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data-mw="interface" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet edit-page menu__item--page-actions-edit"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>עריכה</span> </a></li> </ul> </nav> <div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="content"> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"> <script>function mfTempOpenSection(id){var block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script> <div class="mw-content-rtl mw-parser-output" lang="he" dir="rtl"> <section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> <p><b>לכלוך</b> הוא אי-<a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%95%D7%9F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ניקיון">ניקיון</a>, בפרט בהתייחסות לחפצי <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%90%D7%93%D7%9D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="אדם">אדם</a>, <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%91%D7%92%D7%93%D7%99%D7%9D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="בגדים">בגדיו</a> או גופו.</p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%91%D7%A5:Child-Messy-8207.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Child-Messy-8207.jpg/250px-Child-Messy-8207.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="376" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Child-Messy-8207.jpg/375px-Child-Messy-8207.jpg 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Child-Messy-8207.jpg/500px-Child-Messy-8207.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1872" data-file-height="2816"></a> <figcaption> פעוטה מלוכלכת מ<a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%98%D7%91?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="רוטב">רוטב</a> <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%94?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="פסטה">פסטה</a> </figcaption> </figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%91%D7%A5:Debris_Of_Masks.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Debris_Of_Masks.jpg/250px-Debris_Of_Masks.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Debris_Of_Masks.jpg/375px-Debris_Of_Masks.jpg 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Debris_Of_Masks.jpg/500px-Debris_Of_Masks.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2907" data-file-height="1816"></a> <figcaption> פסולת <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A1%D7%9B%D7%94_%D7%A8%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%90%D7%99%D7%AA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="מסכה רפואית">מסכות רפואיות</a> בתקופת <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%92%D7%A4%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%94?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="מגפת הקורונה">מגפת הקורונה</a>, צולם מחוץ ל<a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%9E%D7%94_%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%98%D7%99_%D7%92%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%AA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="סינמה סיטי גלילות">סינמה סיטי גלילות</a> </figcaption> </figure> <p>סוגי לכלוך נפוצים:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%90%D7%91%D7%A7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="אבק">אבק</a></li> <li>מרכיבי <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%96%D7%99%D7%94%D7%95%D7%9D_%D7%94%D7%A1%D7%91%D7%99%D7%91%D7%94?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="זיהום הסביבה">זיהום סביבתי</a> כגון <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%97?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="פיח">פיח</a>, <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%97?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ערפיח">ערפיח</a>, <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%A9%D7%9F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="עשן">עשן</a>, <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%90%D7%95%D7%91%D7%9A?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="אובך">אובך</a> המותירים משקעים אבקתיים, או פסולת מוצקה כגון <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%96%D7%A4%D7%AA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="זפת">זפת</a>, או פסולת נוזלית כגון <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%A4%D7%9B%D7%99%D7%9D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="שפכים">שפכים</a> תעשייתיים.</li> <li><a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%AA%D7%9D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="כתם">כתמי</a> <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%91%D7%95%D7%A5?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="בוץ">בוץ</a> - תכסית <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%A7%D7%A2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="קרקע">קרקע</a> כגון <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%97%D7%95%D7%9C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="חול">חול</a>, <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%90%D7%93%D7%9E%D7%94?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="אדמה">אדמה</a> כשהיא רטובה ובאה במגע עם חפצים ומשטחים</li> <li>מרכיבים אורגניים הגורמים לכתמים, לרוב מקורם ב<a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%96%D7%95%D7%9F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="מזון">מזון</a> - <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%9F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="שומן">שומן</a>, כתמי <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%A6%D7%91%D7%A2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="צבע">צבע</a> מ<a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%A7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ירק">ירקות</a>, <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%99?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="פרי">פירות</a> ו<a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%98%D7%91?