CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "bioguide.congress.gov",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '8ea277fefd6a44a8',cH: 'PgiNi_7rQxR7EyO1vmnjbUyJTloManyTbqOwhl3gFAc-1732881955-1.2.1.1-RWMewySy3YvKt4O92RRLYgTEyfpNDNl5vHNJ64i50RfusDIsZLvIpTHwEILNo9S8',cUPMDTk: "\/scripts\/biodisplay.pl?index=T000294&__cf_chl_tk=1ux6KOlhuvOrPBzC.5tln0IW_qqpyg2vJqLS01MVfRE-1732881955-1.0.1.1-UMetGWWUqeSPVQF0cYKBZPyVONRZYtDubEAdDLUrjHs",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1732881955',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/scripts\/biodisplay.pl?index=T000294&__cf_chl_f_tk=1ux6KOlhuvOrPBzC.5tln0IW_qqpyg2vJqLS01MVfRE-1732881955-1.0.1.1-UMetGWWUqeSPVQF0cYKBZPyVONRZYtDubEAdDLUrjHs",md: "e611QdFah1bHtWwjqG8SdgO1V6HRD4HawEonxlCdROw-1732881955-1.2.1.1-FzUjgpmudHf9Aq9RsP2LvDZ1stff3xs5XB0cXt1vV9ymG9_GuxZBSl8jxqDtXu.EH0SahC9hpatcD7zsDaKnVaQaCYZUfsuD2oc7vvE7QYSn8VYG0x0Snb50Q74DFhqFn5wddSKWkt8orD6YcIa09QhM7MfrSSxpBpyh1DX3jCHDKFx4ODRvRH8lW8iBQLPgFtb4vTGAgJlYVgxcUJVrOJuIgyQXMRXESq8Bw..DwZgTTGjUlkiqQ9x_ms1gdLPmqSRdq8FNTvQhlGJLXXtRyLPfUnJWn0zS4QqlHFJI8zidsNhpSVM1W8.y771QznR83ThosB1T9VkTKgXhc4CnOhkgiXKhrvTSxiV3tQQaaSrlZJPmGniiinxiasDtxgvZJNckhVybWwUxJoCw5pndcNGcddEu5Xi0ZuH_u_i7pIk1GM_aa4gtvMVisOkc8vKtHmE0aqsd7NaCKdQ8_J70NKf5eyF1GYsll.nd_WsmiJvVOa90lOXX5XDM7wWB10xnal77DsBduRZSj02svh9qRAs9H1Tu1aFaEKcy513_7b2faM5oVajEtEqGRgzYfwlO3iLwFkJKS7Jx5FqQ.XL1o7Zhe7Wczl4Zf4gTGitHFzYZvvhQpWqe55GkIptuYzVxzraz73RsWWYp44TMpwCgk82YOb.WrCAunnKgab0SnMAGeXhXxkMwGs6u4CkU4rOdrSWl2qamI4wBAOWNr7A2ox5_LIoTiG_yM4_x9JwTK6hxdfXNVCC53001OS5RmmKKkiJG68V7GzLEc_wE6tA2yn1ZMZwvTI0_EpisuDmLV7m9w0Sckfu.OXhWbPPDCa9HqfVpiRzTVPfjyTBfQBLfVD12w_cGb.7D6EBuJ9OzSd1kIT9vCqbA38plhCqbuBVrb6Vl_qeyybnLpksf_QExFMlwhChLSkZlWGyjTUYuibGuQpyowK59Tvj5eJ6nlM5LY3zMYJq06eM0g79FPkpEIpkX5bO_ibthvtOXuE2hjhSOplv54a4cJMv4RAVe54Wd3XHwesbJksSGvIrhCp.8sXKFxaqYTYKtbVGvb0xII8KRGVeJavKcbSF8yYJt.3RXJY_bbVopolVpk46kC6ihAINuKq1boj2ibWjMkKecBlk43ylbXucZdY5rfhVJWIMsfs3CH8qSQdRCFdsvQnR2D0elyiVJ5pSTdRxR20_WpmjPdOL7kS5qpNEjOQt7G2ot9zA51pTCAVWZMcWiqzuZLK1LFkaeLcc7EIiNwFfoNB.Lp.JW.ruz4m9ucBR.0gAj18OGCzlU2JC9DbxA0dPAccQp3ZMFs82i_xAGJol.A8yCpTv__TphRbRQWdHiYXPwFxErZXpNm71mfughFj35.xMyL.5_rS0KmLVU2_d7P7VXTMn5aLF65by82sk93vSSS3uabsJrj1ayjqa28ASdN_qFz8qAE5YsBkP2_jeWLCT1mUJVli5M7_uVXBCzwxOKTf74zm.nlK.8pcfVNP6_ATr6a7wCVInogZe5YHoBU0J9hHgdQkLmvytJiXW6BzIPmlQ9mZdmbZ_l.ioFlH.V_o2UeOXk7nzya0sx9KhduuTDObNcG_XUHIDlw1NU.e4HGYA2f08c_QBr5EiEc6w8jt7WRb4Vc5FU0qb3BtLk6OJrsXJRxgjqagGdhrDfhZSCDVH_vmLUZgVO4R9JEqAx7yEWiD4CsWKDMJDNHWAc8PvZfenlOWV.Go_cEgjsQR9NkVEJxnBXsd5T88_3Auq0zhJFcO0cx_N2LI4uWurbbLzDPMPVGMdHX.9P.XSJ_XFvrMhT5UyIIOU25cN1AVZpW0sT_h99HxSKWBEibQCqKwf4fa6iso2mMkcy9TF2oT_AOjnAeP.jXTgIO3vW5Fqe2RHCMAeO3JW09eNZhjOnctnJM_3ps_FbtMyDabtd6eY1hDb2zoknmQiydDrBtrNazfU12yAp6yzFUC7pPanK_ejoPNj0yS6wwKiSpuwwM4fGb4.WP8a4S9EBGVtdHSLqg7_Qj6RBpdxmJkLoc9MeXLY",mdrd: "erKjK0dTzT50l2HlL3ukYY3GBYhUUZbtEMRqYHz6Sr8-1732881955-1.2.1.1-u03fxTVFaSCisHkrjrLEJMeHNdqBmv7c34AoIREpoJ8GwBu9qMCINPWMpTe4bs.8BagrDiEB_3J6lhPqWMfs2NUVVUPXe7St5RG2p2bJBU_tBzLr86qM7mrCwLAFjmLdPvY5CI40YkE8LOsYHj57xVmKMhauUEGFn_C_25q7tqZVFmCDDwSOX5VPbeyzeFmsDiWKuX62KwGxPJoZeUmO_sTWItGKt588HfaSOPqTo2ily0RjjjV6L40PtnN05.7F1T.P.5tRj4VezkFKrMxY8XG05c_pn3PwI2bG1tS4EB368DMavmmCvkVQY5Ns8VyUr8ZwGBagiD1v8YMNC_RJrU3MTFaJLmHkVQRDVPeAoVMdTEGaSRAdZcW5spGbBFwifAoWo4yMcB2L12zxQwPz8vDIPrLS3DjxSgvQWaU3yYnphnkQZIbUpm26NwQnWVoOfQBUv3nJHf8v4Sghsp7Nevs1acLcaK3GDUBnE5sRxz3mgkpYMLNIyhEo7VrmgDpFG2s1ZcSY9hj8LeWplnasCjIzo7B85yyJfyGJQ9HA7pkVubng0a9iFHds9Pey1bTQlCVYuvm4PMvFqcUCYGp5WHR2hoXZWtNjIKOh1Svnt81nqhvIINY55GCw120PBQnNtDfEHjaF9Xd5SnkPtC2FRkEZmYzTGA8h.doNPsFxhKN6_rdG5rs9b7S0BZiZTuaTml2Hp3Kvjg4H7oHzWG597r2_zvGSRTAcvZW_g9TpLRbf5ZdZfrkNvrSxDHrN4YGsPbDqhpmuZ8AVGp0G3Uq0GqxSTqvQUhA3KV1C052Vzkz23RrYYmI817_01Ogy1bXBjfHlE73xPXnRakTQIBQR9jQrn925WqWQ8wOhOvBdsWrP0ThxldXxnIMUku3UTprxveVkzRb_h5qq34a82AS0.b0BVaUw8hfSk3LD823Y1jUdEXWBi7Nwlq_SNjiX3qjpoiZ9pfbaN3cNfdhsPKOdt5ADLNsUMLQx05YXxEDpMsljXjgZeNbfmHluJvMIVBLqY7GuQdpkBb_pjPl7d1GVFm0gvEwAjaqmpJVBnIqQabZIhnTPGCPwG1NCsjBue2xiI5fZujRA1rHjFQCrB3ApFSKxsfZOx7Pw7XSYUoJhQOoPdmpuFu4iOCWgVD7HZ2FfMXLHbXENxJjIfDyAuIQmfHu2VUJU.GpuUPPCONasqHRNSYy7kUmDe2vVfzgilyMOQXBuKyvtODi09TUrqol603rMP1ATrucWkUZiq6wAw.Q027PZLALh4vwC9vd4WdGLAgGGrsTs59oVZZKQFDxx_cRTHuBH6Yuh4woV0qUssgvNqXC9QQZfg3UKUIiDC9kfQ16TvwGiI84QU4s9sUL2aF.67DU6oaSVdKfEoHfylC3RUgWEwZgwWsFKaWC5QdZyhIlBJlqkSiC5jXHpMThfM9rnfh37e6.jUf0yromxMudaZl3rUESGs6EJqwBmeKKRiNfIFAH227x.jVZWZzs_1PvbgN5fmoblXtn04nDGg0YOMbi5XQKc.a.5ZyA6VA8xCUul2gSlKhHBCuyurDcSmlmlYeySbcuDT75wOmbg_JB3SBtg1t27Jtb_X3oOr9rDCVs9_iYqCp7vNpu_jcRCxMYuacEa8FWISnFpg7sWVDWuzjF_4tAp5sAYCnwqkFZc6NYA76iT35kuqsR_5P2ZbX8yDkr1yNOL5DrGS2koCKfN.DCU3Zs2MFFJy2gQ4b4JtLagHTmjYQOuFEU86A6_5pbAE8TgIG1GkRpxZ0wvbHokK8_0bVeyQS_10t.mGbXDWviY1IuNz_UolZiIK0W9qSI4jSNfL4XCLfO3Q7l_HjYwNTBUAv888DAjwgqUfrPAGEUujK8bez.UpPh7s9eXkjV0uhr3dDws7fwOayn3ufzXh6msn69WH0BYGyoLn9k7PZhZRu4usZeQ.4W9cMVmN3rXsIyWr_Mskd_U7UMLvHffbhONdXqM4GtTNoymk8Em"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=8ea277fefd6a44a8';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/scripts\/biodisplay.pl?index=T000294&__cf_chl_rt_tk=1ux6KOlhuvOrPBzC.5tln0IW_qqpyg2vJqLS01MVfRE-1732881955-1.0.1.1-UMetGWWUqeSPVQF0cYKBZPyVONRZYtDubEAdDLUrjHs" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>