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class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Tapak"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Kandungan" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Kandungan</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">alih ke bar sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sorokkan</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Permulaan</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Pertumbuhan_sejarah" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pertumbuhan_sejarah"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Pertumbuhan sejarah</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pertumbuhan_sejarah-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pembandaran" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pembandaran"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Pembandaran</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pembandaran-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kawasan_bandar_terbesar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kawasan_bandar_terbesar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Kawasan bandar terbesar</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Kawasan_bandar_terbesar-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Togol subbahagian Kawasan bandar terbesar</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Kawasan_bandar_terbesar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Kawasan_bandar_terbesar_di_dunia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kawasan_bandar_terbesar_di_dunia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Kawasan bandar terbesar di dunia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kawasan_bandar_terbesar_di_dunia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Negara_yang_sangat_pembandaran" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Negara_yang_sangat_pembandaran"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Negara yang sangat pembandaran</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Negara_yang_sangat_pembandaran-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Definisi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Definisi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Definisi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Definisi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mengikut_wilayah" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mengikut_wilayah"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Mengikut wilayah</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Mengikut_wilayah-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Togol subbahagian Mengikut wilayah</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Mengikut_wilayah-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Asia_Timur" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Asia_Timur"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Asia Timur</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Asia_Timur-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-China" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#China"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1.1</span> <span>China</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-China-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Jepun" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jepun"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1.2</span> <span>Jepun</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Jepun-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Korea_Selatan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Korea_Selatan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1.3</span> <span>Korea Selatan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Korea_Selatan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Asia_Selatan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Asia_Selatan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Asia Selatan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Asia_Selatan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-India" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#India"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2.1</span> <span>India</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-India-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pakistan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pakistan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2.2</span> <span>Pakistan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pakistan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bangladesh" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bangladesh"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2.3</span> <span>Bangladesh</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bangladesh-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Asia_Tenggara" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Asia_Tenggara"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Asia Tenggara</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Asia_Tenggara-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Filipina" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Filipina"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3.1</span> <span>Filipina</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Filipina-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Singapura" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Singapura"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3.2</span> <span>Singapura</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Singapura-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vietnam" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vietnam"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3.3</span> <span>Vietnam</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vietnam-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Thailand" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Thailand"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3.4</span> <span>Thailand</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Thailand-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eropah" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eropah"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4</span> <span>Eropah</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eropah-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Finland" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Finland"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4.1</span> <span>Finland</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Finland-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Perancis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Perancis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4.2</span> <span>Perancis</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Perancis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Jerman" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jerman"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4.3</span> <span>Jerman</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Jerman-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Belanda" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Belanda"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4.4</span> <span>Belanda</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Belanda-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Norway" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Norway"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4.5</span> <span>Norway</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Norway-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Poland" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Poland"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4.6</span> <span>Poland</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Poland-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rusia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rusia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4.7</span> <span>Rusia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rusia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sepanyol" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sepanyol"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4.8</span> <span>Sepanyol</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sepanyol-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sweden" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sweden"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4.9</span> <span>Sweden</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sweden-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-United_Kingdom" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_Kingdom"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4.10</span> <span>United Kingdom</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_Kingdom-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Oseania" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Oseania"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.5</span> <span>Oseania</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Oseania-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Australia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Australia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.5.1</span> <span>Australia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Australia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Amerika_Utara" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Amerika_Utara"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.6</span> <span>Amerika