CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>New Zealand nationality law - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"95b0c76d-7604-4a1e-9552-04e1e986aa5c","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"New_Zealand_nationality_law","wgTitle":"New Zealand nationality law","wgCurRevisionId":1255734148,"wgRevisionId":1255734148,"wgArticleId":2316836,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Featured articles","Use dmy dates from January 2020","Use New Zealand English from November 2024","All Wikipedia articles written in New Zealand English","New Zealand nationality law","Immigration to New Zealand","New Zealand and the Commonwealth of Nations","Foreign relations of New Zealand"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel": "wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"New_Zealand_nationality_law","wgRelevantArticleId":2316836,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":50000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q7016282","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands", "architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","ext.scribunto.logs","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP", "ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.quicksurveys.init","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Coat_of_arms_of_New_Zealand.svg/1200px-Coat_of_arms_of_New_Zealand.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1157"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Coat_of_arms_of_New_Zealand.svg/800px-Coat_of_arms_of_New_Zealand.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="771"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Coat_of_arms_of_New_Zealand.svg/640px-Coat_of_arms_of_New_Zealand.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="617"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="New Zealand nationality law - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Zealand_nationality_law"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=New_Zealand_nationality_law&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Zealand_nationality_law"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-New_Zealand_nationality_law rootpage-New_Zealand_nationality_law skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=New+Zealand+nationality+law" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=New+Zealand+nationality+law" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=New+Zealand+nationality+law" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=New+Zealand+nationality+law" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Terminology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Terminology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Terminology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Terminology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Colonial-era_policy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Colonial-era_policy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Colonial-era policy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Colonial-era_policy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Māori_conflicts_and_integration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Māori_conflicts_and_integration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.1</span> <span>Māori conflicts and integration</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Māori_conflicts_and_integration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Discriminatory_policies_against_Chinese_migrants" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Discriminatory_policies_against_Chinese_migrants"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.2</span> <span>Discriminatory policies against Chinese migrants</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Discriminatory_policies_against_Chinese_migrants-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Territorial_acquisitions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Territorial_acquisitions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.3</span> <span>Territorial acquisitions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Territorial_acquisitions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Imperial_common_code" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Imperial_common_code"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Imperial common code</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Imperial_common_code-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Changing_relationship_with_Britain" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Changing_relationship_with_Britain"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Changing relationship with Britain</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Changing_relationship_with_Britain-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transition_to_national_citizenship" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transition_to_national_citizenship"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Transition to national citizenship</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transition_to_national_citizenship-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Nationality_arrangements_for_former_territories" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nationality_arrangements_for_former_territories"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4.1</span> <span>Nationality arrangements for former territories</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nationality_arrangements_for_former_territories-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Acquisition_and_loss_of_citizenship" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Acquisition_and_loss_of_citizenship"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Acquisition and loss of citizenship</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Acquisition_and_loss_of_citizenship-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Acquisition and loss of citizenship subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Acquisition_and_loss_of_citizenship-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Entitlement_by_birth,_descent,_or_adoption" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Entitlement_by_birth,_descent,_or_adoption"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Entitlement by birth, descent, or adoption</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Entitlement_by_birth,_descent,_or_adoption-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Voluntary_acquisition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Voluntary_acquisition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Voluntary acquisition</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Voluntary_acquisition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Relinquishment_and_deprivation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Relinquishment_and_deprivation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Relinquishment and deprivation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Relinquishment_and_deprivation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Publications" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Publications"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2.1</span> <span>Publications</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Publications-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legislation_and_case_law" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legislation_and_case_law"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2.2</span> <span>Legislation and case law</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legislation_and_case_law-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">New Zealand nationality law</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 3 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-3" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">3 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hukum_kewarganegaraan_Selandia_Baru" title="Hukum kewarganegaraan Selandia Baru – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Hukum kewarganegaraan Selandia Baru" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uuden-Seelannin_kansalaisuus" title="Uuden-Seelannin kansalaisuus – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Uuden-Seelannin kansalaisuus" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B4%90%E8%A5%BF%E8%98%AD%E5%9C%8B%E7%B1%8D%E6%B3%95" title="紐西蘭國籍法 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="紐西蘭國籍法" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q7016282#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_nationality_law" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:New_Zealand_nationality_law" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_nationality_law"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Zealand_nationality_law&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Zealand_nationality_law&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_nationality_law"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Zealand_nationality_law&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Zealand_nationality_law&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/New_Zealand_nationality_law" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/New_Zealand_nationality_law" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Zealand_nationality_law&oldid=1255734148" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Zealand_nationality_law&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=New_Zealand_nationality_law&id=1255734148&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FNew_Zealand_nationality_law"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FNew_Zealand_nationality_law"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=New_Zealand_nationality_law&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Zealand_nationality_law&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q7016282" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-featured-star" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Featured_articles*" title="This is a featured article. Click here for more information."><img alt="Featured article" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/20px-Cscr-featured.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/30px-Cscr-featured.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/40px-Cscr-featured.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="466" data-file-height="443" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color: #ededed">Citizenship Act 1977</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_New_Zealand.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Coat_of_arms_of_New_Zealand.svg/170px-Coat_of_arms_of_New_Zealand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Coat_of_arms_of_New_Zealand.svg/255px-Coat_of_arms_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Coat_of_arms_of_New_Zealand.svg/340px-Coat_of_arms_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="725" data-file-height="699" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #ededed"><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Parliament" title="New Zealand Parliament">New Zealand Parliament</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold; font-weight:normal;background:transparent;text-align:center;"><div style="margin: 0 4em"><b><a href="/wiki/Long_title" class="mw-redirect" title="Long title">Long title</a></b></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">An Act to make better provision with respect to the status of New Zealand citizenship, and to consolidate and amend the British Nationality and New Zealand Citizenship Act 1948 </div> </li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Citation</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/1977/0061/latest/whole.html">1977 No 61</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Territorial extent</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Realm_of_New_Zealand" title="Realm of New Zealand">Realm of New Zealand</a> (includes <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Cook_Islands" title="Cook Islands">Cook Islands</a>, <a href="/wiki/Niue" title="Niue">Niue</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tokelau" title="Tokelau">Tokelau</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Ross_Dependency" title="Ross Dependency">Ross Dependency</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Enacted by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/38th_New_Zealand_Parliament" title="38th New Zealand Parliament">38th New Zealand Parliament</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Royal_assent" title="Royal assent">Royal assent</a></th><td class="infobox-data">1 December 1977<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECitizenship_Act_1977_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECitizenship_Act_1977-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Commenced</th><td class="infobox-data">1 January 1978<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECitizenship_Act_1977s._1(2)_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECitizenship_Act_1977s._1(2)-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Administered by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Internal_Affairs_(New_Zealand)" class="mw-redirect" title="Department of Internal Affairs (New Zealand)">Department of Internal Affairs</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECitizenship_Act_1977_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECitizenship_Act_1977-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Introduced by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Allan_Highet" title="Allan Highet">Allan Highet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Internal_Affairs_(New_Zealand)" title="Minister of Internal Affairs (New Zealand)">Minister of Internal Affairs</a><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #ededed"><a href="/wiki/Repeal" title="Repeal">Repeals</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/British_Nationality_and_New_Zealand_Citizenship_Act_1948" title="British Nationality and New Zealand Citizenship Act 1948">British Nationality and New Zealand Citizenship Act 1948</a> (1948 No 15)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="background-color:#FFFFCC;"><b>Status:</b> Amended</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>New Zealand nationality law</b> details the conditions by which a person is a <a href="/wiki/Nationality" title="Nationality">national</a> of <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a>. The primary law governing these requirements is the Citizenship Act 1977, which <a href="/wiki/Coming_into_force" class="mw-redirect" title="Coming into force">came into force</a> on 1 January 1978. Regulations apply to the entire <a href="/wiki/Realm_of_New_Zealand" title="Realm of New Zealand">Realm of New Zealand</a>, which includes the country of New Zealand itself, the <a href="/wiki/Cook_Islands" title="Cook Islands">Cook Islands</a>, <a href="/wiki/Niue" title="Niue">Niue</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tokelau" title="Tokelau">Tokelau</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Ross_Dependency" title="Ross Dependency">Ross Dependency</a>. </p><p>All persons born within the Realm before 2006 were automatically citizens at birth regardless of the nationalities of their parents. Individuals born in the Realm from that year on receive New Zealand citizenship at birth if at least one of their parents is a New Zealand citizen or otherwise entitled to live in New Zealand indefinitely (meaning New Zealand and Australian permanent residents, as well as <a href="/wiki/Australian_nationality_law" title="Australian nationality law">Australian citizens</a>). Foreign nationals may be granted citizenship if they are <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_permanent_residency" title="New Zealand permanent residency">permanent residents</a> and live in any part of the Realm. </p><p>New Zealand was previously a <a href="/wiki/Colony_of_New_Zealand" title="Colony of New Zealand">colony of the British Empire</a> and local residents were <a href="/wiki/British_subject" title="British subject">British subjects</a>. Over time, the colony was granted more autonomy and <a href="/wiki/Independence_of_New_Zealand" title="Independence of New Zealand">gradually became independent</a> from the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>. Although New Zealand citizens are no longer British, they continue to hold favoured status when residing in the UK; as <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_citizen" title="Commonwealth citizen">Commonwealth citizens</a>, New Zealanders are eligible to vote in UK elections and serve in public office there. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886046785">.mw-parser-output .toclimit-2 .toclevel-1 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-3 .toclevel-2 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-4 .toclevel-3 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-5 .toclevel-4 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-6 .toclevel-5 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-7 .toclevel-6 ul{display:none}</style><div class="toclimit-3"><meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Terminology">Terminology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Zealand_nationality_law&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Terminology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Although <a href="/wiki/Citizenship" title="Citizenship">citizenship</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nationality" title="Nationality">nationality</a> have distinct legal meanings,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFransman20114_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFransman20114-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> New Zealand nationals have been referred to as citizens in domestic nationality legislation since 1948.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilson1966_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilson1966-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nationality refers to a person's legal belonging to a country and is the common term used in international treaties when referring to members of a state, while citizenship usually refers to the set of rights and duties a person has in that nation. This distinction is generally clearly defined in non-English speaking countries but not in the <a href="/wiki/Anglosphere" title="Anglosphere">Anglosphere</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKondo20012–3_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKondo20012–3-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the New Zealand context, there is little distinction between the two terms and they are used interchangeably.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpoonley2001163_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESpoonley2001163-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Zealand_nationality_law&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Colonial-era_policy">Colonial-era policy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Zealand_nationality_law&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Colonial-era policy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Colony_of_New_Zealand" title="Colony of New Zealand">Colony of New Zealand</a>, <a href="/wiki/British_subject" title="British subject">British subject</a>, and <a href="/wiki/History_of_British_nationality_law" title="History of British nationality law">History of British nationality law</a></div> <p>New Zealand became a part of the <a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British Empire</a> in 1840 after the signing of the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Waitangi" title="Treaty of Waitangi">Treaty of Waitangi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcMillanHood20163_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcMillanHood20163-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Accordingly, <a href="/wiki/British_nationality_law" title="British nationality law">British nationality law</a> applied to the colony. All New Zealanders were <a href="/wiki/British_subject" title="British subject">British subjects</a>, including the indigenous <a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_people" title="Māori people">Māori</a>, who were extended all rights as British subjects under the terms of the treaty.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcMillanHood20164_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcMillanHood20164-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Any person born in New Zealand, the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland" title="United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland">United Kingdom</a>, or anywhere else within <a href="/wiki/The_Crown" title="The Crown">Crown</a> dominions was a natural-born British subject.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKaratani200341–42_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKaratani200341–42-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Foreign_national" title="Foreign national">Foreign nationals</a> who were not British subjects had limited property rights and could not own land. French and German immigrants successfully lobbied the government for the ability to <a href="/wiki/Naturalization" title="Naturalization">naturalise</a> in 1844. Individuals intending to become British subjects needed to request for their names to be included in annual naturalisation ordinances or Acts passed by the <a href="/wiki/Governor-General_of_New_Zealand" title="Governor-General of New Zealand">governor</a> or <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Parliament" title="New Zealand Parliament">General Assembly</a> that regularly granted foreigners subject status.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcMillanHood20164_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcMillanHood20164-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>British nationality law during this time was uncodified and did not have a standard set of regulations,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGosewinkel200813_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGosewinkel200813-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> relying instead on past <a href="/wiki/Precedent" title="Precedent">precedent</a> and <a href="/wiki/Common_law" title="Common law">common law</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKaratani200341_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKaratani200341-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Until the mid-19th century, it was unclear whether rules for naturalisation in the United Kingdom were applicable elsewhere in the Empire. Each colony had wide discretion in developing their own procedures and requirements for naturalisation up to that point.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKaratani200355–56_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKaratani200355–56-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1847, the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Parliament of the United Kingdom">Imperial Parliament</a> formalised a clear distinction between subjects who naturalised in the UK and those who did so in other territories. Individuals who naturalised in the UK were deemed to have received the status by imperial naturalisation, which was valid throughout the Empire. Those naturalising in colonies were said to have gone through local naturalisation and were given subject status valid only within the relevant territory;<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHistorical_background_information_on_nationality8_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHistorical_background_information_on_nationality8-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a subject who locally naturalised in New Zealand was a British subject there, but not in <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a> or <a href="/wiki/Colony_of_New_South_Wales" title="Colony of New South Wales">New South Wales</a>. When travelling outside of the Empire, British subjects who were locally naturalised in a colony were still entitled to imperial protection.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKaratani200356_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKaratani200356-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Naturalisation continued to be processed through annual personalised legislation until 1866, when the process was streamlined. Individuals living in or intending to reside in New Zealand who met a good character requirement and were able to pay a £1 fee could apply for naturalisation with the <a href="/wiki/Department_of_Internal_Affairs_(New_Zealand)" class="mw-redirect" title="Department of Internal Affairs (New Zealand)">Colonial Secretary's Office</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcMillanHood20164_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcMillanHood20164-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There was no minimum residence requirement and applicants simply needed approval from the governor.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMercer201826_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMercer201826-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> British subjects who had already been naturalised in the United Kingdom or other parts of the Empire (except for its colonies in Asia) could apply to be naturalised again in New Zealand without swearing an <a href="/wiki/Oath_of_Allegiance_(New_Zealand)" title="Oath of Allegiance (New Zealand)">oath of allegiance</a> if they had previously taken one; they already would have owed allegiance to the Sovereign.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDawkins1978209_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDawkins1978209-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAliens_Act_1866s._9_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAliens_Act_1866s._9-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Foreign women who married British subjects were considered to have automatically naturalised under the new regulations.