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[o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Ensaluti</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Pliaj agordoj" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personaj iloj" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personaj iloj</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Menuo de uzanto" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_eo.wikipedia.org&uselang=eo"><span>Donaci</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciala%C4%B5o:Krei_konton&returnto=Orbazo" title="Ni rekomendas ke vi kreu uzantokonton kaj ensalutu, kvankam tio ne estas deviga"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Krei konton</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciala%C4%B5o:Ensaluti&returnto=Orbazo" title="Ni rekomendas ke vi ensalutu, kvankam tio ne estas devige. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Ensaluti</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Paĝoj por elsalutitaj redaktistoj <a href="/wiki/Helpo:Enkonduko" aria-label="Lernu pli pri redaktado"><span>Lernu pli</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciala%C4%B5o:Miaj_kontribuoj" title="Listo de redaktoj faritaj el ĉi tiu IPa adreso [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Kontribuoj</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciala%C4%B5o:Mia_diskutpa%C4%9Do" title="Diskuto pri redaktoj sub tiu ĉi IP adreso [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Diskuto</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Retejo"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Enhavo" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Enhavo</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">movigi al flanka panelo</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">kaŝi</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Komenco</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-La_evoluo_de_orbazo_en_la_Usono" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#La_evoluo_de_orbazo_en_la_Usono"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>La evoluo de orbazo en la Usono</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-La_evoluo_de_orbazo_en_la_Usono-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eksteraj_ligiloj" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eksteraj_ligiloj"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Eksteraj ligiloj</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eksteraj_ligiloj-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Literaturo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literaturo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Literaturo</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literaturo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vidu_ankaŭ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vidu_ankaŭ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Vidu ankaŭ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vidu_ankaŭ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Enhavo" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Ŝaltu la enhavtabelon" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Ŝaltu la enhavtabelon</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Orbazo</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Iru al artikolo en alia lingvo. Havebla en 65 lingvo" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-65" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">65 lingvoj</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goudstandaard" title="Goudstandaard — afrikansa" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Goudstandaard" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikansa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B0%D9%87%D8%A8" title="قاعدة الذهب — araba" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="قاعدة الذهب" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="araba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%87%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D9%89" title="معيار الدهب الدولى — Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="معيار الدهب الدولى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Q%C4%B1z%C4%B1l_standart%C4%B1" title="Qızıl standartı — azerbajĝana" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Qızıl standartı" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbajĝana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goidstandard" title="Goidstandard — Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Goidstandard" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82" title="Залаты стандарт — belorusa" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Залаты стандарт" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belorusa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82" title="Залаты стандарт — Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Залаты стандарт" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82" title="Златен стандарт — bulgara" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Златен стандарт" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patr%C3%B3_or" title="Patró or — kataluna" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Patró or" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="kataluna" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zlat%C3%BD_standard" title="Zlatý standard — ĉeĥa" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Zlatý standard" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="ĉeĥa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guldstandarden" title="Guldstandarden — dana" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Guldstandarden" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goldstandard" title="Goldstandard — germana" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Goldstandard" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="germana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A7%CF%81%CF%85%CF%83%CF%8C%CF%82_%CE%9A%CE%B1%CE%BD%CF%8C%CE%BD%CE%B1%CF%82_(%CF%87%CF%81%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%BF%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%BF%CE%BC%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C_%CF%83%CF%8D%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%B1)" title="Χρυσός Κανόνας (χρηματοοικονομικό σύστημα) — greka" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Χρυσός Κανόνας (χρηματοοικονομικό σύστημα)" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="greka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gold_standard" title="Gold