn.com%2Fnews%2F1066357&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALahore" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dyson-27"><a href="#cite_ref-Dyson_27-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDyson2018" class="citation book cs1">Dyson, Tim (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3TRtDwAAQBAJ&dq=lahore+population+in+1600&pg=PA63">A Population History of India: From the First Modern People to the Present Day</a>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-882905-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-882905-8"><bdi>978-0-19-882905-8</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230404025722/https://books.google.com/books?id=3TRtDwAAQBAJ&dq=lahore+population+in+1600&pg=PA63">Archived</a> from the original on 4 April 2023. Retrieved 16 March 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Population+History+of+India%3A+From+the+First+Modern+People+to+the+Present+Day&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-0-19-882905-8&rft.aulast=Dyson&rft.aufirst=Tim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D3TRtDwAAQBAJ%26dq%3Dlahore%2Bpopulation%2Bin%2B1600%26pg%3DPA63&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALahore" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGlover2008[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_August_2024]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;-28">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGlover2008[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_August_2024]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;_28-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGlover2008[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_August_2024]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;_28-1">b</a> <a 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href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGlover2008[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_August_2024]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;_28-32">ag</a> <a href="#CITEREFGlover2008">Glover (2008)</a>, p. [<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">page needed</a>]. </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tribune.com.pk/story/579971/rising-lahore-and-reviving-pakistan/">"Rising Lahore and reviving Pakistan"</a>. The Express Tribune. 21 July 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210510222233/https://tribune.com.pk/story/579971/rising-lahore-and-reviving-pakistan">Archived</a> from the original on 10 May 2021. 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<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chicagosistercities.com/events/discover-lahore-heart-pakistan/&ved=2ahUKEwj3kLbEjIT-AhW8gP0HHY-lDdA4FBAWegQICBAB&usg=AOvVaw37ICJtUROHuuKwtCvm3iLm">Discover Lahore: The Heart of Pakistan</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot">permanent dead link</a>‍] Chicago Sister Cities International </li> <li id="cite_note-2005_pg7_15-32">^ <a href="#cite_ref-2005_pg7_15_32-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-2005_pg7_15_32-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShoaib_Ahmed2005" class="citation web cs1">Shoaib Ahmed (4 March 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080212140647/http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=story_4-3-2005_pg7_15">"Lahore book fair opens to rave reviews"</a>. 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Retrieved 27 March 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Out+of+the+rubble&rft.date=2006-11-22&rft.aulast=Windsor&rft.aufirst=Antonia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Ftravel%2F2006%2Foct%2F17%2Fpakistan%3Fpage%3Dall&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALahore" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Planet-35">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Planet_35-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Planet_35-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211120174039/https://www.lonelyplanet.com/pakistan/punjab/lahore">"Lahore, Pakistan"</a>. Lonely Planet. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lonelyplanet.com/pakistan/punjab/lahore/introduction">the original</a> on 20 November 2021. Retrieved 16 June 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Lonely+Planet&rft.atitle=Lahore%2C+Pakistan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lonelyplanet.com%2Fpakistan%2Fpunjab%2Flahore%2Fintroduction&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALahore" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELatif18925-36">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELatif18925_36-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELatif18925_36-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFLatif1892">Latif (1892)</a>, p. 5. </li> <li id="cite_note-:22-37"><a href="#cite_ref-:22_37-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSuvorova2004" class="citation book cs1">Suvorova, Anna (22 July 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=cI1_AgAAQBAJ&pg=PT241">Muslim Saints of South Asia: The Eleventh to Fifteenth Centuries</a>. 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Retrieved 14 March 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mu%27jam+al-Buldan&rft.aulast=al-Hamawi&rft.aufirst=Yaqut&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farabiclexicon.hawramani.com%2F%25D9%2584%25D9%258E%25D9%2588%25D9%2592%25D9%2587%25D9%258F%25D9%2588%25D8%25B1%2F%3Fbook%3D53&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALahore" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-briggs-39"><a href="#cite_ref-briggs_39-0">^</a> Briggs, J. trans. <a href="/wiki/Firishta" title="Firishta">Mohammad Kasim Firishta</a>, "History of the Rise of the Mahomedan Power in India Till the Year A.D. 1612", Volume VI </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWink2002a121-40"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWink2002a121_40-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFWink2002a">Wink (2002a)</a>, p. 121. </li> <li id="cite_note-:32-41">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:32_41-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:32_41-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8sdgrE8pn-cC&q=iravatyawar">Journal of Central Asia</a>. 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John Benjamins Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9027235740" title="Special:BookSources/9027235740"><bdi>9027235740</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Studies+in+the+Historical+Phonology+of+Asian+Languages&rft.pub=John+Benjamins+Publishing&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=9027235740&rft.aulast=Boltz&rft.aufirst=William+G.&rft.au=Shapiro%2C+Michael+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dj-hJB2279EAC%26pg%3DPA136&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALahore" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=JfhwAAAAMAAJ&q=Lahore+blacksmith+etymology">Journal of Asian Civilisations</a>. Taxila Institute of Asian Civilisations. 2001.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Journal+of+Asian+Civilisations&rft.pub=Taxila+Institute+of+Asian+Civilisations&rft.date=2001&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJfhwAAAAMAAJ%26q%3DLahore%2Bblacksmith%2Betymology&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALahore" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=VJwIAAAAQAAJ&pg=RA2-PA131">Gazetteer of the Ferozpur District: 1883</a>. 1883.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gazetteer+of+the+Ferozpur+District%3A+1883&rft.date=1883&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DVJwIAAAAQAAJ%26pg%3DRA2-PA131&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALahore" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHaroon_Khalid2018" class="citation news cs1">Haroon Khalid (31 December 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dawn.com/news/1454665/">"How old is Lahore? The clues lie in a blend of historical fact and expedient legend"</a>. Dawn. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190101120014/https://www.dawn.com/news/1454665">Archived</a> from the original on 1 January 2019. Retrieved 1 January 2019. <q>A legend subsequently grew that connected the history of the city with Valmiki's Ramayana. According to this narrative, Valmiki lived on a mound on the banks of the Ravi when he hosted Ram's consort Sita after she was banished from Ayodhya. It is here that she gave birth Lav and Kush, the princes of Ayodhya, who later founded the twin cities of Lahore and Kasur.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Dawn&rft.atitle=How+old+is+Lahore%3F+The+clues+lie+in+a+blend+of+historical+fact+and+expedient+legend&rft.date=2018-12-31&rft.au=Haroon+Khalid&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dawn.com%2Fnews%2F1454665%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALahore" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=FAS2AAAAIAAJ&q=Lahore+Lavapuri">Annual bibliography of Indian history and Indology, Volume 4</a>. Bombay Historical Society. 1946. p. 257. Retrieved 29 May 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Annual+bibliography+of+Indian+history+and+Indology%2C+Volume+4&rft.pages=257&rft.pub=Bombay+Historical+Society&rft.date=1946&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DFAS2AAAAIAAJ%26q%3DLahore%2BLavapuri&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALahore" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBaqir1985" class="citation book cs1">Baqir, Muhammad (1985). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-pAcAAAAMAAJ&q=Lahore+Lava">Lahore, past and present</a>. B.R. Pub. Corp. pp. 19–20. Retrieved 29 May 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lahore%2C+past+and+present&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E19-%3C%2Fspan%3E20&rft.pub=B.R.+Pub.+Corp&rft.date=1985&rft.aulast=Baqir&rft.aufirst=Muhammad&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-pAcAAAAMAAJ%26q%3DLahore%2BLava&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALahore" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNadiem2005" class="citation book cs1">Nadiem, Ihsan N (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=pyFuAAAAMAAJ&q=Kasur+Kusha">Punjab: land, history, people</a>. Al-Faisal Nashran. p. 111. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789695032831" title="Special:BookSources/9789695032831"><bdi>9789695032831</bdi></a>. Retrieved 29 May 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Punjab%3A+land%2C+history%2C+people&rft.pages=111&rft.pub=Al-Faisal+Nashran&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=9789695032831&rft.aulast=Nadiem&rft.aufirst=Ihsan+N&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DpyFuAAAAMAAJ%26q%3DKasur%2BKusha&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALahore" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNadiem2005" class="citation book cs1">Nadiem, Ihsan H. (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=pyFuAAAAMAAJ&q=kasur+pashtun">Punjab: Land, History, People</a>. Al-Faisal Nashran. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789695034347" title="Special:BookSources/9789695034347"><bdi>9789695034347</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Punjab%3A+Land%2C+History%2C+People&rft.pub=Al-Faisal+Nashran&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=9789695034347&rft.aulast=Nadiem&rft.aufirst=Ihsan+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DpyFuAAAAMAAJ%26q%3Dkasur%2Bpashtun&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALahore" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENeville2006xii-50">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENeville2006xii_50-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENeville2006xii_50-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFNeville2006">Neville (2006)</a>, p. xii. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELatif1892352-51"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELatif1892352_51-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLatif1892">Latif (1892)</a>, p. 352. </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCharles_Umpherston_Aitchison2002" class="citation book cs1">Charles Umpherston Aitchison (2002). Lord Lawrence and the Reconstruction of India Under the British Rule. Genesis Publishing. p. 54. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788177551730" title="Special:BookSources/9788177551730"><bdi>9788177551730</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lord+Lawrence+and+the+Reconstruction+of+India+Under+the+British+Rule&rft.pages=54&rft.pub=Genesis+Publishing&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=9788177551730&rft.au=Charles+Umpherston+Aitchison&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALahore" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-bosworth-53">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bosworth_53-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-bosworth_53-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-bosworth_53-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-bosworth_53-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-bosworth_53-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-bosworth_53-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-bosworth_53-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-bosworth_53-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-bosworth_53-8">i</a> <a href="#cite_ref-bosworth_53-9">j</a> <a href="#cite_ref-bosworth_53-10">k</a> <a href="#cite_ref-bosworth_53-11">l</a> <a href="#cite_ref-bosworth_53-12">m</a> <a href="#cite_ref-bosworth_53-13">n</a> <a href="#cite_ref-bosworth_53-14">o</a> <a href="#cite_ref-bosworth_53-15">p</a> <a href="#cite_ref-bosworth_53-16">q</a> <a href="#cite_ref-bosworth_53-17">r</a> <a href="#cite_ref-bosworth_53-18">s</a> <a href="#cite_ref-bosworth_53-19">t</a> <a href="#cite_ref-bosworth_53-20">u</a> <a href="#cite_ref-bosworth_53-21">v</a> <a href="#cite_ref-bosworth_53-22">w</a> <a href="#cite_ref-bosworth_53-23">x</a> <a href="#cite_ref-bosworth_53-24">y</a> <a href="#cite_ref-bosworth_53-25">z</a> <a href="#cite_ref-bosworth_53-26">aa</a> <a href="#cite_ref-bosworth_53-27">ab</a> <a href="#cite_ref-bosworth_53-28">ac</a> <a href="#cite_ref-bosworth_53-29">ad</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBosworth2007" class="citation book cs1">Bosworth, C. Edmund (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=CgawCQAAQBAJ&pg=PA305">Historic Cities of the Islamic World</a>. Brill. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9047423836" title="Special:BookSources/978-9047423836"><bdi>978-9047423836</bdi></a>. Retrieved 26 December 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historic+Cities+of+the+Islamic+World&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-9047423836&rft.aulast=Bosworth&rft.aufirst=C.+Edmund&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DCgawCQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA305&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALahore" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kroraina.com/hudud/">Hudud al-'Alam, The Regions of the World: A Persian Geography, 372 A.H. – 982 A.D.</a> Translated by V. Minorsky. London: Oxford University Press. 1937. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210415015541/http://www.kroraina.com/hudud/">Archived</a> from the original on 15 April 2021. Retrieved 4 September 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hudud+al-%27Alam%2C+The+Regions+of+the+World%3A+A+Persian+Geography%2C+372+A.H.+%E2%80%93+982+A.D.&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1937&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kroraina.com%2Fhudud%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALahore" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWink2002b[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_August_2024]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;-55"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWink2002b[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_August_2024]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;_55-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFWink2002b">Wink (2002b)</a>, p. [<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">page needed</a>]. </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAmjad1989" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Amjad, Yaḥyá (1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=P60yAAAAIAAJ&q=tarikh+i+pakistan+yahya">Tārīḵẖ-i Pākistān: qadīm daur : zamānah-yi mā qabl az tārīḵẖ : Pākistān kī sarzamīn par āj se paune do kaṛoṛ sāl pahle...</a> (in Urdu). Sang-i Mīl Pablīkeshanz.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=T%C4%81r%C4%AB%E1%B8%B5%E1%BA%96-i+P%C4%81kist%C4%81n%3A+qad%C4%ABm+daur+%3A+zam%C4%81nah-yi+m%C4%81+qabl+az+t%C4%81r%C4%AB%E1%B8%B5%E1%BA%96+%3A+P%C4%81kist%C4%81n+k%C4%AB+sarzam%C4%ABn+par+%C4%81j+se+paune+do+ka%E1%B9%9Bo%E1%B9%9B+s%C4%81l+pahle...&rft.pub=Sang-i+M%C4%ABl+Pabl%C4%ABkeshanz&rft.date=1989&rft.aulast=Amjad&rft.aufirst=Ya%E1%B8%A5y%C3%A1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DP60yAAAAIAAJ%26q%3Dtarikh%2Bi%2Bpakistan%2Byahya&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALahore" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWink2002b235-57"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWink2002b235_57-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFWink2002b">Wink (2002b)</a>, p. 235. </li> <li id="cite_note-dsal.uchicago.edu-58">^ <a href="#cite_ref-dsal.uchicago.edu_58-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-dsal.uchicago.edu_58-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/text.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V16_112.gif">Imperial Gazetteer of India</a>. Vol. 16. p. 106. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160313205336/http://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/text.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V16_112.gif">Archived</a> from the original on 13 March 2016. Retrieved 27 December 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Imperial+Gazetteer+of+India&rft.pages=106&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdsal.uchicago.edu%2Freference%2Fgazetteer%2Ftext.html%3Fobjectid%3DDS405.1.I34_V16_112.gif&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALahore" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Petersen1996-59"><a href="#cite_ref-Petersen1996_59-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAndrew_Petersen1996" class="citation book cs1">Andrew Petersen (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/dictionaryofisla00andr">Dictionary of Islamic Architecture</a>. Routledge. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/dictionaryofisla00andr/page/159">159</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-06084-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-06084-4"><bdi>978-0-415-06084-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dictionary+of+Islamic+Architecture&rft.pages=159&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-0-415-06084-4&rft.au=Andrew+Petersen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdictionaryofisla00andr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALahore" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120908173139/http://www.gcu.edu.pk/Citylahore.htm">"GC University Lahore"</a>. Gcu.edu.pk. