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detection</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: crime detection"> <meta name="keywords" content="crime detection"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="crime detection"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 3871</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: crime detection</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3871</span> A Goal-Driven Crime Scripting Framework</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hashem%20Dehghanniri">Hashem Dehghanniri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Crime scripting is a simple and effective crime modeling technique that aims to improve understanding of security analysts about security and crime incidents. Low-quality scripts provide a wrong, incomplete, or sophisticated understanding of the crime commission process, which oppose the purpose of their application, e.g., identifying effective and cost-efficient situational crime prevention (SCP) measures. One important and overlooked factor in generating quality scripts is the crime scripting method. This study investigates the problems within the existing crime scripting practices and proposes a crime scripting approach that contributes to generating quality crime scripts. It was validated by experienced crime scripters. This framework helps analysts develop better crime scripts and contributes to their effective application, e.g., SCP measures identification or policy-making. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=attack%20modelling" title="attack modelling">attack modelling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crime%20commission%20process" title=" crime commission process"> crime commission process</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crime%20script" title=" crime script"> crime script</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=situational%20crime%20prevention" title=" situational crime prevention"> situational crime prevention</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/129407/a-goal-driven-crime-scripting-framework" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/129407.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">126</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3870</span> Boosting Crime Scene Investigations Capabilities through Crime Script Analysis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Benoit%20Leclerc">Benoit Leclerc</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The concept of scripts and the role that crime scripts has been playing in criminology during the last decade is reviewed. Particularly illuminating is the potential use of scripts not only to understand and disrupt offender scripts (e.g., commonly referred as crime scripts) but to capture victim and guardian scripts to increase the likelihood of preventing crime. Similarly, the concept of scripts is applied to forensic science – another field that can benefit from script analysis. First, similar to guardian scripts, script analysis can illuminate the process of completing crime scene investigations for those who investigate (crime scene investigators or other professionals involved in crime scene investigations), and as a result, provide a range of intervention-points to improve the success of these investigations. Second, script analysis can also provide valuable information on offenders’ crime-commission processes for crime scene investigators and highlight a number of ‘contact points’ that could be targeted during investigations. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crime%20scripts" title="crime scripts">crime scripts</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crime%20scene%20investigation" title=" crime scene investigation"> crime scene investigation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=script%20analysis" title=" script analysis"> script analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=situational%20crime%20prevention" title=" situational crime prevention"> situational crime prevention</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/68702/boosting-crime-scene-investigations-capabilities-through-crime-script-analysis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/68702.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">275</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3869</span> Offenders and Victims in Public Focus: Media Coverage about Crime and Its Consequences</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Melanie%20Verhovnik">Melanie Verhovnik</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Media shape the image of crime, peoples’ believes, attitudes and sometimes also behaviors. Media not only gives the impression that crime is increasing, it also suggest that very violent crime is more common than it actually is. It is also no wonder that humans are more afraid of being involved in a crime committed by strangers than committed by somebody they know – because this is the media construct. With the help of three case studies, the paper analyzes how media frames crime and criminals and gives valuable hints as to what better reporting could look like. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=court%20reporting" title="court reporting">court reporting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=offenders%20in%20media" title=" offenders in media"> offenders in media</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quantitative%20content%20analysis" title=" quantitative content analysis"> quantitative content analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=victims%20in%20media" title=" victims in media "> victims in media </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31791/offenders-and-victims-in-public-focus-media-coverage-about-crime-and-its-consequences" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31791.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">385</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3868</span> Application of Biosensors in Forensic Analysis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shirin%20jalili">Shirin jalili</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hadi%20Shirzad"> Hadi Shirzad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Samaneh%20Nabavi"> Samaneh Nabavi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Somayeh%20Khanjani"> Somayeh Khanjani </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Biosensors in forensic analysis are ideal biological tools that can be used for rapid and sensitive initial screening and testing to detect of suspicious components like biological and chemical agent in crime scenes. The wide use of different biomolecules such as proteins, nucleic acids, microorganisms, antibodies and enzymes makes it possible. These biosensors have great advantages such as rapidity, little sample manipulation and high sensitivity, also Because of their stability, specificity and low cost they have become a very important tool to Forensic analysis and detection of crime. In crime scenes different substances such as rape samples, Semen, saliva fingerprints and blood samples, act as a detecting elements for biosensors. On the other hand, successful fluid recovery via biosensor has the propensity to yield a highly valuable source of genetic material, which is important in finding the suspect. Although current biological fluid testing techniques are impaired for identification of body fluids. But these methods have disadvantages. For example if they are to be used simultaneously, Often give false positive result. These limitations can negatively result the output of a case through missed or misinterpreted evidence. The use of biosensor enable criminal researchers the highly sensitive and non-destructive detection of biological fluid through interaction with several fluid-endogenous and other biological and chemical contamination at the crime scene. For this reason, using of the biosensors for detecting the biological fluid found at the crime scenes which play an important role in identifying the suspect and solving the criminal. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biosensors" title="biosensors">biosensors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=forensic%20analysis" title=" forensic analysis"> forensic analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biological%20fluid" title=" biological fluid"> biological fluid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crime%20detection" title=" crime detection "> crime detection </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28079/application-of-biosensors-in-forensic-analysis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28079.