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Mae Murray - Wikipedia

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Available in 20 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-20" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">20 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mae_Murray" title="Mae Murray – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Mae Murray" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%8A_%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%8A" title="ماي موراي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ماي موراي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%8C" title="مای مورای – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="مای مورای" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mae_Murray" title="Mae Murray – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Mae Murray" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mae_Murray" title="Mae Murray – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Mae Murray" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mae_Murray" title="Mae Murray – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Mae Murray" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%8C_%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="می موری – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="می موری" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mae_Murray" title="Mae Murray – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Mae Murray" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A9%94%EC%9D%B4_%EB%A8%B8%EB%A6%AC" title="메이 머리 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="메이 머리" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mae_Murray" title="Mae Murray – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Mae Murray" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mae_Murray" title="Mae Murray – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Mae Murray" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mae_Murray" title="Mae Murray – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Mae Murray" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A1%E3%82%A4%E3%83%BB%E3%83%9E%E3%83%AC%E3%83%BC" title="メイ・マレー – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="メイ・マレー" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mae_Murray" title="Mae Murray – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Mae Murray" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mae_Murray" title="Mae Murray – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Mae Murray" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mae_Murray" title="Mae Murray – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Mae Murray" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%8E%D1%80%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9,_%D0%9C%D1%8D%D0%B9" title="Мюррей, Мэй – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Мюррей, Мэй" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mae_Murray" title="Mae Murray – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Mae Murray" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mae_Murray" title="Mae Murray – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Mae Murray" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li 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</div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Actress, dancer, film producer, screenwriter (1885–1965)</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Mae Murray</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Mae_Murray_-_Motion_Picture_Classic_1916_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Mae_Murray_-_Motion_Picture_Classic_1916_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Mae_Murray_-_Motion_Picture_Classic_1916_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="299" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Mae_Murray_-_Motion_Picture_Classic_1916_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Mae_Murray_-_Motion_Picture_Classic_1916_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Mae_Murray_-_Motion_Picture_Classic_1916_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Mae_Murray_-_Motion_Picture_Classic_1916_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2569" data-file-height="3487" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Murray in 1916</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Marie Adrienne Koenig</div><br /><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1885-05-10</span>)</span>May 10, 1885<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace">New York City, U.S.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">March 23, 1965<span style="display:none">(1965-03-23)</span> (aged&#160;79)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Woodland_Hills,_Los_Angeles,_California" class="mw-redirect" title="Woodland Hills, Los Angeles, California">Woodland Hills, Los Angeles, California</a>, U.S.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Resting place</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/Valhalla_Memorial_Park_Cemetery" title="Valhalla Memorial Park Cemetery">Valhalla Memorial Park Cemetery</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupations</th><td class="infobox-data role"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Actress</li><li>dancer</li><li>film producer</li><li>screenwriter</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Years&#160;active</th><td class="infobox-data">1916–1931</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouses</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style></li></ul> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;">William M. Schwenker Jr.