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Neolocal residence - Wikipedia
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<div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p><b>Neolocal residence</b> is a type of post-marital residence in which a newly married couple resides separately from both the husband's natal <a href="/wiki/Household" title="Household">household</a> and the wife's natal household. Neolocal residence forms the basis of most <a href="/wiki/Developed_nations" class="mw-redirect" title="Developed nations">developed nations</a>, especially in the <a href="/wiki/Western_world" title="Western world">West</a>, and is also found among some nomadic communities. </p><p>Upon <a href="/wiki/Marriage" title="Marriage">marriage</a>, each partner is expected to move out of their parents' household and establish a new residence, thus forming the core of an independent <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_family" title="Nuclear family">nuclear family</a>. Neolocal <a href="/wiki/Residence" title="Residence">residence</a> involves the creation of a new household where a child marries or even when they reach adulthood and become socially and economically active. Neolocal residence and nuclear family domestic structures are found in societies where geographical mobility is important. In Western societies, they are consistent with the frequent moves that are necessary due to choices and changes within a supply- and demand-regulated labor market. They are also prevalent in hunting and gathering economies, where nomadic movements are intrinsic to the subsistence strategy.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In western countries, employment in large corporations or the military often calls for frequent relocations, making it nearly impossible for extended families to remain together hence creating new generation of families.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Description">Description</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neolocal_residence&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Description"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In neolocal residence, newly formed couples form their own separate household units, and create what is considered a nuclear family. This contrasts with other forms of post-marital residence, such as <a href="/wiki/Patrilocal_residence" title="Patrilocal residence">patrilocal residence</a> and <a href="/wiki/Matrilocal_residence" title="Matrilocal residence">matrilocal residence</a>, in which the couple resides with or near the husband's family (patrilocal residence) or the wife's family (matrilocal residence). </p><p>Neolocality first appeared in <a href="/wiki/Northwestern_Europe" title="Northwestern Europe">Northwestern Europe</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was from there brought to British colonies in the Americas. As American colonists expanded westward, this form of residence remained.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although some believe neolocal residence came as a result of industrialization, there is evidence of neolocality in England from before industrialization.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Whatever the relationship between neolocality and economic development is, what is clear is that the two seem to coincide. Countries that experience economic development tend to also experience declines in multi-generational households, and increases in nuclear, neolocal forms of residence.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A reason often cited for the high coincidence of neolocality in developed countries is the higher mobility of <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_family" title="Nuclear family">nuclear families</a>, which becomes more important in modern economies.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The decline of dependency on agricultural subsistence, which results in a weakening of extended family ties, is seen as another cause of nuclear, neolocal household creation.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A particular case study of the relationship between economic development and neolocal residence patterns is the community of Navajo Mountain, which showed a positive correlation between the two.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Currently, neolocal residence is more commonly found in the west, and is becoming more common in countries that have experienced economic development, like <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neolocal_residence&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFSchwimmer" class="citation web cs1">Schwimmer, Brian. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.umanitoba.ca/faculties/arts/anthropology/tutor/residence/neoloc.html">"Neolocal Residence"</a>. <i>www.umanitoba.ca</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-04-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.umanitoba.ca&rft.atitle=Neolocal+Residence&rft.aulast=Schwimmer&rft.aufirst=Brian&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.umanitoba.ca%2Ffaculties%2Farts%2Fanthropology%2Ftutor%2Fresidence%2Fneoloc.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANeolocal+residence" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060206173727/http://anthro.palomar.edu/marriage/marriage_5.htm">"Sex and Marriage: Residence Rules"</a>. <i>anthro.palomar.edu</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://anthro.palomar.edu/marriage/marriage_5.htm">the original</a> on 2006-02-06<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-04-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=anthro.palomar.edu&rft.atitle=Sex+and+Marriage%3A+Residence+Rules&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fanthro.palomar.edu%2Fmarriage%2Fmarriage_5.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANeolocal+residence" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFawver2012" class="citation journal cs1">Fawver, Kated (25 Sep 2012). "Neolocality and household structure in Early America". <i>The History of the Family</i>. <b>17</b> (4): 407–433. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F1081602x.2012.713556">10.1080/1081602x.2012.713556</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:144530175">144530175</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+History+of+the+Family&rft.atitle=Neolocality+and+household+structure+in+Early+America&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=407-433&rft.date=2012-09-25&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F1081602x.2012.713556&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A144530175%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Fawver&rft.aufirst=Kated&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANeolocal+residence" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRuggles2009" class="citation journal cs1">Ruggles, Steven (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2917824">"Reconsidering the Northwest European Family System: Living Arrangements of the Aged in Comparative Historical Perspective"</a>. <i>Population and Development Review</i>. <b>35</b> (2): 249–273. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1728-4457.2009.00275.x">10.1111/j.1728-4457.2009.00275.x</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2917824">2917824</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20700477">20700477</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Population+and+Development+Review&rft.atitle=Reconsidering+the+Northwest+European+Family+System%3A+Living+Arrangements+of+the+Aged+in+Comparative+Historical+Perspective&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=249-273&rft.date=2009&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2917824%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F20700477&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1728-4457.2009.00275.x&rft.aulast=Ruggles&rft.aufirst=Steven&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2917824&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANeolocal+residence" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGordon1970" class="citation journal cs1">Gordon, Daniel N. (1970). "Societal Complexity and Kinship: Family Organization or Rules of Residence?". <i>The Pacific Sociological Review</i>. <b>13</b> (4): 252–262. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F1388456">10.2307/1388456</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1388456">1388456</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:158177901">158177901</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Pacific+Sociological+Review&rft.atitle=Societal+Complexity+and+Kinship%3A+Family+Organization+or+Rules+of+Residence%3F&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=252-262&rft.date=1970&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A158177901%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1388456%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F1388456&rft.aulast=Gordon&rft.aufirst=Daniel+N.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANeolocal+residence" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChisholm1986" class="citation journal cs1">Chisholm, James S. (Autumn 1986). "Social and Economic Change among the Navajo: Residence Patterns and the Pickup Truck". <i>Journal of Anthropological Research</i>. <b>42</b> (3): 289–298. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2Fjar.42.3.3630035">10.1086/jar.42.3.3630035</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:222333119">222333119</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Anthropological+Research&rft.atitle=Social+and+Economic+Change+among+the+Navajo%3A+Residence+Patterns+and+the+Pickup+Truck&rft.ssn=fall&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=289-298&rft.date=1986&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2Fjar.42.3.3630035&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A222333119%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Chisholm&rft.aufirst=James+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANeolocal+residence" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neolocal_residence&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFox,_Robin1967" class="citation book cs1">Fox, Robin (1967). <i>Kinship and Marriage: An anthropological perspective</i>. New York: Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-27823-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-27823-6"><bdi>0-521-27823-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kinship+and+Marriage%3A+An+anthropological+perspective.&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1967&rft.isbn=0-521-27823-6&rft.au=Fox%2C+Robin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANeolocal+residence" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrey_Korotayev" title="Andrey Korotayev">Korotayev, Andrey</a>. 2001. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090306050236/http://eclectic.ss.uci.edu/~drwhite/worldcul/Korotayev.pdf">An Apologia of George Peter Murdock. Division of Labor by Gender and Postmarital Residence in Cross-Cultural Perspective: A Reconsideration. <i>World Cultures</i> 12(2): 179-203</a>.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/Marriage#Post-marital_residence" title="Marriage">Postmarital residence</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right;">Forms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ambilocal_residence" title="Ambilocal residence">Ambilocal/bilocal residence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avunculocal_residence" class="mw-redirect" title="Avunculocal residence">Avunculocal residence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matrilocal_residence" title="Matrilocal residence">Matrilocal/uxorilocal residence</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Neolocal residence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrilocal_residence" title="Patrilocal residence">Patrilocal/virilocal residence</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right;">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Social_anthropology" title="Social anthropology">Social anthropology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_anthropology" title="Cultural anthropology">Cultural anthropology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marriage" title="Marriage">Marriage</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Walking_marriage" class="mw-redirect" title="Walking marriage">Walking marriage</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family" title="Family">Family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_family" title="Nuclear family">Nuclear family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extended_family" title="Extended family">Extended family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriarchy" title="Patriarchy">Patriarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matrilineality" title="Matrilineality">Matrilineality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrilineality" title="Patrilineality">Patrilineality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matrifocal_family" title="Matrifocal family">Matrifocal family</a></li></ul> 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