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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">skuif na kantbalk</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">versteek</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigasie </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Tuisblad" title="Besoek die Tuisblad [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Tuisblad</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Gebruikersportaal" title="Meer oor die projek, wat jy kan doen, nuttige skakels"><span>Gebruikersportaal</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Geselshoekie" title="Agtergrondinligting oor aktuele sake"><span>Geselshoekie</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Onlangse_wysigings" title="'n Lys van onlangse wysigings [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Onlangse wysigings</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Lukraak" title="Laai 'n lukrake bladsye [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Lukrake bladsy</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Contents" title="Vind meer uit oor iets"><span>Hulp</span></a></li><li id="n-Sandput" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Sandput"><span>Sandput</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Tuisblad" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img 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class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Voorkoms"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Voorkoms" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Voorkoms</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_af.wikipedia.org&uselang=af" class=""><span>Skenkings</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:SkepRekening&returnto=Gaskons" title="U word aangemoedig om 'n gebruiker te skep en aan te meld, hoewel dit nie verpligtend is nie." class=""><span>Skep gebruiker</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:Teken_in&returnto=Gaskons" title="U word aangemoedig om aan te meld. Dit is egter nie verpligtend nie. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Meld aan</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Meer opsies" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Persoonlike gereedskap" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Persoonlike gereedskap</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_af.wikipedia.org&uselang=af"><span>Skenkings</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:SkepRekening&returnto=Gaskons" title="U word aangemoedig om 'n gebruiker te skep en aan te meld, hoewel dit nie verpligtend is nie."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Skep gebruiker</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:Teken_in&returnto=Gaskons" title="U word aangemoedig om aan te meld. Dit is egter nie verpligtend nie. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Meld aan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Bladsye vir uitgemelde redakteurs <a href="/wiki/Hulp:Inleiding" aria-label="Leer meer oor redigering"><span>leer meer</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Mybydrae" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Bydraes</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Mybespreking" title="Bespreking oor bydraes van hierdie IP-adres [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Bespreking</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Werf"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Inhoud" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Inhoud</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">skuif na kantbalk</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">versteek</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inleiding</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Naam_en_Herkoms" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Naam_en_Herkoms"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Naam en Herkoms</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Naam_en_Herkoms-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gebruik_van_die_taal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gebruik_van_die_taal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Gebruik van die taal</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gebruik_van_die_taal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Subdialekte" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Subdialekte"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Subdialekte</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Subdialekte-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gaskons_se_invloed_op_ander_tale" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gaskons_se_invloed_op_ander_tale"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Gaskons se invloed op ander tale</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gaskons_se_invloed_op_ander_tale-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Verwysings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Verwysings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Verwysings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Verwysings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Inhoud" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Wissel die inhoudsopgawe" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Wissel die inhoudsopgawe</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Gaskons</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gaan na 'n artikel in 'n ander taal. Beskikbaar in 45 tale" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-45" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">45 tale</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dialek_Gascon" title="Dialek Gascon – Atsjenees" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Dialek Gascon" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="Atsjenees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaskonische_Sprache" title="Gaskonische Sprache – Switserse