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gcu.edu.pk/Citylahore.htm">the original</a> on 8 September 2012. Retrieved 15 March 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=GC+University+Lahore&rft.pub=Gcu.edu.pk&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gcu.edu.pk%2FCitylahore.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALahore" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-WescoatWolschke-Bulmahn1996-61"><a href="#cite_ref-WescoatWolschke-Bulmahn1996_61-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJames_L._WescoatJoachim_Wolschke-Bulmahn1996" class="citation book cs1">James L. Wescoat; Joachim Wolschke-Bulmahn (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=96ec98LieGsC&pg=PA149">Mughal Gardens: Sources, Places, Representations, and Prospects</a>. Dumbarton Oaks. p. 149. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-88402-235-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-88402-235-0"><bdi>978-0-88402-235-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mughal+Gardens%3A+Sources%2C+Places%2C+Representations%2C+and+Prospects&rft.pages=149&rft.pub=Dumbarton+Oaks&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-0-88402-235-0&rft.au=James+L.+Wescoat&rft.au=Joachim+Wolschke-Bulmahn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D96ec98LieGsC%26pg%3DPA149&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALahore" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofch00wood">Encyclopedia of Chronology: Historical and Biographical</a>. Longmans, Green and Company. 1872. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofch00wood/page/590">590</a>. Retrieved 26 December 2017. <q>lahore 1152.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Chronology%3A+Historical+and+Biographical&rft.pages=590&rft.pub=Longmans%2C+Green+and+Company&rft.date=1872&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fencyclopediaofch00wood&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALahore" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/327951/Lahore">"Lahore"</a>. Encyclopædia Britannica. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150502052043/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/327951/Lahore">Archived</a> from the original on 2 May 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Lahore&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2FEBchecked%2Ftopic%2F327951%2FLahore&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALahore" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ikram-64"><a href="#cite_ref-Ikram_64-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIkram1964" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/S._M._Ikram" title="S. M. Ikram">Ikram, S. M.</a> (1964). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/muslimcivilizati00ikra">Muslim Civilization in India</a>. New York: Columbia University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Muslim+Civilization+in+India&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Columbia+University+Press&rft.date=1964&rft.aulast=Ikram&rft.aufirst=S.+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmuslimcivilizati00ikra&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALahore" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110615113959/http://www.apnaorg.com/articles/indianexpress-2/">"Once upon a time"</a>. Apnaorg.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.apnaorg.com/articles/indianexpress-2/">the original</a> on 15 June 2011. Retrieved 15 March 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Once+upon+a+time&rft.pub=Apnaorg.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.apnaorg.com%2Farticles%2Findianexpress-2%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALahore" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Mikaberidze" title="Alexander Mikaberidze">Mikaberidze, Alexander</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=jBBYD2J2oE4C&q=delhi+sultanate+turko-afghan&pg=PA269">"Conflict and Conquest in the Islamic World: A Historical Encyclopedia (2 volumes): A Historical Encyclopedia"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230404025723/https://books.google.com/books?id=jBBYD2J2oE4C&q=delhi+sultanate+turko-afghan&pg=PA269">Archived</a> 4 April 2023 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> ABC-CLIO, 22 July 2011 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-59884-337-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-59884-337-8">978-1-59884-337-8</a> pp 269–270 </li> <li id="cite_note-jackson-67">^ <a href="#cite_ref-jackson_67-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-jackson_67-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-jackson_67-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-jackson_67-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-jackson_67-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-jackson_67-5">f</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJackson2003" class="citation book cs1">Jackson, Peter (16 October 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=lt2tqOpVRKgC&pg=PA309">The Delhi Sultanate: A Political and Military History</a>. Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0521543290" title="Special:BookSources/0521543290"><bdi>0521543290</bdi></a>. Retrieved 27 December 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Delhi+Sultanate%3A+A+Political+and+Military+History&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2003-10-16&rft.isbn=0521543290&rft.aulast=Jackson&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dlt2tqOpVRKgC%26pg%3DPA309&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALahore" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSadasivan2018" class="citation book cs1">Sadasivan, Balaji (14 August 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=980SAvbmpUkC">The Dancing Girl: A History of Early India</a>. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789814311670" title="Special:BookSources/9789814311670"><bdi>9789814311670</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Dancing+Girl%3A+A+History+of+Early+India&rft.pub=Institute+of+Southeast+Asian+Studies&rft.date=2018-08-14&rft.isbn=9789814311670&rft.aulast=Sadasivan&rft.aufirst=Balaji&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D980SAvbmpUkC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALahore" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIqtidar_Husain_Siddiqi2010" class="citation book cs1">Iqtidar Husain Siddiqi (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=DJbmTL8svpwC">Indo-Persian Historiography Up to the Thirteenth Century</a>. Primus Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-908918-0-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-908918-0-6"><bdi>978-81-908918-0-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Indo-Persian+Historiography+Up+to+the+Thirteenth+Century&rft.pub=Primus+Books&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-81-908918-0-6&rft.au=Iqtidar+Husain+Siddiqi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DDJbmTL8svpwC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALahore" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENeville2006xiii-70"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENeville2006xiii_70-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFNeville2006">Neville (2006)</a>, p. xiii. </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/text.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V16_112.gif">Imperial Gazetteer of India</a>. Vol. 16. p. 107. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160313205336/http://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/text.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V16_112.gif">Archived</a> from the original on 13 March 2016. Retrieved 27 December 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Imperial+Gazetteer+of+India&rft.pages=107&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdsal.uchicago.edu%2Freference%2Fgazetteer%2Ftext.html%3Fobjectid%3DDS405.1.I34_V16_112.gif&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALahore" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ahmed-72"><a href="#cite_ref-Ahmed_72-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAhmed2011" class="citation book cs1">Ahmed, Farooqui Salma (2011). A Comprehensive History of Medieval India: Twelfth to the Mid-Eighteenth Century. Pearson India. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788131732021" title="Special:BookSources/9788131732021"><bdi>9788131732021</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Comprehensive+History+of+Medieval+India%3A+Twelfth+to+the+Mid-Eighteenth+Century&rft.pub=Pearson+India&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=9788131732021&rft.aulast=Ahmed&rft.aufirst=Farooqui+Salma&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALahore" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-dhillon-73">^ <a href="#cite_ref-dhillon_73-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-dhillon_73-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDhillon1988" class="citation book cs1">Dhillon, Dalbir Singh (1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=osnkLKPMWykC&pg=PA9">Sikhism Origin and Development</a>. Atlantic Publishers & Distributors. Retrieved 27 December 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sikhism+Origin+and+Development&rft.pub=Atlantic+Publishers+%26+Distributors&rft.date=1988&rft.aulast=Dhillon&rft.aufirst=Dalbir+Singh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DosnkLKPMWykC%26pg%3DPA9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALahore" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Masson-74"><a href="#cite_ref-Masson_74-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMasson2003" class="citation book cs1">Masson, Vadim Mikhaĭlovich (2003). History of Civilizations of Central Asia: Development in contrast : from the sixteenth to the mid-nineteenth century. UNESCO. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789231038761" title="Special:BookSources/9789231038761"><bdi>9789231038761</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+Civilizations+of+Central+Asia%3A+Development+in+contrast+%3A+from+the+sixteenth+to+the+mid-nineteenth+century&rft.pub=UNESCO&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=9789231038761&rft.aulast=Masson&rft.aufirst=Vadim+Mikha%C4%ADlovich&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALahore" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIqtidar_Alam_Khan2008" class="citation book cs1">Iqtidar Alam Khan (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=URluAAAAMAAJ">Historical Dictionary of Medieval India</a>. Scarecrow Press. p. 32. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8108-5503-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8108-5503-8"><bdi>978-0-8108-5503-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historical+Dictionary+of+Medieval+India&rft.pages=32&rft.pub=Scarecrow+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-8108-5503-8&rft.au=Iqtidar+Alam+Khan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DURluAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALahore" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-mughaleconomist-76"><a href="#cite_ref-mughaleconomist_76-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.economist.com/news/asia/21695034-chinese-style-modernisation-draws-perilously-close-brilliant-17th-century-landmarks-short-cuts">"Short Cuts"</a>. The Economist. 19 March 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160819161514/http://www.economist.com/news/asia/21695034-chinese-style-modernisation-draws-perilously-close-brilliant-17th-century-landmarks-short-cuts">Archived</a> from the original on 19 August 2016. Retrieved 19 August 2016. <q>For centuries Lahore was the heart of Mughal Hindustan, known to visitors as the City of Gardens. Today it has a greater profusion of treasures from the Mughal period (the peak of which was in the 17th century) than India's Delhi or Agra, even if Lahore's are less photographed.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Economist&rft.atitle=Short+Cuts&rft.date=2016-03-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.economist.com%2Fnews%2Fasia%2F21695034-chinese-style-modernisation-draws-perilously-close-brilliant-17th-century-landmarks-short-cuts&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALahore" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Chandra-77"><a href="#cite_ref-Chandra_77-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChandra2005" class="citation book cs1">Chandra, Satish (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0Rm9MC4DDrcC&pg=PA28">Medieval India: From Sultanat to the Mughals Part – II</a>. Har-Anand Publications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/8124110662" title="Special:BookSources/8124110662"><bdi>8124110662</bdi></a>. Retrieved 27 December 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Medieval+India%3A+From+Sultanat+to+the+Mughals+Part+%E2%80%93+II&rft.pub=Har-Anand+Publications&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=8124110662&rft.aulast=Chandra&rft.aufirst=Satish&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D0Rm9MC4DDrcC%26pg%3DPA28&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALahore" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLatif2003" class="citation book cs1">Latif, Syad Muhammad (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=9hZuAAAAMAAJ&q=akbar+dharmpura">Agra historical and descriptive with an account of Akbar and his court and of the modern city of Agra</a>. Asian Educational Services. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/8120617096" title="Special:BookSources/8120617096"><bdi>8120617096</bdi></a>. Retrieved 27 December 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Agra+historical+and+descriptive+with+an+account+of+Akbar+and+his+court+and+of+the+modern+city+of+Agra&rft.pub=Asian+Educational+Services&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=8120617096&rft.aulast=Latif&rft.aufirst=Syad+Muhammad&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D9hZuAAAAMAAJ%26q%3Dakbar%2Bdharmpura&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALahore" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Holt-79">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Holt_79-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Holt_79-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHolt1977" class="citation book cs1">Holt, P. M. (1977). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=y99jTbxNbSAC&pg=PA45">The Cambridge History of Islam: Volume 2A, The Indian Sub-Continent, South-East Asia, Africa and the Muslim West</a>. Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0521291372" title="Special:BookSources/0521291372"><bdi>0521291372</bdi></a>. 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Asian Historical Architecture. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171228171934/http://www.orientalarchitecture.com/sid/1036/pakistan/lahore/lahore-fort-alamgiri-gate">Archived</a> from the original on 28 December 2017. 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Retrieved 3 September 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ranjit+Singh%3A+A+Secular+Sikh+Sovereign&rft.pub=Exoticindiaart.com&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=8170172446&rft.au=K.S.+Duggal&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.exoticindiaart.com%2Fbook%2Fdetails%2FIDE822%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALahore" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hkttreks.com/pakistan-lahore/">"Pakistan – Lahore – Hindukush Karakuram Tours & Treks"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190202042553/http://www.hkttreks.com/pakistan-lahore/">Archived</a> from the original on 2 February 2019. Retrieved 1 February 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pakistan+%E2%80%93+Lahore+%E2%80%93+Hindukush+Karakuram+Tours+%26+Treks&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hkttreks.com%2Fpakistan-lahore%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALahore" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a> Kartar Singh Duggal (2001). Maharaja Ranjit Singh: The Last to Lay Arms. Abhinav Publications. pp. 125–126. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-7017-410-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-7017-410-3">978-81-7017-410-3</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a> Masson, Charles. 1842. Narrative of Various Journeys in Balochistan, Afghanistan and the Panjab, 3 v. London: Richard Bentley (1) 37 </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESidhwa2005[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_August_2024]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;-97">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESidhwa2005[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_August_2024]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;_97-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESidhwa2005[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_August_2024]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;_97-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESidhwa2005[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_August_2024]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;_97-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESidhwa2005[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_August_2024]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2024)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;_97-3">d</a> <a href="#CITEREFSidhwa2005">Sidhwa (2005)</a>, p. [<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">page needed</a>]. </li> <li id="cite_note-Archaeological_Survey_of_India-98">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Archaeological_Survey_of_India_98-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Archaeological_Survey_of_India_98-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarshall1906" class="citation book cs1">Marshall, John Hubert (1906). Archaeological Survey of India. Office of the Superintendent of Government Printing.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Archaeological+Survey+of+India&rft.pub=Office+of+the+Superintendent+of+Government+Printing&rft.date=1906&rft.aulast=Marshall&rft.aufirst=John+Hubert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALahore" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=rw5DAAAAYAAJ&q=sunehri+">The Panjab Past and Present</a>. Vol. 22. Department of Punjab Historical Studies, Punjab University. 1988. Retrieved 28 August 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Panjab+Past+and+Present&rft.pub=Department+of+Punjab+Historical+Studies%2C+Punjab+University&rft.date=1988&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Drw5DAAAAYAAJ%26q%3Dsunehri%2B&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALahore" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFarooq_Soomro2015" class="citation news cs1">Farooq Soomro (13 May 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dawn.com/news/1163373">"A visual delight – Maryam Zamani and Wazir Khan Mosques"</a>. Dawn. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181226032600/https://www.dawn.com/news/1163373">Archived</a> from the original on 26 December 2018. Retrieved 29 August 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Dawn&rft.atitle=A+visual+delight+%E2%80%93+Maryam+Zamani+and+Wazir+Khan+Mosques&rft.date=2015-05-13&rft.au=Farooq+Soomro&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dawn.com%2Fnews%2F1163373&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALahore" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Univ_Of_Minnesota_Press-101">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Univ_Of_Minnesota_Press_101-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Univ_Of_Minnesota_Press_101-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFGlover2008">Glover (2008)</a>, p. [<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">page needed</a>]. "By the turn of the twentieth century, Lahore's population had nearly doubled from what it had been when the province was first annexed, growing from an estimated 120,000 people in 1849 to over 200,000 in 1901." </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGlover2008">Glover (2008)</a>, p. [<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">page needed</a>]. "On the eve of annexation, Lahore's suburbs were made up of a flat, debris-strewn plain interrupted by a small number of populous abadis, the deserted cantonment and barracks of the former Sikh infantry (which, according to one British large buildings in various states of disrepair." </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGlover2008">Glover (2008)</a>, p. [<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">page needed</a>]. "The inner city, on the other hand, remained problematic. Seen as a potential hotbed of disease and social instability, and notoriously difficult to observe and fathom, the inner districts of the city remained stubbornly resistant to colonial intervention. Throughout the British period of occupation in Punjab, for reasons we will explore more fully, the inner districts of its largest cities were almost entirely left alone. 5 The colonial state made its most significant investments in suburban tracts outside of cities... It should not surprise us that the main focus of imperial attention in Punjab was its fertile countryside rather than cities like Lahore." </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGlover2008">Glover (2008)</a>, p. [<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">page needed</a>]. "What is more striking than the fact that Punjab's new rulers (cost-effectively) appropriated the symbolically charged buildings of their predecessors is how long some of those appropriations lasted. The conversion of the Mughal-era tomb of Sharif un-Nissa, a noblewoman during Shah Jahan's reign, popularly known as Anarkali, was one such case (Figure 1.2). This Muslim tomb was first used as offices and residences for the clerical staff of Punjab's governing board. In 1851, however, the tomb was converted into the Anglican church." </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGlover2008">Glover (2008)</a>, p. [<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">page needed</a>]. "the mosque of Dai Anga, Emperor Shah Jahan's wet nurse, which the British converted first into a residence and later into the office of the railway traffic manager. Nearby was the tomb of Nawab Bahadur Khan, a highly placed member of Akbar's court, which the railway used as a storehouse... manager. Nearby was the tomb of Nawab Bahadur Khan, a highly placed member of Akbar's court, which the railway used as a storehouse. That same tomb had been acquired earlier by the railway from the army, who had used it as a theater for entertaining officers. The railway provided another nearby tomb free of charge to the Church Missionary Society, who used it for Sunday services. The tomb of Mir Mannu, an eighteenth-century Mughal viceroy of Punjab who had brutally persecuted the Sikhs while he was in power, escaped demolition by the railway but was converted nevertheless into a private wine merchant's shop." </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGlover2008">Glover (2008)</a>, p. [<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">page needed</a>]. "with an abundance of abandoned large structures scattered throughout the civil station on nazul (state administered) property, the colonial government often chose to house major institutions in converted buildings rather than to build anew. These institutions included the Civil Secretariat, which, as we have seen, was located in Ventura's former house; the Public Works from Ranjit Singh's period; and the Accountant General's office, headquartered in a converted seventeenth century mosque near the tomb of Shah Chiragh, just off Mall Road." </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGlover2008">Glover (2008)</a>, p. [<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">page needed</a>]. "The Lahore station, built during a time when securing British civilians and troops against a future "native" uprising was foremost in the government's mind, fortified medieval castle, complete with turrets and crenellated towers, battered flanking walls, and loopholes for directing rifle and cannon fire along the main avenues of approach from the city." </li> <li id="cite_note-Mall_Road-108">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Mall_Road_108-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mall_Road_108-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFGlover2008">Glover (2008)</a>, p. [<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">page needed</a>]. "We should remember that outside of colonial military cantonments, where rules encouraging racial separation were partially formalized in the residential districts of India's colonial cities. Wherever government institutions, commercial enterprises, and places of public congregation were concentrated, mixing among races and social classes was both legally accommodated and necessary. In Lahore these kinds of activities were concentrated in a half-mile-wide zone stretching along Mall Road from the Civil Secretariat, near Anarkali's tomb, at one end to the botanical gardens at the other." </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-109">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_109-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_109-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMuḥammad_Laṭīf_(Saiyid,_Khān_Bahādur)1891" class="citation book cs1">Muḥammad Laṭīf (Saiyid, Khān Bahādur) (1891). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=RzBAAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA341">History of the Panjáb from the Remotest Antiquity to the Present Time</a>. Calcutta Central Press Company, limited.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+the+Panj%C3%A1b+from+the+Remotest+Antiquity+to+the+Present+Time&rft.pub=Calcutta+Central+Press+Company%2C+limited&rft.date=1891&rft.au=Mu%E1%B8%A5ammad+La%E1%B9%AD%C4%ABf+%28Saiyid%2C+Kh%C4%81n+Bah%C4%81dur%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DRzBAAQAAMAAJ%26pg%3DPA341&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALahore" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Making_Lahore_Modern_1894-110">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Making_Lahore_Modern_1894_110-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Making_Lahore_Modern_1894_110-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFGlover2008">Glover (2008)</a>, p. [<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">page needed</a>]. "As a gesture of loyalty, Punjab's "Princes, Chiefs, merchants, men of local note, and the public generally" formed a subscription to erect the "Victoria Jubilee Institute for the Promotion and Diffusion of Technical and Agricultural Education and Science" in Lahore, a complex that eventually formed the nucleus of the city's museum and the Mayo School of Art (completed in 1894)." </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGlover2008">Glover (2008)</a>, p. [<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">page needed</a>]. "According to the 1901 census, therefore, the inner city of Lahore contained exactly 20,691 "houses"." </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tribuneindia.com/1999/99jan27/head3.htm">"Republic Day"</a>. The Tribune. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150129021853/http://www.tribuneindia.com/1999/99jan27/head3.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 29 January 2015. Retrieved 15 March 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Tribune&rft.atitle=Republic+Day&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tribuneindia.com%2F1999%2F99jan27%2Fhead3.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALahore" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2007%5C09%5C02%5Cstory_2-9-2007_pg7_33">"A memorial will be built to Bhagat Singh, says the governor of Lahore."</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120729120941/http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2007%5C09%5C02%5Cstory_2-9-2007_pg7_33">Archived</a> 29 July 2012 at <a href="/wiki/Archive.today" title="Archive.today">archive.today</a> Daily Times Pakistan. 2 September 2007. </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.storyofpakistan.com/articletext.asp?artid=A043">Story of Pakistan – Lahore Resolution 1940</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120126002501/http://www.storyofpakistan.com/articletext.asp?artid=A043">Archived</a> 26 January 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Jin Technologies. Retrieved 19 September 2007. </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKhaled_Ahmed2017" class="citation news cs1">Khaled Ahmed (3 June 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/lahore-the-city-that-wanted-to-know-4686476/">"The City that wanted to know"</a>. Indian Express. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210224043630/https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/lahore-the-city-that-wanted-to-know-4686476/">Archived</a> from the original on 24 February 2021. Retrieved 28 December 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+City+that+wanted+to+know&rft.date=2017-06-03&rft.au=Khaled+Ahmed&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Findianexpress.com%2Farticle%2Fopinion%2Fcolumns%2Flahore-the-city-that-wanted-to-know-4686476%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALahore" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dabas2017-116">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Dabas2017_116-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dabas2017_116-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDabas2017" class="citation news cs1">Dabas, Maninder (17 August 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.indiatimes.com/news/india/here-s-how-radcliff-line-was-drawn-on-this-day-and-lahore-could-not-become-a-part-of-india-328012.html">"Here's How Radcliffe Line Was Drawn On This Day And Lahore Could Not Become A Part of India"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Times_of_India" title="The Times of India">The Times of India</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211128021247/https://www.indiatimes.com/news/india/here-s-how-radcliff-line-was-drawn-on-this-day-and-lahore-could-not-become-a-part-of-india-328012.html">Archived</a> from the original on 28 November 2021. Retrieved 22 January 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+India&rft.atitle=Here%27s+How+Radcliffe+Line+Was+Drawn+On+This+Day+And+Lahore+Could+Not+Become+A+Part+of+India&rft.date=2017-08-17&rft.aulast=Dabas&rft.aufirst=Maninder&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.indiatimes.com%2Fnews%2Findia%2Fhere-s-how-radcliff-line-was-drawn-on-this-day-and-lahore-could-not-become-a-part-of-india-328012.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALahore" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Nayar2018-117">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Nayar2018_117-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nayar2018_117-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKuldip_Nayar2018" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Kuldip_Nayar" title="Kuldip Nayar">Kuldip Nayar</a> (24 August 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scroll.in/article/891693/i-nearly-gave-you-lahore-when-kuldip-nayar-asked-cyril-radcliffe-about-deciding-indo-pak-border">"'I nearly gave you Lahore': When Kuldip Nayar asked Cyril Radcliffe about deciding Indo-Pak border"</a>. Scroll.in. <a href="/wiki/Scroll.in" title="Scroll.in">Scroll.in</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220122025001/https://scroll.in/article/891693/i-nearly-gave-you-lahore-when-kuldip-nayar-asked-cyril-radcliffe-about-deciding-indo-pak-border">Archived</a> from the original on 22 January 2022. Retrieved 22 January 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Scroll.in&rft.atitle=%27I+nearly+gave+you+Lahore%27%3A+When+Kuldip+Nayar+asked+Cyril+Radcliffe+about+deciding+Indo-Pak+border&rft.date=2018-08-24&rft.au=Kuldip+Nayar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fscroll.in%2Farticle%2F891693%2Fi-nearly-gave-you-lahore-when-kuldip-nayar-asked-cyril-radcliffe-about-deciding-indo-pak-border&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALahore" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kaul1991-118"><a href="#cite_ref-Kaul1991_118-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKaul1991" class="citation book cs1">Kaul, Pyarelal (1991). Crisis in Kashmir. Suman Publications. p. 42. <q>Under Radcliffe Award, Lahore was to have gone to India and not to Pakistan. The Arbitrator Radcliffe, announced to the representatives of India and Pakistan that Lahore had fallen to the lot of India.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Crisis+in+Kashmir&rft.pages=42&rft.pub=Suman+Publications&rft.date=1991&rft.aulast=Kaul&rft.aufirst=Pyarelal&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALahore" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Nayar-119"><a href="#cite_ref-Nayar_119-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNayar2006" class="citation news cs1">Nayar, Kuldip (24 September 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tribuneindia.com/2006/20060924/spectrum/main1.htm">"Line of Division: Real and Imagined"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Tribune_(Chandigarh)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Tribune (Chandigarh)">The Tribune</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210309021052/https://www.tribuneindia.com/2006/20060924/spectrum/main1.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 9 March 2021. 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Dawn. Pakistan. 21 November 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211010040803/https://www.dawn.com/news/1221210">Archived</a> from the original on 10 October 2021. Retrieved 23 September 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Dawn&rft.atitle=Sikh+pilgrims+from+India+arrive+in+Lahore&rft.date=2015-11-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dawn.com%2Fnews%2F1221210&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALahore" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-144"><a href="#cite_ref-144">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChaudhry2000" class="citation book cs1">Chaudhry, Nazir Ahmad (2000). Lahore. 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Dawn. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210202002919/https://www.dawn.com/news/1141505">Archived</a> from the original on 2 February 2021. 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Retrieved 17 January 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=CENSUS+OF+INDIA%2C+1941+VOLUME+VI+PUNJAB&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fsite%2Fsouth-asia-open-archives%2Fsaoa%2Fcensusofindia1941-28216851%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALahore" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Census1868-148"><a href="#cite_ref-Census1868_148-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREF(India)1868" class="citation web cs1">(India), Punjab (1868). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.25057644">"Report on the census of the Punjab taken on 10th January, 1868"</a>. p. 66. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.25057644">saoa.crl.25057644</a>. Retrieved 7 July 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Report+on+the+census+of+the+Punjab+taken+on+10th+January%2C+1868.&rft.pages=66&rft.date=1868&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Fsaoa.crl.25057644%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=%28India%29&rft.aufirst=Punjab&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Fsaoa.crl.25057644&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALahore" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Census1881-150">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Census1881_150-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Census1881_150-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.25057656">"Census of India, 1881 Report on the Census of the Panjáb Taken on the 17th of February 1881, vol. I."</a> 1881. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.25057656">saoa.crl.25057656</a>. Retrieved 14 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Census+of+India%2C+1881+Report+on+the+Census+of+the+Panj%C3%A1b+Taken+on+the+17th+of+February+1881%2C+vol.+I.&rft.date=1881&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Fsaoa.crl.25057656%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Fsaoa.crl.25057656&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALahore" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Census1881B-151"><a href="#cite_ref-Census1881B_151-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.25057657">"Census of India, 1881 Report on the Census of the Panjáb Taken on the 17th of February 1881, vol. II"</a>. 1881. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.25057657">saoa.crl.25057657</a>. Retrieved 14 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Census+of+India%2C+1881+Report+on+the+Census+of+the+Panj%C3%A1b+Taken+on+the+17th+of+February+1881%2C+vol.+II.&rft.date=1881&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Fsaoa.crl.25057657%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Fsaoa.crl.25057657&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALahore" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Census1891-152"><a href="#cite_ref-Census1891_152-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/site/SAOA/SouthAsiaOpenArchivesSAOA/CensusReports-1891-26575632/">"CENSUS OF INDIA, 1891 GENERAL TABLES BRITISH PROVINCES AND FEUDATORY STATES VOL I"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230117090448/https://www.jstor.org/site/SAOA/SouthAsiaOpenArchivesSAOA/CensusReports-1891-26575632/">Archived</a> from the original on 17 January 2023. 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Retrieved 15 September 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Nation&rft.atitle=Supreme+Court%27s+Urdu+verdict%3A+No+language+can+be+imposed+from+above&rft.date=2015-09-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnation.com.pk%2Fblogs%2F15-Sep-2015%2Fsupreme-court-s-urdu-verdict-no-language-can-be-imposed-from-above&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALahore" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Business_Recorder_2015-169"><a href="#cite_ref-Business_Recorder_2015_169-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.brecorder.com/top-news/109-world-top-news/254518-two-member-sc-bench-refers-punjabi-language-case-to-cjp.html">"Two-member SC bench refers Punjabi language case to CJP"</a>. 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Web. 19 August 2016. </li> <li id="cite_note-171"><a href="#cite_ref-171">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nation.com.pk/columns/23-Sep-2010/Some-vanished-gardens-of-Lahore,">The Nation newspaper, Published 23 September 2010, Retrieved 27 February 2017</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-172"><a href="#cite_ref-172">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190421163950/http://lahore.city-history.com/places/hazori-bagh/">"Hazori Bagh"</a>. lahore.city-history.