standard — angla" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Gold standard" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="angla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patr%C3%B3n_oro" title="Patrón oro — hispana" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Patrón oro" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="hispana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kullastandard" title="Kullastandard — estona" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kullastandard" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urre-patroi" title="Urre-patroi — eŭska" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Urre-patroi" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="eŭska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF_%D8%B7%D9%84%D8%A7" title="استاندارد طلا — persa" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="استاندارد طلا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kultakanta" title="Kultakanta — finna" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kultakanta" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finna" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89talon-or" title="Étalon-or — franca" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Étalon-or" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%B8%E0%AB%81%E0%AA%B5%E0%AA%B0%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%A3_%E0%AA%AE%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%A8%E0%AA%95" title="સુવર્ણ માનક — guĝarata" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="સુવર્ણ માનક" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="guĝarata" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%AA%D7%A7%D7%9F_%D7%94%D7%96%D7%94%D7%91" title="תקן הזהב — hebrea" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="תקן הזהב" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebrea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A3_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="स्वर्ण मान — hinda" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="स्वर्ण मान" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hinda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zlatni_standard" title="Zlatni standard — kroata" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Zlatni standard" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroata" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aranystandard" title="Aranystandard — hungara" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Aranystandard" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="hungara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%88%D5%BD%D5%AF%D5%B8%D6%82_%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A4%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%BF" title="Ոսկու ստանդարտ — armena" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ոսկու ստանդարտ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armena" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standar_emas" title="Standar emas — indonezia" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Standar emas" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonezia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gullf%C3%B3tur" title="Gullfótur — islanda" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Gullfótur" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistema_aureo" title="Sistema aureo — itala" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Sistema aureo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="itala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%87%91%E6%9C%AC%E4%BD%8D%E5%88%B6" title="金本位制 — japana" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="金本位制" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B8%88%EB%B3%B8%EC%9C%84%EC%A0%9C" title="금본위제 — korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="금본위제" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="korea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goldstandard" title="Goldstandard — luksemburga" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Goldstandard" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luksemburga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistem_de_norma_de_oro" title="Sistem de norma de oro — Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Sistem de norma de oro" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_dor" title="Standard dor — Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Standard dor" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%9A%E0%BA%BB%E0%BA%9A%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%95%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%96%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%84%E0%BA%B3" title="ລະບົບມາດຕະຖານຄຳ — laŭa" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ລະບົບມາດຕະຖານຄຳ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="laŭa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aukso_standartas" title="Aukso standartas — litova" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Aukso standartas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zelta_standarts" title="Zelta standarts — latva" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Zelta standarts" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="latva" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4" title="Златен стандард — makedona" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Златен стандард" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A3_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3" title="सुवर्ण विनिमय परिमाण — marata" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="सुवर्ण विनिमय परिमाण" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marata" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piawai_emas" title="Piawai emas — malaja" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Piawai emas" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malaja" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gouden_standaard_(economie)" title="Gouden standaard (economie) — nederlanda" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Gouden standaard (economie)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederlanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gullstandard" title="Gullstandard — novnorvega" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Gullstandard" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="novnorvega" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gullstandard" title="Gullstandard — dannorvega" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Gullstandard" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="dannorvega" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Escandau_aur" title="Escandau aur — okcitana" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Escandau aur" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="okcitana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/System_waluty_z%C5%82otej" title="System waluty złotej — pola" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="System waluty złotej" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="pola" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D9%88%D9%84%DA%88_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%B9%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%88%D8%B1%DA%88" title="گولڈ اسٹینڈرڈ — Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="گولڈ اسٹینڈرڈ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Padr%C3%A3o-ouro" title="Padrão-ouro — portugala" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Padrão-ouro" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etalon-aur" title="Etalon-aur — rumana" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Etalon-aur" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82" title="Золотой стандарт — rusa" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Золотой стандарт" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rusa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D3%A9%D0%BC%D2%AF%D1%81_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82" title="Көмүс стандарт — jakuta" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Көмүс стандарт" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="jakuta" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%AC%D9%88_%D9%85%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="سون جو معيار — sinda" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="سون جو معيار" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sinda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A_%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%B8%E0%B6%AD%E0%B6%BA" title="රන් සම්මතය — sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="රන් සම්මතය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standardi_i_arit" title="Standardi i arit — albana" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Standardi i arit" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zlatni_standard" title="Zlatni standard — serba" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Zlatni standard" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sztandard_goldu" title="Sztandard goldu — silezi-pola" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Sztandard goldu" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="silezi-pola" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B3" title="มาตราทองคำ — taja" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="มาตราทองคำ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="taja" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alt%C4%B1n_standard%C4%B1" title="Altın standardı — turka" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Altın standardı" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82" title="Золотий стандарт — ukraina" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Золотий стандарт" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukraina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B9%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%B7%D9%84%D8%A7" title="معیار طلا — urduo" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="معیار طلا" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urduo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oltin_standart" title="Oltin standart — uzbeka" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Oltin standart" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbeka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%E1%BA%A3n_v%E1%BB%8B_v%C3%A0ng" title="Bản vị vàng — vjetnama" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Bản vị vàng" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vjetnama" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%87%91%E6%9C%AC%E4%BD%8D" title="金本位 — vua" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="金本位" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="vua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%87%91%E6%9C%AC%E4%BD%8D" title="金本位 — ĉina" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="金本位" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="ĉina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%87%91%E6%9C%AC%E4%BD%8D" title="金本位 — Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="金本位" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%87%91%E6%9C%AC%E4%BD%8D" title="金本位 — kantona" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="金本位" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q173509#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Redakti interlingvajn ligilojn" class="wbc-editpage">Redakti ligilojn</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Nomspacoj"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Orbazo" title="Vidi la artikolon [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikolo</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diskuto:Orbazo&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Diskuto pri la artikolo (paĝo ne ekzistas) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Diskuto</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Ŝanĝi lingvan varianton" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Esperanto</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Vidoj"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Orbazo"><span>Legi</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orbazo&veaction=edit" title="Redakti ĉi tiun paĝon [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Redakti</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orbazo&action=edit" title="Redakti fontan kodon de tiu ĉi paĝo [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Redakti fonton</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orbazo&action=history" title="Antaŭaj versioj de ĉi tiu paĝo. [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Vidi historion</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Paĝaj iloj"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Iloj" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Iloj</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Iloj</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">movigi al flanka panelo</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">kaŝi</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Pliaj