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class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Genome" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Genome"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Genome</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Genome-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Etymology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Etymology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Etymology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Etymology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Distribution" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Distribution"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Distribution</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Distribution-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ecology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ecology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Ecology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ecology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cultivation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cultivation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Cultivation</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Cultivation-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Cultivation subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Cultivation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Agricultural_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Agricultural_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Agricultural history</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Agricultural_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cultivars" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cultivars"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Cultivars</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cultivars-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Production" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Production"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Production</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Production-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nutrition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nutrition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Nutrition</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nutrition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Uses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Uses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Uses</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Uses-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Uses subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Uses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Fruits" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fruits"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Fruits</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fruits-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Forks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Forks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1.1</span> <span>Forks</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Forks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Seeds" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Seeds"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Seeds</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Seeds-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fruit_clusters" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fruit_clusters"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.3</span> <span>Fruit clusters</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fruit_clusters-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sap" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sap"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.4</span> <span>Sap</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sap-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Leaves" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Leaves"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.5</span> <span>Leaves</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Leaves-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>In culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Gallery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Date palm</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 116 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-116" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">116 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keureuma" title="Keureuma – Acehnese" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Keureuma" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="Acehnese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dadelpalm" title="Dadelpalm – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Dadelpalm" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%89%B0%E1%88%9D%E1%88%AD" title="ተምር – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ተምር" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%AE%D9%84%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%B1" title="نخلة التمر – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="نخلة التمر" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phoenix_dactylifera" title="Phoenix dactylifera – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Phoenix dactylifera" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phoenix_dactylifera" title="Phoenix dactylifera – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Phoenix dactylifera" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barmaqvari_finik" title="Barmaqvari finik – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Barmaqvari finik" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%A7" title="خورما – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="خورما" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bm mw-list-item"><a href="https://bm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ntamaro" title="Ntamaro – Bambara" lang="bm" hreflang="bm" data-title="Ntamaro" data-language-autonym="Bamanankan" data-language-local-name="Bambara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bamanankan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%96%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B0" title="খেজুর – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="খেজুর" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BC%D0%B0_(%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%B4)" title="Фінікавая пальма (від) – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Фінікавая пальма (від)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Обикновена финикова палма – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Обикновена финикова палма" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hurma" title="Hurma – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Hurma" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palmera_de_d%C3%A0tils" title="Palmera de dàtils – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Palmera de dàtils" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Datilero" title="Datilero – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Datilero" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Datlovn%C3%ADk_prav%C3%BD" title="Datlovník pravý – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Datlovník pravý" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phoenix_dactylifera" title="Phoenix dactylifera – Corsican" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Phoenix dactylifera" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsican" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palmwydden_ddatys" title="Palmwydden ddatys – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Palmwydden ddatys" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C9%94bino" title="Dɔbino – Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Dɔbino" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dagbanli</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%86gte_daddelpalme" title="Ægte daddelpalme – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Ægte daddelpalme" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Echte_Dattelpalme" title="Echte Dattelpalme – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Echte Dattelpalme" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Datlipalm" title="Datlipalm – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Datlipalm" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A7%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%81%CE%BC%CE%B1%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%AC" title="Χουρμαδιά – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Χουρμαδιά" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phoenix_dactylifera" title="Phoenix dactylifera – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Phoenix dactylifera" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daktilopalmo" title="Daktilopalmo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Daktilopalmo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Datil-palmondo" title="Datil-palmondo – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Datil-palmondo" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%A7" title="خرما – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="خرما" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phoenix_dactylifera" title="Phoenix dactylifera – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Phoenix dactylifera" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ff mw-list-item"><a href="https://ff.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dibinoohi" title="Dibinoohi – Fula" lang="ff" hreflang="ff" data-title="Dibinoohi" data-language-autonym="Fulfulde" data-language-local-name="Fula" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fulfulde</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pailm_d%C3%A1ta%C3%AD" title="Pailm dátaí – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Pailm dátaí" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Craobh-phailm" title="Craobh-phailm – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Craobh-phailm" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Datileira" title="Datileira – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Datileira" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8C%80%EC%B6%94%EC%95%BC%EC%9E%90" title="대추야자 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="대추야자" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B0" title="खजूर – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="खजूर" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C5%A1%C4%9Bdny_datlowc" title="Wšědny datlowc – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Wšědny datlowc" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Datulja" title="Datulja – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Datulja" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dateliero" title="Dateliero – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Dateliero" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pohon_kurma" title="Pohon kurma – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Pohon kurma" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phoenix_dactylifera" title="Phoenix dactylifera – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Phoenix dactylifera" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%B6%C3%B0lup%C3%A1lmi" title="Döðlupálmi – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Döðlupálmi" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phoenix_dactylifera" title="Phoenix dactylifera – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Phoenix dactylifera" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%AA%D7%9E%D7%A8_%D7%9E%D7%A6%D7%95%D7%99" title="תמר מצוי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="תמר מצוי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurma" title="Kurma – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Kurma" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%96%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%9C%E0%B3%82%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%A6_%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%B0" title="ಖರ್ಜೂರದ ಮರ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಖರ್ಜೂರದ ಮರ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%95%DA%BE%D8%B2%D8%B1%D9%95_%DA%A9%D9%8F%D9%84" title="کٕھزرٕ کُل – Kashmiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="کٕھزرٕ کُل" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="Kashmiri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pr%C3%B4wdz%C3%ABw%C3%B4_daktila" title="Prôwdzëwô daktila – Kashubian" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Prôwdzëwô daktila" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Kashubian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%9A%D2%B1%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0_(%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BC%D0%B0)" title="Құрма (Пальма) – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Құрма (Пальма)" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qesp" title="Qesp – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Qesp" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lbe mw-list-item"><a href="https://lbe.