Utara</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Amerika_Utara-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Kanada" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kanada"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.6.1</span> <span>Kanada</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kanada-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mexico" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mexico"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.6.2</span> <span>Mexico</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mexico-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Amerika_Syarikat" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Amerika_Syarikat"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.6.3</span> <span>Amerika Syarikat</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Amerika_Syarikat-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Amerika_Selatan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Amerika_Selatan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.7</span> <span>Amerika Selatan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Amerika_Selatan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Argentina" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Argentina"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.7.1</span> <span>Argentina</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Argentina-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Brazil" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Brazil"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.7.2</span> <span>Brazil</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Brazil-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Chile" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chile"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.7.3</span> <span>Chile</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chile-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lihat_juga" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lihat_juga"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Lihat juga</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lihat_juga-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rujukan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rujukan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Rujukan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rujukan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pautan_luar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pautan_luar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Pautan luar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pautan_luar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Kandungan" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Togol isi kandungan" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Togol isi kandungan</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Kawasan bandar</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Pergi ke rencana dalam bahasa lain. Tersedia dalam 59 bahasa" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-59" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">59 bahasa</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stedelike_gebied" title="Stedelike gebied – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Stedelike gebied" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B7%D9%82%D8%A9_%D8%AD%D8%B6%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="منطقة حضرية – Arab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="منطقة حضرية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urbanizasiyala%C5%9Fm%C4%B1%C5%9F_%C9%99razi" title="Urbanizasiyalaşmış ərazi – Azerbaijan" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Urbanizasiyalaşmış ərazi" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%B1_%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B7%D9%82%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="شهر منطقه‌سی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="شهر منطقه‌سی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perkotaan" title="Perkotaan – Indonesia" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Perkotaan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8C%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE" title="পৌর এলাকা – Benggali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="পৌর এলাকা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Benggali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chh%C4%AB-khu" title="Chhī-khu – Cina Min Nan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Chhī-khu" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Cina Min Nan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B7%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%82%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Гарадзкая тэрыторыя – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Гарадзкая тэрыторыя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="शहरी क्षेत्र – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="शहरी क्षेत्र" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ronang_urbano" title="Ronang urbano – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Ronang urbano" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urbano_podru%C4%8Dje" title="Urbano područje – Bosnia" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Urbano područje" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Espai_urb%C3%A0" title="Espai urbà – Catalonia" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Espai urbà" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C4%9Bstsk%C3%A1_oblast" title="Městská oblast – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Městská oblast" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ardal_drefol" title="Ardal drefol – Wales" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Ardal drefol" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Wales" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byomr%C3%A5de" title="Byområde – Denmark" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Byområde" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Denmark" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/St%C3%A4dtischer_Raum" title="Städtischer Raum – Jerman" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Städtischer Raum" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiheasustusega_asula" title="Tiheasustusega asula – Estonia" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Tiheasustusega asula" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CF%80%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BF%CF%87%CE%AE" title="Αστική περιοχή – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αστική περιοχή" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urban_area" title="Urban area – Inggeris" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Urban area" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Inggeris" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Espacio_urbano" title="Espacio urbano – Sepanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Espacio urbano" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Sepanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urba_areo" title="Urba areo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Urba areo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B7%D9%82%D9%87_%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="منطقه شهری – Parsi" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="منطقه شهری" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Parsi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zone_urbaine" title="Zone urbaine – Perancis" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Zone urbaine" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Perancis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8F%84%EC%8B%9C_%EC%A7%80%EC%97%AD" title="도시 지역 – Korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="도시 지역" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%94%D5%A1%D5%B2%D5%A1%D6%84%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D5%BF%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%AE%D6%84" title="Քաղաքային տարածք – Armenia" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Քաղաքային տարածք" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="नगरीय क्षेत्र – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="नगरीय क्षेत्र" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urbano_podru%C4%8Dje" title="Urbano područje – Croatia" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Urbano područje" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9E%C3%A9ttb%C3%BDli" title="Þéttbýli – Iceland" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Þéttbýli" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Iceland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Area_urbana" title="Area urbana – Itali" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Area urbana" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Itali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%96%D7%95%D7%A8_%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%99" title="אזור עירוני – Ibrani" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אזור עירוני" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Ibrani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%82%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%95%E0%BA%BB%E0%BA%A7%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%B7%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%87" title="ເຂດຕົວເມືອງ – Laos" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ເຂດຕົວເມືອງ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Laos" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stedelijk_gebied" title="Stedelijk gebied – Belanda" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Stedelijk gebied" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Belanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%83%BD%E5%B8%82%E7%9A%84%E5%9C%B0%E5%9F%9F" title="都市的地域 – Jepun" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="都市的地域" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Jepun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byomr%C3%A5de" title="Byområde – Bokmal Norway" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Byområde" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Bokmal Norway" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%96%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%B0" title="ਸ਼ਹਿਰੀ ਖੇਤਰ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਸ਼ਹਿਰੀ ਖੇਤਰ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%9A%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A_%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%85%D9%87" title="ښاري سیمه – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="ښاري سیمه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obszar_zurbanizowany" title="Obszar zurbanizowany – Poland" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Obszar zurbanizowany" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Poland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Espa%C3%A7o_urbano" title="Espaço urbano – Portugis" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Espaço urbano" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zon%C4%83_urban%C4%83" title="Zonă urbană – Romania" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Zonă urbană" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Городская территория – Rusia" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Городская территория" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urban_area" title="Urban area – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Urban area" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zona_urbane" title="Zona urbane – Albania" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Zona urbane" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urban_area" title="Urban area – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Urban area" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%B1%D9%8A_%D8%B9%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%82%D9%88" title="شهري علائقو – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="شهري علائقو" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mestsk%C3%A1_oblas%C5%A5" title="Mestská oblasť – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Mestská oblasť" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urbano_obmo%C4%8Dje" title="Urbano območje – Slovenia" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Urbano območje" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%88%DA%86%DB%95%DB%8C_%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B4%DB%8C%D9%86" title="ناوچەی شارنشین – Kurdi Tengah" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ناوچەی شارنشین" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Kurdi Tengah" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Урбана средина – Serbia" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Урбана средина" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urbana_sredina" title="Urbana sredina – SerboCroatia" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Urbana sredina" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="SerboCroatia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaupunkialue" title="Kaupunkialue – Finland" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kaupunkialue" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pook_na_urbano" title="Pook na urbano – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Pook na urbano" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B1%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="நகர்ப்புறம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="நகர்ப்புறம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%C3%B4_th%E1%BB%8B" title="Đô thị – Vietnam" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Đô thị" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kentsel_alan" title="Kentsel alan – Turki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kentsel alan" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%96%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Міська територія – Ukraine" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Міська територія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukraine" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%DB%81%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%B9%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%82%DB%81" title="شہری علاقہ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="شہری علاقہ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B8%82%E5%8C%BA" title="市区 – Cina Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="市区" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Cina Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B8%82%E5%8D%80" title="市區 – Kantonis" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="市區" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kantonis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B8%82%E5%8C%BA" title="市区 – Cina" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="市区" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Cina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q702492#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Sunting pautan antara bahasa" class="wbc-editpage">Sunting pautan</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Ruang nama"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Kawasan_bandar" title="Lihat laman kandungan [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Rencana</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perbincangan:Kawasan_bandar&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Perbincangan mengenai laman kandungan (laman tidak wujud) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Perbincangan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" 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href="/wiki/Kawasan_bandar"><span>Baca</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kawasan_bandar&veaction=edit" title="Sunting laman ini [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Sunting</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kawasan_bandar&action=edit" title="Sunting kod sumber untuk laman ini [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Sunting sumber</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kawasan_bandar&action=history" title="Semakan terdahulu bagi laman ini [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Lihat sejarah</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Alatan laman"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Peralatan" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Peralatan</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Peralatan</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">alih ke bar sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">sorokkan</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Lagi pilihan" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Tindakan </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Kawasan_bandar"><span>Baca</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kawasan_bandar&veaction=edit" title="Sunting laman ini [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Sunting</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kawasan_bandar&action=edit" title="Sunting kod sumber untuk laman ini [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Sunting sumber</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kawasan_bandar&action=history"><span>Lihat sejarah</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Umum </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Pautan_ke_sini/Kawasan_bandar" title="Senarai semua laman wiki yang mengandungi pautan ke laman ini [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Pautan ke laman ini</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Perubahan_berkaitan/Kawasan_bandar" rel="nofollow" title="Perubahan terkini bagi laman yang dipaut dari laman ini [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Perubahan berkaitan</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=ms" title="Muat naik fail [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Muat naik fail</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Laman_khas" title="Senarai semua laman khas [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Laman khas</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kawasan_bandar&oldid=5938487" title="Pautan kekal ke semakan laman ini"><span>Pautan kekal</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kawasan_bandar&action=info" title="Maklumat lanjut mengenai laman ini"><span>Maklumat laman</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:Petik_laman_ini&page=Kawasan_bandar&id=5938487&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Maklumat tentang cara memetik laman ini"><span>Petik laman ini</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fms.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FKawasan_bandar"><span>Dapatkan URL pendek</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fms.