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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0;"/><title>Topical Bible: Bitumen</title><link rel="canonical" href="https://biblehub.com/topical/b/bitumen.htm" /><link rel="stylesheet" href="/newtopical.css" type="text/css" media="Screen" /><link rel="stylesheet" href="/print.css" type="text/css" media="Print" /><script type="application/javascript" src="https://scripts.webcontentassessor.com/scripts/8a2459b64f9cac8122fc7f2eac4409c8555fac9383016db59c4c26e3d5b8b157"></script><script src='https://qd.admetricspro.com/js/biblehub/biblehub-layout-loader-revcatch.js'></script><script id='HyDgbd_1s' src='https://prebidads.revcatch.com/ads.js' type='text/javascript' async></script><script>(function(w,d,b,s,i){var cts=d.createElement(s);cts.async=true;cts.id='catchscript'; cts.dataset.appid=i;cts.src='https://app.protectsubrev.com/catch_rp.js?cb='+Math.random(); document.head.appendChild(cts); }) (window,document,'head','script','rc-anksrH');</script></head><body><div id="fx"><table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" id="fx2"><tr><td><iframe width="100%" height="30" scrolling="no" src="/topical/vmenus/genesis/11-3.htm" align="left" frameborder="0"></iframe></td></tr></table></div><div id="blnk"></div><div align="center"><table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="maintable"><tr><td><div id="fx5"><table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" id="fx6"><tr><td><iframe width="100%" height="245" scrolling="no" src="//biblehu.com/bmcde/b/bitumen.htm" frameborder="0"></iframe></td></tr></table></div></td></tr></table></div><div align="center"><table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="maintable3"><tr><td><table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center" id="announce"><tr><td><div id="l1"><div id="breadcrumbs"><a href="/">Bible</a> > <a href="/topical/">Topical</a> > Bitumen</div><div id="anc"><iframe src="/anc.htm" width="100%" height="27" scrolling="no" frameborder="0"></iframe></div><div id="anc2"><table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"><tr><td><iframe src="/anc2.htm" width="100%" height="27" scrolling="no" frameborder="0"></iframe></td></tr></table></div></div></td></tr></table><div id="movebox2"><table border="0" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr><td><div id="topheading"><a href="/topical/b/bitter-tongued.htm" title="Bitter-tongued">◄</a> Bitumen <a href="/topical/naves/b/bitumen--(margin_rv_,_slime))--an_inflammable_mineral.htm" title="Bitumen: (Margin RV , Slime)): An Inflammable Mineral">►</a></div></td></tr></table></div><div align="center" class="maintable2"><table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"><tr><td><div id="topverse">Jump to: <a href="#isb" title="International Standard Bible Encyclopedia">ISBE</a> • <a href="#eas" title="Easton's Bible Dictionary">Easton's</a> • <a href="#web" title="Webster's Dictionary">Webster's</a> • <a href="#cnc" title="Multiversion Concordance">Concordance</a> • <a href="#thes" title="Bible Thesaurus">Thesaurus</a> • <a href="#heb" title="Strong's Hebrew Concordance">Hebrew</a> • <a href="#lib" title="Library">Library</a> • <a href="#sub" title="Subtopics">Subtopics</a> • <a href="#rel" title="Related Terms">Terms</a></div><div id="leftbox"><div class="padleft"><a name="te" id="te"></a><div class="vheading2">Topical Encyclopedia</div>Bitumen, often referred to as "asphalt" or "pitch" in various translations, is a naturally occurring, sticky, black, and highly viscous liquid or semi-solid form of petroleum. In biblical times, it was a valuable resource used for construction and waterproofing purposes. The Bible references bitumen in several contexts, highlighting its significance in ancient Near Eastern culture and technology.