Duits" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Gaskonische Sprache" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Switserse Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occit%C3%A1n_gasc%C3%B3n" title="Occitán gascón – Aragonees" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Occitán gascón" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gasc%C3%B3n" title="Gascón – Asturies" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Gascón" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qaskon_dili" title="Qaskon dili – Azerbeidjans" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Qaskon dili" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbeidjans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Гасконская мова – Belarussies" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Гасконская мова" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarussies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gwaskoneg" title="Gwaskoneg – Bretons" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Gwaskoneg" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Bretons" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occit%C3%A0_gasc%C3%B3" title="Occità gascó – Katalaans" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Occità gascó" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gwasgwyneg" title="Gwasgwyneg – Wallies" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Gwasgwyneg" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Wallies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaskognische_Sprache" title="Gaskognische Sprache – Duits" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Gaskognische Sprache" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaskonki" title="Gaskonki – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Gaskonki" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gascon_dialect" title="Gascon dialect – Engels" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Gascon dialect" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaskona_lingvo" title="Gaskona lingvo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Gaskona lingvo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gasc%C3%B3n_(occitano)" title="Gascón (occitano) – Spaans" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Gascón (occitano)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaskoi_okzitaniera" title="Gaskoi okzitaniera – Baskies" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Gaskoi okzitaniera" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gasc%C3%B3n" title="Gascón – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Gascón" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86_%DA%AF%D8%A7%D8%B3%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%86" title="زبان گاسکون – Persies" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="زبان گاسکون" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gascon" title="Gascon – Frans" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Gascon" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Frans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gascon" title="Gascon – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Gascon" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gasc%C3%B3n" title="Gascón – Galisies" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Gascón" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galisies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaskonjski_dijalekt" title="Gaskonjski dijalekt – Kroaties" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Gaskonjski dijalekt" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroaties" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Gaskon" title="Bahasa Gaskon – Indonesies" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bahasa Gaskon" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaskoniana_linguo" title="Gaskoniana linguo – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Gaskoniana linguo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dialetto_guascone" title="Dialetto guascone – Italiaans" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Dialetto guascone" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AC%E3%82%B9%E3%82%B3%E3%83%BC%E3%83%8B%E3%83%A5%E8%AA%9E" title="ガスコーニュ語 – Japannees" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ガスコーニュ語" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japannees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kigasuku" title="Kigasuku – Kongolees" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Kigasuku" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="Kongolees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%96" title="Гаскон тілі – Kazaks" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Гаскон тілі" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazaks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B0%80%EC%8A%A4%EC%BD%94%EB%89%B4_%EB%B0%A9%EC%96%B8" title="가스코뉴 방언 – Koreaans" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="가스코뉴 방언" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Koreaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaskoynek" title="Gaskoynek – Kornies" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Gaskoynek" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Kornies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dialett_guascon" title="Dialett guascon – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Dialett guascon" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaskonie%C5%A1u_valoda" title="Gaskoniešu valoda – Letties" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Gaskoniešu valoda" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Letties" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gascons" title="Gascons – Nederlands" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Gascons" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Nederlands" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gascon" title="Gascon – Oksitaans" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Gascon" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Oksitaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dialekt_gasko%C5%84ski" title="Dialekt gaskoński – Pools" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Dialekt gaskoński" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Pools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenga_gascon-a" title="Lenga gascon-a – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Lenga gascon-a" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occitano_gasc%C3%A3o" title="Occitano gascão – Portugees" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Occitano gascão" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA" title="Гасконский язык – Russies" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Гасконский язык" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gascon_language" title="Gascon language – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Gascon language" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaskon" title="Gaskon – Albanees" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Gaskon" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%8D" title="ภาษากัสกอญ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ภาษากัสกอญ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaskonca" title="Gaskonca – Turks" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Gaskonca" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Гасконська мова – Oekraïens" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Гасконська мова" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Oekraïens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vascon" title="Vascon – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Vascon" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ti%E1%BA%BFng_Gascon" title="Tiếng Gascon – Viëtnamees" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tiếng Gascon" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Viëtnamees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E6%96%AF%E7%A7%91%E6%B6%85%E8%AF%AD" title="加斯科涅语 – Chinees" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="加斯科涅语" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q35735#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Wysig skakels tussen tale" class="wbc-editpage">Wysig skakels</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Naamruimtes"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Gaskons" title="Bekyk die inhoudbladsy [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Bladsy</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Bespreking:Gaskons" rel="discussion" title="Bespreking oor die inhoudbladsy [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Bespreking</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Verander taalvariant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Afrikaans</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Weergawes"> <div 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class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Voorkoms"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Voorkoms</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">skuif na kantbalk</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">versteek</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">in Wikipedia, die vrye ensiklopedie</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="af" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox" style="width:22em; margin-top:0.75em; background:#f4f4f4; text-align:left; font-size:90%;" cellpadding="2"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="text-align: center; font-size:120%; color: black; background-color: #ACE1AF;">Gaskons <br />gascon </th></tr> <tr> <td style="padding-left: 0.5em;">Gepraat in: </td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.5em;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Flag_of_France.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Frankryk"><img alt="Vlag van Frankryk" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/22px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/33px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/44px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Frankryk" title="Frankryk">Frankryk</a><br /><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Flag_of_Spain.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Spanje"><img alt="Vlag van Spanje" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/22px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/33px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/44px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Spanje" title="Spanje">Spanje</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding-left: 0.5em;">Totale sprekers: </td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.5em;">250 000 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding-left: 0.5em;"><a href="/wiki/Taalfamilie" title="Taalfamilie">Taalfamilie</a>: </td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.5em; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Indo-Europese_tale" title="Indo-Europese tale">Indo-Europees</a><br /><span style="font-size:66%;"> </span><a href="/wiki/Romaanse_tale" title="Romaanse tale">Romaans</a><br /><span style="font-size:66%;">  </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wes-Romaanse_tale&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wes-Romaanse tale (bladsy bestaan nie)">Wes-Romaans</a><br /><span style="font-size:66%;">   </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Galloiberies&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Galloiberies (bladsy bestaan nie)">Galloiberies</a><br /><span style="font-size:66%;">    </span><a href="/wiki/Galloromaans" title="Galloromaans">Galloromaans</a><br /><span style="font-size:66%;">     </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oksitaans-Romaans&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oksitaans-Romaans (bladsy bestaan nie)">Oksitaans-Romaans</a><br /><span style="font-size:66%;">      </span><a