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Singh Cheema</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: Sikander Singh Cheema"> <meta name="keywords" content="Sikander Singh Cheema"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="Sikander Singh Cheema"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 1139</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: Sikander Singh Cheema</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1139</span> A Review Paper on Data Mining and Genetic Algorithm</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sikander%20Singh%20Cheema">Sikander Singh Cheema</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jasmeen%20Kaur"> Jasmeen Kaur</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, the concept of data mining is summarized and its one of the important process i.e KDD is summarized. The data mining based on Genetic Algorithm is researched in and ways to achieve the data mining Genetic Algorithm are surveyed. This paper also conducts a formal review on the area of data mining tasks and genetic algorithm in various fields. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=data%20mining" title="data mining">data mining</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=KDD" title=" KDD"> KDD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=genetic%20algorithm" title=" genetic algorithm"> genetic algorithm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=descriptive%20mining" title=" descriptive mining"> descriptive mining</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=predictive%20mining" title=" predictive mining"> predictive mining</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43637/a-review-paper-on-data-mining-and-genetic-algorithm" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43637.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">593</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1138</span> Methods for Restricting Unwanted Access on the Networks Using Firewall</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bhagwant%20Singh">Bhagwant Singh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sikander%20Singh%20Cheema"> Sikander Singh Cheema</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper examines firewall mechanisms routinely implemented for network security in depth. A firewall can't protect you against all the hazards of unauthorized networks. Consequently, many kinds of infrastructure are employed to establish a secure network. Firewall strategies have already been the subject of significant analysis. This study's primary purpose is to avoid unnecessary connections by combining the capability of the firewall with the use of additional firewall mechanisms, which include packet filtering and NAT, VPNs, and backdoor solutions. There are insufficient studies on firewall potential and combined approaches, but there aren't many. The research team's goal is to build a safe network by integrating firewall strength and firewall methods. The study's findings indicate that the recommended concept can form a reliable network. This study examines the characteristics of network security and the primary danger, synthesizes existing domestic and foreign firewall technologies, and discusses the theories, benefits, and disadvantages of different firewalls. Through synthesis and comparison of various techniques, as well as an in-depth examination of the primary factors that affect firewall effectiveness, this study investigated firewall technology's current application in computer network security, then introduced a new technique named "tight coupling firewall." Eventually, the article discusses the current state of firewall technology as well as the direction in which it is developing. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=firewall%20strategies" title="firewall strategies">firewall strategies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=firewall%20potential" title=" firewall potential"> firewall potential</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=packet%20filtering" title=" packet filtering"> packet filtering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=NAT" title=" NAT"> NAT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=VPN" title=" VPN"> VPN</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=proxy%20services" title=" proxy services"> proxy services</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=firewall%20techniques" title=" firewall techniques"> firewall techniques</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/148108/methods-for-restricting-unwanted-access-on-the-networks-using-firewall" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/148108.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">103</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1137</span> Influence of Post Weld Heat Treatment on Mechanical and Metallurgical Properties of TIG Welded Aluminium Alloy Joints</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gurmeet%20Singh%20Cheema">Gurmeet Singh Cheema</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Navjotinder%20Singh"> Navjotinder Singh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gurjinder%20Singh"> Gurjinder Singh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amardeep%20Singh"> Amardeep Singh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Aluminium and its alloys play have excellent corrosion resistant properties, ease of fabrication and high specific strength to weight ratio. In this investigation an attempt has been made to study the effect of different post weld heat treatment methods on the mechanical and metallurgical properties of TIG welded joints of the commercial aluminium alloy. Three different methods of post weld heat treatments are, solution heat treatment, artificial aged and combination of solution heat treatment and artificial aging are given to TIG welded aluminium joints. Mechanical and metallurgical properties of as welded and post weld treated joints of the aluminium alloys was examined. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aluminium%20alloys" title="aluminium alloys">aluminium alloys</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=TIG%20welding" title=" TIG welding"> TIG welding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=post%20weld%20heat%20treatment" title=" post weld heat treatment"> post weld heat treatment</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14625/influence-of-post-weld-heat-treatment-on-mechanical-and-metallurgical-properties-of-tig-welded-aluminium-alloy-joints" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14625.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">578</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1136</span> Reduction of Wear via Hardfacing of Rotavator Blades</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gurjinder%20Singh%20Randhawa">Gurjinder Singh Randhawa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jonny%20Garg"> Jonny Garg</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sukhraj%20Singh"> Sukhraj Singh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gurmeet%20Singh%20Cheema"> Gurmeet Singh Cheema</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A major problem related to the use of rotavator is wear of rotavator blades due to abrasion by soil hard particles, as it seriously affects tillage quality and agricultural production economy. The objective of this study was to increase the wear resistance by covering the rotavator blades with two different hard facing electrodes. These blades are generally produced from low carbon or low alloy steel. During the field work i.e. preparing land for the cultivation these blades are subjected to severe wear conditions. Comparative wear tests on a regular rotavator blade and two kinds of hardfacing with electrodes were conducted in the field. These two different hardfacing electrodes, which are designated HARD ALLOY-400 and HARD ALLOY-650, were used for hardfacing. The wear rate in the field tests was found to be significantly different statistically. When the cost is taken into consideration; HARD ALLOY-650 and HARD ALLOY-400 have been found to be the best hardfacing electrodes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hardfacing" title="hardfacing">hardfacing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rotavator%20blades" title=" rotavator blades"> rotavator blades</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hard%20alloy-400" title=" hard alloy-400"> hard alloy-400</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=abrasive%20wear" title=" abrasive wear"> abrasive wear</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/52466/reduction-of-wear-via-hardfacing-of-rotavator-blades" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/52466.