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FKawasan_bandar"><span>Muat turun kod QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Cetak/eksport </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:Buku&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Kawasan+bandar"><span>Cipta buku</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:DownloadAsPdf&page=Kawasan_bandar&action=show-download-screen"><span>Muat turun sebagai PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kawasan_bandar&printable=yes" title="Versi boleh cetak bagi laman ini [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versi boleh cetak</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Dalam projek lain </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Urban_areas" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q702492" title="Pautan ke item repositori data yang bersambung [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Butir Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Alatan laman"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Penampilan"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Penampilan</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">alih ke bar sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">sorokkan</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Daripada Wikipedia, ensiklopedia bebas.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ms" dir="ltr"><p><br /> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Taipei_Skyline_2022.06.29.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Taipei_Skyline_2022.06.29.jpg/220px-Taipei_Skyline_2022.06.29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Taipei_Skyline_2022.06.29.jpg/330px-Taipei_Skyline_2022.06.29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Taipei_Skyline_2022.06.29.jpg/440px-Taipei_Skyline_2022.06.29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4484" data-file-height="2989" /></a><figcaption> Kawasan bandar <a href="/wiki/Taipei" title="Taipei">Taipei</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Ginza_area_at_dusk_from_Tokyo_Tower.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Ginza_area_at_dusk_from_Tokyo_Tower.jpg/220px-Ginza_area_at_dusk_from_Tokyo_Tower.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Ginza_area_at_dusk_from_Tokyo_Tower.jpg/330px-Ginza_area_at_dusk_from_Tokyo_Tower.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Ginza_area_at_dusk_from_Tokyo_Tower.jpg/440px-Ginza_area_at_dusk_from_Tokyo_Tower.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption> <a href="/wiki/Tokyo_Raya" title="Tokyo Raya">Kawasan Tokyo Raya</a>, Jepun, kawasan bandar paling ramai penduduk di dunia, dengan kira-kira 39 juta penduduk</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fail:ISS-67_City_lights_of_S%C3%A3o_Paulo,_Brazil.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/ISS-67_City_lights_of_S%C3%A3o_Paulo%2C_Brazil.jpg/220px-ISS-67_City_lights_of_S%C3%A3o_Paulo%2C_Brazil.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/ISS-67_City_lights_of_S%C3%A3o_Paulo%2C_Brazil.jpg/330px-ISS-67_City_lights_of_S%C3%A3o_Paulo%2C_Brazil.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/ISS-67_City_lights_of_S%C3%A3o_Paulo%2C_Brazil.jpg/440px-ISS-67_City_lights_of_S%C3%A3o_Paulo%2C_Brazil.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5568" data-file-height="3712" /></a><figcaption> <a href="/w/index.php?title=S%C3%A3o_Paulo_Raya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="São Paulo Raya (laman tidak wujud)">São Paulo Raya</a> pada waktu malam, seperti yang dilihat dari <a href="/wiki/Stesen_Angkasa_Antarabangsa" title="Stesen Angkasa Antarabangsa">Stesen Angkasa Antarabangsa</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Melbourne_at_night_from_the_International_Space_Station.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Melbourne_at_night_from_the_International_Space_Station.jpg/220px-Melbourne_at_night_from_the_International_Space_Station.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Melbourne_at_night_from_the_International_Space_Station.jpg/330px-Melbourne_at_night_from_the_International_Space_Station.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Melbourne_at_night_from_the_International_Space_Station.jpg/440px-Melbourne_at_night_from_the_International_Space_Station.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2128" data-file-height="1416" /></a><figcaption> <a href="/wiki/Melbourne" title="Melbourne">Melbourne Raya</a> pada waktu malam, seperti yang dilihat dari <a href="/wiki/Stesen_Angkasa_Antarabangsa" title="Stesen Angkasa Antarabangsa">Stesen Angkasa Antarabangsa</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Aglomeracja_warszawska_wg_Swianiewicza.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Aglomeracja_warszawska_wg_Swianiewicza.png/220px-Aglomeracja_warszawska_wg_Swianiewicza.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Aglomeracja_warszawska_wg_Swianiewicza.png/330px-Aglomeracja_warszawska_wg_Swianiewicza.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Aglomeracja_warszawska_wg_Swianiewicza.png/440px-Aglomeracja_warszawska_wg_Swianiewicza.png 2x" data-file-width="1376" data-file-height="1035" /></a><figcaption> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kawasan_metropolitan_Warsaw&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kawasan metropolitan Warsaw (laman tidak wujud)">Kawasan metropolitan Warsaw</a></figcaption></figure> <p><b>Kawasan bandar</b>, <b>kawasan urban</b>, <b>kawasan binaan</b> atau <b>aglomerasi bandar</b> ialah <a href="/wiki/Petempatan_manusia" title="Petempatan manusia">petempatan manusia</a> dengan <a href="/wiki/Kepadatan" title="Kepadatan">kepadatan penduduk</a> yang tinggi dan <a href="/wiki/Infrastruktur" title="Infrastruktur">infrastruktur</a> <a href="/wiki/Alam_bina" title="Alam bina">persekitaran binaan</a>. Ini adalah teras <a href="/wiki/Kawasan_metropolitan" title="Kawasan metropolitan">kawasan statistik metropolitan</a> di Amerika Syarikat, jika ia mengandungi populasi lebih daripada 50,000 orang.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Kawasan bandar berasal melalui <a href="/wiki/Pembandaran" title="Pembandaran">pembandaran</a>, dan penyelidik mengkategorikannya sebagai <a href="/wiki/Bandar_raya" title="Bandar raya">bandar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bandar" title="Bandar">pekan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bandar_gabungan" title="Bandar gabungan">conurbation</a> atau <a href="/wiki/Subbandar" title="Subbandar">pinggir bandar</a>. Dalam <a href="/w/index.php?title=Urbanisme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Urbanisme (laman tidak wujud)">urbanisme</a>, istilah "kawasan bandar" berbeza dengan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kawasan_luar_bandar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kawasan luar bandar (laman tidak wujud)">kawasan luar bandar</a> seperti <a href="/wiki/Kampung" title="Kampung">kampung</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Dusun" title="Dusun">dusun</a>; dalam <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sosiologi_bandar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sosiologi bandar (laman tidak wujud)">sosiologi bandar</a> atau <a href="/w/index.php?title=Antropologi_bandar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antropologi bandar (laman tidak wujud)">antropologi bandar</a>, ia berbeza dengan <a href="/wiki/Alam_sekitar" title="Alam sekitar">persekitaran semula jadi</a>. </p><p>Perkembangan pendahulu terdahulu kawasan bandar moden semasa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Revolusi_bandar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Revolusi bandar (laman tidak wujud)">revolusi bandar</a> <a href="/wiki/Milenium_ke-4_SM" title="Milenium ke-4 SM">alaf ke-4 SM</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> membawa kepada pembentukan <a href="/wiki/Tamadun" title="Tamadun">tamadun</a> manusia dan akhirnya kepada <a href="/wiki/Perancangan_bandar" title="Perancangan bandar">perancangan bandar</a> moden, yang bersama-sama dengan aktiviti manusia lain seperti <a href="/w/index.php?title=Eksploitasi_sumber_semula_jadi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eksploitasi sumber semula jadi (laman tidak wujud)">eksploitasi sumber semula jadi</a> telah membawa kepada <a href="/wiki/Antropogen" title="Antropogen">kesan manusia pada alam sekitar</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pertumbuhan_sejarah">Pertumbuhan sejarah</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kawasan_bandar&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Sunting bahagian: Pertumbuhan sejarah" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kawasan_bandar&action=edit&section=1" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Pertumbuhan sejarah"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pada tahun 1950, di seluruh dunia, 764 juta orang tinggal di kawasan bandar. Menjelang 2014, ia mencecah 3.9 bilion. Perubahan itu didorong oleh gabungan peningkatan jumlah penduduk dan peningkatan peratus penduduk yang tinggal di kawasan bandar.<sup id="cite_ref-UrbanPopulation_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UrbanPopulation-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pada tahun 2009, bilangan orang yang tinggal di kawasan bandar (3.42 bilion) mengatasi jumlah yang tinggal di kawasan luar bandar (3.41 bilion), dan sejak itu dunia menjadi lebih bandar daripada luar bandar.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ini adalah kali pertama majoriti penduduk dunia tinggal di sebuah bandar.