href="/wiki/Oksitaans" title="Oksitaans">Oksitaans</a><br /><span style="font-size:66%;">       </span><b>Gaskons</b>  </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding-left: 0.5em;">Skrifstelsel: </td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.5em;"><a href="/wiki/Latynse_alfabet" title="Latynse alfabet">Latynse alfabet</a>  </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="text-align: center; color: black; background-color: #ACE1AF;">Amptelike status </th></tr> <tr> <td style="padding-left: 0.5em;">Amptelike taal in: </td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.5em;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding-left: 0.5em;">Gereguleer deur: </td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.5em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Congr%C3%A8s_Permanent_de_la_Lenga_Occitana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Congrès Permanent de la Lenga Occitana (bladsy bestaan nie)">Congrès Permanent de la Lenga Occitana</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="text-align: center; color: black; background-color: #ACE1AF;">Taalkodes </th></tr> <tr> <td style="padding-left: 0.5em;"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-1" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 639-1">ISO 639-1</a>: </td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.5em;"><code>oc</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding-left: 0.5em;"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-2" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 639-2">ISO 639-2</a>: </td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.5em;"><code>oci</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding-left: 0.5em;"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-3" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 639-3">ISO 639-3</a>: </td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.5em;"><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=oci">oci</a></code>  </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="padding: 0; vertical-align: middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Los_dialectes_de_l%27occitan.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Dialekte van Oksitaans"><img alt="Dialekte van Oksitaans" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Los_dialectes_de_l%27occitan.jpg/250px-Los_dialectes_de_l%27occitan.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Los_dialectes_de_l%27occitan.jpg/375px-Los_dialectes_de_l%27occitan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Los_dialectes_de_l%27occitan.jpg/500px-Los_dialectes_de_l%27occitan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="799" data-file-height="512" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" class="boilerplate metadata" style="line-height:10pt; padding:0.5em;"><small><b>Nota</b>: Hierdie bladsy kan IFA fonetiese simbole in Unicode bevat. </small> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Gaskons</b> (Frans: <i>Gascon</i> <span title="Hierdie uitspraak is in die Internasionale Fonetiese Alfabet geskryf." class="IPA" style="white-space: nowrap; font-family:'Doulos SIL', 'Code2000', 'Chrysanthi Unicode', 'Gentium', 'GentiumAlt', 'TITUS Cyberbit Basic', 'Bitstream Vera', 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Bitstream Cyberbit', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', 'Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro'; font-family :inherit; text-decoration: none!important"><a href="/wiki/Internasionale_Fonetiese_Alfabet" title="Internasionale Fonetiese Alfabet">[gaskɔ̃]</a></span>) is 'n dialek van die <a href="/wiki/Oksitaans" title="Oksitaans">Oksitaanse</a> taal wat hoofsaaklik in die suidweste van <a href="/wiki/Frankryk" title="Frankryk">Frankryk</a> in die historiese provinsies <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gaskonje&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gaskonje (bladsy bestaan nie)">Gaskonje</a> en <a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9arn" title="Béarn">Béarn</a> gepraat word. Slegs <a href="/wiki/Aranees" title="Aranees">Aranees</a>, 'n suidelike Gaskonse dialek, word in <a href="/wiki/Spanje" title="Spanje">Spanje</a> gepraat. Aranees is aansienlik deur <a href="/wiki/Katalaans" title="Katalaans">Katalaans</a> en <a href="/wiki/Aragonees" title="Aragonees">Aragonees</a> beïnvloed. Die invloed onderskei dit van die dialekte van Gaskonje wat in Frankryk gepraat word. Aranees is mede-amptelik met Spaans en Katalaans in die <a href="/w/index.php?title=Val_d%27Aran&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Val d'Aran (bladsy bestaan nie)">Val d'Aran</a>. </p><p>In Frankryk word Gaskons spesifiek in die volgende <i><a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9partement" title="Département">départements</a></i> gepraat: 'n deel van <a href="/wiki/Pyr%C3%A9n%C3%A9es-Atlantiques" title="Pyrénées-Atlantiques">Pyrénées-Atlantiques</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hautes-Pyr%C3%A9n%C3%A9es" title="Hautes-Pyrénées">Hautes-Pyrénées</a>, <a href="/wiki/Landes" title="Landes">Landes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gers" title="Gers">Gers</a>, die grootste deel van <a href="/wiki/Gironde" title="Gironde">Gironde</a>, 'n deel van <a href="/wiki/Lot-et-Garonne" title="Lot-et-Garonne">Lot-et-Garonne</a>, 'n deel van <a href="/wiki/Haute-Garonne" title="Haute-Garonne">Haute-Garonne</a>, en 'n deel van <a href="/wiki/Ari%C3%A8ge" title="Ariège">Ariège</a>; en in die klein <a href="/wiki/Spanje" title="Spanje">Spaanse</a> vallei <a href="/w/index.php?title=Val_d%27Aran&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Val d'Aran (bladsy bestaan nie)">Val d'Aran</a>, in die noordweste van <a href="/wiki/Kataloni%C3%AB" title="Katalonië">Katalonië</a>. Wêreldwyd word dit deur 253 814 mense gepraat. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Naam_en_Herkoms">Naam en Herkoms</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gaskons&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Wysig afdeling: Naam en Herkoms" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gaskons&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Naam en Herkoms"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:GasconCarte.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/GasconCarte.png/350px-GasconCarte.png" decoding="async" width="350" height="371" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/84/GasconCarte.png 1.5x" data-file-width="484" data-file-height="513" /></a><figcaption>Kaart van die Gaskonse taalgebied met byskrifte in Frans en Gaskons</figcaption></figure> <p>Die woord <i>gascon</i> het die dieselfde etimologiese herkoms as die buurtaal <a href="/wiki/Baskies" title="Baskies">Baskies</a> (Gaskons: <i>basc</i>, <a href="/wiki/Frans" title="Frans">Frans</a>: <i>basque</i>, <a href="/wiki/Spaans" title="Spaans">Spaans</a>: <i>vasco</i> van die <a href="/wiki/Latyn" title="Latyn">Latynse</a> stam <i>vasco</i>/<i>vasconem</i>). Dit is 'n Galloromaanse uitspraakvariant van die <a href="/wiki/Germaanse_tale" title="Germaanse tale">Germaanse</a> woord <i>waskon</i>. Dit is omstrede of Gaskons 'n taal in eie reg is, of 'n dialek van <a href="/wiki/Oksitaans" title="Oksitaans">Oksitaans</a> is. Meeste taalkundiges meen dat Gaskons deel van die Oksitaans spraakwêreld is; 'n minderheid beskou dit egter as 'n aparte taal. Gaskons vertoon in elk geval eiesoortige fonetiese, sintaktiese en leksikale eienskappe wat dit van die ander Oksitaanse dialekte onderskei. Dit word gedeeltelik verklaar deur die bestaan van 'n Akwitaanse of Baskiese substraat: Voor die romanisering is Akwitaans, wat na aan Baskies was, in Gaskonje gepraat. Later sou Baskies self die substraat werking oorneem.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>'n Tipiese Gaskonse eienskap wat moontlik deur die substraat veroorsaak is, is die sogenaamde '"f" na "h" klankverskuiwing.' Waar 'n woord oorspronklik in <a href="/wiki/Latyn" title="Latyn">Latyn</a> met <span title="Hierdie uitspraak is in die Internasionale Fonetiese Alfabet geskryf." class="IPA" style="white-space: nowrap; font-family:'Doulos SIL', 'Code2000', 'Chrysanthi Unicode', 'Gentium', 'GentiumAlt', 'TITUS Cyberbit Basic', 'Bitstream Vera', 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Bitstream Cyberbit', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', 'Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro'; font-family :inherit; text-decoration: none!important"><a href="/wiki/Internasionale_Fonetiese_Alfabet" title="Internasionale Fonetiese Alfabet">[f]</a></span> begin het, soos <i>festa</i> 'party/fees,' het die klank verswak na die geaspireerde <span title="Hierdie uitspraak is in die Internasionale Fonetiese Alfabet geskryf." class="IPA" style="white-space: nowrap; font-family:'Doulos SIL', 'Code2000', 'Chrysanthi Unicode', 'Gentium', 'GentiumAlt', 'TITUS Cyberbit Basic', 'Bitstream Vera', 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Bitstream Cyberbit', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', 'Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro'; font-family :inherit; text-decoration: none!important"><a href="/wiki/Internasionale_Fonetiese_Alfabet" title="Internasionale Fonetiese Alfabet">[h]</a></span> en het dit in sommige gebiede heeltemal verdwyn. Volgens die substraatteorie is dit as gevolg van die Baskiese taal se gebrek aan 'n ekwivalent vir die <span title="Hierdie uitspraak is in die Internasionale Fonetiese Alfabet geskryf." class="IPA" style="white-space: nowrap; font-family:'Doulos SIL', 'Code2000', 'Chrysanthi Unicode', 'Gentium', 'GentiumAlt', 'TITUS Cyberbit Basic', 'Bitstream Vera', 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Bitstream Cyberbit', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', 'Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro'; font-family :inherit; text-decoration: none!important"><a href="/wiki/Internasionale_Fonetiese_Alfabet" title="Internasionale Fonetiese Alfabet">/f/</a></span> <a href="/wiki/Foneem" title="Foneem">foneem</a>. Dus het ons Gaskons <i>hèsta</i> <span title="Hierdie uitspraak is in die Internasionale Fonetiese Alfabet geskryf." class="IPA" style="white-space: nowrap; font-family:'Doulos SIL', 'Code2000', 'Chrysanthi Unicode', 'Gentium', 'GentiumAlt', 'TITUS Cyberbit Basic', 'Bitstream Vera', 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Bitstream Cyberbit', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', 'Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro'; font-family :inherit; text-decoration: none!important"><a href="/wiki/Internasionale_Fonetiese_Alfabet" title="Internasionale Fonetiese Alfabet">[ˈhɛsto]</a></span> of <span title="Hierdie uitspraak is in die Internasionale Fonetiese Alfabet geskryf." class="IPA" style="white-space: nowrap; font-family:'Doulos SIL', 'Code2000', 'Chrysanthi Unicode', 'Gentium', 'GentiumAlt', 'TITUS Cyberbit Basic', 'Bitstream Vera', 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Bitstream Cyberbit', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', 'Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro'; font-family :inherit; text-decoration: none!important"><a href="/wiki/Internasionale_Fonetiese_Alfabet" title="Internasionale Fonetiese Alfabet">[ˈɛsto]</a></span>. 