</div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px">&#8203;</div>&#32;<div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;">&#8203;</div>&#40;<abbr title="married">m.</abbr>&#160;1908&#59;&#32;<abbr title="divorced">div.</abbr>&#160;1910&#41;<wbr />&#8203;</div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1151524712"></li></ul> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;">Jay O'Brien</div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px">&#8203;</div>&#32;<div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;">&#8203;</div>&#40;<abbr title="married">m.</abbr>&#160;1916&#59;&#32;<abbr title="divorced">div.</abbr>&#160;1918&#41;<wbr />&#8203;</div><sup id="cite_ref-Motion_Picture_World_1918_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Motion_Picture_World_1918-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1151524712"></li></ul> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Z._Leonard" title="Robert Z. Leonard">Robert Z. Leonard</a></div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px">&#8203;</div>&#32;<div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;">&#8203;</div>&#40;<abbr title="married">m.</abbr>&#160;1918&#59;&#32;<abbr title="divorced">div.</abbr>&#160;1925&#41;<wbr />&#8203;</div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1151524712"></li></ul> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Mdivani" title="Mdivani">David Mdivani</a></div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px">&#8203;</div>&#32;<div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;">&#8203;</div>&#40;<abbr title="married">m.</abbr>&#160;1926&#59;&#32;<abbr title="divorced">div.</abbr>&#160;1934&#41;<wbr />&#8203;</div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">1</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Signature</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="infobox-signature skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mae_Murray_signature.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Mae_Murray_signature.svg/150px-Mae_Murray_signature.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="57" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Mae_Murray_signature.svg/225px-Mae_Murray_signature.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Mae_Murray_signature.svg/300px-Mae_Murray_signature.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="408" data-file-height="156" /></a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Mae Murray</b> (born <b>Marie Adrienne Koenig</b>; May 10, 1885 – March 23, 1965) was an American actress, dancer, film producer, and screenwriter. Murray rose to fame during the <a href="/wiki/Silent_film" title="Silent film">silent film</a> era and was known as "The Girl with the Bee-Stung Lips" and "The Gardenia of the Screen".<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mae_Murray&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Murray was born in New York City, the second-oldest child of Joseph and Mary (née Miller) Koenig. Her maternal grandparents had emigrated from France while her paternal grandparents had emigrated from Germany. She had two brothers, William Robert and Howard Joseph.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>The family eventually moved to an apartment in the <a href="/wiki/Lower_East_Side" title="Lower East Side">Lower East Side</a>. In May 1896, Murray's father, died from acute gastritis due to his alcoholism. To support the family, her mother took a job as a housekeeper for <a href="/wiki/Harry_Payne_Whitney" title="Harry Payne Whitney">Harry Payne Whitney</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career">Career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mae_Murray&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: Career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Stage">Stage</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mae_Murray&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: Stage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Murray began acting on the Broadway stage in 1906 with dancer <a href="/wiki/Vernon_and_Irene_Castle" title="Vernon and Irene Castle">Vernon Castle</a>. In 1908, she joined the <a href="/wiki/Chorus_line" title="Chorus line">chorus line</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Ziegfeld_Follies" title="Ziegfeld Follies">Ziegfeld Follies</a>, moving to headliner by 1915. Murray became a star of the club circuit in both the United States and Europe, performing with <a href="/wiki/Clifton_Webb" title="Clifton Webb">Clifton Webb</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rudolph_Valentino" title="Rudolph Valentino">Rudolph Valentino</a>, and <a href="/wiki/John_Gilbert_(actor)" title="John Gilbert (actor)">John Gilbert</a> as some of her many dance partners.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>&#93;</sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Broadway_Rose_1922.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Broadway_Rose_1922.jpg/220px-Broadway_Rose_1922.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Broadway_Rose_1922.jpg/330px-Broadway_Rose_1922.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Broadway_Rose_1922.jpg/440px-Broadway_Rose_1922.