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pada tahun 2014, terdapat 7.3 bilion orang yang tinggal di planet ini,<sup id="cite_ref-WorldPopulation_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WorldPopulation-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> dan penduduk bandar global terdiri daripada 3.9 bilion. Bahagian Penduduk <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jabatan_Hal_Ehwal_Ekonomi_dan_Sosial_Pertubuhan_Bangsa-Bangsa_Bersatu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jabatan Hal Ehwal Ekonomi dan Sosial Pertubuhan Bangsa-Bangsa Bersatu (laman tidak wujud)">Jabatan Hal Ehwal Ekonomi dan Sosial Pertubuhan Bangsa-Bangsa Bersatu</a> pada masa itu meramalkan penduduk bandar akan menduduki 68% daripada populasi dunia menjelang 2050, dengan 90% daripada pertumbuhan itu datang dari Afrika dan Asia.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Menjelang 2022, kini terdapat kira-kira 8 billion manusia hidup di planet Bumi. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pembandaran">Pembandaran</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kawasan_bandar&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Sunting bahagian: Pembandaran" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kawasan_bandar&action=edit&section=2" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Pembandaran"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Urban_land_area_(km%C2%B2),_OWID.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Urban_land_area_%28km%C2%B2%29%2C_OWID.svg/220px-Urban_land_area_%28km%C2%B2%29%2C_OWID.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Urban_land_area_%28km%C2%B2%29%2C_OWID.svg/330px-Urban_land_area_%28km%C2%B2%29%2C_OWID.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Urban_land_area_%28km%C2%B2%29%2C_OWID.svg/440px-Urban_land_area_%28km%C2%B2%29%2C_OWID.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="850" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption> Kawasan tanah bandar (km<sup>2</sup>), 2010<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fail:2006megacities.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/2006megacities.svg/220px-2006megacities.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="96" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/2006megacities.svg/330px-2006megacities.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/2006megacities.svg/440px-2006megacities.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1425" data-file-height="625" /></a><figcaption> Kawasan bandar dengan sekurang-kurangnya satu juta penduduk pada tahun 2006</figcaption></figure> <p>Kawasan bandar diwujudkan dan dikembangkan lagi melalui proses pembandaran. Ia diukur untuk pelbagai tujuan, termasuk menganalisis <a href="/wiki/Kepadatan" title="Kepadatan">kepadatan penduduk</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Rebakan_bandar" title="Rebakan bandar">rebakan bandar</a>. Kawasan bandar juga kebanyakannya ditemui di <a href="/wiki/Amerika_Syarikat" title="Amerika Syarikat">Amerika Syarikat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kanada" title="Kanada">Kanada</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a>, <a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jepun" title="Jepun">Jepun</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a> dan banyak negara lain yang kadar pembandaran melebihi 80%. </p><p>Tidak seperti kawasan bandar, <a href="/wiki/Kawasan_metropolitan" title="Kawasan metropolitan">kawasan metropolitan</a> merangkumi bukan sahaja kawasan bandar, tetapi juga <a href="/wiki/Bandar_satelit" title="Bandar satelit">bandar satelit</a> serta tanah luar bandar campur yang dihubungkan secara sosio-ekonomi dengan bandar <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pusat_bandar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pusat bandar (laman tidak wujud)">teras urban</a>, biasanya melalui hubungan <a href="/wiki/Pekerjaan" title="Pekerjaan">pekerjaan</a> melalui <a href="/w/index.php?title=Perjalanan_ulang-alik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Perjalanan ulang-alik (laman tidak wujud)">perjalanan ulang-alik</a>, dengan bandar teras urban menjadi pasaran buruh yang utama. </p><p>Konsep "kawasan bandar" seperti yang digunakan dalam perangkaan ekonomi tidak boleh dikelirukan dengan konsep "kawasan bandar" yang digunakan dalam perangkaan keselamatan jalan raya. Istilah ini pertama kali dicipta oleh Ahli Geografi Brian Manning. Konsep kedua itu juga dikenali sebagai "kawasan terbina dalam keselamatan jalan raya". Mengikut takrifan oleh <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pejabat_Perangkaan_Kebangsaan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pejabat Perangkaan Kebangsaan (laman tidak wujud)">Pejabat Perangkaan Kebangsaan</a>, "Kawasan binaan ditakrifkan sebagai tanah yang 'bersifat bandar yang tidak dapat dipulihkan', yang bermaksud bahawa ia adalah ciri bandar. Ia termasuk kawasan tanah binaan dengan sekurang-kurangnya 20 hektar (200,000 m<sup>2</sup>; 49 ekar). Mana-mana kawasan [yang dipisahkan oleh ruang bukan bandar] kurang daripada 200 meter adalah dihubungkan untuk menjadi satu kawasan binaan.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Argentina dan Jepun ialah negara yang kadar pembandaran melebihi 90% manakala Australia, Brazil, Kanada, <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a> dan Amerika Syarikat ialah negara kadar pembandarannya antara 80% dan 90%. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kawasan_bandar_terbesar">Kawasan bandar terbesar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kawasan_bandar&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Sunting bahagian: Kawasan bandar terbesar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kawasan_bandar&action=edit&section=3" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Kawasan bandar terbesar"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Terdapat dua ukuran tahap pembandaran penduduk. Yang pertama, penduduk bandar, menerangkan peratusan jumlah penduduk yang tinggal di kawasan bandar, seperti yang ditakrifkan oleh negara tersebut. Ukuran kedua, kadar pembandaran, menerangkan unjuran kadar purata perubahan saiz penduduk bandar dalam tempoh masa tertentu. Menurut <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pembandaran_mengikut_negara_berdaulat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pembandaran mengikut negara berdaulat (laman tidak wujud)">Pembandaran mengikut negara berdaulat</a>, dunia secara keseluruhan adalah 56.2% berbandar, dengan kira-kira suku daripada negara-negara tersebut dilaporkan lebih daripada 80% berbandar. Data diambil daripada anggaran Buku Fakta Dunia Agensi Perisikan Pusat AS dari 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kawasan_bandar_terbesar_di_dunia">Kawasan bandar terbesar di dunia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kawasan_bandar&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Sunting bahagian: Kawasan bandar terbesar di dunia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kawasan_bandar&action=edit&section=4" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Kawasan bandar terbesar di dunia"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Menurut <i><a href="/wiki/CIA_World_Factbook" title="CIA World Factbook">The World Factbook</a></i>:<sup id="cite_ref-:0_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ol><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Jepun" title="Jepun"><img alt="Jepun" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo">Tokyo</a> (Japan) - 37,274,000</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/India" title="India"><img alt="India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Delhi" title="Delhi">Delhi</a> (India) - 32,066,000</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Republik_Rakyat_China" title="Republik Rakyat China"><img alt="Republik Rakyat China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai">Shanghai</a> (China) - 28,517,000</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Filipina" title="Filipina"><img alt="Filipina" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Manila" title="Manila">Manila</a> (Philippines) - 28,250,517</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh"><img alt="Bangladesh" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Dhaka" title="Dhaka">Dhaka</a> (Bangladesh) - 22,478,000</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil"><img alt="Brazil" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/22px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/33px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/43px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Paulo" title="São Paulo">São Paulo</a> (Brazil) - 22,430,000</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico"><img alt="Mexico" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/46px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="980" data-file-height="560" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Bandar_Raya_Mexico" title="Bandar Raya Mexico">Bandar Raya Mexico</a> (Mexico) - 22,085,000</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Mesir" title="Mesir"><img alt="Mesir" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/23px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/35px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/45px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Kaherah" title="Kaherah">Kaherah</a> (Mesir) - 21,750,000</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Republik_Rakyat_China" title="Republik Rakyat China"><img alt="Republik Rakyat China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a> (China) - 21,333,000</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/India" title="India"><img