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">428</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1135</span> Developing an Empirical Relationship to Predict Tensile Strength and Micro Hardness of Friction Stir Welded Aluminium Alloy Joints </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gurmeet%20Singh%20Cheema">Gurmeet Singh Cheema</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gurjinder%20Singh"> Gurjinder Singh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amardeep%20Singh%20Kang"> Amardeep Singh Kang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Aluminium alloy 6061 is a medium to high strength heat-treatable alloy which has very good corrosion resistance and very good weldability. Friction Stir Welding was developed and this technique has attracted considerable interest from the aerospace and automotive industries since it is able to produce defect free joints particularly for light metals i.e aluminum alloy and magnesium alloy. In the friction stir welding process, welding parameters such as tool rotational speed, welding speed and tool shoulder diameter play a major role in deciding the weld quality. In this research work, an attempt has been made to understand the effect of tool rotational speed, welding speed and tool shoulder diameter on friction stir welded AA6061 aluminium alloy joints. Statistical tool such as central composite design is used to develop the mathematical relationships. The mathematical model was developed to predict mechanical properties of friction stir welded aluminium alloy joints at the 95% confidence level. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aluminium%20alloy" title="aluminium alloy">aluminium alloy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=friction%20stir%20welding" title=" friction stir welding"> friction stir welding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=central%20composite%20design" title=" central composite design"> central composite design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mathematical%20relationship" title=" mathematical relationship"> mathematical relationship</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/52425/developing-an-empirical-relationship-to-predict-tensile-strength-and-micro-hardness-of-friction-stir-welded-aluminium-alloy-joints" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/52425.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">503</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1134</span> Morphological Processing of Punjabi Text for Sentiment Analysis of Farmer Suicides</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jaspreet%20Singh">Jaspreet Singh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gurvinder%20Singh"> Gurvinder Singh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Prabhsimran%20Singh"> Prabhsimran Singh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rajinder%20Singh"> Rajinder Singh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Prithvipal%20Singh"> Prithvipal Singh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Karanjeet%20Singh%20Kahlon"> Karanjeet Singh Kahlon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ravinder%20Singh%20Sawhney"> Ravinder Singh Sawhney</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Morphological evaluation of Indian languages is one of the burgeoning fields in the area of Natural Language Processing (NLP). The evaluation of a language is an eminent task in the era of information retrieval and text mining. The extraction and classification of knowledge from text can be exploited for sentiment analysis and morphological evaluation. This study coalesce morphological evaluation and sentiment analysis for the task of classification of farmer suicide cases reported in Punjab state of India. The pre-processing of Punjabi text involves morphological evaluation and normalization of Punjabi word tokens followed by the training of proposed model using deep learning classification on Punjabi language text extracted from online Punjabi news reports. The class-wise accuracies of sentiment prediction for four negatively oriented classes of farmer suicide cases are 93.85%, 88.53%, 83.3%, and 95.45% respectively. The overall accuracy of sentiment classification obtained using proposed framework on 275 Punjabi text documents is found to be 90.29%. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deep%20neural%20network" title="deep neural network">deep neural network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=farmer%20suicides" title=" farmer suicides"> farmer suicides</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=morphological%20processing" title=" morphological processing"> morphological processing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=punjabi%20text" title=" punjabi text"> punjabi text</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sentiment%20analysis" title=" sentiment analysis"> sentiment analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/88605/morphological-processing-of-punjabi-text-for-sentiment-analysis-of-farmer-suicides" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/88605.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">328</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1133</span> Studies on Corrosion Resistant Composite Coating for Metallic Surfaces</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Navneetinder%20Singh">Navneetinder Singh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Harprabhjot%20Singh"> Harprabhjot Singh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Harpreet%20Singh"> Harpreet Singh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Supreet%20Singh"> Supreet Singh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Many materials are known to mankind that is widely used for synthesis of corrosion resistant hydrophobic coatings. In the current work, novel hydrophobic composite was synthesized by mixing polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and 20 weight% ceria particles followed by sintering. This composite had same hydrophobic behavior as PTFE. Moreover, composite showed better scratch resistance than virgin PTFE. Pits of plasma sprayed Ni₃Al coating were exploited to hold PTFE composite on the substrate as Superni-75 alloy surface through sintering process. Plasma sprayed surface showed good adhesion with the composite coating during scratch test. Potentiodynamic corrosion test showed 100 fold decreases in corrosion rate of coated sample this may be attributed to inert and hydrophobic nature of PTFE and ceria. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polytetrafluoroethylene" title="polytetrafluoroethylene">polytetrafluoroethylene</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PTFE" title=" PTFE"> PTFE</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ceria" title=" ceria"> ceria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coating" title=" coating"> coating</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=corrosion" title=" corrosion"> corrosion</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/94265/studies-on-corrosion-resistant-composite-coating-for-metallic-surfaces" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/94265.