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMercer201824–25_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMercer201824–25-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> New Zealand was the first self-governing nation to grant the <a href="/wiki/Women%27s_suffrage_in_New_Zealand" title="Women's suffrage in New Zealand">right to vote to women</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERay1918471_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERay1918471-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> British subject women participated in their first <a href="/wiki/1893_New_Zealand_general_election" title="1893 New Zealand general election">elections in 1893</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMercer201829_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMercer201829-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Māori_conflicts_and_integration"><span id="M.C4.81ori_conflicts_and_integration"></span>Māori conflicts and integration</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Zealand_nationality_law&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Māori conflicts and integration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Wars" title="New Zealand Wars">New Zealand Wars</a></div> <p>Rising tensions over land sale disputes and settler incursions into Māori land led to a series of armed conflicts and mass land confiscations in the 1860s, as well as legislative efforts to <a href="/wiki/Cultural_assimilation" title="Cultural assimilation">assimilate the Māori</a> into colonial legal systems.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBourassaStrong2002233–234_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBourassaStrong2002233–234-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ambiguous wording in the Treaty of Waitangi raised uncertainty as to whether they were actually granted subjecthood or merely the rights of that status; the Native Rights Act 1865 was enacted to affirm their British subject status<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcMillanHood20164_9-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcMillanHood20164-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and clarify the colonial judiciary's legal authority over them.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESeuffert2003194–195_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESeuffert2003194–195-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Voting_in_New_Zealand" class="mw-redirect" title="Voting in New Zealand">Franchise qualification</a> was dependent on an individual owning land, but Māori land was customarily held in <a href="/wiki/Communal_land" title="Communal land">communal title</a> rather than by <a href="/wiki/Freehold_(law)" title="Freehold (law)">freehold title</a> under a single person's ownership.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBourassaStrong2002233–235_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBourassaStrong2002233–235-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_electorates" title="Māori electorates">Māori electorates</a> in the General Assembly were created in 1867 as a temporary measure while Māori land was gradually converted into titles recognisable in colonial law, and this special representation was later made permanent in 1876.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJoseph20088–9_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJoseph20088–9-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Male subjects of partial Māori descent were assigned to an electorate based on their ancestry; those who were more than half-Māori were assigned to the Māori electoral roll, and those who had more non-Māori lineage were assigned to the general roll. Men who were exactly half-Māori could vote in either or both electorates.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFleras1985555_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFleras1985555-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Discriminatory_policies_against_Chinese_migrants">Discriminatory policies against Chinese migrants</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Zealand_nationality_law&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Discriminatory policies against Chinese migrants"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_head_tax" title="New Zealand head tax">New Zealand head tax</a></div> <p>Chinese immigration to New Zealand began in the 1860s during the <a href="/wiki/West_Coast_gold_rush" title="West Coast gold rush">West Coast gold rush</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFairburn200467_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFairburn200467-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Growing hostility and anti-Chinese sentiment along with the rise of colonial nationalism led to a concerted movement within the legislature to restrict Chinese immigration. At least 20 bills written to curb Chinese migration were introduced in the <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_House_of_Representatives" title="New Zealand House of Representatives">House of Representatives</a> from 1879 to 1920. The first of these to pass was the Chinese Immigrants Act 1881,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoloughneyStenhouse199947_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoloughneyStenhouse199947-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which limited the number of Chinese migrants who could land in New Zealand to one per ten tons of cargo and imposed a £10 <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_head_tax" title="New Zealand head tax">head tax</a> on every Chinese person who entered the colony. These restrictions were tightened to one migrant per 100 tons in 1888,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBeaglehole2009115_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeaglehole2009115-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> then to one per 200 tons in 1896.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilliams1980178–179_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilliams1980178–179-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Qing_dynasty" title="Qing dynasty">China</a>, <a href="/wiki/British_Hong_Kong" title="British Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a>, <a href="/wiki/British_Mauritius" title="British Mauritius">Mauritius</a>, and the islands of modern <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a> were declared to be "infected places" under the Public Health Act 1876; ships originating from or stopping in one of these territories, or those that allowed any person or cargo coming from or passing through those areas were subject to strict quarantine on their arrival in New Zealand.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELee1889223_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELee1889223-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The head tax was increased to £100 in 1896, and would not be abolished until 1944.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBeaglehole2009115_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeaglehole2009115-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Chinese residents were completely prohibited from naturalising as British subjects from 1908 to 1952.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFairburn200468_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFairburn200468-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Territorial_acquisitions">Territorial acquisitions</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Zealand_nationality_law&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Territorial acquisitions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Cook_Islands" title="Cook Islands">Cook Islands</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tokelau" title="Tokelau">Tokelau</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Niue" title="Niue">Niue</a> respectively became <a href="/wiki/British_protectorate" title="British protectorate">British protectorates</a> in 1888, 1889, and 1901. Island residents became British subjects at the time when the United Kingdom acquired these territories. The United Kingdom then ceded administrative control over the Cook Islands and Niue to New Zealand in 1901, and for Tokelau in 1925. The transfers of the islands did not alter the national status of these islanders, and they continued to be British subjects under New Zealand administration.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcMillanHood201611–12_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcMillanHood201611–12-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Western_Samoa_Trust_Territory" class="mw-redirect" title="Western Samoa Trust Territory">Western Samoa</a> was a <a href="/wiki/German_Samoa" title="German Samoa">German territory</a> from 1900 until the <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">First World War</a>. After the war, it became a <a href="/wiki/League_of_Nations_mandate" title="League of Nations mandate">League of Nations mandate</a> under New Zealand control.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcMillanHood201612_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcMillanHood201612-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following the recommendation of the <a href="/wiki/Permanent_Mandates_Commission" title="Permanent Mandates Commission">Permanent Mandates Commission</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEQuentin-Baxter1987363_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEQuentin-Baxter1987363-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Western Samoans did not automatically become British subjects when New Zealand assumed mandatory authority in 1920 but were treated as <a href="/wiki/British_protected_person" title="British protected person">British protected persons</a> instead.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMercer201831_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMercer201831-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although Parliament amended nationality law in 1923 and 1928 to allow facilitated naturalisation to Western Samoans wanting to become British subjects,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcMillanHood201612_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcMillanHood201612-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> virtually none had taken this option. Only 50 Samoans naturalised between 1928 and 1948, while 82 individuals of European descent had completed the process in the territory during the same timeframe.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETagupa199434_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETagupa199434-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> All other Samoans who chose not to naturalise had an unclear status that was unresolved until after Western Samoan independence.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcMillanHood201612_34-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcMillanHood201612-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Imperial_common_code">Imperial common code</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Zealand_nationality_law&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Imperial common code"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Imperial Parliament brought regulations for British subject status into codified statute law for the first time with passage of the <a href="/wiki/British_Nationality_and_Status_of_Aliens_Act_1914" class="mw-redirect" title="British Nationality and Status of Aliens Act 1914">British Nationality and Status of Aliens Act 1914</a> (<a href="/wiki/4_%26_5_Geo._5" class="mw-redirect" title="4 & 5 Geo. 5">4 & 5 Geo. 5</a>. c. 17). British subject status was standardised as a common nationality across the Empire. <a href="/wiki/Dominion" title="Dominion">Dominions</a> that adopted this Act as part of local legislation were authorised to grant subject status to aliens by imperial naturalisation.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBaldwin2001527–528_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBaldwin2001527–528-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHistorical_background_information_on_nationality10_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHistorical_background_information_on_nationality10-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> New Zealand adopted most of this law (Parts I and III) in 1923, except for its provisions on imperial naturalisation (Part II), which it later enacted in 1928.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBaldwin2001526,_528–529_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBaldwin2001526,_528–529-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The 1914 regulations codified the doctrine of <a href="/wiki/Coverture" title="Coverture">coverture</a> into imperial nationality law, where a woman's consent to marry a foreigner was also assumed to be intent to <a href="/wiki/Denaturalization" title="Denaturalization">denaturalise</a>; British women who married foreign men automatically lost their British nationality. There were two exceptions to this: a wife married to a husband who lost his British subject status was able to retain British nationality by declaration, and a British-born widow or divorcée who had lost her British nationality through marriage could reacquire that status without meeting residence requirements after the dissolution or termination of her marriage.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBaldwin2001526,_528–529_40-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBaldwin2001526,_528–529-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A woman who married a foreigner could regain her British nationality if her husband naturalised as a British subject; she would then be automatically granted her husband's new nationality. New Zealand women who married Chinese men were severely affected by the coverture regulations, due to the naturalisation prohibition on all Chinese during this period. Any woman in such a marriage would have had no path to British nationality until her husband's death or divorce.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMercer201834–35_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMercer201834–35-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By the end of the First World War, the Dominions had exercised increasing levels of autonomy in managing their own affairs and each by then had developed a distinct national identity. Britain formally recognised this at the <a href="/wiki/1926_Imperial_Conference" title="1926 Imperial Conference">1926 Imperial Conference</a>, jointly issuing the <a href="/wiki/Balfour_Declaration_of_1926" title="Balfour Declaration of 1926">Balfour Declaration</a> with all the Dominion heads of government, which stated that the United Kingdom and Dominions were autonomous and equal to each other within the <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Nations" title="Commonwealth of Nations">British Commonwealth of Nations</a>. Full legislative independence was granted to the Dominions with passage of the <a href="/wiki/Statute_of_Westminster_1931" title="Statute of Westminster 1931">Statute of Westminster 1931</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKaratani200386–88_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKaratani200386–88-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Women's rights groups throughout the Empire pressured the imperial government during this time to amend nationality regulations that tied a married woman's status to that of her husband.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBaldwin2001522_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBaldwin2001522-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Because the British government could no longer enforce legislative supremacy over the Dominions after 1931 and wanted to maintain a strong constitutional link to them through the common nationality code, it was unwilling to make major changes without unanimous agreement among the Dominions on this issue, which it did not have.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBaldwin2001546–549_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBaldwin2001546–549-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Imperial legal uniformity was nevertheless eroded during the 1930s; New Zealand and Australia amended their laws in 1935 and 1936 to allow women denaturalised by marriage to retain their rights as British subjects, and Ireland changed its regulations in 1935 to cause no change to a woman's nationality after her marriage.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBaldwin2001552_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBaldwin2001552-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Changing_relationship_with_Britain">Changing relationship with Britain</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Zealand_nationality_law&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Changing relationship with Britain"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/British_Nationality_and_New_Zealand_Citizenship_Act_1948" title="British Nationality and New Zealand Citizenship Act 1948">British Nationality and New Zealand Citizenship Act 1948</a> and <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_citizen" title="Commonwealth citizen">Commonwealth citizen</a></div> <p>Diverging developments in Dominion nationality laws, as well as growing assertions of local national identity separate from that of Britain and the Empire, culminated with the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Citizenship_Act,_1946" title="Canadian Citizenship Act, 1946">creation of Canadian citizenship in 1946</a>, unilaterally breaking the system of a common imperial nationality. Combined with the approaching independence of <a href="/wiki/Dominion_of_India" title="Dominion of India">India</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dominion_of_Pakistan" title="Dominion of Pakistan">Pakistan</a> in 1947, comprehensive nationality law reform was necessary at this point to address ideas that were incompatible with the previous system.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKaratani2003114–115,_122–126_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKaratani2003114–115,_122–126-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Dominion governments agreed on the principle of equal standing for women in a reformed nationality system at the <a href="/wiki/1946_Commonwealth_Prime_Ministers%27_Conference" title="1946 Commonwealth Prime Ministers' Conference">1946 Commonwealth Prime Ministers' Conference</a> and New Zealand amended its law to grant equal nationality rights in that same year.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBaldwin2001553–554_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBaldwin2001553–554-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>New Zealand enacted the <a href="/wiki/British_Nationality_and_New_Zealand_Citizenship_Act_1948" title="British Nationality and New Zealand Citizenship Act 1948">British Nationality and New Zealand Citizenship Act 1948</a> to create its own citizenship, which came into force at the same time as the <a href="/wiki/British_Nationality_Act_1948" title="British Nationality Act 1948">British Nationality Act 1948</a> throughout the Empire.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcMillanHood20166_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcMillanHood20166-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWade194869_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWade194869-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> All British subjects who were born, naturalised, or resident for at least 12 months in New Zealand automatically acquired New Zealand citizenship on 1 January 1949. British subjects born to a father who himself was born or naturalised in New Zealand and British subject women who were married to someone qualifying as a New Zealand citizen also automatically acquired citizenship on that date.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcMillanHood20166_48-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcMillanHood20166-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cook Islanders, Niueans, Tokelauans, and British subjects born in Western Samoa became New Zealand citizens automatically as well.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcMillanHood201611–12_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcMillanHood201611–12-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The 1948 Act redefined the term British subject as any citizen of New Zealand or another Commonwealth country. <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_citizen" title="Commonwealth citizen">Commonwealth citizen</a> is defined in this Act to have the same meaning.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWade194870_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWade194870-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> British subject/Commonwealth citizen status co-existed with the citizenships of each Commonwealth country.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThwaites20172_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThwaites20172-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWade194873_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWade194873-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Irish citizens were treated as if they were British subjects, despite <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a>'s exit from the Commonwealth in 1949.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMansergh1952278_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMansergh1952278-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> All Commonwealth and Irish citizens were eligible to become New Zealand citizens by registration, rather than naturalisation, after residing in New Zealand for at least three years.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPerham2011231_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPerham2011231-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Commonwealth and Irish women who were married to New Zealand citizens were eligible to acquire citizenship by registration with no further requirements.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBritish_Nationality_and_New_Zealand_Citizenship_Act_1948s._8(2)_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBritish_Nationality_and_New_Zealand_Citizenship_Act_1948s._8(2)-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Foreign wives and minor children of male New Zealand citizens were allowed to register as citizens<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcMillanHood20166_48-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcMillanHood20166-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> at the discretion of the <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Internal_Affairs_(New_Zealand)" title="Minister of Internal Affairs (New Zealand)">Minister of Internal Affairs</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWade194872_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWade194872-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> All other foreign nationals could acquire citizenship by naturalisation after at least five years of residence.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDawkins1978205_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDawkins1978205-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>All British subjects under the reformed system initially held an automatic right to settle in the United Kingdom and Ireland.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcKay2008_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcKay2008-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERyan2001862_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERyan2001862-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Non-white immigration into the UK was systemically discouraged, but strong economic conditions in Britain following the Second World War attracted an unprecedented wave of colonial migration.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHansen199990,_94–95_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHansen199990,_94–95-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In response, the British Parliament imposed immigration controls on any subjects originating from outside the UK and Ireland with the <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_Immigrants_Act_1962" title="Commonwealth Immigrants Act 1962">Commonwealth Immigrants Act 1962</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans1972508–509_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans1972508–509-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ireland had continued to allow all British subjects free movement despite independence in 1922 as part of the <a href="/wiki/Common_Travel_Area" title="Common Travel Area">Common Travel Area</a> arrangement, but moved to mirror Britain's restriction in 1962 by limiting this ability only to people born on the islands of <a href="/wiki/Great_Britain" title="Great Britain">Great Britain</a> or Ireland.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELloyd1998515–516_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELloyd1998515–516-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERyan2001862_59-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERyan2001862-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Britain somewhat relaxed these measures in 1971 for patrials, subjects whose parents or grandparents were born in the United Kingdom,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans1972508–509_61-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans1972508–509-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which gave effective preferential treatment to white Commonwealth citizens.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPaul1997181_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPaul1997181-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As a sign of New Zealand's changing relationship with Britain, <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_passport" title="New Zealand passport">New Zealand passports</a> were no longer labelled with the phrase "British passport" beginning in 1964<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and stopped listing national status as "British subject and New Zealand citizen" in 1974.