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biomass</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: ungulate biomass"> <meta name="keywords" content="ungulate biomass"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="ungulate biomass"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 1032</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: ungulate biomass</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1032</span> Effect of Human Use, Season and Habitat on Ungulate Densities in Kanha Tiger Reserve</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Neha%20Awasthi">Neha Awasthi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ujjwal%20Kumar"> Ujjwal Kumar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Density of large carnivores is primarily dictated by the density of their prey. Therefore, optimal management of ungulates populations permits harbouring of viable large carnivore populations within protected areas. Ungulate density is likely to respond to regimes of protection and vegetation types. This has generated the need among conservation practitioners to obtain strata specific seasonal species densities for habitat management. Kanha Tiger Reserve (KTR) of 2074 km2 area comprises of two distinct management strata: The core (940 km2), devoid of human settlements and buffer (1134 km2) which is a multiple use area. In general, four habitat strata, grassland, sal forest, bamboo-mixed forest and miscellaneous forest are present in the reserve. Stratified sampling approach was used to access a) impact of human use and b) effect of habitat and season on ungulate densities. Since 2013 to 2016, ungulates were surveyed in winter and summer of each year with an effort of 1200 km walk in 200 spatial transects distributed throughout Kanha Tiger Reserve. We used a single detection function for each species within each habitat stratum for each season for estimating species specific seasonal density, using program DISTANCE. Our key results state that the core area had 4.8 times higher wild ungulate biomass compared with the buffer zone, highlighting the importance of undisturbed area. Chital was found to be most abundant, having a density of 30.1(SE 4.34)/km2 and contributing 33% of the biomass with a habitat preference for grassland. Unlike other ungulates, Gaur being mega herbivore, showed a major seasonal shift in density from bamboo-mixed and sal forest in summer to miscellaneous forest in winter. Maximum diversity and ungulate biomass were supported by grassland followed by bamboo-mixed habitat. Our study stresses the importance of inviolate core areas for achieving high wild ungulate densities and for maintaining populations of endangered and rare species. Grasslands accounts for 9% of the core area of KTR maintained in arrested stage of succession, therefore enhancing this habitat would maintain ungulate diversity, density and cater to the needs of only surviving population of the endangered barasingha and grassland specialist the blackbuck. We show the relevance of different habitat types for differential seasonal use by ungulates and attempt to interpret this in the context of nutrition and cover needs by wild ungulates. Management for an optimal habitat mosaic that maintains ungulate diversity and maximizes ungulate biomass is recommended. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=distance%20sampling" title="distance sampling">distance sampling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=habitat%20management" title=" habitat management"> habitat management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ungulate%20biomass" title=" ungulate biomass"> ungulate biomass</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diversity" title=" diversity"> diversity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60899/effect-of-human-use-season-and-habitat-on-ungulate-densities-in-kanha-tiger-reserve" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60899.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">303</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1031</span> Evaluation of Biomass Introduction Methods in Coal Co-Gasification</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ruwaida%20Abdul%20Rasid">Ruwaida Abdul Rasid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kevin%20J.%20Hughes"> Kevin J. Hughes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Peter%20J.%20Henggs"> Peter J. Henggs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Pourkashanian"> Mohamed Pourkashanian</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Heightened concerns over the amount of carbon emitted from coal-related processes are generating shifts to the application of biomass. In co-gasification, where coal is gasified along with biomass, the biomass may be fed together with coal (co-feeding) or an independent biomass gasifier needs to be integrated with the coal gasifier. The main aim of this work is to evaluate the biomass introduction methods in coal co-gasification. This includes the evaluation of biomass concentration input (B0 to B100) and its gasification performance. A process model is developed and simulated in Aspen HYSYS, where both coal and biomass are modeled according to its ultimate analysis. It was found that the syngas produced increased with increasing biomass content for both co-feeding and independent schemes. However, the heating values and heat duties decreases with biomass concentration as more CO2 are produced from complete combustion. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aspen%20HYSYS" title="aspen HYSYS">aspen HYSYS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biomass" title=" biomass"> biomass</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coal" title=" coal"> coal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=co-gasification%20modelling" title=" co-gasification modelling"> co-gasification modelling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=simulation" title=" simulation"> simulation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17080/evaluation-of-biomass-introduction-methods-in-coal-co-gasification" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17080.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">409</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1030</span> Biomass Availability Matrix: Methodology to Define High Level Biomass Availability for Bioenergy Purposes, a Quebec Case Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Camilo%20Perez%20Lee">Camilo Perez Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mark%20Lefsrud"> Mark Lefsrud</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Edris%20Madadian"> Edris Madadian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yves%20Roy"> Yves Roy</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Biomass availability is one of the most important aspects to consider when determining the proper location of potential bioenergy plants. Since this aspect has a direct impact on biomass transportation and storage, biomass availability greatly influences the operational cost. Biomass availability is more than the quantity available on a specific region; other elements such as biomass accessibility and potential play an important role. Accessibility establishes if the biomass could be extracted and conveyed easily considering factors such as biomass availability, infrastructure condition and other operational issues. On the other hand, biomass potential is defined as the capacity of a specific region to scale the usage of biomass as an energy source, move from another energy source or to switch the type of biomass to increase their biomass availability in the future. This paper defines methodologies and parameters in order to determine the biomass availability within the administrative regions of the province of Quebec; firstly by defining the forestry, agricultural, municipal solid waste and energy crop biomass availability per administrative region, next its infrastructure accessibility and lastly defining the region potential. Thus, these data are processed to create a biomass availability matrix allowing to define the overall biomass availability per region and to determine the most optional candidates for bioenergy plant location. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biomass" title="biomass">biomass</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=availability" title=" availability"> availability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bioenergy" title=" bioenergy"> bioenergy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=accessibility" title=" accessibility"> accessibility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biomass%20potential" title=" biomass potential"> biomass potential</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/4941/biomass-availability-matrix-methodology-to-define-high-level-biomass-availability-for-bioenergy-purposes-a-quebec-case-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/4941.