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China races to stockpile US chips before Trump ramps up sanctions | South China Morning Post
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Since June, China’s monthly chip purchases from the world’s largest economy have consistently surpassed US$1 billion.\n“China has been increasing the imports of chips and chipmaking machinery in anticipation of the potentially heightened US chip sanctions,” said Liang Yan, a professor of economics at Willamette University in the US state of Oregon.\nOf the nine categories of microchip imported from the US, China has been focusing primarily on buying up CPU-based processors and controllers, as well as chips designed for storage and signal amplification.\nWithout China’s demand, it is difficult for chip production to be profitable and sustainable\nLiang Yan, Willamette University\nChina continues to face challenges in developing more advanced chips. According to a Bloomberg report published on Tuesday, tech giant Huawei Technologies is still relying on the 7-nanometre architecture for its next two Ascend processors, as US technology restrictions prevent the company from accessing more advanced lithography machines.\nThis year, President Xi Jinping has emphasised the need for China to develop “new productive forces” – calling for technological breakthroughs in strategic emerging industries such as artificial intelligence (AI), which can help the country promote economic growth, upgrade its industrial chain, and shield itself from global economic and geopolitical pressures.\nHowever, Trump’s recent election victory has heightened anxiety among Chinese tech companies, as the incoming president aggressively targeted Chinese firms with sanctions during his first term in office.\n“Trump no doubt will impose tech restrictions, but it is unclear at this point whether it will be a more selective and targeted approach or more broad-based sanctions,” Liang said.\n“What is certain about Trump is that he will deny China access to cutting-edge chips and chipmaking machinery, but there is uncertainty about the mature chips,” she added.\nAccording to Liang, Trump has pledged to convince chip manufacturers such as Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (TSMC) to move production to the US. But if US chip production were to expand, he would face pressure to ensure that chip demand remained high.\n\n\nThat in turn could complicate Trump’s efforts to strengthen sanctions on China, given that the country accounted for about one-third of global semiconductor demand, Liang said.\n“Without China’s demand, it is difficult for chip production to be profitable and sustainable,” she said. “Trump will have to weigh these two factors, and it is hard to predict at this point which way he would go.”\nIn June, Trump declared, “We must confront China, which is the main threat to [the US AI industry],” during an interview with the American social media personality Logan Paul on the Impaulsive podcast. “We have to be at the forefront [of AI],” he added.\nThe Biden administration has also made significant efforts to restrict China’s access to cutting-edge semiconductor technologies. In October 2022, it introduced a sweeping ban on exports of chips used for AI models and dual-use technologies to China.\nThe scope of that ban was expanded in October 2023 and again in September this year to encompass additional semiconductors, including high-performance gaming chips and lower-tier data centre chips.\nComputing power and AI, driven by advanced chips, have become a crucial battleground for competition between the two superpowers, with both striving to dominate the production of chips with a node size of less than 10nm.\n","articleSection":"Global Economy","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Mia Nulimaimaiti","sameAs":"https://www.scmp.com/author/mia-nulimaimaiti"},"dateCreated":"2024-11-21T18:25:35+08:00","dateModified":"2024-11-22T08:59:55+08:00","datePublished":"2024-11-21T23:00:17+08:00","description":"China is accelerating its efforts to stockpile microchips from the United States, as it looks to hedge against a potential ","genre":"Economy","hasPart":{"@type":"WebPageElement","cssSelector":".piano-metering__paywall-container","isAccessibleForFree":"False"},"headline":"China races to stockpile US chips before Trump ramps up sanctions","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","height":{"@type":"QuantitativeValue","value":2000},"url":"https://cdn.i-scmp.com/sites/default/files/d8/images/canvas/2024/11/21/57bfa7b1-42d2-462d-bfdc-2b930a320327_9f10f3fb.jpg","width":{"@type":"QuantitativeValue","value":3000}},"inLanguage":"en-GB","isAccessibleForFree":"False","locationCreated":{"@type":"Place","name":"London"},"mainEntityOfPage":"https://www.scmp.com/economy/china-economy/article/3287571/china-races-stockpile-us-chips-trump-ramps-sanctions","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","height":{"@type":"QuantitativeValue","value":512},"url":"https://assets-v2.i-scmp.com/production/icons/scmp-icon-512x512.png","width":{"@type":"QuantitativeValue","value":512}},"name":"South China Morning 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data-qa="ArticleTopic-Container"><a target="_self" class="e1g7dnn91 e1nbo4jh0 css-qksmlj e1llv60l0" href="/topics/china-trade?module=breadcrumb&pgtype=article" data-qa="BaseLink-renderAnchor-StyledAnchor">China trade</a></div><div class=" er6t7fe20 css-1xdhyk6 e1047c925" data-qa="ArticleSections-SectionContainer"><a target="_self" class="e1047c923 css-1b6i0hn e1llv60l0" href="/economy?module=breadcrumb&pgtype=article" data-qa="BaseLink-renderAnchor-StyledAnchor"><span>Economy</span><span data-qa="ArticleSections-render-SectionTagsSpacer" class="css-176a798 e1047c920"></span></a><a target="_self" class="e1047c923 css-1b6i0hn e1llv60l0" href="/economy/global-economy?module=breadcrumb&pgtype=article" data-qa="BaseLink-renderAnchor-StyledAnchor"><span>Global Economy</span></a></div></div><div data-qa="GenericArticle-Headline" class="css-hdf8vf ea45u6l21"><h1 class="er6t7fe5 css-1u8qly9 e298i0d3" data-qa="ContentHeadline-ContainerWithTag"><span data-qa="ContentHeadline-Headline" class="css-0 e298i0d2">China races to stockpile US chips before Trump ramps up sanctions</span></h1></div><div data-qa="GenericArticle-SubHeadline" class="css-dfnclb ea45u6l20"><h3 class="er6t7fe4 css-19mvk5a e1ql5f172" data-qa="ContentSubHeadline-ContainerWithTag"><p datatype="p" data-qa="Component-Component" class="e8zc9q40 css-1c6uqr6 ec74h0k1">As more US tech curbs look likely in second Trump term, China’s imports of made-in-America integrated circuits have surged by 60 per cent</p></h3></div><div data-qa="GenericArticle-Sponsor" class="css-1qzrjqn ea45u6l19"></div><div data-qa="GenericArticle-ReadingTime" class="css-1ic67f3 ea45u6l18"><div class=" er6t7fe21 css-1cyqcxd e17crirv0" data-qa="ArticleReadingTime-Container"><span>Reading Time:</span><strong data-qa="ArticleReadingTime-strong">3 minutes</strong></div><div data-qa="GenericArticle-Spacer" class="css-mkkf9p e11xd9ce0"></div><a target="_blank" class=" ea45u6l31 e15mxrzj0 css-1p9kdgq e1llv60l0" 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operator="out"></feComposite><feColorMatrix type="matrix" values="0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.25 0"></feColorMatrix><feBlend mode="normal" in2="BackgroundImageFix" result="effect1_dropShadow_971_51319"></feBlend><feBlend mode="normal" in="SourceGraphic" in2="effect1_dropShadow_971_51319" result="shape"></feBlend></filter></defs></svg></figure></div></div><div data-qa="GenericArticle-ContentContainer" class="css-wvfhp ea45u6l28"><div data-qa="GenericArticle-Author" class="css-plhgzi ea45u6l15"><div data-qa="AuthorNames-AuthorNamesContainer" class=" er6t7fe31 css-1fl3ncg eybiz6w3"><a target="_self" class="e163ld431 css-uvyeg2 e1llv60l0" href="/author/mia-nulimaimaiti" data-qa="BaseLink-renderAnchor-StyledAnchor">Mia Nulimaimaiti</a><span data-qa="AuthorNames-renderLocations-AuthorLocation" class="css-1sn2av9 eybiz6w0">in <!-- -->London</span></div></div><div data-qa="GenericArticle-PublishDateTime" class="css-mbzp8v ea45u6l14"><div class=" er6t7fe27 css-1qbx4v2 efakuk42" data-qa="Article20Date-Container"><time dateTime="2024-11-21T15:00:17.000Z" data-qa="Article20Date-PublishedDate" class="css-0 efakuk41">Published: <!-- -->11:00pm, 21 Nov 2024</time><time dateTime="2024-11-22T00:59:55.000Z" data-qa="Article20Date-UpdatedDate" class="css-m6ip7c efakuk40">Updated: <!-- -->8:59am, 22 Nov 2024</time></div></div><div data-qa="GenericArticle-Correction" class="css-1ou8zht ea45u6l11"></div><div data-qa="GenericArticle-Content" class="css-1u2o0u6 ea45u6l10"><section class="er6t7fe37 css-19sk4h4 e1pqt1t0" data-qa="ContentBody-ContentBodyContainer"><div class="js-reading-0-percent-completion-tracker css-19icq8a ekyy9du0" data-qa="useTrackViewedPercentageRender-trackViewedPercentageRenders-TrackPercentageBlock"></div><div datatype="p" data-qa="Component-Component" class="e8zc9q40 css-1xdhyk6 ec74h0k0">China is accelerating its efforts to stockpile microchips from the United States, as it looks to hedge against a potential <a target="_self" class="e1yy41x40 ef9u0v01 css-1ankfgb e1llv60l0" href="https://www.scmp.com/tech/tech-war/article/3285998/chip-war-chinas-semiconductor-industry-braces-another-four-years-under-trump?module=inline&pgtype=article" data-qa="BaseLink-renderAnchor-StyledAnchor"><span data-qa="Component-Text" class="css-0 ef9u0v00">wave of sanctions</span></a> from the incoming administration of president-elect Donald Trump.</div><div data-qa="InlineAdSlot-Container" class=" css-zl1inp e11v3ui14"><div class="e11v3ui10 e11v3ui13 css-y2bwcc e1flwkbl0" data-qa="AdSlot-Container"><div data-qa="AdSlot-Label" class="css-1t8iakn e1flwkbl3">Advertisement</div><div data-qa="AdSlot-AdSlotContainer" class="css-0 e1flwkbl2"></div></div></div><p datatype="p" data-qa="Component-Component" class="e8zc9q40 css-1c6uqr6 ec74h0k1">Beijing’s appetite for US semiconductors has surged in recent months, with purchases reaching US$1.11 billion in October – a 60 per cent increase compared with the same period last year, according to customs data released on Wednesday.</p><p datatype="p" data-qa="Component-Component" class="e8zc9q40 css-1c6uqr6 ec74h0k1">Over the first 10 months of the year, China imported US$9.61 billion of microchips from the US, up 42.5 per cent year on year. Since June, China’s monthly chip purchases from the world’s largest economy have consistently surpassed US$1 billion.</p><div class="js-reading-20-percent-completion-tracker css-19icq8a ekyy9du0" data-qa="useTrackViewedPercentageRender-trackViewedPercentageRenders-TrackPercentageBlock"></div><p datatype="p" data-qa="Component-Component" class="e8zc9q40 css-1c6uqr6 ec74h0k1">“China has been increasing the imports of chips and chipmaking machinery in anticipation of the potentially heightened US chip sanctions,” said Liang Yan, a professor of economics at Willamette University in the US state of Oregon.</p><div datatype="p" data-qa="Component-Component" class="e8zc9q40 css-1xdhyk6 ec74h0k0">Of the nine categories of <a target="_self" class="e1yy41x40 ef9u0v01 css-1ankfgb e1llv60l0" href="https://www.scmp.com/tech/tech-war/article/3273606/tech-war-chinas-chip-imports-surge-firms-stockpile-ahead-fresh-us-restrictions?module=inline&pgtype=article" data-qa="BaseLink-renderAnchor-StyledAnchor"><span data-qa="Component-Text" class="css-0 ef9u0v00">microchip imported from the US</span></a>, China has been focusing primarily on buying up CPU-based processors and controllers, as well as chips designed for storage and signal amplification.