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">384</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1132</span> Performance Analysis of VoIP Coders for Different Modulations Under Pervasive Environment</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jasbinder%20Singh">Jasbinder Singh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Harjit%20Pal%20Singh"> Harjit Pal Singh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20A.%20Khan"> S. A. Khan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The work, in this paper, presents the comparison of encoded speech signals by different VoIP narrow-band and wide-band codecs for different modulation schemes. The simulation results indicate that codec has an impact on the speech quality and also effected by modulation schemes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=VoIP" title="VoIP">VoIP</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coders" title=" coders"> coders</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modulations" title=" modulations"> modulations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=BER" title=" BER"> BER</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MOS" title=" MOS"> MOS</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8221/performance-analysis-of-voip-coders-for-different-modulations-under-pervasive-environment" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8221.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">519</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1131</span> Estimation of Population Mean Using Characteristics of Poisson Distribution: An Application to Earthquake Data</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Prayas%20Sharma">Prayas Sharma</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper proposed a generalized class of estimators, an exponential class of estimators based on the adaption of Sharma and Singh (2015) and Solanki and Singh (2013), and a simple difference estimator for estimating unknown population mean in the case of Poisson distributed population in simple random sampling without replacement. The expressions for mean square errors of the proposed classes of estimators are derived from the first order of approximation. It is shown that the adapted version of Solanki and Singh (2013), the exponential class of estimator, is always more efficient than the usual estimator, ratio, product, exponential ratio, and exponential product type estimators and equally efficient to simple difference estimator. Moreover, the adapted version of Sharma and Singh's (2015) estimator is always more efficient than all the estimators available in the literature. In addition, theoretical findings are supported by an empirical study to show the superiority of the constructed estimators over others with an application to earthquake data of Turkey. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=auxiliary%20attribute" title="auxiliary attribute">auxiliary attribute</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=point%20bi-serial" title=" point bi-serial"> point bi-serial</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mean%20square%20error" title=" mean square error"> mean square error</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=simple%20random%20sampling" title=" simple random sampling"> simple random sampling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Poisson%20distribution" title=" Poisson distribution"> Poisson distribution</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/171049/estimation-of-population-mean-using-characteristics-of-poisson-distribution-an-application-to-earthquake-data" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/171049.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">157</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1130</span> Improving the Statistics Nature in Research Information System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rajbir%20Cheema">Rajbir Cheema </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In order to introduce an integrated research information system, this will provide scientific institutions with the necessary information on research activities and research results in assured quality. Since data collection, duplication, missing values, incorrect formatting, inconsistencies, etc. can arise in the collection of research data in different research information systems, which can have a wide range of negative effects on data quality, the subject of data quality should be treated with better results. This paper examines the data quality problems in research information systems and presents the new techniques that enable organizations to improve their quality of research information. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Research%20information%20systems%20%28RIS%29" title="Research information systems (RIS)">Research information systems (RIS)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=research%20information" title=" research information"> research information</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heterogeneous%20sources" title=" heterogeneous sources"> heterogeneous sources</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=data%20quality" title=" data quality"> data quality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=data%20cleansing" title=" data cleansing"> data cleansing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=science%20system" title=" science system"> science system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=standardization" title=" standardization"> standardization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/123761/improving-the-statistics-nature-in-research-information-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/123761.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">158</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1129</span> Mind-Wandering and Attention: Evidence from Behavioral and Subjective Perspective</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Riya%20Mishra">Riya Mishra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Trayambak%20Tiwari"> Trayambak Tiwari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anju%20Lata%20Singh"> Anju Lata Singh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=I.%20L.%20Singh"> I. L. Singh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tara%20Singh"> Tara Singh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Decrement in vigilance task performance echoes impediment in effortful attention; here attention fluctuated in the realm of external and internal milieu of a person. To examine this fluctuation across time period, we employed two experiments of vigilance task with variation in thought probing rate, which was embedded in the task. The thought probe varies in terms of <2 minute per thought probe and <4 minute per thought probe during vigilance task. A 2x4 repeated measure factorial design was used. 15 individuals participated in this study with an age range of 20-26 years. It was found that thought probing rate has a negative trend with vigilance task performance whereas the subjective measures of mind-wandering have a positive relation with thought probe rate. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=criterion%20response" title="criterion response">criterion response</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mental%20status" title=" mental status"> mental status</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mind-wandering" title=" mind-wandering"> mind-wandering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thought%20probe" title=" thought probe"> thought probe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vigilance" title=" vigilance"> vigilance</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61046/mind-wandering-and-attention-evidence-from-behavioral-and-subjective-perspective" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61046.