opcioj" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Agoj </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Orbazo"><span>Legi</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orbazo&veaction=edit" title="Redakti ĉi tiun paĝon [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Redakti</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orbazo&action=edit" title="Redakti fontan kodon de tiu ĉi paĝo [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Redakti fonton</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orbazo&action=history"><span>Vidi historion</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Ĝenerale </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciala%C4%B5o:Kio_ligas_%C4%89i_tien%3F/Orbazo" title="Listo de ĉiuj vikiaj paĝoj kiuj ligas ĉi tien [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Ligiloj ĉi tien</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciala%C4%B5o:Rilataj_%C5%9Dan%C4%9Doj/Orbazo" rel="nofollow" title="Lastaj ŝanĝoj en paĝoj kiuj ligas al ĉi tiu paĝo [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Rilataj ŝanĝoj</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=eo" title="Alŝuti dosierojn [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Alŝuti dosieron</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciala%C4%B5o:Specialaj_pa%C4%9Doj" title="Listo de ĉiuj specialaj paĝoj [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Specialaj paĝoj</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orbazo&oldid=8929786" title="Porĉiama ligilo al ĉi versio de la paĝo"><span>Konstanta ligilo</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orbazo&action=info" title="Pli da informo pri ĉi tiu paĝo"><span>Informoj pri la paĝo</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciala%C4%B5o:Citi&page=Orbazo&id=8929786&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informoj pri kiel citi ĉi tiun paĝon"><span>Citi ĉi tiun artikolon</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciala%C4%B5o:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Feo.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FOrbazo"><span>Akiri mallongigitan URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciala%C4%B5o:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Feo.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FOrbazo"><span>Elŝutu QR-kodon</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Presi/elporti </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciala%C4%B5o:Libro&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Orbazo"><span>Krei libron</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciala%C4%B5o:DownloadAsPdf&page=Orbazo&action=show-download-screen"><span>Elŝuti kiel PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orbazo&printable=yes" title="Presebla versio de tiu ĉi paĝo [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Presebla versio</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> En aliaj projektoj </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q173509" title="Ligilo al konektita datuma ero [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Ero en Vikidatumoj</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Paĝaj iloj"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aspekto"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Aspekto</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">movigi al flanka panelo</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">kaŝi</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">El Vikipedio, la libera enciklopedio</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="eo" dir="ltr"><p>La <a href="/wiki/Monunuo" class="mw-redirect" title="Monunuo">monunuo</a> de unu lando baziĝas sur <b>orbazo</b>, se la papera mono estas kovrita per <a href="/wiki/Oro" title="Oro">oro</a>. Tio estas: Unu <a href="/wiki/Monbileto" title="Monbileto">monbileto</a> egalas al certa kvanto da oro. La tiel kunligita devo de la <a href="/wiki/Centra_Banko" class="mw-redirect" title="Centra Banko">Centra Banko</a> eldiras, ke la monbileto estas iam ajn ŝanĝebla al konvena kvanto de oro (<a href="/wiki/Obligacio" title="Obligacio">obligacio</a> por internacia ŝanĝebleco). </p><p>Oni distingas: </p> <ul><li><b>ora monunuo</b>: <a href="/wiki/Ormonero" title="Ormonero">ormoneroj</a> servas kiel <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pagilo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pagilo (paĝo ne ekzistas)">pagiloj</a>.</li> <li><b>orkerna monunuo</b>: <a href="/wiki/Papermono" class="mw-redirect" title="Papermono">papermono</a> cirkulas kaj oro estas rezervita ĉe la Centra Banko kiel rezervaĵo por la interneciaj pagoj.</li> <li><b>ordeviza monunuo</b>: La centra-banka rezervaĵo povas konsisti el devizoj de aliaj orbaz-monaj landoj, kile tio okazis antaŭ fino de la ora konvertebleco de la <a href="/wiki/Usona_dolaro" title="Usona dolaro">usona dolaro</a> en 1971 en la <a href="/wiki/Germana_Federacia_Respubliko" class="mw-redirect" title="Germana Federacia Respubliko">Germana Federacia Respubliko</a>.</li></ul> <p>Se la tuta en cirkulo troviĝanta monkvanto estas kovrita per oro en la <a href="/wiki/Centra_Banko" class="mw-redirect" title="Centra Banko">Centra Banko</a>, oni parolas pri tuta orbazo (kovrita 100%). </p><p>La obligacio por ŝanĝebleco limigas la eldonon de la mono tra la Centra Banko kaj ankaŭ obstaklas la komercan kapablecon por respondi la ekonomiajn ŝanceliĝojn, per ebla ŝanĝo de la monpolitiko. Tiel ofte aperas mallongtempaj <a href="/wiki/Deflacio" title="Deflacio">deflaciaj</a> fazoj. Aliflanke limigas la tuta orbazo eĉ ankaŭ la <a href="/wiki/Inflacio" title="Inflacio">inflacion</a>. La monunuj, baziĝantaj je orbazo estas dum longa tempo deflecio- kaj inflacioneŭtralaj. </p><p>Historie, la orbazo estis internacie disvastiĝanta. Porparlantoj de la orbazo asertas, ke ne la firmteno je oro estis respondeca pri la granda depresio, sed la ĉesigo de la klasika orbazo en la jaroj de 1914 kaj 1922, kio kaŭzis la inundon de la mondo per la nove akirita mono kaj kio kondukis al malfavora ekonomia ŝveliĝo en la 1920-aj jaroj kaj kiel sekvo al <a href="/wiki/Borsa_kolapso" class="mw-redirect" title="Borsa kolapso">borsa kolapso</a>, (<a href="/wiki/Nigra_%C4%B5a%C5%ADdo" class="mw-redirect" title="Nigra ĵaŭdo">nigra ĵaŭdo</a>) kaj al ekonomia krizo en la 1930-aj jaroj. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="La_evoluo_de_orbazo_en_la_Usono">La evoluo de orbazo en la Usono</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orbazo&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Redakti sekcion: La evoluo de orbazo en la Usono" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redakti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orbazo&action=edit&section=1" title="Redakti la fontkodo de la sekcio: La evoluo de orbazo en la Usono"><span>redakti fonton</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Oni ĉesigis en <a href="/wiki/1933" title="1933">1933</a> en <a href="/wiki/Usono" title="Usono">Usono</a> la liberan ŝanĝon de papermono al oro kaj la orposedaĵo estas malpermesita je deponado (por la simplaj loĝantoj, por 40 jaroj). Oro estis do fakte uzata por reguligi la kontaktojn inter la <a href="/wiki/Centra_banko" title="Centra banko">centraj bankoj</a>. </p><p>La <a href="/wiki/18-a_de_marto" title="18-a de marto">18-an de marto</a> en <a href="/wiki/1968" title="1968">1968</a>, la <a href="/wiki/Usona_Kongreso" title="Usona Kongreso">Usona Kongreso</a> voĉdonis por ĉesigo de la devo, formi orajn rezervojn. </p><p>La <a href="/wiki/15-a_de_a%C5%ADgusto" title="15-a de aŭgusto">15-an de aŭgusto</a> de <a href="/wiki/1971" title="1971">1971</a> la registaro de <a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon">Richard Nixon</a> ĉesigis la ŝanĝeblecon de dolaro je oro ankaŭ por la Centra Banko en <a href="/wiki/Ekonomia_Modelo_de_Bretton_Woods" title="Ekonomia Modelo de Bretton Woods">Ekonomia Modelo de Bretton Woods</a>. </p><p>Tio finis la 150-jaran tradicion. Ekde tiam, la usona registaro havas pli da libereco por difini la (cirkulantan) monkvanton (ĉiutage: <i>funkciigi la biletpresadon</i>), sed ion reguligas leĝaj antaŭskriboj. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Eksteraj_ligiloj">Eksteraj ligiloj</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orbazo&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Redakti sekcion: Eksteraj ligiloj" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redakti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orbazo&action=edit&section=2" title="Redakti la fontkodo de la sekcio: Eksteraj ligiloj"><span>redakti fonton</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.goldseiten.de/content/goldstandard/index.php">GoldSeiten.de – La orbazo/germane</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.zeit-fragen.ch/ARCHIV/ZF_94d/T02.HTM">Signifo de la orbazo/germane</a><span title="Kelkfoje okazas, ke ligilo en Vikipedio ne plu atingeblas. Se eble, trovu la korektan ligilon kaj enmeti ĝin ĉi tie, alikaze forigu la ligilon kaj, se tio temas pri noto, enmetu la ŝablonon {{citon}}." style="background:#ffeaea; color:#444444"></span><sup class="noprint" title="Kelkfoje okazas, ke ligilo en Vikipedio ne plu atingeblas. Se eble, trovu la korektan ligilon kaj enmeti ĝin ĉi tie, alikaze forigu la ligilon kaj, se tio temas pri noto, enmetu la ŝablonon {{citon}}." style="color:red;">[<i>rompita ligilo</i>]</sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Literaturo">Literaturo</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orbazo&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Redakti sekcion: Literaturo" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redakti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orbazo&action=edit&section=3" title="Redakti la fontkodo de la sekcio: Literaturo"><span>redakti fonton</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>La or-komploto, Ferdinand Lips, <a href="/wiki/Speciala%C4%B5o:Citoj_el_libroj/3930219549" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 3-930219-54-9</a> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Dosiero:Us-gold-certificate-1922.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Orcertigiloj estis uzataj kiel monbiletoj en Usono inter 1882 kaj 1933; ili estis libere ŝanĝeblaj al ormoneroj"><img alt="Orcertigiloj estis uzataj kiel monbiletoj en Usono inter 1882 kaj 1933; ili estis libere ŝanĝeblaj al ormoneroj" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Us-gold-certificate-1922.jpg/120px-Us-gold-certificate-1922.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="52" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Us-gold-certificate-1922.jpg/180px-Us-gold-certificate-1922.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Us-gold-certificate-1922.jpg/240px-Us-gold-certificate-1922.jpg 2x" data-file-width="768" data-file-height="332" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orcertigilo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Orcertigilo (paĝo ne ekzistas)">Orcertigiloj</a> estis uzataj kiel <a href="/wiki/Monbileto" title="Monbileto">monbiletoj</a> en <a href="/wiki/Usono" title="Usono">Usono</a> inter <a href="/wiki/1882" title="1882">1882</a> kaj <a href="/wiki/1933" title="1933">1933</a>; ili estis libere ŝanĝeblaj al <a href="/wiki/Ormonero" title="Ormonero">ormoneroj</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Dosiero:Muntbiljet_1852.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Muntbiljet_1852.jpg/120px-Muntbiljet_1852.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="74" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Muntbiljet_1852.jpg/180px-Muntbiljet_1852.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Muntbiljet_1852.jpg/240px-Muntbiljet_1852.jpg 2x" data-file-width="941" data-file-height="583" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"></div> </li> </ul> <div style="clear:both;"></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vidu_ankaŭ"><span id="Vidu_anka.C5.AD"></span>Vidu ankaŭ</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orbazo&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Redakti sekcion: Vidu ankaŭ" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redakti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orbazo&action=edit&section=4" title="Redakti la fontkodo de la sekcio: Vidu ankaŭ"><span>redakti fonton</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ar%C4%9Dentbazo" title="Arĝentbazo">Arĝentbazo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internacia_Mona_Fonduso" class="mw-redirect" title="Internacia Mona Fonduso">Internacia Mona Fonduso</a>, <a href="/wiki/Internacia_Mon-Fonduso" class="mw-redirect" title="Internacia Mon-Fonduso">Internacia Mon-Fonduso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mono_(ekonomiko)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mono (ekonomiko)">Mono (ekonomiko)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mono" title="Mono">Mono</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monda_Banko" title="Monda Banko">Monda Banko</a></li></ul></div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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