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.entete.tennis{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Tennis_pictogram_white.svg/35px-Tennis_pictogram_white.svg.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.tennis-de-table{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Table_tennis_pictogram_white.svg/40px-Table_tennis_pictogram_white.svg.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.tennis-de-tableblack{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Table_tennis_pictogram.svg/35px-Table_tennis_pictogram.svg.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.timbre{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b3/Picto_infobox_Stamps.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.train{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3f/Infobox_train.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output 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.entete.volleyball{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Volleyball_%28indoor%29_pictogram.svg/35px-Volleyball_%28indoor%29_pictogram.svg.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.water-polo{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Water_polo_pictogram.svg/40px-Water_polo_pictogram.svg.png")no-repeat top right}</style> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r69600238">.mw-parser-output .infobox2{font-size:90%;clear:left;float:left;width:280px!important;margin:1px 1em 1px 0!important;line-height:1.6em;border-radius:1px}.mw-parser-output .entete{background-position:right center;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:45px 45px}.mw-parser-output .infobox2 .entete{vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;font-size:150%;font-weight:bolder;line-height:1.6em}.mw-parser-output .infobox2 .media{height:35px;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;font-weight:bolder}.mw-parser-output .infobox2 td{width:auto;vertical-align:top;padding-right:2px}.mw-parser-output .infobox2 th{vertical-align:top}.mw-parser-output .infobox2 th[scope="col"]{text-align:center;word-wrap:normal}.mw-parser-output .infobox2 th[scope="row"]{text-align:right;word-wrap:normal;vertical-align:top;padding-right:2px;max-width:30%;width:30%}.mw-parser-output .infobox2 caption{font-size:larger;margin-left:inherit}.mw-parser-output .infobox2.bordered{border-collapse:collapse}.mw-parser-output .infobox2.bordered td,.mw-parser-output .infobox2.bordered th{border:solid 1px #c8ccd1}.mw-parser-output .infobox2.bordered .borderless td,.mw-parser-output .infobox2.bordered .borderless th{border:0}.mw-parser-output .infobox2{background-color:#f8f9fa;border:solid 1px #c8ccd1;color:#202122}.mw-parser-output .infobox2 .entete{background-color:#E1E1E1;color:#000000}.mw-parser-output .infobox2 th[scope="col"]{background-color:#E1E1E1}.mw-parser-output .infobox2 th[scope="row"]{background-color:#F3F3F3}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox2{background-color:#212529!important;border:solid 1px #4b5156!important;color:#ffffff!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox2 .entete{background-color:#303540!important;color:#ffffff!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox2 td{background-color:#212529!important;color:#ffffff!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox2 th[scope="col"]:not(.entete){background-color:#343a40!important;color:#ffffff!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox2 th[scope="row"]{background-color:#2c3034!important;color:#ffffff!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox2 .navigation-only{border-top:2px #E1E1E1 dotted!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox2 a:link{text-decoration:initial!important;color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox2{background-color:#212529!important;border:solid 1px #4b5156!important;color:#ffffff!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox2 .entete{background-color:#303540!important;color:#ffffff!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox2 td{background-color:#212529!important;color:#ffffff!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox2 th[scope="col"]:not(.entete){background-color:#343a40!important;color:#ffffff!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox2 th[scope="row"]{background-color:#2c3034!important;color:#ffffff!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox2 .navigation-only{border-top:2px #E1E1E1 dotted!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox2 a:link{text-decoration:initial!important;color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}</style> <p><b>رئيس مجلس الإدارة</b> (<a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="اللغة الإنجليزية">بالإنجليزية</a>: <span class="mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr">Chairman</span>)‏ هو أعلى منصب لأي مجموعة منظمة مثل <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AC%D9%84%D8%B3_%D8%A5%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="مجلس إدارة">مجلس الإدارة</a> لشركة ما أو في . ويعين الشخص عادة في هذا المنصب عن طريق الترشيح أو التعيين من أعضاء مجلس الإدارة. ويدير رئيس مجلس الإدارة <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="اجتماع">الاجتماعات</a> وينظم عملها بطريقة منظمة.<sup id="cite_ref-Robert_1-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%B3_%D9%85%D8%AC%D9%84%D8%B3_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Robert-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%B3_%D9%85%D8%AC%D9%84%D8%B3_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <table class="infobox2 infobox" cellspacing="3px"> <tbody> <tr> <th scope="col" colspan="2" class="entete personne" style="line-height:1.5em; background-color:#848482;color:#ffffff">رئيس مجلس الإدارة</th> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color:#F9F9F9;color:#000000;"> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"> <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%81:Leena_Al-Hadid,_chairperson,_IAEA,_2018.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Leena_Al-Hadid%2C_chairperson%2C_IAEA%2C_2018.jpg/280px-Leena_Al-Hadid%2C_chairperson%2C_IAEA%2C_2018.jpg" decoding="async" width="280" height="187" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Leena_Al-Hadid%252C_chairperson%252C_IAEA%252C_2018.jpg/420px-Leena_Al-Hadid%252C_chairperson%252C_IAEA%252C_2018.jpg 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Leena_Al-Hadid%252C_chairperson%252C_IAEA%252C_2018.jpg/560px-Leena_Al-Hadid%252C_chairperson%252C_IAEA%252C_2018.