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1153" /></a><figcaption>Murray and <a href="/wiki/Monte_Blue" title="Monte Blue">Monte Blue</a> in <i><a href="/wiki/Broadway_Rose_(1922_film)" class="mw-redirect" title="Broadway Rose (1922 film)">Broadway Rose</a></i> (1922)</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Films">Films</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mae_Murray&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section: Films"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Murray made her motion picture debut in <i><a href="/wiki/To_Have_and_to_Hold_(1916_film)" title="To Have and to Hold (1916 film)">To Have and to Hold</a></i> in 1916. She became a major star for <a href="/wiki/Universal_Pictures" title="Universal Pictures">Universal</a>, starring with <a href="/wiki/Rudolph_Valentino" title="Rudolph Valentino">Rudolph Valentino</a> in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Delicious_Little_Devil" title="The Delicious Little Devil">The Delicious Little Devil</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Big_Little_Person" class="mw-redirect" title="Big Little Person">Big Little Person</a></i> in 1919. At the height of her popularity, Murray formed her own production company with <a href="/wiki/Robert_Z._Leonard" title="Robert Z. Leonard">Robert Z. Leonard</a>. Critics were sometimes less than thrilled with her over-the-top costumes and exaggerated emoting, but her films were popular with movie-going audiences and financially successful.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>&#93;</sup> </p><p>In 1925, Murray, Leonard, and Stahl produced films at <a href="/wiki/Tiffany_Pictures" title="Tiffany Pictures">Tiffany Pictures</a>, with <i>Souls for Sables</i> (1925), starring <a href="/wiki/Claire_Windsor" title="Claire Windsor">Claire Windsor</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eugene_O%27Brien_(actor)" title="Eugene O&#39;Brien (actor)">Eugene O'Brien</a>, as the first film made by Tiffany. For a brief period of time, Murray wrote a weekly column for newspaper scion <a href="/wiki/William_Randolph_Hearst" title="William Randolph Hearst">William Randolph Hearst</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>&#93;</sup> </p><p>At her career peak in the early 1920s, Murray, with other notable Hollywood personalities such as <a href="/wiki/Cecil_B._DeMille" title="Cecil B. DeMille">Cecil B. DeMille</a>, <a href="/wiki/Douglas_Fairbanks" title="Douglas Fairbanks">Douglas Fairbanks</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_S._Hart" title="William S. Hart">William S. Hart</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jesse_L._Lasky" title="Jesse L. Lasky">Jesse L. Lasky</a>, <a href="/wiki/Harold_Lloyd" title="Harold Lloyd">Harold Lloyd</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hal_Roach" title="Hal Roach">Hal Roach</a>, <a href="/wiki/Donald_Crisp" title="Donald Crisp">Donald Crisp</a>, <a href="/wiki/Conrad_Nagel" title="Conrad Nagel">Conrad Nagel</a> and <a href="/wiki/Irving_Thalberg" title="Irving Thalberg">Irving Thalberg</a>, was a member of the board of trustees at the <a href="/wiki/Motion_Picture_%26_Television_Fund" title="Motion Picture &amp; Television Fund">Motion Picture &amp; Television Fund</a> – a charitable organization that offers assistance and care to those in the motion picture and television industries without resources. Four decades later, Murray received aid from this organization.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>&#93;</sup> </p><p>In the early 1920s, Murray was painted by Hollywood portrait painter <a href="/wiki/Theodore_Lukits" title="Theodore Lukits">Theodore Lukits</a>. This work titled <i>Symphony in Jade and Gold (The Actress Mae Murray)</i> (1922, private collection, northern California) depicted Murray nude, gazing in a mirror. It was exhibited at the Pacific Asia Museum in 1999 and two other venues as part of the exhibition <i>Theodore Lukits, An American Orientalist</i>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>&#93;</sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mae_Murray_Photoplay_August_1916.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Mae_Murray_Photoplay_August_1916.png/200px-Mae_Murray_Photoplay_August_1916.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="301" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Mae_Murray_Photoplay_August_1916.png/300px-Mae_Murray_Photoplay_August_1916.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Mae_Murray_Photoplay_August_1916.png/400px-Mae_Murray_Photoplay_August_1916.png 2x" data-file-width="495" data-file-height="745" /></a><figcaption>Murray featured in <i><a href="/wiki/Photoplay" title="Photoplay">Photoplay</a></i> magazine, 1916</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Decline">Decline</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mae_Murray&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Edit section: Decline"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mae_Murray_in_The_Masked_Bride.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Mae_Murray_in_The_Masked_Bride.jpg/170px-Mae_Murray_in_The_Masked_Bride.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="213" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Mae_Murray_in_The_Masked_Bride.jpg/255px-Mae_Murray_in_The_Masked_Bride.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Mae_Murray_in_The_Masked_Bride.jpg/340px-Mae_Murray_in_The_Masked_Bride.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1440" data-file-height="1800" /></a><figcaption>Murray in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Masked_Bride" title="The Masked Bride">The Masked Bride</a></i> (1925).