'n Soortgelyke verandering het in <a href="/wiki/Spaans" title="Spaans">Spaans</a> plaasgevind; Spaans het in Kantabrië ontstaan waar daar ook Baskiese sprekers was en kon dus ook op 'n Baskiese substraat ontwikkel het. Die Latynse <i>facere</i> gee die Spaanse <i>hacer</i> <span title="Hierdie uitspraak is in die Internasionale Fonetiese Alfabet geskryf." class="IPA" style="white-space: nowrap; font-family:'Doulos SIL', 'Code2000', 'Chrysanthi Unicode', 'Gentium', 'GentiumAlt', 'TITUS Cyberbit Basic', 'Bitstream Vera', 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Bitstream Cyberbit', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', 'Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro'; font-family :inherit; text-decoration: none!important"><a href="/wiki/Internasionale_Fonetiese_Alfabet" title="Internasionale Fonetiese Alfabet">[aˈθɛɾ]</a></span> (of, in sommige verafgeleë gebiede, veral in suidwestelike <a href="/wiki/Andalusi%C3%AB" title="Andalusië">Andalusië</a>, <span title="Hierdie uitspraak is in die Internasionale Fonetiese Alfabet geskryf." class="IPA" style="white-space: nowrap; font-family:'Doulos SIL', 'Code2000', 'Chrysanthi Unicode', 'Gentium', 'GentiumAlt', 'TITUS Cyberbit Basic', 'Bitstream Vera', 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Bitstream Cyberbit', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', 'Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro'; font-family :inherit; text-decoration: none!important"><a href="/wiki/Internasionale_Fonetiese_Alfabet" title="Internasionale Fonetiese Alfabet">[haˈθɛɾ]</a></span>). </p><p>Die geloofwaardigheid van die Baskiese substraat teorie word egter deur taalkundiges in twyfel getrek en baie van hulle vors verduidelikings binne die taal self na om hierdie en ander afwykings te verduidelik. Die feit dat die besondere verandering in beide Gaskons en Spaans voorkom, wat beide in oorspronklik Baskiessprekende gebied ontwikkel het, kan bloot toevallig wees. </p><p>Moderne Baskies is weer leksikaal deur Gaskons beïnvloed soos gesien kan word in woorde soos <i>beira</i> ("glas"), <i>polit</i> ("mooi", Gaskons <i>polido</i>/<i>polida</i>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gebruik_van_die_taal">Gebruik van die taal</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gaskons&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Wysig afdeling: Gebruik van die taal" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gaskons&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Gebruik van die taal"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>'n Opname wat in <a href="/wiki/1982" title="1982">1982</a> in Béarn gedoen is het aangedui dat 51% van die bevolking Gaskons gepraat het, 70% dit verstaan het en 85% ten gunste van beskerming van die taal was. Gebruik van die taal het egter dramaties afgeneem in onlangse jare aangesien Gaskons selde oorgedra word na jonger generasies. Die algemene term wat gebruik word om na Gaskons te verwys is "patois", 'n woord wat in Frankryk na 'n nie-amptelike dialek verwys, waaraan slegs lae status toegeken word. Hoofsaaklik in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bearn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bearn (bladsy bestaan nie)">Bearn</a>, wat van <a href="/wiki/1347" title="1347">1347</a> tot <a href="/wiki/1620" title="1620">1620</a> 'n soewereine staat was, gebruik die plaaslike bevolking die woord "Béarnais" om na vorms van Gaskons te verwys. Béarnais word dus na aanleiding van geskiedkundig politieke eerder as taalkundige oorweginge. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Subdialekte">Subdialekte</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gaskons&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Wysig afdeling: Subdialekte" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gaskons&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Subdialekte"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Volgens Achille Luchaire, 'n Fraanse geskiedkundige en filoloog, word Gaskons in die volgende dialekte opverdeel: </p> <ul><li>Béarnais, wat in Béarn gepraat word. Dit het die subdialekte van Bas-Navarrais, Bas-Béarnais en Haut-Béarnais.</li> <li>Bigourdan, wat in Hautes-Pyrénées gepraat word.</li> <li>Armagnacais, wat in Gers gepraat word.</li> <li>Commingeois, wat in Wes-Ariège en Haut-Garonne gepraat word. Dit het die subdialekte van Haut-Commingeois, Bas-Commingeois, Haut-Couseranais en Haut-Couseranais.</li> <li>Girondin, wat in Gironde gepraat word. Dit het die subdialekte van Agenais, Bordelais, Bazadais, Medoquin en Etre-Deux-Mers.</li> <li>Landais, wat in Landes gepraat <sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gaskons_se_invloed_op_ander_tale">Gaskons se invloed op ander tale</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gaskons&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Wysig afdeling: Gaskons se invloed op ander tale" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gaskons&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Gaskons se invloed op ander tale"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Daar is ten minste twee Afrikaanse woorde wat moontlik 'n Gaskonse oorsprong het: </p> <dl><dt>kadet</dt> <dd></dd></dl> <p>Deur Nederlands (<i>cadet</i>) en Frans (<i>cadet</i>) uit Gaskons <i>capdet</i> ('hoof, kaptein') wat weer deur <a href="/wiki/Provensaals" title="Provensaals">Provensaals</a> (<i>capdel</i>) uit <a href="/wiki/Latyn" title="Latyn">Latyn</a> (<i>capitellus</i> verkleinwoord van <i>caput</i> 'hoofd'..<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-OnEDcadet_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OnEDcadet-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dt>baret</dt> <dd>van Bearnaise Frans <i>béret</i> en Gaskons <i>berret</i> "pet".<sup id="cite_ref-OnEDberet_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OnEDberet-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <p><a href="/wiki/Frans" title="Frans">Franse</a> woorde uit Gaskons, wat intussen ook in ander tale opgeneem is, sluit in <i><a href="/wiki/Barrique" title="Barrique">Barrique</a></i> (wynvat) en cèpe (boletus sampioene).<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gascon en ander streeks tale is in die tyd van Rabelais gesien as bronne van veryking van die Franse taal en die <a href="/wiki/Renaissance" title="Renaissance">renaissance</a> filosoof en politikus Michel de Montaigne spreek hom so oor die taal uit: <i>”que le gascon y aille si le français ne peut y aller”</i> (laat ons dit in Gaskons sê as ons dit nie in Frans kan sê nie).<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Taalkontak met Baskies lei ook tot veral tot leksikale verlening, die gebruik van leenwoorde, maar ook fonologiese en morfosintaktiese veranderings in Baskies.