<br><br><b>Biblical References:</b><br><br>1. <b><a href="/genesis/11-3.htm">Genesis 11:3</a></b> · The Tower of Babel: "And they said to one another, 'Come, let us make bricks and bake them thoroughly.' They used brick instead of stone, and tar for mortar." In this passage, the term "tar" is understood to refer to bitumen. The builders of the Tower of Babel utilized bitumen as a binding agent for bricks, demonstrating its importance in construction.<br><br>2. <b><a href="/genesis/14-10.htm">Genesis 14:10</a></b> · The Valley of Siddim: "Now the Valley of Siddim was full of tar pits, and as the kings of Sodom and Gomorrah fled, some fell into them, but the rest fled to the hill country." The presence of tar pits in the Valley of Siddim indicates the natural abundance of bitumen in the region, which played a role in the historical and geographical context of the narrative.<br><br>3. <b><a href="/exodus/2-3.htm">Exodus 2:3</a></b> · The Basket of Moses: "But when she could hide him no longer, she got a papyrus basket for him and coated it with tar and pitch. Then she placed the child in it and set it among the reeds along the bank of the Nile." Here, bitumen is used to waterproof the basket that carried the infant Moses, ensuring his safety on the Nile River.<br><br><b>Historical and Cultural Context:</b><br><br>In the ancient Near East, bitumen was a crucial material for various applications. Its waterproofing properties made it ideal for sealing boats, baskets, and other vessels. The use of bitumen in construction, as seen in the Tower of Babel account, reflects the technological advancements of the time. Bitumen's availability in regions like the Dead Sea area, known for its natural deposits, made it a readily accessible resource for the peoples of the Bible.<br><br><b>Symbolic and Theological Implications:</b><br><br>While bitumen itself is a physical substance, its use in biblical narratives often carries deeper symbolic meanings. For instance, the waterproofing of Moses' basket can be seen as a divine provision for his protection and future role as a leader of Israel. Similarly, the use of bitumen in the construction of the Tower of Babel may symbolize human ambition and the desire to reach the heavens, ultimately leading to God's intervention and the scattering of peoples.<br><br><b>Archaeological Insights:</b><br><br>Archaeological findings have confirmed the widespread use of bitumen in ancient Mesopotamia and surrounding regions. Excavations have uncovered bitumen-coated artifacts, such as pottery and building materials, providing tangible evidence of its historical applications. These discoveries align with the biblical accounts, offering a glimpse into the technological practices of the time.<br><br>In summary, bitumen is a significant material mentioned in the Bible, serving practical purposes in construction and waterproofing while also carrying symbolic weight in the narratives. Its presence in the biblical text underscores the resourcefulness and ingenuity of ancient civilizations in utilizing natural resources for their needs.<a name="eas" id="eas"></a><div class="vheading2">Easton's Bible Dictionary</div>Genesis 11:3, R.V., margin, rendered in the A.V. "slime"), a mineral pitch. With this the ark was pitched (<a href="/zephaniah/6-14.htm">6:14</a>. See also <a href="/exodus/2-3.htm">Exodus 2:3.</a>) (see <a href="../s/slime.htm">SLIME</a>.) <a name="web" id="web"></a><div class="vheading2">Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary</div>1. (<I>n.</I>) Mineral pitch; a black, tarry substance, burning with a bright flame; Jew's pitch. It occurs as an abundant natural product in many places, as on the shores of the Dead and Caspian Seas. It is used in cements, in the construction of pavements, etc. See Asphalt.<p>2. (<I>n.</I>) By extension, any one of the natural hydrocarbons, including the hard, solid, brittle varieties called asphalt, the semisolid maltha and mineral tars, the oily petroleums, and even the light, volatile naphthas.