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">427</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1128</span> Characterisation and in vitro Corrosion Resistance of Plasma Sprayed Hydroxyapatite and Hydroxyapatite: Silicon Oxide Coatings on 316L SS</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gurpreet%20Singh">Gurpreet Singh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hazoor%20Singh"> Hazoor Singh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Buta%20Singh%20Sidhu"> Buta Singh Sidhu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the current investigation plasma spray technique was used for depositing hydroxyapatite (HA) and HA – silicon oxide (SiO2) coatings on 316L SS substrate. In HA-SiO2 coating, 20 wt% SiO2 was mixed with HA. The feedstock and coatings were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM)/energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) analyses. The corrosion resistance of the uncoated, HA coated and HA + 20 wt% SiO2 coated 316L SS was investigated by electrochemical corrosion testing in simulated human body fluid (Ringer’s solution). The influence of SiO2 (20 wt%) on corrosion resistance was determined. After the corrosion testing, the samples were analyzed by XRD and SEM/EDX analyses. The addition of SiO2 reduces the crystallinity of the coating. The corrosion resistance of the 316L SS was found to increase after the deposition of the HA + 20 wt% SiO2 and HA coatings. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HA" title="HA">HA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SiO2" title=" SiO2"> SiO2</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=corrosion" title=" corrosion"> corrosion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ringer%E2%80%99s%20solution" title=" Ringer’s solution"> Ringer’s solution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=316L%20SS" title=" 316L SS"> 316L SS</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9141/characterisation-and-in-vitro-corrosion-resistance-of-plasma-sprayed-hydroxyapatite-and-hydroxyapatite-silicon-oxide-coatings-on-316l-ss" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9141.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">420</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1127</span> Effect of Ultrasonic Vibration on the Dilution, Mechanical, and Metallurgical Properties in Cladding of 308 on Mild Steel</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sandeep%20Singh%20Sandhu">Sandeep Singh Sandhu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Karanvir%20Singh%20Ghuman"> Karanvir Singh Ghuman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Parminder%20Singh%20Saini">Parminder Singh Saini</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aim of the present investigation was to study the effect of ultrasonic vibration on the cladding of the AISI 308 on the mild steel plates using the shielded metal arc welding (SMAW). Ultrasonic vibrations were applied to molten austenitic stainless steel during the welding process. Due to acoustically induced cavitations and streaming there is a complete mixture of the clad metal and the base metal. It was revealed that cladding of AISI 308 over mild steel along with ultrasonic vibrations result in uniform and finer grain structures. The effect of the vibration on the dilution, mechanical properties and metallographic studies were also studied. It was found that the welding done using the ultrasonic vibration has the less dilution and CVN value for the vibrated sample was also high. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surfacing" title="surfacing">surfacing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ultrasonic%20vibrations" title=" ultrasonic vibrations"> ultrasonic vibrations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mechanical%20properties" title=" mechanical properties"> mechanical properties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shielded%20metal%20arc%20welding" title=" shielded metal arc welding"> shielded metal arc welding</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33132/effect-of-ultrasonic-vibration-on-the-dilution-mechanical-and-metallurgical-properties-in-cladding-of-308-on-mild-steel" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33132.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">495</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1126</span> An Emerging Trend of Wrong Plurals among Pakistani Bilinguals: A Sociolinguistic Perspective</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sikander%20Ali">Sikander Ali</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> English is being used as linguafranca in most of the formal and informal situations of Pakistan. This extensive use has been rapidly replacing the identity of national language of Pakistani.e. Urdu. The nature of syntactic representation has always been the matter of confusion among linguists. Being unaware of the correct plural forms the non-natives commit mistakes while making plurals. But the situation is reverse when non-natives of English irrespective of knowing the right plurals make wrong plurals usually talking in their native language. The observation method was opted to check this hypothesis. Along with it, a checklist has been made in which these certain occurrences have been mentioned, where this flouting of the norms is a normal routine. The result confirms that Pakistani commit this mistake, i.e. ‘tablian’ the plural of tables, ‘filain’ the plural of files, though this is done by them on unconscious level. This emerging trend of unconscious mistake is leading Pakistani bilinguals towards a diglossic situation where they are coining portmanteau. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bilinguals" title="bilinguals">bilinguals</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=emerging%20trend" title=" emerging trend"> emerging trend</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=portmanteau" title=" portmanteau"> portmanteau</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=trends" title=" trends"> trends</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80972/an-emerging-trend-of-wrong-plurals-among-pakistani-bilinguals-a-sociolinguistic-perspective" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80972.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">177</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1125</span> In-Situ Sludge Minimization Using Integrated Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor for Industrial Wastewater Treatment</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vijay%20Sodhi">Vijay Sodhi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Charanjit%20Singh"> Charanjit Singh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Neelam%20Sodhi"> Neelam Sodhi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Puneet%20P.%20S.%20Cheema"> Puneet P. S. Cheema</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Reena%20Sharma"> Reena Sharma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mithilesh%20K.%20Jha"> Mithilesh K. Jha</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The management and secure disposal of the biosludge generated from widely commercialized conventional activated sludge (CAS) treatments become a potential environmental issue. Thus, a sustainable technological upgradation to the CAS for sludge yield minimization has recently been gained serious attention of the scientific community. A number of recently reported studies effectively addressed the remedial technological advancements that in monopoly limited to the municipal wastewater. Moreover, the critical review of the literature signifies side-stream sludge minimization as a complex task to maintain. In this work, therefore, a hybrid moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) configuration (named as AMOMOX process) for in-situ minimization of the excess biosludge generated from high organic strength tannery wastewater has been demonstrated. The AMOMOX collectively stands for anoxic MBBR (as AM), aerobic MBBR (OM) and an oxic CAS (OX). The AMOMOX configuration involved a combined arrangement of an anoxic MBBR and oxic MBBR coupled with the aerobic CAS. The AMOMOX system was run in parallel with an identical CAS reactor. Both system configurations were fed with same influent to judge the real-time operational changes. For the AMOMOX process, the strict maintenance of operational strategies resulted about 95% removal of NH4-N and SCOD from tannery wastewater. Here, the nourishment of filamentous microbiota and purposeful promotion of cell-lysis effectively sustained sludge yield (Yobs) lowering upto 0.51 kgVSS/kgCOD. As a result, the volatile sludge scarcity apparent in the AMOMOX system succeeded upto 47% reduction of the excess biosludge. The corroborated was further supported by FE-SEM imaging and thermogravimetric analysis. However, the detection of microbial strains habitat underlying extended SRT (23-26 days) of the AMOMOX system would be the matter of further research. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tannery%20wastewater" title="tannery wastewater">tannery wastewater</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=moving%20bed%20biofilm%20reactor" title=" moving bed biofilm reactor"> moving bed biofilm reactor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sludhe%20yield" title=" sludhe yield"> sludhe yield</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sludge%20minimization" title=" sludge minimization"> sludge minimization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solids%20retention%20time" title=" solids retention time"> solids retention time</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/167992/in-situ-sludge-minimization-using-integrated-moving-bed-biofilm-reactor-for-industrial-wastewater-treatment" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/167992.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">74</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1124</span> Exploring Relationship between Attention and Consciousness</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aarushi%20Agarwal">Aarushi Agarwal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tara%20Singh"> Tara Singh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anju%20Lata%20%20Singh"> Anju Lata Singh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Trayambak%20Tiwari"> Trayambak Tiwari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Indramani%20Lal%20Singh"> Indramani Lal Singh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The existing interdependent relationship between attention and consciousness has been put to debate since long. To testify the nature, dual-task paradigm has been used to simultaneously manipulate awareness and attention. With central discrimination task which is attentional demanding, participants also perform simple discrimination task in the periphery in near absence of attention. Individual-based analysis of performance accuracy in single and dual condition showed and above chance level performance i.e. more than 80%. In order to widen the understanding of extent of discrimination carried in near absence of attention, natural image and its geometric equivalent shape were presented in the periphery; synthetic objects accounted to lower level of performance than natural objects in dual condition. The gaze plot and heatmap indicate that peripheral performance do not necessarily involve saccade every time, verifying the discrimination in the periphery was in near absence of attention. Thus our studies show an interdependent nature of attention and awareness. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=attention" title="attention">attention</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=awareness" title=" awareness"> awareness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dual%20task%20paradigm" title=" dual task paradigm"> dual task paradigm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=natural%20and%20geometric%20images" title=" natural and geometric images"> natural and geometric images</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/83385/exploring-relationship-between-attention-and-consciousness" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/83385.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">520</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1123</span> Experimental Investigation on Sustainable Machining of Hastelloy C-276 Utilizing Different Cooling Strategies</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Balkar%20Singh">Balkar Singh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gurpreet%20Singh"> Gurpreet Singh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vivek%20Aggarwal"> Vivek Aggarwal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sehijpal%20Singh"> Sehijpal Singh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The present research focused to improve the machinability of Hastelloy C-276 at different machining speeds such as 31, 55, and 79 m/min. The use of CO2 gas and Minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) was applied as coolant and lubrication purposes to enhance the machinability of the superalloy. The output in the form of surface roughness (S.R) and heat generation was monitored under dry, MQL, and MQL-CO2-cooled conditions. The Design of the Experiment was prepared using MINITAB software utilizing Taguchi L-27 orthogonal arrays followed by ANOVA analysis for finding the impact of input variables on output responses. At different speeds and lubrication conditions, different behavioral patterns for Surface Roughness and the temperature was observed. ANOVA analysis depicted that the cooling environment impacted the S.R. majorly (50%) followed by cutting speed (29.84%), feed rate (5.09%), and least through depth of cut (4.95%). On the other side, the temperature was greatly influenced by cutting speed (69.12%), Cryo-MQL (8.09%), feed rate (7.59%), and depth of cut (6.20%). Experimental results revealed that Cryo-MQL cooling enhanced the Surface roughness by 12% compared to MQL condition. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hastelloy%20C-276" title="Hastelloy C-276">Hastelloy C-276</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=minimum%20quantity%20lubrication" title=" minimum quantity lubrication"> minimum quantity lubrication</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=olive%20oil" title=" olive oil"> olive oil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cryogenic%20Cooling%20%28CO2%29" title=" cryogenic Cooling (CO2)"> cryogenic Cooling (CO2)</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/164049/experimental-investigation-on-sustainable-machining-of-hastelloy-c-276-utilizing-different-cooling-strategies" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/164049.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">146</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1122</span> Error Analysis of Wavelet-Based Image Steganograhy Scheme</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Geeta%20Kasana">Geeta Kasana</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kulbir%20Singh"> Kulbir Singh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Satvinder%20Singh"> Satvinder Singh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, a steganographic scheme for digital images using Integer Wavelet Transform (IWT) is proposed. The cover image is decomposed into wavelet sub bands using IWT. Each of the subband is divided into blocks of equal size and secret data is embedded into the largest and smallest pixel values of each block of the subband. Visual quality of stego images is acceptable as PSNR between cover image and stego is above 40 dB, imperceptibility is maintained. Experimental results show better tradeoff between capacity and visual perceptivity compared to the existing algorithms. Maximum possible error analysis is evaluated for each of the wavelet subbands of an image. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DWT" title="DWT">DWT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=IWT" title=" IWT"> IWT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MSE" title=" MSE"> MSE</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PSNR" title=" PSNR"> PSNR</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19367/error-analysis-of-wavelet-based-image-steganograhy-scheme" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19367.