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B3" title="Чассаг – Lak" lang="lbe" hreflang="lbe" data-title="Чассаг" data-language-autonym="Лакку" data-language-local-name="Lak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лакку</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phoenix_dactylifera" title="Phoenix dactylifera – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Phoenix dactylifera" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Date%C4%BCpalma" title="Dateļpalma – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Dateļpalma" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Datulinis_finikas" title="Datulinis finikas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Datulinis finikas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B6z%C3%B6ns%C3%A9ges_datolyap%C3%A1lma" title="Közönséges datolyapálma – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Közönséges datolyapálma" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mad mw-list-item"><a href="https://mad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korma" title="Korma – Madurese" lang="mad" hreflang="mad" data-title="Korma" data-language-autonym="Madhurâ" data-language-local-name="Madurese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Madhurâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antrendry_(zavamaniry)" title="Antrendry (zavamaniry) – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Antrendry (zavamaniry)" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%88%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%A8" title="ഈന്തപ്പന – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഈന്തപ്പന" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B0" title="खजूर – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="खजूर" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%AE%D9%84%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%B1" title="نخلة التمر – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="نخلة التمر" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%A7" title="خارما – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="خارما" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurma" title="Kurma – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Kurma" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurma_(pohon)" title="Kurma (pohon) – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Kurma (pohon)" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%85%E1%80%BD%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%95%E1%80%9C%E1%80%BD%E1%80%B6%E1%80%95%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA" title="စွန်ပလွံပင် – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="စွန်ပလွံပင်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoyacapolcuahuitl" title="Zoyacapolcuahuitl – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="Zoyacapolcuahuitl" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dadelpalm" title="Dadelpalm – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Dadelpalm" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9B%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9F" title="छोकडाको बोट – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="छोकडाको बोट" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8A%E3%83%84%E3%83%A1%E3%83%A4%E3%82%B7" title="ナツメヤシ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ナツメヤシ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Echt_Datelpualem" title="Echt Datelpualem – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Echt Datelpualem" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daddelpalme" title="Daddelpalme – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Daddelpalme" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daddel" title="Daddel – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Daddel" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%9C%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%B0" title="ਖਜੂਰ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਖਜੂਰ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DA%BE%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%B1" title="کھجور – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="کھجور" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%A7" title="خورما – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="خورما" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pron%C2%B7nhi%C3%A9_d%27_Afrike" title="Pron·nhié d' Afrike – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Pron·nhié d' Afrike" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phoenix_dactylifera" title="Phoenix dactylifera – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Phoenix dactylifera" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daktylowiec_w%C5%82a%C5%9Bciwy" title="Daktylowiec właściwy – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Daktylowiec właściwy" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamareira" title="Tamareira – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Tamareira" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finic" title="Finic – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Finic" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%B9" title="Финик пальчатый – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Финик пальчатый" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fua_Otata" title="Fua Otata – Samoan" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Fua Otata" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="Samoan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagana Samoa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D" title="खर्जूरम् – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="खर्जूरम्" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%B7%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%A1%E1%B1%A9%E1%B1%A8" title="ᱠᱷᱤᱡᱩᱨ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱠᱷᱤᱡᱩᱨ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%90%D9%86%DA%88" title="پِنڈ – Saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="پِنڈ" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="Saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سرائیکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pramma_de_datteros" title="Pramma de datteros – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Pramma de datteros" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Date_paum" title="Date paum – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Date paum" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parma_(bot%C3%A0nica)" title="Parma (botànica) – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Parma (botànica)" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Date_palm" title="Date palm – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Date palm" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%AC%D9%8A" title="کجي – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="کجي" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dat%C4%BEovn%C3%ADk_oby%C4%8Dajn%C3%BD" title="Datľovník obyčajný – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Datľovník obyčajný" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pravi_datljevec" title="Pravi datljevec – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Pravi datljevec" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geed_Timir" title="Geed Timir – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Geed Timir" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%A7" title="خورما – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="خورما" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Датула – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Датула" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Datulja" title="Datulja – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Datulja" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korma" title="Korma – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Korma" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%A4limerentaateli" title="Välimerentaateli – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Välimerentaateli" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dadelpalm" title="Dadelpalm – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Dadelpalm" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Datilero" title="Datilero – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Datilero" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%88" title="பேரீச்சை – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பேரீச்சை" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tazdayt" title="Tazdayt – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Tazdayt" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%96%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9C%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%82" title="ఖర్జూరం – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ఖర్జూరం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%9C%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A1" title="อินทผลัม – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="อินทผลัม" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BE" title="Хурмо – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Хурмо" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phoenix_Dactylifera_(Arap_Hurmas%C4%B1)" title="Phoenix Dactylifera (Arap Hurması) – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Phoenix Dactylifera (Arap Hurması)" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hurma" title="Hurma – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Hurma" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%BA_%D1%97%D1%81%D1%82%D1%96%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Фінік їстівний – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Фінік їстівний" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DA%BE%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%B1" title="کھجور – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="کھجور" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%C3%A0_l%C3%A0" title="Chà là – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Chà là" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A5lm%C3%AE_%C3%A5s_dates" title="Pålmî ås dates – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Pålmî ås dates" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phoenix_dactylifera" title="Phoenix dactylifera – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Phoenix dactylifera" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A0ndarma" title="Tàndarma – Wolof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Tàndarma" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="Wolof" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A4%B0%E6%9E%A3" title="椰枣 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="椰枣" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a 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searchaux" style="display:none">Palm tree cultivated for its sweet fruit</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other species of date palms, see <a href="/wiki/Phoenix_(plant)#Species" title="Phoenix (plant)">Phoenix (plant) § Species</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <table class="infobox biota" style="text-align: left; width: 200px; font-size: 100%"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)">Date palm </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Dates005.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Date bunches on a palm" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Dates005.jpg/220px-Dates005.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Dates005.jpg/330px-Dates005.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Dates005.jpg/440px-Dates005.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3572" data-file-height="2390" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; min-width:15em; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)"><a href="/wiki/Taxonomy_(biology)" title="Taxonomy (biology)">Scientific classification</a> <span class="plainlinks taxobox-edit-taxonomy skin-invert" style="font-size:smaller; float:right; padding-right:0.4em; margin-left:-3em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Template:Taxonomy/Phoenix" title="Edit this classification"><img alt="Edit this classification" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/23px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/30px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span> </th></tr> <tr> <td>Kingdom: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Plant" title="Plant">Plantae</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Vascular_plant" title="Vascular plant">Tracheophytes</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Flowering_plant" title="Flowering plant">Angiosperms</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Monocotyledon" title="Monocotyledon">Monocots</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Commelinids" title="Commelinids">Commelinids</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Order: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Arecales" title="Arecales">Arecales</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Family: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Arecaceae" title="Arecaceae">Arecaceae</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Genus: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Phoenix_(plant)" title="Phoenix (plant)"><i>Phoenix</i></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Species: </td> <td><div style="display:inline" class="species"><i><b>P. dactylifera</b></i></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)"><a href="/wiki/Binomial_nomenclature" title="Binomial nomenclature">Binomial name</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><b><span class="binomial"><span style="font-weight:normal;"></span><i>Phoenix dactylifera</i></span></b><br /><div style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/Carl_Linnaeus" title="Carl Linnaeus">L.