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="רוטב">רטבים</a>, <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%A6%D7%91%D7%A2_%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%9B%D7%9C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="צבע מאכל">צבעי מאכל</a> ועוד</li> <li><a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%AA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="פסולת">פסולת</a> תעשייתית</li> <li><a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%90%D7%91%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%AA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="אבנית">אבנית</a> הנוצרת ב<a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%A7%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%9D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="מים קשים">מים קשים</a></li> <li>חומרים ו<a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%94%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%A9%D7%94_(%D7%91%D7%99%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%92%D7%99%D7%94)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="הפרשה (ביולוגיה)">הפרשות</a> ביולוגיים כגון <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%A6%D7%95%D7%90%D7%94?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="צואה">צואה</a>, <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%96%D7%99%D7%A2%D7%94?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="זיעה">זיעה</a>, מי <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%91%D7%99%D7%95%D7%91?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ביוב">ביוב</a>, <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%A2%D7%A8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="שיער">שערות</a> אדם ובעלי חיים שנשרו</li> <li>כתמי <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%9E%D7%98%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%94?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="קוסמטיקה">קוסמטיקה</a> (כגון <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%A4%D7%AA%D7%95%D7%9F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="שפתון">שפתון</a>, <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A7-%D7%90%D7%A4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="מייק-אפ">מייק-אפ</a>, <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A1%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%94?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="מסקרה">מסקרה</a>, <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%D7%A6%D7%9C%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9D&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="צללית עיניים (הדף אינו קיים)">צללית עיניים</a>)</li> <li>כתמים הנוצרים על ידי ציוד משרדי, חומרי <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A9%D7%97%D7%A7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="משחק">משחק</a> ו<a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%AA%D7%97%D7%91%D7%99%D7%91?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="תחביב">תחביבים</a> כגון <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%98%D7%95%D7%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="טוש">טושים</a>, <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%9C%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%94?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="פלסטלינה">פלסטלינה</a>, <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%93%D7%99%D7%95?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="דיו">דיו</a>, <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%93%D7%91%D7%A7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="דבק">דבק</a></li> </ul> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"> <input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"> <div class="toctitle" lang="he" dir="rtl"> <h2 id="mw-toc-heading">תוכן עניינים</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span> </div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%9A?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%99"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">ניקוי</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%9A?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%D7%98%D7%99%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%9C_%D7%91%D7%A4%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%AA"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">טיפול בפסולת</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%9A?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%90%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%96%D7%94"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">בריאות ונוירוזה</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%9A?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%D7%9C%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%90%D7%94_%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%A4%D7%AA"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">לקריאה נוספת</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%9A?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%97%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9D"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">קישורים חיצוניים</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="ניקוי"><span id=".D7.A0.D7.99.D7.A7.D7.95.D7.99"></span>ניקוי</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%9A&action=edit&section=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="עריכת פסקה: "ניקוי"" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>עריכה</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <p>לכלוך הגוף מוסר באמצעי <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%94%D7%99%D7%92%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%94?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="היגיינה">היגיינה</a> אישית - <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%97%D7%A6%D7%94?