<a name="isb" id="isb"></a><div class="vheading2">International Standard Bible Encyclopedia</div><span class="encheading">BITUMEN</span><p>bi-tu'-men.<br><br>See <a href="../s/slime.htm">SLIME</a>.<p><a name="heb" id="heb"></a><div class="vheading2">Strong's Hebrew</div><a href="/hebrew/2564.htm"><span class="l">2564. chemar -- <b>bitumen</b>, asphalt</span></a><br><b>...</b> <b>bitumen</b>, asphalt. Transliteration: chemar Phonetic Spelling: (khay-mawr') Short<br> Definition: tar. <b>...</b> From chamar; <b>bitumen</b> (as rising to the surface) -- slime(-pit). <b>...</b> <br><font color="#ff6600" size="-1">/hebrew/2564.htm</font><font color="#ff6600" size="-1"> - 6k</font><p> <a href="/hebrew/3722.htm"><span class="l">3722. kaphar -- to cover over, pacify, make propitiation</span></a><br><b>...</b> A primitive root; to cover (specifically with <b>bitumen</b>); figuratively, to expiate<br> or condone, to placate or cancel -- appease, make (an atonement, cleanse <b>...</b> <br><font color="#ff6600" size="-1">/hebrew/3722.htm</font><font color="#ff6600" size="-1"> - 5k</font><p> <a href="/hebrew/3724.htm"><span class="l">3724. kopher -- the price of a life, ransom</span></a><br><b>...</b> From kaphar; properly, a cover, ie (literally) a village (as covered in); (specifically)<br> <b>bitumen</b> (as used for coating), and the henna plant (as used for dyeing <b>...</b> <br><font color="#ff6600" size="-1">/hebrew/3724.htm</font><font color="#ff6600" size="-1"> - 5k</font><a name="lib" id="lib"></a><div class="vheading2">Library</div><p><a href="/library/leupold/exposition_of_genesis_volume_1/chapter_xi.htm"><span class="l">Chapter xi</span></a> <br><b>...</b> 3, 4. And they said, one to another: Come, let us make bricks and let us burn them<br> well. And they used brick in place of stone and <b>bitumen</b> in place of mortar. <b>...</b> <br><font color="#ff6600" size="-1">//christianbookshelf.org/leupold/exposition of genesis volume 1/chapter xi.htm</font><p><a href="/library/lightfoot/from_the_talmud_and_hebraica/chapter_5_the_sea_of.htm"><span class="l">The Sea of Sodom</span></a> <br><b>...</b> so properly interpret here, "the salt sea," as "the bituminous sea." In which sense<br> word for word, "Sodom's salt," but properly "Sodom's <b>bitumen</b>," doth very <b>...</b> <br><font color="#ff6600" size="-1">/.../lightfoot/from the talmud and hebraica/chapter 5 the sea of.htm</font><p><a href="/library/origen/origen_against_celsus/chapter_xxx_all_the_people.htm"><span class="l">All the People Upon the Earth are to be Regarded as Having Used <b>...</b></span></a> <br><b>...</b> when they had hardened and compacted these materials of clay and matter, and had<br> shown their desire to make brick into stone, and clay into <b>bitumen</b>, and by <b>...</b> <br><font color="#ff6600" size="-1">/.../origen/origen against celsus/chapter xxx all the people.htm</font><p><a href="/library/josephus/the_wars_of_the_jews_or_history_of_the_destruction_of_jerusalem/chapter_8_how_vespasian_upon.htm"><span class="l">How Vespasian Upon Hearing of Some Commotions in Gall, Made Haste <b>...</b></span></a> <br><b>...</b> However, it casts up black clods of <b>bitumen</b> in many parts of it; these swim at the<br> top of the water, and resemble both in shape and bigness headless bulls; and <b>...</b> <br><font color="#ff6600" size="-1">/.../chapter 8 how vespasian upon.htm</font><p><a href="/library/abbott/cyrus_the_great/chapter_viii_the_conquest_of.htm"><span class="l">The Conquest of Babylon.</span></a> <br><b>...</b> They used for all this masonry a cement made from a species of <b>bitumen</b>, which was<br> found in great quantities floating down one of the rivers which flowed into <b>...</b> <br><font color="#ff6600" size="-1">/...