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">505</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1121</span> Investigation of Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Friction Stir Welded Dissimilar Aluminium Alloys</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gurpreet%20Singh">Gurpreet Singh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hazoor%20Singh"> Hazoor Singh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kulbir%20Singh%20Sandhu"> Kulbir Singh Sandhu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Friction Stir Welding Process emerged as promising solid-state welding and eliminates various welding defects like cracks and porosity in joining of dissimilar aluminum alloys. In the present research, Friction Stir Welding (FSW) is carried out on dissimilar aluminum alloys 2000 series and 6000 series this combination of alloys are highly used in automobile and aerospace industry due to their good strength to weight ratio, mechanical, and corrosion properties. The joints characterized by applying various destructive and non-destructive tests. Three critical welding parameters were considered i.e. Tool Rotation speed, Transverse speed, and Tool Geometry. The effective range of tool rotation speed from 1200-1800 rpm and transverse speed from 60-240 mm/min and tool geometry was studied. The two-different difficult to weld alloys were successfully welded. All the samples showed different microstructure with different set of welding parameters. It has been revealed with microstructure scans that grain refinement plays a crucial role in mechanical properties. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aluminum%20alloys" title="aluminum alloys">aluminum alloys</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=friction%20stir%20welding" title=" friction stir welding"> friction stir welding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mechanical%20properties" title=" mechanical properties"> mechanical properties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microstructure" title=" microstructure"> microstructure</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80572/investigation-of-microstructure-and-mechanical-properties-of-friction-stir-welded-dissimilar-aluminium-alloys" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80572.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">284</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1120</span> A Gender Sensitive Labour Policy for Gilgit Baltistan</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ayesha%20Obaid">Ayesha Obaid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdur%20Rehman%20Cheema"> Abdur Rehman Cheema</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study is about understanding the role of the gender division of work that has been assigned to men and women in different societies and cultures and its impact on labour force participation through economic development. Development in Gilgit Baltistan has been challenging due to its geographical conditions and the human development indicators are lower than the rest of the Pakistan. Various socioeconomic factors are identified that play an important role in determining the choices and roles men and women undertake for contributing towards the labour force. Our research highlights the areas lagging behind in gender equality in the labour market. The availability and access of gender over these socioeconomic resources determine gender mainstreaming in the labour market. It is a need of time that gender gaps should be addressed at the grass root level by the policy makers to enhance the growth and improve human development indicators. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gender%20division%20of%20work" title="gender division of work">gender division of work</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20development" title=" human development"> human development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=indicators%20of%20socioeconomic%20factors" title=" indicators of socioeconomic factors"> indicators of socioeconomic factors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=labour%20force" title=" labour force"> labour force</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37835/a-gender-sensitive-labour-policy-for-gilgit-baltistan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37835.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">356</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1119</span> Digital Image Forensics: Discovering the History of Digital Images</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gurinder%20Singh">Gurinder Singh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kulbir%20Singh"> Kulbir Singh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Digital multimedia contents such as image, video, and audio can be tampered easily due to the availability of powerful editing softwares. Multimedia forensics is devoted to analyze these contents by using various digital forensic techniques in order to validate their authenticity. Digital image forensics is dedicated to investigate the reliability of digital images by analyzing the integrity of data and by reconstructing the historical information of an image related to its acquisition phase. In this paper, a survey is carried out on the forgery detection by considering the most recent and promising digital image forensic techniques. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Computer%20Forensics" title="Computer Forensics">Computer Forensics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Multimedia%20Forensics" title=" Multimedia Forensics"> Multimedia Forensics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Image%20Ballistics" title=" Image Ballistics"> Image Ballistics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Camera%20Source%20Identification" title=" Camera Source Identification"> Camera Source Identification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Forgery%20Detection" title=" Forgery Detection"> Forgery Detection</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/76669/digital-image-forensics-discovering-the-history-of-digital-images" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/76669.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">250</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1118</span> Constant Dimension Codes via Generalized Coset Construction</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kanchan%20Singh">Kanchan Singh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sheo%20Kumar%20Singh"> Sheo Kumar Singh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The fundamental problem of subspace coding is to explore the maximum possible cardinality Aq(n, d, k) of a set of k-dimensional subspaces of an n-dimensional vector space over Fq such that the subspace distance satisfies ds(W1, W2) ≥ d for any two distinct subspaces W1, W2 in this set. In this paper, we construct a new class of constant dimension codes (CDCs) by generalizing the coset construction and combining it with CDCs derived from parallel linkage construction and coset construction with an aim to improve the new lower bounds of Aq(n, d, k). We found a remarkable improvement in some of the lower bounds of Aq(n, d, k). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=constant%20dimension%20codes" title="constant dimension codes">constant dimension codes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rank%20metric%20codes" title=" rank metric codes"> rank metric codes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coset%20construction" title=" coset construction"> coset construction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=parallel%20linkage%20construction" title=" parallel linkage construction"> parallel linkage construction</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/193021/constant-dimension-codes-via-generalized-coset-construction" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/193021.