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Verwysings">Verwysings</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gaskons&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Wysig afdeling: Verwysings" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gaskons&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Verwysings"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2205490">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:9px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:9px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:9px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:12px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120127053323/http://aquitaine.fr/salle-de-presse/communiques-de-presse/congres-permanent-de-la-langue-occitane/congres-permanent-de-la-lenga-occitana-un-nouvel-organisme-de-regulation-de-l-occitan-au-service-des-usagers-et-des-locuteurs.html">"<i>Congrès permanent de la langue occitane / Congrès permanent de la lenga occitana – Un nouvel organisme de régulation de l'occitan au service des usagers et des locuteurs</i>"</a>. Geargiveer vanaf <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aquitaine.fr/salle-de-presse/communiques-de-presse/congres-permanent-de-la-langue-occitane/congres-permanent-de-la-lenga-occitana-un-nouvel-organisme-de-regulation-de-l-occitan-au-service-des-usagers-et-des-locuteurs.html">die oorspronklike</a> op 27 Januarie 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">15 April</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Congr%C3%A8s+permanent+de+la+langue+occitane+%2F+Congr%C3%A8s+permanent+de+la+lenga+occitana+%E2%80%93+Un+nouvel+organisme+de+r%C3%A9gulation+de+l%E2%80%99occitan+au+service+des+usagers+et+des+locuteurs&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Faquitaine.fr%2Fsalle-de-presse%2Fcommuniques-de-presse%2Fcongres-permanent-de-la-langue-occitane%2Fcongres-permanent-de-la-lenga-occitana-un-nouvel-organisme-de-regulation-de-l-occitan-au-service-des-usagers-et-des-locuteurs.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AGaskons" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Martin Haase, <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.martinhaase.de/buske.html">Sprachkontakt und Sprachwandel im Baskenland: Die Einflusse des Gaskognischen und Französischen auf das Baskische</a></i>, Hamburg: Buske. Pp.: 194</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFLuchaire" class="citation book cs1">Luchaire, Denis Jean Achille. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/tudessurlesidio00luchgoog/page/n7/mode/1up"><i>Études sur les idiomes pyrénéens de la région française</i></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%C3%89tudes+sur+les+idiomes+pyr%C3%A9n%C3%A9ens+de+la+r%C3%A9gion+fran%C3%A7aise&rft.aulast=Luchaire&rft.aufirst=Denis+Jean+Achille&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ftudessurlesidio00luchgoog%2Fpage%2Fn7%2Fmode%2F1up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AGaskons" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.etymologie.nl/">Etymologisch Woordenboek van het Nederlands</a>, <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.etymologie.nl/cgi/b/bib/bib-idx?c=ewn;cc=ewn;sid=bf3ff2a7f2077ba5288639e5e446f462;type=simple;fmt=long;rgn1=Trefwoord;q1=cadet">cadet</a></i>, besoek op 17 Maart 2007></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-OnEDcadet-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-OnEDcadet_5-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=cadet">cadet</a> in die Online Etymology Dictionary.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-OnEDberet-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-OnEDberet_6-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=beret">beret</a> in die Online Etymology Dictionary.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Henriette Walter, French – An Accommodating Language:The Chronology, Typology and Dynamics of Borrowing</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Michel KELLE, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.amopa.asso.fr/diversite_principale.htm">DIVERSITÉ ET UNITÉ DE LA LANGUE FRANÇAISE</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070628215001/http://www.amopa.asso.fr/diversite_principale.htm">Geargiveer</a> 28 Junie 2007 op <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, besoek op 18 Maart 2007</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Martin Haase, <i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://membres.lycos.fr/simorre/oc/gascon.html">BASQUE AND GASCON LANGUAGE CONTACT</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070515001809/http://membres.lycos.fr/simorre/oc/gascon.html">Geargiveer</a> 15 Mei 2007 op <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></i>, besoek op 18 Maart 2007</span> </li> </ol></div> <p><br clear="all" /> </p> <table class="toccolours" style="clear: both;" width="100%" align="center"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="background: #ccccff;"><a href="/wiki/Indo-Europese_tale" title="Indo-Europese tale">Indo-Europese tale</a>: <a href="/wiki/Kentum-tale" title="Kentum-tale">Kentum-tale</a>: <i><b><a href="/wiki/Italiese_tale" title="Italiese tale">Italiese tale</a></b></i> </th></tr> <tr> <th style="background: #ddddff;"><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Italiese_groep&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Italiese groep (bladsy bestaan nie)">Italiese groep</a></b> </th> <td style="font-size: 90%;"><a href="/wiki/Oskies" title="Oskies">Oskies</a> | <a href="/wiki/Umbries" title="Umbries">Umbries</a> | <a href="/wiki/Faliskies" title="Faliskies">Faliskies</a> | <a href="/wiki/Latyn" title="Latyn">Latyn</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="background: #ccccff;"><a href="/wiki/Romaanse_tale" title="Romaanse tale">Romaanse tale</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th style="background: #ddddff;"><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iberoromaans&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Iberoromaans (bladsy