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">319</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1029</span> Biomass For Energy In Improving Sustainable Economic Development</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dahiru%20Muhammad">Dahiru Muhammad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Danladi"> Muhammad Danladi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Yahaya"> Muhammad Yahaya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adamu%20Garba"> Adamu Garba</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper put forward the potentialities of biomass for energy as divers means of sustainable economic development. The paper explains, in brief, the ways or methods that are used to generate energy from biomass, such as combustion, pyrolysis, anaerobic, and gasification, and also how biomass for energy can enhance the sustainable economic development of a Nation. Currently, the nation depends on fossil fuels as a sources of generating its energy which is finite and deflectable with time, while on the other hand, biomass is an alternative and endless product which consists of forest biomass, agricultural residues, and energy crops. Finally, recommendations and conclusion were made on the role of biomass for energy in improving sustainable economic development. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biomass" title="biomass">biomass</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy" title=" energy"> energy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainability" title=" sustainability"> sustainability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=economic" title=" economic"> economic</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/160578/biomass-for-energy-in-improving-sustainable-economic-development" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/160578.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">134</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1028</span> Biomass Energy in Improving Sustainable Economic Development</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dahiru%20Muhammad">Dahiru Muhammad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Danladi"> Muhammad Danladi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adamu%20Garba"> Adamu Garba</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Yahaya"> Muhammad Yahaya</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper put forward the potentialities of biomass for energy as divers means of sustainable economic development. The paper explains in brief the ways or methods that are used to generate energy from biomass, such as combustion, pyrolysis, anaerobic, and gasification, and also how biomass for energy can enhance the sustainable economic development of a Nation. Currently, the nation depends on fossil fuels as a sources of generating its energy which is finite and deflectable with time, while on the other hand, biomass is an alternative and endless product which consists of a forest biomass, agricultural residues, and energy crops. Finally, recommendations and conclusion were made on the role of biomass for energy in improving sustainable economic development. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biomass" title="biomass">biomass</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy" title=" energy"> energy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainable" title=" sustainable"> sustainable</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=economic" title=" economic"> economic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=development" title=" development"> development</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/160583/biomass-energy-in-improving-sustainable-economic-development" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/160583.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">128</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1027</span> Modelling and Simulation of Biomass Pyrolysis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20Ahuja">P. Ahuja</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20S.%20S.%20Sai%20Krishna"> K. S. S. Sai Krishna</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> There is a concern over the energy shortage in the modern societies as it is one of the primary necessities. Renewable energy, mainly biomass, is found to be one feasible solution as it is inexhaustible and clean energy source all over the world. Out of various methods, thermo chemical conversion is considered to be the most common and convenient method to extract energy from biomass. The thermo-chemical methods that are employed are gasification, liquefaction and combustion. On gasification biomass yields biogas, on liquefaction biomass yields bio-oil and on combustion biomass yields bio-char. Any attempt to biomass gasification, liquefaction or combustion calls for a good understanding of biomass pyrolysis. So, Irrespective of the method used the first step towards the thermo-chemical treatment of biomass is pyrolysis. Pyrolysis mainly converts the solid mass into liquid with gas and residual char as the byproducts. Liquid is used for the production of heat, power and many other chemicals whereas the gas and char can be used as fuels to generate heat. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biomass" title="biomass">biomass</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fluidisation" title=" fluidisation"> fluidisation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pyrolysis" title=" pyrolysis"> pyrolysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=simulation" title=" simulation"> simulation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24385/modelling-and-simulation-of-biomass-pyrolysis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24385.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">341</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1026</span> The Temperature Influence for Gasification in the Advanced Biomass Gasifier</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Narsimhulu%20Sanke">Narsimhulu Sanke</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20N.%20Reddy"> D. N. Reddy</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The paper is to discuss about the influence of the temperature in the advanced biomass gasifier for gasification, when tested four different biomass fuels individually in the gasification laboratory of Centre for Energy Technology (CET). The gasifier is developed in CET to test any kind of biomass fuel for gasification without changing the gasifier. The gasifier can be used for batch operations and observed and found that there were no operational problems. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biomass%20fuels" title="biomass fuels">biomass fuels</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=temperature" title=" temperature"> temperature</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=advanced%20downdraft%20gasifier" title=" advanced downdraft gasifier"> advanced downdraft gasifier</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tar" title=" tar"> tar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=renewable%20energy%20sources" title=" renewable energy sources"> renewable energy sources</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13216/the-temperature-influence-for-gasification-in-the-advanced-biomass-gasifier" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13216.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">494</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1025</span> Root Biomass Growth in Different Growth Stages of Wheat and Barley Cultivars</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Akman">H. Akman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Topal"> A. Topal</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This work was conducted in greenhouse conditions in order to investigate root biomass growth of two bread wheat, two durum wheat and two barley cultivars that were grown in irrigated and dry lands, respectively. This work was planned with four replications at a Completely Randomized Block Design in 2011-2012 growing season. In the study, root biomass growth was evaluated at stages of stem elongation, complete of anthesis and full grain maturity. Results showed that there were significant differences between cultivars grown at dry and irrigated lands in all growth stages in terms of root biomass (P < 0.01). According to research results, all of growth stages, dry typed-bread and durum wheats generally had higher root biomass than irrigated typed-cultivars, furthermore that dry typed-barley cultivar, had higher root biomass at GS 31 and GS 69, however lower at GS 92 than Larende. In all cultivars, root biomass increased between GS 31 and GS 69 so that dry typed-cultivars had more root biomass increase than irrigated typed-cultivars. Root biomass of bread wheat increased between GS 69 and GS 92, however root biomass of barley and durum wheat decreased. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bread%20and%20durum%20wheat" title="bread and durum wheat">bread and durum wheat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=barley" title=" barley"> barley</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=root%20biomass" title=" root biomass"> root biomass</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=different%20growth%20stage" title=" different growth stage"> different growth stage</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20561/root-biomass-growth-in-different-growth-stages-of-wheat-and-barley-cultivars" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20561.