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class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Scottish diaspora</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Ethnic group</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Scottish diaspora</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Cemit%C3%A9rio_Brit%C3%A2nico,_Funchal,_Madeira_-_2020-12-07_-_IMG_0958.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Cemit%C3%A9rio_Brit%C3%A2nico%2C_Funchal%2C_Madeira_-_2020-12-07_-_IMG_0958.jpg/220px-Cemit%C3%A9rio_Brit%C3%A2nico%2C_Funchal%2C_Madeira_-_2020-12-07_-_IMG_0958.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Cemit%C3%A9rio_Brit%C3%A2nico%2C_Funchal%2C_Madeira_-_2020-12-07_-_IMG_0958.jpg/330px-Cemit%C3%A9rio_Brit%C3%A2nico%2C_Funchal%2C_Madeira_-_2020-12-07_-_IMG_0958.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Cemit%C3%A9rio_Brit%C3%A2nico%2C_Funchal%2C_Madeira_-_2020-12-07_-_IMG_0958.jpg/440px-Cemit%C3%A9rio_Brit%C3%A2nico%2C_Funchal%2C_Madeira_-_2020-12-07_-_IMG_0958.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="4608" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Grave of the MacFarland sisters of <a href="/wiki/Edinburgh" title="Edinburgh">Edinburgh</a>, <a href="/wiki/British_Cemetery_of_Funchal" title="British Cemetery of Funchal">British Cemetery of Funchal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Madeira" title="Madeira">Madeira</a></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Total population</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 28–40 million</span> worldwide<sup><small>A</small></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ScotGovt_2009_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ScotGovt_2009-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Regions with significant populations</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div style="line-height:1.3em;"><span data-sort-value="Scotland"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Flag_of_Scotland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Scotland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Flag_of_Scotland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Scotland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Flag_of_Scotland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Scotland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a></span><span class="nowrap">   </span>4,446,000 (2011)<br /><small>(Scottish descent only.)</small><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span data-sort-value="United States"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></span><sup><small>B</small></sup></th><td class="infobox-data">5,393,554 – 6,006,955<span style="position: relative; top: 0.6em;"><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span data-sort-value="Canada"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a></span><sup><small>C</small></sup></th><td class="infobox-data">4,719,850<span style="position: relative; top: 0.6em;"><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span data-sort-value="Australia"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a></span><sup><small>H</small></sup></th><td class="infobox-data">1,792,600<span style="position: relative; top: 0.6em;"><sup id="cite_ref-abs.gov.au_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-abs.gov.au-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span data-sort-value="England"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/23px-Flag_of_England.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/35px-Flag_of_England.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/46px-Flag_of_England.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="480" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a></span><sup><small>D</small></sup></th><td class="infobox-data">795,000</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span data-sort-value="Argentina"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/35px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/46px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data">100,000<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><span style="position: relative; top: 0.6em;"></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span data-sort-value="Brazil"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/22px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/33px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/43px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data">80,000<span style="position: relative; top: 0.6em;"></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span data-sort-value="France"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data">45,000<span style="position: relative; top: 0.6em;"></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span data-sort-value="Poland"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data">15,000<span style="position: relative; top: 0.6em;"></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span data-sort-value="New Zealand"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/23px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/35px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/46px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a></span><sup><small>F</small></sup></th><td class="infobox-data">12,792<span style="position: relative; top: 0.6em;"><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span data-sort-value="South Africa"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a></span><sup><small>F</small></sup></th><td class="infobox-data">11,160<span style="position: relative; top: 0.6em;"></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span data-sort-value="Isle of Man"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_the_Isle_of_Man.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Isle_of_Man.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_the_Isle_of_Man.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Isle_of_Man.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_the_Isle_of_Man.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Isle_of_Man.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Man" title="Isle of Man">Isle of Man</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data">2,403<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span data-sort-value="Hong Kong"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg/35px-Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg/45px-Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></span><sup><small>G</small></sup></th><td class="infobox-data">1,459<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span data-sort-value="Philippines"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data">1,403</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span data-sort-value="Norway"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/21px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/32px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/41px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="372" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data">1,400</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span data-sort-value="Spain"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data">1,390</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span data-sort-value="Netherlands"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data">1,380</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span data-sort-value="Switzerland"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/16px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/24px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/32px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span>  </span><a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data">1,377</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span data-sort-value="Germany"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data">1,373</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span data-sort-value="Italy"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data">1,370</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span data-sort-value="Sweden"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data">1,367</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Languages</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Scottish_English" title="Scottish English">Scottish English</a> • <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Gaelic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Scottish Gaelic language">Scottish Gaelic</a> •  <a href="/wiki/Scots_language" title="Scots language">Scots</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Religion</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Presbyterianism" title="Presbyterianism">Presbyterianism</a> • <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholicism">Roman Catholicism</a> • <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Episcopal_Church" title="Scottish Episcopal Church">Episcopalianism</a> • <a href="/wiki/Deist" class="mw-redirect" title="Deist">deists</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="padding-top:0.5em;text-align:left;"><hr /><sup><small>A</small></sup> These figures are estimates based on official<br /><span style="padding-left:0.4em;"> </span>census data of populations and official surveys of<br /><span style="padding-left:0.4em;"> </span>identity.<span style="position: relative; top: 0.2em;"><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span><br /><sup><small>B</small></sup> <a href="/wiki/Scottish_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Scottish American">Scottish Americans</a> and <a href="/wiki/Scotch-Irish_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Scotch-Irish American">Scotch-Irish Americans</a>.<br /><sup><small>C</small></sup> <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Canadian" class="mw-redirect" title="Scottish Canadian">Scottish Canadians</a>.<br /><sup><small>D</small></sup> Scottish-born people in England only<br /><sup><small>E</small></sup> <a href="/wiki/Ulster_Scots_people" title="Ulster Scots people">Ulster-Scots</a><br /><sup><small>F</small></sup> <span style="color: #ff0000"> missing</span><br /><sup><small>G</small></sup> Number of people born in Scotland. <span style="color: #ff0000"> missing</span><br /><sup><small>H</small></sup><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Australians" title="Scottish Australians">Scottish Australians</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Scottish diaspora</b> consists of <a href="/wiki/Scottish_people" title="Scottish people">Scottish people</a> who <a href="/wiki/Emigrated" class="mw-redirect" title="Emigrated">emigrated</a> from <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a> and their <a href="/wiki/Lineal_descendant" title="Lineal descendant">descendants</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Diaspora" title="Diaspora">diaspora</a> is concentrated in countries such as the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a>, <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a>, <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ireland" title="Ireland">Ireland</a> and to a lesser extent <a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a>. The Scottish diaspora has been estimated by the <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Government" title="Scottish Government">Scottish Government</a> to be between 28 and 40 million people worldwide.<sup id="cite_ref-ScotGovt_2009_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ScotGovt_2009-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other estimates have ranged as high as 80 million.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to Marjory Harper (2003) of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Aberdeen" title="University of Aberdeen">University of Aberdeen</a>, Scottish emigrants and their descendants have maintained connections to Scotland though formal and informal means including "church, school and Scottish society" and "place names, correspondence, family and community networks, and <a href="/wiki/Chain_migration" title="Chain migration">chain migration</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Rogers_Brubaker" title="Rogers Brubaker">Rogers Brubaker</a> (2005) wrote that immigrants from Scotland have regarded the ancestral homeland as "an authoritative source of value, identity and loyalty".<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Lauren Brancaz (2016) of the <a href="/wiki/Centre_for_Breton_and_Celtic_Research" class="mw-redirect" title="Centre for Breton and Celtic Research">Centre for Breton and Celtic Research</a>: "Scottish culture has not been contained within the borders of Scotland. It has lived on in the minds of migrants who have remained attached to it".<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Americas">Americas</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scottish_diaspora&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Americas"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Argentina">Argentina</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scottish_diaspora&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Argentina"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Argentines" title="Scottish Argentines">Scottish Argentines</a></div> <p>A Scottish Argentine population has existed at least since 1825.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are an estimated 100,000 <a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Argentina" title="Demographics of Argentina">Argentines</a> of <a href="/wiki/Scottish_people" title="Scottish people">Scottish</a> ancestry, the most of any country outside the <a href="/wiki/English-speaking_world" title="English-speaking world">English-speaking world</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Scottish Argentines have been incorrectly referred to as English.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Brazil">Brazil</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scottish_diaspora&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Brazil"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Brazilians" title="Scottish Brazilians">Scottish Brazilians</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Canada">Canada</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scottish_diaspora&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Canada"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Canadians" title="Scottish Canadians">Scottish Canadians</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Gaelic" title="Canadian Gaelic">Canadian Gaelic</a></div> <p>Scottish people have a long history in Canada, dating back several centuries. Many towns, rivers and mountains have been named in honour of Scottish explorers and traders such as <a href="/wiki/Mackenzie_Bay" title="Mackenzie Bay">Mackenzie Bay</a> and the major city of <a href="/wiki/Calgary" title="Calgary">Calgary</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alberta" title="Alberta">Alberta</a>, is named after <a href="/wiki/Calgary,_Mull" title="Calgary, Mull">a Scottish beach</a>. Most notably, the <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Ocean" title="Atlantic Ocean">Atlantic</a> province of <a href="/wiki/Nova_Scotia" title="Nova Scotia">Nova Scotia</a> is <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> for New Scotland. Once Scots formed the vanguard of the movement of Europeans across the continent. In more modern times, emigrants from Scotland have played a leading role in the social, political and economic history of Canada, being prominent in <a href="/wiki/Bank" title="Bank">banking</a>, <a href="/wiki/Labour_union" class="mw-redirect" title="Labour union">labour unions</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Politics" title="Politics">politics</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The first documented Scottish settlement in the Americas was of <a href="/wiki/Nova_Scotia" title="Nova Scotia">Nova Scotia</a> (New Scotland) in 1629. On 29 September 1621, the charter for the foundation of a colony was granted by <a href="/wiki/James_I_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="James I of England">James VI of Scotland</a> to Sir <a href="/wiki/William_Alexander,_1st_Earl_of_Stirling" title="William Alexander, 1st Earl of Stirling">William Alexander</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Between 1622 and 1628, Sir William launched four attempts to send colonists to Nova Scotia; all failed for various reasons. A successful occupation of Nova Scotia was finally achieved in 1629. The colony's charter, in law, made Nova Scotia (defined as all land between <a href="/wiki/Newfoundland_(island)" title="Newfoundland (island)">Newfoundland</a> and <a href="/wiki/New_England" title="New England">New England</a>) a part of mainland Scotland. The Scots have influenced the cultural mix of Nova Scotia for centuries and constitute the largest ethnic group in the province, at 29.3% of its population. Many Scottish immigrants were monoglot <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Gaelic" title="Scottish Gaelic">Scottish Gaelic</a> speakers from the <a href="/wiki/G%C3%A0idhealtachd" title="Gàidhealtachd">Gàidhealtachd</a> (<a href="/wiki/Scottish_Highlands" title="Scottish Highlands">Scottish Highlands</a>). <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Gaelic" title="Canadian Gaelic">Canadian Gaelic</a> was spoken as the first language in much of "Anglophone" Canada, such as Nova Scotia, <a href="/wiki/Prince_Edward_Island" title="Prince Edward Island">Prince Edward Island</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Glengarry_County" class="mw-redirect" title="Glengarry County">Glengarry County</a> in Ontario. Gaelic was the third most commonly spoken language in Canada.