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class="vector-toc-link" href="#Abolition_of_Provinces_Act_1875"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Abolition of Provinces Act 1875</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Abolition_of_Provinces_Act_1875-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Replacement" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Replacement"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Replacement</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Replacement-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Modern_uses_of_the_old_names" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modern_uses_of_the_old_names"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Modern uses of the old names</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Modern_uses_of_the_old_names-sublist" 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href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Provincias_de_Nueva_Zelanda" title="Provincias de Nueva Zelanda – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Provincias de Nueva Zelanda" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Provinces_de_Nouvelle-Z%C3%A9lande" title="Provinces de Nouvelle-Zélande – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Provinces de Nouvelle-Zélande" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Provincias_de_Nova_Zelandia" title="Provincias de Nova Zelandia – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Provincias de Nova Zelandia" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" 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searchaux" style="display:none">Divisions of the Crown colony in the Pacific Ocean</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent" style="float: right; width: ;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above summary" style="font-size: 125%; background-color: #F0F0F0; vertical-align: middle">Provinces</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-weight: bold;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span style="font-weight: normal;">Also known as:</span></li><li>Provincial Districts</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:New_Zealand_in_1858.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/New_Zealand_in_1858.svg/210px-New_Zealand_in_1858.svg.png" decoding="async" width="210" height="257" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/New_Zealand_in_1858.svg/315px-New_Zealand_in_1858.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/New_Zealand_in_1858.svg/420px-New_Zealand_in_1858.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="491" data-file-height="600" /></a></span><br />Provinces in 1858</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Category</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">Provinces</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Location</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Colony_of_New_Zealand" title="Colony of New Zealand">Colony of New Zealand</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Created</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>1846</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Abolished</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>1 November 1876</li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>provinces</b> of the <a href="/wiki/Colony_of_New_Zealand" title="Colony of New Zealand">Colony of New Zealand</a> existed as a form of <a href="/wiki/Administrative_division" title="Administrative division">sub-national government</a>. Initially established in 1846 when New Zealand was a <a href="/wiki/Crown_colony" title="Crown colony">Crown colony</a> without <a href="/wiki/Responsible_government" title="Responsible government">responsible government</a>, two provinces (<a href="/wiki/New_Ulster" class="mw-redirect" title="New Ulster">New Ulster</a> and <a href="/wiki/New_Munster_Province" title="New Munster Province">New Munster</a>) were first created. Each province had its own <a href="/wiki/Legislative_council" title="Legislative council">legislative council</a> and governor. With the passing of the <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Constitution_Act_1852" title="New Zealand Constitution Act 1852">New Zealand Constitution Act 1852</a> the provinces were recreated around the six planned settlements or "colonies".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrett201641_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrett201641-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 1873 the number of provinces had increased to nine, but they had become less isolated from each other and demands for centralised government arose. In 1875 the <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Parliament" title="New Zealand Parliament">New Zealand Parliament</a> decided to abolish the provincial governments, and they came to an end in November 1876. They were superseded by <a href="/wiki/Counties_of_New_Zealand" title="Counties of New Zealand">counties</a>, which were later replaced by <a href="/wiki/Territorial_authorities" class="mw-redirect" title="Territorial authorities">territorial authorities</a>. </p><p>Following abolition, the provinces became known as <b>provincial districts</b>. Their principal legacy is the use of some provincial boundaries to determine the geographical boundaries for anniversary day <a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_New_Zealand" title="Public holidays in New Zealand">public holidays</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Crown_Colony:_1841–1853"><span id="Crown_Colony:_1841.E2.80.931853"></span>Crown Colony: 1841–1853</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Provinces_of_New_Zealand&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Crown Colony: 1841–1853"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:(1842)_MAP_OF_THE_COLONY_NEW_ZEALAND.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/%281842%29_MAP_OF_THE_COLONY_NEW_ZEALAND.jpg/220px-%281842%29_MAP_OF_THE_COLONY_NEW_ZEALAND.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="282" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/%281842%29_MAP_OF_THE_COLONY_NEW_ZEALAND.jpg/330px-%281842%29_MAP_OF_THE_COLONY_NEW_ZEALAND.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/%281842%29_MAP_OF_THE_COLONY_NEW_ZEALAND.jpg/440px-%281842%29_MAP_OF_THE_COLONY_NEW_ZEALAND.