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">606</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1024</span> Research Facility Assessment for Biomass Combustion in Moving Grate Furnaces</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Francesco%20Gallucci">Francesco Gallucci</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mariangela%20Salerno"> Mariangela Salerno</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ettore%20Guerriero"> Ettore Guerriero</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Manfredi%20Amalfi"> Manfredi Amalfi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Giancarlo%20Chiatti"> Giancarlo Chiatti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fulvio%20Palmieri"> Fulvio Palmieri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The paper deals with the experimental activities on a biomass combustion test-bed. More in detail, experimental campaigns have been devoted to investigate the operation of a biomass moving grate furnace. A research-oriented facility based on a moving grate furnace (350kW) has been set up in order to perform experimental activities in a wide range of test configurations. The paper reports the description of the complete biomass-plant and the assessment of the system operation. As the first step, the chemical and physical properties of the used wooden biomass have been preliminarily investigated. Once the biomass fuel has been characterized, investigations have been devoted to point out the operation of the furnace. It has been operated at full load, highlighting the influence of biomass combustion parameters on particulate matter and gaseous emission. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biomass" title="biomass">biomass</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=combustion" title=" combustion"> combustion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=experimental" title=" experimental"> experimental</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pollutants" title=" pollutants"> pollutants</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60942/research-facility-assessment-for-biomass-combustion-in-moving-grate-furnaces" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60942.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">278</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1023</span> Removal of Tar Contents in Syngas by Using Different Fuel from Downdraft Biomass Gasification System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Awais">Muhammad Awais</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wei%20Li"> Wei Li</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anjum%20Munir"> Anjum Munir</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Biomass gasification is a process of converting solid biomass ingredients into a combustible gas which can be used in electricity generation. Regardless of their applications in many fields, biomass gasification technology is still facing many cleaning issues of syngas. Tar production in biomass gasification process is one of the biggest challenges for this technology. The aimed of this study is to evaluate the tar contents in syngas produced from wood chips, corn cobs, coconut shells and mixture of corn cobs and wood chips as biomass fuel and tar removal efficiency of different cleaning units integrated with gassifier. Performance of different cleaning units, i.e., cyclone separator, wet scrubber, biomass filter, and auxiliary filter was tested under two biomass fuels. Results of this study indicate that wood chips produced less tar of 1736 mg/Nm³ as compared to corn cobs which produced tor 2489 mg/Nm³. It is also observed that coconut shells produced a high amount of tar. It was observed that when wood chips were used as a fuel, syngas tar contents were reduced from 6600 to 112 mg/Nm³ while in case of corn cob, they were reduced from 7500 mg/Nm³ to 220 mg/Nm³. Overall tar removal efficiencies of cyclone separator, wet scrubber, biomass filter, and auxiliary filter was 72%, 63%, 74%, 35% respectively. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biomass" title="biomass">biomass</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gasification" title=" gasification"> gasification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tar" title=" tar"> tar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cleaning%20system" title=" cleaning system"> cleaning system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biomass%20filter" title=" biomass filter"> biomass filter</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/104807/removal-of-tar-contents-in-syngas-by-using-different-fuel-from-downdraft-biomass-gasification-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/104807.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">174</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1022</span> Application of Biomass Ashes as Supplementary Cementitious Materials in the Cement Mortar Production</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20%C5%A0upi%C4%87">S. Šupić</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Male%C5%A1ev"> M. Malešev</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=V.%20Radonjanin"> V. Radonjanin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Radeka"> M. Radeka</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Laban"> M. Laban</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The production of low cost and environmentally friendly products represents an important step for developing countries. Biomass is one of the largest renewable energy sources, and Serbia is among the top European countries in terms of the amount of available and unused biomass. Substituting cement with the ashes obtained by the combustion of biomass would reduce the negative impact of concrete industry on the environment and would provide a waste valorization by the reuse of this type of by-product in mortars and concretes manufacture. The study contains data on physical properties, chemical characteristics and pozzolanic properties of obtained biomass ashes: wheat straw ash and mixture of wheat and soya straw ash in Serbia, which were, later, used as supplementary cementitious materials in preparation of mortars. Experimental research of influence of biomass ashes on physical and mechanical properties of cement mortars was conducted. The results indicate that the biomass ashes can be successfully used in mortars as substitutes of cement without compromising their physical and mechanical performances. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biomass" title="biomass">biomass</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ash" title=" ash"> ash</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cementitious%20material" title=" cementitious material"> cementitious material</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mortar" title=" mortar"> mortar</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/83379/application-of-biomass-ashes-as-supplementary-cementitious-materials-in-the-cement-mortar-production" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/83379.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">184</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1021</span> Physico-Chemical Characterization of an Algerian Biomass: Application in the Adsorption of an Organic Pollutant</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Djelloul%20Addad">Djelloul Addad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fatiha%20Belkhadem%20Mokhtari"> Fatiha Belkhadem Mokhtari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The objective of this work is to study the retention of methylene blue (MB) by biomass. The Biomass is characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), infrared absorption (IRTF). Results show that the biomass contains organic and mineral substances. The effect of certain physicochemical parameters on the adsorption of MB is studied (effect of the pH). This study shows that the increase in the initial concentration of MB leads to an increase in the adsorbed quantity. The adsorption efficiency of MB decreases with increasing biomass mass. The adsorption kinetics show that the adsorption is rapid, and the maximum amount is reached after 120 min of contact time. It is noted that the pH has no great influence on the adsorption. The isotherms are best modelled by the Langmuir model. The adsorption kinetics follow the pseudo-second-order model. The thermodynamic study of adsorption shows that the adsorption is spontaneous and exothermic. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dyes" title="dyes">dyes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adsorption" title=" adsorption"> adsorption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biomass" title=" biomass"> biomass</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=methylene%20blue" title=" methylene blue"> methylene blue</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=langmuir" title=" langmuir"> langmuir</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/184434/physico-chemical-characterization-of-an-algerian-biomass-application-in-the-adsorption-of-an-organic-pollutant" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/184434.