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMelewarAlwi201570_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMelewarAlwi201570-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Voting rights were extended to all individuals permanently resident in the country for at least one year in 1975. Prior to that year, British subject status was required to participate in elections.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcMillan20153_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcMillan20153-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Political candidates of partial Māori or non-Māori backgrounds were permitted to stand for election in Māori electorates beginning in 1967<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFleras1985555_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFleras1985555-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and all Māori voters, irrespective of the degree of their ancestry, could participate in either Māori or general electorates from 1975.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFleras1985563_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFleras1985563-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Transition_to_national_citizenship">Transition to national citizenship</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Zealand_nationality_law&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Transition to national citizenship"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Independence_of_New_Zealand" title="Independence of New Zealand">Independence of New Zealand</a></div> <p>By the 1970s and 1980s, most colonies of the British Empire had become independent and remaining ties to the United Kingdom had been significantly weakened.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPaul1997182–183_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPaul1997182–183-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> New Zealand made further reforms to its nationality law in 1977 that abolished the preferences that were afforded to citizens from other Commonwealth countries and allowed citizenship to be transferrable by descent to children through mothers as well as fathers. Foreign nationals becoming New Zealand citizens are no longer naturalised, but receive "citizenship by grant".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcMillanHood20167_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcMillanHood20167-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Commonwealth and Irish citizens remain technically defined in New Zealand law as non-foreign, but there are no benefits provided to either group.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECitizenship_Act_1977s._2(1)_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECitizenship_Act_1977s._2(1)-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The UK itself updated its nationality law to reflect the more modest boundaries of its remaining territory and possessions with the <a href="/wiki/British_Nationality_Act_1981" title="British Nationality Act 1981">British Nationality Act 1981</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPaul1997182–183_68-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPaul1997182–183-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which redefined British subject to no longer also mean Commonwealth citizen. New Zealand citizens continue to be Commonwealth citizens<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBloom2011640_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBloom2011640-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and are still eligible to vote and stand for public office in the UK.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBloom2011654_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBloom2011654-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Applicants who successfully apply for citizenship are required to take an <a href="/wiki/Oath_of_Allegiance_(New_Zealand)" title="Oath of Allegiance (New Zealand)">oath or affirmation of citizenship</a> pledging their loyalty to the <a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_New_Zealand" title="Monarchy of New Zealand">New Zealand monarch</a>, who is the same person as the <a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Monarchy of the United Kingdom">British sovereign</a>. Although there have been formal reviews of the oath and attempts to change it to mention allegiance to the country or people of New Zealand instead of (or in addition to) the monarch,<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the oath remains unchanged.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following a general trend in other common law jurisdictions, New Zealand ended unrestricted birthright citizenship in 2005.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESawyer2013653–654_76-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESawyer2013653–654-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Children born in New Zealand beginning in 2006 are only granted citizenship by birth if at least one parent is a citizen or otherwise have permission to remain in New Zealand indefinitely.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcMillanHood201614_77-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcMillanHood201614-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Nationality_arrangements_for_former_territories">Nationality arrangements for former territories</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Zealand_nationality_law&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Nationality arrangements for former territories"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Western Samoa became independent in 1962. Legislation in the 1920s had allowed Samoans to become British subjects if they chose to but left the status of those who had not completed the formal naturalisation process unclear. Subsequent New Zealand legislation after Samoan independence caused a significant number of Samoans already living in New Zealand to become <a href="/wiki/Illegal_immigration" title="Illegal immigration">illegal immigrants</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcMillanHood201612_34-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcMillanHood201612-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1982, the <a href="/wiki/Judicial_Committee_of_the_Privy_Council" title="Judicial Committee of the Privy Council">Judicial Committee of the Privy Council</a> ruled that all Western Samoans born between 1928 and 1948 were British subjects and automatically became New Zealand citizens in 1949. This decision would have granted New Zealand citizenship for an estimated 100,000 Samoans, out of a total population of 160,000 at the time.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEQuentin-Baxter1987364–365_78-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEQuentin-Baxter1987364–365-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Faced with the prospect of a potential <a href="/wiki/Brain_drain" class="mw-redirect" title="Brain drain">brain drain</a> if large numbers of its people exercised their newfound dual citizenship rights, Western Samoa signed the Protocol to the Treaty of Friendship with New Zealand on 21 August 1982. This treaty, and the subsequent Citizenship (Western Samoa) Act 1982, effectively nullified the Privy Council ruling.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEQuentin-Baxter1987365–366_79-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEQuentin-Baxter1987365–366-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This Act affirmed citizenship for Samoans who were already present in New Zealand before 15 September 1982, but required that those who enter the country after that date must first become permanent residents before acquiring citizenship.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETagupa199430–31,_33_80-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETagupa199430–31,_33-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Cook Islands became a self-governing state in <a href="/wiki/Associated_state" title="Associated state">free association</a> with New Zealand in 1965, and Niue gained independence under largely the same terms in 1974. New Zealand retained responsibility for defence and foreign affairs for the two nations and residents of both states remain New Zealand citizens.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcMillanHood201611–12_33-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcMillanHood201611–12-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Acquisition_and_loss_of_citizenship">Acquisition and loss of citizenship</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Zealand_nationality_law&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Acquisition and loss of citizenship"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Entitlement_by_birth,_descent,_or_adoption"><span id="Entitlement_by_birth.2C_descent.2C_or_adoption"></span>Entitlement by birth, descent, or adoption</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Zealand_nationality_law&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Entitlement by birth, descent, or adoption"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Nationality regulations apply to the entire <a href="/wiki/Realm_of_New_Zealand" title="Realm of New Zealand">Realm of New Zealand</a>, which includes New Zealand itself, the Cook Islands, Niue, Tokelau, and the Ross Dependency.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcMillanHood20163_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcMillanHood20163-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> New Zealand airspace, its internal and territorial waters, and New Zealand-registered ships and aircraft are treated as part of the Realm for nationality purposes.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDawkins1978202_81-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDawkins1978202-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>All persons born within the Realm before 2006 automatically received citizenship at birth regardless of the nationalities of their parents.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESawyer2013653–654_76-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESawyer2013653–654-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Individuals born in the Realm from that year on receive New Zealand citizenship at birth if at least one parent is a New Zealand citizen or otherwise entitled to be in New Zealand indefinitely.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcMillanHood20169_82-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcMillanHood20169-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Children born overseas are New Zealand citizens by descent if either parent is a citizen otherwise than by descent.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcMillanHood20168_83-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcMillanHood20168-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Adopted children are treated as if they were naturally born to the adopting parents at the time of adoption.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcMillanHood201615_84-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcMillanHood201615-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Voluntary_acquisition">Voluntary acquisition</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Zealand_nationality_law&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Voluntary acquisition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Citizenship_Ceremony,_Wellington.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Citizenship_Ceremony%2C_Wellington.jpg/220px-Citizenship_Ceremony%2C_Wellington.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Citizenship_Ceremony%2C_Wellington.jpg/330px-Citizenship_Ceremony%2C_Wellington.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Citizenship_Ceremony%2C_Wellington.jpg/440px-Citizenship_Ceremony%2C_Wellington.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>MP <a href="/wiki/Charles_Chauvel_(politician)" title="Charles Chauvel (politician)">Charles Chauvel</a> at a citizenship ceremony in <a href="/wiki/Wellington" title="Wellington">Wellington</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Foreigners over the age of 16 may become New Zealand citizens by grant after residing in the Realm for more than five years while possessing indefinite permission to remain.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcMillanHood201614_77-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcMillanHood201614-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This usually means holding <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_permanent_residency" title="New Zealand permanent residency">New Zealand permanent residency</a>, but <a href="/wiki/Australian_nationality_law" title="Australian nationality law">Australian citizens</a> and <a href="/wiki/Australian_permanent_resident" title="Australian permanent resident">permanent residents</a> also have an indefinite permission to remain.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Permanent residents of the Cook Islands, Niue, and Tokelau meet this requirement as well.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPerham2011232–233_86-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPerham2011232–233-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Applicants must demonstrate proficiency in the <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English language</a> and be physically present in the country for at least 1,350 days during that five-year period and at least 240 days in each of those five years.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcMillanHood201614_77-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcMillanHood201614-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Under exceptional circumstances, the physical presence requirement may be reduced to 450 days in a 20-month period.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcMillanHood201618_87-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcMillanHood201618-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Candidates who are overseas on <a href="/wiki/Crown_servant" title="Crown servant">Crown service</a> or accompanying New Zealand citizen spouses overseas on Crown service are treated as if they are present in New Zealand during that period of service.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECitizenship_Act_1977s._8(5)_88-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECitizenship_Act_1977s._8(5)-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Successful applicants aged 14 and older<sup id="cite_ref-CitizenshipCeremonies_89-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CitizenshipCeremonies-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> are required to take an <a href="/wiki/Oath_of_Citizenship_(New_Zealand)" title="Oath of Citizenship (New Zealand)">oath or affirmation of citizenship</a> in which they pledge loyalty to the New Zealand monarch;<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDawkins1978209_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDawkins1978209-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> these are usually administered by <a href="/wiki/Territorial_authorities_of_New_Zealand" title="Territorial authorities of New Zealand">local councils</a> at citizenship ceremonies that take place three to five months after approval.<sup id="cite_ref-CitizenshipCeremonies_89-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CitizenshipCeremonies-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There is no effective differentiation or hierarchy between the different types of citizenship that can be obtained in New Zealand. The only major disadvantage applies to citizens by descent, who cannot pass citizenship to their children born abroad.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcMillanHood201615_84-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcMillanHood201615-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These individuals may apply to become citizens by grant after fulfilling the five-year residence and physical presence requirement. Otherwise, they may apply for their children born overseas to receive citizenship by grant, at the discretion of the Minister of Internal Affairs.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDawkins1978204–205_90-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDawkins1978204–205-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An average of 28,000 people per year were granted citizenship through the 2010s.<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of the <a href="/wiki/2018_New_Zealand_census" title="2018 New Zealand census">2018 census</a>, about 1.27 million New Zealand citizens usually resident in the country were born overseas.<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Samoan_nationality_law" title="Samoan nationality law">Samoan citizens</a> who enter New Zealand after 14 September 1982 and have indefinite permission to remain in the country are entitled to become New Zealand citizens by grant without a minimum residence requirement. Samoans who were already living in New Zealand on that date automatically became New Zealand citizens by grant.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEQuentin-Baxter1987366_93-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEQuentin-Baxter1987366-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Children born in Samoa to Tokelauan mothers seeking medical attention there are treated as if they are born in Tokelau and are New Zealand citizens at birth.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESawyer2013672_94-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESawyer2013672-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Relinquishment_and_deprivation">Relinquishment and deprivation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Zealand_nationality_law&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Relinquishment and deprivation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>New Zealand citizenship can be relinquished by making a declaration of renunciation, provided that the declarant already possesses another nationality. Renunciation may be denied if the applicant currently lives in New Zealand or the country is at war with another country. Citizenship may be involuntarily deprived from individuals who fraudulently acquired it, or from those who possess another nationality and willfully acted against the <a href="/wiki/National_interest" title="National interest">national interest</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcMillanHood201616–17_95-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcMillanHood201616–17-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Zealand_nationality_law&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Visa_policy_of_New_Zealand" title="Visa policy of New Zealand">Visa policy of New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visa_requirements_for_New_Zealand_citizens" title="Visa requirements for New Zealand citizens">Visa requirements for New Zealand citizens</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Zealand_nationality_law&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Zealand_nationality_law&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECitizenship_Act_1977-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECitizenship_Act_1977_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECitizenship_Act_1977_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCitizenship_Act_1977">Citizenship Act 1977</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECitizenship_Act_1977s._1(2)-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECitizenship_Act_1977s._1(2)_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCitizenship_Act_1977">Citizenship Act 1977</a>, s. 1(2).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uc1.b2940161">"Citizens and Aliens Bill"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_Debates_(Hansard)" title="Parliamentary Debates (Hansard)">Parliamentary Debates (Hansard)</a></i>. Vol. 410. <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Parliament" title="New Zealand Parliament">New Zealand Parliament</a>. 16 June 1977. p. 553<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 August</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Citizens+and+Aliens+Bill&rft.btitle=Parliamentary+Debates+%28Hansard%29&rft.pages=553&rft.pub=New+Zealand+Parliament&rft.date=1977-06-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbabel.hathitrust.org%2Fcgi%2Fpt%3Fid%3Duc1.b2940161&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Zealand+nationality+law" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFransman20114-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFransman20114_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFransman2011">Fransman 2011</a>, p. 4.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilson1966-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilson1966_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWilson1966">Wilson 1966</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKondo20012–3-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKondo20012–3_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKondo2001">Kondo 2001</a>, pp. 2–3.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESpoonley2001163-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpoonley2001163_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSpoonley2001">Spoonley 2001</a>, p. 163.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcMillanHood20163-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcMillanHood20163_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcMillanHood20163_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMcMillanHood2016">McMillan & Hood 2016</a>, p. 3.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcMillanHood20164-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcMillanHood20164_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcMillanHood20164_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcMillanHood20164_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcMillanHood20164_9-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMcMillanHood2016">McMillan & Hood 2016</a>, p. 4.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKaratani200341–42-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKaratani200341–42_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKaratani2003">Karatani 2003</a>, pp. 41–42.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGosewinkel200813-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGosewinkel200813_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGosewinkel2008">Gosewinkel 2008</a>, p. 13.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKaratani200341-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKaratani200341_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKaratani2003">Karatani 2003</a>, p. 41.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKaratani200355–56-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKaratani200355–56_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKaratani2003">Karatani 2003</a>, pp. 55–56.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHistorical_background_information_on_nationality8-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHistorical_background_information_on_nationality8_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHistorical_background_information_on_nationality">Historical background information on nationality</a>, p. 8.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKaratani200356-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKaratani200356_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKaratani2003">Karatani 2003</a>, p. 56.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMercer201826-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMercer201826_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMercer2018">Mercer 2018</a>, p. 26.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDawkins1978209-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDawkins1978209_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDawkins1978209_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDawkins1978">Dawkins 1978</a>, p. 209.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAliens_Act_1866s._9-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAliens_Act_1866s._9_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAliens_Act_1866">Aliens Act 1866</a>, s. 9.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMercer201824–25-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMercer201824–25_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMercer2018">Mercer 2018</a>, pp. 24–25.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERay1918471-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERay1918471_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRay1918">Ray 1918</a>, p. 471.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMercer201829-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMercer201829_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMercer2018">Mercer 2018</a>, p. 29.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBourassaStrong2002233–234-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBourassaStrong2002233–234_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBourassaStrong2002">Bourassa & Strong 2002</a>, pp. 233–234.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESeuffert2003194–195-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESeuffert2003194–195_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSeuffert2003">Seuffert 2003</a>, pp. 194–195.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBourassaStrong2002233–235-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBourassaStrong2002233–235_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBourassaStrong2002">Bourassa & Strong 2002</a>, pp. 233–235.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJoseph20088–9-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJoseph20088–9_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJoseph2008">Joseph 2008</a>, pp. 8–9.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFleras1985555-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFleras1985555_26-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFleras1985555_26-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFleras1985">Fleras 1985</a>, p. 555.