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1994" data-file-height="2559" /></a><figcaption>Map of the <a href="/wiki/Colony_of_New_Zealand" title="Colony of New Zealand">Colony of New Zealand</a> in 1842, naming the North Island "New Ulster", South Island "New Munster" and Stewart Island "New Leinster."</figcaption></figure> <p>Following the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Waitangi" title="Treaty of Waitangi">Treaty of Waitangi</a> in 1840, <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a> became a British colony, initially as part of <a href="/wiki/New_South_Wales" title="New South Wales">New South Wales</a>. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Royal_Charter" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Charter">Royal Charter</a> of November 1840<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> stated that the islands of New Zealand were "designated and known respectively" as:<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoon201066_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoon201066-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_Ulster_Province" title="New Ulster Province">New Ulster</a> (the <a href="/wiki/North_Island" title="North Island">North Island</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Munster_Province" title="New Munster Province">New Munster</a> (the <a href="/wiki/South_Island" title="South Island">South Island</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Leinster_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="New Leinster Province">New Leinster</a> (<a href="/wiki/Stewart_Island_/_Rakiura" class="mw-redirect" title="Stewart Island / Rakiura">Stewart Island / Rakiura</a>)</li></ul> <p>These names were of geographic significance only.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> New Zealand became a separate <a href="/wiki/Crown_Colony" class="mw-redirect" title="Crown Colony">Crown Colony</a> from New South Wales in May 1841.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoon201066_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoon201066-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1846 the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Parliament of the United Kingdom">British Parliament</a> passed the first <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Constitution_Act_1846" title="New Zealand Constitution Act 1846">New Zealand Constitution Act</a>, which allowed for the establishment of provinces. Governor <a href="/wiki/George_Edward_Grey" class="mw-redirect" title="George Edward Grey">George Grey</a> arrived in New Zealand in November 1845, and upon reading the new Constitution Act in May 1847 argued for its suspension in dispatches to the Colonial Office.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrett201640_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrett201640-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Before this occurred, Grey proclaimed the provincial boundaries on 10 March 1848:<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrett201641_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrett201641-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>New Ulster (the North Island, north of the <a href="/wiki/Patea_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Patea River">Patea River</a> mouth)</li> <li>New Munster (the North Island south of the <a href="/wiki/Patea_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Patea River">Patea River</a> mouth, the South Island and Stewart Island / Rakiura)</li></ul> <p>Each province had a <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant-Governor" class="mw-redirect" title="Lieutenant-Governor">Lieutenant-Governor</a>, appointed by the Governor-in-Chief.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcLean200644_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcLean200644-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The 1846 Constitution Act was suspended in early 1848, with the only operative provisions relating to the reform of the provinces. News of the suspension did not reach New Zealand until 23 March 1848, when the immigrant ship <a href="/wiki/John_Wickliffe_(ship)" title="John Wickliffe (ship)">John Wickliffe</a> arrived in <a href="/wiki/Port_Chalmers" title="Port Chalmers">Port Chalmers</a> to begin European settlement of Otago.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrett201641_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrett201641-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In addition, the provinces were separated from the central government for the first time. </p><p>New Ulster and New Munster had their own seals.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Responsible_Government:_1853–1876"><span id="Responsible_Government:_1853.E2.80.931876"></span>Responsible Government: 1853–1876</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Provinces_of_New_Zealand&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Responsible Government: 1853–1876"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:New_Zealand_in_1852.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/New_Zealand_in_1852.svg/220px-New_Zealand_in_1852.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="269" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/New_Zealand_in_1852.svg/330px-New_Zealand_in_1852.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/New_Zealand_in_1852.svg/440px-New_Zealand_in_1852.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="491" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Map of provinces after 1852</figcaption></figure> <p>New provinces were formed by the <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Constitution_Act_1852" title="New Zealand Constitution Act 1852">New Zealand Constitution Act 1852</a>. This Act established a quasi-federal system of government and divided the country into the six provinces of <a href="/wiki/Auckland_Province" title="Auckland Province">Auckland</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Plymouth_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="New Plymouth Province">New Plymouth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wellington_Province" title="Wellington Province">Wellington</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nelson_Province" title="Nelson Province">Nelson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canterbury_Province" title="Canterbury Province">Canterbury</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Otago_Province" title="Otago Province">Otago</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Each province elected its own legislature known as a provincial council, and elected a <a href="/wiki/Superintendent_(New_Zealand)" title="Superintendent (New Zealand)">superintendent</a> who was not a member of the council.