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As the third-largest <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_group" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnic group">ethnic group</a> in Canada and amongst the first Europeans to settle in the country, Scottish people have made a large impact on Canadian culture since colonial times. According to the <a href="/wiki/Canada_2011_Census" class="mw-redirect" title="Canada 2011 Census">2011 Census of Canada</a>, the number of Canadians claiming full or partial Scottish descent is 4,714,970,<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or 15.10% of the nation's total population. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Chile">Chile</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scottish_diaspora&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Chile"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Chileans" title="Scottish Chileans">Scottish Chileans</a></div> <p>A large proportion of Scottish Chileans are sheep farmers in the <a href="/wiki/Magallanes_y_la_Ant%C3%A1rtica_Chilena_Region" class="mw-redirect" title="Magallanes y la Antártica Chilena Region">Magallanes</a> region of the far south of the country, and the city of <a href="/wiki/Punta_Arenas" title="Punta Arenas">Punta Arenas</a> has a large Scottish foundation dating back to the 18th century. A famous Scot, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Cochrane,_10th_Earl_of_Dundonald" title="Thomas Cochrane, 10th Earl of Dundonald">Thomas, Lord Cochrane</a> (later 10th Earl of Dundonald) formed the <a href="/wiki/Chilean_Navy" title="Chilean Navy">Chilean Navy</a> to help liberate Chile from Spain in the independence period. Chile developed a strong diplomatic relationship with <a href="/wiki/Great_Britain" title="Great Britain">Great Britain</a> and invited more <a href="/wiki/British_people" title="British people">British</a> settlers to the country in the 19th century. </p><p>The Chilean government land deals invited settlement from Scotland and Wales in its southern provinces in the 1840s and 1850s. The number of Scottish Chileans is still higher in <a href="/wiki/Patagonia" title="Patagonia">Patagonia</a> and Magallanes regions. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Mackay_School" title="The Mackay School">The Mackay School</a></i>, in <a href="/wiki/Vi%C3%B1a_del_Mar" title="Viña del Mar">Viña del Mar</a> is an example of a school set up by Scottish Chileans. The Scottish and other British Chileans are primarily found in higher education as well in economic management and the country's cultural life. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_States">United States</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scottish_diaspora&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: United States"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Americans" title="Scottish Americans">Scottish Americans</a></div> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Scottish ancestry in the United States, 1700–2013 </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Year </th> <th>Ethnic group </th> <th>Population </th> <th>% of total population </th> <th>Ref. </th></tr> <tr> <td>1700 <abbr title="estimate">est.</abbr> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Scottish_people" title="Scottish people">Scottish</a> </td> <td>7,526 </td> <td>3.0% </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-Boyer_&_Clark_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Boyer_&_Clark-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Purvis_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Purvis-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1755 est. </td> <td>Scottish & Scots-Irish </td> <td> </td> <td>4.0% & 7.0% (11.0%) </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-Boyer_&_Clark_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Boyer_&_Clark-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1775 est. </td> <td>Scottish & Scots-Irish </td> <td> </td> <td>6.6% & 7.8% (14.4%) </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1790_United_States_Census" class="mw-redirect" title="1790 United States Census">1790</a> est. </td> <td>Scottish & Scots-Irish </td> <td> </td> <td>6.6% & 4.8% (11.4%) </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1980_United_States_Census" class="mw-redirect" title="1980 United States Census">1980</a> </td> <td>Scottish </td> <td>10,048,816 </td> <td>4.44% </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1990_United_States_Census" class="mw-redirect" title="1990 United States Census">1990</a> </td> <td>Scottish & Scots-Irish </td> <td>5,393,581 & 5,617,773 </td> <td>2.2% & 2.3% (4.5%) </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_Census" class="mw-redirect" title="2000 United States Census">2000</a> </td> <td>Scottish & Scots-Irish </td> <td>4,890,581 & 4,319,232 </td> <td>1.7% & 1.5% (3.2%) </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2010 <small>(<a href="/wiki/American_Community_Survey" title="American Community Survey">ACS</a>)</small> </td> <td>Scottish & Scots-Irish </td> <td>5,460,679 & 3,257,161 </td> <td>1.9% & 3.1% (5%) </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-auto_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2013 <small>(ACS)</small> </td> <td>Scottish & Scots-Irish </td> <td>5,310,285 & 2,976,878 </td> <td>1.7% & 1% (2.7%) </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-auto_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The table shows the ethnic Scottish population in the United States from 1700 to 2013. In 1700, the total population of the American colonies was 250,888 of whom 223,071 (89%) were white and 3.0% were ethnically Scottish.<sup id="cite_ref-Boyer_&_Clark_28-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Boyer_&_Clark-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Purvis_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Purvis-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 2000 census, 4.8 million Americans<sup id="cite_ref-Ref_y_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ref_y-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> self-reported Scottish ancestry, 1.7% of the total US population. Another 4.3 million self-reported <a href="/wiki/Scots-Irish_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Scots-Irish American">Scots-Irish ancestry</a>, for a total of 9.2 million Americans self-reporting some kind of Scottish descent. </p><p>The 2008 US Census <i>2008 <a href="/wiki/American_Community_Survey" title="American Community Survey">American Community Survey</a></i> figures showed approximately 5.8 million Americans self-identified as being of Scottish ancestry, and another 3.5 million Scots-Irish, for 9.3 million total.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the <i>2013 American Community Survey</i>, 5.3 ;million identified as Scottish and another nearly 3 million as of Scots-Irish descent, for about 8.3 million total.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Self-reported numbers are regarded by demographers as massive under-counts, because Scottish ancestry is known to be disproportionately under-reported among the majority of mixed ancestry,<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and because areas where people reported "American" ancestry were the places where, historically, Scottish and Scots-Irish <a href="/wiki/Protestants" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestants">Protestants</a> settled in <a href="/wiki/North_America" title="North America">North America</a> (that is: along the North American coast, <a href="/wiki/Appalachia" title="Appalachia">Appalachia</a>, and the Southeastern <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>). The number of actual Americans of Scottish descent today is estimated to be 20 to 25 million<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (up to 8.3% of the total US population), and Scots-Irish, 27 to 30 million<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (up to 10% of the total US population), the subgroups overlapping and not always distinguishable because of their shared ancestral <a href="/wiki/Surname" title="Surname">surnames</a>. </p><p>Large-scale emigration from Scotland to America began in the 1700s after the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Culloden" title="Battle of Culloden">Battle of Culloden</a>, when the <a href="/wiki/Jacobite_Uprising_of_1745#Aftermath" class="mw-redirect" title="Jacobite Uprising of 1745">Clan structures were broken up</a>. Anti-Catholic persecution<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the <a href="/wiki/Highland_Clearances" title="Highland Clearances">Highland Clearances</a> also obliged many Scottish <a href="/wiki/Gaels" title="Gaels">Gaels</a> to emigrate. The Scots went in search of a better life and settled in the thirteen colonies, mainly around <a href="/wiki/South_Carolina" title="South Carolina">South Carolina</a> and <a href="/wiki/Virginia" title="Virginia">Virginia</a>. </p><p>The majority of Scots-Irish originally came from <a href="/wiki/Lowland_Scotland" class="mw-redirect" title="Lowland Scotland">Lowland Scotland</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Borders" title="Scottish Borders">Scottish Borders</a> before migrating to the province of <a href="/wiki/Ulster" title="Ulster">Ulster</a> in <a href="/wiki/Ireland" title="Ireland">Ireland</a> mostly in the 17th century <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1033199720">.mw-parser-output div.crossreference{padding-left:0}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><span role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable crossreference">(see <a href="/wiki/Plantation_of_Ulster" title="Plantation of Ulster">Plantation of Ulster</a>)</span> and from there, beginning about five <a href="/wiki/Generation" title="Generation">generations</a> later, to North America in large numbers during the 18th century. </p><p>Later Scottish Americans descended from 19th-century Scottish immigrants tend to be concentrated in the West, while others in <a href="/wiki/New_England" title="New England">New England</a> are the descendants of immigrants from the <a href="/wiki/Maritime_Provinces" class="mw-redirect" title="Maritime Provinces">Maritime Provinces</a> of <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a>, especially in the 1920s. </p><p>Americans who identify themselves as of Scottish descent outnumber the population of Scotland, where 4,459,071 or 88.09% of people identified as ethnic Scottish in the 2000 Census.<sup id="cite_ref-Ref_y_37-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ref_y-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are many US-based <a href="/wiki/Scottish_clan" title="Scottish clan">Scottish clan</a> societies and other heritage organizations (such as the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Saint_Andrews_societies&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saint Andrews societies (page does not exist)">Saint Andrews societies</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Caledonian_societies&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Caledonian societies (page does not exist)">Caledonian societies</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=An_Comunn_G%C3%A0idhealach_America&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="An Comunn Gàidhealach America (page does not exist)">An Comunn Gàidhealach America</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Slighe_nan_G%C3%A0idheal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Slighe nan Gàidheal (page does not exist)">Slighe nan Gàidheal</a>), through which "Scottish migrants have remained attached to their homeland".<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Asia-Pacific">Asia-Pacific</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scottish_diaspora&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Asia-Pacific"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Australia">Australia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scottish_diaspora&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Australia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Australians" title="Scottish Australians">Scottish Australians</a></div> <table class="wikitable sortable" align="right"> <caption> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="5">Scottish ancestry in Australia, 1986–2011 (Census) </th></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:center;">Year </th> <th style="text-align:center;">Population </th> <th style="text-align:center;">Percent of pop. </th> <th style="text-align:center;">Ref </th></tr> <tr> <td>1986 </td> <td>740,522 </td> <td>4.7% </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-Khoo_&_McDonald_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Khoo_&_McDonald-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2001 </td> <td>540,046 </td> <td>2.9% </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-Khoo_&_McDonald_51-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Khoo_&_McDonald-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2006 </td> <td>1,501,200 </td> <td>7.6% </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-omi.wa.gov.au_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-omi.wa.gov.au-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2011 </td> <td>1,792,622 </td> <td>8.3% </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-omi.wa.gov.au_53-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-omi.wa.gov.au-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p>A steady rate of Scottish immigration continued into the 20th century, with substantial numbers of Scots continued to arrive after 1945.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (July 2023)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup> From 1900 until the 1950s, Scots favoured New South Wales, as well as Western Australia and Southern Australia.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> A strong cultural Scottish presence is evident in the Highland games, dance, Tartan day celebrations, Clan and Gaelic speaking societies found throughout modern Australia. </p><p>According to the 2011 Australian census 130,204 Australian residents were born in <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while 1,792,600 claimed Scottish ancestry, either alone or in combination with another ancestry.<sup id="cite_ref-abs.gov.au_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-abs.gov.au-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This is the fourth most commonly nominated ancestry and represents over 8.9% of the total population of Australia. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="New_Zealand">New Zealand</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scottish_diaspora&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: New Zealand"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Scottish_New_Zealanders" title="Scottish New Zealanders">Scottish New Zealanders</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:NZ_Religious_denominations_by_TA_2013.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/NZ_Religious_denominations_by_TA_2013.svg/290px-NZ_Religious_denominations_by_TA_2013.svg.png" decoding="async" width="290" height="215" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/NZ_Religious_denominations_by_TA_2013.svg/435px-NZ_Religious_denominations_by_TA_2013.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/NZ_Religious_denominations_by_TA_2013.svg/580px-NZ_Religious_denominations_by_TA_2013.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2104" data-file-height="1560" /></a><figcaption>The settlement of English in the North Island and northern South Island and Scottish in the Deep South is reflected in the dominance of Anglicanism and Presbyterianism in the respective regions.</figcaption></figure> <p>Scottish migration to New Zealand dates back to the earliest period of European colonisation, with a large proportion of <a href="/wiki/P%C4%81keh%C4%81" title="Pākehā">Pākehā</a> New Zealanders being of Scottish descent.