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5568" data-file-height="3712"></a> <figcaption></figcaption> </figure></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="sm_th" style="text-align: right; background-color:#F3F3F3;" scope="row">تسمية الإناث</th> <td class="sm_td" style="">رئيسة مجلس الإدارة <span class="noprint"> <span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q140686%23P2521" title="تعديل قيمة خاصية (P2521) في ويكي بيانات"><img alt="تعديل قيمة خاصية (P2521) في ويكي بيانات" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Twemoji_270f.svg/13px-Twemoji_270f.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Twemoji_270f.svg/20px-Twemoji_270f.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Twemoji_270f.svg/26px-Twemoji_270f.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512"></a></span></span></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="sm_th" style="text-align: right; background-color:#F3F3F3;" scope="row">فرع من</th> <td class="sm_td" style=""><a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%D8%B2%D8%B9%D9%8A%D9%85_%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B8%D9%85%D8%A9&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="زعيم منظمة (الصفحة غير موجودة)">زعيم منظمة</a> <span style="font-size: smaller; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal;" class="noprint"> <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25713832%23sitelinks-wikipedia" class="extiw" title="d:Q25713832"><sup class="reference" title="عنصر (Q25713832) في لغات أخرى">[لغات أخرى]</sup></a></span>‏ <span class="noprint"> <span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q140686%23P279" title="تعديل قيمة خاصية (P279) في ويكي بيانات"><img alt="تعديل قيمة خاصية (P279) في ويكي بيانات" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Twemoji_270f.svg/13px-Twemoji_270f.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Twemoji_270f.svg/20px-Twemoji_270f.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Twemoji_270f.svg/26px-Twemoji_270f.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512"></a></span></span></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="navigation-only" colspan="2" style="border-top: 2px #E1E1E1 dotted; font-size: 80%; background:inherit; text-align: left;"><span class="plainlinks" style="float:right;"><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ar.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3D%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A6%25D9%258A%25D8%25B3_%25D9%2585%25D8%25AC%25D9%2584%25D8%25B3_%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25A5%25D8%25AF%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A9%26action%3Dedit%26section%3D0"><span style="color:var(--color-base--hover, #555);">تعديل مصدري</span></a> - <a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ar.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3D%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A6%25D9%258A%25D8%25B3_%25D9%2585%25D8%25AC%25D9%2584%25D8%25B3_%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25A5%25D8%25AF%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A9%26veaction%3Dedit"><span style="color:var(--color-base--hover, #555);">تعديل</span></a> </span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2582%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25A8:%25D8%25B5%25D9%2586%25D8%25AF%25D9%2588%25D9%2582_%25D9%2585%25D8%25B9%25D9%2584%25D9%2588%25D9%2585%25D8%25A7%25D8%25AA_%25D9%2585%25D9%2587%25D9%2586%25D8%25A9" title="طالع توثيق القالب"><img alt="طالع توثيق القالب" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/12px-Info_Simple.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/18px-Info_Simple.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/24px-Info_Simple.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512"></a></span></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="أصل_اللفظ"><span id=".D8.A3.D8.B5.D9.84_.D8.A7.D9.84.D9.84.D9.81.D8.B8"></span>أصل اللفظ</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%D8%B1%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%B3_%D9%85%D8%AC%D9%84%D8%B3_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9&action=edit&section=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="عدل القسم: أصل اللفظ" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>عدل</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <p>اللفط مُترجَم من <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="اللغة الإنجليزية">الإنجليزية</a>، ويحتوي على مصطلح "كُرسي - Chair"، ويُرجَّح بأن أصل هذا اللفظ، يرجع <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D9%83%D9%85%D8%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="بيت الحكمة">لبيت الحكمة</a>، حيث إن المؤدب والمعلم يجلس على كرسي عالٍ، بينما الطلاب يجلسون على الأرض بترتيب دائري.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%B3_%D9%85%D8%AC%D9%84%D8%B3_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="انظر_أيضًا"><span id=".D8.A7.D9.86.D8.B8.D8.B1_.D8.A3.D9.8A.D8.B6.D9.8B.D8.A7"></span>انظر أيضًا</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%D8%B1%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%B3_%D9%85%D8%AC%D9%84%D8%B3_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9&action=edit&section=2&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="عدل القسم: انظر أيضًا" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>عدل</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <ul> <li><a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AC%D9%84%D8%B3_%D8%A5%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="مجلس إدارة">مجلس إدارة</a></li> <li><a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%B1_%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0%D9%8A?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="مدير تنفيذي">مدير تنفيذي</a></li> </ul> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="مراجع"><span id=".D9.85.D8.B1.D8.A7.D8.AC.D8.B9"></span>مراجع</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%D8%B1%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%B3_%D9%85%D8%AC%D9%84%D8%B3_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9&action=edit&section=3&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="عدل القسم: مراجع" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>عدل</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r68964954">.mw-parser-output .reflist-wrap{overflow-y:auto;max-height:300px}.