</figcaption></figure> <p>Murray appeared in the title role in the <a href="/wiki/Erich_von_Stroheim" title="Erich von Stroheim">Erich von Stroheim</a>-directed film <i><a href="/wiki/The_Merry_Widow_(1925_film)" title="The Merry Widow (1925 film)">The Merry Widow</a></i> (1925), with <a href="/wiki/John_Gilbert_(actor)" title="John Gilbert (actor)">John Gilbert</a>. When silent films gave way to sound film, she debuted in the medium in <i><a href="/wiki/Peacock_Alley_(1930_film)" title="Peacock Alley (1930 film)">Peacock Alley</a></i> (1930), a remake of her earlier 1921 version <i><a href="/wiki/Peacock_Alley_(1921_film)" class="mw-redirect" title="Peacock Alley (1921 film)">Peacock Alley</a></i>. In 1931, she was cast with <a href="/wiki/Irene_Dunne" title="Irene Dunne">Irene Dunne</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lowell_Sherman" title="Lowell Sherman">Lowell Sherman</a>, and fellow silent screen star <a href="/wiki/Norman_Kerry" title="Norman Kerry">Norman Kerry</a> in <i><a href="/wiki/Bachelor_Apartment_(film)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bachelor Apartment (film)">Bachelor Apartment</a></i>. The film was critically panned at the time of release,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>&#93;</sup> and Murray made only one more film: <i>High Stakes</i> (1931), also with Sherman. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Signed_drawing_of_Mae_Murray_by_Manuel_Rosenberg_1927.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Signed_drawing_of_Mae_Murray_by_Manuel_Rosenberg_1927.jpg/220px-Signed_drawing_of_Mae_Murray_by_Manuel_Rosenberg_1927.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="278" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Signed_drawing_of_Mae_Murray_by_Manuel_Rosenberg_1927.jpg/330px-Signed_drawing_of_Mae_Murray_by_Manuel_Rosenberg_1927.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Signed_drawing_of_Mae_Murray_by_Manuel_Rosenberg_1927.jpg/440px-Signed_drawing_of_Mae_Murray_by_Manuel_Rosenberg_1927.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2512" data-file-height="3177" /></a><figcaption>Signed drawing by <a href="/wiki/Manuel_Rosenberg" title="Manuel Rosenberg">Manuel Rosenberg</a> 1927</figcaption></figure> <p>A critical blow to her film career occurred after she married her fourth husband <a href="/wiki/Mdivani" title="Mdivani">David Mdivani</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)">Georgian</a> man of minor aristocratic roots, whose brothers Serge and Alexis married actress <a href="/wiki/Pola_Negri" title="Pola Negri">Pola Negri</a> and the heiress <a href="/wiki/Barbara_Hutton" title="Barbara Hutton">Barbara Hutton</a> respectively. The couple married on June 27, 1926, and Mdivani became her manager, suggesting that his new wife ought to leave MGM. Murray took her husband's advice and walked out of her contract with MGM, making a powerful foe of studio boss <a href="/wiki/Louis_B._Mayer" title="Louis B. Mayer">Louis B. Mayer</a>. Later, she swallowed her pride and pleaded to return, but Mayer would not rehire her. In effect, Mayer's hostility meant that Murray was blacklisted from working for the Hollywood studios.<sup id="cite_ref-Hill_2009_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hill_2009-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Meanwhile, in 1927, Murray was sued by her then-masseuse, the famous Hollywood fitness guru <a href="/wiki/Sylvia_of_Hollywood" title="Sylvia of Hollywood">Sylvia of Hollywood</a>, for the outstanding amount of $2,125; a humiliating and detailed court case followed.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Later_years">Later years</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mae_Murray&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Edit section: Later years"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the 1940s, Murray appeared regularly at <a href="/wiki/Billy_Rose" title="Billy Rose">Billy Rose</a>'s Diamond Horseshoe, a nightclub that specialized in a <a href="/wiki/Gay_Nineties" title="Gay Nineties">"Gay '90s"</a> atmosphere, often presenting stars of the past for nostalgic value. Her appearances collected mixed reviews: her dancing (in particular the Merry Widow Waltz) was well received, but she was criticized for her youthful costumes and heavy makeup application, which were seen as attempts to conceal her age. In 1946 she taught ballroom dancing to teenagers at a dance studio in Los Angeles. It was located on Crenshaw Blvd., near 48th Street. </p><p>Murray's finances continued to collapse, and for most of her later life, she lived in poverty. She was the subject of the authorized biography <i>The Self-Enchanted</i> (1959), written by Jane Ardmore, that has been incorrectly called Murray's autobiography. </p><p>On the evening of February 19, 1964, 78-year-old Murray was found disoriented in St. Louis, thinking that she had completed a bus trip to New York City. Murray explained to a Salvation Army officer that she had become lost trying to find her hotel, which she had forgotten the name of. She also refused bus fare back to Los Angeles as she claimed to have a ticket for the remainder of the journey in her purse "if she could find it."<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mae_Murray&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="Edit section: Personal life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Prince_David_Mdivani_and_Mae_Murray,_1926.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Prince_David_Mdivani_and_Mae_Murray%2C_1926.jpg/220px-Prince_David_Mdivani_and_Mae_Murray%2C_1926.