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">24</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1117</span> High Temperature Behavior of a 75Cr3C2–25NiCr Coated T91 Boiler Steel in an Actual Industrial Environment of a Coal Fired Boiler </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Buta%20Singh%20Sidhu">Buta Singh Sidhu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sukhpal%20Singh%20Chatha"> Sukhpal Singh Chatha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hazoor%20Singh%20Sidhu"> Hazoor Singh Sidhu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the present investigation, 75Cr3C2-25NiCr coating was deposited on T91 boiler tube steel substrate by high velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF) process to enhance high-temperature corrosion resistance. High-temperature performance of bare, as well as HVOF-coated steel specimens was evaluated for 1500 h under cyclic conditions in the platen superheater zone coal-fired boiler, where the temperature was around 900 °C. Experiments were carried out for 15 cycles each of 100 h duration followed by 1 h cooling at ambient temperature. The performance of the bare and coated specimens was assessed via metal thickness loss corresponding to the corrosion scale formation and the depth of internal corrosion attack. 75Cr3C2-25NiCr coating deposited on T91 steel imparted better hot corrosion resistance than the uncoated steel. Inferior resistance of bare T91 steel is attributed to the formation of pores and loosely bounded oxide scale rich in Fe2O3. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=75Cr3C2-25NiCr" title="75Cr3C2-25NiCr">75Cr3C2-25NiCr</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HVOF%20process" title=" HVOF process"> HVOF process</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=boiler%20steel" title=" boiler steel"> boiler steel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coal%20fired%20boilers" title=" coal fired boilers "> coal fired boilers </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9512/high-temperature-behavior-of-a-75cr3c2-25nicr-coated-t91-boiler-steel-in-an-actual-industrial-environment-of-a-coal-fired-boiler" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9512.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">610</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1116</span> Development of a Model Based on Wavelets and Matrices for the Treatment of Weakly Singular Partial Integro-Differential Equations</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Somveer%20Singh">Somveer Singh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vineet%20Kumar%20Singh"> Vineet Kumar Singh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We present a new model based on viscoelasticity for the Non-Newtonian fluids.We use a matrix formulated algorithm to approximate solutions of a class of partial integro-differential equations with the given initial and boundary conditions. Some numerical results are presented to simplify application of operational matrix formulation and reduce the computational cost. Convergence analysis, error estimation and numerical stability of the method are also investigated. Finally, some test examples are given to demonstrate accuracy and efficiency of the proposed method. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Legendre%20Wavelets" title="Legendre Wavelets">Legendre Wavelets</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=operational%20matrices" title=" operational matrices"> operational matrices</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=partial%20integro-differential%20equation" title=" partial integro-differential equation"> partial integro-differential equation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=viscoelasticity" title=" viscoelasticity"> viscoelasticity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58007/development-of-a-model-based-on-wavelets-and-matrices-for-the-treatment-of-weakly-singular-partial-integro-differential-equations" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58007.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">337</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1115</span> The Importance of Adopting Sustainable Practices in Power Projects</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sikander%20Ali%20Abbassi">Sikander Ali Abbassi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wazir%20Muhmmad%20Laghari"> Wazir Muhmmad Laghari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bashir%20Ahmed%20Laghari"> Bashir Ahmed Laghari </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Attaining sustainable development is one of the greatest challenges facing Pakistan today. A challenge that can only be met by developing and deploying confidence among the people. Transparency in project activities at all stages and other measures will also enhance its social and economic growth. Adopting sustainable practices and sensible policies, we mean that project activity should be economically viable, socially acceptable and environment friendly. In order to achieve this objective, there must be a continued commitment to encourage and ensure the public participation in development of power projects. Since Pakistan is an energy deficient country, it has to initiate power projects on a large scale in the near future. Therefore, it is the need of the hour to tackle these projects in a sustainable way, so that it can be benefited to the maximum possible level and have the least adverse effects on people and the environment. In order to get desirable results, careful planning, efficient implementation, standardized operational practices and community participation are the key parameters which ensure the positive impacts on economy, prosperity and the well being of our people. This paper pinpoints the potential environmental hazards due to project activity and emphasizes to adopt sustainable approaches in power projects. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environmental%20hazards" title="environmental hazards">environmental hazards</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainable%20practices" title=" sustainable practices"> sustainable practices</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environment%20friendly" title=" environment friendly"> environment friendly</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=power%20projects" title=" power projects"> power projects</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12239/the-importance-of-adopting-sustainable-practices-in-power-projects" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12239.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">390</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1114</span> Application of Wavelet Based Approximation for the Solution of Partial Integro-Differential Equation Arising from Viscoelasticity</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Somveer%20Singh">Somveer Singh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vineet%20Kumar%20Singh"> Vineet Kumar Singh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This work contributes a numerical method based on Legendre wavelet approximation for the treatment of partial integro-differential equation (PIDE). Operational matrices of Legendre wavelets reduce the solution of PIDE into the system of algebraic equations. Some useful results concerning the computational order of convergence and error estimates associated to the suggested scheme are presented. Illustrative examples are provided to show the effectiveness and accuracy of proposed numerical method. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=legendre%20wavelets" title="legendre wavelets">legendre wavelets</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=operational%20matrices" title=" operational matrices"> operational matrices</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=partial%20integro-differential%20equation" title=" partial integro-differential equation"> partial integro-differential equation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=viscoelasticity" title=" viscoelasticity"> viscoelasticity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57515/application-of-wavelet-based-approximation-for-the-solution-of-partial-integro-differential-equation-arising-from-viscoelasticity" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57515.