</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)"><a href="/wiki/Synonym_(taxonomy)" title="Synonym (taxonomy)">Synonyms</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: left"> <ul><li><i>Palma dactylifera</i> <small>(L.) Mill.</small></li> <li><i>Phoenix chevalieri</i> <small>D.Rivera, S.Ríos & Obón</small></li> <li><i>Phoenix iberica</i> <small>D.Rivera, S.Ríos & Obón</small></li></ul> </td></tr> </tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238732961">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:transparent}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:white}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.biota .taxobox-edit-taxonomy img{background:transparent!important}body.skin-vector .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox{margin-top:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox tr.taxonrow td{padding:2px 10px}</style> <p><i><b>Phoenix dactylifera</b></i>, commonly known as the <b>date palm</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-GRIN_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GRIN-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a flowering-plant species in the palm family <a href="/wiki/Arecaceae" title="Arecaceae">Arecaceae</a>, cultivated for its edible sweet <a href="#Fruits">fruit</a> called <b>dates</b>. The species is widely cultivated across <a href="/wiki/North_Africa" title="North Africa">northern Africa</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Middle_East" title="Middle East">Middle East</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Horn_of_Africa" title="Horn of Africa">Horn of Africa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_Asia" title="South Asia">South Asia</a>, and <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-kew_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kew-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is <a href="/wiki/Naturalisation_(biology)" title="Naturalisation (biology)">naturalized</a> in many <a href="/wiki/Tropics" title="Tropics">tropical</a> and <a href="/wiki/Subtropics" title="Subtropics">subtropical</a> regions worldwide.<sup id="cite_ref-kew_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kew-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>P. dactylifera</i> is the <a href="/wiki/Type_species" title="Type species">type species</a> of genus <i><a href="/wiki/Phoenix_(plant)" title="Phoenix (plant)">Phoenix</a></i>, which contains 12–19 species of <a href="/wiki/Wild_date_palm" title="Wild date palm">wild date palms</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Krueger_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Krueger-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Date palms reach up to 30 metres (100 feet) in height, growing singly or forming a <a href="/wiki/Clumping_(biology)" title="Clumping (biology)">clump</a> with several stems from a single root system. Slow-growing, they can reach over 100<span class="nowrap"> </span>years of age when maintained properly.<sup id="cite_ref-Hodel_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hodel-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Date fruits (dates) are oval-cylindrical, 3 to 7 centimetres (1 to 3 inches) long, and about 2.5 cm (1 in) in diameter, with colour ranging from dark brown to bright red or yellow, depending on variety. Containing 61–68<span class="nowrap"> </span>percent sugar by mass when dried,<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> dates are very sweet and are enjoyed as desserts on their own or within <a href="/wiki/Confectionery" title="Confectionery">confections</a>. </p><p>There is archaeological evidence of date cultivation in Arabia from the 6th<span class="nowrap"> </span>millennium BCE.<sup id="cite_ref-judea_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-judea-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dates are "emblematic of <a href="/wiki/Oasis" title="Oasis">oasis</a> agriculture and highly symbolic in Muslim, Christian, and Jewish religions".<sup id="cite_ref-judea_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-judea-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Description">Description</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Date_palm&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Description"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Date palms reach up to 30 metres (100 feet) in height, growing singly or forming a clump with several stems from a single root system. Slow-growing, they can reach over 100 years of age when maintained properly.<sup id="cite_ref-Hodel_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hodel-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The roots have <a href="/wiki/Pneumatode" title="Pneumatode">pneumatodes</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Halli-Mangenot-1986_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Halli-Mangenot-1986-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Leaves" class="mw-redirect" title="Leaves">leaves</a> are 4–6 m (13–20 ft) long, with spines on the <a href="/wiki/Petiole_(botany)" title="Petiole (botany)">petiole</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Pinnate" class="mw-redirect" title="Pinnate">pinnate</a>, with about 150 leaflets. The leaflets are 30 centimetres (12 inches) long and 2 cm (1 in) wide. The full span of the crown ranges from 6–10 m (20–33 ft). </p><p>The date palm is <a href="/wiki/Dioecious" class="mw-redirect" title="Dioecious">dioecious</a>, having separate male and female plants. They can be easily grown from seed, but only 50% of seedlings will be female and hence fruit-bearing, and dates from seedling plants are often smaller and of poorer quality. Most commercial plantations thus use <a href="/wiki/Cutting_(plant)" title="Cutting (plant)">cuttings</a> of heavily cropping cultivars. Plants grown from cuttings will fruit 2–3 years earlier than seedling plants. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D7%93%D7%A7%D7%9C_%D7%AA%D7%9E%D7%A8_%D7%9E%D7%A6%D7%95%D7%99_%D7%97%D7%AA%D7%9A_%D7%92%D7%96%D7%A2_%D7%93%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%99_%D7%A2%D7%A5_(3).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/%D7%93%D7%A7%D7%9C_%D7%AA%D7%9E%D7%A8_%D7%9E%D7%A6%D7%95%D7%99_%D7%97%D7%AA%D7%9A_%D7%92%D7%96%D7%A2_%D7%93%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%99_%D7%A2%D7%A5_%283%29.jpg/220px-%D7%93%D7%A7%D7%9C_%D7%AA%D7%9E%D7%A8_%D7%9E%D7%A6%D7%95%D7%99_%D7%97%D7%AA%D7%9A_%D7%92%D7%96%D7%A2_%D7%93%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%99_%D7%A2%D7%A5_%283%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/%D7%93%D7%A7%D7%9C_%D7%AA%D7%9E%D7%A8_%D7%9E%D7%A6%D7%95%D7%99_%D7%97%D7%AA%D7%9A_%D7%92%D7%96%D7%A2_%D7%93%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%99_%D7%A2%D7%A5_%283%29.jpg/330px-%D7%93%D7%A7%D7%9C_%D7%AA%D7%9E%D7%A8_%D7%9E%D7%A6%D7%95%D7%99_%D7%97%D7%AA%D7%9A_%D7%92%D7%96%D7%A2_%D7%93%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%99_%D7%A2%D7%A5_%283%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/%D7%93%D7%A7%D7%9C_%D7%AA%D7%9E%D7%A8_%D7%9E%D7%A6%D7%95%D7%99_%D7%97%D7%AA%D7%9A_%D7%92%D7%96%D7%A2_%D7%93%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%99_%D7%A2%D7%A5_%283%29.jpg/440px-%D7%93%D7%A7%D7%9C_%D7%AA%D7%9E%D7%A8_%D7%9E%D7%A6%D7%95%D7%99_%D7%97%D7%AA%D7%9A_%D7%92%D7%96%D7%A2_%D7%93%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%99_%D7%A2%D7%A5_%283%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2941" data-file-height="2676" /></a><figcaption><i>Phoenix dactylifera</i> trunk section. As with other members of the <a href="/wiki/Arecaceae" title="Arecaceae">palm family</a>, date palms do not produce annual <a href="/wiki/Tree_rings" class="mw-redirect" title="Tree rings">tree rings</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Phoenix_dactylifera_0zz.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Phoenix_dactylifera_0zz.jpg/220px-Phoenix_dactylifera_0zz.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Phoenix_dactylifera_0zz.jpg/330px-Phoenix_dactylifera_0zz.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Phoenix_dactylifera_0zz.jpg/440px-Phoenix_dactylifera_0zz.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>Leaves of the date palm </figcaption></figure> <p>Dates are naturally wind-<a href="/wiki/Pollination" title="Pollination">pollinated</a>, but in traditional oasis horticulture and modern commercial orchards, they are entirely <a href="/wiki/Hand-pollination" title="Hand-pollination">hand-pollinated</a>. Natural pollination occurs with about an equal number of male and female plants. With assistance, one male can pollinate up to 100 females. Since the males are of value only as pollinators, they are usually pruned in favor of fruit-producing female plants. Some growers do not maintain male plants, as male flowers become available at local markets at pollination time. Manual pollination is done by skilled labourers on ladders, or by use of a wind machine. In some areas, such as Iraq, the pollinator climbs the tree using a special climbing tool that wraps around the tree trunk and the climber's back (called <span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">تبلية</span></span> in Arabic) to keep him attached to the trunk while climbing.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Date fruits are oval-cylindrical, 3–7 cm (1–3 in) long, and <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style>2–3 cm (<span class="frac"><span class="num">3</span>⁄<span class="den">4</span></span>–<span class="frac">1<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">4</span></span> in) diameter, and when ripe, range from bright red to bright yellow in colour, depending on variety. Dates contain a single <a href="/wiki/Drupe" title="Drupe">stone</a> (seed) about <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027">2–2.5 cm (<span class="frac"><span class="num">3</span>⁄<span class="den">4</span></span>–1 in) long and <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027">6–8 mm (<span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">4</span></span>–<span class="frac"><span class="num">5</span>⁄<span class="den">16</span></span> in) thick. Three main <a href="/wiki/Cultivar_group" title="Cultivar group">cultivar groups</a> exist: <i>soft</i> (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Medjool" title="Medjool">Medjool</a>); <i>semi-dry</i> (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Deglet_Noor" class="mw-redirect" title="Deglet Noor">Deglet Noor</a>), and <i>dry</i> (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Thoory" class="mw-redirect" title="Thoory">Thoory</a>).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Genome">Genome</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Date_palm&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Genome"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Germination_of_Date_Palm.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Germination_of_Date_Palm.jpg/220px-Germination_of_Date_Palm.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Germination_of_Date_Palm.jpg/330px-Germination_of_Date_Palm.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Germination_of_Date_Palm.jpg/440px-Germination_of_Date_Palm.jpg 2x" data-file-width="980" data-file-height="466" /></a><figcaption>Germination of date palm</figcaption></figure> <p>A draft genome of <i>P. dactylifera</i> (Khalas variety) was published in 2011<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> followed by more complete genome assemblies in 2013<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and 2019.<sup id="cite_ref-Hazzouri-2019_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hazzouri-2019-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The later study used long-read sequencing technology. With the release of this improved genome assembly, the researchers were able to map genes for fruit color and sugar content.<sup id="cite_ref-Hazzouri-2019_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hazzouri-2019-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/New_York_University_Abu_Dhabi" title="New York University Abu Dhabi">NYU Abu Dhabi</a> researchers had also re-sequenced the genomes of several date varieties to develop the first single nucleotide polymorphism map of the date palm genome in 2015.