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="322" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e5/Prince_David_Mdivani_and_Mae_Murray%2C_1926.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="325" data-file-height="475" /></a><figcaption>Murray with fourth husband <a href="/wiki/Mdivani" title="Mdivani">David Mdivani</a> in 1926</figcaption></figure> <p>In September 1908, in Hoboken, New Jersey, while she was appearing in the <i>Follies of 1908</i>, Murray married William M. Schwenker Jr. (born 1885), the unemployed son of a brewery-supply dealer, who cut off his son's allowance upon news of the wedding;<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> they divorced in 1910. On December 18, 1916, she married former dancer and future Olympic bobsled champion <a href="/wiki/Jay_O%27Brien_(bobsleigh)" title="Jay O&#39;Brien (bobsleigh)">Jay O'Brien</a>. He had been married to <a href="/wiki/Irene_Fenwick" title="Irene Fenwick">Irene Fenwick</a>. </p><p>After divorcing O'Brien in 1918,<sup id="cite_ref-Motion_Picture_World_1918_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Motion_Picture_World_1918-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Murray wed movie director <a href="/wiki/Robert_Z._Leonard" title="Robert Z. Leonard">Robert Z. Leonard</a> on August 18, 1918; they divorced on May 26, 1925. </p><p>Murray married <a href="/wiki/Mdivani" title="Mdivani">David Mdivani</a>, her fourth husband, on June 27, 1926. They had one child, Koran David Mdivani (1926-2018), then divorced in 1933. Koran later was raised by Sara Elizabeth "Bess" Cunning of Averill Park, New York, who began taking care of him in 1936 when the child was recovering from a double mastoid operation (Cunning's brother Dr. David Cunning was the surgeon). When Murray attempted to regain custody of her son in 1939, Cunning and her other brothers, John, Ambrose, and Cortland, refused, according to <i>The New York Times</i>, at which time Murray and her former husband Mdivani entered a bitter custody dispute. It finally ended in 1940, with Murray being given legal custody of the child and the court's ordering Mdivani to pay $400 per month in support. However, Koran Mdivani continued to live with Bess Cunning, who adopted him in 1940 under the name Daniel Michael Cunning.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Reportedly, Mdivani had managed to drain nearly all of Murray's money.<sup id="cite_ref-Hill_2009_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hill_2009-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Murray campaigned for the reelection of President <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Hoover" title="Herbert Hoover">Herbert Hoover</a> in 1932.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Death">Death</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mae_Murray&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8" title="Edit section: Death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mae_Murray_Grave.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Mae_Murray_Grave.JPG/200px-Mae_Murray_Grave.JPG" decoding="async" width="200" height="224" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Mae_Murray_Grave.JPG/300px-Mae_Murray_Grave.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Mae_Murray_Grave.JPG/400px-Mae_Murray_Grave.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2448" data-file-height="2736" /></a><figcaption>Grave of Mae Murray with the wrong year of birth, Valhalla Memorial Park</figcaption></figure> <p>Many years later, Murray moved into the <a href="/wiki/Motion_Picture_%26_Television_Country_House_and_Hospital" class="mw-redirect" title="Motion Picture &amp; Television Country House and Hospital">Motion Picture House</a> in Woodland Hills, California, a retirement community for Hollywood professionals. She died there on March 23, 1965, at the age of 79.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> She is interred in <a href="/wiki/Valhalla_Memorial_Park_Cemetery" title="Valhalla Memorial Park Cemetery">Valhalla Memorial Park Cemetery</a> in North Hollywood, California. </p><p>For her contribution to the motion picture industry, Mae Murray has a star on the <a href="/wiki/Hollywood_Walk_of_Fame" title="Hollywood Walk of Fame">Hollywood Walk of Fame</a> at 6318 Hollywood Blvd. She was one of three actresses (<a href="/wiki/Pola_Negri" title="Pola Negri">Pola Negri</a> and <a href="/wiki/Theda_Bara" title="Theda Bara">Theda Bara</a> were the others) whose eyes were combined to form the <a href="/wiki/Chicago_International_Film_Festival" title="Chicago International Film Festival">Chicago International Film Festival</a>'s logo, a stark, black-and-white close-up of the composite eyes set as repeated frames in a strip of film.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Filmography">Filmography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mae_Murray&amp;action=edit&amp;section=9" title="Edit section: Filmography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Key </caption> <tbody><tr> <td style="background:#ffc;">† </td> <td>Denotes a <a href="/wiki/Lost_film" title="Lost film">lost</a> or presumed lost film. </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Year </th> <th>Title </th> <th>Role </th> <th class="unsortable">Notes </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="5">1916 </td> <td style="background:#ffc;"><i><a href="/wiki/To_Have_and_to_Hold_(1916_film)" title="To Have and to Hold (1916 film)">To Have and to Hold</a></i> † </td> <td>Lady Jocelyn </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#ffc;"><i><a