</div><figure data-qa="Component-StyledFigure" class="css-37tcs e1t6i3s46"><svg width="42" height="29" viewBox="0 0 42 29" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" data-qa="Component-StyledQuoteIcon" class="css-0 e1t6i3s47"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M-0.000289917 9.38348L4.75373 4.78444L9.42532 0.104248V9.38348H18.9334L18.9334 28.1042H-0.000289917V9.38348ZM22.457 9.38332L27.1301 4.78428L31.8826 0.104086L31.8826 9.38332H41.3906V28.1041L22.457 28.1041L22.457 9.38332Z" fill="black"></path></svg><blockquote data-qa="Component-StyledBlockquote" class="css-39snvg e1t6i3s45">Without China’s demand, it is difficult for chip production to be profitable and sustainable</blockquote><div data-qa="Component-StyledFigcaptionContainer" class="css-1yupmj4 e1t6i3s44"><div data-qa="Component-StyledFigcaptionIcon" class="css-xd3tjd e1t6i3s43"></div><figcaption data-qa="Component-StyledFigcaption" class="css-1q9qn8v e1t6i3s42">Liang Yan, Willamette University</figcaption></div></figure><div datatype="p" data-qa="Component-Component" class="e8zc9q40 css-1xdhyk6 ec74h0k0">China continues to face challenges in developing more advanced chips. According to a Bloomberg report published on Tuesday, tech giant Huawei Technologies is still relying on the 7-nanometre architecture for its next two Ascend processors, as <a target="_self" class="e1yy41x40 ef9u0v01 css-1ankfgb e1llv60l0" href="https://www.scmp.com/tech/tech-war/article/3286204/chinas-tech-firms-fear-bigger-curbs-tsmc-stops-ai-chip-supply-us-order?module=inline&pgtype=article" data-qa="BaseLink-renderAnchor-StyledAnchor"><span data-qa="Component-Text" class="css-0 ef9u0v00">US technology restrictions</span></a> prevent the company from accessing more advanced lithography machines.</div><div data-qa="InlineAdSlot-Container" class=" css-zl1inp e11v3ui14"><div class="e11v3ui10 e11v3ui13 css-gy323d e1flwkbl0" data-qa="AdSlot-Container"><div data-qa="AdSlot-Label" class="css-1t8iakn e1flwkbl3">Advertisement</div><div data-qa="AdSlot-AdSlotContainer" class="css-0 e1flwkbl2"></div></div></div></section></div><div data-qa="GenericArticle-PaywallContainer" class="css-1kfpym9 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...helpersUseContentSponsorContent\n ...helpersCheckIsMainTopicContent\n ...contentSchemaRenderContent\n}\n\nfragment articleTitleArticle on Article {\n types {\n value {\n name\n id\n }\n }\n authors {\n name\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment articleTopicContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n topics {\n ...topicLinkTopic\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment articleTopicFollowWidgetArticle on Article {\n topics {\n ...topicLinkTopic\n ...entityFollowButtonBase\n disableFollow\n entityId\n name\n entityUuid\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment articleTopicWidgetArticle on Article {\n entityId\n sponsorType\n firstTopic {\n ...entityLink\n ...followButtonBase\n name\n disableFollow\n contents(first: 4, orderBy: {field: PUBLISHED_DATE, direction: DESC}) {\n edges {\n node {\n __typename\n entityId\n ...articleWidgetContent\n id\n }\n }\n }\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment articleTopicsContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n topics {\n ...topicLinkTopic\n ...entityFollowButtonBase\n entityId\n entityUuid\n name\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment articleVocabBoxArticle on Article {\n glossary {\n term\n translation\n description {\n json\n }\n }\n ...contentSchemaRenderContent\n}\n\nfragment articleWidgetContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n entityId\n urlAlias\n ... on Article {\n sponsorType\n }\n ...entityLink\n ...hooksContentItemProvidersContent_2aLOLQ\n}\n\nfragment atomsCurrentArticleAtomBase_3o8td4 on BaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias {\n __isBaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias: __typename\n __typename\n ... on Article {\n ...articleSeoArticle_3o8td4\n ...contentShareWidgetContent\n ...headerContentBookmarkArticle\n ...headerContentCommentTrigger\n ...helpersCheckIsStyleArticle\n ...helpersUseSharingUrl\n ...articleShareWidgetArticle\n ...hooksTrackPageViewArticle\n ...hooksContentInterestArticle\n ...hooksUseCurrentArticleIdsArticle\n ...hooksUseNotificationReadStatusArticle\n ...onboardingNewsletterSubscriptionArticle\n }\n}\n\nfragment atomsCurrentNotificationSectionAtomBase on BaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias {\n __isBaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias: __typename\n __typename\n ... on Section {\n fullSectionPath {\n ...hooksUseNotificationsSection\n id\n }\n }\n ... on Article {\n sections {\n value {\n ...hooksUseNotificationsSection\n id\n }\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment atomsCurrentStyleCardCarouselWidgetSectionsAtomBase on BaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias {\n __isBaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias: __typename\n __typename\n ... on Article {\n sections {\n value {\n entityId\n name\n id\n }\n }\n }\n ... on Section {\n fullSectionPath {\n entityId\n name\n id\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment atomsCurrentTakeoverAdSectionsAtomBase on BaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias {\n __isBaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias: __typename\n __typename\n ... on Article {\n sections {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n }\n ... on Section {\n fullSectionPath {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment authorAvatarAuthor on Author {\n ...entityLink\n entityId\n entityUuid\n name\n types\n image(filter: {type: 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style(filter: {style: \"540x360\"}) {\n url\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment contentCoverImageContent_D9JlW on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n images {\n url\n title\n type\n size80x80: style(filter: {style: \"80x80\"}) {\n url\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment contentCoverVideoContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ... on Article {\n multimediaEmbed {\n json\n }\n ...contentSchemaRenderContent\n }\n}\n\nfragment contentHeadlineContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n headline\n socialHeadline\n ...contentHeadlineTagContent\n ...helpersUseContentSponsorContent\n}\n\nfragment contentHeadlineTagContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...hooksContentHeadlineTagContent\n}\n\nfragment contentLiveArticleArticle on Article {\n ...itemLiveArticleContentArticle\n}\n\nfragment contentLiveTagContent on Article {\n ...helpersCheckHasLiveTagArticle\n}\n\nfragment contentNewsletterArticleArticle on Article {\n entityId\n relatedLinks\n}\n\nfragment contentNewsletterWidgetContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n topics {\n relatedNewsletters {\n ...helpersMassageToNewsletterItemNewsletter\n id\n }\n id\n }\n sections {\n value {\n relatedNewsletters {\n ...helpersMassageToNewsletterItemNewsletter\n id\n }\n id\n }\n }\n ... on Article {\n relatedNewsletters {\n ...helpersMassageToNewsletterItemNewsletter\n id\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment contentPublishedDateContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n publishedDate\n}\n\nfragment contentReadMoreButtonContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...appButtonContent\n}\n\nfragment contentSchemaRenderContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...blockquoteQuoteContent\n ...imageContent\n ...inlineWidgetContent\n ...photoGalleryWidgetContent\n ...scmpYoutubeContent\n}\n\nfragment contentShareWidgetContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n entityId\n urlAlias\n shortUrl\n socialHeadline\n headline\n}\n\nfragment contentSponsorTagContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...helpersUseContentSponsorContent\n}\n\nfragment contentSubHeadlineContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n subHeadline {\n json\n }\n summary {\n json\n }\n ...contentSchemaRenderContent\n}\n\nfragment contentSummaryContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n __typename\n summary {\n text\n }\n}\n\nfragment contentUpdatedDateContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n updatedDate\n}\n\nfragment contextsArticleListContextProviderArticle on Article {\n entityId\n}\n\nfragment contextsContentReadMoreContextProviderContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...helpersGetArticleTypeArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsStyleArticle\n ... on Article {\n sponsorType\n }\n}\n\nfragment copyLinkArticle20CopyLinkContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n entityId\n urlAlias\n shortUrl\n headline\n socialHeadline\n}\n\nfragment defaultArticleDateContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...hooksArticleDateUtilsContent\n}\n\nfragment defaultAuthorCardAuthor on Author {\n ...authorAvatarAuthor\n ...authorBioAuthor\n ...authorNameAuthor\n ...authorRoleAuthor\n ...entityFollowButtonBase\n ...followButtonBase\n}\n\nfragment entityFollowButtonBase on BaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias {\n __isBaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias: __typename\n __typename\n ... on Section {\n entityId\n name\n }\n ... on Author {\n entityId\n name\n disableFollow\n }\n ... on Topic {\n entityId\n name\n disableFollow\n }\n}\n\nfragment entityLink on BaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias {\n __isBaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias: __typename\n __typename\n entityId\n entityUuid\n urlAlias\n urlRedirect {\n toUrl\n id\n }\n application {\n entityId\n id\n }\n ... on Section {\n fullSectionPath {\n entityId\n id\n }\n parentSection\n }\n ...helpersAppBarVariantBase\n ...helpersApplicationBase\n ...helpersCheckIsPlusArticle\n ...helpersStyleSectionContent\n}\n\nfragment factSheetLinkPlusGenericArticleContent on Article {\n entityId\n factSheets {\n url\n name\n }\n ...helpersGetArticleTypeArticle\n}\n\nfragment followButtonBase on BaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias {\n __isBaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias: __typename\n ...entityFollowButtonBase\n entityId\n}\n\nfragment genericArticleContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n entityId\n flag\n sections {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n ...articleBaseAdvertisingInfoArticle\n ...contentNewsletterWidgetContent\n ...globalCheckerContent\n ...helpersGetArticleTypeArticle\n ...hooksContentHelperContent\n ...shareArticle20Content\n}\n\nfragment genericArticleSpeechInlineWidgetGenericArticle on Article {\n entityId\n ...buttonArticleSpeechInlineWidgetGenericButtonArticle\n ...hooksShowGenericInlineWidgetByArticleArticle\n ...toolTipArticleSpeechWidgetToolTipArticle\n}\n\nfragment genericPostiesArticleContent_3o8td4 on Article {\n sections {\n value {\n name\n urlAlias\n id\n }\n }\n authors {\n name\n id\n }\n publishedDate\n additionalInfoBoxes {\n ...articleAdditionalInfoBoxArticle\n }\n ...genericPostiesArticleVocabBoxArticle\n ...blockquoteQuoteGenericPostiesArticleContent\n ...articleBaseAdvertisingInfoArticle\n ...contentBodyContent_3o8td4\n}\n\nfragment genericPostiesArticleVocabBoxArticle on Article {\n glossary {\n term\n translation\n description {\n json\n }\n }\n ...contentSchemaRenderContent\n}\n\nfragment globalCheckerContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...articlePaywallCheckerContent\n}\n\nfragment headerContentBookmarkArticle on Article {\n entityId\n}\n\nfragment headerContentCommentTrigger on Article {\n ...articleCommentsTriggerArticle\n}\n\nfragment headerMorningStudioArticle on Article {\n ...articleSponsorContent\n ...subheaderMorningStudioSubheaderContent\n headline\n coverDesktop: image(filter: {type: COVER}) {\n url\n }\n coverMobile: image(filter: {type: COVER_MOBILE}) {\n url\n }\n}\n\nfragment headerNewsletterArticleArticle on Article {\n headline\n ...issuesNewsletterArticleArticle\n ...breadcrumbNewsletterArticleArticle\n ...widgetNewsletterArticleArticle\n}\n\nfragment helpersAppBarVariantBase on BaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias {\n __isBaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias: __typename\n ...helpersCheckIsLiveArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsPlusPage\n ...helpersCheckIsPostiesArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsPostiesPage\n ...helpersCheckIsPostMagazineArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsStyleArticle\n ...helpersSectionContent\n ...helpersStyleSectionContent\n}\n\nfragment helpersApplicationBase on BaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias {\n __isBaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias: __typename\n ...helpersCheckIsPostiesArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsPostiesPage\n ...helpersCheckIsPlusPage\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckArticleIsInSectionsArticle on Article {\n sections {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckArticleRenderTypeArticle on Article {\n ...helpersCheckCanShowInPlusPlatformArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsPlusArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsPostiesArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsPostMagazineArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsStyleArticle\n ...helpersGetArticleTypeArticle\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckCanShowInPlusPlatformArticle on Article {\n ...helpersCheckArticleIsInSectionsArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsPlusArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsStyleArticle\n ...helpersGetArticleTypeArticle\n ...helpersUseContentSponsorContent\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckHasLiveTagArticle on Article {\n flattenTypeIds\n liveArticle {\n status\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckIfNewsSectionInFirstIndexSection on Section {\n name\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckIsLiveArticle on Article {\n flattenTypeIds\n liveArticle {\n status\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckIsMainTopicContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n topics {\n entityId\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckIsPlusArticle on Article {\n paywallTypes {\n entityUuid\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckIsPlusPage on Page {\n urlAlias\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckIsPostMagazineArticle on Article {\n sections {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckIsPostiesArticle on Article {\n sections {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckIsPostiesPage on Page {\n urlAlias\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckIsStyleArticle on Article {\n sections {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersGetArticleTypeArticle on Article {\n types {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersIsArchiveWallArticle on Article {\n ...helpersIsVelocityWallArticle\n createdDate\n publishedDate\n paywallTypes {\n entityId\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersIsArticleVideoAsHeroArticle on Article {\n multimediaEmbed {\n json\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersIsVelocityWallArticle on Article {\n paywallTypes {\n entityId\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersMassageToNewsletterItemNewsletter on Newsletter {\n entityId\n name\n alternativeName\n description {\n text\n }\n summary {\n text\n }\n homepageDescription {\n text\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersSanitizeArticleTypeEntityIdsArticle on Article {\n types {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersSanitizeAuthorTypesArticle on Article {\n authors {\n types\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersSanitizedAuthorEntityIdsArticle on Article {\n authors {\n entityId\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersSectionContent on Section {\n fullSectionPath {\n entityId\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersStyleSectionContent on Section {\n fullSectionPath {\n entityId\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersUseContentSponsorContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n topics {\n entityId\n sponsor {\n ...sponsorTagSponsor\n name\n type\n id\n }\n id\n }\n ... on Article {\n sponsorType\n }\n ...helpersCheckIsMainTopicContent\n}\n\nfragment helpersUseSharingUrl on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n urlAlias\n}\n\nfragment hooksArticleAcknowledgementGateOverlayArticle on Article {\n entityId\n}\n\nfragment hooksArticleDateUtilsContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n createdDate\n publishedDate\n updatedDate\n}\n\nfragment hooksArticleReactionUtilsArticle on Article {\n sections {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n topics {\n entityId\n id\n }\n entityId\n sponsorType\n}\n\nfragment hooksArticleSeoArticle on Article {\n ...helpersCheckIsPostiesArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsPostMagazineArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsPlusArticle\n ...hooksContentHeadlineTagContent\n entityId\n headline\n socialHeadline\n types {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n authors {\n entityId\n id\n }\n topics {\n sponsor {\n entityId\n id\n }\n id\n }\n sections {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n images {\n generic_og: style(filter: {style: \"og_image_scmp_generic\"}) {\n url\n }\n styles(filter: {styles: [\"og_image_posties_article\", \"og_postmag\", \"og_image_scmp_analysis\", \"og_image_scmp_explainer\", \"og_image_scmp_editorial\", \"og_image_scmp_fact_check\", \"og_image_scmp_debate\", \"og_image_scmp_live\", \"og_image_scmp_obituary\", \"og_image_scmp_opinion\", \"og_image_scmp_review\", \"og_image_scmp_series\", \"og_image_scmp_generic\"]}) {\n url\n style\n }\n type\n }\n disableOffPlatformContent\n published\n sponsorType\n urlAlias\n}\n\nfragment hooksContentHeadlineTagContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ... on Article {\n types {\n value {\n name\n entityId\n description {\n text\n }\n id\n }\n }\n ...helpersCheckIsStyleArticle\n }\n flag\n sections {\n value {\n name\n id\n }\n }\n ...hooksContentHelperContent\n}\n\nfragment hooksContentHelperContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...helpersSanitizeArticleTypeEntityIdsArticle\n ...helpersSanitizeAuthorTypesArticle\n ...helpersSanitizedAuthorEntityIdsArticle\n flag\n}\n\nfragment hooksContentInterestArticle on Article {\n entityId\n sentiment\n urlAlias\n types {\n value {\n name\n id\n }\n }\n topics {\n name\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment hooksContentItemProvidersContent_2aLOLQ on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...contentCoverImageContent_3ndUvy\n ...contentHeadlineContent\n ...contentSponsorTagContent\n ... on Video {\n __typename\n }\n}\n\nfragment hooksContentItemProvidersContent_2niEwz on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...contentCoverImageContent_4isNar\n ...contentHeadlineContent\n ...contentSummaryContent\n ...contentSponsorTagContent\n ...contentUpdatedDateContent\n ... on Video {\n __typename\n }\n}\n\nfragment hooksContentItemProvidersContent_3JkJ9S on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...contentCoverImageContent_1OCN1a\n ...contentHeadlineContent\n ...contentSponsorTagContent\n ... on Video {\n __typename\n }\n}\n\nfragment hooksContentItemProvidersContent_3n3tyT on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...contentCoverImageContent_D9JlW\n ...contentHeadlineContent\n ...contentSponsorTagContent\n ... on Video {\n __typename\n }\n}\n\nfragment hooksContentItemProvidersContent_3wWJWe on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...contentCoverImageContent_3ndUvy\n ...contentHeadlineContent\n ...contentPublishedDateContent\n ...contentSummaryContent\n ...contentSponsorTagContent\n ... on Video {\n __typename\n ...videoDurationOverlayVideo\n }\n}\n\nfragment hooksPaywallPromiseContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n entityId\n ...helpersCheckIsPostiesArticle\n}\n\nfragment hooksPostiesArticleArticle_3o8td4 on Article {\n ...genericPostiesArticleContent_3o8td4\n ...helpersGetArticleTypeArticle\n}\n\nfragment hooksSeriesArticleSectionTagArticle on Article {\n sections {\n value {\n entityId\n name\n id\n }\n }\n types {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment hooksShowGenericInlineWidgetByArticleArticle on Article {\n ...helpersCheckIsPostiesArticle\n ...hooksPaywallPromiseContent\n entityId\n flag\n sections {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n types {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n topics {\n entityId\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment hooksTrackCurrentItemBase_3o8td4 on BaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias {\n __isBaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias: __typename\n __typename\n ...atomsCurrentArticleAtomBase_3o8td4\n ...atomsCurrentNotificationSectionAtomBase\n ...atomsCurrentTakeoverAdSectionsAtomBase\n ...atomsCurrentStyleCardCarouselWidgetSectionsAtomBase\n}\n\nfragment hooksTrackPageViewArticle on Article {\n entityId\n publishedDate\n headline\n sections {\n value {\n name\n id\n }\n }\n topics {\n name\n entityId\n id\n }\n urlAlias\n authors {\n name\n id\n }\n copyrighted\n entityUuid\n socialHeadline\n sponsor\n}\n\nfragment hooksUseCurrentArticleIdsArticle on Article {\n entityId\n entityUuid\n}\n\nfragment hooksUseNotificationReadStatusArticle on Article {\n entityId\n}\n\nfragment hooksUseNotificationsSection on Section {\n ...notificationSection\n entityId\n}\n\nfragment imageContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n headline\n ...checkersCheckContentContainsStarlingImageContent\n}\n\nfragment infographicArticleArticle on Article {\n ...globalCheckerContent\n ...landingBannerInfographicArticle\n}\n\nfragment inlineArticleSeriesInlineArticle on Article {\n entityId\n seriesContainer {\n entityId\n headline\n socialHeadline\n urlAlias\n series {\n __typename\n ... on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n entityId\n }\n ... on Node {\n __isNode: __typename\n id\n }\n }\n ...entityLink\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment inlineWidgetContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...contentNewsletterWidgetContent\n}\n\nfragment issuesDropdownNewsletterArticleArticle on Article {\n entityId\n}\n\nfragment issuesNewsletterArticleArticle on Article {\n types {\n value {\n entityUuid\n id\n }\n }\n ...issuesDropdownNewsletterArticleArticle\n}\n\nfragment itemLiveArticleContentArticle on Article {\n entityId\n urlAlias\n ...articleImageGalleryContent\n ...contentSchemaRenderContent\n ...contentShareWidgetContent\n}\n\nfragment landingBannerInfographicArticle on Article {\n ...articleSponsorContent\n ...articleShareWidgetArticle\n headline\n topics {\n ...entityLink\n name\n id\n }\n images {\n title\n url\n }\n coverHero: image(filter: {type: HERO}) {\n url\n }\n}\n\nfragment liveArticleArticle on Article {\n entityId\n entityUuid\n flag\n ...articleImageGalleryContent\n ...helpersCheckHasLiveTagArticle\n ...contentLiveArticleArticle\n ...globalCheckerContent\n ...newsletterWidgetLiveArticleArticle\n ...shareArticle20Content\n ...articleBaseAdvertisingInfoArticle\n}\n\nfragment liveBlogPostingLiveArticles_2w8PNF on Query {\n article(filter: {entityId: $entityId}) {\n urlAlias\n id\n }\n liveArticle(filter: {entityUuid: $entityUuid}) {\n customTimezone\n liveContents {\n entityId\n publishedDate\n title\n body {\n text\n }\n }\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment magazinesStyleArticleMoreOnThisContentItemContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...entityLink\n ...helpersCheckIsMainTopicContent\n ...hooksContentItemProvidersContent_3JkJ9S\n}\n\nfragment morningStudioArticleContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...globalCheckerContent\n ...headerMorningStudioArticle\n}\n\nfragment morningStudioArticleFooterContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n entityUuid\n topics {\n entityUuid\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment newsletterArticleArticle on Article {\n ...contentNewsletterArticleArticle\n ...headerNewsletterArticleArticle\n ...issuesNewsletterArticleArticle\n ...widgetNewsletterArticleArticle\n}\n\nfragment