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="רחצה">רחצה</a>, <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%A6%D7%97%D7%A6%D7%95%D7%97_%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="צחצוח שיניים">צחצוח שיניים</a>, <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%97%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%A4%D7%AA_%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%A2%D7%A8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="חפיפת שיער">חפיפת שיער</a>, <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%92%D7%96%D7%99%D7%96%D7%AA_%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="גזיזת ציפורניים">גזיזת ציפורניים</a> וכדומה. בין המכשירים והחומרים המאפשרים שמירה על ההיגיינה האישית: <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%91%D7%95%D7%9F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="סבון">סבון</a>, <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%9E%D7%A4%D7%95?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="שמפו">שמפו</a>, <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A8_%D7%98%D7%95%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%98?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="נייר טואלט">נייר טואלט</a>, <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%A9%D7%AA_%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="מברשת שיניים">מברשת שיניים</a> ו<a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A9%D7%97%D7%AA_%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="משחת שיניים">משחת שיניים</a>, <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%9D_%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="קיסם שיניים">קיסם שיניים</a>, <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A7%D7%9C_%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%99_%D7%90%D7%95%D7%96%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="מקל ניקוי אוזניים">מקל ניקוי אוזניים</a>, <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%A6%D7%9E%D7%A8_%D7%92%D7%A4%D7%9F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="צמר גפן">צמר גפן</a>, <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%92?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ספוג">ספוג</a> ועוד. ב<a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%99%D7%95%D7%95%D7%9F_%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%AA%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%94?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="יוון העתיקה">יוון העתיקה</a> וב<a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%90_%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%AA%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%94?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="רומא העתיקה">רומא העתיקה</a>, לפני היותם של סבונים יעילים, נעשה שימוש ב<a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%92%D7%99%D7%9C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="סטריגיל">סטריגיל</a>, מכשיר מתכתי מעוקל, לקירצוף הגוף מלכלוך. לפני הקירצוף נמרח הגוף בשמן מ<a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%91%D7%95%D7%A9%D7%9D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="בושם">בושם</a>, הקירצוף הסיר את השמן עם הלכלוך והזיעה.</p> <p>היפטרות מלכלוך על משטחים ועצמים נעשית על ידי פעולות מכניות באמצעות כלים ומכשירים - טאטוא על ידי <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%98%D7%90%D7%98%D7%90?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="מטאטא">מטאטא</a>, <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%D7%A9%D7%98%D7%99%D7%A4%D7%AA_%D7%A8%D7%A6%D7%A4%D7%94&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="שטיפת רצפה (הדף אינו קיים)">שטיפת רצפה</a> באמצעות <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%92%D7%91?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="מגב">מגב</a> ו<a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%97%D7%91%D7%94?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="סחבה">סחבה</a>, <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%91%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%94?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="כביסה">כביסה</a> (ידנית או ב<a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%9B%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%AA_%D7%9B%D7%91%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%94?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="מכונת כביסה">מכונת כביסה</a>; בעבר באמצעות <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%A9_%D7%9B%D7%91%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%94?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="קרש כביסה">קרש כביסה</a>), שטיפת כלי אוכל (ידנית או באמצעות <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%93%D7%99%D7%97_%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%9D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="מדיח כלים">מדיח כלים</a>).</p> <p>לשיפור הניקוי נעשה שימוש בחומרים כימיים - סבון, נוזלי ניקוי (למשל נוזל ניקוי רב תכליתי, נוזל לניקוי <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%90%D7%A1%D7%9C%D7%94?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="אסלה">אסלות</a>, <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%96%D7%95%D7%9C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ליזול">ליזול</a>, <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%90%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%94?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="אקונומיקה">אקונומיקה</a>, נוזל כביסה), אבקות ניקוי (למשל <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%90%D7%91%D7%A7%D7%AA_%D7%9B%D7%91%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%94?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="אבקת כביסה">אבקת כביסה</a>) ואף חומרים אורגניים כגון <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%97%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%A5?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="חומץ">חומץ</a>, <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%97%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%A6%D7%AA_%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%9F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="חומצת לימון">חומצת לימון</a>. כמו כן קיימים מוצרים לניקוי משטחים ספציפיים העשויים <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%96%D7%9B%D7%95%D7%9B%D7%99%D7%AA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="זכוכית">זכוכית</a>, <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%94?