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Date_palm&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The species name <i>dactylifera</i> 'date-bearing' is <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a>, and is formed with the loanword <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">dactylus</i></span> in Latin from <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek" title="Ancient Greek">Greek</a> <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><i lang="grc-Latn">daktylos</i></span> (<span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">δάκτυλος</span></span>), which means 'date' (also 'finger'),<sup id="cite_ref-LSJ|da/ktulos|δάκτυλος|ref_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LSJ|da/ktulos|δάκτυλος|ref-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and with the native Latin <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">fero</i></span>, which means 'to bear'.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Fruit" title="Fruit">fruit</a> is known as a date.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The fruit's English name (through <a href="/wiki/Old_French" title="Old French">Old French</a>, through <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a>) comes from the Greek word for 'finger', <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">δάκτυλος</span></span>,<sup id="cite_ref-LSJ|da/ktulos|δάκτυλος|ref_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LSJ|da/ktulos|δάκτυλος|ref-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> because of the fruit's elongated shape. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Distribution">Distribution</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Date_palm&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Distribution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The place of origin of the date palm is uncertain because of long cultivation. According to some sources it probably originated from the <a href="/wiki/Fertile_Crescent" title="Fertile Crescent">Fertile Crescent</a> region straddling Egypt and <a href="/wiki/Mesopotamia" title="Mesopotamia">Mesopotamia</a><sup id="cite_ref-Krueger_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Krueger-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while others state that they are native to the <a href="/wiki/Persian_Gulf" title="Persian Gulf">Persian Gulf</a> area.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fossil records show that the date palm has existed for at least 50 million years.<sup id="cite_ref-NPRmedjool_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NPRmedjool-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ecology">Ecology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Date_palm&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Ecology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dubas_sootymould2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Dubas_sootymould2.jpg/220px-Dubas_sootymould2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Dubas_sootymould2.jpg/330px-Dubas_sootymould2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Dubas_sootymould2.jpg/440px-Dubas_sootymould2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1476" data-file-height="1108" /></a><figcaption>Sooty mould, nymph and larval cuticle of <i><a href="/wiki/Ommatissus_lybicus" title="Ommatissus lybicus">Ommatissus lybicus</a></i>, Oman</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/List_of_date_palm_diseases" title="List of date palm diseases">List of date palm diseases</a></div> <p>A major palm pest, the red palm beetle (<i><a href="/wiki/Rhynchophorus_ferrugineus" title="Rhynchophorus ferrugineus">Rhynchophorus ferrugineus</a></i>), currently poses a significant threat to date production in parts of the Middle East as well as to iconic landscape specimens throughout the Mediterranean world. Another significant insect pest is <i><a href="/wiki/Ommatissus_lybicus" title="Ommatissus lybicus">Ommatissus lybicus</a></i>, sometimes called the "dubas bug", whose sap sucking results in <a href="/wiki/Sooty_mould" class="mw-redirect" title="Sooty mould">sooty mould</a> formation. </p><p>In the 1920s, eleven healthy <a href="/wiki/Medjool" title="Medjool">Medjool</a> palms were transferred from Morocco to the United States where they were tended by members of the <a href="/wiki/Chemehuevi" title="Chemehuevi">Chemehuevi</a> tribe<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Avoid_weasel_words" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Avoid weasel words"><span title="The material near this tag possibly uses too vague attribution or weasel words. (January 2015)">which?</span></a></i>]</sup> in a remote region of Nevada. Nine of these survived and in 1935, cultivars were transferred to the U.S. Date Garden in <a href="/wiki/Indio,_California" title="Indio, California">Indio, California</a>. Eventually this stock was reintroduced to Africa and led to the U.S. production of dates in <a href="/wiki/Yuma,_Arizona" title="Yuma, Arizona">Yuma, Arizona</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bard,_California" title="Bard, California">Bard, California</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ICN_Allen_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ICN_Allen-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cultivation">Cultivation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Date_palm&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Cultivation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dates are a traditional crop throughout the Middle East and North Africa. Dates (especially <a href="/wiki/Medjool" title="Medjool">Medjool</a> and <a href="/wiki/Deglet_Nour" title="Deglet Nour">Deglet Nour</a>) are also cultivated in the southwestern United States, and in <a href="/wiki/Sonora" title="Sonora">Sonora</a> and <a href="/wiki/Baja_California" title="Baja California">Baja California</a> in Mexico. </p><p>Date palms can take 4 to 8 years after planting before they will bear fruit, and start producing viable yields for commercial harvest between 7 and 10 years. Mature date palms can produce 70–140 kilograms (150–300 pounds)<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of dates per harvest season. They do not all ripen at the same time so several harvests are required. To obtain fruit of marketable quality, the bunches of dates must be thinned and bagged or covered before ripening so that the remaining fruits grow larger and are protected from weather and animals, such as birds, that also like to eat them. </p><p>Date palms require well-drained deep <a href="/wiki/Sandy_loam" class="mw-redirect" title="Sandy loam">sandy loam</a> soils with a pH of 8–11 (alkaline). The soil should have the ability to hold moisture and also be free of <a href="/wiki/Calcium_carbonate" title="Calcium carbonate">calcium carbonate</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Agricultural_history">Agricultural history</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Date_palm&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Agricultural history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dates have been cultivated in the Middle East and the Indus Valley for thousands of years, and there is archaeological evidence of date cultivation in <a href="/wiki/Mehrgarh" title="Mehrgarh">Mehrgarh</a>, a Neolithic civilization in western Pakistan, around 7000 BCE<sup id="cite_ref-KenoyerHeuston2005_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KenoyerHeuston2005-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and in <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Arabia" title="Eastern Arabia">eastern Arabia</a> between 5530 and 5320 <a href="/wiki/Radiocarbon_dating#Calibration" title="Radiocarbon dating">calBC</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dates have been cultivated since ancient times from Mesopotamia to <a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_Egypt" title="Prehistoric Egypt">prehistoric Egypt</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egypt" title="Ancient Egypt">ancient Egyptians</a> used the fruits to make date <a href="/wiki/Wine" title="Wine">wine</a> and ate dates at harvest.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Evidence of cultivation is continually found throughout later civilizations in the Indus Valley, including the <a href="/wiki/Harappa" title="Harappa">Harappan</a> period from 2600 to 1900 BCE.<sup id="cite_ref-KenoyerHeuston2005_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KenoyerHeuston2005-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mazafati_dates_-_whole,_halved_and_seed.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Mazafati_dates_-_whole%2C_halved_and_seed.jpg/220px-Mazafati_dates_-_whole%2C_halved_and_seed.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Mazafati_dates_-_whole%2C_halved_and_seed.jpg/330px-Mazafati_dates_-_whole%2C_halved_and_seed.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Mazafati_dates_-_whole%2C_halved_and_seed.jpg/440px-Mazafati_dates_-_whole%2C_halved_and_seed.jpg 2x" data-file-width="8256" data-file-height="5504" /></a><figcaption>Mazafati dates</figcaption></figure> <p>One <a href="/wiki/Cultivar" title="Cultivar">cultivar</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Judean_date_palm" title="Judean date palm">Judean date palm</a>, is renowned for its long-lived <a href="/wiki/Orthodox_seed" title="Orthodox seed">orthodox seed</a>, which successfully sprouted after accidental storage for 2,000 years.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In total seven seeds about 2000 years old have sprouted and turned into trees named Methuselah, Hannah, Adam, Judith, Boaz, Jonah and Uriel.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The upper survival time limit of properly stored seeds remains unknown.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A genomic study from New York University Abu Dhabi Center for Genomics and Systems Biology showed that domesticated date palm varieties from North Africa, including well-known varieties such as <a href="/wiki/Medjool" title="Medjool">Medjool</a> and <a href="/wiki/Deglet_Nour" title="Deglet Nour">Deglet Nour</a>, share large parts of their genome with Middle East date palms and the Cretan wild palms,<i><a href="/wiki/Phoenix_theophrasti" title="Phoenix theophrasti">P. theophrasti</a></i>, as well as Indian wild palms, <i><a href="/wiki/Phoenix_sylvestris" title="Phoenix sylvestris">Phoenix sylvestris</a></i>. </p><p>An article on date palm tree cultivation is contained in <a href="/wiki/Ibn_al-%27Awwam" title="Ibn al-'Awwam">Ibn al-'Awwam</a>'s 12th-century agricultural work, <i>Book on Agriculture</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cultivars">Cultivars</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Date_palm&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Cultivars"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_date_cultivars" title="List of date cultivars">List of date cultivars</a></div> <p>A large number of <a href="/wiki/Date_cultivar" class="mw-redirect" title="Date cultivar">date cultivars</a> and varieties emerged through history of its cultivation, but the exact number is difficult to assess. Hussain and El-Zeid<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (1975) have reported 400 varieties, while Nixon<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (1954) named around 250. Most of those are limited to a particular region, and only a few dozen have attained broader commercial importance. The most renowned cultivars worldwide include <a href="/wiki/Deglet_Noor" class="mw-redirect" title="Deglet Noor">Deglet Noor</a>, originally of Algeria; Yahidi and Hallawi of Iraq; <a href="/wiki/Medjool" title="Medjool">Medjool</a> of Morocco; <a href="/wiki/Mazafati" title="Mazafati">Mazafati</a> of Iran.<sup id="cite_ref-HuiBarta2008_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HuiBarta2008-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Production">Production</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Date_palm&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Production"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="float:right; clear:right; width:14em; text-align:center; margin-right:1em;"> <caption>Dates production – 2022 </caption> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2"><small>millions of tonnes</small> </th></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/23px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/35px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/45px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a></td> <td>1.7 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></td> <td>1.6 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a></td> <td>1.2 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/35px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/46px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="630" data-file-height="360" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a></td> <td>1.0 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a></td> <td>0.7 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/35px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/45px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a></td> <td>0.7 </td></tr> <tr> <th>World</th> <th>9.7 </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><small>Source:<a href="/wiki/UN_Food_and_Agriculture_Organization" class="mw-redirect" title="UN Food and Agriculture Organization">UN Food and Agriculture Organization</a>, Statistics Division</small><sup id="cite_ref-FAO_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FAO-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In 2022, world production of dates was 9.7 million <a href="/wiki/Tonne" title="Tonne">tonnes</a>, led by Egypt, Saudi Arabia, and Algeria accounting for 46% of the total (table). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nutrition">Nutrition</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Date_palm&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Nutrition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Date palm fruits contain 21% water, 75% <a href="/wiki/Carbohydrate" title="Carbohydrate">carbohydrates</a> (63% sugars and 8% <a href="/wiki/Dietary_fiber" title="Dietary fiber">dietary fiber</a>), 2% <a href="/wiki/Protein_(nutrient)" title="Protein (nutrient)">protein</a>, and less than 1% <a href="/wiki/Fat" title="Fat">fat</a> (table). In a <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027">100-gram (<span class="frac">3<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span> oz) reference amount, dates supply 1,180 kilojoules (280 kilocalories) of <a href="/wiki/Food_energy" title="Food energy">food energy</a>, and are a rich source (20% or more of the <a href="/wiki/Daily_Value" class="mw-redirect" title="Daily Value">Daily Value</a>, DV) of <a href="/wiki/Potassium_in_biology" title="Potassium in biology">potassium</a> (22% DV) and a moderate source of <a href="/wiki/Pantothenic_acid" title="Pantothenic acid">pantothenic acid</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vitamin_B6" title="Vitamin B6">vitamin B6</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Dietary_minerals" class="mw-redirect" title="Dietary minerals">dietary minerals</a>, <a href="/wiki/Magnesium_in_biology" title="Magnesium in biology">magnesium</a> and <a href="/wiki/Manganese_in_biology" title="Manganese in biology">manganese</a> (10-19% DV), with other <a href="/wiki/Micronutrient" title="Micronutrient">micronutrients</a> in low amounts. </p><p>The primary carbohydrates are <a href="/wiki/Monosaccharide" title="Monosaccharide">monosaccharides</a>, comprising <a href="/wiki/Glucose" title="Glucose">glucose</a> (23-30%), <a href="/wiki/Fructose" title="Fructose">fructose</a> (19-28%), and <a href="/wiki/Non-starch_polysaccharide" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-starch polysaccharide">non-starch polysaccharides</a> (7-10%) of the fruit's total weight.<sup id="cite_ref-dpfh_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dpfh-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Sucrose" title="Sucrose">sucrose</a> content is negligible.<sup id="cite_ref-Yasawy_p._35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Yasawy_p.-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Glycemic_index" title="Glycemic index">glycemic index</a> (GI) for different varieties of the date palm fruit is in the range of 38-71, with 53 on average,<sup id="cite_ref-dpfh_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dpfh-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-alkaabi_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-alkaabi-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> indicating dates are a relatively low GI food source.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Glycemic_load" title="Glycemic load">glycemic load</a> (GL) value of date palm fruits, calculated for a serving size of three fruits (weighting 27 grams) is 9 on average, indicating that dates have low GL.<sup id="cite_ref-dpfh_34-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dpfh-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Like many other fruits, dates contain measurable levels of <a href="/wiki/Calcium_oxalate" title="Calcium oxalate">calcium oxalates</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Date_forks_in_lizard_stand.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Date_forks_in_lizard_stand.jpg/220px-Date_forks_in_lizard_stand.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="189" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Date_forks_in_lizard_stand.jpg/330px-Date_forks_in_lizard_stand.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Date_forks_in_lizard_stand.jpg/440px-Date_forks_in_lizard_stand.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1090" data-file-height="937" /></a><figcaption>Antique date forks in rack</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Uses">Uses</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Date_palm&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Uses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/40px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/60px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/80px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="400" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikibooks <a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Cookbook" class="extiw" title="wikibooks:Cookbook">Cookbook</a> has a recipe/module on <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist" style="margin-left: 1.6em;"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Cookbook:Date" class="extiw" title="wikibooks:Cookbook:Date"> Date</a></b></i></li></ul> </div></div></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fruits">Fruits</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Date_palm&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Fruits"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dry or soft dates are eaten out-of-hand, or may be pitted and stuffed with fillings such as <a href="/wiki/Almond" title="Almond">almonds</a>, <a href="/wiki/Walnut" title="Walnut">walnuts</a>, pecans, candied <a href="/wiki/Orange_(fruit)" title="Orange (fruit)">orange</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lemon" title="Lemon">lemon</a> <a href="/wiki/Peel_(fruit)" title="Peel (fruit)">peel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tahini" title="Tahini">tahini</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marzipan" title="Marzipan">marzipan</a> or <a href="/wiki/Cream_cheese" title="Cream cheese">cream cheese</a>. Pitted dates are also referred to as <i>stoned dates</i>. Partially dried pitted dates may be glazed with <a href="/wiki/Glucose_syrup" title="Glucose syrup">glucose syrup</a> for use as a snack food. Dates can also be chopped and used in a range of sweet and savory dishes, from <a href="/wiki/Tajine" title="Tajine">tajines</a> (tagines) in <a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a> to <a href="/wiki/Pudding" title="Pudding">puddings</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Ka%27ak" title="Ka'ak">ka'ak</a></i> (types of Arab cookies) and other dessert items. Date nut bread, a type of cake, is very popular in the United States, especially around holidays. Dates are also processed into cubes, paste called <i>'ajwa</i>, spread, <a href="/wiki/Date_honey" title="Date honey">date syrup or "honey"</a> called "dibs" or <i><a href="/wiki/Rub_(syrup)" class="mw-redirect" title="Rub (syrup)">rub</a></i> in Libya, powder (date sugar), <a href="/wiki/Vinegar" title="Vinegar">vinegar</a> or <a href="/wiki/Alcoholic_beverage" title="Alcoholic beverage">alcohol</a>. Vinegar made from dates was a traditional product of the <a href="/wiki/Middle_East" title="Middle East">Middle East</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Recent innovations include <a href="/wiki/Chocolate" title="Chocolate">chocolate</a>-covered dates and products such as sparkling date juice, used in some Islamic countries as a non-alcoholic version of <a href="/wiki/Champagne_(wine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Champagne (wine)">champagne</a>, for special occasions and religious times such as <a href="/wiki/Ramadan" title="Ramadan">Ramadan</a>. When Muslims break fast in the <a href="/wiki/Iftar" title="Iftar">evening meal of Ramadan</a>, it is traditional to eat a date first. </p><p>Reflecting the maritime trading heritage of <a href="/wiki/British_cuisine" title="British cuisine">Britain</a>, imported chopped dates are added to, or form the main basis of a variety of traditional dessert recipes including <a href="/wiki/Sticky_toffee_pudding" title="Sticky toffee pudding">sticky toffee pudding</a>, <a href="/wiki/Christmas_pudding" title="Christmas pudding">Christmas pudding</a> and <a href="/wiki/Date_and_walnut_loaf" title="Date and walnut loaf">date and walnut loaf</a>. They are particularly available to eat whole at <a href="/wiki/Christmas" title="Christmas">Christmas</a> time. Dates are one of the ingredients of <a href="/wiki/HP_Sauce" title="HP Sauce">HP Sauce</a>, a popular British condiment. </p><p>In Southeast Spain (where a large date plantation exists including <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a>-protected <a href="/wiki/Palmeral_of_Elche" title="Palmeral of Elche">Palmeral of Elche</a>) dates (usually pitted with fried almond) are served wrapped in <a href="/wiki/Bacon" title="Bacon">bacon</a> and shallow-fried. In Palestine date syrup, termed <i>silan</i>, is used while cooking chicken and also for sweets and desserts, and as a honey substitute. Dates are one of the ingredients of <i><a href="/wiki/Jallab" title="Jallab">jallab</a></i>, a Middle Eastern fruit syrup. In Pakistan, a viscous, thick syrup made from the ripe fruits is used as a coating for leather bags and pipes to prevent leaking. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Forks">Forks</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Date_palm&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Forks"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the past, sticky dates were served using specialized small forks having two metal tines, called <i><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaffel#Gaffeltyper" class="extiw" title="nb:Gaffel">daddelgaffel</a></i> in Scandinavia.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some designs were patented.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These have generally been replaced by an inexpensive pale-colored knobbled plastic fork that resembles a date branch, which is traditionally included with numerous brands of prepackaged trays of dates, though this practice has declined in response to increased use of resealable packaging and calls for fewer <a href="/wiki/Disposable_product" title="Disposable product">single-use plastics</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Seeds">Seeds</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Date_palm&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Seeds"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Date seeds are soaked and ground up for <a href="/wiki/Animal_feed" title="Animal feed">animal feed</a>. Their oil is suitable for use in cosmetics and dermatological applications. The oil contains <a href="/wiki/Lauric_acid" title="Lauric acid">lauric acid</a> (36%) and <a href="/wiki/Oleic_acid" title="Oleic acid">oleic acid</a> (41%). Date palm seeds contain 0.56–5.4% lauric acid. They can also be processed chemically as a source of <a href="/wiki/Oxalic_acid" title="Oxalic acid">oxalic acid</a>. Date seeds are also ground and used in the manner of <a href="/wiki/Coffee" title="Coffee">coffee</a> beans, or as an additive to coffee. Experimental studies have shown that feeding mice with the aqueous extract of date pits exhibit anti-genotoxic effects and reduce DNA damage induced by <a href="/wiki/N-nitroso-N-methylurea" class="mw-redirect" title="N-nitroso-N-methylurea">N-nitroso-N-methylurea</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Diab_KA_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Diab_KA-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fruit_clusters">Fruit clusters</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Date_palm&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Fruit clusters"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Stripped fruit clusters are used as brooms. Recently, the floral stalks have been found to be of ornamental value in households.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sap">Sap</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Date_palm&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Sap"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sweet_sap_from_date_palm.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Sweet_sap_from_date_palm.JPG/170px-Sweet_sap_from_date_palm.JPG" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Sweet_sap_from_date_palm.JPG/255px-Sweet_sap_from_date_palm.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Sweet_sap_from_date_palm.JPG/340px-Sweet_sap_from_date_palm.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption>Sweet <a href="/wiki/Plant_sap" class="mw-redirect" title="Plant sap">sap</a> tapped from date palm in <a href="/wiki/West_Bengal" title="West Bengal">West Bengal</a>, <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Apart from <i>P. dactylifera</i>, wild date palms such as <i><a href="/wiki/Phoenix_sylvestris" title="Phoenix sylvestris">Phoenix sylvestris</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Phoenix_reclinata" title="Phoenix reclinata">Phoenix reclinata</a></i>, depending on the region, can be also tapped for sap. </p><p>The consumption of raw date palm sap is one of the means by which the deadly <a href="/wiki/Nipah_virus" title="Nipah virus">Nipah virus</a> spreads from bats to humans.