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lahore.city-history.com/places/hazori-bagh/">the original</a> on 21 April 2019. Retrieved 27 February 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=lahore.city-history.com&rft.atitle=Hazori+Bagh&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flahore.city-history.com%2Fplaces%2Fhazori-bagh%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALahore" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELatif189287-173"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELatif189287_173-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLatif1892">Latif (1892)</a>, p. 87. </li> <li id="cite_note-174"><a href="#cite_ref-174">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGlover2008">Glover (2008)</a>, p. [<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">page needed</a>]. "Montgomery Hall faced inward, toward the main avenue of what would become a and reading room, a teak dance and "rinking"floor (skating rink), and room for the Gymkhana Club. Lawrence Hall was devoted to the white community in Lahore;the spaces and program of Montgomery Hall allowed for racial interaction between British civilians and officials and the elites of Lahori society." </li> <li id="cite_note-175"><a href="#cite_ref-175">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGlover2008">Glover (2008)</a>, p. [<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">page needed</a>]. "Like Lawrence and Montgomery Halls, moreover, the garden's major elements were all financed through a combination of provincial, municipal, and private funds from both British carefully isolated space of controlled cultural interaction underwritten by elite collaboration. Both the botanical garden and the zoo in Lawrence Gardens drafted a controlled display of exotic nature to the garden's overall didactic program. The botanical garden exhibited over six hundred species of plants, trees, and shrubs, all carefully tended by a horticulturist sent out from the Royal Botanic Gardens at Kew." </li> <li id="cite_note-Ahmed2001-176"><a href="#cite_ref-Ahmed2001_176-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKhaled_Ahmed2001" class="citation book cs1">Khaled Ahmed (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=hjRuAAAAMAAJ">Pakistan: behind the ideological mask : facts about great men we don't want to know</a>. <a href="/wiki/Vanguard_Press" title="Vanguard Press">Vanguard</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-969-402-353-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-969-402-353-3"><bdi>978-969-402-353-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pakistan%3A+behind+the+ideological+mask+%3A+facts+about+great+men+we+don%27t+want+to+know&rft.pub=Vanguard&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-969-402-353-3&rft.au=Khaled+Ahmed&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DhjRuAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALahore" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-HaroonKhalid-177"><a href="#cite_ref-HaroonKhalid_177-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHaroon_Khalid2018" class="citation web cs1">Haroon Khalid (25 April 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dawn.com/news/1403799">"Lahore owes Hindu philanthropist Ganga Ram more than it would care to admit"</a>. 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Retrieved 8 February 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=No+committee+to+develop+ties+with+Lahore%27s+twins&rft.pub=Daily+Times+of+Pakistan&rft.date=2007-03-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dailytimes.com.pk%2Fdefault.asp%3Fpage%3D2007%255C03%255C02%255Cstory_2-3-2007_pg7_43&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALahore" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-dawn-sister-233">^ <a href="#cite_ref-dawn-sister_233-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-dawn-sister_233-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-dawn-sister_233-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-dawn-sister_233-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dawn.com/news/1230842">"Islamabad to get new sister city"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Dawn_(newspaper)" title="Dawn (newspaper)">Dawn</a>. Karachi, Pakistan: <a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Herald_Publications" class="mw-redirect" title="Pakistan Herald Publications">Pakistan Herald Publications</a>. 5 January 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Dawn&rft.atitle=Islamabad+to+get+new+sister+city&rft.date=2016-01-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dawn.com%2Fnews%2F1230842&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALahore" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-heraldscotland-234"><a href="#cite_ref-heraldscotland_234-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.heraldscotland.com/default_content/12436106.glasgow-finds-another-new-twin-punjab/">"Glasgow finds another new twin in Punjab"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Herald_Scotland" class="mw-redirect" title="Herald Scotland">Herald Scotland</a>. 26 May 2006. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230112213028/https://www.heraldscotland.com/default_content/12436106.glasgow-finds-another-new-twin-punjab/">Archived</a> from the original on 12 January 2023. Retrieved 12 January 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Glasgow+finds+another+new+twin+in+Punjab&rft.date=2006-05-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.heraldscotland.com%2Fdefault_content%2F12436106.glasgow-finds-another-new-twin-punjab%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALahore" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-chicago2-235"><a href="#cite_ref-chicago2_235-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080501235446/http://lahore.gov.pk/news/english/english-news.aspx?id=168">"Lahore and Chicago declared sister cities"</a>. City District Government of Lahore. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lahore.gov.pk/news/english/english-news.aspx?id=168">the original</a> on 1 May 2008. Retrieved 8 February 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lahore+and+Chicago+declared+sister+cities&rft.pub=City+District+Government+of+Lahore&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lahore.gov.pk%2Fnews%2Fenglish%2Fenglish-news.aspx%3Fid%3D168&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALahore" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-cordoba-lahore-236"><a href="#cite_ref-cordoba-lahore_236-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAslam2007" class="citation news cs1">Aslam, Talat, ed. (27 April 2007). "Musharraf for Lahore-Cordoba liaison to promote ties with Spain". <a href="/wiki/The_News_International" title="The News International">The News International</a>. Karachi, Pakistan: <a href="/wiki/Jang_Group_of_Newspapers" class="mw-redirect" title="Jang Group of Newspapers">Jang Group of Newspapers</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+News+International&rft.atitle=Musharraf+for+Lahore-Cordoba+liaison+to+promote+ties+with+Spain&rft.date=2007-04-27&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALahore" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Shayan-237">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Shayan_237-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Shayan_237-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSyed_Shayan2015" class="citation web cs1">Syed Shayan (February 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160305094736/http://www.peela.pk/column4.html">"Ground Realities 4"</a>. Akhbar Peela. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.peela.pk/column4.html">the original</a> on 5 March 2016. Retrieved 23 October 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ground+Realities+4&rft.pub=Akhbar+Peela&rft.date=2015-02&rft.au=Syed+Shayan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.peela.pk%2Fcolumn4.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALahore" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-238"><a href="#cite_ref-238">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mail.camara.rj.gov.br/APL/Legislativos/contlei.nsf/66ff1c35b8d68ddd032578690069dda8/22079af2dbb477688325807600636fa4?OpenDocument">"Lei nº 6.105/2016"</a> (in Portuguese). Câmara Municipal do Rio de Janeiro. 25 November 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161129025115/http://mail.camara.rj.gov.br/APL/Legislativos/contlei.nsf/66ff1c35b8d68ddd032578690069dda8/22079af2dbb477688325807600636fa4?OpenDocument">Archived</a> from the original on 29 November 2016. Retrieved 28 November 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lei+n%C2%BA+6.105%2F2016&rft.pub=C%C3%A2mara+Municipal+do+Rio+de+Janeiro&rft.date=2016-11-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmail.camara.rj.gov.br%2FAPL%2FLegislativos%2Fcontlei.nsf%2F66ff1c35b8d68ddd032578690069dda8%2F22079af2dbb477688325807600636fa4%3FOpenDocument&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALahore" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-239"><a href="#cite_ref-239">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tribune.com.pk/story/601035/commemorating-sept-1965-nation-celebrates-defence-day-with-fervour?amp=1">"Commemorating Sept 1965: Nation celebrates Defence Day with fervour"</a>. The Express Tribune. 6 September 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210112234144/https://tribune.com.pk/story/601035/commemorating-sept-1965-nation-celebrates-defence-day-with-fervour?amp=1">Archived</a> from the original on 12 January 2021. Retrieved 7 December 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Express+Tribune&rft.atitle=Commemorating+Sept+1965%3A+Nation+celebrates+Defence+Day+with+fervour&rft.date=2013-09-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftribune.com.pk%2Fstory%2F601035%2Fcommemorating-sept-1965-nation-celebrates-defence-day-with-fervour%3Famp%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALahore" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-240"><a href="#cite_ref-240">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dawn.com/news/56110/defence-day-celebrated-with-renewed-pledges">"Defence Day celebrated with renewed pledges"</a>. Dawn. 7 September 2002. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200630093031/https://www.dawn.com/news/56110/defence-day-celebrated-with-renewed-pledges">Archived</a> from the original on 30 June 2020. Retrieved 7 December 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Dawn&rft.atitle=Defence+Day+celebrated+with+renewed+pledges&rft.date=2002-09-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dawn.com%2Fnews%2F56110%2Fdefence-day-celebrated-with-renewed-pledges&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALahore" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lahore&action=edit&section=77" title="Edit section: Bibliography">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Lahore#Bibliography" title="Timeline of Lahore">Bibliography of the history of Lahore</a></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGlover2008" class="citation book cs1">Glover, William (2008). Making Lahore Modern, Constructing and Imagining a Colonial City. Univ. of Minnesota Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8166-5022-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8166-5022-4"><bdi>978-0-8166-5022-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Making+Lahore+Modern%2C+Constructing+and+Imagining+a+Colonial+City&rft.pub=Univ.+of+Minnesota+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-8166-5022-4&rft.aulast=Glover&rft.aufirst=William&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALahore" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKudaisyaYong2004" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Gyanesh_Kudaisya" title="Gyanesh Kudaisya">Kudaisya, Gyanesh</a>; <a href="/wiki/Tan_Tai_Yong" title="Tan Tai Yong">Yong, Tan Tai</a> (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=aPOBAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA173">The Aftermath of Partition in South Asia</a>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1134440481" title="Special:BookSources/978-1134440481"><bdi>978-1134440481</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Aftermath+of+Partition+in+South+Asia&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-1134440481&rft.aulast=Kudaisya&rft.aufirst=Gyanesh&rft.au=Yong%2C+Tan+Tai&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DaPOBAgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA173&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALahore" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLatif1892" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Syad_Muhammad_Latif" title="Syad Muhammad Latif">Latif, Syad Muhammad</a> (1892). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=RWsTAAAAQAAJ">Lahore: Its History, Architectural Remains and Antiquities</a>. New Imperial Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lahore%3A+Its+History%2C+Architectural+Remains+and+Antiquities&rft.pub=New+Imperial+Press&rft.date=1892&rft.aulast=Latif&rft.aufirst=Syad+Muhammad&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DRWsTAAAAQAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALahore" class="Z3988"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.536426">Internet Archive</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNeville2006" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Pran_Nevile" title="Pran Nevile">Neville, Pran</a> (2006). Lahore: A Sentimental Journey. Penguin Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-14-306197-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-14-306197-7"><bdi>978-0-14-306197-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lahore%3A+A+Sentimental+Journey&rft.pub=Penguin+Books&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-14-306197-7&rft.aulast=Neville&rft.aufirst=Pran&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALahore" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSidhwa2005" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Bapsi_Sidhwa" title="Bapsi Sidhwa">Sidhwa, Bapsi</a> (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=AxnjJp_kpFkC&pg=PA23">City of Sin and Splendour: Writings on Lahore</a>. Penguin Books India. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-14-303166-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-14-303166-6"><bdi>978-0-14-303166-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=City+of+Sin+and+Splendour%3A+Writings+on+Lahore&rft.pub=Penguin+Books+India&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-14-303166-6&rft.aulast=Sidhwa&rft.aufirst=Bapsi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DAxnjJp_kpFkC%26pg%3DPA23&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALahore" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWink2002a" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Wink" title="André Wink">Wink, André</a> (2002a). Al-Hind, the Making of the Indo-Islamic World. Vol. I, early medieval India and the expansion of Islam, 7th-11th centuries. Boston and Leiden: Brill Academic Publishers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-391-04173-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-391-04173-8"><bdi>0-391-04173-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Al-Hind%2C+the+Making+of+the+Indo-Islamic+World.+Vol.+I%2C+early+medieval+India+and+the+expansion+of+Islam%2C+7th-11th+centuries&rft.place=Boston+and+Leiden&rft.pub=Brill+Academic+Publishers&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0-391-04173-8&rft.aulast=Wink&rft.aufirst=Andr%C3%A9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALahore" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWink2002b" class="citation book cs1">Wink, André (2002b). Al-Hind, the Making of the Indo-Islamic World. Vol. II, the Slave Kings and the Islamic Conquest, 11th–13th centuries. Boston and Leiden: Brill Academic Publishers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-391-04174-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-391-04174-6"><bdi>0-391-04174-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Al-Hind%2C+the+Making+of+the+Indo-Islamic+World.+Vol.+II%2C+the+Slave+Kings+and+the+Islamic+Conquest%2C+11th%E2%80%9313th+centuries&rft.place=Boston+and+Leiden&rft.pub=Brill+Academic+Publishers&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0-391-04174-6&rft.aulast=Wink&rft.aufirst=Andr%C3%A9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALahore" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lahore&action=edit&section=78" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1250146164">.