newsletterWidgetLiveArticleArticle on Article {\n ...contentNewsletterWidgetContent\n}\n\nfragment notificationSection on Section {\n name\n}\n\nfragment onboardingNewsletterSubscriptionArticle on Article {\n sections {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment photoGalleryDialogContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n __typename\n ...contentShareWidgetContent\n}\n\nfragment photoGalleryWidgetContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...photoGalleryDialogContent\n}\n\nfragment pianoIntegrationArticle on Article {\n __typename\n contentLock\n createdDate\n entityId\n entityUuid\n headline\n publishedDate\n sponsor\n sponsorType\n urlAlias\n authors {\n name\n id\n }\n sections {\n value {\n entityUuid\n name\n id\n }\n }\n topics {\n name\n id\n }\n types {\n value {\n entityId\n name\n id\n }\n }\n ...helpersAppBarVariantBase\n ...hooksPaywallPromiseContent\n ...helpersIsArchiveWallArticle\n ...helpersIsVelocityWallArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsPostiesArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsPlusArticle\n ...helpersCheckCanShowInPlusPlatformArticle\n ...useShareContentUnlockedArticle\n}\n\nfragment plusArticleAuthorBlockArticle on Article {\n ...articleDateContent\n ...authorNamesArticle\n authors {\n entityId\n ...authorAvatarAuthor\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment plusArticleTitleArticle on Article {\n ...hooksContentHelperContent\n ...articleTitleArticle\n ...plusArticleTypeTitleContent\n ...helpersGetArticleTypeArticle\n}\n\nfragment plusArticleTypeTitleContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...helpersGetArticleTypeArticle\n}\n\nfragment plusAuthorCardAuthor on Author {\n ...authorAvatarAuthor\n ...authorNameAuthor\n ...authorBioAuthor\n areaOfExpertise\n}\n\nfragment plusColumnsArticleContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...articleTitleArticle\n ...blockquoteQuotePlusGenericArticleContent\n ...hooksContentHelperContent\n}\n\nfragment plusGenericArticleContent on Article {\n ...blockquoteQuotePlusGenericArticleContent\n ...factSheetLinkPlusGenericArticleContent\n ...plusArticleTitleArticle\n}\n\nfragment popupArticle20ShareMenuContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...articleShareWidgetArticle\n}\n\nfragment postMagazineArticleContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...helpersGetArticleTypeArticle\n ...genericArticleContent\n}\n\nfragment scmpYoutubeContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n entityId\n urlAlias\n publishedDate\n}\n\nfragment seriesArticleArticle on Article {\n entityId\n sections {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n series {\n __typename\n ... on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...seriesPrimaryContent\n }\n ... on Node {\n __isNode: __typename\n id\n }\n }\n ...seriesBannerContent\n ...shareArticle20Content\n}\n\nfragment seriesBannerContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...hooksSeriesArticleSectionTagArticle\n ...entityLink\n ...hooksContentItemProvidersContent_2niEwz\n publishedDate\n}\n\nfragment seriesPrimaryContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n entityId\n urlAlias\n ...entityLink\n ...hooksContentItemProvidersContent_3wWJWe\n}\n\nfragment shareArticle20Content on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...popupArticle20ShareMenuContent\n}\n\nfragment sponsorTagSponsor on Sponsor {\n name\n type\n images {\n url\n }\n}\n\nfragment styleArticleAuthorBlockArticle on Article {\n createdDate\n publishedDate\n sponsorType\n firstTopic {\n sponsor {\n name\n type\n id\n }\n id\n }\n authors {\n ...authorNameAuthor\n entityId\n id\n }\n ...hooksContentHelperContent\n}\n\nfragment styleArticleContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n entityId\n ...articleImageGalleryContent\n ...articleMoreOnThisListStyleArticle\n ...globalCheckerContent\n ...styleArticleAuthorBlockArticle\n}\n\nfragment 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}\n}\n\nfragment articleLinkingDataContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n urlAlias\n sections {\n value {\n ...helpersCheckIfNewsSectionInFirstIndexSection\n ...entityLink\n name\n urlAlias\n urlRedirect {\n toUrl\n id\n }\n id\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment articleListArticle_3o8td4 on Article {\n ...articleDividerArticle\n ...articleFooterArticle\n ...articlePaginationCheckerArticle\n ...articlePaginationNavigationHistoryArticle_3o8td4\n ...articleRecommendationArticle\n ...articlePaywallCheckerContent\n ...articleRenderArticle_3o8td4\n ...helpersCheckIsPostiesArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsStyleArticle\n ...contextsContentReadMoreContextProviderContent\n ...contextsArticleListContextProviderArticle\n}\n\nfragment articleMoreOnThisListArticle on Article {\n moreOnThisArticles {\n ...entityLink\n entityId\n headline\n socialHeadline\n urlAlias\n images {\n url\n style(filter: {style: \"237x147\"}) {\n url\n }\n }\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment articleMoreOnThisListStyleArticle on Article {\n styleMoreOnThisArticles: moreOnThisArticles {\n ...entityLink\n ...magazinesStyleArticleMoreOnThisContentItemContent\n entityId\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment articleMoreStoriesArticle on Article {\n moreOnThisArticles {\n entityId\n ...articleMoreStoriesItemArticle\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment articleMoreStoriesItemArticle on Article {\n ...entityLink\n headline\n socialHeadline\n sections {\n value {\n name\n urlAlias\n id\n }\n }\n images {\n url\n size768x768: style(filter: {style: \"768x768\"}) {\n url\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment articlePaginationCheckerArticle on Article {\n ...helpersCheckIsPostiesArticle\n ...helpersGetArticleTypeArticle\n}\n\nfragment articlePaginationNavigationHistoryArticle_3o8td4 on Article {\n entityId\n urlAlias\n ...hooksTrackCurrentItemBase_3o8td4\n}\n\nfragment articlePaywallCheckerContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...hooksPaywallPromiseContent\n}\n\nfragment articlePaywallContainerArticle on Article {\n entityId\n}\n\nfragment articlePrintArticle on Article {\n ...contentShareWidgetContent\n}\n\nfragment articlePrintHeadlineMessageArticle on Article {\n printHeadline\n}\n\nfragment articleReactionArticle on Article {\n entityId\n sections {\n value {\n name\n ...helpersCheckIfNewsSectionInFirstIndexSection\n id\n }\n }\n ...hooksArticleReactionUtilsArticle\n}\n\nfragment articleReadingTimeContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n readingTime\n}\n\nfragment articleRecommendationArticle on Article {\n ...helpersCheckIsStyleArticle\n entityId\n moreOnThisArticles {\n ...helpersCheckIsStyleArticle\n entityId\n paywallTypes {\n entityId\n id\n }\n publishedDate\n sections {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n types {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n urlAlias\n urlRedirect {\n toUrl\n id\n }\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment articleRenderArticle_3o8td4 on Article {\n entityId\n ...articleActionWidgetArticle\n ...articleAdditionalInfoBoxArticleContent\n ...articleAuthorBlockArticle\n ...articleAuthorDetailsContent\n ...articleBaseAdvertisingInfoArticle\n ...articleBeforeYouGoTopicsContent\n ...articleBeforeYouGoWidget\n ...articleCommentsTriggerArticle\n ...articleCorrectionsWidgetArticle\n ...articleDateContent\n ...articleFurtherReadingWidgetArticle\n ...articleImageGalleryContent\n ...articleLeadingArticle\n ...articleMoreOnThisListArticle\n ...articlePaywallContainerArticle\n ...articlePrintHeadlineMessageArticle\n ...articleReactionArticle\n ...articleReadingTimeContent\n ...articleSectionsContent\n ...articleSeriesArticle\n ...articleShareWidgetArticle\n ...articleSpeechInlineWidgetArticle\n ...articleSpeechPlayerPortalArticle\n ...articleSponsorContent\n ...articleTopicContent\n ...articleTopicFollowWidgetArticle\n ...articleTopicsContent\n ...articleTopicWidgetArticle\n ...articleVocabBoxArticle\n ...authorAvatarsArticle\n ...authorNamesArticle\n ...contentBodyContent_3o8td4\n ...contentHeadlineContent\n ...contentLiveTagContent\n ...contentReadMoreButtonContent\n ...contentSchemaRenderContent\n ...contentSubHeadlineContent\n ...contentSummaryContent\n ...genericArticleContent\n ...postMagazineArticleContent\n ...globalCheckerContent\n ...helpersCheckArticleRenderTypeArticle\n ...helpersGetArticleTypeArticle\n ...hooksPostiesArticleArticle_3o8td4\n ...infographicArticleArticle\n ...liveArticleArticle\n ...morningStudioArticleContent\n ...newsletterArticleArticle\n ...pianoIntegrationArticle\n ...plusColumnsArticleContent\n ...plusGenericArticleContent\n ...seriesArticleArticle\n ...styleArticleContent\n ...contentActionBarContent\n}\n\nfragment articleSchemaContent_mN6kk on Query {\n article(filter: {entityId: $entityId}) {\n ...hooksContentHeadlineTagContent\n authorLocations\n contentLock\n createdDate\n headline\n publishedDate\n socialHeadline\n sponsorType\n updatedDate\n urlAlias\n authors {\n location\n name\n types\n urlAlias\n id\n }\n body(customContents: $customContents, type: $bodyType) {\n json\n text\n }\n corrections {\n correction {\n text\n }\n timestamp\n }\n images {\n isSlideshow\n height\n width\n url\n }\n sections {\n value {\n name\n id\n }\n }\n types {\n value {\n name\n id\n }\n }\n id\n }\n ...liveBlogPostingLiveArticles_2w8PNF\n}\n\nfragment articleSectionsContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n sections {\n value {\n ...helpersCheckIfNewsSectionInFirstIndexSection\n ...entityLink\n name\n id\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment articleSeoArticle_3o8td4 on Article {\n ...hooksArticleSeoArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsPostiesArticle\n entityId\n publishedDate\n updatedDate\n summary {\n text\n }\n subHeadline {\n text\n }\n body(customContents: $customContents, type: $bodyType) {\n text\n }\n keywords\n sections {\n value {\n name\n id\n }\n }\n topics {\n name\n entityId\n id\n }\n urlAlias\n authors {\n name\n id\n }\n images {\n style(filter: {style: \"768x768\"}) {\n url\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment articleSeriesArticle on Article {\n seriesContainer {\n entityId\n id\n }\n ...inlineArticleSeriesInlineArticle\n ...carouselArticleSeriesCarouselArticle\n}\n\nfragment articleSeriesCarouselContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n entityId\n ... on Article {\n seriesContainer {\n series {\n __typename\n ... on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n entityId\n }\n ... on Node {\n __isNode: __typename\n id\n }\n }\n id\n }\n }\n ...entityLink\n ...hooksContentItemProvidersContent_3n3tyT\n}\n\nfragment articleShareWidgetArticle on Article {\n ...contentShareWidgetContent\n ...articleCommentsTriggerArticle\n ...articleSpeechInlineWidgetArticle\n}\n\nfragment articleSpeechInlineWidgetArticle on Article {\n entityId\n ...genericArticleSpeechInlineWidgetGenericArticle\n}\n\nfragment articleSpeechPlayerPortalArticle on Article {\n entityId\n ...articleSpeechInlineWidgetArticle\n}\n\nfragment articleSponsorContent on Article {\n topics {\n entityId\n sponsor {\n description {\n json\n }\n ...sponsorTagSponsor\n id\n }\n id\n }\n ...helpersUseContentSponsorContent\n ...helpersCheckIsMainTopicContent\n ...contentSchemaRenderContent\n}\n\nfragment articleTitleArticle on Article {\n types {\n value {\n name\n id\n }\n }\n authors {\n name\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment articleTopicContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n topics {\n ...topicLinkTopic\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment articleTopicFollowWidgetArticle on Article {\n topics {\n ...topicLinkTopic\n ...entityFollowButtonBase\n disableFollow\n entityId\n name\n entityUuid\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment articleTopicWidgetArticle on Article {\n entityId\n sponsorType\n firstTopic {\n ...entityLink\n ...followButtonBase\n name\n disableFollow\n