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">67</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1020</span> Oxygen Enriched Co-Combustion of Sub-Bituminous Coal/Biomass Waste Fuel Blends</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chaouki%20Ghenai">Chaouki Ghenai </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Computational Fluid Dynamic analysis of co-combustion of coal/biomass waste fuel blends is presented in this study. The main objective of this study is to investigate the effects of biomass portions (0%, 10%, 20%, 30%: weight percent) blended with coal and oxygen concentrations (21% for air, 35%, 50%, 75% and 100 % for pure oxygen) on the combustion performance and emissions. The goal is to reduce the air emissions from power plants coal combustion. Sub-bituminous Nigerian coal with calorific value of 32.51 MJ/kg and sawdust (biomass) with calorific value of 16.68 MJ/kg is used in this study. Coal/Biomass fuel blends co-combustion is modeled using mixture fraction/pdf approach for non-premixed combustion and Discrete Phase Modeling (DPM) to predict the trajectories and the heat/mass transfer of the fuel blend particles. The results show the effects of oxygen concentrations and biomass portions in the coal/biomass fuel blends on the gas and particles temperatures, the flow field, the devolitization and burnout rates inside the combustor and the CO2 and NOX emissions at the exit from the combustor. The results obtained in the course of this study show the benefits of enriching combustion air with oxygen and blending biomass waste with coal for reducing the harmful emissions from coal power plants. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=co-combustion" title="co-combustion">co-combustion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coal" title=" coal"> coal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biomass" title=" biomass"> biomass</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fuel%20blends" title=" fuel blends"> fuel blends</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CFD" title=" CFD"> CFD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=air%20emissions" title=" air emissions"> air emissions</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39208/oxygen-enriched-co-combustion-of-sub-bituminous-coalbiomass-waste-fuel-blends" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39208.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">417</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1019</span> The Gasification of Fructose in Supercritical Water</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shyh-Ming%20Chern">Shyh-Ming Chern</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Y.%20Cheng"> H. Y. Cheng</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Biomass is renewable and sustainable. As an energy source, it will not release extra carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. Hence, tremendous efforts have been made to develop technologies capable of transforming biomass into suitable forms of bio-fuel. One of the viable technologies is gasifying biomass in supercritical water (SCW), a green medium for reactions. While previous studies overwhelmingly selected glucose as a model compound for biomass, the present study adopted fructose for the sake of comparison. The gasification of fructose in SCW was investigated experimentally to evaluate the applicability of supercritical water processes to biomass gasification. Experiments were conducted with an autoclave reactor. Gaseous product mainly consists of H2, CO, CO2, CH4 and C2H6. The effect of two major operating parameters, the reaction temperature (673-873 K) and the dosage of oxidizing agent (0-0.5 stoichiometric oxygen), on the product gas composition, yield and heating value was also examined, with the reaction pressure fixed at 25 MPa. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biomass" title="biomass">biomass</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fructose" title=" fructose"> fructose</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gasification" title=" gasification"> gasification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=supercritical%20water" title=" supercritical water "> supercritical water </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9573/the-gasification-of-fructose-in-supercritical-water" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9573.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">353</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1018</span> Analyzing the Effects of Real Income and Biomass Energy Consumption on Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Emissions: Empirical Evidence from the Panel of Biomass-Consuming Countries</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eyup%20Dogan">Eyup Dogan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This empirical aims to analyze the impacts of real income and biomass energy consumption on the level of emissions in the EKC model for the panel of biomass-consuming countries over the period 1980-2011. Because we detect the presence of cross-sectional dependence and heterogeneity across countries for the analyzed data, we use panel estimation methods robust to cross-sectional dependence and heterogeneity. The CADF and the CIPS panel unit root tests indicate that carbon emissions, real income and biomass energy consumption are stationary at the first-differences. The LM bootstrap panel cointegration test shows that the analyzed variables are cointegrated. Results from the panel group-mean DOLS and the panel group-mean FMOLS estimators show that increase in biomass energy consumption decreases CO2 emissions and the EKC hypothesis is validated. Therefore, countries are advised to boost their production and increase the use of biomass energy for lower level of emissions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biomass%20energy" title="biomass energy">biomass energy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CO2%20emissions" title=" CO2 emissions"> CO2 emissions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=EKC%20model" title=" EKC model"> EKC model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heterogeneity" title=" heterogeneity"> heterogeneity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cross-sectional%20dependence" title=" cross-sectional dependence"> cross-sectional dependence</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/52904/analyzing-the-effects-of-real-income-and-biomass-energy-consumption-on-carbon-dioxide-co2-emissions-empirical-evidence-from-the-panel-of-biomass-consuming-countries" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/52904.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">296</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1017</span> Allometric Models for Biomass Estimation in Savanna Woodland Area, Niger State, Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdullahi%20Jibrin">Abdullahi Jibrin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aishetu%20Abdulkadir"> Aishetu Abdulkadir</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The development of allometric models is crucial to accurate forest biomass/carbon stock assessment. The aim of this study was to develop a set of biomass prediction models that will enable the determination of total tree aboveground biomass for savannah woodland area in Niger State, Nigeria. Based on the data collected through biometric measurements of 1816 trees and destructive sampling of 36 trees, five species specific and one site specific models were developed. The sample size was distributed equally between the five most dominant species in the study site (Vitellaria paradoxa, Irvingia gabonensis, Parkia biglobosa, Anogeissus leiocarpus, Pterocarpus erinaceous). Firstly, the equations were developed for five individual species. Secondly these five species were mixed and were used to develop an allometric equation of mixed species. Overall, there was a strong positive relationship between total tree biomass and the stem diameter. The coefficient of determination (R2 values) ranging from 0.93 to 0.99 P < 0.001 were realised for the models; with considerable low standard error of the estimates (SEE) which confirms that the total tree above ground biomass has a significant relationship with the dbh. The F-test value for the biomass prediction models were also significant at p < 0.001 which indicates that the biomass prediction models are valid. This study recommends that for improved biomass estimates in the study site, the site specific biomass models should preferably be used instead of using generic models. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=allometriy" title="allometriy">allometriy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biomass" title=" biomass"> biomass</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carbon%20stock" title=" carbon stock "> carbon stock </a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=model" title=" model"> model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=regression%20equation" title=" regression equation"> regression equation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=woodland" title=" woodland"> woodland</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inventory" title=" inventory "> inventory </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27294/allometric-models-for-biomass-estimation-in-savanna-woodland-area-niger-state-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27294.