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFairburn200467-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFairburn200467_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFairburn2004">Fairburn 2004</a>, p. 67.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoloughneyStenhouse199947-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoloughneyStenhouse199947_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMoloughneyStenhouse1999">Moloughney & Stenhouse 1999</a>, p. 47.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeaglehole2009115-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBeaglehole2009115_29-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBeaglehole2009115_29-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBeaglehole2009">Beaglehole 2009</a>, p. 115.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilliams1980178–179-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilliams1980178–179_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWilliams1980">Williams 1980</a>, pp. 178–179.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELee1889223-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELee1889223_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLee1889">Lee 1889</a>, p. 223.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFairburn200468-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFairburn200468_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFairburn2004">Fairburn 2004</a>, p. 68.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcMillanHood201611–12-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcMillanHood201611–12_33-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcMillanHood201611–12_33-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcMillanHood201611–12_33-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMcMillanHood2016">McMillan & Hood 2016</a>, pp. 11–12.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcMillanHood201612-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcMillanHood201612_34-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcMillanHood201612_34-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcMillanHood201612_34-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcMillanHood201612_34-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMcMillanHood2016">McMillan & Hood 2016</a>, p. 12.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEQuentin-Baxter1987363-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEQuentin-Baxter1987363_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFQuentin-Baxter1987">Quentin-Baxter 1987</a>, p. 363.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMercer201831-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMercer201831_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMercer2018">Mercer 2018</a>, p. 31.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETagupa199434-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETagupa199434_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTagupa1994">Tagupa 1994</a>, p. 34.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBaldwin2001527–528-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBaldwin2001527–528_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBaldwin2001">Baldwin 2001</a>, pp. 527–528.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHistorical_background_information_on_nationality10-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHistorical_background_information_on_nationality10_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHistorical_background_information_on_nationality">Historical background information on nationality</a>, p. 10.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBaldwin2001526,_528–529-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBaldwin2001526,_528–529_40-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBaldwin2001526,_528–529_40-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBaldwin2001">Baldwin 2001</a>, pp. 526, 528–529.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMercer201834–35-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMercer201834–35_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMercer2018">Mercer 2018</a>, pp. 34–35.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKaratani200386–88-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKaratani200386–88_42-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKaratani2003">Karatani 2003</a>, pp. 86–88.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBaldwin2001522-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBaldwin2001522_43-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBaldwin2001">Baldwin 2001</a>, p. 522.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBaldwin2001546–549-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBaldwin2001546–549_44-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBaldwin2001">Baldwin 2001</a>, pp. 546–549.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBaldwin2001552-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBaldwin2001552_45-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBaldwin2001">Baldwin 2001</a>, p. 552.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKaratani2003114–115,_122–126-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKaratani2003114–115,_122–126_46-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKaratani2003">Karatani 2003</a>, pp. 114–115, 122–126.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBaldwin2001553–554-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBaldwin2001553–554_47-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBaldwin2001">Baldwin 2001</a>, pp. 553–554.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcMillanHood20166-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcMillanHood20166_48-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcMillanHood20166_48-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcMillanHood20166_48-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMcMillanHood2016">McMillan & Hood 2016</a>, p. 6.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWade194869-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWade194869_49-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWade1948">Wade 1948</a>, p. 69.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWade194870-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWade194870_50-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWade1948">Wade 1948</a>, p. 70.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThwaites20172-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThwaites20172_51-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFThwaites2017">Thwaites 2017</a>, p. 2.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWade194873-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWade194873_52-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWade1948">Wade 1948</a>, p. 73.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMansergh1952278-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMansergh1952278_53-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMansergh1952">Mansergh 1952</a>, p. 278.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPerham2011231-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPerham2011231_54-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPerham2011">Perham 2011</a>, p. 231.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBritish_Nationality_and_New_Zealand_Citizenship_Act_1948s._8(2)-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBritish_Nationality_and_New_Zealand_Citizenship_Act_1948s._8(2)_55-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBritish_Nationality_and_New_Zealand_Citizenship_Act_1948">British Nationality and New Zealand Citizenship Act 1948</a>, s. 8(2).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWade194872-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWade194872_56-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWade1948">Wade 1948</a>, p. 72.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDawkins1978205-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDawkins1978205_57-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDawkins1978">Dawkins 1978</a>, p. 205.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcKay2008-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcKay2008_58-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMcKay2008">McKay 2008</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERyan2001862-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERyan2001862_59-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERyan2001862_59-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRyan2001">Ryan 2001</a>, p. 862.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHansen199990,_94–95-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHansen199990,_94–95_60-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHansen1999">Hansen 1999</a>, pp. 90, 94–95.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans1972508–509-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans1972508–509_61-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans1972508–509_61-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEvans1972">Evans 1972</a>, pp. 508–509.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELloyd1998515–516-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELloyd1998515–516_62-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLloyd1998">Lloyd 1998</a>, pp. 515–516.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPaul1997181-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPaul1997181_63-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPaul1997">Paul 1997</a>, p. 181.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1964/03/03/archives/passport-revised-by-new-zealand-the-word-british-will-be-dropped.html">"Passport Revised by New Zealand; The Word 'British' Will Be Dropped From Cover"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. 3 March 1964. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210803010037/https://www.nytimes.com/1964/03/03/archives/passport-revised-by-new-zealand-the-word-british-will-be-dropped.html">Archived</a> from the original on 3 August 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 June</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Passport+Revised+by+New+Zealand%3B+The+Word+%27British%27+Will+Be+Dropped+From+Cover&rft.date=1964-03-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1964%2F03%2F03%2Farchives%2Fpassport-revised-by-new-zealand-the-word-british-will-be-dropped.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Zealand+nationality+law" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMelewarAlwi201570-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMelewarAlwi201570_65-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMelewarAlwi2015">Melewar & Alwi 2015</a>, p. 70.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcMillan20153-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcMillan20153_66-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMcMillan2015">McMillan 2015</a>, p. 3.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFleras1985563-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFleras1985563_67-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFleras1985">Fleras 1985</a>, p. 563.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPaul1997182–183-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPaul1997182–183_68-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPaul1997182–183_68-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPaul1997">Paul 1997</a>, pp. 182–183.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcMillanHood20167-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcMillanHood20167_69-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMcMillanHood2016">McMillan & Hood 2016</a>, p. 7.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECitizenship_Act_1977s._2(1)-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECitizenship_Act_1977s._2(1)_70-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCitizenship_Act_1977">Citizenship Act 1977</a>, s. 2(1).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBloom2011640-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBloom2011640_71-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBloom2011">Bloom 2011</a>, p. 640.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBloom2011654-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBloom2011654_72-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBloom2011">Bloom 2011</a>, p. 654.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.abc.net.au/news/2004-05-24/nz-to-review-swearing-allegiance-to-queen/1980572">"NZ to review swearing allegiance to Queen"</a>. <a href="/wiki/ABC_News_(Australia)" title="ABC News (Australia)">ABC News</a>. <a href="/wiki/Agence_France-Presse" title="Agence France-Presse">Agence France-Presse</a>. 23 May 2004. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161027202222/http://www.abc.net.au/news/2004-05-24/nz-to-review-swearing-allegiance-to-queen/1980572">Archived</a> from the original on 27 October 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 August</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=NZ+to+review+swearing+allegiance+to+Queen&rft.date=2004-05-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.abc.net.au%2Fnews%2F2004-05-24%2Fnz-to-review-swearing-allegiance-to-queen%2F1980572&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Zealand+nationality+law" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/shearer-joins-movement-to-change-oath-to-queen/ECAZ6SMDDQ756WC6MLS7334YL4/">"Shearer joins movement to change oath to Queen"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_Zealand_Herald" title="The New Zealand Herald">The New Zealand Herald</a></i>. 20 December 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201124022817/http://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/shearer-joins-movement-to-change-oath-to-queen/ECAZ6SMDDQ756WC6MLS7334YL4/">Archived</a> from the original on 24 November 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 August</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+Zealand+Herald&rft.atitle=Shearer+joins+movement+to+change+oath+to+Queen&rft.date=2011-12-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nzherald.co.nz%2Fnz%2Fshearer-joins-movement-to-change-oath-to-queen%2FECAZ6SMDDQ756WC6MLS7334YL4%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Zealand+nationality+law" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcGuinness2013" class="citation web cs1">McGuinness, Wendy (July 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mcguinnessinstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/20130814-CAP-Submission.pdf">"Ensuring New Zealand's Constitution is Fit for Purpose"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/McGuinness_Institute" title="McGuinness Institute">McGuinness Institute</a>. pp. 24–25. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210916083453/https://www.mcguinnessinstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/20130814-CAP-Submission.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 16 September 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 September</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ensuring+New+Zealand%27s+Constitution+is+Fit+for+Purpose&rft.pages=24-25&rft.pub=McGuinness+Institute&rft.date=2013-07&rft.aulast=McGuinness&rft.aufirst=Wendy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mcguinnessinstitute.org%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2016%2F08%2F20130814-CAP-Submission.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Zealand+nationality+law" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESawyer2013653–654-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESawyer2013653–654_76-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESawyer2013653–654_76-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSawyer2013">Sawyer 2013</a>, pp. 653–654.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcMillanHood201614-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcMillanHood201614_77-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcMillanHood201614_77-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcMillanHood201614_77-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMcMillanHood2016">McMillan & Hood 2016</a>, p. 14.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEQuentin-Baxter1987364–365-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEQuentin-Baxter1987364–365_78-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFQuentin-Baxter1987">Quentin-Baxter 1987</a>, pp. 364–365.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEQuentin-Baxter1987365–366-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEQuentin-Baxter1987365–366_79-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFQuentin-Baxter1987">Quentin-Baxter 1987</a>, pp. 365–366.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETagupa199430–31,_33-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETagupa199430–31,_33_80-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTagupa1994">Tagupa 1994</a>, pp. 30–31, 33.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDawkins1978202-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDawkins1978202_81-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDawkins1978">Dawkins 1978</a>, p. 202.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcMillanHood20169-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcMillanHood20169_82-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMcMillanHood2016">McMillan & Hood 2016</a>, p. 9.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcMillanHood20168-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcMillanHood20168_83-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMcMillanHood2016">McMillan & Hood 2016</a>, p. 8.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcMillanHood201615-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcMillanHood201615_84-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcMillanHood201615_84-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMcMillanHood2016">McMillan & Hood 2016</a>, p. 15.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://oag.parliament.nz/2013/citizenship/part3.htm">"Part 3: Citizenship and permanent residency"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Controller_and_Auditor-General_of_New_Zealand" title="Controller and Auditor-General of New Zealand">Controller and Auditor-General</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210104104445/https://oag.parliament.nz/2013/citizenship/part3.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 4 January 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 December</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Part+3%3A+Citizenship+and+permanent+residency&rft.pub=Controller+and+Auditor-General&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Foag.parliament.nz%2F2013%2Fcitizenship%2Fpart3.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Zealand+nationality+law" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPerham2011232–233-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPerham2011232–233_86-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPerham2011">Perham 2011</a>, pp. 232–233.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcMillanHood201618-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcMillanHood201618_87-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMcMillanHood2016">McMillan & Hood 2016</a>, p. 18.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECitizenship_Act_1977s._8(5)-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECitizenship_Act_1977s._8(5)_88-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCitizenship_Act_1977">Citizenship Act 1977</a>, s. 8(5).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CitizenshipCeremonies-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CitizenshipCeremonies_89-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CitizenshipCeremonies_89-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.govt.nz/browse/passports-citizenship-and-identity/nz-citizenship/how-to-apply-for-nz-citizenship/citizenship-ceremonies/">"Citizenship ceremonies"</a>. <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Government" title="New Zealand Government">New Zealand Government</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210301070807/https://www.govt.nz/browse/passports-citizenship-and-identity/nz-citizenship/how-to-apply-for-nz-citizenship/citizenship-ceremonies/">Archived</a> from the original on 1 March 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 August</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Citizenship+ceremonies&rft.pub=New+Zealand+Government&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.govt.nz%2Fbrowse%2Fpassports-citizenship-and-identity%2Fnz-citizenship%2Fhow-to-apply-for-nz-citizenship%2Fcitizenship-ceremonies%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Zealand+nationality+law" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDawkins1978204–205-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDawkins1978204–205_90-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDawkins1978">Dawkins 1978</a>, pp. 204–205.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.data.govt.nz/dataset/country-of-birth-for-people-granted-new-zealand-citizenship/resource/5a2d19fa-b73a-4275-b32b-1335beade1a7">"New citizens by grant by country of birth"</a>. <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Government" title="New Zealand Government">New Zealand Government</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180206123646/https://catalogue.data.govt.nz/dataset/country-of-birth-for-people-granted-new-zealand-citizenship/resource/5a2d19fa-b73a-4275-b32b-1335beade1a7">Archived</a> from the original on 6 February 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 January</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=New+citizens+by+grant+by+country+of+birth&rft.pub=New+Zealand+Government&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcatalogue.data.govt.nz%2Fdataset%2Fcountry-of-birth-for-people-granted-new-zealand-citizenship%2Fresource%2F5a2d19fa-b73a-4275-b32b-1335beade1a7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Zealand+nationality+law" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.stats.govt.nz/news/new-zealands-population-reflects-growing-diversity">"New Zealand's population reflects growing diversity"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Statistics_New_Zealand" title="Statistics New Zealand">Statistics New Zealand</a>. 22 September 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210802202335/https://www.stats.govt.nz/news/new-zealands-population-reflects-growing-diversity">Archived</a> from the original on 2 August 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 August</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=New+Zealand%27s+population+reflects+growing+diversity&rft.pub=Statistics+New+Zealand&rft.date=2019-09-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.stats.govt.nz%2Fnews%2Fnew-zealands-population-reflects-growing-diversity&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Zealand+nationality+law" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEQuentin-Baxter1987366-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEQuentin-Baxter1987366_93-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFQuentin-Baxter1987">Quentin-Baxter 1987</a>, p. 366.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESawyer2013672-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESawyer2013672_94-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSawyer2013">Sawyer 2013</a>, p. 672.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcMillanHood201616–17-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcMillanHood201616–17_95-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMcMillanHood2016">McMillan & Hood 2016</a>, pp. 16–17.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Zealand_nationality_law&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Publications">Publications</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Zealand_nationality_law&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Publications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 35em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBaldwin2001" class="citation journal cs1">Baldwin, M. Page (October 2001). "Subject to Empire: Married Women and the British Nationality and Status of Aliens Act". <i><a href="/wiki/Journal_of_British_Studies" title="Journal of British Studies">Journal of British Studies</a></i>. <b>40</b> (4). <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>: 522–556. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2F386266">10.1086/386266</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3070746">3070746</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18161209">18161209</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:5762190">5762190</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+British+Studies&rft.atitle=Subject+to+Empire%3A+Married+Women+and+the+British+Nationality+and+Status+of+Aliens+Act&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=522-556&rft.date=2001-10&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F18161209&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A5762190%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F3070746%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2F386266&rft.aulast=Baldwin&rft.aufirst=M.+Page&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Zealand+nationality+law" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBeaglehole2009" class="citation book cs1">Beaglehole, Ann (2009). "Looking back and glancing sideways: refugee policy and multicultural nation-building in New Zealand". In Neumann, Klaus; Tavan, Gwenda (eds.). <i>Does History Matter?: Making and debating citizenship, immigration and refugee policy in Australia and New Zealand</i>. <a href="/wiki/ANU_Press" title="ANU Press">ANU Press</a>. pp. 105–124. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-921536-94-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-921536-94-6"><bdi>978-1-921536-94-6</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt24h2v9.13">j.ctt24h2v9.13</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Looking+back+and+glancing+sideways%3A+refugee+policy+and+multicultural+nation-building+in+New+Zealand&rft.btitle=Does+History+Matter%3F%3A+Making+and+debating+citizenship%2C+immigration+and+refugee+policy+in+Australia+and+New+Zealand&rft.pages=105-124&rft.pub=ANU+Press&rft.date=2009&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Fj.ctt24h2v9.13%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.isbn=978-1-921536-94-6&rft.aulast=Beaglehole&rft.aufirst=Ann&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Zealand+nationality+law" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBloom2011" class="citation journal cs1">Bloom, Tendayi (2011). "Contradictions in Formal Commonwealth Citizenship Rights in Commonwealth Countries". <i><a href="/wiki/The_Round_Table_(journal)" title="The Round Table (journal)">The Round Table</a></i>. <b>100</b> (417). <a href="/wiki/Taylor_%26_Francis" title="Taylor & Francis">Taylor & Francis</a>: 639–654. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F00358533.2011.633381">10.1080/00358533.2011.633381</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:154726067">154726067</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Round+Table&rft.atitle=Contradictions+in+Formal+Commonwealth+Citizenship+Rights+in+Commonwealth+Countries&rft.volume=100&rft.issue=417&rft.pages=639-654&rft.date=2011&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F00358533.2011.633381&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A154726067%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Bloom&rft.aufirst=Tendayi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Zealand+nationality+law" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBourassaStrong2002" class="citation journal cs1">Bourassa, Steven C.; Strong, Ann Louise (2002). "Restitution of Land to New Zealand Maori: The Role of Social Structure". <i><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Affairs" title="Pacific Affairs">Pacific Affairs</a></i>. <b>75</b> (2). <a href="/wiki/University_of_British_Columbia" title="University of British Columbia">University of British Columbia</a>: 227–260. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F4127184">10.2307/4127184</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/4127184">4127184</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pacific+Affairs&rft.atitle=Restitution+of+Land+to+New+Zealand+Maori%3A+The+Role+of+Social+Structure&rft.volume=75&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=227-260&rft.date=2002&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F4127184&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F4127184%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Bourassa&rft.aufirst=Steven+C.&rft.au=Strong%2C+Ann+Louise&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Zealand+nationality+law" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDawkins1978" class="citation journal cs1">Dawkins, K. E. (1978). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?handle=hein.journals/otago4&div=21">"New Zealand Citizenship Redefined"</a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Otago_Law_Review" title="Otago Law Review">Otago Law Review</a></i>. <b>4</b> (2). <a href="/wiki/University_of_Otago" title="University of Otago">University of Otago</a>: 201–216. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210916070623/https://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?handle=hein.journals%2Fotago4&div=21">Archived</a> from the original on 16 September 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 September</span> 2021</span> – via <a href="/wiki/HeinOnline" title="HeinOnline">HeinOnline</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Otago+Law+Review&rft.atitle=New+Zealand+Citizenship+Redefined&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=201-216&rft.date=1978&rft.aulast=Dawkins&rft.aufirst=K.+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fheinonline.org%2FHOL%2FLandingPage%3Fhandle%3Dhein.journals%2Fotago4%26div%3D21&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Zealand+nationality+law" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEvans1972" class="citation journal cs1">Evans, J. M. (1972). "Immigration Act 1971". <i>The Modern Law Review</i>. <b>35</b> (5). <a href="/wiki/Wiley_(publisher)" title="Wiley (publisher)">Wiley</a>: 508–524. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1468-2230.1972.tb02363.x">10.1111/j.1468-2230.1972.tb02363.x</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1094478">1094478</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Modern+Law+Review&rft.atitle=Immigration+Act+1971&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=508-524&rft.date=1972&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1468-2230.1972.tb02363.x&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1094478%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Evans&rft.aufirst=J.+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Zealand+nationality+law" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFairburn2004" class="citation journal cs1">Fairburn, Miles (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.26686%2Fjnzs.v0i2%2F3.90">"What Best Explains the Discrimination against the Chinese in New Zealand, 1860s–1950s?"</a>. <i>Journal of New Zealand Studies</i>. <b>2/3</b> (2/3). <a href="/wiki/Victoria_University_of_Wellington" title="Victoria University of Wellington">Victoria University of Wellington</a>: 65–85. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.26686%2Fjnzs.v0i2%2F3.90">10.26686/jnzs.v0i2/3.90</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+New+Zealand+Studies&rft.atitle=What+Best+Explains+the+Discrimination+against+the+Chinese+in+New+Zealand%2C+1860s%E2%80%931950s%3F&rft.volume=2%2F3&rft.issue=2%2F3&rft.pages=65-85&rft.date=2004&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.26686%2Fjnzs.v0i2%2F3.90&rft.aulast=Fairburn&rft.aufirst=Miles&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.26686%252Fjnzs.v0i2%252F3.90&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Zealand+nationality+law" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFleras1985" class="citation journal cs1">Fleras, Augie (September 1985). "From Social Control towards Political Self-Determination? Maori Seats and the Politics of Separate Maori Representation in New Zealand". <i><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Journal_of_Political_Science" title="Canadian Journal of Political Science">Canadian Journal of Political Science</a></i>. <b>18</b> (3). <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press_%26_Assessment" class="mw-redirect" title="Cambridge University Press & Assessment">Cambridge University Press & Assessment</a>: 551–576. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0008423900032455">10.1017/S0008423900032455</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3227746">3227746</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:153484550">153484550</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Canadian+Journal+of+Political+Science&rft.atitle=From+Social+Control+towards+Political+Self-Determination%3F+Maori+Seats+and+the+Politics+of+Separate+Maori+Representation+in+New+Zealand&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=551-576&rft.date=1985-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A153484550%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F3227746%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0008423900032455&rft.aulast=Fleras&rft.aufirst=Augie&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Zealand+nationality+law" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFransman2011" class="citation book cs1">Fransman, Laurie (2011). <i>Fransman's British Nationality Law</i> (3rd ed.). <a href="/wiki/Bloomsbury_Publishing" title="Bloomsbury Publishing">Bloomsbury Publishing</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-845920-95-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-845920-95-1"><bdi>978-1-845920-95-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fransman%27s+British+Nationality+Law&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=Bloomsbury+Publishing&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1-845920-95-1&rft.aulast=Fransman&rft.aufirst=Laurie&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Zealand+nationality+law" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGosewinkel2008" class="citation report cs1">Gosewinkel, Dieter (15 April 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/note/join/2008/408302/IPOL-AFCO_NT(2008)408302_EN.pdf">Nation and Citizenship from the Late Nineteenth Century Onwards: A Comparative European Perspective</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (Report). <a href="/wiki/European_Parliament" title="European Parliament">European Parliament</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190527073905/http://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/note/join/2008/408302/IPOL-AFCO_NT(2008)408302_EN.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 27 May 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 August</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Nation+and+Citizenship+from+the+Late+Nineteenth+Century+Onwards%3A+A+Comparative+European+Perspective&rft.pub=European+Parliament&rft.date=2008-04-15&rft.aulast=Gosewinkel&rft.aufirst=Dieter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.europarl.europa.eu%2FRegData%2Fetudes%2Fnote%2Fjoin%2F2008%2F408302%2FIPOL-AFCO_NT%282008%29408302_EN.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Zealand+nationality+law" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHansen1999" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Randall_Hansen" title="Randall Hansen">Hansen, Randall</a> (1999). "The Politics of Citizenship in 1940s Britain: The British Nationality Act". <i>Twentieth Century British History</i>. <b>10</b> (1). <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>: 67–95. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Ftcbh%2F10.1.67">10.1093/tcbh/10.1.67</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Twentieth+Century+British+History&rft.atitle=The+Politics+of+Citizenship+in+1940s+Britain%3A+The+British+Nationality+Act&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=67-95&rft.date=1999&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Ftcbh%2F10.1.67&rft.aulast=Hansen&rft.aufirst=Randall&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Zealand+nationality+law" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHistorical_background_information_on_nationality" class="citation report cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/650994/Background-information-on-nationality-v1.0EXT.pdf">Historical background information on nationality</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (Report). 1.0. United Kingdom: <a href="/wiki/Home_Office" title="Home Office">Home Office</a>. 21 July 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181229074723/https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/650994/Background-information-on-nationality-v1.0EXT.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 29 December 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 April</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Historical+background+information+on+nationality&rft.place=United+Kingdom&rft.series=1.0&rft.pub=Home+Office&rft.date=2017-07-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fassets.publishing.service.gov.uk%2Fgovernment%2Fuploads%2Fsystem%2Fuploads%2Fattachment_data%2Ffile%2F650994%2FBackground-information-on-nationality-v1.0EXT.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Zealand+nationality+law" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJoseph2008" class="citation book cs1">Joseph, Philip A (2008). <i>The Maori Seats in Parliament</i>. New Zealand Business Roundtable. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-877394-18-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-877394-18-8"><bdi>978-1-877394-18-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Maori+Seats+in+Parliament&rft.pub=New+Zealand+Business+Roundtable&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-1-877394-18-8&rft.aulast=Joseph&rft.aufirst=Philip+A&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Zealand+nationality+law" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKaratani2003" class="citation book cs1">Karatani, Rieko (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=acePAgAAQBAJ"><i>Defining British Citizenship: Empire, Commonwealth and Modern Britain</i></a>. Frank Cass Publishers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7146-8298-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-7146-8298-5"><bdi>0-7146-8298-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Defining+British+Citizenship%3A+Empire%2C+Commonwealth+and+Modern+Britain&rft.pub=Frank+Cass+Publishers&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=0-7146-8298-5&rft.aulast=Karatani&rft.aufirst=Rieko&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DacePAgAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Zealand+nationality+law" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKondo2001" class="citation book cs1">Kondo, Atsushi, ed. (2001). <i>Citizenship in a Global World</i>. <a href="/wiki/Palgrave_Macmillan" title="Palgrave Macmillan">Palgrave Macmillan</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1057%2F9780333993880">10.1057/9780333993880</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-333-80266-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-333-80266-3"><bdi>978-0-333-80266-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Citizenship+in+a+Global+World&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan&rft.date=2001&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1057%2F9780333993880&rft.isbn=978-0-333-80266-3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Zealand+nationality+law" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLee1889" class="citation journal cs1">Lee, Joseph (1889). "Anti-Chinese Legislation in Australasia". <i><a href="/wiki/Quarterly_Journal_of_Economics" class="mw-redirect" title="Quarterly Journal of Economics">Quarterly Journal of Economics</a></i>. <b>3</b> (2). <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>: 218–224. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F1879468">10.2307/1879468</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1879468">1879468</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Quarterly+Journal+of+Economics&rft.atitle=Anti-Chinese+Legislation+in+Australasia&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=218-224&rft.date=1889&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F1879468&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1879468%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Zealand+nationality+law" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLloyd1998" class="citation journal cs1">Lloyd, Trevor (1998). "Partition, within, Partition: The Irish Example". <i>International Journal</i>. <b>53</b> (3). <a href="/wiki/SAGE_Publishing" class="mw-redirect" title="SAGE Publishing">SAGE Publishing</a>: 505–521. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F40203326">10.2307/40203326</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/40203326">40203326</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal&rft.atitle=Partition%2C+within%2C+Partition%3A+The+Irish+Example&rft.volume=53&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=505-521&rft.date=1998&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F40203326&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F40203326%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Lloyd&rft.aufirst=Trevor&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Zealand+nationality+law" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMansergh1952" class="citation journal cs1">Mansergh, Nicholas (1952). "Ireland: The Republic Outside the Commonwealth". <i><a href="/wiki/International_Affairs_(journal)" title="International Affairs (journal)">International Affairs</a></i>. <b>28</b> (3). <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>: 277–291. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F2607413">10.2307/2607413</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2607413">2607413</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Affairs&rft.atitle=Ireland%3A+The+Republic+Outside+the+Commonwealth&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=277-291&rft.date=1952&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F2607413&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2607413%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Mansergh&rft.aufirst=Nicholas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Zealand+nationality+law" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcKay2008" class="citation journal cs1">McKay, James (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4000%2Fosb.433">"The Passage of the 1962 Commonwealth Immigrants Act, a Case-Study of Backbench Power"</a>. <i>Observatoire de la Société Britannique</i> (6). <a href="/wiki/University_of_Toulon" title="University of Toulon">University of Toulon</a>: 89–108. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4000%2Fosb.433">10.4000/osb.433</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Observatoire+de+la+Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9+Britannique&rft.atitle=The+Passage+of+the+1962+Commonwealth+Immigrants+Act%2C+a+Case-Study+of+Backbench+Power&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=89-108&rft.date=2008&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4000%2Fosb.433&rft.aulast=McKay&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.4000%252Fosb.433&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Zealand+nationality+law" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcMillan2015" class="citation book cs1">McMillan, Kate (2015) [1st pub. 2014]. "National Voting Rights for Permanent Residents: New Zealand's Experience". In Arcarazo, Diego Acosta; Wiesbrock, Anja (eds.). <i>Global Migration: Old Assumptions, New Dynamics</i>. Vol. 2. <a href="/wiki/Greenwood_Publishing_Group" title="Greenwood Publishing Group">Prager</a>. <a href="/wiki/SSRN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="SSRN (identifier)">SSRN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2449068">2449068</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=National+Voting+Rights+for+Permanent+Residents%3A+New+Zealand%27s+Experience&rft.btitle=Global+Migration%3A+Old+Assumptions%2C+New+Dynamics&rft.pub=Prager&rft.date=2015&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpapers.ssrn.com%2Fsol3%2Fpapers.cfm%3Fabstract_id%3D2449068%23id-name%3DSSRN&rft.aulast=McMillan&rft.aufirst=Kate&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Zealand+nationality+law" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcMillanHood2016" class="citation report cs1">McMillan, Kate; Hood, Anna (July 2016). Report on Citizenship Law: New Zealand (Report). <a href="/wiki/European_University_Institute" title="European University Institute">European University Institute</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/1814%2F42648">1814/42648</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Report+on+Citizenship+Law%3A+New+Zealand&rft.pub=European+University+Institute&rft.date=2016-07&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F1814%2F42648&rft.aulast=McMillan&rft.aufirst=Kate&rft.au=Hood%2C+Anna&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Zealand+nationality+law" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMelewarAlwi2015" class="citation book cs1">Melewar, T C; Alwi, S F Syed (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=SKcGCAAAQBAJ"><i>Corporate Branding: Areas, arenas and approaches</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-72112-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-72112-7"><bdi>978-0-415-72112-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Corporate+Branding%3A+Areas%2C+arenas+and+approaches&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-0-415-72112-7&rft.aulast=Melewar&rft.aufirst=T+C&rft.au=Alwi%2C+S+F+Syed&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DSKcGCAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Zealand+nationality+law" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMercer2018" class="citation journal cs1">Mercer, Harriet J. (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nzjh.auckland.ac.nz/docs/2018/NZJH_52_2_02.pdf">"Gender and the Myth of a White Zealand, 1866–1928"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Journal_of_History" title="New Zealand Journal of History">New Zealand Journal of History</a></i>. <b>52</b> (2). <a href="/wiki/University_of_Auckland" title="University of Auckland">University of Auckland</a>: 23–41. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210624200304/http://www.nzjh.auckland.ac.nz/docs/2018/NZJH_52_2_02.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 24 June 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 August</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+Zealand+Journal+of+History&rft.atitle=Gender+and+the+Myth+of+a+White+Zealand%2C+1866%E2%80%931928&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=23-41&rft.date=2018&rft.aulast=Mercer&rft.aufirst=Harriet+J.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nzjh.auckland.ac.nz%2Fdocs%2F2018%2FNZJH_52_2_02.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Zealand+nationality+law" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoloughneyStenhouse1999" class="citation journal cs1">Moloughney, Brian; Stenhouse, John (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nzjh.auckland.ac.nz/docs/1999/NZJH_33_1_04.pdf">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Drug-besotten, sin-begotten fiends of filth': New Zealanders and the Oriental Other, 1850–1920"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Journal_of_History" title="New Zealand Journal of History">New Zealand Journal of History</a></i>. <b>33</b> (1). <a href="/wiki/University_of_Auckland" title="University of Auckland">University of Auckland</a>: 43–64. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22039630">22039630</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200724183243/http://www.nzjh.auckland.ac.nz/docs/1999/NZJH_33_1_04.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 24 July 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 January</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+Zealand+Journal+of+History&rft.atitle=%27Drug-besotten%2C+sin-begotten+fiends+of+filth%27%3A+New+Zealanders+and+the+Oriental+Other%2C+1850%E2%80%931920&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=43-64&rft.date=1999&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F22039630&rft.aulast=Moloughney&rft.aufirst=Brian&rft.au=Stenhouse%2C+John&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nzjh.auckland.ac.nz%2Fdocs%2F1999%2FNZJH_33_1_04.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Zealand+nationality+law" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPaul1997" class="citation book cs1">Paul, Kathleen (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7lhuDwAAQBAJ"><i>Whitewashing Britain: Race and Citizenship in the Postwar Era</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Cornell_University_Press" title="Cornell University Press">Cornell University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8014-8440-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8014-8440-7"><bdi>978-0-8014-8440-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Whitewashing+Britain%3A+Race+and+Citizenship+in+the+Postwar+Era&rft.pub=Cornell+University+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-0-8014-8440-7&rft.aulast=Paul&rft.aufirst=Kathleen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7lhuDwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Zealand+nationality+law" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPerham2011" class="citation journal cs1">Perham, Elisabeth Rose (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nzlii.org/cgi-bin/download.cgi/cgi-bin/download.cgi/download/nz/journals/NZYbkIntLaw/2011/9.pdf">"Citizenship laws in the Realm of New Zealand"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>New Zealand Yearbook of International Law</i>. <b>9</b>. <a href="/wiki/Brill_Publishers" title="Brill Publishers">Brill</a>: 219–240. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210916101723/http://www.nzlii.org/cgi-bin/download.cgi/cgi-bin/download.cgi/download/nz/journals/NZYbkIntLaw/2011/9.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 16 September 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 September</span> 2021</span> – via <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Legal_Information_Institute" title="New Zealand Legal Information Institute">New Zealand Legal Information Institute</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+Zealand+Yearbook+of+International+Law&rft.atitle=Citizenship+laws+in+the+Realm+of+New+Zealand&rft.volume=9&rft.pages=219-240&rft.date=2011&rft.aulast=Perham&rft.aufirst=Elisabeth+Rose&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nzlii.org%2Fcgi-bin%2Fdownload.cgi%2Fcgi-bin%2Fdownload.cgi%2Fdownload%2Fnz%2Fjournals%2FNZYbkIntLaw%2F2011%2F9.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Zealand+nationality+law" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFQuentin-Baxter1987" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Alison_Quentin-Baxter" title="Alison Quentin-Baxter">Quentin-Baxter, Alison</a> (1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/nz/journals/VUWLawRw/1987/28.pdf">"The Independence of Western Samoa - Some Conceptual Issues"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Victoria University of Wellington Law Review</i>. <b>17</b> (4). <a href="/wiki/Victoria_University_of_Wellington" title="Victoria University of Wellington">Victoria University of Wellington</a>: 345–372. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210813080933/http://www.austlii.edu.au/nz/journals/VUWLawRw/1987/28.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 13 August 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 August</span> 2021</span> – via <a href="/wiki/Australasian_Legal_Information_Institute" title="Australasian Legal Information Institute">Australasian Legal Information Institute</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Victoria+University+of+Wellington+Law+Review&rft.atitle=The+Independence+of+Western+Samoa+-+Some+Conceptual+Issues&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=345-372&rft.date=1987&rft.aulast=Quentin-Baxter&rft.aufirst=Alison&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.austlii.edu.au%2Fnz%2Fjournals%2FVUWLawRw%2F1987%2F28.