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1118</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3867</span> Spatial and Temporal Analysis of Violent Crime in Washington, DC</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pallavi%20Roe">Pallavi Roe</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Violent crime is a significant public safety concern in urban areas across the United States, and Washington, DC, is no exception. This research discusses the prevalence and types of crime, particularly violent crime, in Washington, DC, along with the factors contributing to the high rate of violent crime in the city, including poverty, inequality, access to guns, and racial disparities. The organizations working towards ensuring safety in neighborhoods are also listed. The proposal to perform spatial and temporal analysis on violent crime and the use of guns in crime analysis is presented to identify patterns and trends to inform evidence-based interventions to reduce violent crime and improve public safety in Washington, DC. The stakeholders for crime analysis are also discussed, including law enforcement agencies, prosecutors, judges, policymakers, and the public. The anticipated result of the spatial and temporal analysis is to provide stakeholders with valuable information to make informed decisions about preventing and responding to violent crimes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crime%20analysis" title="crime analysis">crime analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spatial%20analysis" title=" spatial analysis"> spatial analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=temporal%20analysis" title=" temporal analysis"> temporal analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=violent%20crime" title=" violent crime"> violent crime</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/167107/spatial-and-temporal-analysis-of-violent-crime-in-washington-dc" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/167107.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">320</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3866</span> Police and Crime Scene Management Model</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Najaf%20Hamadzadeh%20Arbabi">Najaf Hamadzadeh Arbabi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Crime scene management is the first and most critical step in criminal investigations and all the criminal investigations are based on the ability of the crime scene investigation officers for diagnosing the importance and the role of physical evidence at the crime scene. According to the role of available physical evidence at the scene to prove the crime and identify the perpetrator and prove the innocence of those accused have been unduly and also impossible due to the rejection of these reasons, the maintenance and investigation of crime scene and collect evidence are very important in the crime scene. This research, by identifying the factors affecting the management of the crime scene, looking for presenting the effective and efficient indigenous pattern for managing of the crime scene in Iran. Method: This study is an applied and development research. Wilcoxon signed-rank test and the Friedman test for ranking, were used for analyzing the data and all hypotheses were tested at 95% confidence level. The target population is 50 judges and experts in Tehran. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crime%20scene" title="crime scene">crime scene</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=identification" title=" identification"> identification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=designation" title=" designation"> designation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=individualization" title=" individualization"> individualization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reconstruction" title=" reconstruction"> reconstruction</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37161/police-and-crime-scene-management-model" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37161.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">276</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3865</span> Mapping Crime against Women in India: Spatio-Temporal Analysis, 2001-2012</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ritvik%20Chauhan">Ritvik Chauhan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vijay%20Kumar%20Baraik"> Vijay Kumar Baraik</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Women are most vulnerable to crime despite occupying central position in shaping a society as the first teacher of children. In India too, having equal rights and constitutional safeguards, the incidences of crime against them are large and grave. In this context of crime against women, especially rape has been increasing over time. This paper explores the spatial and temporal aspects of crime against women in India with special reference to rape. It also examines the crime against women with its spatial, socio-economic and demographic associates using related data obtained from the National Crime Records Bureau India, Indian Census and other government sources of the Government of India. The simple statistical, choropleth mapping and other cartographic representation methods have been used to see the crime rates, spatio-temporal patterns of crime, and association of crime with its correlates. The major findings are visible spatial variations across the country and are also in the rising trends in terms of incidence and rates over the reference period. The study also indicates that the geographical associations are somewhat observed. However, selected indicators of socio-economic factors seem to have no significant bearing on crime against women at this level. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crime%20against%20women" title="crime against women">crime against women</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crime%20mapping" title=" crime mapping"> crime mapping</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=trend%20analysis" title=" trend analysis"> trend analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=society" title=" society"> society</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46243/mapping-crime-against-women-in-india-spatio-temporal-analysis-2001-2012" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46243.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">333</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3864</span> Development of an Interagency Crime Management System for Nigeria’s Law Enforcement Agencies</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Abba%20Jallo">Muhammad Abba Jallo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fred%20Fudah%20Moveh"> Fred Fudah Moveh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study addresses the challenges faced by Nigerian law enforcement agencies due to the lack of an integrated crime management system. While various agencies use ICT-based systems, the absence of interoperability creates barriers to effective collaboration and information sharing. The research proposes the development of an Interagency Crime Management System (ICMS), which integrates the Crime Management Systems (CMS) of different agencies through an Application Program Interface (API). The system is designed to allow all law enforcement agencies to input data using a standardized format, improving crime tracking, reporting, and management across Nigeria. This paper details the design and implementation process, highlighting the benefits of enhanced collaboration for crime management. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crime%20management" title="crime management">crime management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nigeria" title=" Nigeria"> Nigeria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=law%20enforcement" title=" law enforcement"> law enforcement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ICT" title=" ICT"> ICT</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/192231/development-of-an-interagency-crime-management-system-for-nigerias-law-enforcement-agencies" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/192231.