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">448</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1016</span> Atmospheric Fluid Bed Gasification of Different Biomass Fuels</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Martin%20Lis%C3%BD">Martin Lisý</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marek%20Bal%C3%A1%C5%A1"> Marek Baláš</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Michal%20%C5%A0pil%C3%A1%C4%8Dek"> Michal Špiláček</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zden%C4%9Bk%20Sk%C3%A1la"> Zdeněk Skála</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper shortly describes biomass types and growing amount in the Czech Republic. The considerable part of this paper deals with energy parameters of the most frequent utilizing biomass types and results of their gasification testing. There was chosen sixteen the most exploited "Czech" woody plants and grasses. There were determinated raw, element and biochemical analysis, basic calorimetric values, ash composition and ash characteristic temperatures. After that, each biofuel was tested by fluid bed gasification. The essential part of this paper yields results of chosen biomass types gasification experiments. Partly, there are described an operating conditions in detail with accentuation of individual fuels particularities partly, there is summarized gas composition and impurities content. The essential difference was determined mainly between woody plants and grasses both from point of view of the operating conditions and gas quality. The woody plants was evaluated as more suitable fuels for fluid bed gasifiers. This results will be able to significantly help with decision which energy plants are suitable for growing or with optimal biomass-treatment technology selection. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biomass%20growing" title="biomass growing">biomass growing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biomass%20types" title=" biomass types"> biomass types</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gasification" title=" gasification"> gasification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biomass%20fuels" title=" biomass fuels"> biomass fuels</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26722/atmospheric-fluid-bed-gasification-of-different-biomass-fuels" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26722.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">572</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1015</span> Investigation on Biomass as an Alternate Source for Power Generation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Narsimhulu%20Sanke">Narsimhulu Sanke</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20N.%20Reddy"> D. N. Reddy</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The purpose of the paper is to discuss the biomass as a renewable source of energy for power generation. The setup is designed and fabricated in the Centre for Energy Technology (CET) and four different fuels are tested in the laboratory, but here the focus is on wood blocks (fuel) combustion with temperature, gas composition percentage by volume and the heating values. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biomass" title="biomass">biomass</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=downdraft%20gasifier" title=" downdraft gasifier"> downdraft gasifier</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=power%20generation" title=" power generation"> power generation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=renewable%20energy%20sources" title=" renewable energy sources"> renewable energy sources</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/5090/investigation-on-biomass-as-an-alternate-source-for-power-generation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/5090.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">544</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1014</span> Influence of Culturing Conditions on Biomass Yield, Total Lipid and Fatty Acid Composition of Some Filamentous Fungi</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alla%20V.%20Goncharova">Alla V. Goncharova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tatyana%20A.%20Karpenyuk"> Tatyana A. Karpenyuk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yana%20S.%20Tsurkan"> Yana S. Tsurkan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rosa%20U.%20Beisembaeva"> Rosa U. Beisembaeva</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Togzhan%20D.%20Mukasheva"> Togzhan D. Mukasheva</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ludmila%20V.%20Ignatova"> Ludmila V. Ignatova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ramza%20Z.%20Berzhanova"> Ramza Z. Berzhanova </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this work the effect of culturing conditions of filamentous fungi Penicillium raistrickii, Penicillium anatolicum, Fusarium sp. on biomass yield, the content of total lipids and fatty acids was studied. It has been established that in time the process of lipids accumulation correlated with biomass growth of cultures, reaching maximum values in stationary growth phase. Biomass yield and accumulation of general lipids was increased by adding zinc to the culture medium. The more intensive accumulation of biomass and general lipids was observed at temperature 18°C. Lowering the temperature of culturing has changed the ratio of saturated: Unsaturated fatty acids in the direction of increasing the latter. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biomass" title="biomass">biomass</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=culturing%20conditions" title=" culturing conditions"> culturing conditions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fungi" title=" fungi"> fungi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fatty%20acids%20%28FA%29" title=" fatty acids (FA)"> fatty acids (FA)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=growth%20dynamics" title=" growth dynamics"> growth dynamics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lipids" title=" lipids"> lipids</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10193/influence-of-culturing-conditions-on-biomass-yield-total-lipid-and-fatty-acid-composition-of-some-filamentous-fungi" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10193.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">451</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1013</span> Efficient Utilization of Biomass for Bioenergy in Environmental Control</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Subir%20Kundu">Subir Kundu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sukhendra%20Singh"> Sukhendra Singh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sumedha%20Ojha"> Sumedha Ojha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kanika%20Kundu"> Kanika Kundu </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The continuous decline of petroleum and natural gas reserves and non linear rise of oil price has brought about a realisation of the need for a change in our perpetual dependence on the fossil fuel. A day to day increased consumption of crude and petroleum products has made a considerable impact on our foreign exchange reserves. Hence, an alternate resource for the conversion of energy (both liquid and gas) is essential for the substitution of conventional fuels. Biomass is the alternate solution for the present scenario. Biomass can be converted into both liquid as well as gaseous fuels and other feedstocks for the industries. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bioenergy" title="bioenergy">bioenergy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biomass%20conversion" title=" biomass conversion"> biomass conversion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biorefining" title=" biorefining"> biorefining</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=efficient%20utilisation%20of%20night%20soil" title=" efficient utilisation of night soil"> efficient utilisation of night soil</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20527/efficient-utilization-of-biomass-for-bioenergy-in-environmental-control" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20527.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">406</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1012</span> Effect of Nitrogen and Carbon Sources on Growth and Lipid Production from Mixotrophic Growth of Chlorella sp. KKU-S2</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ratanaporn%20Leesing">Ratanaporn Leesing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thidarat%20Papone"> Thidarat Papone</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mutiyaporn%20Puangbut"> Mutiyaporn Puangbut</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Mixotrophic cultivation of the isolated freshwater microalgae Chlorella sp. KKU-S2 in batch shake flask for biomass and lipid productions, different concentration of glucose as carbon substrate, different nitrogen source and concentrations were investigated. Using 1.0g/L of NaNO3 as nitrogen source, the maximum biomass yield of 10.04g/L with biomass productivity of 1.673g/L d was obtained using 40g/L glucose, while a biomass of 7.09, 8.55 and 9.45g/L with biomass productivity of 1.182, 1.425 and 1.575g/L d were found at 20, 30 and 50g/L glucose, respectively. The maximum lipid yield of 3.99g/L with lipid productivity of 0.665g/L d was obtained when 40g/L glucose was used. Lipid yield of 1.50, 3.34 and 3.66g/L with lipid productivity of 0.250, 0.557 and 0.610g/L d were found when using the initial concentration of glucose at 20, 30 and 50g/L, respectively. Process product yield (YP/S) of 0.078, 0.119, 0.158 and 0.094 were observed when glucose concentration was 20, 30, 40 and 50 g/L, respectively. The results obtained from the study shows that mixotrophic culture of Chlorella sp. KKU-S2 is a desirable cultivation process for microbial lipid and biomass production. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mixotrophic%20cultivation" title="mixotrophic cultivation">mixotrophic cultivation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microalgal%20lipid" title=" microalgal lipid"> microalgal lipid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chlorella%20sp.%20KKU-S2" title=" Chlorella sp. KKU-S2"> Chlorella sp. KKU-S2</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/5171/effect-of-nitrogen-and-carbon-sources-on-growth-and-lipid-production-from-mixotrophic-growth-of-chlorella-sp-kku-s2" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/5171.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">340</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1011</span> Carbon Storage in Natural Mangrove Biomass: Its Destruction and Potential Impact on Climate Change in the UAE</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hedaya%20Ali%20Al%20Ameri">Hedaya Ali Al Ameri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alya%20A.%20Arabi"> Alya A. Arabi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Measuring the level of carbon storage in mangroves’ biomass has a potential impact in the climate change of UAE. Carbon dioxide is one of greenhouse gases. It is considered to be a main reason for global warming. Deforestation is a key source of the increase in carbon dioxide whereas forests such as mangroves assist in removing carbon dioxide from atmosphere by storing them in its biomass and soil. By using Kauffman and Donato methodology, above- and below-ground biomass and carbon stored in UAE’s natural mangroves were quantified. Carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2eq) released to the atmosphere was then estimated in case of mangroves deforestation in the UAE. The results show that the mean total biomass of mangroves in the UAE ranged from 15.75 Mg/ha to 3098.69 Mg/ha. The estimated CO2eq released upon deforestation in the UAE was found to have a minimal effect on the temperature increase and thus global warming. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carbon%20stored%20in%20biomass" title="carbon stored in biomass">carbon stored in biomass</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mangrove%20deforestation" title=" mangrove deforestation"> mangrove deforestation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=temperature%20change" title=" temperature change"> temperature change</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=United%20Arab%20Emirate" title=" United Arab Emirate"> United Arab Emirate</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26138/carbon-storage-in-natural-mangrove-biomass-its-destruction-and-potential-impact-on-climate-change-in-the-uae" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26138.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">396</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1010</span> Modeling Spatio-Temporal Variation in Rainfall Using a Hierarchical Bayesian Regression Model</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sabyasachi%20Mukhopadhyay">Sabyasachi Mukhopadhyay</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Joseph%20Ogutu"> Joseph Ogutu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gundula%20Bartzke"> Gundula Bartzke</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hans-Peter%20Piepho"> Hans-Peter Piepho</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Rainfall is a critical component of climate governing vegetation growth and production, forage availability and quality for herbivores. However, reliable rainfall measurements are not always available, making it necessary to predict rainfall values for particular locations through time. Predicting rainfall in space and time can be a complex and challenging task, especially where the rain gauge network is sparse and measurements are not recorded consistently for all rain gauges, leading to many missing values. Here, we develop a flexible Bayesian model for predicting rainfall in space and time and apply it to Narok County, situated in southwestern Kenya, using data collected at 23 rain gauges from 1965 to 2015. Narok County encompasses the Maasai Mara ecosystem, the northern-most section of the Mara-Serengeti ecosystem, famous for its diverse and abundant large mammal populations and spectacular migration of enormous herds of wildebeest, zebra and Thomson's gazelle. The model incorporates geographical and meteorological predictor variables, including elevation, distance to Lake Victoria and minimum temperature. We assess the efficiency of the model by comparing it empirically with the established Gaussian process, Kriging, simple linear and Bayesian linear models. We use the model to predict total monthly rainfall and its standard error for all 5 * 5 km grid cells in Narok County. Using the Monte Carlo integration method, we estimate seasonal and annual rainfall and their standard errors for 29 sub-regions in Narok. Finally, we use the predicted rainfall to predict large herbivore biomass in the Maasai Mara ecosystem on a 5 * 5 km grid for both the wet and dry seasons. We show that herbivore biomass increases with rainfall in both seasons. The model can handle data from a sparse network of observations with many missing values and performs at least as well as or better than four established and widely used models, on the Narok data set. The model produces rainfall predictions consistent with expectation and in good agreement with the blended station and satellite rainfall values. The predictions are precise enough for most practical purposes. The model is very general and applicable to other variables besides rainfall. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non-stationary%20covariance%20function" title="non-stationary covariance function">non-stationary covariance function</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gaussian%20process" title=" gaussian process"> gaussian process</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ungulate%20biomass" title=" ungulate biomass"> ungulate biomass</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MCMC" title=" MCMC"> MCMC</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=maasai%20mara%20ecosystem" title=" maasai mara ecosystem"> maasai mara ecosystem</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/93068/modeling-spatio-temporal-variation-in-rainfall-using-a-hierarchical-bayesian-regression-model" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/93068.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">294</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1009</span> Enzymatic Saccharification of Dilute Alkaline Pre-treated Microalgal (Tetraselmis suecica) Biomass for Biobutanol Production</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20A.%20Kassim">M. A. Kassim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Potumarthi"> R. Potumarthi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Tanksale"> A. Tanksale</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20C.%20Srivatsa"> S. C. Srivatsa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Bhattacharya"> S. Bhattacharya</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Enzymatic saccharification of biomass for reducing sugar production is one of the crucial processes in biofuel production through biochemical conversion. In this study, enzymatic saccharification of dilute potassium hydroxide (KOH) pre-treated Tetraselmis suecica biomass was carried out by using cellulase enzyme obtained from Trichoderma longibrachiatum. Initially, the pre-treatment conditions were optimised by changing alkali reagent concentration, retention time for reaction, and temperature. The T. suecica biomass after pre-treatment was also characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectra and Scanning Electron Microscope. These analyses revealed that the functional group such as acetyl and hydroxyl groups, structure and surface of T. suecica biomass were changed through pre-treatment, which is favourable for enzymatic saccharification process. Comparison of enzymatic saccharification of untreated and pre-treated microalgal biomass indicated that higher level of reducing sugar can be obtained from pre-treated T. suecica. Enzymatic saccharification of pre-treated T. suecica biomass was optimised by changing temperature, pH, and enzyme concentration to solid ratio ([E]/[S]). Highest conversion of carbohydrate into reducing sugar of 95% amounted to reducing sugar yield of 20 (wt%) from pre-treated T. suecica was obtained from saccharification, at temperature: 40°C, pH: 4.5 and [E]/[S] of 0.1 after 72 h of incubation. Hydrolysate obtained from enzymatic saccharification of pretreated T. suecica biomass was further fermented into biobutanol using Clostridium saccharoperbutyliticum as biocatalyst. The results from this study demonstrate a positive prospect of application of dilute alkaline pre-treatment to enhance enzymatic saccharification and biobutanol production from microalgal biomass. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microalgal%20biomass" title="microalgal biomass">microalgal biomass</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=enzymatic%20saccharification" title=" enzymatic saccharification"> enzymatic saccharification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biobutanol" title=" biobutanol"> biobutanol</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fermentation" title=" fermentation"> fermentation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12717/enzymatic-saccharification-of-dilute-alkaline-pre-treated-microalgal-tetraselmis-suecica-biomass-for-biobutanol-production" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12717.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">385</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1008</span> The Effects of Stand Density, Standards and Species Composition on Biomass Production in Traditional Coppices</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marek%20Mejst%C5%99%C3%ADk">Marek Mejstřík</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Radim%20Matula"> Radim Matula</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Martin%20%C5%A0r%C3%A1mek"> Martin Šrámek</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Traditional coppices and coppice-with-standards were widely used throughout Europe and Asia for centuries but were largely abandoned in the second half of the 19th century, especially in central and northwestern Europe. In the last decades, there has been a renewed interest in traditional coppicing for nature conservation and most often, for rapid woody biomass production. However, there is little information on biomass productivity of traditional coppices and what affects it. Here, we focused on the effects of stand density, standards and tree species composition on sprout biomass production in newly restored coppices in the Czech Republic. We measured sprouts and calculated sprout biomass 7 years after the harvest from 2013 resprouting stumps in two 4 ha experimental plots. Each plot was divided into 64 subplots with different densities of standards and sprouting stumps. Total sprout biomass declined with increasing density of standards, but the effect of standards differed significantly among studied species. Whereas increasing density of standards decreased sprout biomass in Quercus petraea and Carpinus betulus, it did not affect sprout biomass productivity in Acer campestre and Tilia cordata. Sprout biomass on stand-level increased linearly with an increasing number of sprouting stumps and we observed no leveling of this relationship even in the highest densities of stumps. We also found a significant shift in tree species composition with the steeply declining relative abundance of Quercus in favor of other studied tree species. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=traditional%20coppice" title="traditional coppice">traditional coppice</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coppice%20with%20standards" title=" coppice with standards"> coppice with standards</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sprout%20biomass" title=" sprout biomass"> sprout biomass</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=forest%20management" title=" forest management"> forest management</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/147514/the-effects-of-stand-density-standards-and-species-composition-on-biomass-production-in-traditional-coppices" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/147514.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">160</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1007</span> A Correlative Study of Heating Values of Saw Dust and Rice Husks in the Thermal Generation of Electricity</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Danladi">Muhammad Danladi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Bura%20Garba"> Muhammad Bura Garba</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Yahaya"> Muhammad Yahaya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dahiru%20Muhammad"> Dahiru Muhammad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Biomass is one of the primary sources of energy supply, which contributes to about 78% of Nigeria. In this work, a comparative analysis of the heating values of sawdust and rice husks in the thermal generation of electricity was carried out. In the study, different masses of biomass were used and the corresponding electromotive force in millivolts was obtained. A graph of e.m.f was plotted against the mass of each biomass and a gradient was obtained. Bar graphs were plotted to represent the values of e.m.f and masses of the biomass. Also, a graph of e.m.f against eating values of sawdust and rice husks was plotted, and in each case, as the e.m.f increases also, the heating values increases. The result shows that saw dust with 0.033Mv/g gradient and 3.5 points of intercept had the highest gradient, followed by rice husks with 0.026Mv/g gradient and 2.6 points of intercept. It is, therefore, concluded that sawdust is the most efficient of the two types of biomass in the thermal generation of electricity. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biomass" title="biomass">biomass</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electricity" title=" electricity"> electricity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermal" title=" thermal"> thermal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=generation" title=" generation"> generation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/160516/a-correlative-study-of-heating-values-of-saw-dust-and-rice-husks-in-the-thermal-generation-of-electricity" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/160516.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">98</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1006</span> Fermentable Sugars from Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Biomass for Bioethanol Production</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=U.%20A.%20Asli">U. A. Asli</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Hamid"> H. Hamid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Z.%20A.%20Zakaria"> Z. A. Zakaria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20N.%20Sadikin"> A. N. Sadikin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Rasit"> R. Rasit</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study investigated the effect of a dilute acid, lime and ammonia aqueous pretreatment on the fermentable sugars conversion from empty fruit bunch (EFB) biomass. The dilute acid treatment was carried out in an autoclave, at 121ºC with 4 % of sulphuric acid. In the lime pretreatment, 3 wt % of calcium hydroxide was used, whereas the third method was done by soaking EFB with 28 % ammonia solution. Then the EFB biomass was subjected to a two-stage-acid hydrolysis process. Subsequently, the hydrolysate was fermented by using instant baker’s yeast to produce bioethanol. The highest glucose yield was 890 mg/g of biomass, obtained from the sample which underwent lime pretreatment. The highest bioethanol yield of 6.1mg/g of glucose was achieved from acid pretreatment. This showed that the acid pretreatment gave the most fermentable sugars compared to the other two pretreatments. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bioethanol" title="bioethanol">bioethanol</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biomass" title=" biomass"> biomass</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=empty%20fruit%20bunch%20%28EFB%29" title=" empty fruit bunch (EFB)"> empty fruit bunch (EFB)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fermentable%20sugars" title=" fermentable sugars"> fermentable sugars</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3408/fermentable-sugars-from-palm-empty-fruit-bunch-biomass-for-bioethanol-production" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3408.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">616</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1005</span> Grouping Pattern, Habitat Assessment and Overlap Analysis of Five Ungulates Species in Different Altitudinal Gradients of Western Himalaya, Uttarakhand, India</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kaleem%20Ahmed">Kaleem Ahmed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jamal%20A.