//christianbookshelf.org/abbott/cyrus the great/chapter viii the conquest of.htm</font><p><a href="/library/leupold/exposition_of_genesis_volume_1/chapter_xiv.htm"><span class="l">Chapter xiv</span></a> <br><b>...</b> 10. Now the valley of Siddim was full of <b>bitumen</b> pits, and as the kings of Sodom<br> and of Gomorrah fled some leaped into the pits, and the rest fled into the <b>...</b> <br><font color="#ff6600" size="-1">//christianbookshelf.org/leupold/exposition of genesis volume 1/chapter xiv.htm</font><p><a href="/library/africanus/the_writings_of_julius_africanus/fragment_ix_of_abraham_and.htm"><span class="l">Fragment ix. Of Abraham and Lot. ...</span></a> <br><b>...</b> And there are the springs of <b>bitumen</b>; and it yields alum and salt a little different<br> from the common kinds, for they are pungent and transparent. <b>...</b> <br><font color="#ff6600" size="-1">/.../africanus/the writings of julius africanus/fragment ix of abraham and.htm</font><p><a href="/library/yonge/the_chosen_people/lesson_ix_nineveh.htm"><span class="l">Nineveh.</span></a> <br><b>...</b> three chariots could drive side by side on the top, and built of bricks made of<br> the clay of the country, dried in the sun and cemented with <b>bitumen</b>, guarded at <b>...</b> <br><font color="#ff6600" size="-1">//christianbookshelf.org/yonge/the chosen people/lesson ix nineveh.htm</font><p><a href="/library/irenaeus/the_demonstration_of_the_apostolic_preaching/chapter_23_and_they_arose.htm"><span class="l">And they Arose and came from the Land of the East...</span></a> <br><b>...</b> And the building was made with burnt bricks and <b>bitumen</b>: and the boldness of their<br> audacity went forward, as they were all of one mind and consent, and by <b>...</b> <br><font color="#ff6600" size="-1">/.../the demonstration of the apostolic preaching/chapter 23 and they arose.htm</font><p><a href="/library/josephus/the_wars_of_the_jews_or_history_of_the_destruction_of_jerusalem/chapter_3_concerning_a_stratagem.htm"><span class="l">Concerning a Stratagem that was Devised by the Jews, by which they <b>...</b></span></a> <br><b>...</b> They filled that part of the western cloister [14] which was between the beams,<br> and the roof under them, with dry materials, as also with <b>bitumen</b> and pitch <b>...</b> <br><font color="#ff6600" size="-1">/.../chapter 3 concerning a stratagem.htm</font><a name="thes" id="thes"></a><div class="vheading2">Thesaurus</div><a href="/topical/b/bitumen-pits.htm"><span class="l"><b>Bitumen</b>-pits (1 Occurrence)</span></a><br><b>Bitumen</b>-pits. <b>Bitumen</b>, <b>Bitumen</b>-pits. Biziothiah . Multi-Version<br> Concordance <b>Bitumen</b>-pits (1 Occurrence). Genesis 14:10 <b>...</b><br><font color="#ff6600" size="-1">/b/bitumen-pits.htm - 6k</font><p><a href="/topical/b/bitumen.htm"><span class="l"><b>Bitumen</b> (3 Occurrences)</span></a><br><b>...</b> naphthas. Int. Standard Bible Encyclopedia. <b>BITUMEN</b>. bi-tu'-men. See SLIME.<br> Multi-Version Concordance <b>Bitumen</b> (3 Occurrences). Genesis <b>...</b><br><font color="#ff6600" size="-1">/b/bitumen.htm - 8k</font><p><a href="/topical/s/slime.htm"><span class="l">Slime (6 Occurrences)</span></a><br><b>...</b> Easton's Bible Dictionary (Genesis 11:3; LXX., "asphalt;" RV marg., "<b>bitumen</b>").<br> The vale of Siddim was full of slime pits (14:10). <b>...</b> 3. (n.) <b>Bitumen</b>. <b>...</b><br><font color="#ff6600" size="-1">/s/slime.htm - 11k</font><p><a href="/topical/p/pits.htm"><span class="l">Pits (13 Occurrences)</span></a><br><b>...</b> slim, slim'-pits (chemar; Septuagint asphaltos; Vulgate (Jerome's Latin Bible,<br> 390-405 AD) <b>bitumen</b>; the Revised Version margin "<b>bitumen</b>"; compare Arabic chummar <b>...</b><br><font color="#ff6600" size="-1">/p/pits.htm - 13k</font><p><a href="/topical/p/pitch.htm"><span class="l">Pitch (25 Occurrences)</span></a><br><b>...