<sup id="cite_ref-Goats_&_Soda_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Goats_&_Soda-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The virus can be <a href="/wiki/Inactivated_vaccine" title="Inactivated vaccine">inactivated</a> by boiling the sap down to <a href="/wiki/Molasses" title="Molasses">molasses</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Goats_&_Soda_45-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Goats_&_Soda-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (In <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a>, by contrast, the vector was found to be <a href="/wiki/Factory_farming" class="mw-redirect" title="Factory farming">factory farming</a> of <a href="/wiki/Pigs" class="mw-redirect" title="Pigs">pigs</a>.)<sup id="cite_ref-Goats_&_Soda_45-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Goats_&_Soda-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Leaves">Leaves</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Date_palm&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Leaves"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In North Africa, date palm leaves are commonly used for making huts. Mature leaves are also made into mats, screens, baskets, and fans. Processed leaves can be used for <a href="/wiki/Thermal_insulation" title="Thermal insulation">insulating board</a>. Dried leaf petioles are a source of <a href="/wiki/Cellulose" title="Cellulose">cellulose</a> pulp, used for walking sticks, brooms, fishing floats, and fuel. Leaf sheaths are prized for their scent, and fibre from them is also used for rope, coarse cloth, and large hats. </p><p>Young date leaves are cooked and eaten as a vegetable, as is the terminal bud or heart, though its removal kills the palm. The finely ground seeds are mixed with <a href="/wiki/Flour" title="Flour">flour</a> to make bread in times of scarcity. The flowers of the date palm are also edible. Traditionally the female flowers are the most available for sale and weigh <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027">300–400 grams (<span class="frac">10<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span>–14 oz). The flower buds are used in salad or ground with dried fish to make a <a href="/wiki/Condiment" title="Condiment">condiment</a> for bread. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_culture">In culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Date_palm&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: In culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Palm_branch_(symbol)" class="mw-redirect" title="Palm branch (symbol)">Palm branch (symbol)</a> and <a href="/wiki/Plants_in_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Plants in Islam">Plants in Islam</a></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Rome" title="Ancient Rome">Ancient Rome</a>, the palm fronds used in <a href="/wiki/Roman_triumph" title="Roman triumph">triumphal</a> processions to symbolize victory were most likely those of <i>P. dactylifera</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The date palm was a popular garden plant in Roman <a href="/wiki/Peristyle" title="Peristyle">peristyle</a> gardens, though it would not bear fruit in the more temperate climate of Italy.<sup id="cite_ref-Linda_Farrar_1998_141_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Linda_Farrar_1998_141-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is recognizable in frescoes from <a href="/wiki/Pompeii" title="Pompeii">Pompeii</a> and elsewhere in Italy, including a garden scene from the House of the Wedding of Alexander.<sup id="cite_ref-Linda_Farrar_1998_141_47-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Linda_Farrar_1998_141-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In later times, traders spread dates around southwest Asia, northern Africa, and Spain. Dates were introduced into California by the Spaniards by 1769, existing by then around <a href="/wiki/Mission_San_Diego_de_Alcal%C3%A1" title="Mission San Diego de Alcalá">Mission San Diego de Alcalá</a>, and were introduced to Mexico as early as the 16th century.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Dates are mentioned more than 50 times in the <a href="/wiki/Bible" title="Bible">Bible</a> and 20 times in the <a href="/wiki/Quran" title="Quran">Quran</a>. Date palms holds great significance in <a href="/wiki/Abrahamic_religions" title="Abrahamic religions">Abrahamic religions</a>. The tree was heavily cultivated as a food source in <a href="/wiki/History_of_ancient_Israel_and_Judah" title="History of ancient Israel and Judah">ancient Israel</a> where <a href="/wiki/Judaism" title="Judaism">Judaism</a> and subsequently <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a> developed.<sup id="cite_ref-James_Hastings_1909_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-James_Hastings_1909-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Date palm leaves are used for <a href="/wiki/Palm_Sunday" title="Palm Sunday">Palm Sunday</a> in the Christian religion. </p><p>Many Jewish scholars believe that the "honey" reference in Exodus chapter 3 to "a land flowing with milk and honey" is actually a reference to date "honey", and not honey from bees.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the <a href="/wiki/Torah" title="Torah">Torah</a>, palm trees are referenced as symbols of prosperity and triumph.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Psalm 92:12 states that "The righteous shall flourish like the palm tree." Palm branches occurred as iconography in sculpture ornamenting the <a href="/wiki/Second_Jewish_Temple" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Jewish Temple">Second Jewish Temple</a> in Jerusalem, on Jewish coins, and in the sculpture of synagogues. They are also used as ornamentation in the <a href="/wiki/Feast_of_the_Tabernacles" class="mw-redirect" title="Feast of the Tabernacles">Feast of the Tabernacles</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-James_Hastings_1909_49-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-James_Hastings_1909-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Date palms are one of the <a href="/wiki/Seven_Species" title="Seven Species">seven species</a> of native Israeli plants revered in Judaism.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The date palm has historically been considered a symbol of <a href="/wiki/Judea_(Roman_province)" class="mw-redirect" title="Judea (Roman province)">Judea</a> and the Jewish people.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The leaves are used as a <a href="/wiki/Lulav" title="Lulav">lulav</a> in the Jewish holiday of <a href="/wiki/Sukkot" title="Sukkot">Sukkot</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They are also commonly used as the <a href="/wiki/S%27chach" title="S'chach">s'chach</a> in the construction of a <a href="/wiki/Sukkah" title="Sukkah">sukkah</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the Quran, <a href="/wiki/Allah" title="Allah">Allah</a> instructs <i>Maryām</i> (the Virgin Mary) to eat dates during labour pains when she gives birth to Isa (Jesus).<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islamic</a> culture, dates and yogurt or milk are traditionally the first foods consumed for <a href="/wiki/Iftar" title="Iftar">Iftar</a> after the sun has set during <a href="/wiki/Ramadan" title="Ramadan">Ramadan</a>. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Mandaeism" title="Mandaeism">Mandaeism</a>, the date palm (<a href="/wiki/Mandaic_language" title="Mandaic language">Mandaic</a>: <span title="Classical Mandaic-language romanization"><i lang="myz-Latn">sindirka</i></span>, which can refer to both the tree and its fruit<sup id="cite_ref-Secret_Adam_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Secret_Adam-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) symbolizes the <a href="/wiki/Cosmic_tree" class="mw-redirect" title="Cosmic tree">cosmic tree</a> and is often associated with the cosmic wellspring (<a href="/wiki/Mandaic_language" title="Mandaic language">Mandaic</a>: <span title="Classical Mandaic-language romanization"><i lang="myz-Latn">aina</i></span>). The date palm, associated with masculinity, and wellspring, associated with femininity, are often mentioned together as heavenly symbols in <a href="/wiki/Mandaean_texts" class="mw-redirect" title="Mandaean texts">Mandaean texts</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Date_palm&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Dried_date,_peach,_apricot,_and_stones._From_Lahun,_Fayum,_Egypt._Late_Middle_Kingdom._The_Petrie_Museum_of_Egyptian_Archaeology,_London.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Dried date, peach, and apricot from Lahun, Fayum, Egypt. Late Middle Kingdom"><img alt="Dried date, peach, and apricot from Lahun, Fayum, Egypt. Late Middle Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Dried_date%2C_peach%2C_apricot%2C_and_stones._From_Lahun%2C_Fayum%2C_Egypt._Late_Middle_Kingdom._The_Petrie_Museum_of_Egyptian_Archaeology%2C_London.jpg/120px-Dried_date%2C_peach%2C_apricot%2C_and_stones._From_Lahun%2C_Fayum%2C_Egypt._Late_Middle_Kingdom._The_Petrie_Museum_of_Egyptian_Archaeology%2C_London.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Dried_date%2C_peach%2C_apricot%2C_and_stones._From_Lahun%2C_Fayum%2C_Egypt._Late_Middle_Kingdom._The_Petrie_Museum_of_Egyptian_Archaeology%2C_London.jpg/180px-Dried_date%2C_peach%2C_apricot%2C_and_stones._From_Lahun%2C_Fayum%2C_Egypt._Late_Middle_Kingdom._The_Petrie_Museum_of_Egyptian_Archaeology%2C_London.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Dried_date%2C_peach%2C_apricot%2C_and_stones._From_Lahun%2C_Fayum%2C_Egypt._Late_Middle_Kingdom._The_Petrie_Museum_of_Egyptian_Archaeology%2C_London.jpg/240px-Dried_date%2C_peach%2C_apricot%2C_and_stones._From_Lahun%2C_Fayum%2C_Egypt._Late_Middle_Kingdom._The_Petrie_Museum_of_Egyptian_Archaeology%2C_London.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4471" data-file-height="3235" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Dried date, peach, and apricot from Lahun, Fayum, Egypt. Late <a href="/wiki/Middle_Kingdom_of_Egypt" title="Middle Kingdom of Egypt">Middle Kingdom</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Date palm in the emblem of Saudi Arabia"><img alt="Date palm in the emblem of Saudi Arabia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Emblem_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/111px-Emblem_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="111" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Emblem_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/166px-Emblem_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Emblem_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/221px-Emblem_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="610" data-file-height="662" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Date palm in the <a href="/wiki/Emblem_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="Emblem of Saudi Arabia">emblem of Saudi Arabia</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Date_palm_cutting_growing_on_the_trunk.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Date palm cutting growing on the trunk"><img alt="Date palm cutting growing on the trunk" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Date_palm_cutting_growing_on_the_trunk.jpg/67px-Date_palm_cutting_growing_on_the_trunk.jpg" decoding="async" width="67" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Date_palm_cutting_growing_on_the_trunk.jpg/101px-Date_palm_cutting_growing_on_the_trunk.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Date_palm_cutting_growing_on_the_trunk.jpg/135px-Date_palm_cutting_growing_on_the_trunk.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1836" data-file-height="3264" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Date palm cutting growing on the trunk</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Date-seller.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Date seller in the old souq in Kuwait City"><img alt="Date seller in the old souq in Kuwait City" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Date-seller.jpg/120px-Date-seller.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Date-seller.jpg/180px-Date-seller.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Date-seller.jpg/240px-Date-seller.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Date seller in the old <a href="/wiki/Souq" class="mw-redirect" title="Souq">souq</a> in <a href="/wiki/Kuwait_City" title="Kuwait City">Kuwait City</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Abu_Dhabi_%E2%80%93_Corniche_3_-_%D8%A3%D8%A8%D9%88_%D8%B8%D8%A8%D9%8A_-_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%B4_-_panoramio.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Palm trees and other trees in the middle of the road (Abu Dhabi, Middle East)."><img alt="Palm trees and other trees in the middle of the road (Abu Dhabi, Middle East)." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Abu_Dhabi_%E2%80%93_Corniche_3_-_%D8%A3%D8%A8%D9%88_%D8%B8%D8%A8%D9%8A_-_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%B4_-_panoramio.jpg/120px-Abu_Dhabi_%E2%80%93_Corniche_3_-_%D8%A3%D8%A8%D9%88_%D8%B8%D8%A8%D9%8A_-_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%B4_-_panoramio.