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">19</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3863</span> Computer Fraud from the Perspective of Iran's Law and International Documents</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Babak%20Pourghahramani">Babak Pourghahramani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> One of the modern crimes against property and ownership in the cyber-space is the computer fraud. Despite being modern, the aforementioned crime has its roots in the principles of religious jurisprudence. In some cases, this crime is compatible with the traditional regulations and that is when the computer is considered as a crime commitment device and also some computer frauds that take place in the context of electronic exchanges are considered as crime based on the E-commerce Law (approved in 2003) but the aforementioned regulations are flawed and until recent years there was no comprehensive law in this regard; yet after some years the Computer Crime Act was approved in 2009/26/5 and partly solved the problem of legal vacuum. The present study intends to investigate the computer fraud according to Iran's Computer Crime Act and by taking into consideration the international documents. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fraud" title="fraud">fraud</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cyber%20fraud" title=" cyber fraud"> cyber fraud</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=computer%20fraud" title=" computer fraud"> computer fraud</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=classic%20fraud" title=" classic fraud"> classic fraud</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=computer%20crime" title=" computer crime"> computer crime</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/72041/computer-fraud-from-the-perspective-of-irans-law-and-international-documents" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/72041.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">332</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3862</span> Detecting of Crime Hot Spots for Crime Mapping</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Somayeh%20Nezami">Somayeh Nezami</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The management of financial and human resources of police in metropolitans requires many information and exact plans to reduce a rate of crime and increase the safety of the society. Geographical Information Systems have an important role in providing crime maps and their analysis. By using them and identification of crime hot spots along with spatial presentation of the results, it is possible to allocate optimum resources while presenting effective methods for decision making and preventive solutions. In this paper, we try to explain and compare between some of the methods of hot spots analysis such as Mode, Fuzzy Mode and Nearest Neighbour Hierarchical spatial clustering (NNH). Then the spots with the highest crime rates of drug smuggling for one province in Iran with borderline with Afghanistan are obtained. We will show that among these three methods NNH leads to the best result. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GIS" title="GIS">GIS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hot%20spots" title=" Hot spots"> Hot spots</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nearest%20neighbor%20hierarchical%20spatial%20clustering" title=" nearest neighbor hierarchical spatial clustering"> nearest neighbor hierarchical spatial clustering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=NNH" title=" NNH"> NNH</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spatial%20analysis%20of%20crime" title=" spatial analysis of crime"> spatial analysis of crime</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/68172/detecting-of-crime-hot-spots-for-crime-mapping" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/68172.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">329</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3861</span> Crime and Class: A Study on Violent Crime in Dhaka City </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20B.%20M.%20Najmus%20Sakib">A. B. M. Najmus Sakib</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Being one of the most densely populated cities in the world, Dhaka is facing diversified types of crimes every day. Limitations of resources insert serious strains among the inhabitants of this city. This paper aims to analyze the correlation between crime and class, more especially the violent crime in connection with social class. Following the stratified random sampling technique, one of the police divisions among eight of the Dhaka Metropolitan Police (DMP) will be selected. The data will be collected by evaluating the case files found in the police report. First, this paper discusses the nature and pattern of violent crimes in Dhaka city. Then, it assesses the socio-economic status of the accused persons considering their professions. Furthermore, by testing hypothesis, it will identify how the social classes are connected with violent crimes. Finally, the paper will ascertain the particular class that has an impact on violent crime in Dhaka City and will be ended by suggesting possible measures should take by the law enforcement agencies of Bangladesh. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20class" title="social class">social class</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=violent%20crime" title=" violent crime"> violent crime</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crime%20prevention" title=" crime prevention"> crime prevention</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nature%20of%20crime" title=" nature of crime"> nature of crime</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/110745/crime-and-class-a-study-on-violent-crime-in-dhaka-city" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/110745.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">145</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3860</span> Terrorism Is a Crime under International Law </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Miguel%20Manero%20De%20Lemos">Miguel Manero De Lemos</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The ‘innovative and creative’ seminal decision of the Special Tribunal for Lebanon (STL) was not welcomed by academic opinion. The court recognized that terrorism is a crime under international law in times of peace. Scholars widely – and sometimes aggressively – criticize this conclusion. This article asserts that, while some aspects of the decision of the STL might be defective, the basic premise, that it is indeed such a crime, is sound. This article delves into the method that the court used to attain such an outcome and explains why the conclusion of the court is correct, albeit the use of a different method is to be preferred. It also argues that subsequent developments leave little room to keep arguing that there is no international crime of terrorism. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=terrorism" title="terrorism">terrorism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=STL" title=" STL"> STL</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crime" title=" crime"> crime</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=international%20criminal%20law" title=" international criminal law"> international criminal law</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58270/terrorism-is-a-crime-under-international-law" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58270.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">328</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3859</span> The Historical Framework of International Crime in International Criminal Law</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tahraoui%20Boualem">Tahraoui Boualem</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Researching the historical framework of international crime means examining the historical facts that have contributed to uncovering this serious crime affecting international interests, and the law by which the study of the subject of international crime is determined is international criminal law, which is a branch of public international law. In this context, the historical study of international crime means recognizing the existence of an international community governed by international law, which makes us acknowledge that ancient societies lacked such stable and recurring international relations. Therefore, an attempt to monitor international crime in those ancient societies is only to demonstrate a historical fact that those societies have known some features of this crime, and have contributed in one way or another to the development of international criminal law without defining its concept or legal nature. The international community has affirmed the principle of establishing peace, achieving security, and respecting human rights. As a basis for friendly relations between the people of the international community and in case of prejudice, such as the aggressors breaching the obligations imposed on them, whether in time of peace or war. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=historical%20framework" title="historical framework">historical framework</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=of%20international%20crime" title=" of international crime"> of international crime</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=peace%20or%20war." title=" peace or war."> peace or war.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=international%20law" title=" international law"> international law</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/170984/the-historical-framework-of-international-crime-in-international-criminal-law" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/170984.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">100</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3858</span> Artificial Intelligence and Police</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mehrnoosh%20Abouzari">Mehrnoosh Abouzari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Artificial intelligence has covered all areas of human life and has helped or replaced many jobs. One of the areas of application of artificial intelligence in the police is to detect crime, identify the accused or victim and prove the crime. It will play an effective role in implementing preventive justice and creating security in the community, and improving judicial decisions. This will help improve the performance of the police, increase the accuracy of criminal investigations, and play an effective role in preventing crime and high-risk behaviors in society. This article presents and analyzes the capabilities and capacities of artificial intelligence in police and similar examples used worldwide to prove the necessity of using artificial intelligence in the police. The main topics discussed include the performance of artificial intelligence in crime detection and prediction, the risk capacity of criminals and the ability to apply arbitray institutions, and the introduction of artificial intelligence programs implemented worldwide in the field of criminal investigation for police. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=police" title="police">police</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=artificial%20intelligence" title=" artificial intelligence"> artificial intelligence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=forecasting" title=" forecasting"> forecasting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=prevention" title=" prevention"> prevention</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=software" title=" software"> software</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/141793/artificial-intelligence-and-police" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/141793.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">206</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3857</span> Exploring Military Crime in the Australian Imperial Force by Officers During The First World War</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Des%20Lambley">Des Lambley</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The scope and scale of crime in the AIF is a subject largely overlooked by historians preferring to narrate the macro-scale topics. This examination exposes some 17,000 military criminals, 414 of them officers and illustrates how military law imposed itself. This subjective sociological perspective humanises the impacts of war upon soldiers. Examples of the crimes, their seriousness, punishments and military justice tell of cause and effect linkages between crime, stress and illness. The discourse is derived from original official military sources in the Australian Archives. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=AIF" title="AIF">AIF</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Military%20Crime" title="Military Crime">Military Crime</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=WW1" title="WW1">WW1</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Officers" title="Officers">Officers</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/147768/exploring-military-crime-in-the-australian-imperial-force-by-officers-during-the-first-world-war" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/147768.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">131</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3856</span> Mapping the Relationship between Elements of Urban Morphology Density of Crime </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fabio%20Salvador%20Aparecido%20Santos">Fabio Salvador Aparecido Santos</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Spencer%20Chainey"> Spencer Chainey</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Richard%20%20Wortley"> Richard Wortley</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Urban morphology can be understood as the study of the physical form of cities through its elements. Crime, at this turn, can be oversimplified as an action that breaks the rules established in a certain society. This study involves these two subjects through the relationship between elements of urban morphology and density of crime occurrences. We consider that there is a research gap about the influence of urban features on crime occurrences using statistic methods and mapping techniques on Geographic Information Systems. The investigation will comprehend three main phases. The first phase involves examining how theoretical principles associated with urban morphology can be viewed in terms of their influence on crime patterns. The second phase involves the development of tools to be used to model elements of urban morphology, and measure the relationship between these urban morphological elements and patterns of crime. The third phase involves determining the extent to which elements of the urban environment can contribute to crime reduction. Understanding the relationship between urban morphology and crime patterns in a Latin American context will help highlight the influence urban planning has on the crime problems that emerge in these settings, and how effectively urban planning can contribute to reducing crime. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Agent-based%20Modelling" title="Agent-based Modelling">Agent-based Modelling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Environmental%20Criminology" title=" Environmental Criminology"> Environmental Criminology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Geographic%20Information%20System" title=" Geographic Information System"> Geographic Information System</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Urban%20Morphology" title=" Urban Morphology"> Urban Morphology</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/124555/mapping-the-relationship-between-elements-of-urban-morphology-density-of-crime" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/124555.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">136</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3855</span> Combining Shallow and Deep Unsupervised Machine Learning Techniques to Detect Bad Actors in Complex Datasets</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jun%20Ming%20Moey">Jun Ming Moey</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhiyaun%20Chen"> Zhiyaun Chen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=David%20Nicholson"> David Nicholson</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Bad actors are often hard to detect in data that imprints their behaviour patterns because they are comparatively rare events embedded in non-bad actor data. An unsupervised machine learning framework is applied here to detect bad actors in financial crime datasets that record millions of transactions undertaken by hundreds of actors (<0.01% bad). Specifically, the framework combines ‘shallow’ (PCA, Isolation Forest) and ‘deep’ (Autoencoder) methods to detect outlier patterns. Detection performance analysis for both the individual methods and their combination is reported. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=detection" title="detection">detection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=machine%20learning" title=" machine learning"> machine learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deep%20learning" title=" deep learning"> deep learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=unsupervised" title=" unsupervised"> unsupervised</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=outlier%20analysis" title=" outlier analysis"> outlier analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=data%20science" title=" data science"> data science</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fraud" title=" fraud"> fraud</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=financial%20crime" title=" financial crime"> financial crime</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/153061/combining-shallow-and-deep-unsupervised-machine-learning-techniques-to-detect-bad-actors-in-complex-datasets" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/153061.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">94</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3854</span> Crime against Women in India: A Geospatial Analysis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=V.%20S.%20Binu">V. S. Binu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amitha%20Puranik"> Amitha Puranik</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sintomon%20Mathew"> Sintomon Mathew</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sebin%20Thomas"> Sebin Thomas</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Globally, women are more vulnerable to various forms of crimes than males. The crimes that are directed specifically towards women are classified as crime against women. Crime against women in India is observed to increase year after year and according to the National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB) report, in 2014 there was an increase of 9.2% cases of crime against women compared to the previous year. The violence in a population depends on socio-demographic factors, unemployment, poverty, number of police officials etc. There are very few studies that explored to identify hotspots of various types of crime against women in India. Hotspots are geographical regions where the number of observed cases is more than the expected number for that region. It is important to identify the hotspots of crime against women in India in order to control and prevent violence against women in that region. The goal of this study is to identify the hotspots of crime against women in India using spatial data analysis techniques. For the present study, we used the district level data of various types of crime against women in India in the year 2011 published by NCRB and the 2011 Census population in each of these districts. The study used spatial scan statistic to identify the hotspots using SaTScan software. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crime" title="crime">crime</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hotspots" title=" hotspots"> hotspots</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=India" title=" India"> India</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Satscan" title=" Satscan"> Satscan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Women" title=" Women"> Women</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/64609/crime-against-women-in-india-a-geospatial-analysis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/64609.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">413</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3853</span> Baseline Study on Human Trafficking Crimes: A Case Study of Mapping Human Trafficking Crimes in East Java Province, Indonesia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ni%20Komang%20Desy%20Arya%20Pinatih">Ni Komang Desy Arya Pinatih</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Transnational crime is a crime with 'unique' feature because the activities benefit the lack of state monitoring on the borders so dealing with it cannot be based on conventional engagement but also need joint operation with other countries. On the other hand with the flow of globalization and the growth of information technology and transportation, states become more vulnerable to transnational crime threats especially human trafficking. This paper would examine transnational crime activities, especially human trafficking in Indonesia. With the case study on the mapping of human trafficking crime in East Java province, Indonesia, this paper would try to analyze how the difference in human trafficking crime trends at the national and sub-national levels. The findings of this research were first, there is difference in human trafficking crime trends whereas at the national level the trend is rising, while at sub-national (province) level the trend is declining. Second, regarding the decline of human trafficking number, it’s interesting to see how the method to decrease human trafficking crime in East Jawa Province in order to reduce transnational crime accounts in the region. These things are hopefully becoming a model for transnational crimes engagement in other regions to reduce human trafficking numbers as much as possible. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transnational%20crime" title="transnational crime">transnational crime</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20trafficking" title=" human trafficking"> human trafficking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=southeast%20Asia" title=" southeast Asia"> southeast Asia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anticipation%20model%20on%20transnational%20crimes" title=" anticipation model on transnational crimes"> anticipation model on transnational crimes</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50189/baseline-study-on-human-trafficking-crimes-a-case-study-of-mapping-human-trafficking-crimes-in-east-java-province-indonesia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50189.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">304</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3852</span> An Examination of Criminology and Cyber Crime in Contemporary Society</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Uche%20A.%20Nnawulezi">Uche A. Nnawulezi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The evolving global environment has as of late seen formative difficulties bordering on cyber crime and its attendant effects. This paper looks at what constitutes an offense of cyber crime under the tenets of International Law as no nation can lay bona-fide claim in managing cyber crime as a criminal phenomenon. Therefore, there has been a plethora of ideological, conceptual and mental propositions of policies aimed at domesticating cyber crimes – an international crime. These policies were as a result of parochial consideration and social foundations which negate the spirit of internationally accepted procedures. The study also noted that the non-domestication of cyber crime laws by most countries has led to an increase in cyber crimes and its attendant effects have remained unabated. The author has pointed out emerging international rules as a panacea for a sustainable cyber crime-free society. The paper relied on documentary evidence and hence scooped much of the data from secondary sources such as text books, journals, articles and periodicals and more so, opinion papers, emanating from international criminal court. It concludes that the necessary recommendations made in this paper, if fully adopted, shall go a long way in maintaining a cyber crime-free society. Ultimately, the domestic and international law mechanisms capable of dealing with cyber crime offenses should be expanded and be made proactive in order to deal with the demands of modern day challenges. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=criminology" title="criminology">criminology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cyber%20crime" title=" cyber crime"> cyber crime</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=domestic%20law" title=" domestic law"> domestic law</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=international%20law" title=" international law"> international law</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/82819/an-examination-of-criminology-and-cyber-crime-in-contemporary-society" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/82819.