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:36em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:28em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-4{column-width:20em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}@media print{.mw-parser-output .reflist{overflow-y:visible!important;max-height:none!important}}</style> <div class="reflist-wrap"> <div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Robert-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%B3_%D9%85%D8%AC%D9%84%D8%B3_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Robert_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D9%82%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B7%D9%8A%D8%A9_(%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="قواعد النظام الديمقراطية (كتاب)">قواعد النظام الديمقراطية</a></i>, 10th edition, Perseus Books Group, Cambridge MA, 2000</span></li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%B3_%D9%85%D8%AC%D9%84%D8%B3_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r68982381">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")left 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Gender across languages: The Linguistic Representation of Women and Men (IMPACT: Studies in Language and Society)</i>. Amsterdam: Benjamins. 2001. ص. 125. <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A_%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%82%D9%8A%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="النظام القياسي الدولي لترقيم الكتب">ISBN</a>:<a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8/9027218412?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="خاص:مصادر كتاب/9027218412"><bdi>9027218412</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gender+across+languages%3A+The+Linguistic+Representation+of+Women+and+Men+%28IMPACT%3A+Studies+in+Language+and+Society%29&rft.place=Amsterdam&rft.pages=125&rft.pub=Benjamins&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=9027218412&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Far.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%B1%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%B3+%D9%85%D8%AC%D9%84%D8%B3+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8:%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%AF_%D8%A8%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="قالب:استشهاد بكتاب">استشهاد بكتاب</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|الأول=</code> باسم عام (<a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%A9:%D8%A3%D8%AE%D8%B7%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%AF?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#generic_name" title="مساعدة:أخطاء الاستشهاد">مساعدة</a>) و</span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">الوسيط <code class="cs1-code">|الأول=</code> يفتقد <code class="cs1-code">|الأخير=</code> (<a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%A9:%D8%A3%D8%AE%D8%B7%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%AF?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#first_missing_last" title="مساعدة:أخطاء الاستشهاد">مساعدة</a>)</span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%B3_%D9%85%D8%AC%D9%84%D8%B3_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">كتاب ألف اختراع واختراع، تأليف البروفيسور سليم الحسني، ناشنال جيوغرافك (National Geographic)، ومؤسسة العلوم والتكنولوجيا والحضارة (Foundation for Science Technology and Civilisation)، التراث الإسلامي في العلم، الفصل الثاني المدرسة، مقالة كرسي الأستاذ، الصفحتان 58 - 59</span></li> </ol> </div> </div> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r68409654">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageleft{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output 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class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 32px;height: 26px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Factory_1b.svg/32px-Factory_1b.svg.png" data-width="32" data-height="26" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Factory_1b.svg/48px-Factory_1b.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Factory_1b.svg/64px-Factory_1b.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></span><span class="bandeau-portail-texte"><a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A9:%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%AA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="بوابة:شركات">بوابة شركات</a></span></li> <li class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%81:Economy.png?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img 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href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A9:%D8%A5%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A3%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="بوابة:إدارة أعمال">بوابة إدارة أعمال</a></span></li> </ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r64185208">.mw-parser-output .asbox{position:relative;overflow:hidden;background-color:#f9f9f9;border:solid 1px #C0C0C0}.mw-parser-output .asbox table{background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .asbox p{margin:0}.mw-parser-output .asbox p+p{margin-top:0.25em}.mw-parser-output .asbox-body{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .asbox-note{font-size:smaller}.mw-parser-output .asbox .navbar{position:absolute;top:-0.75em;right:1em;display:none}</style> <div role="note" class="metadata plainlinks asbox stub"> <table role="presentation"> <tbody> <tr class="noresize"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%81:Economy.png?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img alt="أيقونة بذرة" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Economy.png/24px-Economy.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="20" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="760"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 24px;height: 20px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Economy.png/24px-Economy.png" data-alt="أيقونة بذرة" data-width="24" data-height="20" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Economy.png/36px-Economy.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Economy.png/47px-Economy.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></td> <td><p class="asbox-body">هذه <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A7:%D8%A8%D8%B0%D8%B1%D8%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ويكيبيديا:بذرة">بذرة</a> مقالة عن علم <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%AA%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%AF?