<sup id="cite_ref-CRC_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CRC-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The councils elected their speaker at their first meeting after elections.<sup id="cite_ref-nine_provinces_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nine_provinces-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Act also created a national <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Parliament" title="New Zealand Parliament">General Assembly</a> consisting of the <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Legislative_Council" title="New Zealand Legislative Council">Legislative Council</a> (appointed by the <a href="/wiki/Governor-General_of_New_Zealand" title="Governor-General of New Zealand">governor</a>) and the directly elected <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_House_of_Representatives" title="New Zealand House of Representatives">House of Representatives</a>. These provinces came into effect on 17 January 1853 and the regulations defining the boundaries of the provinces were gazetted on 28 February. Electoral regulations were gazetted on 5 March.<sup id="cite_ref-nine_provinces_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nine_provinces-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As with general elections, elections were open to males 21 years or older who owned freehold property worth £50 a year. The <a href="/wiki/1853_New_Zealand_provincial_elections" title="1853 New Zealand provincial elections">first provincial elections</a> were held at the same time as the <a href="/wiki/1853_New_Zealand_general_election" title="1853 New Zealand general election">1853 general elections</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrett201661_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrett201661-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While Governor <a href="/wiki/George_Grey" title="George Grey">George Grey</a> had issued the writs for the provincial and general elections at the same time, the provincial councils met before the general assembly met, in May 1854.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrett201668_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrett201668-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The New Zealand Constitution Amendment Act 1857 provided for the appointment of a deputy superintendent. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="New_Provinces_Act_1858">New Provinces Act 1858</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Provinces_of_New_Zealand&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: New Provinces Act 1858"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Constitution Act provided for the creation of additional provinces, and when the spread of European settlements between the original centres of the provincial governments and the outlying settlers grew, the General Assembly passed the New Provinces Act 1858.<sup id="cite_ref-New_Provinces_Act,_1858_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-New_Provinces_Act,_1858-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:New_Zealand_in_1861.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/New_Zealand_in_1861.svg/220px-New_Zealand_in_1861.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="269" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/New_Zealand_in_1861.svg/330px-New_Zealand_in_1861.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/New_Zealand_in_1861.svg/440px-New_Zealand_in_1861.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="491" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Provinces in 1861</figcaption></figure> <p>This Act allowed any district of between 500 thousand and 3 million acres <span class="nowrap">(2,000–12,000 km<sup>2</sup>)</span> of land with a European population of no fewer than 1,000 people to petition for separation provided that at least 60% of electors agreed. As a result, <a href="/wiki/Hawke%27s_Bay_Province" title="Hawke's Bay Province">Hawke's Bay Province</a> separated from Wellington on 1 November 1858; <a href="/wiki/Marlborough_Province" title="Marlborough Province">Marlborough Province</a> from Nelson on 1 November 1859; and <a href="/wiki/Southland_Province" title="Southland Province">Southland Province</a> from Otago on 1 April 1861. New Plymouth also changed its name to Taranaki under the same Act.<sup id="cite_ref-nine_provinces_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nine_provinces-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Stewart Island / Rakiura, which had since 1853 not been part of any province, was annexed to the province of Southland on 10 November 1863.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Provinces established under this act elected their superintendents in a different way. Members of the provincial council would elect a suitable person listed on the electoral roll as superintendent by a majority. If such a person was an elected member, this would result in a by-election to fill the vacancy.