contents(first: 4, orderBy: {field: PUBLISHED_DATE, direction: DESC}) {\n edges {\n node {\n __typename\n entityId\n ...articleWidgetContent\n id\n }\n }\n }\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment articleTopicsContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n topics {\n ...topicLinkTopic\n ...entityFollowButtonBase\n entityId\n entityUuid\n name\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment articleVocabBoxArticle on Article {\n glossary {\n term\n translation\n description {\n json\n }\n }\n ...contentSchemaRenderContent\n}\n\nfragment articleWidgetContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n entityId\n urlAlias\n ... on Article {\n sponsorType\n }\n ...entityLink\n ...hooksContentItemProvidersContent_2aLOLQ\n}\n\nfragment atomsCurrentArticleAtomBase_3o8td4 on BaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias {\n __isBaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias: __typename\n __typename\n ... on Article {\n ...articleSeoArticle_3o8td4\n ...contentShareWidgetContent\n ...headerContentBookmarkArticle\n ...headerContentCommentTrigger\n ...helpersCheckIsStyleArticle\n ...helpersUseSharingUrl\n ...articleShareWidgetArticle\n ...hooksTrackPageViewArticle\n ...hooksContentInterestArticle\n ...hooksUseCurrentArticleIdsArticle\n ...hooksUseNotificationReadStatusArticle\n ...onboardingNewsletterSubscriptionArticle\n }\n}\n\nfragment atomsCurrentNotificationSectionAtomBase on BaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias {\n __isBaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias: __typename\n __typename\n ... on Section {\n fullSectionPath {\n ...hooksUseNotificationsSection\n id\n }\n }\n ... on Article {\n sections {\n value {\n ...hooksUseNotificationsSection\n id\n }\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment atomsCurrentStyleCardCarouselWidgetSectionsAtomBase on BaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias {\n __isBaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias: __typename\n __typename\n ... on Article {\n sections {\n value {\n entityId\n name\n id\n }\n }\n }\n ... on Section {\n fullSectionPath {\n entityId\n name\n id\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment atomsCurrentTakeoverAdSectionsAtomBase on BaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias {\n __isBaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias: __typename\n __typename\n ... on Article {\n sections {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n }\n ... on Section {\n fullSectionPath {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment authorAvatarAuthor on Author {\n ...entityLink\n entityId\n entityUuid\n name\n types\n image(filter: {type: AUTHOR_IMAGE}) {\n style(filter: {style: \"300x300\"}) {\n url\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment authorAvatarsArticle on Article {\n authors {\n entityId\n ...authorAvatarAuthor\n ...entityFollowButtonBase\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment authorBioAuthor on Author {\n bio\n}\n\nfragment authorCardAuthor on Author {\n ...styleAuthorCardAuthor\n ...defaultAuthorCardAuthor\n ...plusAuthorCardAuthor\n}\n\nfragment authorNameAuthor on Author {\n ...entityLink\n name\n entityUuid\n}\n\nfragment authorNamesArticle on Article {\n authorLocations\n authors {\n entityId\n location\n ...authorNameAuthor\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment authorRoleAuthor on Author {\n role {\n text\n }\n}\n\nfragment authorSocialLinksAuthor on Author {\n socialLinks {\n class\n title\n url\n }\n}\n\nfragment beforeYouGoActionWidgetContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...shareArticle20Content\n ...articleShareWidgetArticle\n entityId\n urlAlias\n shortUrl\n headline\n socialHeadline\n}\n\nfragment blockquoteQuoteContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...contentShareWidgetContent\n}\n\nfragment blockquoteQuoteGenericPostiesArticleContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...contentShareWidgetContent\n}\n\nfragment blockquoteQuotePlusGenericArticleContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...contentShareWidgetContent\n}\n\nfragment breadcrumbNewsletterArticleArticle on Article {\n types {\n value {\n name\n id\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment buttonArticleSpeechInlineWidgetGenericButtonArticle on Article {\n entityId\n socialHeadline\n headline\n}\n\nfragment carouselArticleSeriesCarouselArticle on Article {\n entityId\n seriesContainer {\n entityId\n headline\n socialHeadline\n urlAlias\n series {\n __typename\n ... on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n entityId\n urlAlias\n ...articleSeriesCarouselContent\n }\n ... on Node {\n __isNode: __typename\n id\n }\n }\n ...entityLink\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment checkersCheckContentContainsStarlingImageContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n topics {\n entityId\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment contentActionBarContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n entityId\n createdDate\n updatedDate\n publishedDate\n ...articleCommentArticle\n ... on Article {\n hasVideoContent\n }\n}\n\nfragment contentBodyContent_3o8td4 on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n entityId\n body(customContents: $customContents, type: $bodyType) {\n json\n }\n ...contentSchemaRenderContent\n}\n\nfragment contentCoverImageContent_1OCN1a on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n images {\n url\n title\n type\n size768x768: style(filter: {style: \"768x768\"}) {\n url\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment contentCoverImageContent_3ndUvy on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n images {\n url\n title\n type\n size540x360: style(filter: {style: \"540x360\"}) {\n url\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment contentCoverImageContent_4isNar on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n images {\n url\n title\n type\n landscape250x99: style(filter: {style: \"landscape_250_99\"}) {\n url\n }\n size540x360: style(filter: {style: \"540x360\"}) {\n url\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment contentCoverImageContent_D9JlW on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n images {\n url\n title\n type\n size80x80: style(filter: {style: \"80x80\"}) {\n url\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment contentCoverVideoContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ... on Article {\n multimediaEmbed {\n json\n }\n ...contentSchemaRenderContent\n }\n}\n\nfragment contentHeadlineContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n headline\n socialHeadline\n ...contentHeadlineTagContent\n ...helpersUseContentSponsorContent\n}\n\nfragment contentHeadlineTagContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...hooksContentHeadlineTagContent\n}\n\nfragment contentLiveArticleArticle on Article {\n ...itemLiveArticleContentArticle\n}\n\nfragment contentLiveTagContent on Article {\n ...helpersCheckHasLiveTagArticle\n}\n\nfragment contentNewsletterArticleArticle on Article {\n entityId\n relatedLinks\n}\n\nfragment contentNewsletterWidgetContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n topics {\n relatedNewsletters {\n ...helpersMassageToNewsletterItemNewsletter\n id\n }\n id\n }\n sections {\n value {\n relatedNewsletters {\n ...helpersMassageToNewsletterItemNewsletter\n id\n }\n id\n }\n }\n ... on Article {\n relatedNewsletters {\n ...helpersMassageToNewsletterItemNewsletter\n id\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment contentPublishedDateContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n publishedDate\n}\n\nfragment contentReadMoreButtonContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...appButtonContent\n}\n\nfragment contentSchemaRenderContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...blockquoteQuoteContent\n ...imageContent\n ...inlineWidgetContent\n ...photoGalleryWidgetContent\n ...scmpYoutubeContent\n}\n\nfragment contentShareWidgetContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n entityId\n urlAlias\n shortUrl\n socialHeadline\n headline\n}\n\nfragment contentSponsorTagContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...helpersUseContentSponsorContent\n}\n\nfragment contentSubHeadlineContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n subHeadline {\n json\n }\n summary {\n json\n }\n ...contentSchemaRenderContent\n}\n\nfragment contentSummaryContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n __typename\n summary {\n text\n }\n}\n\nfragment contentUpdatedDateContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n updatedDate\n}\n\nfragment contextsArticleListContextProviderArticle on Article {\n entityId\n}\n\nfragment contextsContentReadMoreContextProviderContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...helpersGetArticleTypeArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsStyleArticle\n ... on Article {\n sponsorType\n }\n}\n\nfragment copyLinkArticle20CopyLinkContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n entityId\n urlAlias\n shortUrl\n headline\n socialHeadline\n}\n\nfragment defaultArticleDateContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...hooksArticleDateUtilsContent\n}\n\nfragment defaultAuthorCardAuthor on Author {\n ...authorAvatarAuthor\n ...authorBioAuthor\n ...authorNameAuthor\n ...authorRoleAuthor\n ...entityFollowButtonBase\n ...followButtonBase\n}\n\nfragment entityFollowButtonBase on BaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias {\n __isBaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias: __typename\n __typename\n ... on Section {\n entityId\n name\n }\n ... on Author {\n entityId\n name\n disableFollow\n }\n ... on Topic {\n entityId\n name\n disableFollow\n }\n}\n\nfragment entityLink on BaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias {\n __isBaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias: __typename\n __typename\n entityId\n entityUuid\n urlAlias\n urlRedirect {\n toUrl\n id\n }\n application {\n entityId\n id\n }\n ... on Section {\n fullSectionPath {\n entityId\n id\n }\n parentSection\n }\n ...helpersAppBarVariantBase\n ...helpersApplicationBase\n ...helpersCheckIsPlusArticle\n ...helpersStyleSectionContent\n}\n\nfragment factSheetLinkPlusGenericArticleContent on Article {\n entityId\n factSheets {\n url\n name\n }\n ...helpersGetArticleTypeArticle\n}\n\nfragment followButtonBase on BaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias {\n __isBaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias: __typename\n ...entityFollowButtonBase\n entityId\n}\n\nfragment genericArticleContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n entityId\n flag\n sections {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n ...articleBaseAdvertisingInfoArticle\n ...contentNewsletterWidgetContent\n ...globalCheckerContent\n ...helpersGetArticleTypeArticle\n ...hooksContentHelperContent\n ...shareArticle20Content\n}\n\nfragment genericArticleSpeechInlineWidgetGenericArticle on Article {\n entityId\n ...buttonArticleSpeechInlineWidgetGenericButtonArticle\n ...hooksShowGenericInlineWidgetByArticleArticle\n ...toolTipArticleSpeechWidgetToolTipArticle\n}\n\nfragment genericPostiesArticleContent_3o8td4 on Article {\n sections {\n value {\n name\n urlAlias\n id\n }\n }\n authors {\n name\n id\n }\n publishedDate\n additionalInfoBoxes {\n ...articleAdditionalInfoBoxArticle\n }\n ...genericPostiesArticleVocabBoxArticle\n ...blockquoteQuoteGenericPostiesArticleContent\n ...articleBaseAdvertisingInfoArticle\n ...contentBodyContent_3o8td4\n}\n\nfragment genericPostiesArticleVocabBoxArticle on Article {\n glossary {\n term\n translation\n description {\n json\n }\n }\n ...contentSchemaRenderContent\n}\n\nfragment globalCheckerContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...articlePaywallCheckerContent\n}\n\nfragment headerContentBookmarkArticle on Article {\n entityId\n}\n\nfragment headerContentCommentTrigger on Article {\n ...articleCommentsTriggerArticle\n}\n\nfragment