alt="India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai">Mumbai</a> (India) - 20,961,000</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Negara_yang_sangat_pembandaran">Negara yang sangat pembandaran</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kawasan_bandar&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Sunting bahagian: Negara yang sangat pembandaran" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kawasan_bandar&action=edit&section=5" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Negara yang sangat pembandaran"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ini senarai negara yang kadar pembandaran adalah sekurang-kurangnya 80%. </p> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina"><img alt="Argentina" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/35px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/46px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia"><img alt="Australia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil"><img alt="Brazil" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/22px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/33px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/43px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kanada" title="Kanada"><img alt="Kanada" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Kanada" title="Kanada">Kanada</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile"><img alt="Chile" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/23px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/35px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/45px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Perancis" title="Perancis"><img alt="Perancis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Perancis" title="Perancis">Perancis</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Jepun" title="Jepun"><img alt="Jepun" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Jepun" title="Jepun">Jepun</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Korea_Selatan" title="Korea Selatan"><img alt="Korea Selatan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Korea_Selatan" title="Korea Selatan">Korea Selatan</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico"><img alt="Mexico" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/46px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="980" data-file-height="560" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Sepanyol" title="Sepanyol"><img alt="Sepanyol" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Sepanyol" title="Sepanyol">Sepanyol</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><img alt="United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281-2%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281-2%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281-2%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281-2%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281-2%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281-2%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Amerika_Syarikat" title="Amerika Syarikat"><img alt="Amerika Syarikat" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Amerika_Syarikat" title="Amerika Syarikat">Amerika Syarikat</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Definisi">Definisi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kawasan_bandar&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Sunting bahagian: Definisi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kawasan_bandar&action=edit&section=6" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Definisi"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r6366573">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 50px;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .templatequote .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;padding-left:1.5em;padding-top:1.0em;margin-top:0}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>PBB menerbitkan data mengenai bandar, kawasan bandar dan kawasan luar bandar, tetapi bergantung hampir sepenuhnya pada definisi nasional bagi kawasan ini. Prinsip dan syor PBB menyatakan bahawa disebabkan oleh ciri-ciri berbeza kawasan bandar dan luar bandar di seluruh dunia, takrifan global tidak mungkin dilakukan.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>Negara-negara <a href="/wiki/Eropah" title="Eropah">Eropah</a> menakrifkan kawasan perbandaran berdasarkan <a href="/wiki/Guna_tanah" title="Guna tanah">penggunaan tanah</a> jenis bandar, tidak membenarkan sebarang jurang yang biasanya melebihi 200 meter (220 yd), dan menggunakan <a href="/wiki/Perimejan_satelit" title="Perimejan satelit">imej satelit</a> dan bukannya blok banci untuk menentukan sempadan kawasan bandar. Di negara kurang maju, sebagai tambahan kepada keperluan guna tanah dan kepadatan, keperluan bahawa majoriti besar penduduk, biasanya 75%, tidak terlibat dalam pertanian dan/atau perikanan kadangkala digunakan. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mengikut_wilayah">Mengikut wilayah</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kawasan_bandar&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Sunting bahagian: Mengikut wilayah" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kawasan_bandar&action=edit&section=7" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Mengikut wilayah"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Asia_Timur">Asia Timur</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kawasan_bandar&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Sunting bahagian: Asia Timur" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kawasan_bandar&action=edit&section=8" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Asia Timur"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="China">China</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kawasan_bandar&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Sunting bahagian: China" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kawasan_bandar&action=edit&section=9" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: China"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sejak tahun 2000, bandar-bandar <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a> telah berkembang pada kadar purata 10% setiap tahun. Dianggarkan bahawa penduduk bandar China akan meningkat sebanyak 292 juta orang menjelang 2050,<sup id="cite_ref-UrbanPopulation_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UrbanPopulation-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> apabila bandar-bandarnya akan menempatkan populasi gabungan lebih satu bilion.<sup id="cite_ref-McKinseyUrbanBillion_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McKinseyUrbanBillion-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kadar pembandaran negara itu meningkat daripada 17.4% kepada 46.6% antara tahun 1978 dan 2009.<sup id="cite_ref-Ref_abcd_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ref_abcd-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Antara 150 dan 200 juta <a href="/wiki/Pekerja_migran" title="Pekerja migran">pekerja asing</a> bekerja sambilan di bandar-bandar utama, pulang ke luar bandar secara berkala dengan pendapatan mereka.<sup id="cite_ref-Harney2008_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Harney2008-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Tschang2009_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tschang2009-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p> Hari ini, China mempunyai lebih banyak bandar dengan satu juta atau lebih penduduk jangka panjang berbanding negara lain, termasuk tiga <a href="/wiki/Bandar_raya_global" title="Bandar raya global">bandar global</a> <a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a>, Hong Kong dan <a href="/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai">Shanghai</a>; menjelang 2025, negara ini akan menjadi rumah kepada 221 bandar dengan lebih sejuta penduduk.<sup id="cite_ref-McKinseyUrbanBillion_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McKinseyUrbanBillion-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Angka dalam jadual di bawah adalah daripada banci 2008, dan hanya anggaran populasi bandar dalam had bandar pentadbiran; kedudukan berbeza wujud apabila mempertimbangkan jumlah penduduk perbandaran (yang termasuk penduduk pinggir bandar dan luar bandar). "<a href="/w/index.php?title=Populasi_terapung&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Populasi terapung (laman tidak wujud)">Populasi terapung</a>" pekerja migran yang besar menyukarkan bancian di kawasan bandar;<sup id="cite_ref-Ref_abce_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ref_abce-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> angka di bawah termasuk hanya penduduk jangka panjang.</p><div class="thumb tnone" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:1008px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="overflow:auto"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Shanghai_Pudong_Panorama_Jan_2_2014.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pemandangan panorama latar langit Pudong dari the Bund di Shanghai."><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Shanghai_Pudong_Panorama_Jan_2_2014.jpg/1000px-Shanghai_Pudong_Panorama_Jan_2_2014.jpg" decoding="async" width="1000" height="191" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Shanghai_Pudong_Panorama_Jan_2_2014.jpg/1500px-Shanghai_Pudong_Panorama_Jan_2_2014.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Shanghai_Pudong_Panorama_Jan_2_2014.jpg/2000px-Shanghai_Pudong_Panorama_Jan_2_2014.