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="נירוסטה">נירוסטה</a>, <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%A5_(%D7%97%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%A8_%D7%92%D7%9C%D7%9D)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="עץ (חומר גלם)">עץ</a>, <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%95%D7%A8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="עור">עור</a> ועוד. לניקוי <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%98%D7%A7%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%99%D7%9C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="טקסטיל">טקסטיל</a> שלא על ידי שטיפה במים מבוצע <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%99_%D7%99%D7%91%D7%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ניקוי יבש">ניקוי יבש</a> באמצעות <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%AA%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%94?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="תמיסה">ממס</a> אורגני.</p> <p><a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%99_%D7%91%D7%94%D7%AA%D7%96%D7%94?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ניקוי בהתזה">ניקוי בהתזה</a> משמש למשל לניקוי מבנים. ניקוי בלחץ מים משמש לשטיפת <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%9B%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%AA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="מכונית">מכוניות</a>. ניקוי בהתזת חול משמש לניקוי גופי <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%99%D7%94?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="אונייה">אוניות</a> משאריות צבע.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="טיפול_בפסולת"><span id=".D7.98.D7.99.D7.A4.D7.95.D7.9C_.D7.91.D7.A4.D7.A1.D7.95.D7.9C.D7.AA"></span>טיפול בפסולת</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%9A&action=edit&section=2&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="עריכת פסקה: "טיפול בפסולת"" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>עריכה</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <p>ב<a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A9%D7%A7_%D7%91%D7%99%D7%AA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="משק בית">משק בית</a> <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%AA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="פסולת">פסולת</a> מאוחסנת זמנית ב<a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%97_%D7%90%D7%A9%D7%A4%D7%94?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="פח אשפה">פח אשפה</a> ביתי או ב<a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%90%D7%A9%D7%A4%D7%94?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="שקית אשפה">שקית אשפה</a> ומועברת לאחר שהצטברה למכל פסולת ציבורי. יש הנוקטים בשיטות הפרדת הפסולת לפי סוג מרכיביה (פלסטיק, נייר וקרטון, פסולת אורגנית, זכוכית), אם מיוזמה אישית או על פי תקנות ה<a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%9E%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%AA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="רשות מקומית">רשות המקומית</a> או המדינה, ובהמשך מעבירים את הפסולת למכלים ציבוריים מותאמים לסוג הפסולת. הפסולת מועברת על ידי הרשויות ל<a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%97%D7%96%D7%95%D7%A8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="מיחזור">מיחזור</a>, <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%98%D7%9E%D7%A0%D7%94?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="מטמנה">מזבלה</a>, שרפה, או גריסה.</p> <p>יש המשתמשים ב<a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%98%D7%95%D7%97%D7%9F_%D7%90%D7%A9%D7%A4%D7%94?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="טוחן אשפה">טוחן אשפה</a> ביתי לטחינת האשפה האורגנית וסילוקה למערכת ה<a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%91%D7%99%D7%95%D7%91?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ביוב">ביוב</a>.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="בריאות_ונוירוזה"><span id=".D7.91.D7.A8.D7.99.D7.90.D7.95.D7.AA_.D7.95.D7.A0.D7.95.D7.99.D7.A8.D7.95.D7.96.D7.94"></span>בריאות ונוירוזה</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%9A&action=edit&section=3&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="עריכת פסקה: "בריאות ונוירוזה"" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>עריכה</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <p>בחברות מודרניות, בשל המודעות לתרומת ה<a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%94%D7%99%D7%92%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%94?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="היגיינה">היגיינה</a> ל<a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%90%D7%95%D7%AA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="בריאות">בריאות</a>, הלכלוך צומצם מאוד. ישנה סברה כי ייתכן שהלכלוך צומצם יותר מדי - על פי <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%94%D7%A9%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%94%D7%99%D7%92%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%94?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="השערת ההיגיינה">השערת ההיגיינה</a> אי היחשפות מספקת בילדות ל<a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%AA%D7%95%D7%92%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%95%D7%AA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="פתוגניות">פתוגנים</a> משפיעה על התפתחות <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%9B%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%97%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%9F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="מערכת החיסון">מערכת החיסון</a> כך שישנה עלייה בפגיעות למחלות <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%A8%D7%92%D7%99%D7%94?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="אלרגיה">אלרגיות</a>.</p> <p>בני אדם ובעלי חיים עשויים לאכול אובייקטים בלתי <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%AA%D7%96%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%94?