%20Khan"> Jamal A. Khan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Grouping patterns, habitat use, and overlap studies were conducted on five sympatric ungulate species sambar (Cervus unicolor), chital (Axis axis), muntjac (Muntiacus muntjac), goral (Nemorhaedus goral), and serow (Capricornis sumatraensis) in the Dabka watershed area within Indian West Himalayan range. Data on age, sex composition, group size, and various ecological and topographical factors governing the presence/absence of species within the study area were collected using a 250 km of a trail walk, 95 permanent circular plots of 10 m radius, and 3 vantage points with 58 scannings. The highest mean group size was recorded for chital (6.35 ± 0.50), followed by sambar (1.35 ± 0.10), goral (1.25 ±0.63), muntjac (1.12 ± 0.05), and serow (1.00 ± 0.00). Grouping pattern significantly varied among sympatric species (F = 85.10, df. = 6, P = 0.000). The highest mean pellet group density (/ha ± SE) was recorded for sambar (41.56 ± 3.51), followed by goral (23.31 ± 3.45), chital (19.21 ± 3.51), muntjac (7.43 ± 1.21), and serow (1.02 ± 0.10). Two-way variance analysis showed a significant difference in the density of the pellet group of all ungulate species across different study area habitats (F = 6.38, df = 4, P = 0.027). The availability-utilization (AU) analysis reveals that goral was mostly sighted in steep slopes, preferred > 2100 m altitudinal range with low shrub understory, avoided dense forest, and relatively more southern aspects were used. Chital had used a wide range of tree and shrub coverings with a preference towards moderate cover range (26-50%), preferred areas with low slope category ( < 25), avoided areas of high altitude > 900 m. Sambar avoided less tree cover (0-25), preferred slope category (26-500), altitudes between 1600-2100 m, and preferred dense forest with northern aspects. Muntjac used all elevation ranges in the study area with a preference towards the dense forest and northern aspects. Serow preferred high tree cover > 75%, avoided low shrub cover (0-25%), preferred high shrub cover 51-75%, utilized higher elevation > 2100 m, avoided low elevation range and northern aspects. All species occupied similar habitat types, forest or scrub, except for the goral, which preferred open spaces. Between muntjac and sambar, the highest overlap was found (65%), and there was no overlap between chital and serow, chital and goral. Aspect, slope, altitude, and vegetation characteristics were found to be important factors for the overlap of ungulate sympatric species. One major reason for their ecological separation at the fine-scale level is the differential use of altitude by ungulates in the present study. This is confirmed by the avoidance by chital of altitudes > 900 m and serow of < 2100 m. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=altitude" title="altitude">altitude</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=grouping%20pattern" title=" grouping pattern"> grouping pattern</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Himalayas" title=" Himalayas"> Himalayas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=overlap" title=" overlap"> overlap</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ungulates" title=" ungulates"> ungulates</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/128303/grouping-pattern-habitat-assessment-and-overlap-analysis-of-five-ungulates-species-in-different-altitudinal-gradients-of-western-himalaya-uttarakhand-india" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/128303.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">141</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1004</span> Locating Potential Site for Biomass Power Plant Development in Central Luzon Philippines Using GIS-Based Suitability Analysis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bryan%20M.%20Baltazar">Bryan M. Baltazar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marjorie%20V.%20Remolador"> Marjorie V. Remolador</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Klathea%20H.%20Sevilla"> Klathea H. Sevilla</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Imee%20Saladaga"> Imee Saladaga</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Loureal%20Camille%20Inocencio"> Loureal Camille Inocencio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ma.%20Rosario%20Concepcion%20O.%20Ang"> Ma. Rosario Concepcion O. Ang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Biomass energy is a traditional source of sustainable energy, which has been widely used in developing countries. The Philippines, specifically Central Luzon, has an abundant source of biomass. Hence, it could supply abundant agricultural residues (rice husks), as feedstock in a biomass power plant. However, locating a potential site for biomass development is a complex process which involves different factors, such as physical, environmental, socio-economic, and risks that are usually diverse and conflicting. Moreover, biomass distribution is highly dispersed geographically. Thus, this study develops an integrated method combining Geographical Information Systems (GIS) and methods for energy planning; Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) and Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), for locating suitable site for biomass power plant development in Central Luzon, Philippines by considering different constraints and factors. Using MCDA, a three level hierarchy of factors and constraints was produced, with corresponding weights determined by experts by using AHP. Applying the results, a suitability map for Biomass power plant development in Central Luzon was generated. It showed that the central part of the region has the highest potential for biomass power plant development. It is because of the characteristics of the area such as the abundance of rice fields, with generally flat land surfaces, accessible roads and grid networks, and low risks to flooding and landslide. This study recommends the use of higher accuracy resource maps, and further analysis in selecting the optimum site for biomass power plant development that would account for the cost and transportation of biomass residues. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=analytic%20hierarchy%20process" title="analytic hierarchy process">analytic hierarchy process</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biomass%20energy" title=" biomass energy"> biomass energy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GIS" title=" GIS"> GIS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multi-criteria%20decision%20analysis" title=" multi-criteria decision analysis"> multi-criteria decision analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=site%20suitability%20analysis" title=" site suitability analysis"> site suitability analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40797/locating-potential-site-for-biomass-power-plant-development-in-central-luzon-philippines-using-gis-based-suitability-analysis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40797.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">425</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1003</span> Co-Liquefaction of Cellulosic Biomass and Waste Plastics </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Katsumi%20Hirano">Katsumi Hirano</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yusuke%20Kakuta"> Yusuke Kakuta</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Koji%20Yoshida"> Koji Yoshida</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shozo%20Itagaki"> Shozo Itagaki</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Masahiko%20Kajioka"> Masahiko Kajioka</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Toshihiko%20Okada">Toshihiko Okada</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A conversion technology of cellulosic biomass and waste plastics to liquid fuel at low pressure and low temperature has been investigated. This study aims at the production of the liquefied fuel (CPLF) of substituting diesel oil by mixing cellulosic biomass and waste plastics in the presence of solvent. Co-liquefaction of cellulosic biomass (Japan cedar) and polypropylene (PP) using wood tar or mineral oil as solvent at 673K with an autoclave was carried out. It was confirmed that the co-liquefaction gave CPLF in a high yield among the cases of wood or of polypropylene Which was ascribed the acceleration of decomposition of plastics by radicals derived from the decomposition of wood. The co-liquefaction was also conducted by a small twin screw extruder. It was found that CPLF was obtained in the co-liquefaction, And the acceleration of decomposition of plastics in the presence of cellulosic biomass. The engine test of CPLF showed that the engine performances, Compression ignition and combustion　characteristics were almost similar to those of diesel fuel at any mixing ratio of CPLF and any load, Therefore, CPLF could be practically used as alternative fuel for diesel engines. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cellulosic%20Biomass" title="Cellulosic Biomass">Cellulosic Biomass</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Co-liquefaction" title=" Co-liquefaction"> Co-liquefaction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Solvent" title=" Solvent"> Solvent</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Waste%20Plastics" title=" Waste Plastics"> Waste Plastics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2060/co-liquefaction-of-cellulosic-biomass-and-waste-plastics" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2060.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">372</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ungulate%20biomass&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ungulate%20biomass&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ungulate%20biomass&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ungulate%20biomass&page=5">5</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a 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