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class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Carrier_constraints" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Carrier_constraints"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Carrier constraints</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Carrier_constraints-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-The_Beginning:_Metro_Ethernet" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Beginning:_Metro_Ethernet"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.1</span> <span>The Beginning: Metro Ethernet</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Beginning:_Metro_Ethernet-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Expansion_to_Carrier_Ethernet" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Expansion_to_Carrier_Ethernet"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.2</span> <span>Expansion to Carrier Ethernet</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Expansion_to_Carrier_Ethernet-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Carrier_Ethernet_services" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Carrier_Ethernet_services"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Carrier Ethernet services</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Carrier_Ethernet_services-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Carrier Ethernet services subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Carrier_Ethernet_services-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ethernet_Virtual_Private_Tree" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ethernet_Virtual_Private_Tree"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Ethernet Virtual Private Tree</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ethernet_Virtual_Private_Tree-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ethernet_private_line" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ethernet_private_line"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Ethernet private line</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ethernet_private_line-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ethernet_Virtual_Private_LAN" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ethernet_Virtual_Private_LAN"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Ethernet Virtual Private LAN</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ethernet_Virtual_Private_LAN-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transport_of_Ethernet_services" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transport_of_Ethernet_services"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Transport of Ethernet services</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Transport_of_Ethernet_services-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Transport of Ethernet services subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Transport_of_Ethernet_services-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ethernet_over_SDH/SONET" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ethernet_over_SDH/SONET"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Ethernet over SDH/SONET</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ethernet_over_SDH/SONET-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ethernet_over_MPLS" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ethernet_over_MPLS"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Ethernet over MPLS</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ethernet_over_MPLS-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ethernet_over_Carrier-Ethernet_Transport_(CET)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ethernet_over_Carrier-Ethernet_Transport_(CET)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Ethernet over Carrier-Ethernet Transport (CET)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ethernet_over_Carrier-Ethernet_Transport_(CET)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Carrier_Ethernet_demarcation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Carrier_Ethernet_demarcation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Carrier Ethernet demarcation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Carrier_Ethernet_demarcation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Carrier_Ethernet_technologies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Carrier_Ethernet_technologies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Carrier Ethernet technologies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Carrier_Ethernet_technologies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span 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Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Carrier+Ethernet%22">"Carrier Ethernet"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Carrier+Ethernet%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Carrier+Ethernet%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Carrier+Ethernet%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Carrier+Ethernet%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Carrier+Ethernet%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">February 2009</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Technical plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style ambox-technical" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/40px-Edit-clear.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/60px-Edit-clear.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/80px-Edit-clear.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>may be too technical for most readers to understand</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Carrier_Ethernet&action=edit">help improve it</a> to <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Make_technical_articles_understandable" title="Wikipedia:Make technical articles understandable">make it understandable to non-experts</a>, without removing the technical details.