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="תזונה">מזינים</a>, שבהקשר אכילתם נתפסים כלכלוך או זבל (כגון עפר, צבע מגורד מ<a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%A8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="קיר">קירות</a>, <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%97%D7%A8%D7%A1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="חרס">חימר</a>, חול), זאת בשל <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%94%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%A2%D7%94_%D7%A0%D7%A4%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%AA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="הפרעה נפשית">הפרעה נפשית</a> (<a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%94%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%A2%D7%AA_%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%94?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="הפרעת פיקה">הפרעת פיקה</a>) או חוסר תזונתי ב<a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%A8%D7%9C_(%D7%AA%D7%96%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%94)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="מינרל (תזונה)">מינרלים</a>. התופעה קיימת לעיתים אצל נשים <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%95%D7%9F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="הריון">הרות</a>.</p> <p><a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%96%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%91%D7%99%D7%94?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="מיזופוביה">מיזופוביה</a> היא <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%91%D7%99%D7%94_%D7%A1%D7%A4%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%AA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="פוביה ספציפית">פוביה ספציפית</a> <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%AA%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%92%D7%99%D7%94?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="פתולוגיה">פתולוגית</a> שמתבטאת בפחד קיצוני מלכלוך וממגע עם משטחים שנתפסים כלא נקיים, מחשש להידבקות ב<a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%96%D7%99%D7%94%D7%95%D7%9D_(%D7%A8%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%90%D7%94)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="זיהום (רפואה)">זיהומים</a> או ב<a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%97%D7%99%D7%99%D7%93%D7%A7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="חיידק">חיידקים</a>. לעיתים היא נלווית ל<a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%94%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%A2%D7%94_%D7%98%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%93%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%AA-%D7%9B%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%99%D7%AA%D7%99%D7%AA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="הפרעה טורדנית-כפייתית">הפרעה טורדנית-כפייתית</a>.</p> <p><br></p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="לקריאה_נוספת"><span id=".D7.9C.D7.A7.D7.A8.D7.99.D7.90.D7.94_.D7.A0.D7.95.D7.A1.D7.A4.D7.AA"></span>לקריאה נוספת</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%9A&action=edit&section=4&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="עריכת פסקה: "לקריאה נוספת"" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>עריכה</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <ul> <li>מרי דאגלס, <b><a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%98%D7%95%D7%94%D7%A8_%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%9B%D7%A0%D7%94?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="טוהר וסכנה">טוהר וסכנה: ניתוח של המושגים זיהום וטאבו</a>,</b> <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%A1%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%92?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="רסלינג">רסלינג</a>: תל אביב.</li> <li>אסא דורון ו<a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%A8_%D7%90%D7%91%D7%99%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%99&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="ניר אביאלי (הדף אינו קיים)">ניר אביאלי</a>, "אנשים שאינם במקומם: לכלוך בהודו ובישראל", <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%AA%D7%99%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%94_%D7%95%D7%91%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%AA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="תיאוריה וביקורת">תיאוריה וביקורת</a> 44, 2015, עמ' 261-272.</li> </ul> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="קישורים_חיצוניים"><span id=".D7.A7.D7.99.D7.A9.D7.95.D7.A8.D7.99.D7.9D_.D7.97.D7.99.D7.A6.D7.95.D7.A0.D7.99.D7.99.D7.9D"></span>קישורים חיצוניים</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%9A&action=edit&section=5&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="עריכת פסקה: "קישורים חיצוניים"" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>עריכה</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <div class="sisterwikilinkT"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/" title="ויקישיתוף"> <noscript> <img alt="ויקישיתוף" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/15px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 15px;height: 20px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/15px-Commons-logo.svg.png" data-alt="ויקישיתוף" data-width="15" data-height="20" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/23px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> מדיה וקבצים בנושא <b><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Dirtiness" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Dirtiness">לכלוך</a></b> ב<a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%95%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%AA%D7%95%D7%A3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ויקישיתוף">וויקישיתוף</a> </div> <ul> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.hayadan.org.il/nano-detergent-290812">הננו טכנולוגיה מגוייסת לשירות הנקיון: נוזל דוחה לכלוך יילחם במים, אבק ושמן</a>, באתר "<a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%94%D7%99%D7%93%D7%A2%D7%9F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="הידען">הידען</a>"</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.weekend.co.il/article.aspx?id%3D780">בלי