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Zealand+nationality+law" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRay1918" class="citation journal cs1">Ray, P. Orman (August 1918). "Woman Suffrage in Foreign Countries". <i><a href="/wiki/American_Political_Science_Review" title="American Political Science Review">American Political Science Review</a></i>. <b>12</b> (3). <a href="/wiki/American_Political_Science_Association" title="American Political Science Association">American Political Science Association</a>: 469–474. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F1946097">10.2307/1946097</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1946097">1946097</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:146961744">146961744</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Political+Science+Review&rft.atitle=Woman+Suffrage+in+Foreign+Countries&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=469-474&rft.date=1918-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A146961744%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1946097%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F1946097&rft.aulast=Ray&rft.aufirst=P.+Orman&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Zealand+nationality+law" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRyan2001" class="citation journal cs1">Ryan, Bernard (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kar.kent.ac.uk/234/1/Common_Travel_area.pdf">"The Common Travel Area between Britain and Ireland"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>The Modern Law Review</i>. <b>64</b> (6). <a href="/wiki/Wiley_(publisher)" title="Wiley (publisher)">Wiley</a>: 855–874. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2F1468-2230.00356">10.1111/1468-2230.00356</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1097196">1097196</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Modern+Law+Review&rft.atitle=The+Common+Travel+Area+between+Britain+and+Ireland&rft.volume=64&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=855-874&rft.date=2001&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2F1468-2230.00356&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1097196%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Ryan&rft.aufirst=Bernard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fkar.kent.ac.uk%2F234%2F1%2FCommon_Travel_area.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Zealand+nationality+law" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSawyer2013" class="citation journal cs1">Sawyer, Caroline (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.26686%2Fvuwlr.v44i3%2F4.4975">"The Loss of Birthright Citizenship in New Zealand"</a>. <i>Victoria University of Wellington Law Review</i>. <b>44</b> (3/4). <a href="/wiki/Victoria_University_of_Wellington" title="Victoria University of Wellington">Victoria University of Wellington</a>: 653–674. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.26686%2Fvuwlr.v44i3%2F4.4975">10.26686/vuwlr.v44i3/4.4975</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Victoria+University+of+Wellington+Law+Review&rft.atitle=The+Loss+of+Birthright+Citizenship+in+New+Zealand&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=3%2F4&rft.pages=653-674&rft.date=2013&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.26686%2Fvuwlr.v44i3%2F4.4975&rft.aulast=Sawyer&rft.aufirst=Caroline&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.26686%252Fvuwlr.v44i3%252F4.4975&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Zealand+nationality+law" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSeuffert2003" class="citation journal cs1">Seuffert, Nan (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ro.uow.edu.au/ltc/vol7/iss1/9/">"Shaping the Modern Nation: Colonial Marriage Law, Polygamy and Concubinage in Aotearoa New Zealand"</a>. <i>Law Text Culture</i>. <b>7</b> (9). <a href="/wiki/University_of_Wollongong" title="University of Wollongong">University of Wollongong</a>: 186–220. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210127031717/https://ro.uow.edu.au/ltc/vol7/iss1/9/">Archived</a> from the original on 27 January 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 June</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Law+Text+Culture&rft.atitle=Shaping+the+Modern+Nation%3A+Colonial+Marriage+Law%2C+Polygamy+and+Concubinage+in+Aotearoa+New+Zealand&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=9&rft.pages=186-220&rft.date=2003&rft.aulast=Seuffert&rft.aufirst=Nan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fro.uow.edu.au%2Fltc%2Fvol7%2Fiss1%2F9%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Zealand+nationality+law" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSpoonley2001" class="citation book cs1">Spoonley, Paul (2001). "Aliens and Citizens in New Zealand". In Kondo, Atushi (ed.). <i>Citizenship in a Global World</i>. <a href="/wiki/Palgrave_Macmillan" title="Palgrave Macmillan">Palgrave Macmillan</a>. pp. 158–175. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1057%2F9780333993880_9">10.1057/9780333993880_9</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-333-80266-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-333-80266-3"><bdi>978-0-333-80266-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Aliens+and+Citizens+in+New+Zealand&rft.btitle=Citizenship+in+a+Global+World&rft.pages=158-175&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan&rft.date=2001&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1057%2F9780333993880_9&rft.isbn=978-0-333-80266-3&rft.aulast=Spoonley&rft.aufirst=Paul&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Zealand+nationality+law" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTagupa1994" class="citation journal cs1">Tagupa, William (1994). "Law, Status and Citizenship: Conflict and Continuity in New Zealand and Western Samoa (1922–1982)". <i>The Journal of Pacific History</i>. <b>29</b> (1). <a href="/wiki/Taylor_%26_Francis" title="Taylor & Francis">Taylor & Francis</a>: 19–35. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F00223349408572756">10.1080/00223349408572756</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/25169200">25169200</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Pacific+History&rft.atitle=Law%2C+Status+and+Citizenship%3A+Conflict+and+Continuity+in+New+Zealand+and+Western+Samoa+%281922%E2%80%931982%29&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=19-35&rft.date=1994&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F00223349408572756&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F25169200%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Tagupa&rft.aufirst=William&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Zealand+nationality+law" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThwaites2017" class="citation report cs1">Thwaites, Rayner (May 2017). Report on Citizenship Law: Australia (Report). <a href="/wiki/European_University_Institute" title="European University Institute">European University Institute</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/1814%2F46449">1814/46449</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Report+on+Citizenship+Law%3A+Australia&rft.pub=European+University+Institute&rft.date=2017-05&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F1814%2F46449&rft.aulast=Thwaites&rft.aufirst=Rayner&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Zealand+nationality+law" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWade1948" class="citation journal cs1">Wade, E.C.S. (1948). "British Nationality Act, 1948". <i>Journal of Comparative Legislation and International Law</i>. <b>30</b> (3/4). <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press_%26_Assessment" class="mw-redirect" title="Cambridge University Press & Assessment">Cambridge University Press & Assessment</a>: 67–75. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/754289">754289</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Comparative+Legislation+and+International+Law&rft.atitle=British+Nationality+Act%2C+1948&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=3%2F4&rft.pages=67-75&rft.date=1948&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F754289%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Wade&rft.aufirst=E.C.S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Zealand+nationality+law" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilliams1980" class="citation journal cs1">Williams, David V. (1980). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?handle=hein.journals/otago4&div=20">"New Zealand Immigration Policies and the Law - A Perspective"</a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Immigration_and_Nationality_Law_Review" title="Immigration and Nationality Law Review">Immigration and Nationality Law Review</a></i>. <b>4</b>. William S. Hein & Co.: 173–188. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210916110342/https://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?handle=hein.journals%2Fotago4&div=20">Archived</a> from the original on 16 September 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 September</span> 2021</span> – via <a href="/wiki/HeinOnline" title="HeinOnline">HeinOnline</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Immigration+and+Nationality+Law+Review&rft.atitle=New+Zealand+Immigration+Policies+and+the+Law+-+A+Perspective&rft.volume=4&rft.pages=173-188&rft.date=1980&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=David+V.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fheinonline.org%2FHOL%2FLandingPage%3Fhandle%3Dhein.journals%2Fotago4%26div%3D20&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Zealand+nationality+law" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilson1966" class="citation book cs1">Wilson, James Oakley (1966). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://teara.govt.nz/en/1966/nationality-and-naturalisation">"Nationality"</a>. In <a href="/wiki/A.H._McLintock" class="mw-redirect" title="A.H. McLintock">McLintock, A.H.</a> (ed.). <i>An Encyclopaedia of New Zealand</i>. R.E. Owen, Government Printer. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1014037525">1014037525</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180224095521/https://teara.govt.nz/en/1966/nationality-and-naturalisation">Archived</a> from the original on 24 February 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 June</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Nationality&rft.btitle=An+Encyclopaedia+of+New+Zealand&rft.pub=R.E.+Owen%2C+Government+Printer&rft.date=1966&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1014037525&rft.aulast=Wilson&rft.aufirst=James+Oakley&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fteara.govt.nz%2Fen%2F1966%2Fnationality-and-naturalisation&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Zealand+nationality+law" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Legislation_and_case_law">Legislation and case law</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Zealand_nationality_law&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Legislation and case law"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239549316"><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 35em"> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1041539562">.mw-parser-output .citation{word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}</style><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFAliens_Act_1866"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nzlii.org/nz/legis/hist_act/aa186630v1866n17195/">"Aliens Act 1866"</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Legal_Information_Institute" title="New Zealand Legal Information Institute">New Zealand Legal Information Institute</a></cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFBritish_Nationality_and_New_Zealand_Citizenship_Act_1948"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nzlii.org/nz/legis/hist_act/bnanzca19481948n15493/">"British Nationality and New Zealand Citizenship Act 1948"</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Legal_Information_Institute" title="New Zealand Legal Information Institute">New Zealand Legal Information Institute</a></cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFCitizenship_Act_1977"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/1977/0061/latest/whole.html">"Citizenship Act 1977"</a>, <i>legislation.govt.nz</i>, <a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_Counsel_Office_(New_Zealand)" title="Parliamentary Counsel Office (New Zealand)">Parliamentary Counsel Office</a></cite></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Zealand_nationality_law&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.govt.nz/browse/passports-citizenship-and-identity/nz-citizenship/requirements-for-nz-citizenship/check-you-meet-the-requirements-for-nz-citizenship/">New Zealand Government self-check tool for citizenship requirements</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Commonwealth_citizenship" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Commonwealth_citizenship" title="Template:Commonwealth citizenship"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Commonwealth_citizenship" title="Template talk:Commonwealth citizenship"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Commonwealth_citizenship" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Commonwealth citizenship"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Commonwealth_citizenship" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_citizen" title="Commonwealth citizen">Commonwealth citizenship</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Nations" title="Commonwealth of Nations">Commonwealth of Nations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_citizen" title="Commonwealth citizen">Commonwealth citizen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_diaspora" title="Commonwealth diaspora">Commonwealth diaspora</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Nationality_law" title="Nationality law">Nationality laws</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antiguan_and_Barbudian_nationality_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Antiguan and Barbudian nationality law">Antigua & Barbuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_nationality_law" title="Australian nationality law">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahamian_nationality_law" title="Bahamian nationality law">The Bahamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladeshi_nationality_law" title="Bangladeshi nationality law">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbadian_nationality_law" title="Barbadian nationality law">Barbados</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belizean_nationality_law" title="Belizean nationality law">Belize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Botswanan_nationality_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Botswanan nationality law">Botswana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruneian_nationality_law" title="Bruneian nationality law">Brunei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cameroonian_nationality_law" title="Cameroonian nationality law">Cameroon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_nationality_law" title="Canadian nationality law">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cypriot_nationality_law" title="Cypriot nationality law">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_nationality_law" title="Dominican nationality law">Dominica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emaswati_nationality_law" title="Emaswati nationality law">Eswatini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fijian_nationality_law" title="Fijian nationality law">Fiji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabonese_nationality_law" title="Gabonese nationality law">Gabon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gambian_nationality_law" title="Gambian nationality law">The Gambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghanaian_nationality_law" title="Ghanaian nationality law">Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grenadian_nationality_law" title="Grenadian nationality law">Grenada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guyanese_nationality_law" title="Guyanese nationality law">Guyana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_nationality_law" title="Indian nationality law">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamaican_nationality_law" title="Jamaican nationality law">Jamaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenyan_nationality_law" title="Kenyan nationality law">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I-Kiribati_nationality_law" class="mw-redirect" title="I-Kiribati nationality law">Kiribati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basotho_nationality_law" title="Basotho nationality law">Lesotho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malawian_nationality_law" title="Malawian nationality law">Malawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_nationality_law" title="Malaysian nationality law">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maldivian_nationality_law" title="Maldivian nationality law">Maldives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maltese_nationality_law" title="Maltese nationality law">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauritian_nationality_law" title="Mauritian nationality law">Mauritius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozambican_nationality_law" title="Mozambican nationality law">Mozambique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namibian_nationality_law" title="Namibian nationality law">Namibia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nauruan_nationality_law" title="Nauruan nationality law">Nauru</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigerian_nationality_law" title="Nigerian nationality law">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_nationality_law" title="Pakistani nationality law">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papua_New_Guinean_nationality_law" title="Papua New Guinean nationality law">Papua New Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rwandan_nationality_law" title="Rwandan nationality law">Rwanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kittitian_and_Nevisian_nationality_law" title="Kittitian and Nevisian nationality law">Saint Kitts and Nevis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Lucian_nationality_law" title="Saint Lucian nationality law">Saint Lucia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vincentian_nationality_law" title="Vincentian nationality law">Saint Vincent and the Grenadines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samoan_nationality_law" title="Samoan nationality law">Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seychellois_nationality_law" title="Seychellois nationality law">Seychelles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sierra_Leonean_nationality_law" title="Sierra Leonean nationality law">Sierra Leone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singaporean_nationality_law" title="Singaporean nationality law">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomon_Islands_nationality_law" title="Solomon Islands nationality law">Solomon Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_nationality_law" title="South African nationality law">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lankan_nationality_law" title="Sri Lankan nationality law">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanzanian_nationality_law" title="Tanzanian nationality law">Tanzania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Togolese_nationality_law" title="Togolese nationality law">Togo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongan_nationality_law" title="Tongan nationality law">Tonga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinidadian_and_Tobagonian_nationality_law" title="Trinidadian and Tobagonian nationality law">Trinidad and Tobago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuvaluan_nationality_law" title="Tuvaluan nationality law">Tuvalu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ugandan_nationality_law" title="Ugandan nationality law">Uganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_nationality_law" title="British nationality law">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ni-Vanuatu_nationality_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Ni-Vanuatu nationality law">Vanuatu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zambian_nationality_law" title="Zambian nationality law">Zambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zimbabwean_nationality_law" title="Zimbabwean nationality law">Zimbabwe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;">Rights, issues, and visas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Belonger_status" title="Belonger status">Belonger status</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_nationality_law_and_Hong_Kong" title="British nationality law and Hong Kong">British nationality law and Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_nationality_law_and_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="British nationality law and the Republic of Ireland">British nationality law and the Republic of Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Overseas_Territories_citizen" title="British Overseas Territories citizen">British Overseas Territories citizen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_citizen" title="Commonwealth citizen">Commonwealth citizen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indefinite_leave_to_remain" title="Indefinite leave to remain">Indefinite leave to remain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_nationality_law" title="Irish nationality law">Irish nationality law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_permanent_resident" title="Australian permanent resident">Permanent resident (Australia)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Permanent_resident_(Canada)" class="mw-redirect" title="Permanent resident (Canada)">Permanent resident (Canada)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UK_Ancestry_Entry_Clearance" class="mw-redirect" title="UK Ancestry Entry Clearance">UK Ancestry Entry Clearance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_of_abode_(United_Kingdom)" class="mw-redirect" title="Right of abode (United Kingdom)">UK right of abode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windrush_scandal" title="Windrush scandal">Windrush scandal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;">Acts of Parliament</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_Nationality_Act_1981" title="British Nationality Act 1981">British Nationality Act 1981</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Nationality_(Falkland_Islands)_Act_1983" title="British Nationality (Falkland Islands) Act 1983">British Nationality (Falkland Islands) Act 1983</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Overseas_Territories_Act_2002" title="British Overseas Territories Act 2002">British Overseas Territories Act 2002</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Citizenship_Act_1946" class="mw-redirect" title="Canadian Citizenship Act 1946">Canadian Citizenship Act 1946</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ireland_Act_1949" title="Ireland Act 1949">Ireland Act 1949</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Nationality_laws" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Nationality_laws" title="Template:Nationality laws"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Nationality_laws" title="Template talk:Nationality laws"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Nationality_laws" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Nationality laws"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Nationality_laws" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Nationality_law" title="Nationality law">Nationality laws</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By continent</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.3em; text-align:center;">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Algerian_nationality_law" title="Algerian nationality law">Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angolan_nationality_law" title="Angolan nationality law">Angola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beninese_nationality_law" title="Beninese nationality law">Benin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Botswanan_nationality_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Botswanan nationality law">Botswana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burkinabe_nationality_law" title="Burkinabe nationality law">Burkina Faso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burundian_nationality_law" title="Burundian nationality law">Burundi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cameroonian_nationality_law" title="Cameroonian nationality law">Cameroon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Verdean_nationality_law" title="Cape Verdean nationality law">Cape Verde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_African_nationality_law" title="Central African nationality law">Central African Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chadian_nationality_law" title="Chadian nationality law">Chad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comorian_nationality_law" title="Comorian nationality law">Comoros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congolese_nationality_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Congolese nationality law">Congo Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo_nationality_law" title="Democratic Republic of the Congo nationality law">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djiboutian_nationality_law" title="Djiboutian nationality law">Djibouti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_nationality_law" title="Egyptian nationality law">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equatoguinean_nationality_law" title="Equatoguinean nationality law">Equatorial Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eritrean_nationality_law" title="Eritrean nationality law">Eritrea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emaswati_nationality_law" title="Emaswati nationality