<sup id="cite_ref-New_Provinces_Act,_1858_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-New_Provinces_Act,_1858-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="sortable wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Province </th> <th>Formed date </th> <th>Formed from </th> <th>Dissolution date </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Auckland_Province" title="Auckland Province">Auckland</a> </td> <td>17 January 1853 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/New_Ulster_Province" title="New Ulster Province">New Ulster</a> </td> <td>1 November 1876 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Taranaki_Province" title="Taranaki Province">New Plymouth</a> <sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>* 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>17 January 1853 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/New_Ulster_Province" title="New Ulster Province">New Ulster</a> </td> <td>1 November 1876 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hawke%27s_Bay_Province" title="Hawke's Bay Province">Hawke's Bay</a> </td> <td>1 November 1858 </td> <td>Wellington </td> <td>1 November 1876 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Wellington_Province" title="Wellington Province">Wellington</a> </td> <td>17 January 1853 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/New_Munster_Province" title="New Munster Province">New Munster</a> </td> <td>1 November 1876 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Nelson_Province" title="Nelson Province">Nelson</a> </td> <td>17 January 1853 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/New_Munster_Province" title="New Munster Province">New Munster</a> </td> <td>1 November 1876 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Marlborough_Province" title="Marlborough Province">Marlborough</a> </td> <td>1 November 1859 </td> <td>Nelson </td> <td>1 November 1876 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Westland_Province" title="Westland Province">Westland</a> </td> <td>1 December 1873<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>* 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Canterbury </td> <td>1 November 1876 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Canterbury_Province" title="Canterbury Province">Canterbury</a> </td> <td>17 January 1853 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/New_Munster_Province" title="New Munster Province">New Munster</a> </td> <td>1 November 1876 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Otago_Province" title="Otago Province">Otago</a> </td> <td>17 January 1853 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/New_Munster_Province" title="New Munster Province">New Munster</a> </td> <td>1 November 1876 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Southland_Province" title="Southland Province">Southland</a> </td> <td>25 March 1861 </td> <td>Otago </td> <td>5 October 1870<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>* 3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Renamed Taranaki from 1 January 1859</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Independent county 1 January 1868</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Reunited with Otago</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Abolition_of_Provinces_Act_1875">Abolition of Provinces Act 1875</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Provinces_of_New_Zealand&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Abolition of Provinces Act 1875"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1023981488">@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .rquote{width:auto!important;float:none!important}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote rquote" style="float: right; width: 33%;"><p>The provinces have broken down because of their coming into conflict with the colonial government on many points, and especially on points of finance. Their doom was only a question of time, when it became obvious that they could not raise their own revenue; that they had to look to the general government to supply deficiencies; and that they could not borrow without the colony becoming liable.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Colonial Treasurer <a href="/wiki/Julius_Vogel" title="Julius Vogel">Julius Vogel</a>, 1876<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></div></blockquote> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:New_Zealand_in_1873.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/New_Zealand_in_1873.svg/220px-New_Zealand_in_1873.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="269" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/New_Zealand_in_1873.svg/330px-New_Zealand_in_1873.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/New_Zealand_in_1873.svg/440px-New_Zealand_in_1873.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="491" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Map of provinces at the time of their abolition. These units were later renamed "provincial districts".</figcaption></figure> <p>New Zealand's provinces were the subject of protracted political debate almost as soon as they were founded. Two factions emerged in the <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_House_of_Representatives" title="New Zealand House of Representatives">General Assembly</a>: "Centralists", favouring a strong central government, and "Provincialists", favouring strong regional governments. The Centralist members of the General Assembly regarded the provinces as inherently self-interested, and prone to <a href="/wiki/Pork_barrel" title="Pork barrel">pork-barrel</a> politics. In the construction of railways, for example, three of the provinces had constructed railways (as was the case in Australia) to different <a href="/wiki/Track_gauge" title="Track gauge">track gauges</a>, with <a href="/wiki/Canterbury_Provincial_Railways" title="Canterbury Provincial Railways">Canterbury Provincial Railways</a> being built to "broad" gauge, and Southland's railways being built to "standard" gauge. As a result, the Public Works Act of 1870 standardised the gauge to be used, and Otago's first railway, the <a href="/wiki/Port_Chalmers_Branch" title="Port Chalmers Branch">Port Chalmers railway</a>, was built to the new "standard" narrow gauge. Colonial Treasurer (and later Premier) <a href="/wiki/Julius_Vogel" title="Julius Vogel">Julius Vogel</a> launched his <a href="/wiki/The_Vogel_Era" title="The Vogel Era">Great Public Works</a> policy of immigration and public works schemes of the 1870s, borrowing the massive sum of 10 million pounds, to develop significant infrastructure of roads, railways, and communications, all administered by the central government. This diminished the power of the provinces greatly. The provinces were finally abolished by the Abolition of Provinces Act 1875,<sup id="cite_ref-nine_provinces_11-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nine_provinces-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> during the <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_New_Zealand" title="Prime Minister of New Zealand">Premiership</a> of <a href="/wiki/Harry_Atkinson" title="Harry Atkinson">Harry Atkinson</a>. The Act came into force on 1 November 1876, but the superintendents stayed in office until the replacement county councils took office on 1 January 1877.