href="/wiki/Sweet_Kitty_Bellairs_(1916_film)" title="Sweet Kitty Bellairs (1916 film)">Sweet Kitty Bellairs</a></i> † </td> <td>Kitty Bellairs </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#ffc;"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Dream_Girl_(film)" title="The Dream Girl (film)">The Dream Girl</a></i> † </td> <td>Meg Dugan </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#ffc;"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Big_Sister_(film)" title="The Big Sister (film)">The Big Sister</a></i> † </td> <td>Betty Norton </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#ffc;"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Plow_Girl" title="The Plow Girl">The Plow Girl</a></i> † </td> <td>Margot </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="6">1917 </td> <td style="background:#ffc;"><i><a href="/wiki/On_Record_(film)" title="On Record (film)">On Record</a></i> † </td> <td>Helen Wayne </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><a href="/wiki/A_Mormon_Maid" title="A Mormon Maid">A Mormon Maid</a></i> </td> <td>Dora </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#ffc;"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Primrose_Ring_(film)" title="The Primrose Ring (film)">The Primrose Ring</a></i> † </td> <td>Margaret MacLean </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#ffc;"><i><a href="/wiki/At_First_Sight_(1917_film)" title="At First Sight (1917 film)">At First Sight</a></i> † </td> <td>Justina </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Princess_Virtue" title="Princess Virtue">Princess Virtue</a></i> </td> <td>Lianne Demarest </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Face_Value_(1918_film)" title="Face Value (1918 film)">Face Value</a></i> </td> <td>Joan Darby </td> <td>Writer (story) </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="5">1918 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/The_Bride%27s_Awakening" title="The Bride&#39;s Awakening">The Bride's Awakening</a></i> </td> <td>Elaine Bronson </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#ffc;"><i><a href="/wiki/Her_Body_in_Bond" title="Her Body in Bond">Her Body in Bond</a></i> † </td> <td>Peggy Blondin </td> <td>Alternative title: <i>The Heart of an Actress</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#ffc;"><i><a href="/wiki/Modern_Love_(1918_film)" title="Modern Love (1918 film)">Modern Love</a></i> † </td> <td>Della Arnold </td> <td>Writer (story) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#ffc;"><i>The Taming of Kaiser Bull</i> † </td> <td>Miss America </td> <td>Short </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#ffc;"><i><a href="/wiki/Danger,_Go_Slow" title="Danger, Go Slow">Danger, Go Slow</a></i> † </td> <td>Mugsy Mulane </td> <td>Writer </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="6">1919 </td> <td style="background:#ffc;"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Scarlet_Shadow" title="The Scarlet Shadow">The Scarlet Shadow</a></i> † </td> <td>Elena Evans </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><a href="/wiki/The_Twin_Pawns" title="The Twin Pawns">The Twin Pawns</a></i> </td> <td>Daisy/Violet White </td> <td>Alternative title: <i>The Curse of Greed</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><a href="/wiki/The_Delicious_Little_Devil" title="The Delicious Little Devil">The Delicious Little Devil</a></i> </td> <td>Mary McGuire </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#ffc;"><i><a href="/wiki/What_Am_I_Bid%3F" title="What Am I Bid?">What Am I Bid?</a></i> † </td> <td>Betty Yarnell </td> <td>Alternative title: <i>Girl For Sale</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#ffc;"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Big_Little_Person" title="The Big Little Person">The Big Little Person</a></i> † </td> <td>Arathea Manning </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><a href="/wiki/The_A.B.C._of_Love" title="The A.B.C. of Love">The A.B.C. of Love</a></i> </td> <td>Kate </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3">1920 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/On_with_the_Dance_(1920_film)" class="mw-redirect" title="On with the Dance (1920 film)">On with the Dance</a></i> </td> <td>Sonia </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Right_to_Love_(1920_film)" class="mw-redirect" title="Right to Love (1920 film)">Right to Love</a></i> </td> <td>Lady Falkland </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Idols_of_Clay_(1920_film)" class="mw-redirect" title="Idols of Clay (1920 film)">Idols of Clay</a></i> </td> <td>Faith Merrill </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1921 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/The_Gilded_Lily_(1921_film)" title="The Gilded Lily (1921 film)">The Gilded Lily</a></i> </td> <td>Lillian Drake </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3">1922 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Peacock_Alley_(1922_film)" title="Peacock Alley (1922 film)">Peacock Alley</a></i> </td> <td>Cleo of Paris </td> <td><b>Incomplete</b> film </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#ffc;"><i><a href="/wiki/Fascination_(1922_film)" title="Fascination (1922 film)">Fascination</a></i> † </td> <td>Dolores de Lisa </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Broadway_Rose_(1922_film)" class="mw-redirect" title="Broadway Rose (1922 film)">Broadway Rose</a></i> </td> <td>Rosalie Lawrence </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3">1923 