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">November 2009</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Update plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Update" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Ambox_current_red.svg/42px-Ambox_current_red.svg.png" decoding="async" width="42" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Ambox_current_red.svg/63px-Ambox_current_red.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Ambox_current_red.svg/84px-Ambox_current_red.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="290" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">Parts of this article (those related to Carrier Ethernet 2.0) need to be <b>updated</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">December 2013</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> </div> </div><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Carrier Ethernet</b> is a marketing term for extensions to <a href="/wiki/Ethernet" title="Ethernet">Ethernet</a> for <a href="/wiki/Communications_service_provider" class="mw-redirect" title="Communications service provider">communications service providers</a> that utilize Ethernet technology in their networks. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carrier_Ethernet&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ethernet has a long history. It has become dominant in enterprise networks. This dominance has led to high production-volume components, which in turn have allowed extremely low cost per bit. Likewise, Ethernet has a long history of re-inventing itself. From the original copper <a href="/wiki/Coaxial_cable" title="Coaxial cable">coaxial cable</a> format ("<a href="/wiki/10BASE5" title="10BASE5">thicknet</a>") it has extended its scope to nearly all copper, <a href="/wiki/Optical_fiber" title="Optical fiber">optical fiber</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wireless_network" title="Wireless network">wireless physical media</a>. <a href="/wiki/Bit_rate" title="Bit rate">Bit rates</a> have continued to increase, traditionally growing tenfold each time a new rate is defined. <a href="/wiki/Gigabit_Ethernet" title="Gigabit Ethernet">Gigabit Ethernet</a> interfaces are widely deployed in PCs and servers, and 10 Gbit/s in <a href="/wiki/Local_area_network" title="Local area network">local area network</a> (LAN) backbones. Rates up to <a href="/wiki/100_Gigabit_Ethernet" title="100 Gigabit Ethernet">100 Gigabit Ethernet</a> were standardized in 2010 and 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-ab_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ab-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ethernet's dominance is partly attributed to the simple advantages for the industry of adopting a single standard to drive up volumes and drive down prices. In part, it is also due to ease of deployment, using its ability to self-configure based on the key concepts of "learning bridge" (<a href="/wiki/Network_flood" class="mw-redirect" title="Network flood">flooding</a>, and associating learned destination <a href="/wiki/Mac_address" class="mw-redirect" title="Mac address">addresses</a> with <a href="/wiki/Network_bridge" title="Network bridge">bridge</a> ports) and "<a href="/wiki/Spanning_tree_protocol" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanning tree protocol">spanning tree protocol</a>" (the protocol used for avoiding bridging loops). </p><p>Historically, competing protocols and cabling have been created in order to access higher speed devices than contemporary Ethernet-connected devices handled at an affordable price. Examples include <a href="/wiki/FireWire" class="mw-redirect" title="FireWire">FireWire</a> and <a href="/wiki/Light_Peak" class="mw-redirect" title="Light Peak">Light Peak</a>. One motive to create competing standards has been to drive down the price of comparable-speed Ethernet devices. Once this purpose is achieved, competing standards tend to disappear or be confined to very specialized niches. </p><p>Ethernet is a fairly simple protocol which has scaled to hundreds of thousands of times faster speeds and consistently been able to adapt to meet the needs and demands of new markets. For example, time domain capabilities are being added to IEEE 802.3 Ethernet to support IEEE 802.1 <a href="/wiki/Audio_Video_Bridging" title="Audio Video Bridging">Audio Video Bridging</a> (AVB),<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and these capabilities will be applicable to time sensitive carrier applications likewise <a href="/wiki/IEEE_1588" class="mw-redirect" title="IEEE 1588">IEEE 1588</a>. </p><p>Customer LAN networks are increasingly connected to wide-area telecommunications networks over Ethernet interfaces or to devices that bridge <a href="/wiki/Digital_subscriber_line" title="Digital subscriber line">digital subscriber line</a> (DSL) or <a href="/wiki/Mobile_phone" title="Mobile phone">wireless</a> to these. Moreover, customers are familiar with the capabilities of Ethernet networks, and would like to extend these capabilities to multi-site networks. Meanwhile, the needs of such networks have expanded to include many services previously handled only on the LAN or by specialized connections, notably video and backup. It is not practical to expand most small networks beyond 1G or at most 2G (<a href="/wiki/Link_aggregation" title="Link aggregation">dual teaming</a> gigabit) capacity per segment, since the bottleneck remains in the wide area links to other offices and online services. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Carrier_constraints">Carrier constraints</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carrier_Ethernet&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Carrier constraints"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Thus <a href="/wiki/Wide_area_network" title="Wide area network">wide area network</a> (WAN) and <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_area_network" title="Metropolitan area network">metropolitan area network</a> (MAN) providers find themselves with three needs: </p> <ol><li>To provide their customers with Ethernet services</li> <li>To make use of the volume and cost advantages of Ethernet technologies in their networks</li> <li>To replace non-Ethernet technologies with Ethernet competitors that have sufficient capacity for <a href="/wiki/Data_storage_device" class="mw-redirect" title="Data storage device">storage</a>, <a href="/wiki/Backup" title="Backup">backup</a> and <a href="/wiki/HD_video" class="mw-redirect" title="HD video">HD video</a> and guarantee features (transfer certainty, low latency) needed to support these services</li></ol> <p>They are also constrained as services cannot be migrated from local to wide area services too fast lest they exceed the total provisioning available and result in unacceptable quality. Services that try to expand too fast lose money while those that wait too long lose customers. Accordingly, carriers must expand their services conservatively and pay close attention to <a href="/wiki/Quality_of_service" title="Quality of service">quality of service</a> (QoS). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="The_Beginning:_Metro_Ethernet">The Beginning: Metro Ethernet</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carrier_Ethernet&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: The Beginning: Metro Ethernet"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/MEF_Forum" title="MEF Forum">MEF</a> was formed in 2001 in order to develop ubiquitous business services for Enterprise users principally accessed over optical metropolitan networks in order to connect their Enterprise LANs. The principal concept was to bring the simplicity and cost model of Ethernet to the wide area network.<sup id="cite_ref-MEF_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MEF-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Expansion_to_Carrier_Ethernet">Expansion to Carrier Ethernet</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carrier_Ethernet&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Expansion to Carrier Ethernet"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The success of Metro Ethernet Services caught the imagination of the world when the concept expanded to include worldwide services traversing national and global networks:<sup id="cite_ref-MEF_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MEF-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Access networks to provide availability to a much wider class of user over fiber, copper, cable, <a href="/wiki/Passive_optical_network" title="Passive optical network">passive optical network</a> (PON), and wireless</li> <li>Economy of scale from the resulting converged business, residential and wireless networks sharing the same infrastructure and services</li> <li>Scalability & rapid deployment of business applications</li> <li>Adoption of the certification program</li> <li>All while retaining the cost model and simplicity of Ethernet</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Carrier_Ethernet_services">Carrier Ethernet services</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carrier_Ethernet&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Carrier Ethernet services"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>To create a market in Ethernet services, it is necessary to clarify and standardise the services to be provided. Recognising this, the industry created the MEF. This played a key role in defining: </p> <ul><li><b>Ethernet Virtual Private Line</b> or <b>E-Line</b>: a service connecting two customer Ethernet ports over a WAN.</li> <li><b>Ethernet Virtual Private LAN</b> or <b>E-LAN</b>: a multipoint service connecting a set of customer <a href="/wiki/Communication_endpoint" title="Communication endpoint">endpoints</a>, giving the appearance to the customer of a bridged Ethernet network connecting the sites.</li> <li><b>Ethernet Virtual Private Tree</b> or <b>E-Tree</b>: a multipoint service connecting one or more roots and a set of leaves, but preventing inter-leaf communication.</li></ul> <p>All these services provide standard definitions of such characteristics as bandwidth, resilience and service multiplexing, allowing customers to compare service offerings and facilitating <a href="/wiki/Service_level_agreement" class="mw-redirect" title="Service level agreement">service level agreements</a> (SLAs). <i>Analogous definitions for wireless networks are defined in <a href="/wiki/IEEE_802.21" title="IEEE 802.21">IEEE 802.21</a> and <a href="/wiki/IEEE_802.11u" title="IEEE 802.11u">IEEE 802.11u</a>, though these are intended for much shorter time commitments and services appropriate for mobile users only.</i> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ethernet_Virtual_Private_Tree">Ethernet Virtual Private Tree</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carrier_Ethernet&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Ethernet Virtual Private Tree"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Ethernet Virtual Private Tree</b> or <b>E-Tree</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Point-to-multipoint_communication" title="Point-to-multipoint communication">point-to-multipoint</a> Ethernet Virtual Connection defined by the MEF — an Ethernet <a href="/wiki/VLAN" title="VLAN">VLAN</a> configuration suitable for <a href="/wiki/Multicast" title="Multicast">multicast</a> services. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ethernet_private_line">Ethernet private line</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carrier_Ethernet&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Ethernet private line"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Ethernet private line</b> (<b>EPL</b>) and <b>Ethernet virtual private line</b> (<b>EVPL</b>) are data services defined by the MEF. EPL provides a point-to-point <a href="/wiki/Ethernet_virtual_connection" title="Ethernet virtual connection">Ethernet virtual connection</a> (EVC) between a pair of dedicated <a href="/wiki/User%E2%80%93network_interface" title="User–network interface">user–network interfaces</a> (UNIs), with a high degree of transparency. EVPL provides a point-to-point or <a href="/wiki/Point-to-multipoint" class="mw-redirect" title="Point-to-multipoint">point-to-multipoint</a> connection between a pair of UNIs. </p><p>The services are categorized as an E-line service type, with an expectation of low <a href="/w/index.php?title=Frame_delay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Frame delay (page does not exist)">frame delay</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Frame_delay_variation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Frame delay variation (page does not exist)">frame delay variation</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Frame_loss_ratio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Frame loss ratio (page does not exist)">frame loss ratio</a>. EPL is implemented using a point-to-point EVC with no service multiplexing at each UNI (physical interface), i.e., all service frames at the UNI are mapped to a single EVC (a.k.a. all-to-one bundling). </p><p>Due to a high degree of transparency, EPL is often used to provide point-to-point <a href="/wiki/Transparent_LAN_service" class="mw-redirect" title="Transparent LAN service">transparent LAN service</a> (TLS), where the service frame's header and payload are identical at both the source and destination UNI. Some implementations tunnel most Ethernet Layer 2 control protocols (L2CPs) except for some link-layer L2CPs such as IEEE 802.3x <a href="/wiki/Pause_frame" class="mw-redirect" title="Pause frame">pause frames</a>. </p><p>Unlike EPL, EVPL allows for service multiplexing, i.e., multiple EVCs or Ethernet services per UNI. The other difference between the EVPL and EPL is the degree of transparency: while EPL is highly transparent, filtering only the pause frames, EVPL is required to either peer or drop most of the Layer 2 control protocols. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ethernet_Virtual_Private_LAN">Ethernet Virtual Private LAN</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carrier_Ethernet&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Ethernet Virtual Private LAN"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Ethernet Virtual Private LAN</b> (EVP-LAN) is a <a href="/wiki/Broadcast_domain" title="Broadcast domain">multipoint-to-multipoint</a> Ethernet Virtual Connection defined by the MEF — a Carrier Ethernet equivalent of <a href="/wiki/Virtual_Private_LAN_Service" title="Virtual Private LAN Service">Virtual Private LAN Service</a> (VPLS) or <a href="/wiki/Transparent_LAN_Services" class="mw-redirect" title="Transparent LAN Services">Transparent LAN Services</a>. EVP-LAN enables any-to-any communication between all customer locations associated with the customer's Ethernet Virtual Connections (EVC). It is categorized as an E-LAN service type, with an expectation of low Frame Delay, Frame Delay Variation and Frame Loss Ratio. Service multiplexing is allowed at the UNI and EVPL and EVP-LAN service types may share the same port. CE-VLAN IDs are maintained across the network. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transport_of_Ethernet_services">Transport of Ethernet services</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carrier_Ethernet&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Transport of Ethernet services"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The MEF does not specify how Ethernet services are to be provided in a carrier network. Despite the advantages described above, Ethernet has traditionally had a number of limitations in the WAN application. The "bridge" and "spanning tree" concepts described above do not scale to large international networks. Moreover, Ethernet has lacked some of the dependability features necessary in this application (in particular, mechanisms to isolate one customer's traffic from another, to measure performance of a customer service instance, and to rapidly detect and repair failures in large networks).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2009)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Because of these limitations, and because of the need to make use of pre-existing equipment, Ethernet services have been carried across wide area networks using other technologies. Two types of technology have been widely used, while a third (Carrier-Ethernet transport) is rapidly emerging as a viable and logical option for Carrier-Ethernet services. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ethernet_over_SDH/SONET"><span id="Ethernet_over_SDH.2FSONET"></span>Ethernet over SDH/SONET</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carrier_Ethernet&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Ethernet over SDH/SONET"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Network_topology#Point-to-point" title="Network topology">Point-to-point</a> Ethernet links are carried over <a href="/wiki/Synchronous_Optical_Networking" class="mw-redirect" title="Synchronous Optical Networking">SDH/SONET</a> networks, making use of virtual concatenation (ITU-T G.707) and LCAS (Link Capacity Adjustment Scheme - ITU-T G.7042) to create an appropriate size carrier bundle, of the <a href="/wiki/Generic_Framing_Procedure" title="Generic Framing Procedure">Generic Framing Procedure</a> of <a href="/wiki/Synchronous_Digital_Hierarchy" class="mw-redirect" title="Synchronous Digital Hierarchy">SDH</a> equipment, and takes advantage of the management and recovery features of SDH to provide <a href="/wiki/High_availability" title="High availability">high availability</a> and resilience to failures. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ethernet_over_MPLS">Ethernet over MPLS</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carrier_Ethernet&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Ethernet over MPLS"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ethernet services are carried over <a href="/wiki/Internet_Protocol" title="Internet Protocol">IP</a>/<a href="/wiki/Multiprotocol_Label_Switching" title="Multiprotocol Label Switching">MPLS</a> networks making use of a wide range of <a href="/wiki/Internet_Protocol_Suite" class="mw-redirect" title="Internet Protocol Suite">IP-related protocols</a> (see IETF pseudowire standards, e.g. RFC 3985, RFC 4448). Ethernet links are transported as "pseudowires" using <a href="/wiki/MPLS_label-switched_path" class="mw-redirect" title="MPLS label-switched path">MPLS label-switched paths</a> (LSPs) inside an outer MPLS "tunnel". This strategy can support both point-to-point (Virtual Private Wire Service - VPWS) and multipoint (Virtual Private LAN service - VPLS) services, and has recently achieved significant deployment in routed networks. It makes use of a number of basic transport protocols, including <a href="/wiki/Synchronous_Digital_Hierarchy" class="mw-redirect" title="Synchronous Digital Hierarchy">SDH</a> and (increasingly) Ethernet. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ethernet_over_Carrier-Ethernet_Transport_(CET)"><span id="Ethernet_over_Carrier-Ethernet_Transport_.28CET.29"></span>Ethernet over Carrier-Ethernet Transport (CET)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carrier_Ethernet&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Ethernet over Carrier-Ethernet Transport (CET)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Proponents of Carrier-Class Ethernet argue Ethernet is the best for Metro Area Networks because all data traffic originates as Ethernet. Ethernet's ubiquitous presence in the LANs worldwide drives down the cost of Ethernet as a technology. Thus, the use of Ethernet in a metro network allows service providers to take advantage of volumes that a much larger enterprise segment commands. Carrier-Ethernet Transport (CET) usually involves an evolution of conventional Ethernet and comprises multiple technology components. <a href="/wiki/Provider_Backbone_Bridges" class="mw-redirect" title="Provider Backbone Bridges">Provider Backbone Bridges</a> (PBB) provides the scalability and a secure demarcation, while <a href="/wiki/Provider_Backbone_Bridge_Traffic_Engineering" title="Provider Backbone Bridge Traffic Engineering">Provider Backbone Bridge Traffic Engineering</a> (PBB-TE, commonly called PBT) provides for traffic-engineering and an effective transport for protected Ethernet services. <a href="/wiki/Operations,_administration_and_management" class="mw-redirect" title="Operations, administration and management">Connectivity-Fault Management (CFM-OAM)</a> provides the much-required OAM that makes Ethernet <a href="/wiki/Carrier_grade" title="Carrier grade">carrier grade</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Carrier_Ethernet_demarcation">Carrier Ethernet demarcation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carrier_Ethernet&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Carrier Ethernet demarcation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Carrier Ethernet demarcation is a key element in Carrier Ethernet services and transport networks for business, wholesale and mobile backhaul applications, as it enables service providers to extend their control over the entire service path, starting from the hand off points. This is achieved by connecting customer premises equipment (CPE) to the network with provider-owned demarcation devices that are deployed at customer locations, thereby enabling a clear separation between the user and provider networks. </p><p>Carrier Ethernet demarcation devices (EDD) are required to support services, such as <a href="/wiki/Ethernet_Private_Line" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethernet Private Line">Ethernet Private Line</a> (EPL), <a href="/wiki/Ethernet_Virtual_Private_Line" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethernet Virtual Private Line">Ethernet Virtual Private Line</a> (EVPL or E-LAN), and <a href="/wiki/Ethernet_Virtual_Private_Tree" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethernet Virtual Private Tree">Ethernet Virtual Private Tree</a> (E-Tree), as specified by the MEF. Such support needs to include <a href="/wiki/Service_level_agreement" class="mw-redirect" title="Service level agreement">service level agreement</a> (SLA) management capabilities, with consistent performance over fiber, DSL, bonded <a href="/wiki/Plesiochronous_digital_hierarchy" title="Plesiochronous digital hierarchy">PDH</a>, and SDH/SONET access lines. As a result, must-have Carrier Ethernet demarcation features include sophisticated traffic management and hierarchical <a href="/wiki/Quality_of_service" title="Quality of service">quality of service</a> (QoS) mechanisms, standard end-to-end <a href="/wiki/Operations,_administration_and_maintenance" class="mw-redirect" title="Operations, administration and maintenance">operations, administration and maintenance</a> (OAM) and performance monitoring, extensive fault management and diagnostics, and SDH/SONET-like resiliency to reduce service provider operating costs and capital expenses.<sup id="cite_ref-CE2_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CE2-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Carrier_Ethernet_technologies">Carrier Ethernet technologies</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carrier_Ethernet&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Carrier Ethernet technologies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The industry has made a concerted effort to resolve the limitations of Ethernet in the WAN described above, so as to allow the use of "native" Ethernet technologies by network providers.