law">Eswatini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_nationality_law" title="Ethiopian nationality law">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabonese_nationality_law" title="Gabonese nationality law">Gabon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gambian_nationality_law" title="Gambian nationality law">The Gambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghanaian_nationality_law" title="Ghanaian nationality law">Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guinean_nationality_law" title="Guinean nationality law">Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bissau-Guinean_nationality_law" title="Bissau-Guinean nationality law">Guinea-Bissau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivorian_nationality_law" title="Ivorian nationality law">Ivory Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenyan_nationality_law" title="Kenyan nationality law">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basotho_nationality_law" title="Basotho nationality law">Lesotho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberian_nationality_law" title="Liberian nationality law">Liberia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libyan_nationality_law" title="Libyan nationality law">Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malagasy_nationality_law" title="Malagasy nationality law">Madagascar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malawian_nationality_law" title="Malawian nationality law">Malawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malian_nationality_law" title="Malian nationality law">Mali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauritanian_nationality_law" title="Mauritanian nationality law">Mauritania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauritian_nationality_law" title="Mauritian nationality law">Mauritius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moroccan_nationality_law" title="Moroccan nationality law">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozambican_nationality_law" title="Mozambican nationality law">Mozambique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namibian_nationality_law" title="Namibian nationality law">Namibia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigerien_nationality_law" title="Nigerien nationality law">Niger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigerian_nationality_law" title="Nigerian nationality law">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rwandan_nationality_law" title="Rwandan nationality law">Rwanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9an_nationality_law" title="São Toméan nationality law">São Tomé and Príncipe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senegalese_nationality_law" title="Senegalese nationality law">Senegal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seychellois_nationality_law" title="Seychellois nationality law">Seychelles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sierra_Leonean_nationality_law" title="Sierra Leonean nationality law">Sierra Leone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somali_nationality_law" title="Somali nationality law">Somalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somaliland_citizenship_and_nationality" class="mw-redirect" title="Somaliland citizenship and nationality">Somaliland</a><sup><small>3</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_nationality_law" title="South African nationality law">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Sudanese_nationality_law" title="South Sudanese nationality law">South Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudanese_nationality_law" title="Sudanese nationality law">Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanzanian_nationality_law" title="Tanzanian nationality law">Tanzania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Togolese_nationality_law" title="Togolese nationality law">Togo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunisian_nationality_law" title="Tunisian nationality law">Tunisia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ugandan_nationality_law" title="Ugandan nationality law">Uganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sahrawi_citizenship_and_nationality" class="mw-redirect" title="Sahrawi citizenship and nationality">Western Sahara</a><sup><small>3</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zambian_nationality_law" title="Zambian nationality law">Zambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zimbabwean_nationality_law" title="Zimbabwean nationality law">Zimbabwe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.3em; text-align:center;">Americas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.3em; text-align:center;">North</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antiguan_and_Barbudian_nationality_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Antiguan and Barbudian nationality law">Antigua and Barbuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahamian_nationality_law" title="Bahamian nationality law">Bahamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbadian_nationality_law" title="Barbadian nationality law">Barbados</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belizean_nationality_law" title="Belizean nationality law">Belize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_nationality_law" title="Canadian nationality law">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Costa_Rican_nationality_law" title="Costa Rican nationality law">Costa Rica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuban_nationality_law" title="Cuban nationality law">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_nationality_law" title="Dominican nationality law">Dominica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Republic_nationality_law" title="Dominican Republic nationality law">Dominican Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salvadoran_nationality_law" title="Salvadoran nationality law">El Salvador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danish_nationality_law" title="Danish nationality law">Greenland <small>(Kingdom of Denmark)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grenadian_nationality_law" title="Grenadian nationality law">Grenada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guatemalan_nationality_law" title="Guatemalan nationality law">Guatemala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Haitian_nationality_and_citizenship" title="History of Haitian nationality and citizenship">Haiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honduran_nationality_law" title="Honduran nationality law">Honduras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamaican_nationality_law" title="Jamaican nationality law">Jamaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican_nationality_law" title="Mexican nationality law">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicaraguan_nationality_law" title="Nicaraguan nationality law">Nicaragua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panamanian_nationality_law" title="Panamanian nationality law">Panama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kittitian_and_Nevisian_nationality_law" title="Kittitian and Nevisian nationality law">St. Kitts and Nevis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Lucian_nationality_law" title="Saint Lucian nationality law">St. Lucia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vincentian_nationality_law" title="Vincentian nationality law">St. Vincent and the Grenadines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinidadian_and_Tobagonian_nationality_law" title="Trinidadian and Tobagonian nationality law">Trinidad and Tobago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_nationality_law" title="United States nationality law">United States</a> (<a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rican_citizenship_and_nationality" title="Puerto Rican citizenship and nationality">Puerto Rico</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Virgin_Islander_citizenship_and_nationality" title="United States Virgin Islander citizenship and nationality">US Virgin Islands</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.3em; text-align:center;">South</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Argentine_nationality_law" title="Argentine nationality law">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolivian_nationality_law" title="Bolivian nationality law">Bolivia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_nationality_law" title="Brazilian nationality law">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chilean_nationality_law" title="Chilean nationality law">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombian_nationality_law" title="Colombian nationality law">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecuadorian_nationality_law" title="Ecuadorian nationality law">Ecuador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guyanese_nationality_law" title="Guyanese nationality law">Guyana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paraguayan_nationality_law" title="Paraguayan nationality law">Paraguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peruvian_nationality_law" title="Peruvian nationality law">Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surinamese_nationality_law" title="Surinamese nationality law">Suriname</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uruguayan_nationality_law" title="Uruguayan nationality law">Uruguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venezuelan_nationality_law" title="Venezuelan nationality law">Venezuela</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.3em; text-align:center;">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afghan_nationality_law" title="Afghan nationality law">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahraini_nationality_law" title="Bahraini nationality law">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladeshi_nationality_law" title="Bangladeshi nationality law">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhutanese_nationality_law" title="Bhutanese nationality law">Bhutan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruneian_nationality_law" title="Bruneian nationality law">Brunei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambodian_nationality_law" title="Cambodian nationality law">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_nationality_law" title="Chinese nationality law">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Timorese_nationality_law" title="East Timorese nationality law">East Timor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_nationality_law" title="Indian nationality law">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_nationality_law" title="Indonesian nationality law">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_nationality_law" title="Iranian nationality law">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_nationality_law" title="Iraqi nationality law">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_citizenship_law" title="Israeli citizenship law">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_nationality_law" title="Japanese nationality law">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordanian_nationality_law" title="Jordanian nationality law">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazakhstani_nationality_law" title="Kazakhstani nationality law">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kyrgyzstani_nationality_law&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kyrgyzstani nationality law (page does not exist)">Kyrgyzstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuwaiti_nationality_law" title="Kuwaiti nationality law">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Laotian_nationality_law&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Laotian nationality law (page does not exist)">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebanese_nationality_law" title="Lebanese nationality law">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_nationality_law" title="Malaysian nationality law">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_nationality_law" title="Mongolian nationality law">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myanmar_nationality_law" title="Myanmar nationality law">Myanmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepali_nationality_law" title="Nepali nationality law">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Korean_nationality_law" title="North Korean nationality law">North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omani_nationality_law" title="Omani nationality law">Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_nationality_law" title="Pakistani nationality law">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Palestinian_nationality" title="History of Palestinian nationality">Palestine</a><sup><small></small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_nationality_law" title="Philippine nationality law">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qatari_nationality_law" title="Qatari nationality law">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabian_nationality_law" title="Saudi Arabian nationality law">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singaporean_nationality_law" title="Singaporean nationality law">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Korean_nationality_law" title="South Korean nationality law">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lankan_nationality_law" title="Sri Lankan nationality law">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_nationality_law" title="Syrian nationality law">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tajikistani_nationality_law&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tajikistani nationality law (page does not exist)">Tajikistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_nationality_law" title="Taiwanese nationality law">Taiwan</a><sup><small>3</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thai_nationality_law" title="Thai nationality law">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_nationality_law" title="Turkish nationality law">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkmen_nationality_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Turkmen nationality law">Turkmenistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emirati_nationality_law" title="Emirati nationality law">United Arab Emirates</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uzbek_nationality_law&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Uzbek nationality law (page does not exist)">Uzbekistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_passport" title="Vietnamese passport">Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yemeni_nationality_law&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yemeni nationality law (page does not exist)">Yemen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.3em; text-align:center;">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.3em; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Citizenship_of_the_European_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Citizenship of the European Union">European Union</a><br /> and <a href="/wiki/Schengen_Area" title="Schengen Area">Schengen Area</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Austrian_nationality_law" title="Austrian nationality law">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgian_nationality_law" title="Belgian nationality law">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_nationality_law" title="Bulgarian nationality law">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_nationality_law" title="Croatian nationality law">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cypriot_nationality_law" title="Cypriot nationality law">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech_nationality_law" title="Czech nationality law">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danish_nationality_law" title="Danish nationality law">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonian_nationality_law" title="Estonian nationality law">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_nationality_law" title="Finnish nationality law">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_nationality_law" title="French nationality law">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_nationality_law" title="German nationality law">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_nationality_law" title="Greek nationality law">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_nationality_law" title="Hungarian nationality law">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icelandic_nationality_law" title="Icelandic nationality law">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_nationality_law" title="Irish nationality law">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_nationality_law" title="Italian nationality law">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latvian_nationality_law" title="Latvian nationality law">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liechtensteiner_nationality_law" title="Liechtensteiner nationality law">Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_nationality_law" title="Lithuanian nationality law">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg_nationality_law" title="Luxembourg nationality law">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maltese_nationality_law" title="Maltese nationality law">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_nationality_law" title="Dutch nationality law">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_nationality_law" title="Norwegian nationality law">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_nationality_law" title="Polish nationality law">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_nationality_law" title="Portuguese nationality law">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_nationality_law" title="Romanian nationality law">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovak_nationality_law" title="Slovak nationality law">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovenian_nationality_law" title="Slovenian nationality law">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_nationality_law" title="Spanish nationality law">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_nationality_law" title="Swedish nationality law">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_nationality_law" title="Swiss nationality law">Switzerland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.3em; text-align:center;">Rest of Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_nationality_law" title="Albanian nationality law">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_nationality_law" title="Armenian nationality law">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andorran_nationality_law" title="Andorran nationality law">Andorra</a><sup><small>2</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_nationality_law" title="Azerbaijani nationality law">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belarusian_citizenship" class="mw-redirect" title="Belarusian citizenship">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina_nationality_law" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina nationality law">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_nationality_law" title="Georgian nationality law">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosovan_nationality_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Kosovan nationality law">Kosovo</a><sup><small>3</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moldovan_nationality_law" title="Moldovan nationality law">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mon%C3%A9gasque_nationality_law" title="Monégasque nationality law">Monaco</a><sup><small>2</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montenegrin_nationality_law" title="Montenegrin nationality law">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationality_law_of_North_Macedonia" title="Nationality law of North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Cyprus_citizenship" title="Northern Cyprus citizenship">Northern Cyprus</a><sup><small>3</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_citizenship_law" title="Russian citizenship law">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Marino_nationality_law" title="San Marino nationality law">San Marino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_nationality_law" title="Serbian nationality law">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_nationality_law" title="Turkish nationality law">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_nationality_law" title="Ukrainian nationality law">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_nationality_law" title="British nationality law">United Kingdom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.3em; text-align:center;">Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australian_nationality_law" title="Australian nationality law">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micronesian_nationality_law" title="Micronesian nationality law">Federated States of Micronesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fijian_nationality_law" title="Fijian nationality law">Fiji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nauruan_nationality_law" title="Nauruan nationality law">Nauru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I-Kiribati_nationality_law" class="mw-redirect" title="I-Kiribati nationality law">Kiribati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marshallese_nationality_law" title="Marshallese nationality law">Marshall Islands</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palauan_nationality_law" title="Palauan nationality law">Palau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papua_New_Guinean_nationality_law" title="Papua New Guinean nationality law">Papua New Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samoan_nationality_law" title="Samoan nationality law">Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomon_Islands_nationality_law" title="Solomon Islands nationality law">Solomon Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongan_nationality_law" title="Tongan nationality law">Tonga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuvaluan_nationality_law" title="Tuvaluan nationality law">Tuvalu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_nationality_law" title="United States nationality law">United States</a> (<a href="/wiki/American_Samoan_citizenship_and_nationality" title="American Samoan citizenship and nationality">American Samoa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Northern_Mariana_citizenship_and_nationality" title="Northern Mariana citizenship and nationality">Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guamanian_citizenship_and_nationality" title="Guamanian citizenship and nationality">Guam</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ni-Vanuatu_nationality_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Ni-Vanuatu nationality law">Vanuatu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.3em; text-align:center;">International<br />organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_citizen" title="Commonwealth citizen">Commonwealth of Nations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_citizenship" title="European Union citizenship">European Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citizenship_of_the_Mercosur" title="Citizenship of the Mercosur">Mercosur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nordic_Passport_Union" title="Nordic Passport Union">Nordic Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CARICOM_Single_Market_and_Economy" title="CARICOM Single Market and Economy">Caribbean Community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Union#Migration" title="African Union">African Union</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By procedure</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Loss_of_citizenship" title="Loss of citizenship">Loss of citizenship</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Denaturalization" title="Denaturalization">Denaturalization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renunciation_of_citizenship" title="Renunciation of citizenship">Renunciation of citizenship</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naturalization" title="Naturalization">Naturalization</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Birth_aboard_aircraft_and_ships" title="Birth aboard aircraft and ships">Birth aboard aircraft and ships</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ius_sanguinis" class="mw-redirect" title="Ius sanguinis">Ius sanguinis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ius_soli" class="mw-redirect" title="Ius soli">Ius soli</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Repatriation" title="Repatriation">Repatriation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By result</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Citizenship" title="Citizenship">Citizenship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multiple_citizenship" title="Multiple citizenship">Multiple citizenship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passport" title="Passport">Passport</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Internal_passport" title="Internal passport">Internal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Permanent_residency" title="Permanent residency">Permanent residency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_of_return" title="Right of return">Right of return</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second-class_citizen" title="Second-class citizen">Second-class citizen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statelessness" title="Statelessness">Statelessness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Travel_visa" title="Travel visa">Travel visa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nuremberg_Laws" title="Nuremberg Laws">Nazi Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_citizenship" title="Roman citizenship">Ancient Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_nationality_law" title="Soviet nationality law">Soviet Union</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-size:88%;"><div> <ul><li><sup>1</sup> <a href="/wiki/British_Overseas_Territories" title="British Overseas Territories">British Overseas Territories</a>.