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Jazzmania_(1923_film)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jazzmania (1923 film)">Jazzmania</a></i> </td> <td>Ninon </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#ffc;"><i><a href="/wiki/The_French_Doll" title="The French Doll">The French Doll</a></i> † </td> <td>Georgine Mazulier </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#ffc;"><i><a href="/wiki/Fashion_Row" title="Fashion Row">Fashion Row</a></i> † </td> <td>Olga Farinova/Zita (her younger sister) </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">1924 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Mademoiselle_Midnight" title="Mademoiselle Midnight">Mademoiselle Midnight</a></i> </td> <td>Renée de Gontran/Renée de Quiros </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Circe,_the_Enchantress" title="Circe, the Enchantress">Circe, the Enchantress</a></i> </td> <td>Circe (mythical goddess)/Cecilie Brunne </td> <td>Alternative title: <i>Circe</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">1925 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/The_Merry_Widow_(1925_film)" title="The Merry Widow (1925 film)">The Merry Widow</a></i> </td> <td>Sally O'Hara </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#ffc;"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Masked_Bride" title="The Masked Bride">The Masked Bride</a></i> † </td> <td>Gaby </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1926 </td> <td style="background:#ffc;"><i><a href="/wiki/Valencia_(1926_film)" title="Valencia (1926 film)">Valencia</a></i> † </td> <td>Valencia </td> <td>Alternative title: <i>The Love Song</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1927 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Altars_of_Desire" title="Altars of Desire">Altars of Desire</a></i> </td> <td>Claire Sutherland </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1930 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Peacock_Alley_(1930_film)" title="Peacock Alley (1930 film)">Peacock Alley</a></i> </td> <td>Claire Tree </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">1931 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Bachelor_Apartment_(film)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bachelor Apartment (film)">Bachelor Apartment</a></i> </td> <td>Mrs. Agatha Carraway </td> <td>Alternative title: <i>Apartamento de Soltero</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><a href="/wiki/High_Stakes_(1931_film)" title="High Stakes (1931 film)">High Stakes</a></i> </td> <td>Dolly Jordan Lennon </td> <td> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mae_Murray&amp;action=edit&amp;section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dt>Notes</dt></dl> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Motion_Picture_World_1918-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Motion_Picture_World_1918_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Motion_Picture_World_1918_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">"Film Star Obtains Divorce", <i>Motion Picture World</i>, August 31, 1918, pg. 1239</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFWortis_Leider2004" class="citation book cs1">Wortis Leider, Emily (2004). <i>Dark Lover: The Life and Death of Rudolph Valentino</i>. Macmillan. p.&#160;64. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-571-21114-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-571-21114-3"><bdi>0-571-21114-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Dark+Lover%3A+The+Life+and+Death+of+Rudolph+Valentino&amp;rft.pages=64&amp;rft.pub=Macmillan&amp;rft.date=2004&amp;rft.isbn=0-571-21114-3&amp;rft.aulast=Wortis+Leider&amp;rft.aufirst=Emily&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMae+Murray" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnkerich2012" class="citation book cs1">Ankerich, Michael G. (2012). <i>Mae Murray: The Girl with the Bee-Stung Lips</i>. Brownlow, Kevin. University Press of Kentucky. pp.&#160;9–11. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-813-13690-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-813-13690-5"><bdi>978-0-813-13690-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Mae+Murray%3A+The+Girl+with+the+Bee-Stung+Lips&amp;rft.pages=9-11&amp;rft.pub=University+Press+of+Kentucky&amp;rft.date=2012&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-813-13690-5&amp;rft.aulast=Ankerich&amp;rft.aufirst=Michael+G.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMae+Murray" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnkerich2012" class="citation book cs1">Ankerich, Michael G. (2012). <i>Mae Murray: The Girl with the Bee-Stung Lips</i>. Brownlow, Kevin. University Press of Kentucky. p.&#160;12. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-813-13690-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-813-13690-5"><bdi>978-0-813-13690-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Mae+Murray%3A+The+Girl+with+the+Bee-Stung+Lips&amp;rft.pages=12&amp;rft.pub=University+Press+of+Kentucky&amp;rft.date=2012&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-813-13690-5&amp;rft.aulast=Ankerich&amp;rft.aufirst=Michael+G.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMae+Murray" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hill_2009-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hill_2009_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hill_2009_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Program Note for "High Stakes" issued by Films on the Hill, Washington DC (June 13, 2009).