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, identification as "British" or "European" New Zealanders can sometimes obscure their origin. Many Scottish New Zealanders also have <a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_people" title="Māori people">Māori</a> or other non-European ancestry. </p><p>The majority of Scottish immigrants settled in the South Island. All over New Zealand, the Scots developed different means to bridge the old homeland and the new. Many Caledonian societies were formed, well over 100 by the early twentieth century, who helped maintain Scottish culture and traditions. From the 1860s, these societies organised annual Caledonian Games throughout New Zealand. The games were sports meets that brought together Scottish settlers and the wider New Zealand public. In so doing, the games gave Scots a path to cultural integration as Scottish New Zealanders.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Lay Association of the <a href="/wiki/Free_Church_of_Scotland_(1843-1900)" class="mw-redirect" title="Free Church of Scotland (1843-1900)">Free Church of Scotland</a> founded <a href="/wiki/Dunedin" title="Dunedin">Dunedin</a> at the head of Otago Harbour in 1848 as the principal town of its <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scottish</a> settlement. The name comes from <i>Dùn Èideann</i>, the <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Gaelic" title="Scottish Gaelic">Scottish Gaelic</a> name for <a href="/wiki/Edinburgh" title="Edinburgh">Edinburgh</a>, the Scottish capital.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Charles_Kettle" title="Charles Kettle">Charles Kettle</a>, the city's surveyor, instructed to emulate the characteristics of Edinburgh, produced a striking, "Romantic" design. <sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The result was both grand and quirky streets as the builders struggled and sometimes failed to construct his bold vision across the challenging landscape. Captain <a href="/wiki/William_Cargill_(New_Zealand_politician)" title="William Cargill (New Zealand politician)">William Cargill</a>, a veteran of the war against Napoleon, was the secular leader. The Reverend <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Burns_(minister,_born_1796)" title="Thomas Burns (minister, born 1796)">Thomas Burns</a>, a nephew of the poet <a href="/wiki/Robert_Burns" title="Robert Burns">Robert Burns</a>, was the spiritual guide. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Europe">Europe</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scottish_diaspora&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Europe"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Denmark">Denmark</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scottish_diaspora&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Denmark"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>From 1570 to 1630, some 6,000 Scots served as mercenary soldiers of <a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFeduszka200955_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFeduszka200955-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="England">England</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scottish_diaspora&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: England"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As England is Scotland's only land neighbour, there has been significant Scottish migration to England since the <a href="/wiki/Union_of_the_Crowns" title="Union of the Crowns">Union of the Crowns</a> in 1603. London now has two <a href="/wiki/Church_of_Scotland" title="Church of Scotland">Church of Scotland</a> congregations, the ScotsCare charity (formerly the Royal Scottish Corporation), and Scottish social clubs. <a href="/wiki/Corby" title="Corby">Corby</a> has a significant Scottish population due to its historic steel industry.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="Probably none of this is wrong, but it needs sources nonetheless. (August 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="France">France</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scottish_diaspora&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: France"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:William_Davisson._Line_engraving_by_P._Lombart_after_D._Schu_Wellcome_V0001490.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/William_Davisson._Line_engraving_by_P._Lombart_after_D._Schu_Wellcome_V0001490.jpg/170px-William_Davisson._Line_engraving_by_P._Lombart_after_D._Schu_Wellcome_V0001490.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="263" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/William_Davisson._Line_engraving_by_P._Lombart_after_D._Schu_Wellcome_V0001490.jpg/255px-William_Davisson._Line_engraving_by_P._Lombart_after_D._Schu_Wellcome_V0001490.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/William_Davisson._Line_engraving_by_P._Lombart_after_D._Schu_Wellcome_V0001490.jpg/340px-William_Davisson._Line_engraving_by_P._Lombart_after_D._Schu_Wellcome_V0001490.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2015" data-file-height="3113" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/William_Davison_(physician)" title="William Davison (physician)">William Davidson</a>, court doctor of Kings of France and Poland</figcaption></figure> <p>Between 1570 and 1630, some 11,000 Scots served as mercenary soldiers of France.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFeduszka200955_61-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFeduszka200955-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/William_Davison_(physician)" title="William Davison (physician)">William Davidson</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1593</span>–<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1669</span>) was an authority on medicine, pharmacy and chemistry in France, court doctor of the French king, and the first native of the British Isles to become a professor of chemistry in France.<sup id="cite_ref-wda_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wda-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ireland">Ireland</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scottish_diaspora&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Ireland"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Ulster_Scots_people" title="Ulster Scots people">Ulster Scots people</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Plantations_of_Ireland" title="Plantations of Ireland">Plantations of Ireland</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gallowglass" title="Gallowglass">Gallowglass</a></div> <p>The Ulster-Scots, commonly known as Scots-Irish outside of Ireland, are an <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_group" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnic group">ethnic group</a> in <a href="/wiki/Ireland" title="Ireland">Ireland</a>, found mostly in the <a href="/wiki/Ulster" title="Ulster">Ulster</a> region and to a lesser extent in the rest of Ireland. Their ancestors were mostly <a href="/wiki/Protestant" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestant">Protestant</a> <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Lowlands" title="Scottish Lowlands">Lowland Scottish</a> migrants, the largest numbers coming from <a href="/wiki/Galloway" title="Galloway">Galloway</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lanarkshire" title="Lanarkshire">Lanarkshire</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stirlingshire" title="Stirlingshire">Stirlingshire</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ayrshire" title="Ayrshire">Ayrshire</a>, although some came from the <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Borders" title="Scottish Borders">Scottish Borders</a> region, and others from further north in the Scottish Lowlands (<a href="/wiki/Perthshire" title="Perthshire">Perthshire</a> and the <a href="/wiki/North_East_Scotland_(Scottish_Parliament_electoral_region)" title="North East Scotland (Scottish Parliament electoral region)">North East</a>) and also to a lesser extent from the <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Highlands" title="Scottish Highlands">Highlands</a>. </p><p>These Scots migrated to Ireland in large numbers both as a result of the government-sanctioned <a href="/wiki/Plantation_of_Ulster" title="Plantation of Ulster">Plantation of Ulster</a> and the previous and contemporary settlement of Scots in Antrim and Down by James Hamilton, Hugh Montgomery, and Lord Randal MacDonnell; the former a planned process of <a href="/wiki/Colonisation" class="mw-redirect" title="Colonisation">colonisation</a> beginning in 1610 which took place under the auspices of <a href="/wiki/James_VI_and_I" title="James VI and I">King James I</a> on land confiscated from members of the <a href="/wiki/Gaelic_nobility_of_Ireland" title="Gaelic nobility of Ireland">Gaelic nobility of Ireland</a> who fled Ulster, and the latter a private scheme beginning in 1606, but also authorised by King James. These arrivals joined other Scots already in the area from centuries of smaller-scale immigration by Scottish <a href="/wiki/Gallowglass" title="Gallowglass">gallowglass</a> mercenaries and their families. </p><p>Ulster-Scots emigrated onwards from Ireland in significant numbers to what is now the <a href="/wiki/Scotch-Irish_Americans" title="Scotch-Irish Americans">United States</a> and to all corners of the then-worldwide <a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British Empire</a>; <a href="/wiki/Scotch-Irish_Canadians" title="Scotch-Irish Canadians">Canada</a>, <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a>, the West Indies, <a href="/wiki/British_India" class="mw-redirect" title="British India">British India</a>, and to a lesser extent <a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a>. Scotch-Irish is a traditional term for Ulster-Scots in North America. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lithuania">Lithuania</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scottish_diaspora&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Lithuania"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Scots, forming a significant diaspora in Poland (see <i>Poland</i> section below), rarely settled in the Lithuanian part of the <a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Lithuanian_Commonwealth" title="Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth">Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth</a>; however, they conducted trade there, and there were Scottish communities in <a href="/wiki/K%C4%97dainiai" title="Kėdainiai">Kėdainiai</a> and <a href="/wiki/S%C5%82uck" class="mw-redirect" title="Słuck">Słuck</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWijaczka2010204_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWijaczka2010204-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Out of gratitude for the opportunity to settle in Kėdainiai, the Scottish burghers funded scholarships for students from Lithuania at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Edinburgh" title="University of Edinburgh">University of Edinburgh</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many of them intermixed with ethnic Lithuanians, and as a result, there are some Lithuanians with partial Scottish ancestry today. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Poland">Poland</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scottish_diaspora&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Poland"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Portius_WR.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Portius_WR.jpg/170px-Portius_WR.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="233" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Portius_WR.jpg/255px-Portius_WR.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/15/Portius_WR.jpg 2x" data-file-width="279" data-file-height="382" /></a><figcaption>Robert Gilbert Porteous, wealthiest merchant of 17th-century <a href="/wiki/Krosno" title="Krosno">Krosno</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Since the mid-16th century, historical records document the presence of Scots trading, serving as mercenary soldiers, and settling in <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The vast majority were traders, from wealthy merchants to the thousands of pedlars who ensured that the term <span title="Polish-language text"><i lang="pl">szot</i></span> became synonymous in the Polish language with "tinker".<sup id="cite_ref-Murdoch_2001_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Murdoch_2001-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (July 2023)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup> A "Scotch Pedlar's Pack in Poland" became a proverbial expression. It usually consisted of cloths, woollen goods and linen kerchiefs (head coverings). Itinerants also sold tin utensils and ironware such as scissors and knives. By 1562 the community was sizeable enough that the Scots, along with the Italians, were recognized by the <a href="/wiki/Sejm_of_the_Kingdom_of_Poland" title="Sejm of the Kingdom of Poland">Sejm</a> as traders whose activities were harming Polish cities; in 1566, they were banned from roaming and peddling their wares.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>However, from the 1570s onward, it was recognized that such bans were ineffectual. A heavy tax was placed upon them instead. Thomas Chamberlayne, an English eyewitness, described them disapprovingly in a 1610 letter to <a href="/wiki/Robert_Cecil,_Earl_of_Salisbury" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert Cecil, Earl of Salisbury">Robert Cecil, Earl of Salisbury</a>, stating that "[t]hese Scotts for the most parte are height landers [i.e. highlanders] men of noe credit, a Company of pedeling knaves..."<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Linked to some degree of persecution and their role in the Danzig uprising, protection (and by extension, a form of control) was offered by <a href="/wiki/Stephen_B%C3%A1thory" title="Stephen Báthory">King Stephen Báthory</a> in the Royal Grant of 1576, assigning Scottish immigrants to a district in <a href="/wiki/Krak%C3%B3w" title="Kraków">Kraków</a>. By the first half of the 17th century, the affairs of the Scottish community were regulated by twelve Brotherhoods with seats across various Polish cities; this included a tribunal that met to adjudicate disputes in the Royal city of <a href="/wiki/Toru%C5%84" title="Toruń">Toruń</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Murdoch_2001_67-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Murdoch_2001-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (July 2023)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup> In 1603, the office of the Scottish General (<i>Generał Szkocki</i>) was created to collect taxes and organize the judiciary over all Scots in Poland, with Captain Abraham Young appointed by King <a href="/wiki/Sigismund_III_Vasa" title="Sigismund III Vasa">Sigismund III Vasa</a> as the first superior.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFeduszka200952–53_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFeduszka200952–53-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Scottish mercenary soldiers first served in large numbers in the late 1570s. Many were former traders. According to Spytko Wawrzyniec Jordan, one of King Stephen Báthory's captains, they were former pedlars who, "having abandoned or sold their booths ... buckle on their sword and shoulder their musket; they are infantry of unusual quality, although they look shabby to us ... 2000 Scots are better than 6000 of our own infantry."<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is possible that the shift from peddling to military occupations was connected to the implementation of heavy taxation on pedlars in the 1570s. Scottish mercenary soldiers were recruited specifically by <a href="/wiki/Stephen_B%C3%A1thory" title="Stephen Báthory">King Stephen Báthory</a> following his experience with them in forces raised by Danzig against him in 1577.<sup id="cite_ref-Murdoch_2001_67-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Murdoch_2001-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (July 2023)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Báthory commented favourably upon the Scots and expressed a wish for them to be recruited in campaigns that he was planning against Muscovy. A steady stream of Scots soldiers served the <a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Lithuanian_Commonwealth" title="Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth">Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth</a> from this point forward. </p><p>Records from 1592 mention Scots settlers granted citizenship of Kraków, and give their employment as trader or merchant. Fees for citizenship ranged from 12 Polish florins to a musket and gunpowder, or an undertaking to marry within a year and a day of acquiring a holding. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Warszawa,_ul._W%C4%85ski_Dunaj_10_20170518_001.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Warszawa%2C_ul._W%C4%85ski_Dunaj_10_20170518_001.jpg/170px-Warszawa%2C_ul._W%C4%85ski_Dunaj_10_20170518_001.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Warszawa%2C_ul._W%C4%85ski_Dunaj_10_20170518_001.jpg/255px-Warszawa%2C_ul._W%C4%85ski_Dunaj_10_20170518_001.