</b> (Genesis 6:14), asphalt or <b>bitumen</b> in its soft state, called "slime" (Genesis<br> 11:3; 14:10; Exodus 2:3), found in pits near the Dead Sea (qv). <b>...</b><br><font color="#ff6600" size="-1">/p/pitch.htm - 18k</font><p><a href="/topical/b/bulrushes.htm"><span class="l">Bulrushes (3 Occurrences)</span></a><br><b>...</b> Slime (chemar, "<b>bitumen</b>"), pitch (zepheth, "pitch") was probably the sticky mud<br> of the Nile with which to this day so many things in Egypt are plastered. <b>...</b><br><font color="#ff6600" size="-1">/b/bulrushes.htm - 10k</font><p><a href="/topical/s/siddim.htm"><span class="l">Siddim (3 Occurrences)</span></a><br><b>...</b> It was "full of slime-pits" (RV, "<b>bitumen</b> pits"). Here Chedorlaomer and the confederate<br> kings overthrew the kings of Sodom and the cities of the plain. <b>...</b><br><font color="#ff6600" size="-1">/s/siddim.htm - 14k</font><p><a href="/topical/a/ark.htm"><span class="l">Ark (212 Occurrences)</span></a><br><b>...</b> Slime (chemar, "<b>bitumen</b>"), pitch (zepheth, "pitch") was probably the sticky mud<br> of the Nile with which to this day so many things in Egypt are plastered. <b>...</b><br><font color="#ff6600" size="-1">/a/ark.htm - 84k</font><p><a href="/topical/u/ur.htm"><span class="l">Ur (5 Occurrences)</span></a><br><b>...</b> It stood near the mouth of the Euphrates, on its western bank, and is represented<br> by the mounds (of bricks cemented by <b>bitumen</b>) of el-Mugheir, ie, "the <b>...</b><br><font color="#ff6600" size="-1">/u/ur.htm - 15k</font><p><a href="/topical/g/gopher.htm"><span class="l">Gopher (1 Occurrence)</span></a><br><b>...</b> gopher with the modern Arabic kufa, a name given to the boats made of interwoven<br> willow branches and palm leaves with a coating of <b>bitumen</b> outside, used today <b>...</b><br><font color="#ff6600" size="-1">/g/gopher.htm - 9k</font><p><a name="res" id="res"></a><div class="vheading2">Resources</div><a href="https://www.gotquestions.org/Dead-Sea.html">What is the importance of the Dead Sea in the Bible? | GotQuestions.org</a><br /><br /><a href="https://www.gotquestions.org/Chedorlaomer-Kedorlaomer.html">Who was Chedorlaomer / Kedorlaomer? | GotQuestions.org</a><br /><br /><a href="https://clyx.com/term/bitumen.htm">Bitumen: Dictionary and Thesaurus | Clyx.com</a><br /><br /><a href="/concordance/">Bible Concordance</a> • <a href="/dictionary/">Bible Dictionary</a> • <a href="/encyclopedia/">Bible Encyclopedia</a> • <a href="/topical/">Topical Bible</a> • <a href="/thesaurus/">Bible Thesuarus</a></div></div><div id="centbox"><div class="padcent"><a name="cnc" id="cnc"></a><div class="vheading2">Concordance</div><span class="encheading">Bitumen (3 Occurrences)</span><p><span class="rtext"><a href="/genesis/11-3.htm">Genesis 11:3</a></span><br />and they say each one to his neighbour, 'Give help, let us make bricks, and burn 'them' thoroughly:' and the brick is to them for stone, and the <span class="boldtext">bitumen</span> hath been to them for mortar.<br /><span class="source">(YLT RSV)</span><p><span class="rtext"><a href="/genesis/14-10.htm">Genesis 14:10</a></span><br />And the valley of Siddim 'is' full of <span class="boldtext">bitumen</span>-pits; and the kings of Sodom and Gomorrah flee, and fall there, and those left have fled to the mountain.