לכלוך וריח: טיול בזבל</a> (טיולים באתרי פסולת ומחזור), באתר weekend</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20131011172032/http://www.eyarok.org.il/2011/05/%25d7%259e%25d7%2599-%25d7%25a9%25d7%25a0%25d7%2599%25d7%25a7%25d7%2594-%25d7%259c%25d7%259b%25d7%259c%25d7%2595%25d7%259a-%25d7%25a9%25d7%259c-%25d7%2590%25d7%2597%25d7%25a8%25d7%2599%25d7%259d-%25e2%2580%2593-%25d7%259e%25d7%25a1%25d7%25aa%25d7%259b%25d7%259c-%25d7%25a2%25d7%259c-%25d7%2596%25d7%2594-%25d7%2590%25d7%2597/">"מי שניקה לכלוך של אחרים – מסתכל על זה אחרת"</a>, ב"אי ירוק" - מגזין ה<a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%A7%22%D7%9C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="קק"ל">קק"ל</a></li> </ul>   </section> </div> <noscript> <img 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modified-enhancement" data-user-name="כובש המלפפונים" data-user-gender="male" data-timestamp="1687345460"> <span>נערך לאחרונה ב־21 ביוני 2023, בשעה 13:04</span> </span> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-small minerva-icon--expand"></span> </div></a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id="mw-data-after-content"> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>שפות</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dirt" title="Dirt – אנגלית" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Dirt" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="אנגלית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schmutz" title="Schmutz – גרמנית שווייצרית" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Schmutz" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="גרמנית שווייצרית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2588%25D8%25B3%25D8%25AE" title="وسخ – ערבית" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="وسخ" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="ערבית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ati" title="Ati – ביקולית מרכזית" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Ati" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="ביקולית מרכזית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brut%25C3%25ADcia" title="Brutícia – קטלאנית" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Brutícia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="קטלאנית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schmutz" title="Schmutz – גרמנית" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Schmutz" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="גרמנית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%25C3%25B9%25C5%259Bna" title="Rùśna – אמיליאנית רומניולית" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Rùśna" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="אמיליאנית רומניולית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suciedad" title="Suciedad – ספרדית" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Suciedad" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="ספרדית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25DA%25A9%25D8%25AB%25DB%258C%25D9%2581%25DB%258C" title="کثیفی – פרסית" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کثیفی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="פרסית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lika" title="Lika – פינית" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Lika" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="פינית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salte" title="Salte – קראולית האיטית" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Salte" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="קראולית האיטית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B2%2595%25E0%25B3%258A%25E0%25B2%25B3%25E0%25B3%2586" title="ಕೊಳೆ – קנאדה" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಕೊಳೆ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="קנאדה" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25EB%2595%258C" title="때 – קוריאנית" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="때" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="קוריאנית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brud" title="Brud – פולנית" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Brud" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="פולנית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sujeira" title="Sujeira – פורטוגזית" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Sujeira" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="פורטוגזית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clart" title="Clart – סקוטית" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Clart" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="סקוטית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25C5%25A0pina" title="Špina – סלובקית" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Špina" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="סלובקית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smuts" title="Smuts – שוודית" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Smuts" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="שוודית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uchafu" title="Uchafu – סווהילי" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Uchafu" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="סווהילי" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25DA%25AF%25D9%2586%25D8%25AF%25DA%25AF%25DB%258C" title="گندگی – אורדו" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="گندگی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="אורדו" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E6%25B1%25A1%25E5%259E%25A2" title="污垢 – סינית" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="污垢" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="סינית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E6%25B1%25A1%25E7%25B3%259F%25E5%2598%25A2" title="污糟嘢 – קנטונזית" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="污糟嘢" 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