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Warszawa%2C_ul._W%C4%85ski_Dunaj_10_20170518_001.jpg/340px-Warszawa%2C_ul._W%C4%85ski_Dunaj_10_20170518_001.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4003" data-file-height="5996" /></a><figcaption>Home of <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Chalmers_(mayor)" title="Alexander Chalmers (mayor)">Alexander Chalmers</a>, mayor of Warsaw</figcaption></figure> <p>By the 17th century, an estimated 30,000 to 40,000 Scots lived in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many came from <a href="/wiki/Dundee" title="Dundee">Dundee</a> and <a href="/wiki/Aberdeen" title="Aberdeen">Aberdeen</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2016)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The largest Scottish communities could be found in <a href="/wiki/Gda%C5%84sk" title="Gdańsk">Gdańsk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Krak%C3%B3w" title="Kraków">Kraków</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lublin" title="Lublin">Lublin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lw%C3%B3w" class="mw-redirect" title="Lwów">Lwów</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pozna%C5%84" title="Poznań">Poznań</a>, <a href="/wiki/Warsaw" title="Warsaw">Warsaw</a> and <a href="/wiki/Zamo%C5%9B%C4%87" title="Zamość">Zamość</a>, and sizeable numbers of Scots also lived in <a href="/wiki/Brzeziny,_Brzeziny_County" title="Brzeziny, Brzeziny County">Brzeziny</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bydgoszcz" title="Bydgoszcz">Bydgoszcz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cz%C5%82opa" title="Człopa">Człopa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Krosno" title="Krosno">Krosno</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C5%81ob%C5%BCenica" title="Łobżenica">Łobżenica</a>, <a href="/wiki/Raci%C4%85%C5%BC" title="Raciąż">Raciąż</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sieradz" title="Sieradz">Sieradz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sierpc" title="Sierpc">Sierpc</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tarn%C3%B3w" title="Tarnów">Tarnów</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tuchola" title="Tuchola">Tuchola</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wa%C5%82cz" title="Wałcz">Wałcz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Warta,_Poland" title="Warta, Poland">Warta</a> and <a href="/wiki/Zakroczym" title="Zakroczym">Zakroczym</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFeduszka200953_73-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFeduszka200953-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Small communities also existed in <a href="/wiki/Bia%C5%82y_B%C3%B3r" title="Biały Bór">Biały Bór</a>, <a href="/wiki/Borek_Wielkopolski" title="Borek Wielkopolski">Borek Wielkopolski</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brody" title="Brody">Brody</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chojnice" title="Chojnice">Chojnice</a>, <a href="/wiki/Czarne" title="Czarne">Czarne</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cz%C5%82uch%C3%B3w" title="Człuchów">Człuchów</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gniew" title="Gniew">Gniew</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gosty%C5%84" title="Gostyń">Gostyń</a>, <a href="/wiki/I%C5%82%C5%BCa" title="Iłża">Iłża</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jedli%C5%84sk" title="Jedlińsk">Jedlińsk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Koronowo" title="Koronowo">Koronowo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Opole_Lubelskie" title="Opole Lubelskie">Opole Lubelskie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Puck,_Poland" title="Puck, Poland">Puck</a>, <a href="/wiki/Skoki" title="Skoki">Skoki</a>, <a href="/wiki/Starogard_Gda%C5%84ski" title="Starogard Gdański">Starogard</a>, <a href="/wiki/Szamotu%C5%82y" title="Szamotuły">Szamotuły</a>, <a href="/wiki/Szyd%C5%82owiec" title="Szydłowiec">Szydłowiec</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C5%9Awiecie" title="Świecie">Świecie</a> and <a href="/wiki/W%C4%99gr%C3%B3w" title="Węgrów">Węgrów</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWijaczka2010202–203,_205–206_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWijaczka2010202–203,_205–206-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Settlers from <a href="/wiki/Aberdeenshire" title="Aberdeenshire">Aberdeenshire</a> were mainly Episcopalians or Catholics, but there were also large numbers of Calvinists. As well as Scottish traders, there were also many Scottish soldiers in Poland. In 1656, a number of Scottish highlanders travelled to Poland, serving under the <a href="/wiki/Charles_X_Gustav_of_Sweden" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles X Gustav of Sweden">King of Sweden</a> in his <a href="/wiki/Deluge_(history)#Swedish_invasion" title="Deluge (history)">war against it</a>. </p><p>The Scots integrated well and many acquired great wealth. They contributed to many charitable institutions in the host country, but did not forget their homeland; for example, in 1701 when collections were made for the restoration fund of the <a href="/wiki/Marischal_College" title="Marischal College">Marischal College</a>, Aberdeen, Scottish settlers in Poland gave generously.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2016)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Many royal grants and privileges were granted to Scottish merchants until the 18th century, at which time the settlers began to merge more and more into the native population. <a href="/wiki/Charles_Edward_Stuart" title="Charles Edward Stuart">Charles Edward Stuart</a> ("Bonnie Prince Charlie") was half Polish, since he was the son of <a href="/wiki/James_Francis_Edward_Stuart" title="James Francis Edward Stuart">James Francis Edward Stuart</a>, the "Old Pretender", and <a href="/wiki/Maria_Clementina_Sobieska" title="Maria Clementina Sobieska">Maria Clementina Sobieska</a>, granddaughter of <a href="/wiki/John_III_Sobieski" title="John III Sobieski">John III Sobieski</a>, king of Poland.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="The material near this tag failed verification of its source citation(s). (December 2016)">failed verification</span></a></i>]</sup><sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1691, the City of <a href="/wiki/Warsaw" title="Warsaw">Warsaw</a> elected the Scottish immigrant <a href="/wiki/Aleksander_Czamer" class="mw-redirect" title="Aleksander Czamer">Aleksander Czamer</a> (Alexander Chalmers) as its mayor.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Biala-Podl-tablica-k-%C5%9Bw-Anny-Sztuart-Haliburton.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Biala-Podl-tablica-k-%C5%9Bw-Anny-Sztuart-Haliburton.jpg/220px-Biala-Podl-tablica-k-%C5%9Bw-Anny-Sztuart-Haliburton.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="201" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Biala-Podl-tablica-k-%C5%9Bw-Anny-Sztuart-Haliburton.jpg/330px-Biala-Podl-tablica-k-%C5%9Bw-Anny-Sztuart-Haliburton.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Biala-Podl-tablica-k-%C5%9Bw-Anny-Sztuart-Haliburton.jpg/440px-Biala-Podl-tablica-k-%C5%9Bw-Anny-Sztuart-Haliburton.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1097" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Epitaph" title="Epitaph">Epitaph</a> of Scottish parish priest Thomas de Stuart Haliburton at the Saint Anne church in <a href="/wiki/Bia%C5%82a_Podlaska" title="Biała Podlaska">Biała Podlaska</a></figcaption></figure> <p>There are places named after the Scottish settlers in Poland, i.e. <a href="/wiki/Stare_Szkoty" title="Stare Szkoty">Stare Szkoty</a> ("Old Scots"), a former suburb of Gdańsk, today a neighborhood within the city limits, inhabited by Scots since the 15th and 16th centuries,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWijaczka2010201_82-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWijaczka2010201-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the village of <a href="/wiki/Szkocja,_Podlaskie_Voivodeship" title="Szkocja, Podlaskie Voivodeship">Szkocja</a> ("Scotland"), founded in 1823.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1879, Scottish specialists were brought to Warsaw to run a newly established hornware factory of Polish industrialist <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ludwik_J%C3%B3zef_Krasi%C5%84ski&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ludwik Józef Krasiński (page does not exist)">Ludwik Józef Krasiński</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludwik_J%C3%B3zef_Krasi%C5%84ski" class="extiw" title="pl:Ludwik Józef Krasiński">pl</a>]</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/2011_Polish_census" title="2011 Polish census">2011 Polish census</a>, 632 people declared Scottish nationality.<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Notable people include: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_Murray_(Polish_navy)" title="James Murray (Polish navy)">James Murray</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1500s</span> – c.<span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1600s</span>), <a href="/wiki/Captain_(naval)" title="Captain (naval)">naval captain</a> and shipbuilder</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Abercromby_(Jesuit)" title="Robert Abercromby (Jesuit)">Robert Abercromby</a> (1536–1613), Jesuit missionary, lecturer at the <a href="/wiki/Collegium_Hosianum" title="Collegium Hosianum">Collegium Hosianum</a> in <a href="/wiki/Braniewo" title="Braniewo">Braniewo</a></li> <li>William Bruce (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1560</span>–after 1613), professor and lecturer at the <a href="/wiki/Zamoyski_Academy" title="Zamoyski Academy">Zamoyski Academy</a> in Zamość, later diplomat of King <a href="/wiki/James_VI" class="mw-redirect" title="James VI">James VI</a> of Scotland.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFeduszka200956–57_87-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFeduszka200956–57-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Davison_(physician)" title="William Davison (physician)">William Davidson</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1593</span>–<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1669</span>), court doctor of King <a href="/wiki/John_II_Casimir_Vasa" title="John II Casimir Vasa">John II Casimir Vasa</a> of Poland<sup id="cite_ref-wda_62-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wda-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Gilbert_Porteous&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert Gilbert Porteous (page does not exist)">Robert Gilbert Porteous</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Wojciech_Portius" class="extiw" title="pl:Robert Wojciech Portius">pl</a>]</span> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1600</span>–1661), wealthiest merchant of 17th-century <a href="/wiki/Krosno" title="Krosno">Krosno</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFeduszka200953_73-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFeduszka200953-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Gordon" title="Patrick Gordon">Patrick Gordon</a> (1635–1699), student of the Collegium Hosianum, officer in the Polish Army</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Chalmers_(mayor)" title="Alexander Chalmers (mayor)">Alexander Chalmers</a> (1645–1703), merchant, jurist, city mayor in Warsaw</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Russia">Russia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scottish_diaspora&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Russia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Russians" title="Scottish Russians">Scottish Russians</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sweden">Sweden</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scottish_diaspora&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Sweden"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>From 1570 to 1630, some 30,000 Scots served as mercenary soldiers of Sweden.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFeduszka200955_61-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFeduszka200955-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scottish_diaspora&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Flag_of_Scotland.svg/32px-Flag_of_Scotland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Flag_of_Scotland.svg/48px-Flag_of_Scotland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Flag_of_Scotland.svg/64px-Flag_of_Scotland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Scotland" title="Portal:Scotland">Scotland portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/English-speaking_world" title="English-speaking world">English-speaking world</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_diaspora" class="mw-redirect" title="European diaspora">European diaspora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_diaspora_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Celtic diaspora (disambiguation)">Celtic diaspora (disambiguation)</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scottish_diaspora&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-ScotGovt_2009-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ScotGovt_2009_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ScotGovt_2009_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gov.scot/Publications/2009/05/28141101/6">"The Scottish Diaspora and Diaspora Strategy: Insights and Lessons from Ireland"</a>. <i>Gov.scot</i>. <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Government" title="Scottish Government">Scottish Government</a>. May 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Gov.scot&rft.atitle=The+Scottish+Diaspora+and+Diaspora+Strategy%3A+Insights+and+Lessons+from+Ireland&rft.date=2009-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gov.scot%2FPublications%2F2009%2F05%2F28141101%2F6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScottish+diaspora" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131118071543/http://www.scotlandscensus.gov.uk/en/censusresults/bulletinr2.html">"Statistical Bulletins - Scotland Census 2011"</a>. <i>Scotlandscensus.gov.uk</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scotlandscensus.gov.uk/en/censusresults/bulletinr2.html">the original</a> on 18 November 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 September</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Scotlandscensus.gov.uk&rft.atitle=Statistical+Bulletins+-+Scotland+Census+2011&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scotlandscensus.gov.uk%2Fen%2Fcensusresults%2Fbulletinr2.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScottish+diaspora" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/ADPTable?_bm=y&-geo_id=01000US&-parsed=true&-ds_name=ACS_2008_1YR_G00_&-_lang=en&-_caller=geoselect&-format=">American Community Survey 2008</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111028084209/http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/ADPTable?_bm=y&-geo_id=01000US&-parsed=true&-ds_name=ACS_2008_1YR_G00_&-_lang=en&-_caller=geoselect&-format=">Archived</a> 28 October 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> by the US Census Bureau estimates 5,827,046 people claiming Scottish ancestry and 3,538,444 people claiming Scotch-Irish <i>ancestry</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.parade.com/articles/editions/2004/edition_10-03-2004/featured_0">"Who are the Scots-Irish?"</a>. <i>Parade.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 January</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Parade.com&rft.atitle=Who+are+the+Scots-Irish%3F&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.parade.com%2Farticles%2Feditions%2F2004%2Fedition_10-03-2004%2Ffeatured_0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScottish+diaspora" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www12.statcan.ca/english/census06/data/highlights/ethnic/pages/Page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo=PR&Code=01&Data=Count&Table=2&StartRec=1&Sort=3&Display=All&CSDFilter=5000">2006 Canadian Census</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130723224016/http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2006/index-eng.cfm">Archived</a> 23 July 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> gives a total of 4,719,850 respondents stating their <i>ethnic origin</i> as Scottish. Many respondents may have misunderstood the question and the numerous responses for "Canadian" does not give an accurate figure for numerous groups, particularly those of British Isles origins.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-abs.gov.au-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-abs.gov.au_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-abs.gov.au_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/Lookup/2071.0main+features902012-2013">"ABS Ancestry"</a>. <i>Abs.gov.au</i>. Australian Bureau of Statistics. 