</li> <li><sup>2</sup> Open border with <a href="/wiki/Schengen_Area" title="Schengen Area">Schengen Area</a>.</li> <li><sup>3</sup> Partially recognized.</li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Nationality_law" title="Category:Nationality law"><b>Category</b></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="New_Zealand_articles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:New_Zealand_topics" title="Template:New Zealand topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:New_Zealand_topics" title="Template talk:New Zealand topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:New_Zealand_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:New Zealand topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="New_Zealand_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a> articles</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_New_Zealand" title="History of New Zealand">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_New_Zealand_history" title="Timeline of New Zealand history">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archaeology_of_New_Zealand" title="Archaeology of New Zealand">Archaeology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_New_Zealand" title="Economic history of New Zealand">Economic history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_New_Zealand" title="Military history of New Zealand">Military history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_history" title="Māori history">Māori history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_history_of_New_Zealand" title="Natural history of New Zealand">Natural history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_history_of_New_Zealand" title="Political history of New Zealand">Political history</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Waitangi" title="Treaty of Waitangi">Treaty of Waitangi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Wars" title="New Zealand Wars">New Zealand Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_suffrage_in_New_Zealand" title="Women's suffrage in New Zealand">Women's suffrage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_New_Zealand%27s_links_with_Antarctica" title="Timeline of New Zealand's links with Antarctica">New Zealand and Antarctica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colony_of_New_Zealand" title="Colony of New Zealand">Colony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominion_of_New_Zealand" title="Dominion of New Zealand">Dominion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independence_of_New_Zealand" title="Independence of New Zealand">Independence</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_New_Zealand" title="Geography of New Zealand">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Physical_geography_of_New_Zealand" class="mw-redirect" title="Physical geography of New Zealand">Physical</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biodiversity_of_New_Zealand" title="Biodiversity of New Zealand">Biodiversity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_caves_in_New_Zealand" title="List of caves in New Zealand">Caves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_New_Zealand" title="Climate of New Zealand">Climate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_New_Zealand" title="Climate change in New Zealand">Climate change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_New_Zealand" title="List of earthquakes in New Zealand">Earthquakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environment_of_New_Zealand" title="Environment of New Zealand">Environment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geology_of_New_Zealand" title="Geology of New Zealand">Geology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_New_Zealand" title="List of islands of New Zealand">Islands</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/North_Island" title="North Island">North Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Island" title="South Island">South Island</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lakes_of_New_Zealand" title="Lakes of New Zealand">Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mountains_of_New_Zealand" class="mw-redirect" title="List of mountains of New Zealand">Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protected_areas_of_New_Zealand" title="Protected areas of New Zealand">Protected areas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marine_reserves_of_New_Zealand" title="Marine reserves of New Zealand">Marine reserves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_parks_of_New_Zealand" title="National parks of New Zealand">National parks</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_New_Zealand" title="List of rivers of New Zealand">Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volcanism_of_New_Zealand" title="Volcanism of New Zealand">Volcanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_in_New_Zealand" title="Water in New Zealand">Water</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_New_Zealand" title="List of cities in New Zealand">Cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Auckland" title="Auckland">Auckland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christchurch" title="Christchurch">Christchurch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dunedin" title="Dunedin">Dunedin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamilton,_New_Zealand" title="Hamilton, New Zealand">Hamilton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hastings,_New_Zealand" title="Hastings, New Zealand">Hastings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Invercargill" title="Invercargill">Invercargill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Napier,_New_Zealand" title="Napier, New Zealand">Napier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nelson,_New_Zealand" title="Nelson, New Zealand">Nelson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Plymouth" title="New Plymouth">New Plymouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmerston_North" title="Palmerston North">Palmerston North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rotorua" title="Rotorua">Rotorua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tauranga" title="Tauranga">Tauranga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wellington" title="Wellington">Wellington</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Capital_of_New_Zealand" title="Capital of New Zealand">capital</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whang%C4%81rei" title="Whangārei">Whangārei</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_New_Zealand" title="Local government in New Zealand">Subdivisions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_New_Zealand" title="Regions of New Zealand">Regions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territorial_authorities_of_New_Zealand" title="Territorial authorities of New Zealand">Territorial authorities</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_New_Zealand" title="Politics of New Zealand">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_New_Zealand" title="Constitution of New Zealand">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_New_Zealand" title="Elections in New Zealand">Elections</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Electoral_system_of_New_Zealand" title="Electoral system of New Zealand">Electoral system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_New_Zealand" title="List of political parties in New Zealand">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voting_in_New_Zealand" class="mw-redirect" title="Voting in New Zealand">Voting</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_New_Zealand" title="Foreign relations of New Zealand">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gun_law_in_New_Zealand" title="Gun law in New Zealand">Gun law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_New_Zealand" title="Human rights in New Zealand">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Disability_rights_in_New_Zealand" title="Disability rights in New Zealand">Disability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_rights_in_New_Zealand" title="Intersex rights in New Zealand">Intersex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_New_Zealand" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in New Zealand">LGBT</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_New_Zealand" title="Judiciary of New Zealand">Judiciary</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_New_Zealand" title="Supreme Court of New Zealand">Supreme Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_Justice_of_New_Zealand" title="Chief Justice of New Zealand">Chief Justice</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_New_Zealand" title="Law of New Zealand">Law</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_New_Zealand" class="mw-redirect" title="Law enforcement in New Zealand">enforcement</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_politics" title="Māori politics">Māori politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Defence_Force" title="New Zealand Defence Force">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_New_Zealand" title="Monarchy of New Zealand">Monarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Official_Opposition_(New_Zealand)" title="Official Opposition (New Zealand)">Official Opposition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Parliament" title="New Zealand Parliament">Parliament</a> (<a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_House_of_Representatives" title="New Zealand House of Representatives">House of Representatives</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_funding_in_New_Zealand" title="Political funding in New Zealand">Political funding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_public_sector_organisations_in_New_Zealand" title="List of public sector organisations in New Zealand">Public sector</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Government" title="New Zealand Government">Government</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_New_Zealand" title="Cabinet of New Zealand">Cabinet</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_New_Zealand_governments" title="List of New Zealand governments">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor-General_of_New_Zealand" title="Governor-General of New Zealand">Governor-General</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_governors-general_of_New_Zealand" title="List of governors-general of New Zealand">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministers_in_the_New_Zealand_Government" title="Ministers in the New Zealand Government">Ministers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_New_Zealand" title="Prime Minister of New Zealand">Prime Minister</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_New_Zealand" title="List of prime ministers of New Zealand">list</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_New_Zealand" title="Economy of New Zealand">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_New_Zealand" title="Agriculture in New Zealand">Agriculture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dairy_farming_in_New_Zealand" title="Dairy farming in New Zealand">Dairy farming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_wine" title="New Zealand wine">Wine industry</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_companies_of_New_Zealand" title="List of companies of New Zealand">Companies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_dollar" title="New Zealand dollar">Dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_New_Zealand" title="Energy in New Zealand">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Information_technology_industry_in_New_Zealand" title="Information technology industry in New Zealand">Information technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manufacturing_in_New_Zealand" title="Manufacturing in New Zealand">Manufacturing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mining_in_New_Zealand" title="Mining in New Zealand">Mining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_New_Zealand" title="Poverty in New Zealand">Poverty</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Child_poverty_in_New_Zealand" title="Child poverty in New Zealand">Child poverty</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reserve_Bank_of_New_Zealand" title="Reserve Bank of New Zealand">Reserve Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rogernomics" title="Rogernomics">Rogernomics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welfare_in_New_Zealand" title="Welfare in New Zealand">Social welfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxation_in_New_Zealand" title="Taxation in New Zealand">Taxation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_New_Zealand" title="Telecommunications in New Zealand">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_New_Zealand" title="Tourism in New Zealand">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_New_Zealand" title="Transport in New Zealand">Transportation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_New_Zealand" title="Rail transport in New Zealand">Rail transport</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_New_Zealand" title="Category:Society of New Zealand">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_New_Zealand" title="Abortion in New Zealand">Abortion</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Citizenship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_New_Zealand" title="Crime in New Zealand">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_New_Zealand" title="Demographics of New Zealand">Demographics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ethnic_origins_of_New_Zealanders" title="List of ethnic origins of New Zealanders">Ethnic origins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_inequality_in_New_Zealand" title="Gender inequality in New Zealand">Gender inequality</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_New_Zealand" title="Education in New Zealand">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euthanasia_in_New_Zealand" title="Euthanasia in New Zealand">Euthanasia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_equality_in_New_Zealand" class="mw-redirect" title="Gender equality in New Zealand">Gender equality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_in_New_Zealand" title="Health in New Zealand">Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_New_Zealand" title="Healthcare in New Zealand">Healthcare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_New_Zealand" title="Homelessness in New Zealand">Homelessness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Housing_in_New_Zealand" title="Housing in New Zealand">Housing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_New_Zealand" title="Immigration to New Zealand">Immigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irreligion_in_New_Zealand" title="Irreligion in New Zealand">Irreligion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_New_Zealand" title="Languages of New Zealand">Languages</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_language" title="Māori language">Māori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_English" title="New Zealand English">New Zealand English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Sign_Language" title="New Zealand Sign Language">New Zealand Sign Language</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_in_New_Zealand" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT in New Zealand">LGBT issues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naturism_in_New_Zealand" title="Naturism in New Zealand">Naturism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealanders" title="New Zealanders">People</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kiwi_(nickname)" title="Kiwi (nickname)">"Kiwi"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_people" title="Māori people">Māori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_New_Zealand" title="Women in New Zealand">Women</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostitution_in_New_Zealand" title="Prostitution in New Zealand">Prostitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_New_Zealand" title="Religion in New Zealand">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Structural_discrimination_in_New_Zealand" title="Structural discrimination in New Zealand">Structural discrimination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waste_in_New_Zealand" title="Waste in New Zealand">Waste</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_New_Zealand" title="Culture of New Zealand">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_New_Zealand" title="Architecture of New Zealand">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_art" title="New Zealand art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_New_Zealand" title="Cinema of New Zealand">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_cuisine" title="New Zealand cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_literature" title="New Zealand literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_culture" title="Māori culture">Māori culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_media_in_New_Zealand" title="Mass media in New Zealand">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_New_Zealand" title="Music of New Zealand">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Performing_arts_of_New_Zealand" class="mw-redirect" title="Performing arts of New Zealand">Performing arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_New_Zealand" title="Public holidays in New Zealand">Public holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_in_New_Zealand" title="Radio in New Zealand">Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_New_Zealand" title="Sport in New Zealand">Sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_symbols_of_New_Zealand" title="National symbols of New Zealand">Symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_New_Zealand" title="Television in New Zealand">Television</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div><div style="margin-bottom:-0.4em;"><ul><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_New_Zealand" title="Outline of New Zealand">Outline</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:New_Zealand" title="Category:New Zealand">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:New_Zealand" title="Portal:New Zealand">Portal</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-item{display:inline-block;margin:0.15em 0.2em;min-height:24px;line-height:24px}@media screen and (max-width:768px){.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;flex-flow:column wrap;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{text-align:center;flex:0;padding-left:0.5em;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;align-items:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;align-items:center;flex:0;column-gap:1em;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0 auto;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none;margin:0;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><span class="portal-bar-header"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portal</a>:</span><ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/21px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/32px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/42px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:New_Zealand" title="Portal:New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li></ul></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=New_Zealand_nationality_law&oldid=1255734148">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=New_Zealand_nationality_law&oldid=1255734148</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:New_Zealand_nationality_law" title="Category:New Zealand nationality law">New Zealand nationality law</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Immigration_to_New_Zealand" title="Category:Immigration to New Zealand">Immigration to New Zealand</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:New_Zealand_and_the_Commonwealth_of_Nations" title="Category:New Zealand and the Commonwealth of Nations">New Zealand and the Commonwealth of Nations</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Foreign_relations_of_New_Zealand" title="Category:Foreign relations of New Zealand">Foreign relations of New Zealand</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Featured_articles" title="Category:Featured articles">Featured articles</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_January_2020" title="Category:Use dmy dates from January 2020">Use dmy dates from January 2020</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_New_Zealand_English_from_November_2024" title="Category:Use New Zealand English from November 2024">Use New Zealand English from November 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_Wikipedia_articles_written_in_New_Zealand_English" title="Category:All Wikipedia articles written in New Zealand English">All Wikipedia articles written in New Zealand English</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 6 November 2024, at 11:03<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=New_Zealand_nationality_law&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-694cf4987f-bzqdx","wgBackendResponseTime":184,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"1.080","walltime":"1.243","ppvisitednodes":{"value":11844,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":296020,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":29498,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":14,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":31,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":195583,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1013.500 1 -total"," 26.54% 268.936 109 Template:Sfn"," 14.13% 143.215 1 Template:Reflist"," 11.45% 116.071 1 Template:Infobox_legislation"," 10.90% 110.476 23 Template:Cite_journal"," 10.67% 108.159 1 Template:Infobox"," 10.40% 105.444 7 Template:Navbox"," 7.66% 77.634 1 Template:Commonwealth_citizenship"," 7.00% 70.895 1 Template:Cite_hansard"," 6.13% 62.144 1 Template:New_Zealand_topics"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.643","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":8071847,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"anchor_id_list = table#1 {\n [\"CITEREFAliens_Act_1866\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBaldwin2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBeaglehole2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBloom2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBourassaStrong2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBritish_Nationality_and_New_Zealand_Citizenship_Act_1948\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCitizenship_Act_1977\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDawkins1978\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEvans1972\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFairburn2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFleras1985\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFransman2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGosewinkel2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHansen1999\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHistorical_background_information_on_nationality\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJoseph2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKaratani2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKondo2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLee1889\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLloyd1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMansergh1952\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcGuinness2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcKay2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcMillan2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcMillanHood2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMelewarAlwi2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMercer2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMoloughneyStenhouse1999\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPaul1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPerham2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFQuentin-Baxter1987\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRay1918\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRyan2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSawyer2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSeuffert2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSpoonley2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTagupa1994\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFThwaites2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWade1948\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWilliams1980\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWilson1966\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"Cite book\"] = 10,\n [\"Cite hansard\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite journal\"] = 23,\n [\"Cite news\"] = 3,\n [\"Cite report\"] = 4,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 5,\n [\"Commonwealth citizenship\"] = 1,\n [\"Featured article\"] = 1,\n [\"Infobox legislation\"] = 1,\n [\"Main\"] = 1,\n [\"Nationality laws\"] = 1,\n [\"New Zealand topics\"] = 1,\n [\"Portal bar\"] = 1,\n [\"Refbegin\"] = 2,\n [\"Refend\"] = 2,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 1,\n [\"See also\"] = 4,\n [\"Sfn\"] = 109,\n [\"Sfnref\"] = 4,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n [\"TOC limit\"] = 1,\n [\"Use New Zealand English\"] = 1,\n [\"Use dmy dates\"] = 1,\n [\"Wikicite\"] = 3,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\n"},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-5ddd465f49-4qwjz","timestamp":"20241125215609","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"New Zealand nationality law","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/New_Zealand_nationality_law","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q7016282","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q7016282","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2005-07-27T02:26:01Z","dateModified":"2024-11-06T11:03:39Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/d\/d3\/Coat_of_arms_of_New_Zealand.svg","headline":"History and regulations of New Zealand citizenship"}</script> </body> </html>