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow{padding:0.75em 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow>b{display:block}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul{border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.75em 0;width:217px;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul>li{min-height:31px}.mw-parser-output .sister-logo{display:inline-block;width:31px;line-height:31px;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-link{display:inline-block;margin-left:4px;width:182px;vertical-align:middle}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div role="navigation" aria-labelledby="sister-projects" class="side-box metadata side-box-right sister-box sistersitebox plainlinks"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> Lahore at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects">sister projects</a></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/27px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/41px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/54px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="391" data-file-height="391" /><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/Lahore" class="extiw" title="wikt:Special:Search/Lahore">Definitions</a> from Wiktionary</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Lahore" class="extiw" title="c:Category:Lahore">Media</a> from Commons</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/27px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/41px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/54px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415" /><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Category:Lahore" class="extiw" title="n:Category:Lahore">News</a> from Wikinews</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/23px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/35px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/46px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Lahore" class="extiw" title="q:Lahore">Quotations</a> from Wikiquote</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/26px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/39px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/51px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:Search/Lahore" class="extiw" title="s:Special:Search/Lahore">Texts</a> from Wikisource</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/27px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/41px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/54px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:Search/Lahore" class="extiw" title="b:Special:Search/Lahore">Textbooks</a> from Wikibooks</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/27px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/41px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/54px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="626" data-file-height="512" /><a href="https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Special:Search/Lahore" class="extiw" title="v:Special:Search/Lahore">Resources</a> from Wikiversity</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/27px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/41px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/54px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Lahore" class="extiw" title="voy:Lahore">Travel information</a> from Wikivoyage</li></ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lahore-mc.punjab.gov.pk">Official website</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output 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.navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Lahore" title="Template:Lahore"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Lahore" title="Template talk:Lahore"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Lahore" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Lahore"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Lahore_topics275" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Lahore</a> topics</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Lahore" title="History of Lahore">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Origins_of_Lahore" title="Origins of Lahore">Origins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etymology_of_Lahore" title="Etymology of Lahore">Etymology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_period_in_Lahore" title="Hindu period in Lahore">Hindu rule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_Muslim_period_in_Lahore" title="Early Muslim period in Lahore">Early Muslim period</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mughal_period_in_Lahore" title="Mughal period in Lahore">Mughal rule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikh_period_in_Lahore" title="Sikh period in Lahore">Sikh rule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Lahore#British_Raj" title="History of Lahore">British rule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lahore_Resolution" title="Lahore Resolution">Lahore Resolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Pakistani_War_of_1965" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-Pakistani War of 1965">1965 War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lahore_Declaration" title="Lahore Declaration">Lahore Declaration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Lahore" title="Timeline of Lahore">Timeline</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Lahore" title="Geography of Lahore">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Lahore" title="Climate of Lahore">Climate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ravi_River" title="Ravi River">Ravi River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildlife_of_Lahore_District" title="Wildlife of Lahore District">Wildlife</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Lahore" title="Demographics of Lahore">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Neighbourhoods_of_Lahore" title="Template:Neighbourhoods of Lahore">Regions and towns</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Lahore" title="Economy of Lahore">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lahore_Stock_Exchange" class="mw-redirect" title="Lahore Stock Exchange">Stock market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Lahore" title="Education in Lahore">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_Pakistan" title="List of tallest buildings in Pakistan">Tallest buildings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_twin_towns_and_sister_cities_in_Pakistan#Lahore" title="List of twin towns and sister cities in Pakistan">Sister cities</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Lahore" title="Culture of Lahore">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Lahore" title="Architecture of Lahore">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lollywood" title="Lollywood">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lahori_cuisine" title="Lahori cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Festivals_in_Lahore" title="Festivals in Lahore">Festivals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_language" title="Punjabi language">Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Punjab" title="Music of Punjab">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_Lahore" title="List of people from Lahore">People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Lahore" title="Religion in Lahore">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shopping_in_Lahore" title="Shopping in Lahore">Shopping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_sports_venues_in_Lahore" title="List of sports venues in Lahore">Sports</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_places_in_Lahore" title="List of places in Lahore">Places</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_hospitals_in_Lahore" title="List of hospitals in Lahore">Hospitals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_educational_institutions_in_Lahore" title="List of educational institutions in Lahore">Educational institutions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_libraries_in_Lahore" title="List of libraries in Lahore">Libraries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mosques_in_Lahore" title="List of mosques in Lahore">Mosques</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_parks_and_gardens_in_Lahore" title="List of parks and gardens in Lahore">Parks and gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_sports_venues_in_Lahore" title="List of sports venues in Lahore">Sports venues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temples_in_Lahore" class="mw-redirect" title="Temples in Lahore">Temples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gurdwaras_in_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Gurdwaras in Pakistan">Gurdwaras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_churches_in_Pakistan#Lahore" title="List of churches in Pakistan">Churches</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Lahore" title="Transport in Lahore">Transport</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Air</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allama_Iqbal_International_Airport" title="Allama Iqbal International Airport">Allama Iqbal International Airport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Road</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lahore_Metrobus" title="Lahore Metrobus">Lahore Metrobus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Rail</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lahore_Metro" title="Lahore Metro">Lahore Metro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lahore_Junction_railway_station" title="Lahore Junction railway station">Lahore Junction Railway Station</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Category:Lahore" title="Category:Lahore">Category</a> • <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/category:Lahore" class="extiw" title="commons:category:Lahore">Commons</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Articles_related_to_Lahore93" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="Articles_related_to_Lahore93" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Articles related to Lahore</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Neighbourhoods_in_Lahore304" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Neighbourhoods_of_Lahore" title="Template:Neighbourhoods of Lahore"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Neighbourhoods_of_Lahore" title="Template talk:Neighbourhoods of Lahore"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Neighbourhoods_of_Lahore" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Neighbourhoods of Lahore"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Neighbourhoods_in_Lahore304" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_towns_in_Lahore" title="List of towns in Lahore">Neighbourhoods</a> in <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Lahore</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gulberg,_Lahore" title="Gulberg, Lahore">Gulberg</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Signal_Shop&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Signal Shop (page does not exist)">Signal Shop</a> (UC 118)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Railway_Colony&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Railway Colony (page does not exist)">Railway Colony</a> (UC 119)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daras_Choty_Mian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daras Choty Mian (page does not exist)">Daras Choty Mian</a> (UC 120)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daras_Baray_Mian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daras Baray Mian (page does not exist)">Daras Baray Mian</a> (UC 122)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garhi_Shahu" title="Garhi Shahu">Garhi Shahu</a> (UC 123)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Barganza&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Barganza (page does not exist)">Barganza</a> (UC 124)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bibi_Pak_Daman" title="Bibi Pak Daman">Bibi Pak Daman</a> (UC 172)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sarak-e-Habib_Ullah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sarak-e-Habib Ullah (page does not exist)">Sarak-e-Habib Ullah</a> (UC 173)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Basti_Syedan_Shah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Basti Syedan Shah (page does not exist)">Basti Syedan Shah</a> (UC 185)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Canal_Bagh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Canal Bagh (page does not exist)">Canal Bagh</a> (UC 200)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shahrak-e-Ghous_Azam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shahrak-e-Ghous Azam (page does not exist)">Shahrak-e-Ghous Azam</a> (UC 201)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulberg,_Lahore" title="Gulberg, Lahore">Gulberg III</a> (UC 202)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Union_Council_203,_Lahore&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Union Council 203, Lahore (page does not exist)">UC 203</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Union_Council_204,_Lahore&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Union Council 204, Lahore (page does not exist)">UC 204</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shahrak-e-Makka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shahrak-e-Makka (page does not exist)">Shahrak-e-Makka</a> (UC 205)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gopal_Nagar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gopal Nagar (page does not exist)">Gopal Nagar</a> (UC 206)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Model_Town,_Lahore" title="Model Town, Lahore">Model Town</a> (UC 207)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garden_Town_(Pakistan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Garden Town (Pakistan)">Garden Town</a> (UC 208)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Model_Town,_Lahore" title="Model Town, Lahore">Model Town Extension</a> (UC 208)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faisal_Town" title="Faisal Town">Shahrak-e-Faisal</a> (UC 210)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kohta_Pind&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kohta Pind (page does not exist)">Kohta Pind</a> (UC 211)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Model_Town,_Lahore" title="Model Town, Lahore">Model Town Q</a> (UC 223)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pindi_Rajpotan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pindi Rajpotan (page does not exist)">Pindi Rajpotan</a> (UC 224)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kot_Lakhpat" title="Kot Lakhpat">Kot Lakhpat</a> (UC 225)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Model_Town,_Lahore" title="Model Town, Lahore">Model Town R</a> (UC 226)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="10" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Lahore-Administrative_towns.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Lahore-Administrative_towns.png/80px-Lahore-Administrative_towns.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="51" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Lahore-Administrative_towns.png/120px-Lahore-Administrative_towns.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Lahore-Administrative_towns.png/160px-Lahore-Administrative_towns.png 2x" data-file-width="2811" data-file-height="1799" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Shalimar_Zone" class="mw-redirect" title="Shalimar Zone">Shalimar</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bhaghatpura&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bhaghatpura (page does not exist)">Bhaghatpura</a> (UC 24)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Akram_Bagh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Akram Bagh (page does not exist)">Akram Bagh</a> (UC 26)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fazal_Bagh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fazal Bagh (page does not exist)">Fazal Bagh</a> (UC 27)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jehangir_Bagh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jehangir Bagh (page does not exist)">Jehangir Bagh</a> (UC 28)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fazal_Bagh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fazal Bagh (page does not exist)">Fazal Bagh</a> (UC 31)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hussain_Bagh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hussain Bagh (page does not exist)">Hussain Bagh</a> (UC 40)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Makhanpura&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Makhanpura (page does not exist)">Makhanpura</a> (UC 41)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dhobighat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dhobighat (page does not exist)">Dhobighat</a> (UC 42)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sultanpura&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sultanpura (page does not exist)">Sultanpura</a> (UC 43)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Misri_Shah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Misri Shah (page does not exist)">Misri Shah</a> (UC 44)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chah_Miran&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chah Miran (page does not exist)">Chah Miran</a> (UC 45)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Katchopura&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Katchopura (page does not exist)">Katchopura</a> (UC 46)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wassanpura&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wassanpura (page does not exist)">Wassanpura</a> (UC 47)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crown_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Crown Park (page does not exist)">Crown Park</a> (UC 121)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baghbanpura" title="Baghbanpura">Baghbanpura</a> (UC 125)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hazrat_Mukhdoom_Baha-ud-Din_Shah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hazrat Mukhdoom Baha-ud-Din Shah (page does not exist)">Hazrat Mukhdoom Baha-ud-Din Shah</a> (UC 127)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hazrat_Madhu_Lal_Hussain&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hazrat Madhu Lal Hussain (page does not exist)">Hazrat Madhu Lal Hussain</a> (UC 128)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shahrak-e-Muhammad_Din&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shahrak-e-Muhammad Din (page does not exist)">Shahrak-e-Muhammad Din</a> (UC 129)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shahrak-e-Madina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shahrak-e-Madina (page does not exist)">Shahrak-e-Madina</a> (UC 130)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Angori_Bagh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Angori Bagh (page does not exist)">Angori Bagh</a> (UC 153)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kotli_Peer_Abdul_Rehman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kotli Peer Abdul Rehman (page does not exist)">Kotli Peer Abdul Rehman</a> (UC 154)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sahowarri&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sahowarri (page does not exist)">Sahowarri</a> (UC 156)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gujjarpura,_Lahore&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gujjarpura, Lahore (page does not exist)">Gujjarpura</a> (UC 161)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Qamar_Din_Bagh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Qamar Din Bagh (page does not exist)">Qamar Din Bagh</a> (UC 161)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shahrak-e-Multani&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shahrak-e-Multani (page does not exist)">Shahrak-e-Multani</a> (UC 163)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rehmatpura&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rehmatpura (page does not exist)">Rehmatpura</a> (UC 164)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ghous_Bagh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ghous Bagh (page does not exist)">Ghous Bagh</a> (UC 165)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shah_Noor_Bagh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shah Noor Bagh (page does not exist)">Shah Noor Bagh</a> (UC 166)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bilal_Bagh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bilal Bagh (page does not exist)">Bilal Bagh</a> (UC 167)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ravi_Zone" class="mw-redirect" title="Ravi Zone">Ravi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kot_Begum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kot Begum (page does not exist)">Kot Begum</a> (UC 1)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yousaf_Bagh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yousaf Bagh (page does not exist)">Yousaf Bagh</a> (UC 2)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kot_Kamboh,_Lahore&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kot Kamboh, Lahore (page does not exist)">Kot Kamboh</a> (UC 3)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shamsabad,_Lahore&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shamsabad, Lahore (page does not exist)">Shamsabad</a> (UC 4)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chah_Cheemay_Walay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chah Cheemay Walay (page does not exist)">Chah Cheemay Walay</a> (UC 5)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shahrak-e-Aziz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shahrak-e-Aziz (page does not exist)">Shahrak-e-Aziz</a> (UC 6)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lajpat_Nagar,_Lahore&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lajpat Nagar, Lahore (page does not exist)">Lajpat Nagar</a> (UC 