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3406" data-file-height="652" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Shanghai_Pudong_Panorama_Jan_2_2014.jpg" title="Fail:Shanghai Pudong Panorama Jan 2 2014.jpg"> </a></div>Pemandangan panorama latar langit <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pudong&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pudong (laman tidak wujud)">Pudong</a> dari <a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Bund_(Shanghai)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Bund (Shanghai) (laman tidak wujud)">the Bund</a> di <a href="/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai">Shanghai</a>.</div></div></div><p>  </p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Jepun">Jepun</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kawasan_bandar&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Sunting bahagian: Jepun" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kawasan_bandar&action=edit&section=10" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Jepun"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Di <a href="/wiki/Jepun" title="Jepun">Jepun</a>, kawasan perbandaran ditakrifkan sebagai kawasan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Keterkaitan_geografi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Keterkaitan geografi (laman tidak wujud)">bersebelahan</a> bagi daerah berpenghuni padat menggunakan daerah penghitungan <a href="/wiki/Banci" title="Banci">banci</a> sebagai unit dengan keperluan kepadatan 4,000 inhabitants per kilometer persegi (10,000/sq mi). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Korea_Selatan">Korea Selatan</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kawasan_bandar&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Sunting bahagian: Korea Selatan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kawasan_bandar&action=edit&section=11" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Korea Selatan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Seoul" title="Seoul">Seoul</a> ialah kawasan bandar terbesar di <a href="/wiki/Korea_Selatan" title="Korea Selatan">Korea Selatan</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Asia_Selatan">Asia Selatan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kawasan_bandar&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Sunting bahagian: Asia Selatan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kawasan_bandar&action=edit&section=12" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Asia Selatan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="India">India</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kawasan_bandar&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Sunting bahagian: India" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kawasan_bandar&action=edit&section=13" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: India"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bagi Banci India 2011, takrifan kawasan bandar ialah tempat yang mempunyai penduduk minimum 5,000 kepadatan 400 persons per kilometer persegi (1,000/sq mi) atau lebih tinggi, dan 75% campur daripada populasi pekerja lelaki yang bekerja dalam aktiviti bukan pertanian. Tempat yang ditadbir oleh perbadanan perbandaran, lembaga kantonmen atau jawatankuasa kawasan bandar yang diberitahu secara automatik dianggap sebagai kawasan bandar.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Banci India 2011 juga mentakrifkan istilah "aglomerasi bandar" sebagai kawasan bandar bersepadu yang terdiri daripada sebuah bandar teras bersama-sama dengan "hasil perkembangan"nya (subbandar bersebelahan).<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Pakistan">Pakistan</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kawasan_bandar&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Sunting bahagian: Pakistan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kawasan_bandar&action=edit&section=14" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Pakistan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Di <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a>, sesuatu kawasan adalah <a href="/wiki/Bandar_raya" title="Bandar raya">bandar</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Kawasan_perbandaran" title="Kawasan perbandaran">perbandaran</a> utama jika ia mempunyai lebih daripada 100,000 penduduk mengikut keputusan banci. Bandar-bandar termasuk <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kantonmen_(Pakistan)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kantonmen (Pakistan) (laman tidak wujud)">kantonmen</a> bersebelahan. Pembandaran di <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a> telah meningkat sejak zaman kemerdekaan dan mempunyai beberapa punca yang berbeza. Majoriti penduduk selatan Pakistan tinggal di sepanjang <a href="/wiki/Sungai_Indus" title="Sungai Indus">Sungai Indus</a>. Karachi ialah bandar paling ramai penduduknya.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Di bahagian utara negara itu, kebanyakan penduduk tinggal dalam lengkungan yang dibentuk oleh bandar <a href="/wiki/Lahore" title="Lahore">Lahore</a>, <a href="/wiki/Faisalabad" title="Faisalabad">Faisalabad</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rawalpindi" title="Rawalpindi">Rawalpindi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Islamabad" title="Islamabad">Islamabad</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gujranwala&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gujranwala (laman tidak wujud)">Gujranwala</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sialkot" title="Sialkot">Sialkot</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gujrat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gujrat (laman tidak wujud)">Gujrat</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jhelum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jhelum (laman tidak wujud)">Jhelum</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sargodha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sargodha (laman tidak wujud)">Sargodha</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sheikhupura&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sheikhupura (laman tidak wujud)">Sheikhupura</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nowshera,_Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa" title="Nowshera, Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa">Nowshera</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mardan" title="Mardan">Mardan</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Peshawar" title="Peshawar">Peshawar</a>. Sepanjang 1990–2008, penduduk bandar membentuk 36% daripada penduduk Pakistan, menjadikannya negara paling urbanisasi di Asia Selatan. Tambahan pula, 50% rakyat Pakistan tinggal di bandar dengan 5,000 orang atau lebih.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Karachi ialah bandar paling ramai penduduk di Pakistan diikuti dengan Lahore mengikut Banci 2017. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kawasan_bandar&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Sunting bahagian: Bangladesh" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kawasan_bandar&action=edit&section=15" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Bangladesh"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Di <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a>, terdapat sejumlah 532 buah kawasan bandar, yang dibahagikan kepada tiga kategori iaitu Perbadanan Bandar, Perbadanan Perbandaran (Pourasova) dan bandar Upazila. Di antara kawasan bandar tersebut, <a href="/wiki/Dhaka" title="Dhaka">Dhaka</a> adalah bandar terbesar mengikut populasi dan keluasan, dengan populasi 19.10 juta.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Di <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a>, terdapat sejumlah 11 Perbadanan Bandar dan 329 Perbadanan Perbandaran dan 203 <a href="/wiki/Bandar" title="Bandar">Pekan Kecil</a>, yang berfungsi sebagai pusat bagi Upazila. Menurut bancian penduduk 2011, <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a> mempunyai penduduk bandar sebanyak 28%, dengan kadar pertumbuhan 2.8%.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pada kadar pertumbuhan ini, dianggarkan penduduk bandar Bangladesh akan mencapai 79 juta atau 42% daripada jumlah penduduk menjelang 2035. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Asia_Tenggara">Asia Tenggara</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kawasan_bandar&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Sunting bahagian: Asia Tenggara" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kawasan_bandar&action=edit&section=16" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Asia Tenggara"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="clear:both;"></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Filipina">Filipina</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kawasan_bandar&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Sunting bahagian: Filipina" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kawasan_bandar&action=edit&section=17" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Filipina"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dengan anggaran penduduk 16.3 juta orang, <a href="/wiki/Metro_Manila" title="Metro Manila">Metro Manila</a> ialah kawasan metropolitan paling ramai penduduk di <a href="/wiki/Filipina" title="Filipina">Filipina</a> dan yang <a href="/w/index.php?title=Senarai_bandar_terbesar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Senarai bandar terbesar (laman tidak wujud)">ke-11 di dunia</a>. Walau bagaimanapun, kawasan bandar raya lebih besar adalah yang <a href="/w/index.php?title=Senarai_bandar_terbesar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Senarai bandar terbesar (laman tidak wujud)">ke-5 terbesar di dunia</a> dengan populasi 20,654,307 orang (anggaran 2010).