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">194</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3851</span> Poverty and Illiteracy as a Key Factor for Crime and Unrest in Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lawrence%20Emah">Lawrence Emah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Nigeria, Africa’s most populous nation is undoubtedly, currently going through one of the most difficult phases in her 55 years of existence as an independent nation. At no other time in her history is she under so much pressure of social unrest and unacceptable rate of crime and criminality than it is today. From the North where there is an insurgency to contend with, then to the South where kidnapping and armed robbery hold sway. These issues did not just sprout from nowhere; they have a root somewhere. This is why this paper seeks to bring to the fore poverty and illiteracy as leading causes of these twin social ills– crime and social restiveness as well as suggest practical solutions to the problems. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crime" title="crime">crime</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=illiteracy" title=" illiteracy"> illiteracy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=poverty" title=" poverty"> poverty</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=unrest" title=" unrest"> unrest</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/66634/poverty-and-illiteracy-as-a-key-factor-for-crime-and-unrest-in-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/66634.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">233</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3850</span> Role of Authorized Agencies to Combat Financial Crime in Bangladesh</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khan%20Sarfaraz">Khan Sarfaraz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Ali%20Mia"> Mohammad Ali Mia</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Money laundering and other financial crime have become a global threat in recent years, impacting both developed and poor countries. In developing countries like Bangladesh, it is more difficult to combat financial crime than in developing countries because of the inadequate regulatory environment and vulnerable financial system. Bangladesh's central bank issues guidelines to facilitate the implementation of the prevention of the money laundering act. According to the guideline of Bangladesh Bank, all financial institution has to develop anti-money laundering policy to ensure the safety and soundness of their institutions. The paper aims to focus on the role of authorized agencies in combating financial crime. In this paper, the latest trends in financial crimes have been discussed from global and Asian perspectives. The preventive measures for money laundering and other financial crimes have been discussed elaborately. So far, financial crime is a sophisticated and dynamic crime, and criminals continuously took innovative processes to use the financial system to launder money. The study will take a step in pointing out new techniques, effects and challenges of financial crime in Bangladesh. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=financial%20crime" title="financial crime">financial crime</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=illegal%20money%20transfer" title=" illegal money transfer"> illegal money transfer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=online%20gambling" title=" online gambling"> online gambling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=money%20laundering" title=" money laundering"> money laundering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=authorized%20agencies" title=" authorized agencies"> authorized agencies</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/163733/role-of-authorized-agencies-to-combat-financial-crime-in-bangladesh" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/163733.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">77</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3849</span> Police and Community Crime Prevention in Sweden</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Peter%20Lindstrom">Peter Lindstrom</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Caroline%20Gyberg"> Caroline Gyberg</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Scott%20Goodwin"> Scott Goodwin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Swedish police organisation was fundamentally reorganized in 2015 when 21 regional police forces were combined into one national police authority divided in 7 larger police regions, 35 police areas, and some 100 local police districts. A central theme for the reform was that local crime prevention policing should be more unified in the country. In this paper, we review crime prevention strategies in Sweden from a criminological and policing perspective focusing, among other things, on differences between urban and rural areas. In the crime prevention field, words such as 'knowledge- and evidence-based', 'collaboration', and 'strategies' are common. Our objective is to investigate the relationship between theoretical and practical knowledge in local crime prevention work. Our research indicate that an elaborated and strategic connection between theoretical and practical perspectives is important for successful local crime prevention work. Universities may provide a platform such knowledge exchange. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crime%20prevention" title="crime prevention">crime prevention</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=police%20reform" title=" police reform"> police reform</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20and%20rural%20areas" title=" urban and rural areas"> urban and rural areas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=criminological%20and%20policing%20perspectives" title=" criminological and policing perspectives"> criminological and policing perspectives</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/146769/police-and-community-crime-prevention-in-sweden" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/146769.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">181</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3848</span> Place and Situational Management in Crime Prevention </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mehdi%20Moghimi">Mehdi Moghimi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Doctrines associated with situational prevention considers 'place of committing crime' as one of the fundamental elements of a crime. Meanwhile, with regard to causing or having effect on a crime situation, 'place' can be one of the pivotal indices in situational prevention analyses. This study aims at examining the role of place in construction of a crime situation and explaining the relationship between 'place' and situational preventive measures and procedures. Also, how to identify high-crime places, types of high-crime places and the factors influencing their creation are among the most important secondary objectives of this article. Concerning the purpose, it is a practical study whose material has been written through a documentary method using original sources (English), books and written and translated articles etc. This article is written in two main parts. In the first section, cognitive-conceptual issues about 'place' as one of the main causes of crime situation, and its effective interaction with situational preventive measures will be reviewed. The second part of this paper will focus on criminological examination of places and critical locations of crime and provide situational preventive measures to deal with the situation. 'Crime displacement' and 'geographical distribution of benefits'are also considered as the possible consequences of implementing preventive strategies. The results of the study suggest that the inventory of offenses is distributed according to the spatial characteristics. Moreover, according to the criminological characteristics governing region or location, offenders choose the place of crime based on a logical calculation. Therefore, some locations, regions or neighborhoods are permanent places of occurring lots of crimes. As a result, considering "place", preventive measures and procedures can be systematically directed, and using the most effective ways, limited preventive resources are utilized in the most critical places. Finally, some suggestions for further research and application are provided in line with more favorable promotion of situational preventive measures. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crime%20prevention" title="crime prevention">crime prevention</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=place" title=" place"> place</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=police%20crime" title=" police crime"> police crime</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=situational%20crime%20prevention" title=" situational crime prevention "> situational crime prevention </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34398/place-and-situational-management-in-crime-prevention" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34398.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">516</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3847</span> A Mobile Application for Analyzing and Forecasting Crime Using Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average with Artificial Neural Network</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gajaanuja%20Megalathan">Gajaanuja Megalathan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Banuka%20Athuraliya"> Banuka Athuraliya</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Crime is one of our society's most intimidating and threatening challenges. With the majority of the population residing in cities, many experts and data provided by local authorities suggest a rapid increase in the number of crimes committed in these cities in recent years. There has been an increasing graph in the crime rates. People living in Sri Lanka have the right to know the exact crime rates and the crime rates in the future of the place they are living in. Due to the current economic crisis, crime rates have spiked. There have been so many thefts and murders recorded within the last 6-10 months. Although there are many sources to find out, there is no solid way of searching and finding out the safety of the place. Due to all these reasons, there is a need for the public to feel safe when they are introduced to new places. Through this research, the author aims to develop a mobile application that will be a solution to this problem. It is mainly targeted at tourists, and people who recently relocated will gain advantage of this application. Moreover, the Arima Model combined with ANN is to be used to predict crime rates. From the past researchers' works, it is evidently clear that they haven’t used the Arima model combined with Artificial Neural Networks to forecast crimes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=arima%20model" title="arima model">arima model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ANN" title=" ANN"> ANN</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crime%20prediction" title=" crime prediction"> crime prediction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=data%20analysis" title=" data analysis"> data analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/169076/a-mobile-application-for-analyzing-and-forecasting-crime-using-autoregressive-integrated-moving-average-with-artificial-neural-network" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/169076.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">131</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3846</span> Challenging the Constitutionality of Mandatory Sentences: A South African Perspective</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alphonso%20Goliath">Alphonso Goliath</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> With mandatory minimum sentences, even with its qualification of “substantial and compelling circumstances”, the sentence severity for violent crimes has increased substantially to combat crime. Considering the upsurge in violent crime, the paper argues that minimum sentences failed to prevent or curb violent crime. These sentences deprive offenders more than what is reasonably necessary of their freedom to curb the offense and punish the offender. Minimum sentences amount to cruel, inhuman, and degrading punishment unjustified and vulnerable to constitutional challenge. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=constitutionality" title="constitutionality">constitutionality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deterrence" title=" deterrence"> deterrence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=incapacitation" title=" incapacitation"> incapacitation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=minimum%20sentencing%20legislation" title=" minimum sentencing legislation"> minimum sentencing legislation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=prison%20overcrowding" title=" prison overcrowding"> prison overcrowding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rehabilitation" title=" rehabilitation"> rehabilitation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=recidivism" title=" recidivism"> recidivism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=retribution" title=" retribution"> retribution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=violent%20crime" title=" violent crime"> violent crime</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/154211/challenging-the-constitutionality-of-mandatory-sentences-a-south-african-perspective" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/154211.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">83</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3845</span> ‘Honour’ Crime and the Need for Differentiation from Domestic Violence in UK Law</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mariam%20Shah">Mariam Shah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> ‘Honour’ crime has commonly been perceived in the UK as being a ‘domestic violence’ related issue due to incidents perceived to take place within a domestic context, and commonly by familial perpetrators. The lack of differentiation between domestic violence and ‘honour’ related incidents has several negative implications. Firstly, the prevalence and extent of ‘honour’ related crime within the UK cannot be accurately quantified due to ‘honour’ incidents being classed statistically as domestic violence incidents. Secondly, lack of differentiation means that the negative stereotypical attitudes ascribed to domestic violence which has resulted in lower criminal conviction rates that are also impacting the conviction of perpetrators of ‘honour’ crime. Thirdly, ‘honour’ related crime is innately distinct from domestic violence due to the perpetrator’s resolute intent of cleansing perceived ‘shame’ in any way possible, often with the involvement and collusion of multiple perpetrators from within the family and/or community. Domestic violence is typically restricted to the ‘home’, but ‘honour’ crime can operate between national and international boundaries. This paper critically examines the current academic literature and concludes that the few similarities between domestic violence and ‘honour’ related crime are not sufficient to warrant identical treatment under UK criminal law. ‘Honour’ related crime is a distinct and stand-alone offence which should be recognised as such. The appropriate identification and treatment of ‘honour’ crime are crucial, particularly in light of the UK’s first ‘white’ honour killing which saw a young English woman murdered after being deemed to have brought ‘shame’ on her ex-boyfriend’s family. This incident highlights the possibility of ‘honour’ crime extending beyond its perceived ‘ethnic minority’ roots and becoming more of a ‘mainstream’ issue for the multi-cultural and multi-racial UK. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=differentiation" title="differentiation">differentiation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=domestic%20violence" title=" domestic violence"> domestic violence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=honour%20crime" title=" honour crime"> honour crime</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=United%20Kingdom" title=" United Kingdom"> United Kingdom</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/76169/honour-crime-and-the-need-for-differentiation-from-domestic-violence-in-uk-law" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/76169.