7)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faisal_Bagh" title="Faisal Bagh">Faisal Bagh</a> (UC 8)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Javed_Bagh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Javed Bagh (page does not exist)">Javed Bagh</a> (UC 9)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shahrak-e-Qaisar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shahrak-e-Qaisar (page does not exist)">Shahrak-e-Qaisar</a> (UC 05)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Majeed_Bagh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Majeed Bagh (page does not exist)">Majeed Bagh</a> (UC 11)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Qazi_Bagh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Qazi Bagh (page does not exist)">Qazi Bagh</a> (UC 12)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ravi-Clifton&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ravi-Clifton (page does not exist)">Ravi-Clifton</a> (UC 13)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ladhay_Shah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ladhay Shah (page does not exist)">Ladhay Shah</a> (UC 14)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Qila_Lachman_Singh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Qila Lachman Singh (page does not exist)">Qila Lachman Singh</a> (UC 15)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shahrak-e-Auqaf&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shahrak-e-Auqaf (page does not exist)">Shahrak-e-Auqaf</a> (UC 16)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Farooqganj&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Farooqganj (page does not exist)">Farooqganj</a> (UC 17)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hanif_Bagh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hanif Bagh (page does not exist)">Hanif Bagh</a> (UC 18)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siddiqpue_Pura&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Siddiqpue Pura (page does not exist)">Siddiqpue Pura</a> (UC 19)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shahrak-e-Larex&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shahrak-e-Larex (page does not exist)">Shahrak-e-Larex</a> (UC 20)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shahrak-e-Badar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shahrak-e-Badar (page does not exist)">Shahrak-e-Badar</a> (UC 21)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Data_Nagar,_Lahore&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Data Nagar, Lahore (page does not exist)">Data Nagar</a> (UC 22)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shahrak-e-Saddiqua&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shahrak-e-Saddiqua (page does not exist)">Shahrak-e-Saddiqua</a> (UC 23)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bhama_Jhugian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bhama Jhugian (page does not exist)">Bhama Jhugian</a> (UC 25)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Usmanganj&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Usmanganj (page does not exist)">Usmanganj</a> (UC 29)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Manzoorabad&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Manzoorabad (page does not exist)">Manzoorabad</a>, <a href="/wiki/Taxali_Gate" title="Taxali Gate">Taxali Gate</a> (UC 30)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mochi_Gate" title="Mochi Gate">Mochi Gate</a> (UC 31)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Azam_Markaz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Azam Markaz (page does not exist)">Azam Markaz</a> (UC 33)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shah_Alam_Markaz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shah Alam Markaz (page does not exist)">Shah Alam Markaz</a> (UC 34)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rang_Mahal,_Lahore&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rang Mahal, Lahore (page does not exist)">Rang Mahal, Lahore</a> (UC 35)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lohari_Gate,_Lahore" title="Lohari Gate, Lahore">Lohari Gate</a> (UC 36)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhati_Gate" title="Bhati Gate">Bhati Gate</a> (UC 37)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shahi_Qila,_Lahore" class="mw-redirect" title="Shahi Qila, Lahore">Shahi Qila</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lahore_Fort" title="Lahore Fort">Lahore Fort</a> (UC 38)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Begampura" title="Begampura">Begampura</a> (UC 126)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sootar_Mandi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sootar Mandi (page does not exist)">Sootar Mandi</a> (UC 39)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Wagah Zone</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karol_War&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karol War (page does not exist)">Karol War</a> (UC 108)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Naseerabad,_Lahore&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Naseerabad, Lahore (page does not exist)">Naseerabad</a> (UC 131)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mehmood_Boti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mehmood Boti (page does not exist)">Mehmood Boti</a> (UC 132)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sabz_Bagh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sabz Bagh (page does not exist)">Sabz Bagh</a> (UC 133)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muslimabad,_Lahore&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Muslimabad, Lahore (page does not exist)">Muslimabad</a> (UC 134)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sirajpura&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sirajpura (page does not exist)">Sirajpura</a> (UC 135)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daroghawala&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daroghawala (page does not exist)">Daroghawala</a> (UC 136)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shadipura&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shadipura (page does not exist)">Shadipura</a> (UC 137)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mominpura&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mominpura (page does not exist)">Mominpura</a> (UC 138)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Salamat_Pura&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Salamat Pura (page does not exist)">Salamat Pura</a> (UC 143)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Warra_Sattar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Warra Sattar (page does not exist)">Warra Sattar</a> (UC 144)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lakhu_Dhair&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lakhu Dhair (page does not exist)">Lakhu Dhair</a> (UC 174)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hando_Gujjran&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hando Gujjran (page does not exist)">Hando Gujjran</a> (UC 175)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Awan_Dhaiye_Wala&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Awan Dhaiye Wala (page does not exist)">Awan Dhaiye Wala</a> (UC 176)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Attoke_Awan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Attoke Awan (page does not exist)">Attoke Awan</a> (UC 177)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Manawan_Rampur_Jageer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Manawan Rampur Jageer (page does not exist)">Manawan Rampur Jageer</a> (UC 178)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bhaseen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bhaseen (page does not exist)">Bhaseen</a> (UC 179)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Minhala_Kalan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Minhala Kalan (page does not exist)">Minhala Kalan</a>-<a href="/wiki/Nathoki" title="Nathoki">Nathoki</a> (UC 180)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wahga" class="mw-redirect" title="Wahga">Wahga</a> (UC 181)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dogra_Kalan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dogra Kalan (page does not exist)">Dogra Kalan</a> (UC 182)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khaira,_Lahore&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Khaira, Lahore (page does not exist)">Khaira</a>-<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jallo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jallo (page does not exist)">Jallo</a> (UC 183)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Barki,_Lahore&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Barki, Lahore (page does not exist)">Barki</a> (UC 189)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hadiyara&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hadiyara (page does not exist)">Hadiyara</a> (UC 190)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gawind&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gawind (page does not exist)">Gawind</a> (UC 191)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lidher&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lidher (page does not exist)">Lidher</a> (UC 194)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Aziz_Bhatti_Zone" class="mw-redirect" title="Aziz Bhatti Zone">Aziz Bhatti</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daroghawala&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daroghawala (page does not exist)">Daroghawala</a> (UC 139)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fatehgarh,_Lahore&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fatehgarh, Lahore (page does not exist)">Fatehgarh</a> (UC 140)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rashidpura&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rashidpura (page does not exist)">Rashidpura</a> (UC 141)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nabipura,_Lahore&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nabipura, Lahore (page does not exist)">Nabipura</a> (UC 142)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harbanspura" title="Harbanspura">Harbanspura</a> (UC 145)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panj_Peer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Panj Peer (page does not exist)">Panj Peer</a> (UC 146)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shahrak-e-Razaq&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shahrak-e-Razaq (page does not exist)">Shahrak-e-Razaq</a> (UC 147)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tajpura,_Lahore&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tajpura, Lahore (page does not exist)">Tajpura</a> (UC 148)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Al_Faisal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al Faisal (page does not exist)">Al Faisal</a> (UC 149)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rangers_Saddar_Daftar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rangers Saddar Daftar (page does not exist)">Rangers Saddar Daftar</a> (UC 150)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shahrak-e-Guldasht&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shahrak-e-Guldasht (page does not exist)">Shahrak-e-Guldasht</a> (UC 151)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nawa_Pind&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nawa Pind (page does not exist)">Nawa Pind</a> (UC 152)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faisal_Bagh" title="Faisal Bagh">Faisal Bagh</a> (UC 155)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mughalpura" class="mw-redirect" title="Mughalpura">Mughalpura</a> (UC 157)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nabinagar,_Lahore&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nabinagar, Lahore (page does not exist)">Nabinagar</a> (UC 158)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ghaziabad,_Lahore&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ghaziabad, Lahore (page does not exist)">Ghaziabad</a> (UC 159)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nizamabad,_Lahore&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nizamabad, Lahore (page does not exist)">Nizamabad</a> (UC 160)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dry_Port_Mughalpura&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dry Port Mughalpura (page does not exist)">Dry Port Mughalpura</a> (UC 184)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madni_Mohallah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Madni Mohallah (page does not exist)">Madni Mohallah</a> (UC 186)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dharampura" title="Dharampura">Mustafabad</a> (<a href="/wiki/Dharampura" title="Dharampura">Dharampura</a>) (UC 187)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mian_Meer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mian Meer (page does not exist)">Mian Meer</a> (UC 188)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Terra,_Lahore&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Terra, Lahore (page does not exist)">Terra</a> (UC 192)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bangali,_Lahore&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bangali, Lahore (page does not exist)">Bangali</a> (UC 193)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Data_Sahib_Zone" title="Data Sahib Zone">Data Sahib</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bilal_Gunj" title="Bilal Gunj">Bilal Gunj</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marzipura&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marzipura (page does not exist)">Marzipura</a> (UC 48)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kasoorpura&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kasoorpura (page does not exist)">Kasoorpura</a> (UC 49)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shafique_Abad&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shafique Abad (page does not exist)">Shafique Abad</a> (UC 50)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amin_Bagh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Amin Bagh (page does not exist)">Amin Bagh</a> (UC 51)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nasir_Bagh,_Lahore&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nasir Bagh, Lahore (page does not exist)">Nasir Bagh</a> (UC 52)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karim_Bagh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karim Bagh (page does not exist)">Karim Bagh</a> (UC 53)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Data_Darbar_Peer_Makki&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Data Darbar Peer Makki (page does not exist)">Data Darbar Peer Makki</a> (UC 54)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mian_Shams-ud-Din_Bagh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mian Shams-ud-Din Bagh (page does not exist)">Mian Shams-ud-Din Bagh</a> (UC 55)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mian_Munshi_Bagh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mian Munshi Bagh (page does not exist)">Mian Munshi Bagh</a> (UC 56)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Toheed_Bagh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Toheed Bagh (page does not exist)">Toheed Bagh</a> (UC 57)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sanat_Nagar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sanat Nagar (page does not exist)">Sanat Nagar</a> (UC 58)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chuhan_Bagh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chuhan Bagh (page does not exist)">Chuhan Bagh</a> (UC 59)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chuhan_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chuhan Park (page does not exist)">Chuhan Park</a> (UC 60)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarkali_Bazaar" title="Anarkali Bazaar">Porani Anarkali</a> (UC 61)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beadan_Sarak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Beadan Sarak (page does not exist)">Beadan Sarak</a> (UC 62)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Naya_Anarkali&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Naya Anarkali (page does not exist)">Naya Anarkali</a> (UC 63)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rewaz_Bagh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rewaz Bagh (page does not exist)">Rewaz Bagh</a> (UC 64)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islampura" title="Islampura">Islampura</a> (UC 65)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanda,_Lahore" title="Sanda, Lahore">Sanda</a> (UC 66)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sadaqat_Bagh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sadaqat Bagh (page does not exist)">Sadaqat Bagh</a> (UC 67)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozang" class="mw-redirect" title="Mozang">Mozang</a> (UC 68)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sir_Ganga_Ram" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir Ganga Ram">Sir Ganga Ram</a> (UC 69)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sarai_Sultan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sarai Sultan (page does not exist)">Sarai Sultan</a> (UC 70)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanda_Kalan" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanda Kalan">Sanda Kalan</a> (UC 71)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Usman_Ganj&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Usman Ganj (page does not exist)">Usman Ganj</a> (UC 72)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raj_Garh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Raj Garh (page does not exist)">Raj Garh</a> (UC 73)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sanda_Khurd&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sanda Khurd (page does not exist)">Sanda Khurd</a> (UC 74)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=G.O.R&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="G.O.R (page does not exist)">G.O.R</a> (UC 81)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gawalmandi" title="Gawalmandi">Gawalmandi</a> (UC 168)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nisbat_Sarak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nisbat Sarak (page does not exist)">Nisbat Sarak</a> (UC 169)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shah_Abdul_Mali&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shah Abdul Mali (page does not exist)">Shah Abdul Mali</a> (UC 170)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qila_Gujar_Singh" title="Qila Gujar Singh">Qila Gujar Singh</a> (UC 171)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shadman,_Lahore" class="mw-redirect" title="Shadman, Lahore">Shadman</a> (UC 198)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shah_Jamal" class="mw-redirect" title="Shah Jamal">Shah Jamal</a> (UC 199)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Samanabad_Zone" class="mw-redirect" title="Samanabad Zone">Samanabad</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Samanabad" title="Samanabad">Samanabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulshan-e-Ravi" title="Gulshan-e-Ravi">Gulshan-e-Ravi</a> (UC 75)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Naya_Choburji_Bagh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Naya Choburji Bagh (page does not exist)">Naya Choburji Bagh</a> (UC 