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="اقتصاد">الاقتصاد</a> أو موضوع متعلق به بحاجة للتوسيع. فضلًا <a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ar.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3D%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A6%25D9%258A%25D8%25B3_%25D9%2585%25D8%25AC%25D9%2584%25D8%25B3_%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25A5%25D8%25AF%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A9%26action%3Dedit">شارك</a> في تحريرها.</p></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </section> </div> <noscript> <img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=mobile&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: 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class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%2585%25E0%25A4%25A7%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25AF%25E0%25A4%2595%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B7" title="अध्यक्ष – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="अध्यक्ष" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A6%259A%25E0%25A7%2587%25E0%25A6%25AF%25E0%25A6%25BC%25E0%25A6%25BE%25E0%25A6%25B0%25E0%25A6%25AE%25E0%25A7%258D%25E0%25A6%25AF%25E0%25A6%25BE%25E0%25A6%25A8" title="চেয়ারম্যান – البنغالية" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="চেয়ারম্যান" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="البنغالية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25B3%25DB%2595%25D8%25B1%25DB%2586%25DA%25A9" title="سەرۆک – السورانية الكردية" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="سەرۆک" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="السورانية الكردية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%25C5%2599edseda" title="Předseda – التشيكية" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Předseda" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="التشيكية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2595%25D1%2580%25D1%2582%25D3%25B3%25C3%25A7%25C4%2595" title="Ертӳçĕ – التشوفاشي" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Ертӳçĕ" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="التشوفاشي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadeirydd" title="Cadeirydd – الويلزية" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Cadeirydd" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="الويلزية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formand" title="Formand – الدانمركية" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Formand" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="الدانمركية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vorsitzender" title="Vorsitzender – الألمانية" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Vorsitzender" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="الألمانية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chair_(officer)" title="Chair (officer) – الإنجليزية" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Chair (officer)" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="الإنجليزية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A6%25DB%258C%25D8%25B3_%25D9%2587%25DB%258C%25D8%25A6%25D8%25AA_%25D9%2585%25D8%25AF%25DB%258C%25D8%25B1%25D9%2587" title="رئیس هیئت مدیره – الفارسية" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="رئیس هیئت مدیره" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="الفارسية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puheenjohtaja" title="Puheenjohtaja – الفنلندية" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Puheenjohtaja" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="الفنلندية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foarsitter" title="Foarsitter – الفريزيان" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Foarsitter" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="الفريزيان" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D7%2599%25D7%2595%25D7%25A9%25D7%2591_%25D7%25A8%25D7%2590%25D7%25A9" title="יושב ראש – العبرية" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="יושב ראש" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="العبرية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%2585%25E0%25A4%25A7%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25AF%25E0%25A4%2595%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B7" title="अध्यक्ष – الهندية" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="अध्यक्ष" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="الهندية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ketua" title="Ketua – الإندونيسية" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Ketua" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="الإندونيسية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forma%25C3%25B0ur" title="Formaður – الأيسلندية" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Formaður" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="الأيسلندية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E4%25BC%259A%25E9%2595%25B7" title="会長 – اليابانية" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="会長" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="اليابانية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B2%2585%25E0%25B2%25A7%25E0%25B3%258D%25E0%25B2%25AF%25E0%25B2%2595%25E0%25B3%258D%25E0%25B2%25B7" title="ಅಧ್ಯಕ್ಷ – الكانادا" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಅಧ್ಯಕ್ಷ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="الكانادا" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25ED%259A%258C%25EC%259E%25A5" title="회장 – الكورية" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="회장" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="الكورية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pirmininkas" title="Pirmininkas – الليتوانية" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Pirmininkas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="الليتوانية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B4%2585%25E0%25B4%25A6%25E0%25B5%258D%25E0%25B4%25A7%25E0%25B5%258D%25E0%25B4%25AF%25E0%25B4%2595%25E0%25B5%258D%25E0%25B4%25B7%25E0%25B5%25BB" title="അദ്ധ്യക്ഷൻ – المالايالامية" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="അദ്ധ്യക്ഷൻ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="المالايالامية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pengerusi" title="Pengerusi – الماليزية" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Pengerusi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="الماليزية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%2585%25E0%25A4%25A7%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25AF%25E0%25A4%2595%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B7" title="अध्यक्ष – النيبالية" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="अध्यक्ष" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="النيبالية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voorzitter" title="Voorzitter – الهولندية" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Voorzitter" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="الهولندية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Styreleiar" title="Styreleiar – النرويجية نينورسك" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Styreleiar" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="النرويجية نينورسك" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Styreleder" title="Styreleder – النرويجية بوكمال" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Styreleder" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="النرويجية بوكمال" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A8%25B8%25E0%25A8%25AD%25E0%25A8%25BE%25E0%25A8%25AA%25E0%25A8%25A4%25E0%25A9%2580" title="ਸਭਾਪਤੀ – البنجابية" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਸਭਾਪਤੀ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="البنجابية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Przewodnicz%25C4%2585cy" title="Przewodniczący – البولندية" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Przewodniczący" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="البولندية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25DA%25A9%25D9%258F%25D8%25B1%25D8%25B3%25DB%258C_%25D9%2588%25D8%25A7%25DD%25A8" title="کُرسی واݨ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="کُرسی واݨ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259F%25D1%2580%25D0%25B5%25D0%25B4%25D1%2581%25D0%25B5%25D0%25B4%25D0%25B0%25D1%2582%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BB%25D1%258C" title="Председатель – الروسية" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Председатель" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="الروسية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chairperson" title="Chairperson – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Chairperson" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Predseda" title="Predseda – السلوفاكية" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Predseda" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="السلوفاكية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sachigaro" title="Sachigaro – الشونا" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Sachigaro" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="الشونا" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kryetari" title="Kryetari – الألبانية" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Kryetari" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="الألبانية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ordf%25C3%25B6rande" title="Ordförande – السويدية" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Ordförande" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="السويدية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B0%259B%25E0%25B1%2588%25E0%25B0%25B0%25E0%25B1%258D%25E2%2580%258C%25E0%25B0%25AA%25E0%25B0%25B0%25E0%25B1%258D%25E0%25B0%25B8%25E0%25B0%25A8%25E0%25B1%258D" title="ఛైర్‌పర్సన్ – التيلوغوية" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ఛైర్‌పర్సన్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="التيلوغوية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A0%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B8%25D1%2581" title="Раис – الطاجيكية" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Раис" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="الطاجيكية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ba%25C5%259Fkan_(i%25C5%259F_d%25C3%25BCnyas%25C4%25B1)" title="Başkan (iş dünyası) – التركية" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Başkan (iş dünyası)" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="التركية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2593%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BB%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B2%25D0%25B0_(%25D0%25BF%25D0%25BE%25D1%2581%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B4%25D0%25B0)" title="Голова (посада) – الأوكرانية" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Голова (посада)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="الأوكرانية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25B5%25D8%25AF%25D8%25B1_%25D9%2586%25D8%25B4%25DB%258C%25D9%2586" title="صدر نشین – الأوردية" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="صدر نشین" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="الأوردية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D7%2599%25D7%2595%25D7%25A9%25D7%2591_%25D7%25A8%25D7%2590%25D7%25A9" title="יושב ראש – اليديشية" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="יושב ראש" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="اليديشية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E4%25B8%25BB%25E5%25B8%25AD" title="主席 – الصينية" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="主席" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="الصينية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%25C3%25BA-se%25CC%258Dk" title="Chú-se̍k – مين-نان الصينية" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Chú-se̍k" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="مين-نان الصينية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E4%25B8%25BB%25E5%25B8%25AD" title="主席 – الكَنْتُونية" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="主席" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="الكَنْتُونية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"> <img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-ar.svg" alt="ويكيبيديا" width="112" height="39" style="width: 7em; height: 2.4375em;"> </div> <ul id="footer-info" class="footer-info hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod">آخر تعديل لهذه الصفحة كان يوم 30 أكتوبر 2024، الساعة 10:16.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">المحتوى متاح 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