bestaan nie)">Iberoromaans</a></b> </th> <td style="font-size: 90%;"><a href="/wiki/Aragonees" title="Aragonees">Aragonees</a> | <a href="/wiki/Asturies" title="Asturies">Asturies</a> | <a href="/wiki/Galicies" title="Galicies">Galicies</a> | <a href="/wiki/Katalaans" title="Katalaans">Katalaans</a> | <a href="/wiki/Ladino" title="Ladino">Ladino</a> | <a href="/wiki/Leonees" title="Leonees">Leonees</a> | <a href="/wiki/Portugees" title="Portugees">Portugees</a> | <a href="/wiki/Spaans" title="Spaans">Spaans</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background: #ddddff;"><b><a href="/wiki/Galloromaans" title="Galloromaans">Galloromaans</a></b> </th> <td style="font-size: 90%;"><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Langues_d%27oil&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Langues d'oil (bladsy bestaan nie)">Langues d'oil</a>:</b> <a href="/wiki/Frans" title="Frans">Frans</a> | <a href="/wiki/Gallo" title="Gallo">Gallo</a> | <a href="/wiki/Lorreins" title="Lorreins">Lorreins</a> | <a href="/wiki/Normandies" title="Normandies">Normandies</a> (<small><a href="/wiki/Auregnais" title="Auregnais">Auregnais</a> | <a href="/wiki/Guern%C3%A9siais" title="Guernésiais">Guernésiais</a> | <a href="/wiki/J%C3%A8rriais" title="Jèrriais">Jèrriais</a> | <a href="/wiki/Sercquiais" title="Sercquiais">Sercquiais</a></small>) <a href="/wiki/Pikardies" title="Pikardies">Pikardies</a> | <a href="/wiki/Champenois" title="Champenois">Champenois</a> | <a href="/wiki/Waals" title="Waals">Waals</a> | <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Normandies" title="Anglo-Normandies">Anglo-Normandies</a><br /><b><a href="/wiki/Oksitaans" title="Oksitaans">Oksitaans</a>:</b> <a href="/wiki/Aranees" title="Aranees">Aranees</a> | <a href="/wiki/Auvergnat" title="Auvergnat">Auvergnat</a> | <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Gaskons</a> | <a href="/wiki/Languedokies" title="Languedokies">Languedokies</a> | <a href="/wiki/Limousin_(dialek)" title="Limousin (dialek)">Limousin</a> | <a href="/wiki/Provensaals" title="Provensaals">Provensaals</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Arpitaans" title="Arpitaans">Frankoprovensaals</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background: #ddddff;"><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Galloitalies&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Galloitalies (bladsy bestaan nie)">Galloitalies</a></b> </th> <td style="font-size: 90%;"><a href="/wiki/Lombardies" title="Lombardies">Lombardies</a> | <a href="/wiki/Monegaskies" title="Monegaskies">Monegaskies</a> | <a href="/wiki/Pi%C3%ABmontees" title="Piëmontees">Piëmontees</a> | <a href="/wiki/Venesiaans" title="Venesiaans">Venesiaans</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background: #ddddff;"><b><a href="/wiki/Retoromaans" title="Retoromaans">Retoromaans</a></b> </th> <td style="font-size: 90%;"><a href="/wiki/Romansch" title="Romansch">Romansch</a> | <a href="/wiki/Ladinies" title="Ladinies">Ladinies</a> | <a href="/wiki/Friulaans" title="Friulaans">Friulaans</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background: #ddddff;"><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Italoromaans&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Italoromaans (bladsy bestaan nie)">Italoromaans</a></b> </th> <td style="font-size: 90%;"><a href="/wiki/Dalmaties" title="Dalmaties">Dalmaties</a> | <a href="/wiki/Italiaans" title="Italiaans">Italiaans</a> | <a href="/wiki/Napolitaans" title="Napolitaans">Napolitaans</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background: #ddddff;"><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Suid-Romaans&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Suid-Romaans (bladsy bestaan nie)">Suid-Romaans</a></b> </th> <td style="font-size: 90%;"><a href="/wiki/Korsikaans" title="Korsikaans">Korsikaans</a> | <a href="/wiki/Sardies" title="Sardies">Sardies</a> (<small><a href="/w/index.php?title=Campidanies&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Campidanies (bladsy bestaan nie)">Campidanies</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Galluraans&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Galluraans (bladsy bestaan nie)">Galluraans</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Logudories&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Logudories (bladsy bestaan nie)">Logudories</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sassaries&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sassaries (bladsy bestaan nie)">Sassaries</a></small>) | <a href="/wiki/Sisiliaans" title="Sisiliaans">Sisiliaans</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background: #ddddff;"><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Balkanromaans&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Balkanromaans (bladsy bestaan nie)">Balkanromaans</a></b> </th> <td style="font-size: 90%;"><a href="/wiki/Aroemeens" title="Aroemeens">Aroemeens</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Istro-Roemaans&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Istro-Roemaans (bladsy bestaan nie)">Istro-Roemaans</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Meglenoroemaans&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Meglenoroemaans (bladsy bestaan nie)">Meglenoroemaans</a> | <a href="/wiki/Roemeens" title="Roemeens">Roemeens</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background: #ddddff;"><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romaanse_Kunstale&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Romaanse Kunstale (bladsy bestaan nie)">Romaanse<br />Kunstale</a></b> </th> <td style="font-size: 90%;"><a href="/wiki/Interlingua" title="Interlingua">Interlingua</a> | <a href="/wiki/Interlingue" title="Interlingue">Interlingue</a> | <a href="/wiki/Lingua_Franca_Nova" title="Lingua Franca Nova">Lingua Franca Nova</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><br /> </p> <div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" 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