76)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulshan-e-Ravi" title="Gulshan-e-Ravi">Gulshan-e-Ravi A</a> (UC 77)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulshan-e-Ravi" title="Gulshan-e-Ravi">Gulshan-e-Ravi F</a> (UC 78)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rustam_Bagh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rustam Bagh (page does not exist)">Rustam Bagh</a> (UC 79)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shahrak-e-Gulgashat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shahrak-e-Gulgashat (page does not exist)">Shahrak-e-Gulgashat</a> (UC 80)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamia_Park" title="Islamia Park">Islamia Park</a> (UC 82)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahawalpur_Ghar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahawalpur Ghar (page does not exist)">Bahawalpur Ghar</a> (UC 83)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ichhra" title="Ichhra">Ichhra</a> (UC 84)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rehmanpura&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rehmanpura (page does not exist)">Rehmanpura</a> (UC 85)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Naya_Samanabad&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Naya Samanabad (page does not exist)">Naya Samanabad</a> (UC 86)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muhammadpura&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Muhammadpura (page does not exist)">Muhammadpura</a> (UC 87)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamboh" class="mw-redirect" title="Kamboh">Kamboh</a> (UC 88)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nawankot&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nawankot (page does not exist)">Nawankot</a> (UC 89)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zubaida_Bagh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zubaida Bagh (page does not exist)">Zubaida Bagh</a> (UC 90)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dungigah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dungigah (page does not exist)">Dungigah</a> (UC 91)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Union_Bagh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Union Bagh (page does not exist)">Union Bagh</a> (UC 92)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaheenabad" title="Shaheenabad">Shaheenabad</a> (UC 93)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sodiwal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sodiwal (page does not exist)">Sodiwal</a> (UC 94)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shahrak-e-Shalamar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shahrak-e-Shalamar (page does not exist)">Shahrak-e-Shalamar</a> (UC 99)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Babu_Sabu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Babu Sabu (page does not exist)">Babu Sabu</a> (UC 100)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shahrak-e-Jafaria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shahrak-e-Jafaria (page does not exist)">Shahrak-e-Jafaria</a> (UC 104)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pakki_Thatti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pakki Thatti (page does not exist)">Pakki Thatti</a> (UC 107)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iqbal_Town,_Lahore" title="Iqbal Town, Lahore">Huma</a> (UC 212)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iqbal_Town,_Lahore" title="Iqbal Town, Lahore">Kashmir</a> (UC 213)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iqbal_Town,_Lahore" title="Iqbal Town, Lahore">Raza</a> (UC 214)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iqbal_Town,_Lahore" title="Iqbal Town, Lahore">Karim</a> (UC 215)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muslim,_Lahore&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Muslim, Lahore (page does not exist)">Muslim</a> (UC 216)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shah_Jamal" class="mw-redirect" title="Shah Jamal">Shah Jamal</a> (UC 217)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iqbal_Town,_Lahore" title="Iqbal Town, Lahore">Jahanzaib</a> (UC 218)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iqbal_Town,_Lahore" title="Iqbal Town, Lahore">Neelum</a> (UC 219)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Allama_Iqbal_Zone" class="mw-redirect" title="Allama Iqbal Zone">Allama Iqbal Zone</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dholanwal,_Lahore&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dholanwal, Lahore (page does not exist)">Dholanwal</a> (UC 95)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabzazar_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Sabzazar I">Sabzazar A</a> (UC 96)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saeed_Pur,_Lahore&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saeed Pur, Lahore (page does not exist)">Saeed Pur</a> (UC 97)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabzazar" title="Sabzazar">Sabzazar</a> (UC 98)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kot_Kamboh,_Lahore&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kot Kamboh, Lahore (page does not exist)">Kot Kamboh</a> (UC 101)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jhugian_Nagra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jhugian Nagra (page does not exist)">Jhugian Nagra</a> (UC 102)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabzazar_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Sabzazar II">Sabzazar K</a> (UC 103)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hassan_Town" title="Hassan Town">Hassan</a>-<a href="/wiki/Awan_Town" title="Awan Town">Awan</a> (UC 105)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mustafa_Bagh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mustafa Bagh (page does not exist)">Mustafa Bagh</a>-<a href="/w/index.php?title=Dubanpura&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dubanpura (page does not exist)">Dubanpura</a> (UC 106)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shahrak-e-Margazar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shahrak-e-Margazar (page does not exist)">Shahrak-e-Margazar</a> (UC 109)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thokar_Niaz_Beg" class="mw-redirect" title="Thokar Niaz Beg">Thokar Niaz Beg</a> (UC 110)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hanjarwal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hanjarwal (page does not exist)">Hanjarwal</a> (UC 111)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shahrak-e-Mustafa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shahrak-e-Mustafa (page does not exist)">Shahrak-e-Mustafa</a> (UC 112)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Canal_View&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Canal View (page does not exist)">Canal View</a> (UC 113)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johar_Town" title="Johar Town">Shahrak-e-Johar</a> (UC 114)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johar_Town" title="Johar Town">Johar-PIA</a> (UC 115)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=EME_Society&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="EME Society (page does not exist)">EME</a> (UC 116)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shahpur,_Lahore&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shahpur, Lahore (page does not exist)">Shahpur</a> (UC 117)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mansoorah,_Lahore" title="Mansoorah, Lahore">Mansoorah</a> (UC 117)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shahrak-e-Wafaqi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shahrak-e-Wafaqi (page does not exist)">Shahrak-e-Wafaqi</a> (UC 220)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johar_Town" title="Johar Town">Johar E</a> (UC 221)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ajhodia_Pur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ajhodia Pur (page does not exist)">Ajhodia Pur</a> (UC 222)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Township,_Lahore" title="Township, Lahore">Township B1</a> (UC 232)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Township,_Lahore" title="Township, Lahore">Township II</a> (UC 233)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Township,_Lahore" title="Township, Lahore">Township I</a> (UC 234)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Satta_Katla&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Satta Katla (page does not exist)">Satta Katla</a> (UC 235)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ali_Raza_Abad&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ali Raza Abad (page does not exist)">Ali Raza Abad</a> (UC 236)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/WAPDA_Town" title="WAPDA Town">Wapda</a> (UC 257)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chung_Panj_Garan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chung Panj Garan (page does not exist)">Chung Panj Garan</a> (UC 258)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shahrak-e-Azmeer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shahrak-e-Azmeer (page does not exist)">Shahrak-e-Azmeer</a> (UC 259)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maraka" class="mw-redirect" title="Maraka">Maraka</a> (UC 260)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mohlanwal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mohlanwal (page does not exist)">Mohlanwal</a> (UC 261)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shamke_Bhattian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shamke Bhattian (page does not exist)">Shamke Bhattian</a> (UC 262)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Manga,_Lahore&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Manga, Lahore (page does not exist)">Manga</a> (UC 263)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sultanke&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sultanke (page does not exist)">Sultanke</a> (UC 264)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Manga_Ottar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Manga Ottar (page does not exist)">Manga Ottar</a> (UC 265)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Talab_Sarai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Talab Sarai (page does not exist)">Talab Sarai</a> (UC 266)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manak" title="Manak">Manak</a> (UC 267)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jodhu_Dheer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jodhu Dheer (page does not exist)">Jodhu Dheer</a> (UC 268)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raiwind" title="Raiwind">Raiwind Shehr</a> (UC 272)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raiwind" title="Raiwind">Raiwind</a> (UC 273)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Babliyana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Babliyana (page does not exist)">Babliyana</a> (UC 274)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nishtar_Zone" class="mw-redirect" title="Nishtar Zone">Nishtar</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heir,_Lahore&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Heir, Lahore (page does not exist)">Heir</a> (UC 195)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jhaman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jhaman (page does not exist)">Jhaman</a> (UC 196)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dhuloke&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dhuloke (page does not exist)">Dhuloke</a> (UC 197)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bostan,_Lahore&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bostan, Lahore (page does not exist)">Bostan</a> (UC 227)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chungi_Amar_Sidhu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chungi Amar Sidhu (page does not exist)">Chungi Amar Sidhu</a> (UC 228)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chungi_Amar_Sidhu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chungi Amar Sidhu (page does not exist)">Chungi Amar Sidhu II</a> (UC 229)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shahrak-e-Sittara&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shahrak-e-Sittara (page does not exist)">Shahrak-e-Sittara</a> (UC 230)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shahrak-e-Pak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shahrak-e-Pak (page does not exist)">Shahrak-e-Pak</a> (UC 231)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Township,_Lahore" title="Township, Lahore">Township B1</a> (UC 235)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Town" title="Green Town">Green C2</a> (UC 236)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Town" title="Green Town">Green D2</a> (UC 237)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shahrak-e-Marriam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shahrak-e-Marriam (page does not exist)">Shahrak-e-Marriam</a> (UC 238)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Keer_Kalan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Keer Kalan (page does not exist)">Keer Kalan</a> (UC 239)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Baghrian_Dharam_Chand&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Baghrian Dharam Chand (page does not exist)">Baghrian Dharam Chand</a> (UC 240)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandrai" title="Chandrai">Chandrai</a> (UC 241)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Attari_Saroba&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Attari Saroba (page does not exist)">Attari Saroba</a> (UC 242)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nashtar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nashtar (page does not exist)">Nashtar</a> (UC 243)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gajju_Matta" title="Gajju Matta">Gajju Matta</a> (UC 244)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dullo_Khurd_Kalan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dullo Khurd Kalan (page does not exist)">Dullo Khurd Kalan</a> (UC 245)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Youhanabad" title="Youhanabad">Youhanabad</a> (UC 246)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kahna_Kohna&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kahna Kohna (page does not exist)">Kahna Kohna</a> (UC 247)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shahzada,_Pakistan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shahzada, Pakistan (page does not exist)">Shahzada</a> (UC 248)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kamahan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kamahan (page does not exist)">Kamahan</a> (UC 249)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Teh_Punjo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Teh Punjo (page does not exist)">Teh Punjo</a> (UC 250)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Halloki&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Halloki (page does not exist)">Halloki</a> (UC 251)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pandoke,_Lahore" title="Pandoke, Lahore">Pandoke</a> (UC 252)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saraich&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saraich (page does not exist)">Saraich</a> (UC 253)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dev_Khurd_Kalan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dev Khurd Kalan (page does not exist)">Dev Khurd Kalan</a> (UC 254)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bhobatian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bhobatian (page does not exist)">Bhobatian</a> (UC 269)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariyan" class="mw-redirect" title="Ariyan">Ariyan</a> (UC 270)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jia_Bhagga&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jia Bhagga (page does not exist)">Jia Bhagga</a> (UC 271)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lahore_Cantonment" title="Lahore Cantonment">Cantonment</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lahore_Cantonment" title="Lahore Cantonment">Lahore Cantonment</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Defence,_Lahore&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Defence, Lahore (page does not exist)">Defence</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cavalry_Ground" title="Cavalry Ground">Cavalry Ground</a>, <a href="/wiki/Islamnagar,_Lahore" title="Islamnagar, Lahore">Islamnagar</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="25px_Geographic_locale147" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="25px_Geographic_locale147" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/File:Gnome-globe.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Gnome-globe.svg/25px-Gnome-globe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Gnome-globe.svg/38px-Gnome-globe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Gnome-globe.svg/50px-Gnome-globe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a> Geographic locale</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Lat. and Long.