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Abs.gov.au&rft.atitle=ABS+Ancestry&rft.date=2012&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.abs.gov.au%2Fausstats%2Fabs%40.nsf%2FLookup%2F2071.0main%2Bfeatures902012-2013&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScottish+diaspora" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGilchrist2008" class="citation news cs1">Gilchrist, Jim (14 December 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scotsman.com/lifestyle/stories-of-homecoming-we-re-on-the-march-with-argentina-s-scots-1-1151624">"Stories of Homecoming - We're on the march with Argentina's Scots"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Scotsman" title="The Scotsman">The Scotsman</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 December</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Scotsman&rft.atitle=Stories+of+Homecoming+-+We%27re+on+the+march+with+Argentina%27s+Scots&rft.date=2008-12-14&rft.aulast=Gilchrist&rft.aufirst=Jim&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scotsman.com%2Flifestyle%2Fstories-of-homecoming-we-re-on-the-march-with-argentina-s-scots-1-1151624&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScottish+diaspora" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www2.stats.govt.nz/domino/external/pasfull/pasfull.nsf/web/Reference+Reports+2001+Census:+Ethnic+Groups+2001+TableEthnic+group+-+up+to+three+responses+total+responses+and+sex,+for+the+census+usually+resident+population+count,+1991,+1996+and+2001/$FILE/Table%202a.xls">[1]</a> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged January 2018">dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160305135143/https://www.gov.im/lib/docs/treasury/economic/census/censusreport2006.pdf">"Isle of Man Census Report 2006"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gov.im/lib/docs/treasury/economic/census/censusreport2006.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 5 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 September</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Isle+of+Man+Census+Report+2006&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gov.im%2Flib%2Fdocs%2Ftreasury%2Feconomic%2Fcensus%2Fcensusreport2006.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScottish+diaspora" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/274477/scotland_analysis_borders_citizenship.pdf#page=70">"Scotland analysis: Borders and citizenship"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Gov.uk</i>. p. 70<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 January</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Gov.uk&rft.atitle=Scotland+analysis%3A+Borders+and+citizenship&rft.pages=70&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gov.uk%2Fgovernment%2Fuploads%2Fsystem%2Fuploads%2Fattachment_data%2Ffile%2F274477%2Fscotland_analysis_borders_citizenship.pdf%23page%3D70&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScottish+diaspora" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160305031646/http://www.gov.scot/Resource/Doc/285746/0087034.pdf#Page=13">"Scotland's Diaspora and Overseas-Born Population"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Gov.scot</i>. p. 13. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gov.scot/Resource/Doc/285746/0087034.pdf#Page=13">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 5 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 January</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Gov.scot&rft.atitle=Scotland%27s+Diaspora+and+Overseas-Born+Population&rft.pages=13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gov.scot%2FResource%2FDoc%2F285746%2F0087034.pdf%23Page%3D13&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScottish+diaspora" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFScottish_Government2009" class="citation web cs1">Scottish Government, St Andrew's House (5 October 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150924023351/http://www.gov.scot/Publications/2009/09/24095045/3">"Scotland's Diaspora and Overseas-Born Population"</a>. <i>Gov.scot</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gov.scot/Publications/2009/09/24095045/3">the original</a> on 24 September 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 January</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Gov.scot&rft.atitle=Scotland%27s+Diaspora+and+Overseas-Born+Population&rft.date=2009-10-05&rft.aulast=Scottish+Government&rft.aufirst=St+Andrew%27s+House&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gov.scot%2FPublications%2F2009%2F09%2F24095045%2F3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScottish+diaspora" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.friendsofscotland.gov.uk/scotlandnow/genealogy.html">"Friends Of Scotland"</a>. <i>Friendsofscotland.gov.uk</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 January</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Friendsofscotland.gov.uk&rft.atitle=Friends+Of+Scotland&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.friendsofscotland.gov.uk%2Fscotlandnow%2Fgenealogy.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScottish+diaspora" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ancestralscotland.com">The Ancestral Scotland website</a> states the following: "Scotland is a land of 5.1 million people. A proud people, passionate about their country and her rich, noble heritage. For every single Scot in their native land, there are thought to be at least five more overseas who can claim Scottish ancestry; that's many millions spread throughout the globe."] Ancestralscotland.com</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071025061851/http://www.scotland.org/about/history-tradition-and-roots/features/education/scottishancestry.html">"History, Tradition and roots, ancestry"</a>. <i>Scotland.org</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scotland.org/about/history-tradition-and-roots/features/education/scottishancestry.html">the original</a> on 25 October 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 January</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Scotland.org&rft.atitle=History%2C+Tradition+and+roots%2C+ancestry&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scotland.org%2Fabout%2Fhistory-tradition-and-roots%2Ffeatures%2Feducation%2Fscottishancestry.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScottish+diaspora" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071221044220/http://www.visitscotland.org/news_item.htm?newsID=47476">"Mediaoffice - news"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.visitscotland.org/news_item.htm?newsID=47476">the original</a> on 21 December 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 October</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mediaoffice+-+news&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.visitscotland.org%2Fnews_item.htm%3FnewsID%3D47476&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScottish+diaspora" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeithSim2022" class="citation journal cs1">Leith, Murray S.; Sim, Duncan (11 April 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fpsp.2572">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Will ye no' come back again?': Population challenge and diaspora policy in Scotland"</a>. <i>Population, Space and Place</i>. <b>28</b> (7): 5. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fpsp.2572">10.1002/psp.2572</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Population%2C+Space+and+Place&rft.atitle=%27Will+ye+no%27+come+back+again%3F%27%3A+Population+challenge+and+diaspora+policy+in+Scotland&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=7&rft.pages=5&rft.date=2022-04-11&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2Fpsp.2572&rft.aulast=Leith&rft.aufirst=Murray+S.&rft.au=Sim%2C+Duncan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1002%252Fpsp.2572&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScottish+diaspora" class="Z3988"></span> Citing: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcAskillMcLeish2007" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Kenny_MacAskill" title="Kenny MacAskill">McAskill, Kenny</a>; <a href="/wiki/Henry_McLeish" title="Henry McLeish">McLeish, Henry</a> (2007). <i>Wherever the Saltire Flies</i>. Luath.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Wherever+the+Saltire+Flies&rft.pub=Luath&rft.date=2007&rft.aulast=McAskill&rft.aufirst=Kenny&rft.au=McLeish%2C+Henry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScottish+diaspora" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Harper2003" class="citation book cs1">Harper, Marjory (2003). <i>Adventurers and Exiles: The Great Scottish Exodus</i>. London: Profile Books. p. 370. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781861973047" title="Special:BookSources/9781861973047"><bdi>9781861973047</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Adventurers+and+Exiles%3A+The+Great+Scottish+Exodus&rft.place=London&rft.pages=370&rft.pub=Profile+Books&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=9781861973047&rft.aulast=Harper&rft.aufirst=Marjory&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScottish+diaspora" class="Z3988"></span> Quoted in: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Brancaz2016" class="citation journal cs1">Brancaz, Lauren Ann-Killian (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://journals.openedition.org/etudesecossaises/1074?lang=en">"The Homecoming of Tartan: How Scotland and North America Collaborate in Shaping Tartan"</a>. <i>Études écossaises</i> (18). pp. 69–87, para. 4. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4000%2Fetudesecossaises.1074">10.4000/etudesecossaises.1074</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:131473903">131473903</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%C3%89tudes+%C3%A9cossaises&rft.atitle=The+Homecoming+of+Tartan%3A+How+Scotland+and+North+America+Collaborate+in+Shaping+Tartan&rft.issue=18&rft.pages=pp.+69-87%2C+para.+4&rft.date=2016&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4000%2Fetudesecossaises.1074&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A131473903%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Brancaz&rft.aufirst=Lauren+Ann-Killian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjournals.openedition.org%2Fetudesecossaises%2F1074%3Flang%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScottish+diaspora" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrubaker2005" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Rogers_Brubaker" title="Rogers Brubaker">Brubaker, Rogers</a> (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pure.manchester.ac.uk/ws/files/67330868/The_diaspora_diaspora_response.docx">"The 'Diaspora' Diaspora"</a>. <i>Ethnic and Racial Studies</i>. <b>28</b> (1): 5. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F0141987042000289997">10.1080/0141987042000289997</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:17914353">17914353</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ethnic+and+Racial+Studies&rft.atitle=The+%27Diaspora%27+Diaspora&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=5&rft.date=2005&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F0141987042000289997&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A17914353%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Brubaker&rft.aufirst=Rogers&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpure.manchester.ac.uk%2Fws%2Ffiles%2F67330868%2FThe_diaspora_diaspora_response.docx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScottish+diaspora" class="Z3988"></span> Quoted in: <a href="#Brancaz2016">Brancaz (2016)</a>, para. 7.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Brancaz2016">Brancaz (2016)</a>, para. 7.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.clan-macrae.org.uk/scotland/clannews.cfm?Task=display&ID=65">"Clan Macrae news"</a>. <i>Clan-macrae.org.uk</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 January</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Clan-macrae.org.uk&rft.atitle=Clan+Macrae+news&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.clan-macrae.org.uk%2Fscotland%2Fclannews.cfm%3FTask%3Ddisplay%26ID%3D65&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScottish+diaspora" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGilchrist2008" class="citation news cs1">Gilchrist, Jim (14 December 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scotsman.com/lifestyle/stories-of-homecoming-we-re-on-the-march-with-argentina-s-scots-1-1151624">"Stories of Homecoming - We're on the march with Argentina's Scots"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Scotsman" title="The Scotsman">The Scotsman</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 December</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Scotsman&rft.atitle=Stories+of+Homecoming+-+We%27re+on+the+march+with+Argentina%27s+Scots&rft.date=2008-12-14&rft.aulast=Gilchrist&rft.aufirst=Jim&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scotsman.com%2Flifestyle%2Fstories-of-homecoming-we-re-on-the-march-with-argentina-s-scots-1-1151624&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScottish+diaspora" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPelayes" class="citation web cs1">Pelayes, Hector Darvo. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://members.tripod.com/~futbolafa/historia.htm">"Footbol AFA"</a>. <i>Members.tripod.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Members.tripod.com&rft.atitle=Footbol+AFA&rft.aulast=Pelayes&rft.aufirst=Hector+Darvo&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmembers.tripod.com%2F~futbolafa%2Fhistoria.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScottish+diaspora" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080416174029/http://www.sfu.ca/scottish/history.html">"Scottish Studies – History"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sfu.ca/scottish/history.html">the original</a> on 16 April 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 January</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Scottish+Studies+%E2%80%93+History&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sfu.ca%2Fscottish%2Fhistory.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScottish+diaspora" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFry2001" class="citation book cs1">Fry, Michael (2001). <i>The Scottish Empire</i>. Tuckwell Press. p. 21. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-84158-259-X" title="Special:BookSources/1-84158-259-X"><bdi>1-84158-259-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Scottish+Empire&rft.pages=21&rft.pub=Tuckwell+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=1-84158-259-X&rft.aulast=Fry&rft.aufirst=Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScottish+diaspora" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDembling2006" class="citation book cs1">Dembling, Jonathan (2006). "Gaelic in Canada: New evidence from an old census". In McLeod, Wilson; Fraser, James; Gunderloch, Anja (eds.). <i>Cànan & Cultar/Language & Culture: Rannsachadh na Gàidhlig 3</i>. Edinburgh: Dunedin Academic Press. pp. 203–214.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Gaelic+in+Canada%3A+New+evidence+from+an+old+census&rft.btitle=C%C3%A0nan+%26+Cultar%2FLanguage+%26+Culture%3A+Rannsachadh+na+G%C3%A0idhlig+3&rft.place=Edinburgh&rft.pages=203-214&rft.pub=Dunedin+Academic+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.aulast=Dembling&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScottish+diaspora" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080531020330/http://www12.statcan.ca/english/census06/data/highlights/ethnic/pages/Page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo=PR&Code=01&Data=Count&Table=2&StartRec=1&Sort=3&Display=All&CSDFilter=5000">"Statistics Canada: Ethnocultural Portrait of Canada Highlight Tables, 2006 Census"</a>. <i>12.StatCan.ca</i>. Statistics Canada. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www12.statcan.ca/english/census06/data/highlights/ethnic/pages/Page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo=PR&Code=01&Table=2&Data=Count&StartRec=1&Sort=3&Display=All&CSDFilter=5000">the original</a> on 31 May 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 September</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=12.StatCan.ca&rft.atitle=Statistics+Canada%3A+Ethnocultural+Portrait+of+Canada+Highlight+Tables%2C+2006+Census&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww12.statcan.ca%2Fenglish%2Fcensus06%2Fdata%2Fhighlights%2Fethnic%2Fpages%2FPage.cfm%3FLang%3DE%26Geo%3DPR%26Code%3D01%26Table%3D2%26Data%3DCount%26StartRec%3D1%26Sort%3D3%26Display%3DAll%26CSDFilter%3D5000&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScottish+diaspora" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Boyer_&_Clark-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Boyer_&_Clark_28-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Boyer_&_Clark_28-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Boyer_&_Clark_28-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoyerClarkHalttunenKett2010" class="citation book cs1">Boyer, Paul S.; Clark, Clifford E.; Halttunen, Karen; Kett, Joseph F.; Salisbury, Neal (1 January 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=xf4FAAAAQBAJ&q=the+european+ancestry+of+the+united+states+population+thomas+l+purvis+80%25+english+and+welsh&pg=PA96"><i>The Enduring Vision: A History of the American People</i></a>. Cengage Learning. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781111786090" title="Special:BookSources/9781111786090"><bdi>9781111786090</bdi></a> – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Enduring+Vision%3A+A+History+of+the+American+People&rft.pub=Cengage+Learning&rft.date=2010-01-01&rft.isbn=9781111786090&rft.aulast=Boyer&rft.aufirst=Paul+S.&rft.au=Clark%2C+Clifford+E.&rft.au=Halttunen%2C+Karen&rft.au=Kett%2C+Joseph+F.&rft.au=Salisbury%2C+Neal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dxf4FAAAAQBAJ%26q%3Dthe%2Beuropean%2Bancestry%2Bof%2Bthe%2Bunited%2Bstates%2Bpopulation%2Bthomas%2Bl%2Bpurvis%2B80%2525%2Benglish%2Band%2Bwelsh%26pg%3DPA96&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScottish+diaspora" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Purvis-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Purvis_29-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Purvis_29-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPurvis2014" class="citation book cs1">Purvis, Thomas L. (14 May 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=BZRJSx3uMYEC&q=united+states+1700+223%2C071&pg=PA128"><i>Colonial America to 1763</i></a>. Infobase Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781438107998" title="Special:BookSources/9781438107998"><bdi>9781438107998</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 January</span> 2018</span> – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Colonial+America+to+1763&rft.pub=Infobase+Publishing&rft.date=2014-05-14&rft.isbn=9781438107998&rft.aulast=Purvis&rft.aufirst=Thomas+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DBZRJSx3uMYEC%26q%3Dunited%2Bstates%2B1700%2B223%252C071%26pg%3DPA128&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScottish+diaspora" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarrHessOrthmannKingsbury2014" class="citation book cs1">Harr, J. Scott; Hess, Kären M.; Orthmann, Christine Hess; Kingsbury, Jonathon (1 January 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=NkbAAgAAQBAJ&q=English+48.7+%25+1775&pg=PA6"><i>Constitutional Law and the Criminal Justice System</i></a>. Cengage Learning. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781305162907" title="Special:BookSources/9781305162907"><bdi>9781305162907</bdi></a> – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Constitutional+Law+and+the+Criminal+Justice+System&rft.pub=Cengage+Learning&rft.date=2014-01-01&rft.isbn=9781305162907&rft.aulast=Harr&rft.aufirst=J.+Scott&rft.au=Hess%2C+K%C3%A4ren+M.&rft.au=Orthmann%2C+Christine+Hess&rft.au=Kingsbury%2C+Jonathon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DNkbAAgAAQBAJ%26q%3DEnglish%2B48.7%2B%2525%2B1775%26pg%3DPA6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScottish+diaspora" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFParrillo2018" class="citation book cs1">Parrillo, Vincent N. (11 January 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Uk4-MeNoNgoC&q=united+states+1790+population+english+60.9%25&pg=PA67"><i>Diversity in America</i></a>. Pine Forge Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781412956376" title="Special:BookSources/9781412956376"><bdi>9781412956376</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 January</span> 2018</span> – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Diversity+in+America&rft.pub=Pine+Forge+Press&rft.date=2018-01-11&rft.isbn=9781412956376&rft.aulast=Parrillo&rft.aufirst=Vincent+N.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DUk4-MeNoNgoC%26q%3Dunited%2Bstates%2B1790%2Bpopulation%2Benglish%2B60.9%2525%26pg%3DPA67&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScottish+diaspora" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPerlmutter1996" class="citation book cs1">Perlmutter, Philip (11 January 1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=WtVN8wvfa1QC&q=americans+english+descent+million&pg=PA9"><i>The Dynamics of American Ethnic, Religious, and Racial Group Life: An Interdisciplinary Overview</i></a>. Greenwood Publishing Group. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780275955335" title="Special:BookSources/9780275955335"><bdi>9780275955335</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 January</span> 2018</span> – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Dynamics+of+American+Ethnic%2C+Religious%2C+and+Racial+Group+Life%3A+An+Interdisciplinary+Overview&rft.pub=Greenwood+Publishing+Group&rft.date=1996-01-11&rft.isbn=9780275955335&rft.aulast=Perlmutter&rft.aufirst=Philip&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DWtVN8wvfa1QC%26q%3Damericans%2Benglish%2Bdescent%2Bmillion%26pg%3DPA9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScottish+diaspora" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200725050339/https://www.census.gov/population/www/censusdata/files/pc80-s1-10/tab04.pdf">"Rank of States for Selected Ancestry Groups with 100,00 or more persons: 1980"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Census.gov</i>. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau">United States Census Bureau</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/population/www/censusdata/files/pc80-s1-10/tab04.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 25 July 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 August</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Census.gov&rft.atitle=Rank+of+States+for+Selected+Ancestry+Groups+with+100%2C00+or+more+persons%3A+1980&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Fpopulation%2Fwww%2Fcensusdata%2Ffiles%2Fpc80-s1-10%2Ftab04.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScottish+diaspora" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160124091808/http://www.census.gov/prod/cen1990/cp-s/cp-s-1-2.pdf">"1990 Census of Population Detailed Ancestry Groups for States"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Census.gov</i>. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau">United States Census Bureau</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/prod/cen1990/cp-s/cp-s-1-2.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 24 January 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 August</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Census.gov&rft.atitle=1990+Census+of+Population+Detailed+Ancestry+Groups+for+States&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Fprod%2Fcen1990%2Fcp-s%2Fcp-s-1-2.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScottish+diaspora" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120108032342/http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/QTTable?_bm=y&-qr_name=DEC_2000_SF3_U_QTP13&-geo_id=01000US&-ds_name=DEC_2000_SF3_U&-_lang=en&-redoLog=false&-_sse=on">"Ancestry: 2000"</a>. <i>American FactFinder</i>. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau">United States Census Bureau</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=DEC_00_SF3_QTP13&prodType=table">the original</a> on 8 January 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 November</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=American+FactFinder&rft.atitle=Ancestry%3A+2000&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffactfinder.census.gov%2Ffaces%2Ftableservices%2Fjsf%2Fpages%2Fproductview.xhtml%3Fpid%3DDEC_00_SF3_QTP13%26prodType%3Dtable&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScottish+diaspora" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto_36-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_36-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120108032342/http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/QTTable?_bm=y&-qr_name=DEC_2000_SF3_U_QTP13&-geo_id=01000US&-ds_name=DEC_2000_SF3_U&-_lang=en&-redoLog=false&-_sse=on">"Total ancestry categories tallied for people with one or more ancestry categories reported 2010 American Community Survey 1-year Estimates"</a>. <i>American FactFinder</i>. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau">United States Census Bureau</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=ACS_10_1YR_B04003&prodType=table">the original</a> on 8 January 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 November</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=American+FactFinder&rft.atitle=Total+ancestry+categories+tallied+for+people+with+one+or+more+ancestry+categories+reported+2010+American+Community+Survey+1-year+Estimates&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffactfinder.census.gov%2Ffaces%2Ftableservices%2Fjsf%2Fpages%2Fproductview.xhtml%3Fpid%3DACS_10_1YR_B04003%26prodType%3Dtable&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScottish+diaspora" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ref_y-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ref_y_37-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ref_y_37-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120108032342/http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/QTTable?_bm=y&-qr_name=DEC_2000_SF3_U_QTP13&-geo_id=01000US&-ds_name=DEC_2000_SF3_U&-_lang=en&-redoLog=false&-_sse=on">"QT-P13. Ancestry: 2000"</a>. <i>American FactFinder</i>. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau">United States Census Bureau</a>. 2020. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/QTTable?_bm=y&-qr_name=DEC_2000_SF3_U_QTP13&-geo_id=01000US&-ds_name=DEC_2000_SF3_U&-_lang=en&-redoLog=false&-_sse=on">the original</a> on 8 January 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 August</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=American+FactFinder&rft.atitle=QT-P13.+Ancestry%3A+2000&rft.date=2020&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffactfinder.census.gov%2Fservlet%2FQTTable%3F_bm%3Dy%26-qr_name%3DDEC_2000_SF3_U_QTP13%26-geo_id%3D01000US%26-ds_name%3DDEC_2000_SF3_U%26-_lang%3Den%26-redoLog%3Dfalse%26-_sse%3Don&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScottish+diaspora" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/2010/compendia/statab/130ed/tables/pop.pdf">"Population"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Statistical Abstract of the United States 2011</i>. Washington DC: United States Census Bureau, US Department of Commerce. October 2010. p. 50, table 52.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Population&rft.btitle=Statistical+Abstract+of+the+United+States+2011&rft.place=Washington+DC&rft.pages=p.+50%2C+table+52&rft.pub=United+States+Census+Bureau%2C+US+Department+of+Commerce&rft.date=2010-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww2.census.gov%2Flibrary%2Fpublications%2F2010%2Fcompendia%2Fstatab%2F130ed%2Ftables%2Fpop.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScottish+diaspora" class="Z3988"></span> In turn citing: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.census.gov/table?q=B04006:+PEOPLE+REPORTING+ANCESTRY&tid=ACSDT1Y2021.B04006">"2008 American Community Survey"</a>. US Census Bureau. Table B04006: "People Reporting Ancestry"<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 August</span> 2023</span> – via Data.Census.gov.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2008+American+Community+Survey&rft.pages=Table+B04006%3A+%22People+Reporting+Ancestry%22&rft.pub=US+Census+Bureau&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdata.census.gov%2Ftable%3Fq%3DB04006%3A%2BPEOPLE%2BREPORTING%2BANCESTRY%26tid%3DACSDT1Y2021.B04006&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScottish+diaspora" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20150118121537/http://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=ACS_10_1YR_B04003&prodType=table">"Total ancestry categories tallied for people with one or more ancestry categories reported 2013 American Community Survey 1-year Estimates"</a>. <i>American FactFinder</i>. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau">United States Census Bureau</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=ACS_10_1YR_B04003&prodType=table">the original</a> on 18 January 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 November</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=American+FactFinder&rft.atitle=Total+ancestry+categories+tallied+for+people+with+one+or+more+ancestry+categories+reported+2013+American+Community+Survey+1-year+Estimates&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffactfinder.census.gov%2Ffaces%2Ftableservices%2Fjsf%2Fpages%2Fproductview.xhtml%3Fpid%3DACS_10_1YR_B04003%26prodType%3Dtable&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScottish+diaspora" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWalters1990" class="citation book cs1">Walters, Mary C. (1990). <i>Ethnic Options: Choosing Identities in America</i>. 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"Race, Nation, and Nature: The Cultural Politics of 'Celtic' Identification in the American West". <i>Annals of the Association of American Geographers</i>. <b>94</b> (2): 392. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1467-8306.2004.09402014.x">10.1111/j.1467-8306.2004.09402014.x</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:128668995">128668995</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+Association+of+American+Geographers&rft.atitle=Race%2C+Nation%2C+and+Nature%3A+The+Cultural+Politics+of+%27Celtic%27+Identification+in+the+American+West&rft.volume=94&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=392&rft.date=2004-11-05&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1467-8306.2004.09402014.x&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A128668995%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=McCarthy&rft.aufirst=James&rft.au=Hague%2C+Euan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScottish+diaspora" class="Z3988"></span> Citing: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHewitson1993" class="citation book cs1">Hewitson, J. (1993). <i>Tam Blake and Co.: The Story of the Scots in America</i>. Edinburgh: Canongate Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tam+Blake+and+Co.%3A+The+Story+of+the+Scots+in+America&rft.place=Edinburgh&rft.pub=Canongate+Books&rft.date=1993&rft.aulast=Hewitson&rft.aufirst=J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScottish+diaspora" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120415205446/http://www.friendsofscotland.gov.uk/scotlandnow/issue-07/arts/tartan-day.html">"Tartan Day 2007"</a>. <i>ScotlandNow</i>. No. 7. March 2007. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 September</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ScotlandNow&rft.atitle=Tartan+Day+2007&rft.issue=7&rft.date=2007-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.friendsofscotland.gov.uk%2Fscotlandnow%2Fissue-07%2Farts%2Ftartan-day.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScottish+diaspora" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110807041559/http://www.scottish.parliament.uk//business/officialReports/meetingsParliament/or-02/sor0911-02.htm">"Scottish Parliament: Official Report, 11 September 2002, Col. 13525"</a>. <i>Scottish.Parliament.uk</i>. <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Parliament" title="Scottish Parliament">Scottish Parliament</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scottish.parliament.uk//business/officialReports/meetingsParliament/or-02/sor0911-02.htm">the original</a> on 7 August 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 August</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Scottish.Parliament.uk&rft.atitle=Scottish+Parliament%3A+Official+Report%2C+11+September+2002%2C+Col.+13525&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scottish.parliament.uk%2F%2Fbusiness%2FofficialReports%2FmeetingsParliament%2For-02%2Fsor0911-02.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScottish+diaspora" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110605215530/http://www.scottish.parliament.uk/business/committees/europe/papers-04/eup04-20.pdf">"Scottish Parliament: European and External Relations Committee Agenda, 20th Meeting 2004 (Session 2), 30 November 2004, EU/S2/04/20/1"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Scottish.Parliament.uk</i>. <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Parliament" title="Scottish Parliament">Scottish Parliament</a>. 14 August 2011. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scottish.parliament.uk/business/committees/europe/papers-04/eup04-20.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 5 June 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 August</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Scottish.Parliament.uk&rft.atitle=Scottish+Parliament%3A+European+and+External+Relations+Committee+Agenda%2C+20th+Meeting+2004+%28Session+2%29%2C+30+November+2004%2C+EU%2FS2%2F04%2F20%2F1&rft.date=2011-08-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scottish.parliament.uk%2Fbusiness%2Fcommittees%2Feurope%2Fpapers-04%2Feup04-20.