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Hollywood Undressed: Observations of Sylvia As Noted by Her Secretary</i> (1931) Brentano's.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=YrMyAAAAIBAJ&amp;pg=990,1605441">"Star of silent film days found wandering, lost"</a>. <i>Ottawa Citizen</i>. February 21, 1964<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 3,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Ottawa+Citizen&amp;rft.atitle=Star+of+silent+film+days+found+wandering%2C+lost&amp;rft.date=1964-02-21&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fid%3DYrMyAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D990%2C1605441&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMae+Murray" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Wedding Breakfast Made Him Bankrupt", <i>The New York Times</i>, April 10, 1909.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Mae Murray Sues for Son's Custody: Asserts Up-State Family Refuses to Give Up Mdivani", <i>The New York Times</i>, September 14, 1939, p. 28; "Mae Murray Opens Fight for Her Son", <i>The New York Times</i>, September 29, 1939, p. 20; "Mae Murray Wins Case", <i>The New York Times</i>, March 5, 1940, p. 24.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"Editorial". <i>The Napa Valley Register</i>. November 2, 1932. p.&#160;6.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Napa+Valley+Register&amp;rft.atitle=Editorial&amp;rft.pages=6&amp;rft.date=1932-11-02&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMae+Murray" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThomas1965" class="citation news cs1">Thomas, Bob (May 29, 1965). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=S41kAAAAIBAJ&amp;pg=2246,4730411&amp;dq=mae+murray+death&amp;hl=en">"Mae Murray Played Role of Star Right Up to Death at 79"</a>. <i>St. Joseph News-Press</i>. p.&#160;3A<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 19,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=St.+Joseph+News-Press&amp;rft.atitle=Mae+Murray+Played+Role+of+Star+Right+Up+to+Death+at+79&amp;rft.pages=3A&amp;rft.date=1965-05-29&amp;rft.aulast=Thomas&amp;rft.aufirst=Bob&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fid%3DS41kAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D2246%2C4730411%26dq%3Dmae%2Bmurray%2Bdeath%26hl%3Den&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMae+Murray" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chicagofilmfestival.com/history/">About Our Logo &#8211; The Chicago International Film Festival.</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <dl><dt>Bibliography</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jane_Ardmore" title="Jane Ardmore">Jane Kesner Morris Ardmore</a>, <i>The Self-Enchanted: Mae Murray, Image of an Era.</i> (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1959)</li> <li>"The Rise to Stardom of Mae Murray" by Jimmy Bangley in <i>Classic Images</i> August 1996 (Muscatine, Iowa: Muscatine Journal, 1996)</li> <li>F. Cugat, "Mae Murray's Victory", <i>Movie Weekly</i> (August 19, 1922)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frances_Marion" title="Frances Marion">Frances Marion</a>, <i>Off with Their Heads!</i> (New York: Macmillan Publishers, 1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adela_Rogers_St._Johns" title="Adela Rogers St. Johns">Adela Rogers St. Johns</a>, "Mae Murray-A Study in Contradictions", <i>Photoplay</i> (July 1924), 43</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mae_Murray&amp;action=edit&amp;section=11" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000025119818">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/49485009">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1801309/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJkxJFR8m9C9YyG7G6WYyd">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/134183177">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n85151633">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb14656917f">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb14656917f">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&amp;authority_id=XX1413414">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&amp;local_base=lnc10&amp;doc_number=000243583&amp;P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810581413705606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&amp;local_base=NLX10&amp;find_code=UID&amp;request=987007389409005171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://adp.library.ucsb.edu/names/104943">Discography of American Historical Recordings</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd134183177.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/134183177">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6sn26pq">SNAC</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐f69cdc8f6‐wkmgf Cached time: 20241122142747 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.778 seconds Real time usage: 1.118 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 5612/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 63099/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 19487/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 23/100 Expensive parser function count: 6/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 35531/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.438/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 7842491/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 955.653 1 -total 40.30% 385.155 1 Template:Infobox_person 22.54% 215.405 20 Template:Pluralize_from_text 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