</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Lahore&params=31_32_59_N_74_20_37_E_">31°32′59″N 74°20′37″E / 31.54972°N 74.34361°E / 31.54972; 74.34361</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Major_cities_in_Pakistan289" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Pakistani_cities" title="Template:Pakistani cities"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Pakistani_cities" title="Template talk:Pakistani cities"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Pakistani_cities" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Pakistani cities"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Major_cities_in_Pakistan289" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities in Pakistan">Major cities in Pakistan</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Islamabad_Capital_Territory" title="Islamabad Capital Territory">Islamabad Capital Territory</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islamabad" title="Islamabad">Islamabad</a>*</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Punjab,_Pakistan" title="Punjab, Pakistan">Punjab</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Attock" title="Attock">Attock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahawalpur" title="Bahawalpur">Bahawalpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burewala" title="Burewala">Burewala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chakwal" title="Chakwal">Chakwal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chiniot" title="Chiniot">Chiniot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dera_Ghazi_Khan" title="Dera Ghazi Khan">Dera Ghazi Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faisalabad" title="Faisalabad">Faisalabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gujar_Khan" title="Gujar Khan">Gujar Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gujranwala" title="Gujranwala">Gujranwala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gujrat,_Pakistan" title="Gujrat, Pakistan">Gujrat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jhang" title="Jhang">Jhang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jhelum" title="Jhelum">Jhelum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kasur" title="Kasur">Kasur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khanewal" title="Khanewal">Khanewal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kharian" title="Kharian">Kharian</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Lahore</a>**</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandi_Bahauddin" title="Mandi Bahauddin">Mandi Bahauddin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mianwali" title="Mianwali">Mianwali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multan" title="Multan">Multan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murree" title="Murree">Murree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Okara,_Pakistan" title="Okara, Pakistan">Okara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rahim_Yar_Khan" title="Rahim Yar Khan">Rahim Yar Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rawalpindi" title="Rawalpindi">Rawalpindi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sadiqabad,_Punjab" title="Sadiqabad, Punjab">Sadiqabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sahiwal" title="Sahiwal">Sahiwal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sargodha" title="Sargodha">Sargodha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheikhupura" title="Sheikhupura">Sheikhupura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sialkot" title="Sialkot">Sialkot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxila" title="Taxila">Taxila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toba_Tek_Singh" title="Toba Tek Singh">Toba Tek Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talagang" title="Talagang">Talagang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sindh" title="Sindh">Sindh</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Badin" title="Badin">Badin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyderabad,_Sindh" class="mw-redirect" title="Hyderabad, Sindh">Hyderabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacobabad" title="Jacobabad">Jacobabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karachi" title="Karachi">Karachi</a>**</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khairpur" title="Khairpur">Khairpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kotri" title="Kotri">Kotri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larkana" title="Larkana">Larkana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirpur_Khas" title="Mirpur Khas">Mirpur Khas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nawabshah" title="Nawabshah">Nawabshah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sukkur" title="Sukkur">Sukkur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thatta" title="Thatta">Thatta</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Khyber_Pakhtunkhwa" title="Khyber Pakhtunkhwa">Khyber Pakhtunkhwa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abbottabad" title="Abbottabad">Abbottabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bannu" title="Bannu">Bannu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battagram" title="Battagram">Battagram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chitral" title="Chitral">Chitral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charsadda" title="Charsadda">Charsadda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D.I.Khan" class="mw-redirect" title="D.I.Khan">D.I.Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haripur,_Pakistan" title="Haripur, Pakistan">Haripur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kohat" title="Kohat">Kohat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mansehra" title="Mansehra">Mansehra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mardan" title="Mardan">Mardan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nowshera,_Khyber_Pakhtunkhwa" title="Nowshera, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa">Nowshera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peshawar" title="Peshawar">Peshawar</a>**</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swat,_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Swat, Pakistan">Swat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swabi" title="Swabi">Swabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timergara" title="Timergara">Timergara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tank_(city)" title="Tank (city)">Tank</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Balochistan,_Pakistan" title="Balochistan, Pakistan">Balochistan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chaman" title="Chaman">Chaman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gwadar" title="Gwadar">Gwadar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khuzdar" title="Khuzdar">Khuzdar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quetta" title="Quetta">Quetta</a>**</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ziarat" title="Ziarat">Ziarat</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Azad_Kashmir" title="Azad Kashmir">Azad Kashmir</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bagh,_Azad_Kashmir" title="Bagh, Azad Kashmir">Bagh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhimber" title="Bhimber">Bhimber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kotli" title="Kotli">Kotli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirpur,_Azad_Kashmir" title="Mirpur, Azad Kashmir">Mirpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muzaffarabad" title="Muzaffarabad">Muzaffarabad</a>**</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rawalakot" title="Rawalakot">Rawalakot</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gilgit-Baltistan" title="Gilgit-Baltistan">Gilgit-Baltistan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gilgit" title="Gilgit">Gilgit</a>**</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skardu" title="Skardu">Skardu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-size:smaller;"><div>*Federal capital **Provincial/Territorial capitals</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="World&#039;s_50_most-populous_urban_areas63" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:World%27s_most_populous_urban_areas" title="Template:World's most populous urban areas"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:World%27s_most_populous_urban_areas" title="Template talk:World's most populous urban areas"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:World%27s_most_populous_urban_areas" title="Special:EditPage/Template:World's most populous urban areas"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="World&#039;s_50_most-populous_urban_areas63" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">World's 50 <a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_cities" title="List of largest cities">most-populous urban areas</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="padding:0px"><table class="navbox-columns-table" style="border-spacing: 0px; text-align:left;width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:5em">   </td><td class="navbox-list" style="padding:0px;width:20em;"><div> <div><ol><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Tokyo_Area" title="Greater Tokyo Area">Tokyo</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Jakarta_metropolitan_area" title="Jakarta metropolitan area">Jakarta</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/National_Capital_Region_(India)" title="National Capital Region (India)">Delhi</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou">Guangzhou</a>–<a href="/wiki/Foshan" title="Foshan">Foshan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Mumbai_Metropolitan_Region" title="Mumbai Metropolitan Region">Mumbai</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Manila_Area" title="Greater Manila Area">Manila</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai">Shanghai</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Seoul_Metropolitan_Area" title="Seoul Metropolitan Area">Seoul</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Cairo" title="Greater Cairo">Cairo</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Mexico_City" title="Greater Mexico City">Mexico City</a></li></ol></div> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;width:20em;"><div> <div><ol start="11"><li><a href="/wiki/Kolkata_metropolitan_area" class="mw-redirect" title="Kolkata metropolitan area">Kolkata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_S%C3%A3o_Paulo" title="Greater São Paulo">São Paulo</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/New_York_metropolitan_area" title="New York metropolitan area">New York</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Karachi" title="Karachi">Karachi</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Dhaka" title="Greater Dhaka">Dhaka</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Bangkok_Metropolitan_Region" title="Bangkok Metropolitan Region">Bangkok</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Moscow_metropolitan_area" title="Moscow metropolitan area">Moscow</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Shenzhen" title="Shenzhen">Shenzhen</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Buenos_Aires" title="Greater Buenos Aires">Buenos Aires</a></li></ol></div> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;width:20em;"><div> <div><ol start="21"><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Los_Angeles" title="Greater Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Johannesburg" title="Johannesburg">Johannesburg</a>-<a href="/wiki/Pretoria" title="Pretoria">Pretoria</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Bengaluru" title="Bengaluru">Bengaluru</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Chengdu" title="Chengdu">Chengdu</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh_City_metropolitan_area" title="Ho Chi Minh City metropolitan area">Ho Chi Minh City</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Keihanshin" title="Keihanshin">Osaka–Kobe–Kyoto</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Lagos" title="Lagos">Lagos</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Istanbul</a></li><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Lahore</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kinshasa" title="Kinshasa">Kinshasa</a>–<a href="/wiki/Brazzaville" title="Brazzaville">Brazzaville</a></li></ol></div> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;width:20em;"><div> <div><ol start="31"><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Tehran" title="Greater Tehran">Tehran</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Chongqing" title="Chongqing">Chongqing</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Rio_de_Janeiro" title="Greater Rio de Janeiro">Rio de Janeiro</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Xi%27an" title="Xi'an">Xi'an</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Chennai_metropolitan_area" title="Chennai metropolitan area">Chennai</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Paris_metropolitan_area" title="Paris metropolitan area">Paris</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Zhengzhou" title="Zhengzhou">Zhengzhou</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Luanda" title="Luanda">Luanda</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_London_Built-up_Area" title="Greater London Built-up Area">London</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Dongguan" title="Dongguan">Dongguan</a></li></ol></div> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;width:20em;"><div> <div><ol start="41"><li><a href="/wiki/Lima_metropolitan_area" title="Lima metropolitan area">Lima</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Wuhan" title="Wuhan">Wuhan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Area_of_Bogot%C3%A1" title="Metropolitan Area of Bogotá">Bogotá</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Tianjin" title="Tianjin">Tianjin</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Hyderabad_Metropolitan_Region" title="Hyderabad Metropolitan Region">Hyderabad</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Taipei%E2%80%93Keelung_metropolitan_area" title="Taipei–Keelung metropolitan area">Taipei</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Hangzhou" title="Hangzhou">Hangzhou</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Ch%C5%ABky%C5%8D_metropolitan_area" title="Chūkyō metropolitan area">Nagoya</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Surabaya_metropolitan_area" title="Surabaya metropolitan area">Surabaya</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Bandung_metropolitan_area" title="Bandung metropolitan area">Bandung</a></li></ol></div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Megacities193" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Megacities" title="Template:Megacities"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Megacities" title="Template talk:Megacities"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Megacities" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Megacities"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Megacities193" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Megacity" title="Megacity">Megacities</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;">Africa (4)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cairo" title="Cairo">Cairo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannesburg" title="Johannesburg">Johannesburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kinshasa" title="Kinshasa">Kinshasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lagos" title="Lagos">Lagos</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;">Asia (35)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">China (14)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changsha" title="Changsha">Changsha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chengdu" title="Chengdu">Chengdu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chongqing" title="Chongqing">Chongqing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dongguan" title="Dongguan">Dongguan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou">Guangzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hangzhou" title="Hangzhou">Hangzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai">Shanghai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shenzhen" title="Shenzhen">Shenzhen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tianjin" title="Tianjin">Tianjin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuhan" title="Wuhan">Wuhan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiamen" title="Xiamen">Xiamen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xi%27an" title="Xi'an">Xi'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhengzhou" title="Zhengzhou">Zhengzhou</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">India (6)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bengaluru" title="Bengaluru">Bengaluru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chennai" title="Chennai">Chennai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delhi" title="Delhi">Delhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyderabad" title="Hyderabad">Hyderabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kolkata" title="Kolkata">Kolkata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai">Mumbai</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Indonesia (3)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bandung" title="Bandung">Bandung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jakarta" title="Jakarta">Jakarta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surabaya" title="Surabaya">Surabaya</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Japan (3)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Keihanshin" title="Keihanshin">Kyoto–Osaka–Kobe (Keihanshin)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagoya" title="Nagoya">Nagoya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo">Tokyo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pakistan (2)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Karachi" title="Karachi">Karachi</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Lahore</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other (7)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bangkok" title="Bangkok">Bangkok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhaka" title="Dhaka">Dhaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh_City" title="Ho Chi Minh City">Ho Chi Minh City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Istanbul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metro_Manila" title="Metro Manila">Metro Manila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seoul" title="Seoul">Seoul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tehran" title="Tehran">Tehran</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;">Europe (4)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Istanbul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;">America (8)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Brazil (2)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rio_de_Janeiro" title="Rio de Janeiro">Rio de Janeiro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Paulo" title="São Paulo">São Paulo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">United States (2)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other (4)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bogot%C3%A1" title="Bogotá">Bogotá</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buenos_Aires" title="Buenos Aires">Buenos Aires</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lima" title="Lima">Lima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexico_City" title="Mexico City">Mexico City</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/COL-city_icon.png/28px-COL-city_icon.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/COL-city_icon.png/42px-COL-city_icon.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/COL-city_icon.png/56px-COL-city_icon.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Cities" title="Portal:Cities">Cities portal</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11739#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata2094" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11739#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata2094" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11739#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/130807590">VIAF</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1205808/">FAST</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJqFQ8bVC6XvfkYgjJCvpP">WorldCat</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4034107-0">Germany</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n79079619">United States</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb150260926">France</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb150260926">BnF data</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge463335&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX5747015">Spain</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000336380&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000637937&local_base=nsk10">Croatia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007548089605171">Israel</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/7bf1c64d-569e-4cbf-84b2-bd0e0f2fce69">MusicBrainz area</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/06164482X">IdRef</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10044411">NARA</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/lahor">İslâm Ansiklopedisi</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lahore&oldid=1276097288">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lahore&oldid=1276097288</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div 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