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Replacement">Replacement</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Provinces_of_New_Zealand&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Replacement"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Provinces_of_New_Zealand" title="Special:EditPage/Provinces of New Zealand">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Provinces+of+New+Zealand%22">"Provinces of New Zealand"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Provinces+of+New+Zealand%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Provinces+of+New+Zealand%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Provinces+of+New+Zealand%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Provinces+of+New+Zealand%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Provinces+of+New+Zealand%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">October 2017</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Upon abolition, the provinces took the legal status of provincial districts that had no administrative functions.<sup id="cite_ref-McLintock_Provincial_districts_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McLintock_Provincial_districts-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Local government was vested in elected borough and county councils. The Counties Bill of 1876 created <a href="/wiki/Counties_of_New_Zealand" title="Counties of New Zealand">63 counties</a> out of the provinces. In 1989 the counties were replaced by enlarged <a href="/wiki/Districts_of_New_Zealand" class="mw-redirect" title="Districts of New Zealand">district councils</a>. </p><p>The boundaries of the former provinces served as administrative areas for education boards set up under the Education Act of 1877 and for the offices of several Government departments, including the <a href="/wiki/Department_of_Lands_and_Survey" title="Department of Lands and Survey">Department of Lands and Survey</a>. Various responsibilities were delegated to boards. For example, the <a href="/wiki/Education_Act_1877" title="Education Act 1877">Education Act 1877</a> created the <i>Education Boards</i> for Auckland, Hamilton, Hawkes Bay, Taranaki, Wanganui, Wellington, Nelson, Westland, Southland, Canterbury and Otago districts. The Department of Lands and Survey split the country into the <i>Land Districts</i> of Auckland (North), Auckland (South), Hawkes Bay, Gisborne, Taranaki, Wellington, Canterbury, Marlborough, Nelson, Westland, Otago and Southland. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Rugby_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="New Zealand Rugby Union">New Zealand Rugby Union</a> was formed in 1892 with foundation members principally being provinces: <a href="/wiki/Auckland_Rugby_Football_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Auckland Rugby Football Union">Auckland</a>†, <a href="/wiki/Hawke%27s_Bay_Rugby_Union" title="Hawke's Bay Rugby Union">Hawke's Bay</a>†, <a href="/wiki/Taranaki_Rugby_Football_Union" title="Taranaki Rugby Football Union">Taranaki</a>†, <a href="/wiki/Manawatu_Rugby_Union" title="Manawatu Rugby Union">Manawatu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wanganui_Rugby_Football_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Wanganui Rugby Football Union">Wanganui</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wairarapa_Bush_Rugby_Football_Union" title="Wairarapa Bush Rugby Football Union">Wairarapa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wellington_Rugby_Football_Union" title="Wellington Rugby Football Union">Wellington</a>†, <a href="/wiki/Nelson_Bays_Rugby_Union" title="Nelson Bays Rugby Union">Nelson</a>†, <a href="/wiki/Marlborough_Rugby_Union" title="Marlborough Rugby Union">Marlborough</a>† and <a href="/wiki/South_Canterbury_Rugby_Football_Union" title="South Canterbury Rugby Football Union">South Canterbury</a>. At the time, three major South Island Provincial Unions – <a href="/wiki/Canterbury_Rugby_Football_Union" title="Canterbury Rugby Football Union">Canterbury</a>†, <a href="/wiki/Otago_Rugby_Football_Union" title="Otago Rugby Football Union">Otago</a>† and <a href="/wiki/Southland_Rugby_Football_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Southland Rugby Football Union">Southland</a>† – resisted the central authority of the NZRU. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Modern_uses_of_the_old_names">Modern uses of the old names</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Provinces_of_New_Zealand&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Modern uses of the old names"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Some current <i>Provincial Anniversary Days</i> are still <a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_New_Zealand" title="Public holidays in New Zealand">public holidays in New Zealand</a>: Auckland†, Taranaki†, Hawkes' Bay†, Wellington†, Marlborough†, Nelson†, Canterbury†, Canterbury (South), Westland†, Otago†, Southland† and Chatham Islands. </p><p>The provincial districts had <i>different</i> boundaries from the present day <a href="/wiki/Regions_of_New_Zealand" title="Regions of New Zealand">regions</a>, for example, the Manawatū-Whanganui region is largely in the Wellington provincial district. The districts are represented by teams in <a href="/wiki/Rugby_union" title="Rugby union">rugby union</a>'s <a href="/wiki/ITM_Cup" class="mw-redirect" title="ITM Cup">ITM Cup</a> and <a href="/wiki/Heartland_Championship" title="Heartland Championship">Heartland Championship</a>, both of which replaced the <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Rugby#Provincial_rugby" title="New Zealand Rugby">National Provincial Championship</a> in 2006, although the term "provincial" is still used in connection with rugby for the present 29 unions whether founded in the 1880s (e.g. Otago) or 2006 (Tasman).