headerMorningStudioArticle on Article {\n ...articleSponsorContent\n ...subheaderMorningStudioSubheaderContent\n headline\n coverDesktop: image(filter: {type: COVER}) {\n url\n }\n coverMobile: image(filter: {type: COVER_MOBILE}) {\n url\n }\n}\n\nfragment headerNewsletterArticleArticle on Article {\n headline\n ...issuesNewsletterArticleArticle\n ...breadcrumbNewsletterArticleArticle\n ...widgetNewsletterArticleArticle\n}\n\nfragment helpersAppBarVariantBase on BaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias {\n __isBaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias: __typename\n ...helpersCheckIsLiveArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsPlusPage\n ...helpersCheckIsPostiesArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsPostiesPage\n ...helpersCheckIsPostMagazineArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsStyleArticle\n ...helpersSectionContent\n ...helpersStyleSectionContent\n}\n\nfragment helpersApplicationBase on BaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias {\n __isBaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias: __typename\n ...helpersCheckIsPostiesArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsPostiesPage\n ...helpersCheckIsPlusPage\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckArticleIsInSectionsArticle on Article {\n sections {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckArticleRenderTypeArticle on Article {\n ...helpersCheckCanShowInPlusPlatformArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsPlusArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsPostiesArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsPostMagazineArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsStyleArticle\n ...helpersGetArticleTypeArticle\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckCanShowInPlusPlatformArticle on Article {\n ...helpersCheckArticleIsInSectionsArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsPlusArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsStyleArticle\n ...helpersGetArticleTypeArticle\n ...helpersUseContentSponsorContent\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckHasLiveTagArticle on Article {\n flattenTypeIds\n liveArticle {\n status\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckIfNewsSectionInFirstIndexSection on Section {\n name\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckIsLiveArticle on Article {\n flattenTypeIds\n liveArticle {\n status\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckIsMainTopicContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n topics {\n entityId\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckIsPlusArticle on Article {\n paywallTypes {\n entityUuid\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckIsPlusPage on Page {\n urlAlias\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckIsPostMagazineArticle on Article {\n sections {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckIsPostiesArticle on Article {\n sections {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckIsPostiesPage on Page {\n urlAlias\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckIsStyleArticle on Article {\n sections {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersGetArticleTypeArticle on Article {\n types {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersIsArchiveWallArticle on Article {\n ...helpersIsVelocityWallArticle\n createdDate\n publishedDate\n paywallTypes {\n entityId\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersIsArticleVideoAsHeroArticle on Article {\n multimediaEmbed {\n json\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersIsVelocityWallArticle on Article {\n paywallTypes {\n entityId\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersMassageToNewsletterItemNewsletter on Newsletter {\n entityId\n name\n alternativeName\n description {\n text\n }\n summary {\n text\n }\n homepageDescription {\n text\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersSanitizeArticleTypeEntityIdsArticle on Article {\n types {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersSanitizeAuthorTypesArticle on Article {\n authors {\n types\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersSanitizedAuthorEntityIdsArticle on Article {\n authors {\n entityId\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersSectionContent on Section {\n fullSectionPath {\n entityId\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersStyleSectionContent on Section {\n fullSectionPath {\n entityId\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersUseContentSponsorContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n topics {\n entityId\n sponsor {\n ...sponsorTagSponsor\n name\n type\n id\n }\n id\n }\n ... on Article {\n sponsorType\n }\n ...helpersCheckIsMainTopicContent\n}\n\nfragment helpersUseSharingUrl on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n urlAlias\n}\n\nfragment hooksArticleAcknowledgementGateOverlayArticle on Article {\n entityId\n}\n\nfragment hooksArticleDateUtilsContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n createdDate\n publishedDate\n updatedDate\n}\n\nfragment hooksArticleReactionUtilsArticle on Article {\n sections {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n topics {\n entityId\n id\n }\n entityId\n sponsorType\n}\n\nfragment hooksArticleSeoArticle on Article {\n ...helpersCheckIsPostiesArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsPostMagazineArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsPlusArticle\n ...hooksContentHeadlineTagContent\n entityId\n headline\n socialHeadline\n types {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n authors {\n entityId\n id\n }\n topics {\n sponsor {\n entityId\n id\n }\n id\n }\n sections {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n images {\n generic_og: style(filter: {style: \"og_image_scmp_generic\"}) {\n url\n }\n styles(filter: {styles: [\"og_image_posties_article\", \"og_postmag\", \"og_image_scmp_analysis\", \"og_image_scmp_explainer\", \"og_image_scmp_editorial\", \"og_image_scmp_fact_check\", \"og_image_scmp_debate\", \"og_image_scmp_live\", \"og_image_scmp_obituary\", \"og_image_scmp_opinion\", \"og_image_scmp_review\", \"og_image_scmp_series\", \"og_image_scmp_generic\"]}) {\n url\n style\n }\n type\n }\n disableOffPlatformContent\n published\n sponsorType\n urlAlias\n}\n\nfragment hooksContentHeadlineTagContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ... on Article {\n types {\n value {\n name\n entityId\n description {\n text\n }\n id\n }\n }\n ...helpersCheckIsStyleArticle\n }\n flag\n sections {\n value {\n name\n id\n }\n }\n ...hooksContentHelperContent\n}\n\nfragment hooksContentHelperContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...helpersSanitizeArticleTypeEntityIdsArticle\n ...helpersSanitizeAuthorTypesArticle\n ...helpersSanitizedAuthorEntityIdsArticle\n flag\n}\n\nfragment hooksContentInterestArticle on Article {\n entityId\n sentiment\n urlAlias\n types {\n value {\n name\n id\n }\n }\n topics {\n name\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment hooksContentItemProvidersContent_2aLOLQ on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...contentCoverImageContent_3ndUvy\n ...contentHeadlineContent\n ...contentSponsorTagContent\n ... on Video {\n __typename\n }\n}\n\nfragment 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Her areas of focus are trade, macroeconomics and EU-China relations.","socialLinks":[{"class":"email","title":"","url":"mailto:miyasha.nulimaimaiti@scmp.com"},{"class":"twitter","title":"","url":"https://twitter.com/miyessarMIA"}],"role":{"text":"Reporter, Political Economy\n"},"areaOfExpertise":["China Economy, US-China relations, EU-China relations \r\n"]}],"headline":"China races to stockpile US chips before Trump ramps up sanctions","socialHeadline":"China races to stockpile US chips before Trump ramps up sanctions","images":[{"generic_og":{"url":"https://cdn.i-scmp.com/sites/default/files/styles/og_image_scmp_generic/public/d8/images/canvas/2024/11/21/66dc1d2c-8f14-4d46-bb03-9a5cd0805141_4d407342.jpg?itok=eVjrQ7yo\u0026v=1732184736"},"styles":[{"url":"https://cdn.i-scmp.com/sites/default/files/styles/og_image_posties_article/public/d8/images/canvas/2024/11/21/66dc1d2c-8f14-4d46-bb03-9a5cd0805141_4d407342.jpg?itok=BOTPGsvb\u0026v=1732184736","style":"og_image_posties_article"},{"url":"https://cdn.i-scmp.com/sites/default/files/styles/og_postmag/public/d8/images/canvas/2024/11/21/66dc1d2c-8f14-4d46-bb03-9a5cd0805141_4d407342.jpg?itok=3sLaMYQE\u0026v=1732184736","style":"og_postmag"},{"url":"https://cdn.i-scmp.com/sites/default/files/styles/og_image_scmp_analysis/public/d8/images/canvas/2024/11/21/66dc1d2c-8f14-4d46-bb03-9a5cd0805141_4d407342.jpg?itok=IDnBYrSt\u0026v=1732184736","style":"og_image_scmp_analysis"},{"url":"https://cdn.i-scmp.com/sites/default/files/styles/og_image_scmp_explainer/public/d8/images/canvas/2024/11/21/66dc1d2c-8f14-4d46-bb03-9a5cd0805141_4d407342.jpg?itok=N27-jp0M\u0026v=1732184736","style":"og_image_scmp_explainer"},{"url":"https://cdn.i-scmp.com/sites/default/files/styles/og_image_scmp_editorial/public/d8/images/canvas/2024/11/21/66dc1d2c-8f14-4d46-bb03-9a5cd0805141_4d407342.jpg?itok=lG8Lq6oP\u0026v=1732184736","style":"og_image_scmp_editorial"},{"url":"https://cdn.i-scmp.com/sites/default/files/styles/og_image_scmp_fact_check/public/d8/images/canvas/2024/11/21/66dc1d2c-8f14-4d46-bb03-9a5cd0805141_4d407342.jpg?itok=fLPA0Rne\u0026v=1732184736","style":"og_image_scmp_fact_check"},{"url":"https://cdn.i-scmp.com/sites/default/files/styles/og_image_scmp_debate/public/d8/images/canvas/2024/11/21/66dc1d2c-8f14-4d46-bb03-9a5cd0805141_4d407342.jpg?itok=ozny5vob\u0026v=1732184736","style":"og_image_scmp_debate"},{"url":"https://cdn.i-scmp.com/sites/default/files/styles/og_image_scmp_live/public/d8/images/canvas/2024/11/21/66dc1d2c-8f14-4d46-bb03-9a5cd0805141_4d407342.jpg?itok=JOaOUkT_\u0026v=1732184736","style":"og_image_scmp_live"},{"url":"https://cdn.i-scmp.com/sites/default/files/styles/og_image_scmp_obituary/public/d8/images/canvas/2024/11/21/66dc1d2c-8f14-4d46-bb03-9a5cd0805141_4d407342.jpg?itok=mx34tSjg\u0026v=1732184736","style":"og_image_scmp_obituary"},{"url":"https://cdn.i-scmp.com/sites/default/files/styles/og_image_scmp_opinion/public/d8/images/canvas/2024/11/21/66dc1d2c-8f14-4d46-bb03-9a5cd0805141_4d407342.jpg?itok=gm62Fnln\u0026v=1732184736","style":"og_image_scmp_opinion"},{"url":"https://cdn.i-scmp.com/sites/default/files/styles/og_image_scmp_review/public/d8/images/canvas/2024/11/21/66dc1d2c-8f14-4d46-bb03-9a5cd0805141_4d407342.jpg?itok=m6LPvkOs\u0026v=1732184736","style":"og_image_scmp_review"},{"url":"https://cdn.i-scmp.com/sites/default/files/styles/og_image_scmp_series/public/d8/images/canvas/2024/11/21/66dc1d2c-8f14-4d46-bb03-9a5cd0805141_4d407342.jpg?itok=iYIEgcPT\u0026v=1732184736","style":"og_image_scmp_series"},{"url":"https://cdn.i-scmp.com/sites/default/files/styles/og_image_scmp_generic/public/d8/images/canvas/2024/11/21/66dc1d2c-8f14-4d46-bb03-9a5cd0805141_4d407342.jpg?itok=eVjrQ7yo\u0026v=1732184736","style":"og_image_scmp_generic"}],"type":"default","style":{"url":"https://cdn.i-scmp.com/sites/default/files/styles/768x768/public/d8/images/canvas/2024/11/21/66dc1d2c-8f14-4d46-bb03-9a5cd0805141_4d407342.jpg?itok=8b35tXHl\u0026v=1732184736"},"title":"A central processing unit (CPU) semiconductor chip. 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Since June, China’s monthly chip purchases from the world’s largest economy have consistently surpassed US$1 billion.\n“China has been increasing the imports of chips and chipmaking machinery in anticipation of the potentially heightened US chip sanctions,” said Liang Yan, a professor of economics at Willamette University in the US state of Oregon.\nOf the nine categories of microchip imported from the US, China has been focusing primarily on buying up CPU-based processors and controllers, as well as chips designed for storage and signal amplification.