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2009)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The key roles have been played by the <a href="/wiki/Institute_of_Electrical_and_Electronics_Engineers" title="Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers">Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers</a> (IEEE) <a href="/wiki/802.1" class="mw-redirect" title="802.1">802.1</a> and <a href="/wiki/802.3" class="mw-redirect" title="802.3">802.3</a> standards committees. IEEE 802.1 has addressed the scalability and management issues in the standards for <a href="/wiki/Provider_Bridges" class="mw-redirect" title="Provider Bridges">Provider Bridges</a> (802.1ad) and <a href="/wiki/Provider_Backbone_Bridges" class="mw-redirect" title="Provider Backbone Bridges">Provider Backbone Bridges</a> (802.1ah). These standards allow for Ethernet networks of planetary scale.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2009)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Associated standards (<a href="/wiki/IEEE_802.1ag" title="IEEE 802.1ag">IEEE 802.1ag</a>, and related ITU-T standard Y.1731) provide Operations and Maintenance (OAM) capabilities allowing connectivity verification, rapid recovery, and performance measurement. Current work on PBB-TE (802.1Qay: Provider Backbone Bridging-Traffic Engineering) is allowing such an Ethernet to be controlled by an external control or management application (for example, a network management application or a transport control plane such as <a href="/wiki/GMPLS" class="mw-redirect" title="GMPLS">GMPLS</a> (IETF RFC 3945)), so as to allow the full range of traffic engineering policies and strategies to a network provider.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2009)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The IEEE <a href="/wiki/802.3" class="mw-redirect" title="802.3">802.3</a> Working Group in close cooperation with the <a href="/wiki/ITU" class="mw-redirect" title="ITU">ITU</a> have been working to simplify the transport of 40G and 100G technologies being developed by both bodies: 802.3 for LAN and ITU for the <a href="/wiki/Optical_Transport_Network" class="mw-redirect" title="Optical Transport Network">OTN</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Optical_Internetworking_Forum" title="Optical Internetworking Forum">OIF</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Ethernet_Alliance" title="Ethernet Alliance">Ethernet Alliance</a> have also been working cooperatively with their members to enable future enhancements to Ethernet for the WAN while looking to the future speed of Ethernet technologies and services. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carrier_Ethernet&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/10PASS-TS" class="mw-redirect" title="10PASS-TS">10PASS-TS</a> (Ethernet over <a href="/wiki/VDSL" title="VDSL">VDSL</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Connection-oriented_Ethernet" title="Connection-oriented Ethernet">Connection-oriented Ethernet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethernet_in_the_First_Mile" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethernet in the First Mile">Ethernet in the First Mile</a> (EFM)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEEE_802.1ad" title="IEEE 802.1ad">IEEE 802.1ad</a> VLAN stacking or Q-in-Q</li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEEE_802.1ah-2008" class="mw-redirect" title="IEEE 802.1ah-2008">IEEE 802.1ah-2008</a> Provider Backbone Bridges</li> <li><a href="/wiki/802.1AX" class="mw-redirect" title="802.1AX">IEEE 802.1AX</a> Link Aggregation</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metro_Ethernet" title="Metro Ethernet">Metro Ethernet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provider_Backbone_Bridge_Traffic_Engineering" title="Provider Backbone Bridge Traffic Engineering">Provider Backbone Bridge Traffic Engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provider_Backbone_Bridges" class="mw-redirect" title="Provider Backbone Bridges">Provider Backbone Bridges</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carrier_Ethernet&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-ab-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ab_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ieee802.org/3/ba/">"IEEE P802.3ba 40Gb/s and 100Gb/s Ethernet Task Force"</a>. <i>official web site</i>. IEEE 802. June 19, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 6,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=official+web+site&rft.atitle=IEEE+P802.3ba+40Gb%2Fs+and+100Gb%2Fs+Ethernet+Task+Force&rft.date=2010-06-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ieee802.org%2F3%2Fba%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACarrier+Ethernet" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">IEEE P802.3ba 40 Gb/s and 100 Gb/s Ethernet Task Force : <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://ieee802.org/3/ba/">http://ieee802.org/3/ba/</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">IEEE P802.3bg 40G SMF PMD for Carrier Client Task Force : <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.ieee802.org/3/40GSMF/">http://www.ieee802.org/3/40GSMF/</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ieee802.org/1/pages/avbridges.html">IEEE 802.1 Audio/Video Bridging</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MEF-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-MEF_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MEF_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150923004617/https://www.mef.net/carrier-ethernet-services/carrier-ethernet-and-ce-2-0">"Carrier Ethernet and CE 2.0"</a>. MEF. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mef.net/carrier-ethernet-services/carrier-ethernet-and-ce-2-0">the original</a> on 23 September 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 September</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Carrier+Ethernet+and+CE+2.0&rft.pub=MEF&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mef.net%2Fcarrier-ethernet-services%2Fcarrier-ethernet-and-ce-2-0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACarrier+Ethernet" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CE2-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CE2_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150923004617/https://www.mef.net/carrier-ethernet-services/carrier-ethernet-and-ce-2-0">"Carrier Ethernet & CE 2.0"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mef.net/carrier-ethernet-services/carrier-ethernet-and-ce-2-0">the original</a> on 2015-09-23.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Carrier+Ethernet+%26+CE+2.0&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mef.net%2Fcarrier-ethernet-services%2Fcarrier-ethernet-and-ce-2-0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACarrier+Ethernet" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carrier_Ethernet&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150923004617/https://www.mef.net/carrier-ethernet-services/carrier-ethernet-and-ce-2-0">Metro Ethernet Forum, Carrier Ethernet & CE 2.0</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150505142801/http://www.metroethernetforum.org/Assets/White_Papers/Metro-Ethernet-Services.pdf">"Metro Ethernet Services - A Technical Overview"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.metroethernetforum.org:80/Assets/White_Papers/Metro-Ethernet-Services.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2015-05-05.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Metro+Ethernet+Services+-+A+Technical+Overview&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.metroethernetforum.org%3A80%2FAssets%2FWhite_Papers%2FMetro-Ethernet-Services.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACarrier+Ethernet" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140430014457/http://metroethernetforum.org/Assets/White_Papers/CE_2-0_Ethernet_Access_Services_Paper_2013021_2013-10-21.pdf">"Carrier Ethernet 2.0"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://metroethernetforum.org/Assets/White_Papers/CE_2-0_Ethernet_Access_Services_Paper_2013021_2013-10-21.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2014-04-30.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Carrier+Ethernet+2.0&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmetroethernetforum.org%2FAssets%2FWhite_Papers%2FCE_2-0_Ethernet_Access_Services_Paper_2013021_2013-10-21.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACarrier+Ethernet" class="Z3988"></span> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1412 <a href="/wiki/KiB" class="mw-redirect" title="KiB">KiB</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130903070613/http://metroethernetforum.org/Assets/Technical_Specifications/PDF/MEF6-1.pdf">"MEF 6.1"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://metroethernetforum.org:80/Assets/Technical_Specifications/PDF/MEF6-1.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2013-09-03.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=MEF+6.1&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmetroethernetforum.org%3A80%2FAssets%2FTechnical_Specifications%2FPDF%2FMEF6-1.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACarrier+Ethernet" class="Z3988"></span> <span style="font-size:85%;">(472 <a href="/wiki/KiB" class="mw-redirect" title="KiB">KiB</a>)</span> - Metro Ethernet Services Definitions Phase 2)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140705104425/http://www.metroethernetforum.org/Assets/Technical_Specifications/PDF/MEF6.pdf">"MEF 6"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.metroethernetforum.org/Assets/Technical_Specifications/PDF/MEF6.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2014-07-05.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=MEF+6&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.metroethernetforum.org%2FAssets%2FTechnical_Specifications%2FPDF%2FMEF6.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACarrier+Ethernet" class="Z3988"></span> <span style="font-size:85%;">(472 <a href="/wiki/KiB" class="mw-redirect" title="KiB">KiB</a>)</span> - Metro Ethernet Services Definitions Phase I - superseded by MEF 6.1)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120729154532/http://metroethernetforum.org/PDF_Documents/MEF10-1.pdf">"MEF 10.1"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://metroethernetforum.org/PDF_Documents/MEF10-1.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2012-07-29.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=MEF+10.1&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmetroethernetforum.org%2FPDF_Documents%2FMEF10-1.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACarrier+Ethernet" class="Z3988"></span> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1720 <a href="/wiki/KiB" class="mw-redirect" title="KiB">KiB</a>)</span> - Ethernet Services Attributes Phase 2</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140430031057/http://metroethernetforum.org/Assets/Presentation/Carrier-Ethernet-Services-Overview-Reference-Presentation-R03-2011-11-15.pptx">Carrier Ethernet Services overview.pptx</a> <span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_PowerPoint" title="Microsoft PowerPoint"><img 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navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ethernet" title="Template:Ethernet"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ethernet" title="Template talk:Ethernet"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ethernet" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ethernet"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ethernet_family_of_local_area_network_technologies" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Ethernet" title="Ethernet">Ethernet</a> family