<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some of the names persist in other contexts as well, such as health administration districts: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120118144620/http://www.northlanddhb.org.nz/">Northland</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.waitematadhb.govt.nz/">Waitemata</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.adhb.govt.nz/">Auckland</a>†, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cmdhb.org.nz/">Counties Manukau</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.waikatodhb.health.nz/">Waikato</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bopdhb.govt.nz/">Bay of Plenty</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lakesdhb.govt.nz/">Lakes (Rotorua/Taupo)</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100604223019/http://www.hawkesbaydhb.govt.nz/">Hawke's Bay</a>†, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.midcentraldhb.govt.nz/">MidCentral (Manawatu)</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tdh.org.nz/">Tairawhiti (Gisborne)</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tdhb.org.nz/">Taranaki</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wdhb.org.nz/">Whanganui</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wairarapa.dhb.org.nz/">Wairarapa</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.huttvalleydhb.org.nz/">Hutt Valley</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ccdhb.org.nz/">Capital and Coast (Wellington)</a>†, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nmdhb.govt.nz/">Nelson (Marlborough)</a>†, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.westcoastdhb.org.nz/">West Coast</a>†, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cdhb.govt.nz/">Canterbury</a>†, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scdhb.health.nz/">South Canterbury</a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.southerndhb.govt.nz/">Southern (Otago)</a>†. </p><p>Some of the names of former provinces and current regions have a tendency to be preceded by "the". Thus, for example, we have <i>Auckland</i>, <i>Canterbury</i>, <i>Hawke's Bay</i>, <i>Marlborough</i> and <i>Wellington</i>, but <i>the Waikato</i>, <i>the Manawatu</i>, <i>the Bay of Plenty</i>, and <i>the West Coast</i>. </p><p>The current <a href="/wiki/Regions_of_New_Zealand" title="Regions of New Zealand">regions of New Zealand</a> and most of their councils came about in 1989: <a href="/wiki/Northland_Region" title="Northland Region">Northland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Auckland_Region" title="Auckland Region">Auckland</a>†, <a href="/wiki/Waikato" title="Waikato">Waikato</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Plenty_Region" title="Bay of Plenty Region">Bay of Plenty</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gisborne_Region" class="mw-redirect" title="Gisborne Region">Gisborne</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hawke%27s_Bay_Region" class="mw-redirect" title="Hawke's Bay Region">Hawke's Bay</a>†, <a href="/wiki/Taranaki" title="Taranaki">Taranaki</a>†, <a href="/wiki/Manawatu-Whanganui" class="mw-redirect" title="Manawatu-Whanganui">Manawatu-Whanganui</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wellington_Region" title="Wellington Region">Wellington</a>†, <a href="/wiki/Tasman_Region" class="mw-redirect" title="Tasman Region">Tasman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nelson,_New_Zealand" title="Nelson, New Zealand">Nelson</a>†, <a href="/wiki/Marlborough_Region" class="mw-redirect" title="Marlborough Region">Marlborough</a>†, <a href="/wiki/West_Coast,_New_Zealand" class="mw-redirect" title="West Coast, New Zealand">West Coast</a>†, <a href="/wiki/Canterbury,_New_Zealand" class="mw-redirect" title="Canterbury, New Zealand">Canterbury</a>†, <a href="/wiki/Otago" title="Otago">Otago</a>† and <a href="/wiki/Southland,_New_Zealand" class="mw-redirect" title="Southland, New Zealand">Southland</a>†. </p><p>Another usage of words associated with the former provinces often refers to anything rural, e.g. one may refer to a town as <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/provincial" class="extiw" title="wikt:provincial">provincial</a> rather than rural or use the phrase 'out in the provinces,' in order to refer to the countryside. These terms can often be heard on national television networks, particularly on weather broadcasts. </p><p>† indicates a former province. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Provinces_of_New_Zealand&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Provinces_of_New_Zealand&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrett201641-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrett201641_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrett201641_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrett201641_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBrett2016">Brett 2016</a>, p. 41.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nzlii.org/nz/other/NZConLRes/1840/13.html">"Royal Charter of 1840"</a>. <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Legal_Information_Institute" title="New Zealand Legal Information Institute">New Zealand Legal Information Institute</a>. 18 November 1840<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 September</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Royal+Charter+of+1840&rft.pub=New+Zealand+Legal+Information+Institute&rft.date=1840-11-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nzlii.org%2Fnz%2Fother%2FNZConLRes%2F1840%2F13.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProvinces+of+New+Zealand" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoon201066-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoon201066_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoon201066_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMoon2010">Moon 2010</a>, p. 66.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPaterson1966" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Paterson, Donald Edgar (1966). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://teara.govt.nz/en/1966/provinces">"New Leinster, New Munster, and New Ulster"</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Hare_McLintock" title="Alexander Hare McLintock">McLintock, A. H.</a> (ed.). <i><a href="/wiki/An_Encyclopaedia_of_New_Zealand" title="An Encyclopaedia of New Zealand">An Encyclopaedia of New Zealand</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 December</span> 2024</span> – via Te Ara – the Encyclopedia of New Zealand.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=New+Leinster%2C+New+Munster%2C+and+New+Ulster&rft.btitle=An+Encyclopaedia+of+New+Zealand&rft.date=1966&rft.aulast=Paterson&rft.aufirst=Donald+Edgar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fteara.govt.nz%2Fen%2F1966%2Fprovinces&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProvinces+of+New+Zealand" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrett201640-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrett201640_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBrett2016">Brett 2016</a>, p. 40.