CINXE.COM
Search
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> <html lang="en" xml:lang="en" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> <head><script type="text/javascript" src="/_static/js/bundle-playback.js?v=HxkREWBo" charset="utf-8"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/_static/js/wombat.js?v=txqj7nKC" charset="utf-8"></script> <script>window.RufflePlayer=window.RufflePlayer||{};window.RufflePlayer.config={"autoplay":"on","unmuteOverlay":"hidden"};</script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/_static/js/ruffle/ruffle.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> __wm.init("https://web.archive.org/web"); __wm.wombat("http://nobelprize.org./search/index.html","20081120190419","https://web.archive.org/","web","/_static/", "1227207859"); </script> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/_static/css/banner-styles.css?v=S1zqJCYt" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/_static/css/iconochive.css?v=3PDvdIFv" /> <!-- End Wayback Rewrite JS Include --> <title>Search</title> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1"/> <meta name="Description" content="Nobelprize.org, Official web site of the Nobel Foundation"/> <link href="/web/20081120190419cs_/http://nobelprize.org./css/markup.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"/> <link href="/web/20081120190419cs_/http://nobelprize.org./css/print.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="print"/> <!--eri-no-index--> <script language="javascript" type="text/javascript" src="/web/20081120190419js_/http://nobelprize.org./prog/js/sitescripts.js"></script> <script language="javascript" type="text/javascript" src="/web/20081120190419js_/http://nobelprize.org./prog/js/detection_flash.js"></script> <script language="javascript" type="text/javascript" src="/web/20081120190419js_/http://nobelprize.org./prog/js/rss_links.js"></script> <script language="javascript" type="text/javascript" src="/web/20081120190419js_/http://nobelprize.org./__utm.js"></script> <!--/eri-no-index--> </head> <body id="Search"> <!-- Start Header Area --> <!--eri-no-index--> <div id="layout_header"> <!-- Start Header Top --> <form action="https://web.archive.org/web/20081120190419/http://search.nobelprize.org/search/nobel/" method="get" name="search_form" id="search_form"> <ul id="layout_header_top"> <li class="layout_organisation_links" id="Nobel_Foundation"><a href="/web/20081120190419/http://nobelprize.org./nobelfoundation/index.html">Nobel Foundation</a></li> <li class="layout_organisation_links" id="Nobel_Media"><a href="/web/20081120190419/http://nobelprize.org./nobelmedia/index.html">Nobel Media</a></li> <li class="layout_organisation_links" id="Nobel_Museum"><a href="/web/20081120190419/http://nobelprize.org./nobelmuseum/index.html">Nobel Museum</a></li> <li class="layout_organisation_links" id="Nobel_Peace"><a href="/web/20081120190419/http://nobelprize.org./nobelpeacecenter/index.html">Nobel Peace Center</a></li> <li class="layout_organisation_links" id="Nobel_Web"><a href="/web/20081120190419/http://nobelprize.org./nobelweb/index.html">Nobel Web</a></li> <li class="layout_help_links_no_line"><input name="q" type="text" maxlength="200" id="h_search" alt="Search" tabindex="1" accesskey="s"/><input type="hidden" name="i" value="en"/><input type="image" src="/web/20081120190419im_/http://nobelprize.org./images/layout/h_search.gif" value="Submit" alt="Submit" id="Submit"/></li> <li class="layout_help_links" id="Searchbutton"><label for="h_search"><a accesskey="4" href="/web/20081120190419/http://nobelprize.org./search/index.html">SEARCH</a></label></li> <li class="layout_help_links" id="Contact_Us"><a accesskey="6" href="/web/20081120190419/http://nobelprize.org./contact/index.html">CONTACT US</a></li> <li class="layout_help_links" id="Homepage"><a accesskey="1" href="/web/20081120190419/http://nobelprize.org./index.html">HOME</a></li> </ul> </form> <!-- End Header Top --> <!-- Start Logo Area --> <div id="layout_header_logo"><a href="/web/20081120190419/http://nobelprize.org./index.html"><img src="/web/20081120190419im_/http://nobelprize.org./images/layout/logo_nobelprize.gif" alt="nobelprize.org Logo" name="logo_image" id="logo_image" class="no_line_img"/></a> </div> <!-- End Logo Area --> <ul id="layout_main_menu"> <li id="menu_nobel_prizes"><a href="/web/20081120190419/http://nobelprize.org./nobel_prizes/">NOBEL PRIZES</a></li> <li id="menu_alfred_nobel"><a href="/web/20081120190419/http://nobelprize.org./alfred_nobel/">ALFRED NOBEL</a></li> <li id="menu_prize_awarders"><a href="/web/20081120190419/http://nobelprize.org./prize_awarders/">PRIZE AWARDERS</a></li> <li id="menu_nomination"><a href="/web/20081120190419/http://nobelprize.org./nomination/">NOMINATION</a></li> <li id="menu_prize_announcement"><a href="/web/20081120190419/http://nobelprize.org./prize_announcements/">PRIZE ANNOUNCEMENTS</a></li> <li id="menu_award_ceremonies"><a href="/web/20081120190419/http://nobelprize.org./award_ceremonies/">AWARD CEREMONIES</a></li> <li id="menu_educational_games"><a href="/web/20081120190419/http://nobelprize.org./educational_games/">EDUCATIONAL GAMES</a></li> </ul> </div> <!-- End Header Area --> <!--/eri-no-index--> <!-- Start Main Area --> <div id="layout_wrapper"> <div id="layout_main_content"> <!-- Start Main Content --> <table width="515" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tr> <td width="320" valign="top"><h2>Search</h2> <p class="ingress">This search will allow you to search the contents of over 8000 documents at Nobelprize.org.</p></td> <td width="25"> </td> <td width="170" valign="bottom"> <form action="https://web.archive.org/web/20081120190419/http://search.nobelprize.org/search/nobel/" method="get"> <input name="q" type="text" style="width:125px;" class="smalltext" size="17"/> <input type="hidden" name="i" value="en"/> <input name="submit" type="image" src="/web/20081120190419im_/http://nobelprize.org./ssi/images/search.gif" alt="Search"/> </form> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="320" height="50"> </td> <td width="25"> </td> <td width="170" valign="bottom"> </td> </tr> </table> <hr size="1" noshade="noshade"/> <h3><br/> Search Help</h3> <p>This document will assist you in getting started with the search utility, and to take advantage of the advanced search capabilities that are available. The document is divided into four parts:</p> <ul> <li><a href="#gettingstarted">Getting started</a> </li> <li><a href="#troubleshooting">If you cannot find what you are searching for</a> </li> <li><a href="#advanced">Advanced search options</a> </li> <li><a href="#extendedoptions">More search options</a></li> </ul> <hr size="1" nos<!-- FILE ARCHIVED ON 19:04:19 Nov 20, 2008 AND RETRIEVED FROM THE INTERNET ARCHIVE ON 06:46:26 Nov 24, 2024. JAVASCRIPT APPENDED BY WAYBACK MACHINE, COPYRIGHT INTERNET ARCHIVE. ALL OTHER CONTENT MAY ALSO BE PROTECTED BY COPYRIGHT (17 U.S.C. SECTION 108(a)(3)). --> <!-- playback timings (ms): captures_list: 0.612 exclusion.robots: 0.029 exclusion.robots.policy: 0.017 esindex: 0.01 cdx.remote: 15.486 LoadShardBlock: 351.007 (3) PetaboxLoader3.resolve: 355.302 (4) PetaboxLoader3.datanode: 153.088 (4) load_resource: 204.145 -->