of <a href="/wiki/Local_area_network" title="Local area network">local area network</a> technologies</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Speeds</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Classic_Ethernet" title="Classic Ethernet">10 Mbit/s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fast_Ethernet" title="Fast Ethernet">100 Mbit/s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gigabit_Ethernet" title="Gigabit Ethernet">1 Gbit/s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2.5GBASE-T_and_5GBASE-T" title="2.5GBASE-T and 5GBASE-T">2.5 and 5 Gbit/s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/10_Gigabit_Ethernet" title="10 Gigabit Ethernet">10 Gbit/s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/25_Gigabit_Ethernet" title="25 Gigabit Ethernet">25 and 50 Gbit/s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/100_Gigabit_Ethernet" title="100 Gigabit Ethernet">40 and 100 Gbit/s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terabit_Ethernet" title="Terabit Ethernet">200, 400, 800 and 1600 Gbit/s</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ethernet_physical_layer" title="Ethernet physical layer">Physical layer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autonegotiation" title="Autonegotiation">Autonegotiation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EtherType" title="EtherType">EtherType</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethernet_flow_control" title="Ethernet flow control">Flow control</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethernet_frame" title="Ethernet frame">Frames</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jumbo_frame" title="Jumbo frame">Jumbos</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IEEE_802.3" title="IEEE 802.3">IEEE 802.3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethernet_Alliance" title="Ethernet Alliance">Ethernet Alliance</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ethernet_over_fiber" title="Ethernet over fiber">Fiber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethernet_over_twisted_pair" title="Ethernet over twisted pair">Twisted pair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethernet_over_coax" title="Ethernet over coax">Coaxial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethernet_in_the_first_mile" title="Ethernet in the first mile">First mile</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/10G-EPON" title="10G-EPON">10G-EPON</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carrier-sense_multiple_access_with_collision_detection" title="Carrier-sense multiple access with collision detection">CSMA/CD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/StarLAN" title="StarLAN">StarLAN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/10BROAD36" title="10BROAD36">10BROAD36</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/10BASE-FB" class="mw-redirect" title="10BASE-FB">10BASE-FB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/10BASE-FL" class="mw-redirect" title="10BASE-FL">10BASE-FL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/10BASE5" title="10BASE5">10BASE5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/10BASE2" title="10BASE2">10BASE2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medium_Attachment_Unit" title="Medium Attachment Unit">MAU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiber-optic_inter-repeater_link" class="mw-redirect" title="Fiber-optic inter-repeater link">FOIRL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/100BaseVG" title="100BaseVG">100BaseVG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LattisNet" title="LattisNet">LattisNet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_Reach_Ethernet" title="Long Reach Ethernet">Long Reach</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Applications</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Audio_over_Ethernet" title="Audio over Ethernet">Audio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_Ethernet" class="mw-redirect" title="Automotive Ethernet">Automotive</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Carrier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Data_center_bridging" title="Data center bridging">Data center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy-Efficient_Ethernet" title="Energy-Efficient Ethernet">Energy Efficiency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_Ethernet" title="Industrial Ethernet">Industrial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metro_Ethernet" title="Metro Ethernet">Metro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_over_Ethernet" title="Power over Ethernet">Power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synchronous_Ethernet" title="Synchronous Ethernet">Synchronous</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Transceiver" title="Transceiver">Transceivers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gigabit_interface_converter" title="Gigabit interface converter">GBIC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Small_Form-factor_Pluggable" title="Small Form-factor Pluggable">SFP/SFP+/QSFP/QSFP+/OSFP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XENPAK" title="XENPAK">XENPAK</a>/<a href="/wiki/X2_transceiver" title="X2 transceiver">X2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XFP_transceiver" title="XFP transceiver">XFP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C_form-factor_pluggable" title="C form-factor pluggable">CFP</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Interfaces</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Attachment_Unit_Interface" title="Attachment Unit Interface">AUI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EAD_socket" title="EAD socket">EAD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medium-dependent_interface" title="Medium-dependent interface">MDI</a></li> <li><a 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