<br /><span class="source">(YLT RSV)</span><p><span class="rtext"><a href="/exodus/2-3.htm">Exodus 2:3</a></span><br />and she hath not been able any more to hide him, and she taketh for him an ark of rushes, and daubeth it with <span class="boldtext">bitumen</span> and with pitch, and putteth the lad in it, and putteth 'it' in the weeds by the edge of the River;<br /><span class="source">(YLT RSV)</span><a name="sub" id="sub"></a><div class="vheading2">Subtopics</div><p class="pspc"><a href="/topical/b/bitumen.htm">Bitumen</a></p><p class="pspc"><a href="/topical/naves/b/bitumen--(margin_rv_,_slime))--an_inflammable_mineral.htm">Bitumen: (Margin RV , Slime)): An Inflammable Mineral</a></p><a name="rel" id="rel"></a><div class="vheading2">Related Terms</div><p class="pspc2"><a href="/topical/b/bitumen.htm">Bitumen (3 Occurrences)</a></p><p class="pspc2"><a href="/topical/s/slime.htm">Slime (6 Occurrences)</a></p><p class="pspc2"><a href="/topical/p/pits.htm">Pits (13 Occurrences)</a></p><p class="pspc2"><a href="/topical/p/pitch.htm">Pitch (25 Occurrences)</a></p><p class="pspc2"><a href="/topical/b/bulrushes.htm">Bulrushes (3 Occurrences)</a></p><p class="pspc2"><a href="/topical/s/siddim.htm">Siddim (3 Occurrences)</a></p><p class="pspc2"><a href="/topical/a/ark.htm">Ark (212 Occurrences)</a></p><p class="pspc2"><a href="/topical/u/ur.htm">Ur (5 Occurrences)</a></p><p class="pspc2"><a href="/topical/g/gopher.htm">Gopher (1 Occurrence)</a></p><p class="pspc2"><a href="/topical/w/wood.htm">Wood (226 Occurrences)</a></p><p class="pspc2"><a href="/topical/v/vale.htm">Vale (20 Occurrences)</a></p><p class="pspc2"><a href="/topical/n/noah.htm">Noah (55 Occurrences)</a></p><p class="pspc2"><a href="/topical/d/deluge.htm">Deluge (17 Occurrences)</a></p><p class="pspc2"><a href="/topical/n/neighbour.htm">Neighbour (139 Occurrences)</a></p><p class="pspc2"><a href="/topical/e/euphrates.htm">Euphrates (36 Occurrences)</a></p><p class="pspc2"><a href="/topical/d/daub.htm">Daub (3 Occurrences)</a></p><p class="pspc2"><a href="/topical/d/dwellings.htm">Dwellings (54 Occurrences)</a></p><p class="pspc2"><a href="/topical/d/daubeth.htm">Daubeth (1 Occurrence)</a></p><p class="pspc2"><a href="/topical/m/mortar.htm">Mortar (16 Occurrences)</a></p><p class="pspc2"><a href="/topical/b/bitter-tongued.htm">Bitter-tongued (4 Occurrences)</a></p><p class="pspc2"><a href="/topical/b/bricks.htm">Bricks (10 Occurrences)</a></p><p class="pspc2"><a href="/topical/b/brimstone.htm">Brimstone (14 Occurrences)</a></p><p class="pspc2"><a href="/topical/b/biziothiah.htm">Biziothiah (1 Occurrence)</a></p><p class="pspc2"><a href="/topical/c/chalkstone.htm">Chalkstone</a></p><p class="pspc2"><a href="/topical/c/clay.htm">Clay (50 Occurrences)</a></p><p class="pspc2"><a href="/topical/a/amraphel.htm">Amraphel (2 Occurrences)</a></p><p class="pspc2"><a href="/topical/a/assur.htm">Assur (2 Occurrences)</a></p><p class="pspc2"><a href="/topical/s/sherghat.htm">Sherghat</a></p><p class="pspc2"><a href="/topical/a/asshur.htm">Asshur (133 Occurrences)</a></p><p class="pspc2"><a href="/topical/s/sea.htm">Sea (4178 Occurrences)</a></p><p class="pspc2"><a href="/topical/t/tower.htm">Tower (74 Occurrences)</a></p><p class="pspc2"><a href="/topical/f/flee.htm">Flee (187 Occurrences)</a></p><p class="pspc2"><a href="/topical/p/putteth.htm">Putteth (182 Occurrences)</a></p><p class="pspc2"><a href="/topical/l/lad.htm">Lad (66 Occurrences)</a></p><p class="pspc2"><a href="/topical/d/dead.htm">Dead (580 Occurrences)</a></p><p class="pspc2"><a href="/topical/c/canaan.htm">Canaan (102 Occurrences)</a></p><p class="pspc2"><a href="/topical/c/canaanites.htm">Canaanites (63 Occurrences)</a></p><p class="pspc2"><a href="/topical/s/syria.htm">Syria (73 Occurrences)</a></p><p class="pspc2"><a href="/topical/m/moses.htm">Moses (9295 Occurrences)</a></p><p class="pspc2"><a href="/topical/b/babel.htm">Babel (3 Occurrences)</a></p><p class="pspc2"><a href="/topical/t/taketh.htm">Taketh (398 Occurrences)</a></p><p class="pspc2"><a href="/topical/a/archaeology.htm">Archaeology</a></p><p class="pspc2"><a href="/topical/c/criticism.htm">Criticism (1 Occurrence)</a></p><p class="pspc2"><a href="/topical/b/babylon.htm">Babylon (270 Occurrences)</a></div></div></td></tr></table></div><div id="left"><a href="/topical/b/bitter-tongued.htm" 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