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">235</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3844</span> An Analysis on the Appropriateness and Effectiveness of CCTV Location for Crime Prevention </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tae-Heon%20Moon">Tae-Heon Moon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sun-Young%20Heo"> Sun-Young Heo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sang-Ho%20Lee"> Sang-Ho Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Youn-Taik%20Leem"> Youn-Taik Leem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kwang-Woo%20Nam"> Kwang-Woo Nam</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study aims to investigate the possibility of crime prevention through CCTV by analyzing the appropriateness of the CCTV location, whether it is installed in the hotspot of crime-prone areas, and exploring the crime prevention effect and transition effect. The real crime and CCTV locations of case city were converted into the spatial data by using GIS. The data was analyzed by hotspot analysis and weighted displacement quotient(WDQ). As study methods, it analyzed existing relevant studies for identifying the trends of CCTV and crime studies based on big data from 1800 to 2014 and understanding the relation between CCTV and crime. Second, it investigated the current situation of nationwide CCTVs and analyzed the guidelines of CCTV installation and operation to draw attention to the problems and indicating points of domestic CCTV use. Third, it investigated the crime occurrence in case areas and the current situation of CCTV installation in the spatial aspects, and analyzed the appropriateness and effectiveness of CCTV installation to suggest a rational installation of CCTV and the strategic direction of crime prevention. The results demonstrate that there was no significant effect in the installation of CCTV on crime prevention. This indicates that CCTV should be installed and managed in a more scientific way reflecting local crime situations. In terms of CCTV, the methods of spatial analysis such as GIS, which can evaluate the installation effect, and the methods of economic analysis like cost-benefit analysis should be developed. In addition, these methods should be distributed to local governments across the nation for the appropriate installation of CCTV and operation. This study intended to find a design guideline of the optimum CCTV installation. In this regard, this study is meaningful in that it will contribute to the creation of a safe city. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CCTV" title="CCTV">CCTV</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=safe%20city" title=" safe city"> safe city</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crime%20prevention" title=" crime prevention"> crime prevention</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spatial%20analysis" title=" spatial analysis"> spatial analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21746/an-analysis-on-the-appropriateness-and-effectiveness-of-cctv-location-for-crime-prevention" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21746.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">438</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3843</span> Fear of Crime Among Females on University Campuses</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shahed">Shahed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tala"> Tala</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahlam"> Ahlam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marah"> Marah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sara"> Sara</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shaden"> Shaden</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Research on fear of crime has shown that there are many influences on it, including gender, age, and geographic location. For example, women are more afraid of crime than men. The campus has a high crime rate and fear of crime due to many hiding places and blind spots; women are more likely than men to be victims of certain types of crime, such as rape and verbal and sexual harassment. And it became clear that older female students have a different perception of the place over time and other knowledge and fear of it, another study at Hashemite University. This study aims to understand better how the environment affects the negative experiences of female students and how their age and familiarity environment affects their sense of safety. This study also examines whether CPTED can be used to help prevent crime. The Broken Windows Theory also states that crime occurs in areas with overt indications of criminal activity, antisocial behavior, and civil unrest. This is related to the principle of CPTED maintenance and monitoring, activity support, regional development, and access control. Given their increased vulnerability to harassment, “sexual harassment” can refer to different behaviors. On campuses, harassment was happening everywhere, but it was most prevalent in "blind spots" that were out of sight and deserted. This study uses a methodology based on quantitative data that depends on putting a number on the amount of a particular phenomenon that exists in the world. The main finding shows how CPTED works in an academic context and what adjustments need to be made. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hashmite%20University" title="Hashmite University">Hashmite University</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CPTED" title=" CPTED"> CPTED</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crime%20prevention" title=" crime prevention"> crime prevention</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=university%20campus" title=" university campus"> university campus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fear%20of%20crime" title=" fear of crime"> fear of crime</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=female%20faer" title=" female faer"> female faer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=broken%20window%20theory" title=" broken window theory"> broken window theory</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/162092/fear-of-crime-among-females-on-university-campuses" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/162092.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">79</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3842</span> Journey to Cybercrime and Crime Opportunity: Quantitative Analysis of Cyber Offender Spatial Decision Making</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sinchul%20Back">Sinchul Back</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sun%20Ho%20Kim"> Sun Ho Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jennifer%20LaPrade"> Jennifer LaPrade</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ilju%20Seong"> Ilju Seong</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Due to the advantage of using the Internet, cybercriminals can reach target(s) without border controls. Prior research on criminology and crime science has largely been void of empirical studies on journey-to-cybercrime and crime opportunity. Thus, the purpose of this study is to understand more about cyber offender spatial decision making associated with crime opportunity factors (i.e., co-offending, offender-stranger). Data utilized in this study were derived from 306 U.S. Federal court cases of cybercrime. The findings of this study indicated that there was a positive relationship between co-offending and journey-to-cybercrime, whereas there was no link between offender-stranger and journey-to-cybercrime. Also, the results showed that there was no relationship between cybercriminal sex, age, and journey-to-cybercrime. The policy implications and limitations of this study are discussed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=co-offending" title="co-offending">co-offending</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crime%20opportunity" title=" crime opportunity"> crime opportunity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=journey-to-cybercrime" title=" journey-to-cybercrime"> journey-to-cybercrime</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=offender-stranger" title=" offender-stranger"> offender-stranger</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/133013/journey-to-cybercrime-and-crime-opportunity-quantitative-analysis-of-cyber-offender-spatial-decision-making" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/133013.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">179</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crime%20detection&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crime%20detection&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crime%20detection&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crime%20detection&page=5">5</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crime%20detection&page=6">6</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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