\nWithout China’s demand, it is difficult for chip production to be profitable and sustainable\nLiang Yan, Willamette University\nChina continues to face challenges in developing more advanced chips. According to a Bloomberg report published on Tuesday, tech giant Huawei Technologies is still relying on the 7-nanometre architecture for its next two Ascend processors, as US technology restrictions prevent the company from accessing more advanced lithography machines.\nThis year, President Xi Jinping has emphasised the need for China to develop “new productive forces” – calling for technological breakthroughs in strategic emerging industries such as artificial intelligence (AI), which can help the country promote economic growth, upgrade its industrial chain, and shield itself from global economic and geopolitical pressures.\nHowever, Trump’s recent election victory has heightened anxiety among Chinese tech companies, as the incoming president aggressively targeted Chinese firms with sanctions during his first term in office.\n“Trump no doubt will impose tech restrictions, but it is unclear at this point whether it will be a more selective and targeted approach or more broad-based sanctions,” Liang said.\n“What is certain about Trump is that he will deny China access to cutting-edge chips and chipmaking machinery, but there is uncertainty about the mature chips,” she added.\nAccording to Liang, Trump has pledged to convince chip manufacturers such as Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (TSMC) to move production to the US. But if US chip production were to expand, he would face pressure to ensure that chip demand remained high.\n\n\nThat in turn could complicate Trump’s efforts to strengthen sanctions on China, given that the country accounted for about one-third of global semiconductor demand, Liang said.\n“Without China’s demand, it is difficult for chip production to be profitable and sustainable,” she said. “Trump will have to weigh these two factors, and it is hard to predict at this point which way he would go.”\nIn June, Trump declared, “We must confront China, which is the main threat to [the US AI industry],” during an interview with the American social media personality Logan Paul on the Impaulsive podcast. “We have to be at the forefront [of AI],” he added.\nThe Biden administration has also made significant efforts to restrict China’s access to cutting-edge semiconductor technologies. In October 2022, it introduced a sweeping ban on exports of chips used for AI models and dual-use technologies to China.\nThe scope of that ban was expanded in October 2023 and again in September this year to encompass additional semiconductors, including high-performance gaming chips and lower-tier data centre chips.\nComputing power and AI, driven by advanced chips, have become a crucial battleground for competition between the two superpowers, with both striving to dominate the production of chips with a node size of less than 10nm.\n","json":[{"type":"track-viewed-percentage","attribs":{"percentage":"0"}},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"China is accelerating its efforts to stockpile microchips from the United States, as it looks to hedge against a potential "},{"type":"a","attribs":{"href":"https://www.scmp.com/tech/tech-war/article/3285998/chip-war-chinas-semiconductor-industry-braces-another-four-years-under-trump","title":"","target":"_self","data-entity-uuid":"220b9abf-b2f1-4313-8eae-ad6f0f22fdea","data-entity-type":"node","data-entity-bundle":"article"},"children":[{"type":"text","data":"wave of sanctions"}]},{"type":"text","data":" from the incoming administration of president-elect Donald Trump."}]},{"type":"inline-ad-slot","attribs":{"tag":"0"}},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"Beijing’s appetite for US semiconductors has surged in recent months, with purchases reaching US$1.11 billion in October – a 60 per cent increase compared with the same period last year, according to customs data released on Wednesday."}]},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"Over the first 10 months of the year, China imported US$9.61 billion of microchips from the US, up 42.5 per cent year on year. Since June, China’s monthly chip purchases from the world’s largest economy have consistently surpassed US$1 billion."}]},{"type":"track-viewed-percentage","attribs":{"percentage":"20"}},{"type":"inline-ad-slot","attribs":{"tag":"1"}},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"“China has been increasing the imports of chips and chipmaking machinery in anticipation of the potentially heightened US chip sanctions,” said Liang Yan, a professor of economics at Willamette University in the US state of Oregon."}]},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"Of the nine categories of "},{"type":"a","attribs":{"href":"https://www.scmp.com/tech/tech-war/article/3273606/tech-war-chinas-chip-imports-surge-firms-stockpile-ahead-fresh-us-restrictions","title":"","target":"_self","data-entity-uuid":"91c99ea6-39c6-458c-b26d-7a01ff33e0fb","data-entity-type":"node","data-entity-bundle":"article"},"children":[{"type":"text","data":"microchip imported from the US"}]},{"type":"text","data":", China has been focusing primarily on buying up CPU-based processors and controllers, as well as chips designed for storage and signal amplification."}]},{"type":"blockquote-quote","attribs":{"class":"blockquote"},"children":[{"type":"text","data":"Without China’s demand, it is difficult for chip production to be profitable and sustainable"},{"type":"text","data":"Liang Yan, Willamette University"}]},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"China continues to face challenges in developing more advanced chips. According to a Bloomberg report published on Tuesday, tech giant Huawei Technologies is still relying on the 7-nanometre architecture for its next two Ascend processors, as "},{"type":"a","attribs":{"href":"https://www.scmp.com/tech/tech-war/article/3286204/chinas-tech-firms-fear-bigger-curbs-tsmc-stops-ai-chip-supply-us-order","title":"","target":"_self","data-entity-uuid":"c30ca462-3b3b-4bbd-8ef4-7bca878f4566","data-entity-type":"node","data-entity-bundle":"article"},"children":[{"type":"text","data":"US technology restrictions"}]},{"type":"text","data":" prevent the company from accessing more advanced lithography machines."}]},{"type":"inline-ad-slot","attribs":{"tag":"2"}},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"This year, President Xi Jinping has emphasised the need for China to develop “new productive forces” – calling for technological breakthroughs in strategic emerging industries such as artificial intelligence (AI), which can help the country promote economic growth, upgrade its industrial chain, and shield itself from global economic and geopolitical pressures."}]},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"However, Trump’s recent election victory has heightened anxiety among Chinese tech companies, as the incoming president aggressively targeted Chinese firms with sanctions during his first term in office."}]},{"type":"track-viewed-percentage","attribs":{"percentage":"50"}},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"“Trump no doubt will impose tech restrictions, but it is unclear at this point whether it will be a more selective and targeted approach or more broad-based sanctions,” Liang said."}]},{"type":"inline-ad-slot","attribs":{"tag":"3"}},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"“What is certain about Trump is that he will deny China access to cutting-edge chips and chipmaking machinery, but there is uncertainty about the mature chips,” she added."}]},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"According to Liang, Trump has pledged to convince chip manufacturers such as Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (TSMC) to "},{"type":"a","attribs":{"href":"https://www.scmp.com/tech/policy/article/3285673/taiwans-chipmaker-tsmc-says-us-investment-plan-unchanged-after-trumps-election","title":"","target":"_self","data-entity-uuid":"22cbb677-3c5d-47f0-a47c-dd63e2677f97","data-entity-type":"node","data-entity-bundle":"article"},"children":[{"type":"text","data":"move production to the US"}]},{"type":"text","data":". But if US chip production were to expand, he would face pressure to ensure that chip demand remained high."}]},{"type":"div","attribs":{"class":"methode-html-wrapper oembed-wrapper"},"children":[{"type":"text","data":"\n"},{"subtype":"youtube","type":"iframe","attribs":{"allowfullscreen":"true","allowscriptaccess":"always","allow":"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture","class":"c1","frameborder":"0","width":"560","height":"315","scrolling":"no","src":"https://www.youtube.com/embed/6V6JskcyJyE?wmode=transparent\u0026jqoemcache=UdCOW\u0026enablejsapi=1\u0026playsinline=1","title":"Trump is back: what’s next for China, Asia and the world? | Talking Post with Yonden Lhatoo","data-poster-sm":"https://cdn.i-scmp.com/sites/default/files/styles/768x768/public/d8/video/thumbnail/2024/11/14/TRUMP-TP-clean.jpg?itok=Atnir-6P","data-poster-lg":"https://cdn.i-scmp.com/sites/default/files/styles/wide_landscape/public/d8/video/thumbnail/2024/11/14/TRUMP-TP-clean.jpg?itok=KfAU1jGt","data-poster":"https://cdn.i-scmp.com/sites/default/files/d8/video/thumbnail/2024/11/14/TRUMP-TP-clean.jpg","data-duration":"40:43","data-video-source":"SCMP","data-nid":"3286564","data-youtube-id":"6V6JskcyJyE"},"children":[]}]},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"That in turn could complicate Trump’s efforts to strengthen sanctions on China, given that the country accounted for about one-third of global semiconductor demand, Liang said."}]},{"type":"inline-ad-slot","attribs":{"tag":"4"}},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"“Without China’s demand, it is difficult for chip production to be profitable and sustainable,” she said. “Trump will have to weigh these two factors, and it is hard to predict at this point which way he would go.”"}]},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"In June, Trump declared, “We must confront China, which is the main threat to [the US AI industry],” during an interview with the American social media personality Logan Paul on the Impaulsive podcast. “We have to be at the forefront [of AI],” he added."}]},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"The Biden administration has also "},{"type":"a","attribs":{"href":"https://www.scmp.com/news/china/diplomacy/article/3238693/new-us-curbs-chip-exports-china-set-escalate-battle-tech-supremacy","title":"","target":"_self","data-entity-uuid":"2859d10d-157f-481b-989c-62cddccc3d7d","data-entity-type":"node","data-entity-bundle":"article"},"children":[{"type":"text","data":"made significant efforts"}]},{"type":"text","data":" to restrict China’s access to cutting-edge semiconductor technologies. In October 2022, it introduced a sweeping ban on exports of chips used for AI models and dual-use technologies to China."}]},{"type":"inline-ad-slot","attribs":{"tag":"5"}},{"type":"track-viewed-percentage","attribs":{"percentage":"90"}},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"The scope of that ban was expanded in October 2023 and again in September this year to encompass additional semiconductors, including high-performance gaming chips and lower-tier data centre chips."}]},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"Computing power and AI, driven by advanced chips, have become a crucial battleground for competition between the two superpowers, with both striving to dominate the "},{"type":"a","attribs":{"href":"https://www.scmp.com/tech/policy/article/3279653/chinas-chip-making-sees-steady-progress-new-tools-nothing-rival-asml","title":"","target":"_self","data-entity-uuid":"02a71c56-2b04-415f-8ba4-7de6043b2f2a","data-entity-type":"node","data-entity-bundle":"article"},"children":[{"type":"text","data":"production of chips"}]},{"type":"text","data":" with a node size of less than 10nm."