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Abu_Dhabi_%E2%80%93_Corniche_3_-_%D8%A3%D8%A8%D9%88_%D8%B8%D8%A8%D9%8A_-_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%B4_-_panoramio.jpg/180px-Abu_Dhabi_%E2%80%93_Corniche_3_-_%D8%A3%D8%A8%D9%88_%D8%B8%D8%A8%D9%8A_-_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%B4_-_panoramio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Abu_Dhabi_%E2%80%93_Corniche_3_-_%D8%A3%D8%A8%D9%88_%D8%B8%D8%A8%D9%8A_-_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%B4_-_panoramio.jpg/240px-Abu_Dhabi_%E2%80%93_Corniche_3_-_%D8%A3%D8%A8%D9%88_%D8%B8%D8%A8%D9%8A_-_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%B4_-_panoramio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Palm trees and other trees in the middle of the road (Abu Dhabi, Middle East).</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Date_palm&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-152659">"Phoenix dactylifera L. — The Plant List"</a>. <i>www.theplantlist.org</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190417123456/http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-152659">Archived</a> from the original on 17 April 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 June</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.theplantlist.org&rft.atitle=Phoenix+dactylifera+L.+%E2%80%94+The+Plant+List&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theplantlist.org%2Ftpl1.1%2Frecord%2Fkew-152659&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADate+palm" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GRIN-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-GRIN_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?id=28046">"<i>Phoenix dactylifera</i>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Germplasm_Resources_Information_Network" title="Germplasm Resources Information Network">Germplasm Resources Information Network</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Agricultural_Research_Service" title="Agricultural Research Service">Agricultural Research Service</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Agriculture" title="United States Department of Agriculture">United States Department of Agriculture</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 December</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Germplasm+Resources+Information+Network&rft.atitle=Phoenix+dactylifera&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnpgsweb.ars-grin.gov%2Fgringlobal%2Ftaxonomydetail.aspx%3Fid%3D28046&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADate+palm" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-kew-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-kew_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-kew_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:668912-1">"<i>Phoenix dactylifera</i> L."</a> Plants of the World Online | Kew Science. 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 May</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Phoenix+dactylifera+L.&rft.pub=Plants+of+the+World+Online+%26%23124%3B+Kew+Science&rft.date=2024&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpowo.science.kew.org%2Ftaxon%2Furn%3Alsid%3Aipni.org%3Anames%3A668912-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADate+palm" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bonap.net/MapGallery/County/Phoenix%20dactylifera.png">"Biota of North America Project, <i>Phoenix dactylifera</i>"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140420031950/http://bonap.net/MapGallery/County/Phoenix%20dactylifera.png">Archived</a> from the original on 20 April 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 April</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Biota+of+North+America+Project%2C+Phoenix+dactylifera&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbonap.net%2FMapGallery%2FCounty%2FPhoenix%2520dactylifera.png&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADate+palm" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200027092">"<i>Phoenix dactylifera</i> in Flora of China @ efloras.org"</a>. <i>eFloras, Flora of China</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140420041036/http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200027092">Archived</a> from the original on 20 April 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Bats carry it. But how does it jump to humans?"</a>. Goats and Soda. <a href="/wiki/NPR" title="NPR">NPR</a>. 31 January 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231227110939/https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2023/01/31/1148681236/trying-to-crack-the-nipah-code-how-does-this-deadly-virus-spill-from-bats-to-hum">Archived</a> from the original on 27 December 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 September</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Nipah+virus+has+a+kill+rate+of+70%25.+Bats+carry+it.+But+how+does+it+jump+to+humans%3F&rft.series=Goats+and+Soda&rft.pub=NPR&rft.date=2023-01-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2Fsections%2Fgoatsandsoda%2F2023%2F01%2F31%2F1148681236%2Ftrying-to-crack-the-nipah-code-how-does-this-deadly-virus-spill-from-bats-to-hum&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADate+palm" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFErnest_Small2009" class="citation book cs1">Ernest Small (2009). <span class="id-lock-limited" title="Free access subject to limited trial, subscription normally required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/topfoodplantswor00smal"><i>Top 100 Food Plants</i></a></span>. NRC Research Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/topfoodplantswor00smal/page/n250">231</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-660-19858-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-660-19858-3"><bdi>978-0-660-19858-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Top+100+Food+Plants&rft.pages=231&rft.pub=NRC+Research+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-660-19858-3&rft.au=Ernest+Small&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ftopfoodplantswor00smal&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADate+palm" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Linda_Farrar_1998_141-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Linda_Farrar_1998_141_47-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Linda_Farrar_1998_141_47-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLinda_Farrar1998" class="citation book cs1">Linda Farrar (1998). <i>Ancient Roman Gardens</i>. p. 141.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ancient+Roman+Gardens&rft.pages=141&rft.date=1998&rft.au=Linda+Farrar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADate+palm" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRiveraJohnsonDelgadilloCarrillo2012" class="citation journal cs1">Rivera D, Johnson D, Delgadillo J, et al. (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubag.nal.usda.gov/download/60761/pdf">"Historical evidence of the Spanish introduction of date palm (<i>Phoenix dactylifera</i> L., Arecaceae) into the Americas"</a>. <i>Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution</i>. <b>60</b> (4): 1437–1439, 1441–1442, 1444–1445. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs10722-012-9932-5">10.1007/s10722-012-9932-5</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:24146736">24146736</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220616052526/https://pubag.nal.usda.gov/download/60761/pdf">Archived</a> from the original on 16 June 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 May</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Genetic+Resources+and+Crop+Evolution&rft.atitle=Historical+evidence+of+the+Spanish+introduction+of+date+palm+%28Phoenix+dactylifera+L.%2C+Arecaceae%29+into+the+Americas&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=1437-1439%2C+1441-1442%2C+1444-1445&rft.date=2012&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs10722-012-9932-5&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A24146736%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Rivera&rft.aufirst=D.&rft.au=Johnson%2C+D.&rft.au=Delgadillo%2C+J.&rft.au=Carrillo%2C+M.+H.&rft.au=Ob%C3%B3n%2C+C.&rft.au=Krueger%2C+R.&rft.au=Alcaraz%2C+F.&rft.au=R%C3%ADos%2C+S.&rft.au=Carre%C3%B1o%2C+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpubag.nal.usda.gov%2Fdownload%2F60761%2Fpdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADate+palm" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-James_Hastings_1909-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-James_Hastings_1909_49-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-James_Hastings_1909_49-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJames_Hastings1909" class="citation book cs1">James Hastings (1909). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/jstor-27900187"><i>Dictionary of the Bible</i></a>. The Monist. p. 675.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dictionary+of+the+Bible&rft.pages=675&rft.pub=The+Monist&rft.date=1909&rft.au=James+Hastings&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fjstor-27900187&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADate+palm" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://outorah.org/p/5705/">[1]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220304220604/https://outorah.org/p/5705/">Archived</a> 4 March 2022 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, JEWISH ACTION Magazine, Winter 5765/2005 issue</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Psalm 92.12</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCooper1993" class="citation book cs1">Cooper J (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/27266322"><i>Eat and be satisfied : a social history of Jewish food</i></a>. Northvale, N.J.: Jason Aronson. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87668-316-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-87668-316-2"><bdi>0-87668-316-2</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/27266322">27266322</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Eat+and+be+satisfied+%3A+a+social+history+of+Jewish+food&rft.place=Northvale%2C+N.J.&rft.pub=Jason+Aronson&rft.date=1993&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F27266322&rft.isbn=0-87668-316-2&rft.aulast=Cooper&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F27266322&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADate+palm" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKüchlerTheissen2009" class="citation book cs1">Küchler M, Theissen G (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/457130327"><i>Jerusalem und die Länder : Ikonographie, Topographie, Theologie ; Festschrift für Max Küchler zum 65. Geburtstag</i></a>. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-525-53390-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-525-53390-1"><bdi>978-3-525-53390-1</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/457130327">457130327</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jerusalem+und+die+L%C3%A4nder+%3A+Ikonographie%2C+Topographie%2C+Theologie+%3B+Festschrift+f%C3%BCr+Max+K%C3%BCchler+zum+65.+Geburtstag&rft.place=G%C3%B6ttingen&rft.pub=Vandenhoeck+%26+Ruprecht&rft.date=2009&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F457130327&rft.isbn=978-3-525-53390-1&rft.aulast=K%C3%BCchler&rft.aufirst=Max&rft.au=Theissen%2C+Gerd&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F457130327&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADate+palm" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKaro1999" class="citation book cs1">Karo Jb (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/oclc/421411475"><i>The Metsudah Kitzur Shulchan Aruch</i></a>. Metsudah Publications. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/421411475">421411475</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Metsudah+Kitzur+Shulchan+Aruch&rft.pub=Metsudah+Publications&rft.date=1999&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F421411475&rft.aulast=Karo&rft.aufirst=Joseph+ben+Ephraim&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fworldcat.org%2Foclc%2F421411475&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADate+palm" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.israelnationalnews.com/News/Flash.aspx/171541">"KKL Preparing for Distribution of "Schach"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>Israel National News</i>. 24 September 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210308203445/https://www.israelnationalnews.com/News/Flash.aspx/171541">Archived</a> from the original on 8 March 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 March</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Israel+National+News&rft.atitle=KKL+Preparing+for+Distribution+of+%22Schach%22&rft.date=2009-09-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.israelnationalnews.com%2FNews%2FFlash.aspx%2F171541&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADate+palm" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Quran, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://quran.al-islam.com/Page.aspx?pageid=221&BookID=15&Page=306">Chapter 19 - verses 22-25</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150402095722/http://quran.al-islam.com/Page.aspx?pageid=221&BookID=15&Page=306">Archived</a> 2 April 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, retrieved on 28 Feb. 2015, <i>So she [Virgin Mary] conceived him, and she retired with him to a remote place. And the pains of childbirth drove her to the trunk of a palm tree. she cried (in her anguish): 'Ah! would that I had died before this! would that I had been a thing forgotten and out of sight!' But (a voice) cried to her from beneath the (palm-tree): 'Grieve not! for thy Lord hath provided a rivulet beneath thee; And shake towards thyself the trunk of the palm-tree; it will let fall fresh ripe dates upon thee.' </i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Secret_Adam-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Secret_Adam_57-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDrower1960" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/E._S._Drower" title="E. S. Drower">Drower ES</a> (1960). <i>The secret Adam: a study of Nasoraean gnosis</i>. Oxford: Clarendon Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+secret+Adam%3A+a+study+of+Nasoraean+gnosis&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Clarendon+Press&rft.date=1960&rft.aulast=Drower&rft.aufirst=E.