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">450</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1113</span> Cryptosystems in Asymmetric Cryptography for Securing Data on Cloud at Various Critical Levels</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sartaj%20Singh">Sartaj Singh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amar%20Singh"> Amar Singh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ashok%20Sharma"> Ashok Sharma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sandeep%20Kaur"> Sandeep Kaur</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> With upcoming threats in a digital world, we need to work continuously in the area of security in all aspects, from hardware to software as well as data modelling. The rise in social media activities and hunger for data by various entities leads to cybercrime and more attack on the privacy and security of persons. Cryptography has always been employed to avoid access to important data by using many processes. Symmetric key and asymmetric key cryptography have been used for keeping data secrets at rest as well in transmission mode. Various cryptosystems have evolved from time to time to make the data more secure. In this research article, we are studying various cryptosystems in asymmetric cryptography and their application with usefulness, and much emphasis is given to Elliptic curve cryptography involving algebraic mathematics. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cryptography" title="cryptography">cryptography</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=symmetric%20key%20cryptography" title=" symmetric key cryptography"> symmetric key cryptography</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=asymmetric%20key%20cryptography" title=" asymmetric key cryptography"> asymmetric key cryptography</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/152445/cryptosystems-in-asymmetric-cryptography-for-securing-data-on-cloud-at-various-critical-levels" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/152445.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">124</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1112</span> Characteristics of Technology Infrastructure in Small Firms</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Davinder%20Singh">Davinder Singh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jaimal%20Singh%20Khamba"> Jaimal Singh Khamba</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tarun%20Nanda"> Tarun Nanda </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Growth of the Indian economy has accelerated to 8% and efforts are on to further propel it to 10%. Undoubtedly, all the segments of the economy, viz. agriculture, industry and services have to improve their contribution to the economy. Growth of Micro-small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) is a sine qua non for the growth of industry, exports and other segments of the economy. Furthermore, promotion of entrepreneurship is also vital for sustenance and upward movement of the current growth trajectory of the economy. The MSME sector acts as a catalyst in upholding and encouraging the creation of the innovative spirit and entrepreneurship in the economy, thereby helping in laying the foundation for rapid industrial development. In this competitive world, they need to be able to confront the increasing competition from developed and emerging economies and to plug into the new market opportunities. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=characteristics" title="characteristics">characteristics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=management" title=" management"> management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MSMEs" title=" MSMEs"> MSMEs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=technology%20infrastructure" title=" technology infrastructure"> technology infrastructure</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7352/characteristics-of-technology-infrastructure-in-small-firms" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7352.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">643</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1111</span> A Review on Aluminium Metal Matric Composites</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=V.%20Singh">V. Singh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Singh"> S. Singh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20S.%20Garewal"> S. S. Garewal</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Metal matrix composites with aluminum as the matrix material have been heralded as the next great development in advanced engineering materials. Aluminum metal matrix composites (AMMC) refer to the class of light weight high performance material systems. Properties of AMMCs can be tailored to the demands of different industrial applications by suitable combinations of matrix, reinforcement and processing route. AMMC finds its application in automotive, aerospace, defense, sports and structural areas. This paper presents an overview of AMMC material systems on aspects relating to processing, types and applications with case studies. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aluminum%20metal%20matrix%20composites" title="aluminum metal matrix composites">aluminum metal matrix composites</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=applications%20of%20aluminum%20metal%20matrix%20composites" title=" applications of aluminum metal matrix composites"> applications of aluminum metal matrix composites</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lighting%20material%20processing%20of%20aluminum%20metal%20matrix%20composites" title=" lighting material processing of aluminum metal matrix composites"> lighting material processing of aluminum metal matrix composites</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62849/a-review-on-aluminium-metal-matric-composites" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62849.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">465</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1110</span> Performance Analysis and Energy Consumption of Routing Protocol in Manet Using Grid Topology</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vivek%20Kumar%20Singh">Vivek Kumar Singh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tripti%20Singh"> Tripti Singh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> An ad hoc wireless network consists of mobile networks which creates an underlying architecture for communication without the help of traditional fixed-position routers. Ad-hoc On-demand Distance Vector (AODV) is a routing protocol used for Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET). Nevertheless, the architecture must maintain communication routes although the hosts are mobile and they have limited transmission range. There are different protocols for handling the routing in the mobile environment. Routing protocols used in fixed infrastructure networks cannot be efficiently used for mobile ad-hoc networks, so that MANET requires different protocols. This paper presents the performance analysis of the routing protocols used various parameter-patterns with Two-ray model. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=AODV" title="AODV">AODV</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=packet%20transmission%20rate" title=" packet transmission rate"> packet transmission rate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pause%20time" title=" pause time"> pause time</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ZRP" title=" ZRP"> ZRP</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=QualNet%206.1" title=" QualNet 6.1"> QualNet 6.1</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19914/performance-analysis-and-energy-consumption-of-routing-protocol-in-manet-using-grid-topology" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19914.pdf" target="_blank" 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