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcLean200644-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcLean200644_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMcLean2006">McLean 2006</a>, p. 44.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ngw.nl/heraldrywiki/index.php?title=National_Arms_of_New_Zealand#19th_century_provincial_arms_and_seals">"Provincial arms and seals"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Provincial+arms+and+seals&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ngw.nl%2Fheraldrywiki%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DNational_Arms_of_New_Zealand%2319th_century_provincial_arms_and_seals&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProvinces+of+New+Zealand" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/NZSCSG18530302.2.7">"New Zealand Spectator and Cook's Strait Guardian"</a>. Vol. IX, no. 791. 2 March 1853. p. 3<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=New+Zealand+Spectator+and+Cook%27s+Strait+Guardian&rft.volume=IX&rft.issue=791&rft.pages=3&rft.date=1853-03-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpaperspast.natlib.govt.nz%2Fnewspapers%2FNZSCSG18530302.2.7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProvinces+of+New+Zealand" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcLintock1966" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Hare_McLintock" title="Alexander Hare McLintock">McLintock, A.H.</a>, ed. (1966). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://teara.govt.nz/en/1966/provinces-and-provincial-districts">"Provinces and provincial districts: Foundation of system"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/An_Encyclopaedia_of_New_Zealand" title="An Encyclopaedia of New Zealand">An Encyclopaedia of New Zealand</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 June</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Provinces+and+provincial+districts%3A+Foundation+of+system&rft.btitle=An+Encyclopaedia+of+New+Zealand&rft.date=1966&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fteara.govt.nz%2Fen%2F1966%2Fprovinces-and-provincial-districts&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProvinces+of+New+Zealand" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CRC-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CRC_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilson1991" class="citation book cs1">Wilson, John (1991). <i>Canterbury Provincial Council Buildings</i>. Christchurch: <a href="/wiki/Canterbury_Regional_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Canterbury Regional Council">Canterbury Regional Council</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-86937-135-6" title="Special:BookSources/1-86937-135-6"><bdi>1-86937-135-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Canterbury+Provincial+Council+Buildings&rft.place=Christchurch&rft.pub=Canterbury+Regional+Council&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=1-86937-135-6&rft.aulast=Wilson&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProvinces+of+New+Zealand" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nine_provinces-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nine_provinces_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nine_provinces_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nine_provinces_11-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nine_provinces_11-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110205012614/http://www.library.otago.ac.nz/pdf/hoc_fr_bulletins/31_bulletin.pdf">"New Zealand's Nine Provinces (1853–76)"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Friends of the Hocken Collections. 21 March 2000. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.library.otago.ac.nz/pdf/hoc_fr_bulletins/31_bulletin.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 5 February 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Vol. 1, no. 49. 28 August 1858. p. 2<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 July</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Hawke%27s+Bay+Herald&rft.atitle=A+Bill+to+provide+for+the+Establishment+of+new+Provinces+in+New+Zealand&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=49&rft.pages=2&rft.date=1858-08-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpaperspast.natlib.govt.nz%2Fcgi-bin%2Fpaperspast%3Fa%3Dd%26cl%3Dsearch%26d%3DHBH18580828.2.6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProvinces+of+New+Zealand" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLloyd_Esler2010" class="citation news cs1">Lloyd Esler (4 November 2010). "About the South". <i><a href="/wiki/The_Southland_Times" title="The Southland Times">The Southland Times</a></i>. p. 9.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Southland+Times&rft.atitle=About+the+South&rft.pages=9&rft.date=2010-11-04&rft.au=Lloyd+Esler&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProvinces+of+New+Zealand" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><i>Appendix to the Journals of the House of Representatives</i>, 1876, p. B-2, p. 12</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Appendix+to+the+Journals+of+the+House+of+Representatives&rft.pages=B-2%2C+p.+12&rft.date=1876&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProvinces+of+New+Zealand" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rulers.org/newzprov.html">"New Zealand Provinces 1848–77"</a>. <i>Rulers.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Rulers.org&rft.atitle=New+Zealand+Provinces+1848%E2%80%9377&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frulers.org%2Fnewzprov.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProvinces+of+New+Zealand" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-McLintock_Provincial_districts-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-McLintock_Provincial_districts_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcLintock1966" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Hare_McLintock" title="Alexander Hare McLintock">McLintock, A. H.</a>, ed. (1966). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://teara.govt.nz/en/1966/provinces-and-provincial-districts/page-5">"Provinces and provincial districts: Provincial districts"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/An_Encyclopaedia_of_New_Zealand" title="An Encyclopaedia of New Zealand">An Encyclopaedia of New Zealand</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 December</span> 2024</span> – via Te Ara – the Encyclopedia of New Zealand.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Provinces+and+provincial+districts%3A+Provincial+districts&rft.btitle=An+Encyclopaedia+of+New+Zealand&rft.date=1966&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fteara.govt.nz%2Fen%2F1966%2Fprovinces-and-provincial-districts%2Fpage-5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProvinces+of+New+Zealand" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170422135706/http://nzrugby.co.nz/about-us/our-members/provincial-unions">"Provincial Unions"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nzrugby.co.nz/about-us/our-members/provincial-unions">the original</a> on 22 April 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 May</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Provincial+Unions&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnzrugby.co.nz%2Fabout-us%2Four-members%2Fprovincial-unions&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProvinces+of+New+Zealand" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Provinces_of_New_Zealand&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrett2016" class="citation book cs1">Brett, André (2016). <i>Acknowledge No Frontier: The Creation and Demise of New Zealand's Provinces, 1853–76</i>. Dunedin: <a href="/wiki/Otago_University_Press" title="Otago University Press">Otago University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-927322-36-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-927322-36-9"><bdi>978-1-927322-36-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Acknowledge+No+Frontier%3A+The+Creation+and+Demise+of+New+Zealand%27s+Provinces%2C+1853%E2%80%9376&rft.place=Dunedin&rft.pub=Otago+University+Press&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-1-927322-36-9&rft.aulast=Brett&rft.aufirst=Andr%C3%A9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProvinces+of+New+Zealand" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcLean2006" class="citation book cs1">McLean, Gavin (2006). <i>The Governors: New Zealand's Governors and Governors-General</i>. Dunedin: Otago University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-877372-25-0" title="Special:BookSources/1-877372-25-0"><bdi>1-877372-25-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Governors%3A+New+Zealand%27s+Governors+and+Governors-General&rft.place=Dunedin&rft.pub=Otago+University+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=1-877372-25-0&rft.aulast=McLean&rft.aufirst=Gavin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProvinces+of+New+Zealand" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoon2010" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Paul_Moon" title="Paul Moon">Moon, Paul</a> (2010). <i>New Zealand Birth Certificates: 50 of New Zealand's Founding Documents</i>. AUT Media. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780958299718" title="Special:BookSources/9780958299718"><bdi>9780958299718</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=New+Zealand+Birth+Certificates%3A+50+of+New+Zealand%27s+Founding+Documents&rft.pub=AUT+Media&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=9780958299718&rft.aulast=Moon&rft.aufirst=Paul&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProvinces+of+New+Zealand" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Provinces_of_New_Zealand&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Speeches and Documents on New Zealand History</i>. McIntyre and Gardner (eds). 1971. Oxford University Press.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://teara.govt.nz/en/colonial-and-provincial-government">Colonial and provincial government</a>. <i>Te Ara – The Encyclopedia of New Zealand</i></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Provinces_of_New_Zealand&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nzlii.org/nz/legis/hist_act/aopa187539v1875n21360/">Text of the Abolition of the Provinces Act 1876</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rulers.org/newzprov.html">List at Rulers site with provincial superintendents</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110205012614/http://www.library.otago.ac.nz/pdf/hoc_fr_bulletins/31_bulletin.pdf">New Zealand’s Nine Provinces (1853–76)</a> – Welcome to the Hocken Bulletin No.31 March 2000, Friends of the Hocking Collections – Dunedin 2000</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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Ulster Province">New Ulster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Munster_Province" title="New Munster Province">New Munster</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1853–1876</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Auckland_Province" title="Auckland Province">Auckland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canterbury_Province" title="Canterbury Province">Canterbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawke%27s_Bay_Province" title="Hawke's Bay Province">Hawke's Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marlborough_Province" title="Marlborough Province">Marlborough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nelson_Province" title="Nelson Province">Nelson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otago_Province" title="Otago Province">Otago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southland_Province" title="Southland Province">Southland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taranaki_Province" title="Taranaki Province">Taranaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wellington_Province" title="Wellington Province">Wellington</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Westland_County" title="Westland County">Westland County</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westland_Province" title="Westland Province">Westland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Provinces_of_New_Zealand&oldid=1272830305">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Provinces_of_New_Zealand&oldid=1272830305</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: 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