+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADate+palm" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNasoraia2022" class="citation book cs1">Nasoraia B (2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.routledge.com/The-Mandaean-Rivers-Scroll-Diwan-Nahrawatha-An-Analysis/Nasoraia/p/book/9780367335441"><i>The Mandaean Rivers Scroll (Diwan Nahrawatha): an analysis</i></a>. London: Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-367-33544-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-367-33544-1"><bdi>978-0-367-33544-1</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1295213206">1295213206</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221008012726/https://www.routledge.com/The-Mandaean-Rivers-Scroll-Diwan-Nahrawatha-An-Analysis/Nasoraia/p/book/9780367335441">Archived</a> from the original on 8 October 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 October</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Mandaean+Rivers+Scroll+%28Diwan+Nahrawatha%29%3A+an+analysis&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2022&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1295213206&rft.isbn=978-0-367-33544-1&rft.aulast=Nasoraia&rft.aufirst=Brikha&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.routledge.com%2FThe-Mandaean-Rivers-Scroll-Diwan-Nahrawatha-An-Analysis%2FNasoraia%2Fp%2Fbook%2F9780367335441&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADate+palm" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Date_palm&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fao.org/docrep/t0681E/t0681e02.htm">Date palm products</a> (additional information from the FAO)</li></ul> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Phoenix_dactylifera" class="extiw" title="commons:Phoenix dactylifera"><span style="font-style:italic; font-weight:bold;">Phoenix dactylifera</span></a>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/38px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/57px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 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href="/wiki/Template:Date_cultivars" title="Template:Date cultivars"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Date_cultivars" title="Template talk:Date cultivars"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Date_cultivars" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Date cultivars"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Date_cultivars" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_date_cultivars" title="List of date cultivars">Date cultivars</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ajwa_(date)" title="Ajwa (date)">Ajwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deglet_Nour" title="Deglet Nour">Deglet Nour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fard_(date)" title="Fard (date)">Fard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khalas_(date)" title="Khalas (date)">Khalas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mabroom" title="Mabroom">Mabroom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mazafati" title="Mazafati">Mazafati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medjool" title="Medjool">Medjool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piarom" title="Piarom">Piarom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rabbi_(date)" title="Rabbi (date)">Rabbi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sukkari" title="Sukkari">Sukkari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zahidi_(date)" title="Zahidi (date)">Zahidi</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Dattes_deglet_from_Biskra.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Dattes_deglet_from_Biskra.jpg/70px-Dattes_deglet_from_Biskra.jpg" decoding="async" width="70" height="53" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Dattes_deglet_from_Biskra.jpg/105px-Dattes_deglet_from_Biskra.jpg 1.5x, 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Taxon_identifiers" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Taxon_identifiers" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Taxon_identifiers" title="Help:Taxon identifiers">Taxon identifiers</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><i>Phoenix dactylifera</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25292" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q25292">Q25292</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikispecies" title="Wikispecies">Wikispecies</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Phoenix_dactylifera" class="extiw" title="wikispecies:Phoenix dactylifera">Phoenix dactylifera</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">APDB: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://africanplantdatabase.ch/en/nomen/33229">33229</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Australian_Plant_Name_Index" title="Australian Plant Name Index">APNI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.biodiversity.org.au/name/apni/82110">82110</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/ARKive" title="ARKive">ARKive</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/*/http://www.arkive.org/wd/phoenix-dactylifera/">phoenix-dactylifera</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">BioLib: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biolib.cz/en/taxon/id62451">62451</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Barcode_of_Life_Data_System" title="Barcode of Life Data System">BOLD</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.boldsystems.org/index.php/TaxBrowser_TaxonPage?taxid=254245">254245</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">Calflora: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.calflora.org/cgi-bin/species_query.cgi?where-calrecnum=6450">6450</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Catalogue_of_Life" title="Catalogue of Life">CoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4GKRK">4GKRK</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Ecocrop" title="Ecocrop">Ecocrop</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ecocrop.review.fao.org/ecocrop/srv/en/cropView?id=1673">1673</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/State_Herbarium_of_South_Australia" title="State Herbarium of South Australia">eFloraSA</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.flora.sa.gov.au/cgi-bin/speciesfacts_display.cgi?form=speciesfacts&name=Phoenix_dactylifera">Phoenix_dactylifera</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_of_Life" title="Encyclopedia of Life">EoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eol.org/pages/1135088">1135088</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/EPPO_Code" title="EPPO Code">EPPO</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/PHXDA">PHXDA</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/FloraBase" title="FloraBase">FloraBase</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://florabase.dpaw.wa.gov.au/browse/profile/1042">1042</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Flora_of_North_America" title="Flora of North America">FNA</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=200027092">200027092</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Flora_of_Australia" title="Flora of Australia">FoAO2</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://profiles.ala.org.au/opus/foa/profile/Phoenix%20dactylifera">Phoenix dactylifera</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Flora_of_China_(series)" title="Flora of China (series)">FoC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200027092">200027092</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">FoIO: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://flora.org.il/en/plants/phodac">phodac</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Global_Biodiversity_Information_Facility" title="Global Biodiversity Information Facility">GBIF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gbif.org/species/6109699">6109699</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Germplasm_Resources_Information_Network" title="Germplasm Resources Information Network">GRIN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?id=28046">28046</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/INaturalist" title="INaturalist">iNaturalist</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://inaturalist.org/taxa/78555">78555</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">IPA: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.invasiveplantatlas.org/subject.html?sub=3896">3896</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/International_Plant_Names_Index" title="International Plant Names Index">IPNI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ipni.org/n/668912-1">668912-1</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Interim_Register_of_Marine_and_Nonmarine_Genera" title="Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera">IRMNG</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irmng.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=10458413">10458413</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Integrated_Taxonomic_Information_System" title="Integrated Taxonomic Information System">ITIS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=42458">42458</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/NatureServe" title="NatureServe">NatureServe</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://explorer.natureserve.org/Taxon/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.153890/">2.153890</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Biodiversity_Network" title="National Biodiversity Network">NBN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.nbn.org.uk/Taxa/NBNSYS0200002859">NBNSYS0200002859</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Center_for_Biotechnology_Information" title="National Center for Biotechnology Information">NCBI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&id=42345">42345</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/FloraNT" title="FloraNT">NTFlora</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://eflora.nt.gov.au/factsheet?id=354">354</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">NZOR: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nzor.org.nz/names/47c6c6aa-32a1-42df-bcbf-1de67937f6bd">47c6c6aa-32a1-42df-bcbf-1de67937f6bd</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Observation.org" title="Observation.org">Observation.org</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://observation.org/species/120597/">120597</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Open_Tree_of_Life" title="Open Tree of Life">Open Tree of Life</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tree.opentreeoflife.org/taxonomy/browse?id=789008">789008</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Plants_for_a_Future" title="Plants for a Future">PfaF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Phoenix+dactylifera">Phoenix dactylifera</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">PFI: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dryades.units.it/floritaly/index.php?procedure=taxon_page&tipo=all&id=8572">8572</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/The_Plant_List" title="The Plant List">Plant List</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-152659">kew-152659</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Natural_Resources_Conservation_Service#Plants" title="Natural Resources Conservation Service">PLANTS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://plants.sc.egov.usda.gov/plant-profile/PHDA4">PHDA4</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Plants_of_the_World_Online" title="Plants of the World Online">POWO</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn%3Alsid%3Aipni.org%3Anames%3A668912-1">urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:668912-1</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Tropicos" title="Tropicos">Tropicos</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://legacy.tropicos.org/Name/2400809">2400809</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">WoI: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wildflowers.co.il/english/plant.asp?ID=203">203</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/World_Flora_Online" title="World Flora Online">WFO</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://list.worldfloraonline.org/wfo-0000269752">wfo-0000269752</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div 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