}]},{"type":"inline-ad-slot","attribs":{"tag":"7"}},{"type":"track-viewed-percentage","attribs":{"percentage":"100"}}]},"keywords":["China trade, China economy, US-China trade war, races, stockpile, US chips, Trump, ramps up, sanctions, AI, semiconductor demand, US semiconductor sales, Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company, Huawei Technologies, US, chip-making machinery, Xi Jinping, integrated circuits, chip sanctions, Biden administration, technology controls, Donald Trump, china"],"shortUrl":"https://sc.mp/z96tz","commentCount":1,"copyrighted":true,"sponsor":null,"relatedNewsletters":[],"createdDate":1732184735000,"authorLocations":["London"],"corrections":[],"displaySlideShow":true,"multimediaEmbed":{"json":[]},"printHeadline":null,"readingTime":3,"seriesContainer":null,"firstTopic":{"__isBaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias":"Topic","__typename":"Topic","entityId":"506003","entityUuid":"3e40da58-6dca-4b2e-8f64-d8244a03114d","urlAlias":"/topics/china-trade","urlRedirect":null,"application":null,"name":"China trade","disableFollow":false,"contents":{"edges":[{"node":{"__typename":"Article","entityId":"3288061","__isContent":"Article","urlAlias":"/economy/global-economy/article/3288061/amid-talk-more-us-china-decoupling-second-supply-chain-expo-offers-trade-opportunities","sponsorType":null,"__isBaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias":"Article","entityUuid":"535cb148-fd63-4d33-b404-6355efefd9ad","urlRedirect":null,"application":{"entityId":"325477","id":"QXBwbGljYXRpb246MjY5NWIyYzktOTZlZi00ZmU0LTk2ZjgtYmEyMGQwYTAyMGIz"},"flattenTypeIds":[],"liveArticle":null,"sections":[{"value":[{"entityId":"328461","id":"U2VjdGlvbjo0YWE4ODQzZi0xNmUyLTQ3MDUtOTlkNi1iNTNmMjJmNmY3NWE=","name":"Economy"},{"entityId":"12","id":"U2VjdGlvbjo2ZmIyN2RmNS0wOTM5LTQ0OWYtODc2Ni1lYWYxMzJkOWU2MWU=","name":"Global Economy"}]},{"value":[{"entityId":"328461","id":"U2VjdGlvbjo0YWE4ODQzZi0xNmUyLTQ3MDUtOTlkNi1iNTNmMjJmNmY3NWE=","name":"Economy"},{"entityId":"318421","id":"U2VjdGlvbjoxYTNmZmZlNi0xYjU5LTQ0NmEtYTgwNi05ZWNhNzhmMTczZTg=","name":"China Economy"}]},{"value":[{"entityId":"507449","id":"U2VjdGlvbjplNDkwYjI2ZC0wNDUxLTQ2ZmQtOTA1YS01ZmJiNDVjMDU5MGE=","name":"Knowledge"},{"entityId":"507589","id":"U2VjdGlvbjphNjVkYmIyNy0wMDY5LTQ2ZGMtYjdlMi00NTdkYzFmYTM3MjI=","name":"China Macro Economy"},{"entityId":"507591","id":"U2VjdGlvbjowNTMxODZiOS1lNDZkLTQ1NzgtYTM2MC0yNjRjMjg3MWRmN2Q=","name":"Trade Policy"}]},{"value":[{"entityId":"507449","id":"U2VjdGlvbjplNDkwYjI2ZC0wNDUxLTQ2ZmQtOTA1YS01ZmJiNDVjMDU5MGE=","name":"Knowledge"},{"entityId":"508190","id":"U2VjdGlvbjpkZGYyNmJhOS0yMDVjLTRmOGItYWIyYy0zODhkOTJmYmY4MGE=","name":"Topics"},{"entityId":"508218","id":"U2VjdGlvbjo5ZTQyNGMyOS1iYWFjLTQ4NzEtYjdmNC0wNzU0NTdjMDlmOTE=","name":"China Economy"}]},{"value":[{"entityId":"91","id":"U2VjdGlvbjo4NmUxYzUxOS05NDhlLTQ0NjAtYWRjMy0xZGZhZmVmYTYwZGE=","name":"News"},{"entityId":"4","id":"U2VjdGlvbjowODkyNWNmZS0wMWNlLTQ5MzItYjllMi1iZTViMjU1ZWZlNjM=","name":"China"}]}],"paywallTypes":[],"images":[{"url":"https://cdn.i-scmp.com/sites/default/files/d8/images/canvas/2024/11/25/2ff032a7-3af8-4ac0-bf79-a7e2b4438cfe_741d74a2.jpg","title":"Interest in the agriculture supply chain helped drive traffic at last year’s inaugural China International Supply Chain Expo (pictured). 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Since June, China’s monthly chip purchases from the world’s largest economy have consistently surpassed US$1 billion.\n“China has been increasing the imports of chips and chipmaking machinery in anticipation of the potentially heightened US chip sanctions,” said Liang Yan, a professor of economics at Willamette University in the US state of Oregon.\nOf the nine categories of microchip imported from the US, China has been focusing primarily on buying up CPU-based processors and controllers, as well as chips designed for storage and signal amplification.\nWithout China’s demand, it is difficult for chip production to be profitable and sustainable\nLiang Yan, Willamette University\nChina continues to face challenges in developing more advanced chips. According to a Bloomberg report published on Tuesday, tech giant Huawei Technologies is still relying on the 7-nanometre architecture for its next two Ascend processors, as US technology restrictions prevent the company from accessing more advanced lithography machines.\nThis year, President Xi Jinping has emphasised the need for China to develop “new productive forces” – calling for technological breakthroughs in strategic emerging industries such as artificial intelligence (AI), which can help the country promote economic growth, upgrade its industrial chain, and shield itself from global economic and geopolitical pressures.\nHowever, Trump’s recent election victory has heightened anxiety among Chinese tech companies, as the incoming president aggressively targeted Chinese firms with sanctions during his first term in office.\n“Trump no doubt will impose tech restrictions, but it is unclear at this point whether it will be a more selective and targeted approach or more broad-based sanctions,” Liang said.\n“What is certain about Trump is that he will deny China access to cutting-edge chips and chipmaking machinery, but there is uncertainty about the mature chips,” she added.\nAccording to Liang, Trump has pledged to convince chip manufacturers such as Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (TSMC) to move production to the US. But if US chip production were to expand, he would face pressure to ensure that chip demand remained high.\n\n\nThat in turn could complicate Trump’s efforts to strengthen sanctions on China, given that the country accounted for about one-third of global semiconductor demand, Liang said.\n“Without China’s demand, it is difficult for chip production to be profitable and sustainable,” she said. “Trump will have to weigh these two factors, and it is hard to predict at this point which way he would go.”\nIn June, Trump declared, “We must confront China, which is the main threat to [the US AI industry],” during an interview with the American social media personality Logan Paul on the Impaulsive podcast. “We have to be at the forefront [of AI],” he added.\nThe Biden administration has also made significant efforts to restrict China’s access to cutting-edge semiconductor technologies. In October 2022, it introduced a sweeping ban on exports of chips used for AI models and dual-use technologies to China.\nThe scope of that ban was expanded in October 2023 and again in September this year to encompass additional semiconductors, including high-performance gaming chips and lower-tier data centre chips.\nComputing power and AI, driven by advanced chips, have become a crucial battleground for competition between the two superpowers, with both striving to dominate the production of chips with a node size of less than 10nm.\n","json":[{"type":"track-viewed-percentage","attribs":{"percentage":"0"}},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"China is accelerating its efforts to stockpile microchips from the United States, as it looks to hedge against a potential "},{"type":"a","attribs":{"href":"https://www.scmp.com/tech/tech-war/article/3285998/chip-war-chinas-semiconductor-industry-braces-another-four-years-under-trump","title":"","target":"_self","data-entity-uuid":"220b9abf-b2f1-4313-8eae-ad6f0f22fdea","data-entity-type":"node","data-entity-bundle":"article"},"children":[{"type":"text","data":"wave of sanctions"}]},{"type":"text","data":" from the incoming administration of president-elect Donald Trump."}]},{"type":"inline-ad-slot","attribs":{"tag":"0"}},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"Beijing’s appetite for US semiconductors has surged in recent months, with purchases reaching US$1.11 billion in October – a 60 per cent increase compared with the same period last year, according to customs data released on Wednesday."}]},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"Over the first 10 months of the year, China imported US$9.61 billion of microchips from the US, up 42.5 per cent year on year. Since June, China’s monthly chip purchases from the world’s largest economy have consistently surpassed US$1 billion."}]},{"type":"track-viewed-percentage","attribs":{"percentage":"20"}},{"type":"inline-ad-slot","attribs":{"tag":"1"}},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"“China has been increasing the imports of chips and chipmaking machinery in anticipation of the potentially heightened US chip sanctions,” said Liang Yan, a professor of economics at Willamette University in the US state of Oregon."}]},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"Of the nine categories of "},{"type":"a","attribs":{"href":"https://www.scmp.com/tech/tech-war/article/3273606/tech-war-chinas-chip-imports-surge-firms-stockpile-ahead-fresh-us-restrictions","title":"","target":"_self","data-entity-uuid":"91c99ea6-39c6-458c-b26d-7a01ff33e0fb","data-entity-type":"node","data-entity-bundle":"article"},"children":[{"type":"text","data":"microchip imported from the US"}]},{"type":"text","data":", China has been focusing primarily on buying up CPU-based processors and controllers, as well as chips designed for storage and signal amplification."}]},{"type":"blockquote-quote","attribs":{"class":"blockquote"},"children":[{"type":"text","data":"Without China’s demand, it is difficult for chip production to be profitable and sustainable"},{"type":"text","data":"Liang Yan, Willamette University"}]},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"China continues to face challenges in developing more advanced chips. According to a Bloomberg report published on Tuesday, tech giant Huawei Technologies is still relying on the 7-nanometre architecture for its next two Ascend processors, as "},{"type":"a","attribs":{"href":"https://www.scmp.com/tech/tech-war/article/3286204/chinas-tech-firms-fear-bigger-curbs-tsmc-stops-ai-chip-supply-us-order","title":"","target":"_self","data-entity-uuid":"c30ca462-3b3b-4bbd-8ef4-7bca878f4566","data-entity-type":"node","data-entity-bundle":"article"},"children":[{"type":"text","data":"US technology restrictions"}]},{"type":"text","data":" prevent the company from accessing more advanced lithography machines."}]},{"type":"inline-ad-slot","attribs":{"tag":"2"}},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"This year, President Xi Jinping has emphasised the need for China to develop “new productive forces” – calling for technological breakthroughs in strategic emerging industries such as artificial intelligence (AI), which can help the country promote economic growth, upgrade its industrial chain, and shield itself from global economic and geopolitical pressures."}]},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"However, Trump’s recent election victory has heightened anxiety among Chinese tech companies, as the incoming president aggressively targeted Chinese firms with sanctions during his first term in office."}]},{"type":"track-viewed-percentage","attribs":{"percentage":"50"}},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"“Trump no doubt will impose tech restrictions, but it is unclear at this point whether it will be a more selective and targeted approach or more broad-based sanctions,” Liang said."}]},{"type":"inline-ad-slot","attribs":{"tag":"3"}},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"“What is certain about Trump is that he will deny China access to cutting-edge chips and chipmaking machinery, but there is uncertainty about the mature chips,” she added."}]},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"According to Liang, Trump has pledged to convince chip manufacturers such as Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (TSMC) to "},{"type":"a","attribs":{"href":"https://www.scmp.com/tech/policy/article/3285673/taiwans-chipmaker-tsmc-says-us-investment-plan-unchanged-after-trumps-election","title":"","target":"_self","data-entity-uuid":"22cbb677-3c5d-47f0-a47c-dd63e2677f97","data-entity-type":"node","data-entity-bundle":"article"},"children":[{"type":"text","data":"move production to the US"}]},{"type":"text","data":". 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