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScottish+diaspora" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWebb2004" class="citation book cs1">Webb, James (2004). <i>Born Fighting: How the Scots-Irish Shaped America</i>. New York: Broadway Books. Front flap. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0767916883" title="Special:BookSources/0767916883"><bdi>0767916883</bdi></a>. <q>More than 27 million Americans today can trace their lineage to the Scots, whose bloodline was stained by centuries of continuous warfare along the border between England and Scotland, and later in the bitter settlements of England's Ulster Plantation in Northern Ireland.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Born+Fighting%3A+How+the+Scots-Irish+Shaped+America&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=Front+flap&rft.pub=Broadway+Books&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=0767916883&rft.aulast=Webb&rft.aufirst=James&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScottish+diaspora" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWebb2004" class="citation news cs1">Webb, James (23 October 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.opinionjournal.com/extra/?id=110005798">"Secret GOP Weapon: The Scots Irish Vote"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal" title="The Wall Street Journal">The Wall Street Journal</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 September</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Wall+Street+Journal&rft.atitle=Secret+GOP+Weapon%3A+The+Scots+Irish+Vote&rft.date=2004-10-23&rft.aulast=Webb&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.opinionjournal.com%2Fextra%2F%3Fid%3D110005798&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScottish+diaspora" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMacKay1996" class="citation book cs1">MacKay, Donald (1996). <i>Scotland Farewell: The People of the Hector</i> (3rd illustrated ed.). Dundurn Press. p. vii. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1896219128" title="Special:BookSources/1896219128"><bdi>1896219128</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Scotland+Farewell%3A+The+People+of+the+Hector&rft.pages=vii&rft.edition=3rd+illustrated&rft.pub=Dundurn+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=1896219128&rft.aulast=MacKay&rft.aufirst=Donald&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScottish+diaspora" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCampey2007" class="citation book cs1">Campey, Lucille H. (2007). <i>After the Hector: The Scottish Pioneers of Nova Scotia and Cape Breton 1773–1852</i> (2nd ed.). Toronto: National Heritage Books. pp. 60–61. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781550027709" title="Special:BookSources/9781550027709"><bdi>9781550027709</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=After+the+Hector%3A+The+Scottish+Pioneers+of+Nova+Scotia+and+Cape+Breton+1773%E2%80%931852&rft.place=Toronto&rft.pages=60-61&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=National+Heritage+Books&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=9781550027709&rft.aulast=Campey&rft.aufirst=Lucille+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScottish+diaspora" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Publications/2004/02/18876/32939">"Table 1.1: Scottish population by ethnic group - All People"</a>. <i>Scotland.gov.uk</i>. 24 April 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 August</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Scotland.gov.uk&rft.atitle=Table+1.1%3A+Scottish+population+by+ethnic+group+-+All+People&rft.date=2006-04-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scotland.gov.uk%2FPublications%2F2004%2F02%2F18876%2F32939&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScottish+diaspora" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Brancaz2016">Brancaz (2015)</a>, para. 5. Citing: <a href="#Harper2003">Harper (2003)</a>, pp. 359–360</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Khoo_&_McDonald-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Khoo_&_McDonald_51-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Khoo_&_McDonald_51-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKhooMcDonald2003" class="citation book cs1">Khoo, Siew-Ean; McDonald, Peter F., eds. (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=SSYpnyHk9rcC&q=The+Transformation+of+Australia%27s+Population%3A+1970-2030"><i>The Transformation of Australia's Population: 1970–2030</i></a>. UNSW Press. p. 164. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780868405025" title="Special:BookSources/9780868405025"><bdi>9780868405025</bdi></a> – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Transformation+of+Australia%27s+Population%3A+1970%E2%80%932030&rft.pages=164&rft.pub=UNSW+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=9780868405025&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DSSYpnyHk9rcC%26q%3DThe%2BTransformation%2Bof%2BAustralia%2527s%2BPopulation%253A%2B1970-2030&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScottish+diaspora" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181211010102/https://www.dss.gov.au/sites/default/files/documents/01_2014/poa-2008.pdf">"The People of Australia: Statistics from the 2006 Census"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>DSS.gov.au</i>. Department of Immigration and Citizenship. 2008. p. 50. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dss.gov.au/sites/default/files/documents/01_2014/poa-2008.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 11 December 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 July</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=DSS.gov.au&rft.atitle=The+People+of+Australia%3A+Statistics+from+the+2006+Census&rft.pages=50&rft.date=2008&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dss.gov.au%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fdocuments%2F01_2014%2Fpoa-2008.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScottish+diaspora" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-omi.wa.gov.au-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-omi.wa.gov.au_53-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-omi.wa.gov.au_53-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140529194052/http://www.omi.wa.gov.au/resources/publications/LocalGovernment/The_People_of_Australia.pdf">"The People of Australia: Statistics from the 2011 Census"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>OMI.WA.gov.au</i>. p. 55. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.omi.wa.gov.au/resources/publications/LocalGovernment/The_People_of_Australia.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 29 May 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 January</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=OMI.WA.gov.au&rft.atitle=The+People+of+Australia%3A+Statistics+from+the+2011+Census&rft.pages=55&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.omi.wa.gov.au%2Fresources%2Fpublications%2FLocalGovernment%2FThe_People_of_Australia.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScottish+diaspora" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abs.gov.au/websitedbs/censushome.nsf/home/CO-62">"2011 Census data shows more than 300 ancestries reported in Australia"</a>. <i>ABS.gov.au</i>. 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Warszawa. 1890. p. 782.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=S%C5%82ownik+geograficzny+Kr%C3%B3lestwa+Polskiego+i+innych+kraj%C3%B3w+s%C5%82owia%C5%84skich%2C+Tom+XI&rft.place=Warszawa&rft.pages=782&rft.date=1890&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScottish+diaspora" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChorzempa1993" class="citation book cs1">Chorzempa, Rosemary A. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 October</span> 2012</span> – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Polish+Roots&rft.pages=68&rft.pub=Genealogical+Pub.&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=9780806313788&rft.aulast=Chorzempa&rft.aufirst=Rosemary+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dtb0u8ZzaiRYC%26pg%3DPA68&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScottish+diaspora" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090303134041/http://scotland.org/about/history-tradition-and-roots/features/culture/1576.html">"Scotland and Poland"</a>. Scotland.org. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scotland.org/about/history-tradition-and-roots/features/culture/1576.html">the original</a> on 3 March 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 March</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Scotland+and+Poland&rft.pub=Scotland.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scotland.org%2Fabout%2Fhistory-tradition-and-roots%2Ffeatures%2Fculture%2F1576.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScottish+diaspora" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/legacies/immig_emig/scotland/s_ne/article_1.shtml">"Legacies – Immigration and Emigration – Scotland – North-East Scotland – Aberdeen's Baltic Adventure – Article Page 1"</a>. BBC. 5 October 2003<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 March</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Legacies+%E2%80%93+Immigration+and+Emigration+%E2%80%93+Scotland+%E2%80%93+North-East+Scotland+%E2%80%93+Aberdeen%27s+Baltic+Adventure+%E2%80%93+Article+Page+1&rft.pub=BBC&rft.date=2003-10-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Flegacies%2Fimmig_emig%2Fscotland%2Fs_ne%2Farticle_1.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScottish+diaspora" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.warsaw-life.com/news/news/1228-Warsaw's_Scottish_Mayor_Remembered">"Warsaw's Scottish Mayor Remembered"</a>. <i>Warsaw-Life.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 March</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Warsaw-Life.com&rft.atitle=Warsaw%27s+Scottish+Mayor+Remembered&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.warsaw-life.com%2Fnews%2Fnews%2F1228-Warsaw%27s_Scottish_Mayor_Remembered&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScottish+diaspora" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWijaczka2010201-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWijaczka2010201_82-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWijaczka2010">Wijaczka 2010</a>, p. 201.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Słownik geograficzny Królestwa Polskiego i innych krajów słowiańskich, Tom XI</i>. p. 923.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=S%C5%82ownik+geograficzny+Kr%C3%B3lestwa+Polskiego+i+innych+kraj%C3%B3w+s%C5%82owia%C5%84skich%2C+Tom+XI&rft.pages=923&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScottish+diaspora" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStojanowski2015" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Stojanowski, Hubert (2015). <i>Koloryt ziemi suwalskiej</i> (in Polish and English). Translated by Dudek, Zdzisław. Suwałki. pp. 8–9. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-83-926944-6-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-83-926944-6-5"><bdi>978-83-926944-6-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Koloryt+ziemi+suwalskiej&rft.place=Suwa%C5%82ki&rft.pages=8-9&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-83-926944-6-5&rft.aulast=Stojanowski&rft.aufirst=Hubert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScottish+diaspora" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><i>Słownik geograficzny Królestwa Polskiego i innych krajów słowiańskich, Tom VIII</i> (in Polish). Warszawa. 1887. p. 697.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=S%C5%82ownik+geograficzny+Kr%C3%B3lestwa+Polskiego+i+innych+kraj%C3%B3w+s%C5%82owia%C5%84skich%2C+Tom+VIII&rft.place=Warszawa&rft.pages=697&rft.date=1887&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScottish+diaspora" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://stat.gov.pl/cps/rde/xbcr/gus/LUD_ludnosc_stan_str_dem_spo_NSP2011.pdf"><i>Ludność. Stan i struktura demograficzno-społeczna. Narodowy Spis Powszechny Ludności i Mieszkań 2011</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (in Polish). Warszawa: Główny Urząd Statystyczny. 2013. p. 266. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-83-7027-521-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-83-7027-521-1"><bdi>978-83-7027-521-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ludno%C5%9B%C4%87.+Stan+i+struktura+demograficzno-spo%C5%82eczna.+Narodowy+Spis+Powszechny+Ludno%C5%9Bci+i+Mieszka%C5%84+2011&rft.place=Warszawa&rft.pages=266&rft.pub=G%C5%82%C3%B3wny+Urz%C4%85d+Statystyczny&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-83-7027-521-1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fstat.gov.pl%2Fcps%2Frde%2Fxbcr%2Fgus%2FLUD_ludnosc_stan_str_dem_spo_NSP2011.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScottish+diaspora" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFeduszka200956–57-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFeduszka200956–57_87-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFeduszka2009">Feduszka 2009</a>, pp. 56–57.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scottish_diaspora&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFeduszka2009" class="citation magazine cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Feduszka, Jacek (2009). "Szkoci i Anglicy w Zamościu w XVI-XVIII wieku". <i>Czasy Nowożytne</i> (in Polish). Vol. 22. Zarząd Główny Polskiego Towarzystwa Historycznego. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1428-8982">1428-8982</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Czasy+Nowo%C5%BCytne&rft.atitle=Szkoci+i+Anglicy+w+Zamo%C5%9Bciu+w+XVI-XVIII+wieku&rft.volume=22&rft.date=2009&rft.issn=1428-8982&rft.aulast=Feduszka&rft.aufirst=Jacek&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScottish+diaspora" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWijaczka2010" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Wijaczka, Jacek (2010). "Szkoci". In Kopczyński, Michał; Tygielski, Wojciech (eds.). <i>Pod wspólnym niebem. Narody dawnej Rzeczypospolitej</i> (in Polish). Warszawa: Muzeum Historii Polski, Bellona. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-83-11-11724-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-83-11-11724-2"><bdi>978-83-11-11724-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Szkoci&rft.btitle=Pod+wsp%C3%B3lnym+niebem.+Narody+dawnej+Rzeczypospolitej&rft.place=Warszawa&rft.pub=Muzeum+Historii+Polski%2C+Bellona&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-83-11-11724-2&rft.aulast=Wijaczka&rft.aufirst=Jacek&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScottish+diaspora" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_link">External link</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scottish_diaspora&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: External link"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kWrMvo2tLJo&t=3s">Imaginaire Celtique YouTube: "The Celtes around the World", with Gearóid Ó hAllmhuráin, Director of School of Irish Studies, Concordia University.</a> </p> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=United_Kingdom&#124;link=United_Kingdom_British_diaspora" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:British_diaspora" title="Template:British diaspora"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:British_diaspora" title="Template talk:British diaspora"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:British_diaspora" title="Special:EditPage/Template:British diaspora"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=United_Kingdom&#124;link=United_Kingdom_British_diaspora" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><img alt="United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/British_diaspora" title="British diaspora">British diaspora</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cornish_diaspora" title="Cornish diaspora">Cornish diaspora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_diaspora" title="English diaspora">English diaspora</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Scottish diaspora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_people#Welsh_emigration" title="Welsh people">Welsh diaspora</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/British_diaspora_in_Africa" title="British diaspora in Africa">Africa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/White_South_Africans" title="White South Africans">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Zimbabweans" title="White Zimbabweans"> Zimbabwe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Kenyans" class="mw-redirect" title="White Kenyans"> Kenya</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">East Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Britons_in_China" title="Britons in China">China</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Britons_in_Hong_Kong" title="Britons in Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Britons_in_Japan" title="Britons in Japan">Japan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">South Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Britons_in_Bangladesh" title="Britons in Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Britons_in_India" title="Britons in India">India</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Indian" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglo-Indian">English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish-Indian" class="mw-redirect" title="Scottish-Indian">Scottish</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_people_in_Pakistan" title="British people in Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li>Sri Lanka <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Burgher_people" title="Burgher people">Burgher</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Southeast Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Burmese_people" title="Anglo-Burmese people">Myanmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farang" title="Farang">Thailand</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Middle East</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cyprus%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations#Britons_in_Cyprus" title="Cyprus–United Kingdom relations">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expatriates_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates#British" title="Expatriates in the United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Britons_in_Turkey" title="Britons in Turkey">Turkey</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_migration_to_France" title="British migration to France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_migration_to_Germany" title="British migration to Germany">Germany</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Irish_people" title="Anglo-Irish people">English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulster_Scots_people" title="Ulster Scots people">Scottish</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_in_Italy" title="British in Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_migration_to_Portugal" title="British migration to Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_migration_to_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="British migration to Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=British_people_in_Sweden&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="British people in Sweden (page does not exist)">Sweden</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Britter_och_nordirl%C3%A4ndare_i_Sverige" class="extiw" title="sv:Britter och nordirländare i Sverige">sv</a>]</span></li> <li>Russia <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Russian" title="Anglo-Russian">English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Russians" title="Scottish Russians">Scottish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Russians" title="Irish Russians">Irish</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Britons_in_Turkey" title="Britons in Turkey">Turkey</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Americans" title="Anglo-Americans">North America</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_Canadians" title="British Canadians">Canada</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Indian_Canadians" title="Anglo-Indian Canadians">Anglo-Indian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-M%C3%A9tis" title="Anglo-Métis">Anglo-Métis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornish_Canadians" title="Cornish Canadians">Cornish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_Canadians" title="English Canadians">English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scotch-Irish_Canadians" title="Scotch-Irish Canadians">Scotch-Irish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Canadians" title="Scottish Canadians">Scottish</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Scots-Quebecer" class="mw-redirect" title="Scots-Quebecer">Quebec</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_Canadians" title="Welsh Canadians">Welsh</a></li></ul></li> <li>Jamaica <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Jamaicans" title="Scottish Jamaicans">Scottish</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Britons_in_Mexico" title="Britons in Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li>Nicaragua <ul><li><a href="/wiki/English_settlement_in_Nicaragua" title="English settlement in Nicaragua">English</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Americans" title="British Americans">United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cornish_Americans" title="Cornish Americans">Cornish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_Americans" title="English Americans">English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manx_Americans" title="Manx Americans">Manx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Stock_Americans" title="Old Stock Americans">Old Stock Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Americans" title="Scottish Americans">Scottish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scotch-Irish_Americans" title="Scotch-Irish Americans">Scotch-Irish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_Americans" title="Welsh Americans">Welsh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Anglo-Saxon_Protestants" title="White Anglo-Saxon Protestants">White Anglo-Saxon Protestants</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/British_Latin_American" title="British Latin American">South America</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Argentina <ul><li><a href="/wiki/English_Argentines" title="English Argentines">English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Argentine" class="mw-redirect" title="Scottish Argentine">Scottish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Y_Wladfa" title="Y Wladfa">Welsh</a></li></ul></li> <li>Brazil <ul><li><a href="/wiki/English_Brazilians" title="English Brazilians">English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Brazilians" title="Scottish Brazilians">Scottish</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Caribbean_people" title="White Caribbean people">Caribbean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Chileans" title="British Chileans">Chile</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/English_Chileans" title="English Chileans">English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Chilean" class="mw-redirect" title="Scottish Chilean">Scottish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_Chilean" class="mw-redirect" title="Welsh Chilean">Welsh</a></li></ul></li> <li>Paraguay <ul><li><a href="/wiki/English_people_in_Paraguay" title="English people in Paraguay">English</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Peruvians" title="British Peruvians">Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Uruguayans" title="British Uruguayans">Uruguay</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Celtic_Australians" title="Anglo-Celtic Australians">Australia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cornish_Australians" title="Cornish Australians">Cornish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_Australians" title="English Australians">English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Australians" title="Scottish Australians">Scottish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_Australians" title="Welsh Australians">Welsh</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_New_Zealanders" title="European New Zealanders">New Zealand</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/English_New_Zealanders" title="English New Zealanders">English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_New_Zealanders" title="Scottish New Zealanders">Scottish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_New_Zealanders" title="Welsh New Zealanders">Welsh</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="European_diasporas" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:European_diasporas" title="Template:European diasporas"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:European_diasporas" title="Template talk:European diasporas"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:European_diasporas" title="Special:EditPage/Template:European diasporas"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="European_diasporas" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/European_emigration" title="European emigration">European diasporas</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/British_diaspora" title="British diaspora">Britain</a> and Ireland</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cornish_diaspora" title="Cornish diaspora">Cornish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_diaspora" title="English diaspora">English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_diaspora" title="Irish diaspora">Irish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manx_people" title="Manx people">Manx</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Scottish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_people#Welsh_emigration" title="Welsh people">Welsh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Caucasus</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_diaspora" title="Armenian diaspora">Armenians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_diaspora" title="Azerbaijani diaspora">Azerbaijanis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circassian_diaspora" title="Circassian diaspora">Circassians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chechen_diaspora" title="Chechen diaspora">Chechens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_diaspora" title="Georgian diaspora">Georgians</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Central Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Austrians_Abroad" title="Austrians Abroad">Austrians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech_diaspora" title="Czech diaspora">Czechs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_diaspora" title="Croatian diaspora">Croats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_diaspora" title="German diaspora">Germans</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Volksdeutsche" title="Volksdeutsche">Volksdeutsche</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_diaspora" title="Hungarian diaspora">Hungarians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashubian_diaspora" title="Kashubian diaspora">Kashubians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_diaspora" title="Polish diaspora">Poles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovak_diaspora" title="Slovak diaspora">Slovaks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovene_diaspora" title="Slovene diaspora">Slovenes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_abroad" title="Swiss abroad">Swiss</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Eastern Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Belarusian_diaspora" title="Belarusian diaspora">Belarusians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimean_Tatar_diaspora" title="Crimean Tatar diaspora">Crimean Tatars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_diaspora" title="Russian diaspora">Russians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_diaspora" title="Ukrainian diaspora">Ukrainians</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Northern Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Danes#Diaspora" title="Danes">Danes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonians#Emigration" title="Estonians">Estonians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_diaspora" title="Finnish diaspora">Finns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icelandic_diaspora" title="Icelandic diaspora">Icelanders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latvian_diaspora" title="Latvian diaspora">Latvians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanians#Diaspora" title="Lithuanians">Lithuanians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_diaspora" title="Norwegian diaspora">Norwegians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_diaspora" title="Swedish diaspora">Swedes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Southeastern Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_diaspora" title="Albanian diaspora">Albanians</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Emigration_from_Kosovo" title="Emigration from Kosovo">Kosovars</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aromanian_diaspora" title="Aromanian diaspora">Aromanians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosnian_diaspora" title="Bosnian diaspora">Bosnians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_diaspora" title="Bulgarian diaspora">Bulgarians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Cyprus" title="Demographics of Cyprus">Cypriots</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Greek_Cypriot_diaspora" title="Greek Cypriot diaspora">Greek Cypriots</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Turkish_Cypriot_diaspora" title="Turkish Cypriot diaspora">Turkish Cypriots</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_diaspora" title="Greek diaspora">Greeks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonian_diaspora" title="Macedonian diaspora">Macedonians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_diaspora" title="Romanian diaspora">Romanians</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Moldovan_diaspora" title="Moldovan diaspora">Moldovans</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_diaspora" title="Serbian diaspora">Serbs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_diaspora" title="Turkish diaspora">Turks</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Turkish_diaspora#Diaspora_of_Meskhetian_Turks" title="Turkish diaspora">Meskhetian Turks</a></span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Southwestern Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italian_diaspora" title="Italian diaspora">Italians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maltese_people#Maltese_emigration_and_expatriation" title="Maltese people">Maltese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_diaspora" class="mw-redirect" title="Portuguese diaspora">Portuguese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_diaspora" title="Spanish diaspora">Spaniards</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asturians#Emigration" title="Asturians">Asturians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basque_diaspora" title="Basque diaspora">Basques</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isle%C3%B1os" title="Isleños">Canarians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catalans" title="Catalans">Catalans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galician_diaspora" title="Galician diaspora">Galicians</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Western Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Belgian_diaspora" class="mw-redirect" title="Belgian diaspora">Belgians</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Flemish_people#Diaspora" title="Flemish people">Flanders</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Walloon_people#Diaspora" class="mw-redirect" title="Walloon people">Walloons</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_diaspora" title="Dutch diaspora">Dutch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_diaspora" title="French diaspora">French</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Quebec_diaspora" title="Quebec diaspora">Quebecois</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breton_people#Breton_diaspora" class="mw-redirect" title="Breton people">Bretons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corsican_people#The_Corsican_diaspora" class="mw-redirect" title="Corsican people">Corsicans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luxembourgers#Location" title="Luxembourgers">Luxembourgers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Comprehensive group</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Americans" title="European Americans">America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argentines_of_European_descent" title="Argentines of European descent">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Australians" title="European Australians">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Brazilians" title="White Brazilians">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Canadians" title="European Canadians">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Moroccans" title="European Moroccans">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_New_Zealanders" title="European New Zealanders">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Pakistanis" title="European Pakistanis">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peruvians_of_European_descent" title="Peruvians of European descent">Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Tunisians" title="European Tunisians">Tunisia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venezuelans_of_European_descent" title="Venezuelans of European descent">Venezuela</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img 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