<sup id="cite_ref-WG_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WG-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Singapura">Singapura</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kawasan_bandar&veaction=edit&section=18" title="Sunting bahagian: Singapura" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kawasan_bandar&action=edit&section=18" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Singapura"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sebagai sebuah <a href="/wiki/Negara_kota" title="Negara kota">negara kota</a> pulau, kira-kira 5.6 juta orang tinggal dan bekerja dalam 700 kilometer persegi (270 bt<sup>2</sup>). Dengan 64 buah <a href="/wiki/Pulau_di_Singapura" title="Pulau di Singapura">pulau dan pulau kecil</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pulau_Ujong" title="Pulau Ujong">Pulau Singapura</a> membentuk kawasan bandar terbesar di negara ini. Menurut <a href="/w/index.php?title=Suruhanjaya_Ekonomi_dan_Sosial_Pertubuhan_Bangsa-Bangsa_Bersatu_untuk_Asia_dan_Pasifik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Suruhanjaya Ekonomi dan Sosial Pertubuhan Bangsa-Bangsa Bersatu untuk Asia dan Pasifik (laman tidak wujud)">Suruhanjaya Ekonomi dan Sosial Pertubuhan Bangsa-Bangsa Bersatu untuk Asia dan Pasifik</a>, negara ini mempunyai penduduk terbandar tertinggi di Asia Tenggara, dengan 100 peratus penduduknya tinggal di kawasan bandar.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Penguasa_Pembangunan_Semula_Bandar" title="Penguasa Pembangunan Semula Bandar">Pihak Berkuasa Pembangunan Semula Bandar</a> (URA) bertanggungjawab ke atas perancangan guna tanah bandar, yang menetapkan penggunaan tanah dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kepadatan_bandar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kepadatan bandar (laman tidak wujud)">kepadatan bandar</a> di negara itu.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Negara ini dibahagikan kepada 5 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wilayah_di_Singapura&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wilayah di Singapura (laman tidak wujud)">wilayah</a> untuk tujuan perancangan oleh URA, walaupun sebagai sebuah negara kota, Singapura ditakrifkan sebagai satu kawasan bandar bersambungan. Ia dibahagikan lagi kepada 55 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kawasan_Perancangan_Singapura&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kawasan Perancangan Singapura (laman tidak wujud)">kawasan perancangan bandar</a>, yang bertindak sebagai sempadan bandar terancang dalam negara itu.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Vietnam">Vietnam</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kawasan_bandar&veaction=edit&section=19" title="Sunting bahagian: Vietnam" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kawasan_bandar&action=edit&section=19" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Vietnam"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Di Vietnam, terdapat 6 jenis kawasan bandar: </p> <ul><li>Kawasan bandar khas (2 majlis perbandaran): <a href="/wiki/Hanoi" title="Hanoi">Hanoi</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Bandar_Raya_Ho_Chi_Minh" title="Bandar Raya Ho Chi Minh">Bandar Ho Chi Minh</a>.</li> <li>Kawasan bandar Jenis I (18 bandar wilayah dan 3 majlis perbandaran): <a href="/w/index.php?title=Long_Xuyen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Long Xuyen (laman tidak wujud)">Long Xuyên</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pleiku" title="Pleiku">Pleiku</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=My_Tho&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="My Tho (laman tidak wujud)">Mỹ Tho</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Th%E1%BB%A7_D%E1%BA%A7u_M%E1%BB%99t&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thủ Dầu Một (laman tidak wujud)">Thủ Dầu Một</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=B%E1%BA%AFc_Ninh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bắc Ninh (laman tidak wujud)">Bắc Ninh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bi%C3%AAn_H%C3%B2a" title="Biên Hòa">Biên Hòa</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=H%E1%BA%A3i_D%C6%B0%C6%A1ng&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hải Dương (laman tidak wujud)">Hải Dương</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Thanh_H%C3%B3a&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thanh Hóa (laman tidak wujud)">Thanh Hóa</a>, <a href="/wiki/H%E1%BA%A1_Long" title="Hạ Long">Hạ Long</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vi%E1%BB%87t_Tr%C3%AC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Việt Trì (laman tidak wujud)">Việt Trì</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Th%C3%A1i_Nguy%C3%AAn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thái Nguyên (laman tidak wujud)">Thái Nguyên</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nam_%C4%90%E1%BB%8Bnh" title="Nam Định">Nam Định</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vung_Tau" title="Vung Tau">Vũng Tàu</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ban_Me_Thuot&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ban Me Thuot (laman tidak wujud)">Buôn Ma Thuột</a>, <a href="/wiki/Da_Lat" title="Da Lat">Đà Lạt</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Qui_Nhon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Qui Nhon (laman tidak wujud)">Quy Nhơn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nha_Trang" title="Nha Trang">Nha Trang</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hu%E1%BA%BF" title="Huế">Huế</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vinh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vinh (laman tidak wujud)">Vinh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Can_Tho" title="Can Tho">Cần Thơ</a>, <a href="/wiki/Da_Nang" title="Da Nang">Đà Nẵng</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Hai_Phong" title="Hai Phong">Hải Phòng</a>.</li> <li>Kawasan bandar Jenis II (21 bandar wilayah dan 1 daerah): <a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2u_%C4%90%E1%BB%91c" title="Châu Đốc">Châu Đốc</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dong_Hoi" title="Dong Hoi">Đồng Hới</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=U%C3%B4ng_B%C3%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Uông Bí (laman tidak wujud)">Uông Bí</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=B%E1%BA%AFc_Giang&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bắc Giang (laman tidak wujud)">Bắc Giang</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ninh_B%C3%ACnh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ninh Bình (laman tidak wujud)">Ninh Bình</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=B%E1%BA%A1c_Li%C3%AAu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bạc Liêu (laman tidak wujud)">Bạc Liêu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ba_Ria" title="Ba Ria">Bà Rịa</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Th%C3%A1i_B%C3%ACnh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thái Bình (laman tidak wujud)">Thái Bình</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=R%E1%BA%A1ch_Gi%C3%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rạch Giá (laman tidak wujud)">Rạch Giá</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ca_Mau,_Vietnam" title="Ca Mau, Vietnam">Cà Mau</a>, <a href="/wiki/Phan_Rang%E2%80%93Th%C3%A1p_Ch%C3%A0m" class="mw-redirect" title="Phan Rang–Tháp Chàm">Phan Rang–Tháp Chàm</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tuy_Thi_H%C3%B2n&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tuy Thi Hòn (laman tidak wujud)">Tuy Thi Hòn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Phan_Thiet" title="Phan Thiet">Phan Thiết</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=V%C4%A9nh_Y%C3%AAn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vĩnh Yên (laman tidak wujud)">Vĩnh Yên</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%A0o_Cai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lào Cai (laman tidak wujud)">Lào Cai</a> and <a href="/wiki/Phu_Quoc" title="Phu Quoc">Phú Quốc</a>.</li> <li>Kawasan bandar jenis III (31 bandar wilayah dan 12 bandar).</li> <li>Kawasan bandar jenis IV (35 pekan dan 35 perbandaran).</li> <li>Kawasan bandar jenis V (586 perbandaran dan 54 komun).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Thailand">Thailand</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kawasan_bandar&veaction=edit&section=20" title="Sunting bahagian: Thailand" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kawasan_bandar&action=edit&section=20" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Thailand"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Bangkok" title="Bangkok">Bangkok</a> merupakan kawasan bandar terbesar di <a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Eropah">Eropah</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kawasan_bandar&veaction=edit&section=21" title="Sunting bahagian: Eropah" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kawasan_bandar&action=edit&section=21" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Eropah"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Finland">Finland</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kawasan_bandar&veaction=edit&section=22" title="Sunting bahagian: Finland" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kawasan_bandar&action=edit&section=22" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Finland"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Taajama_kyltti_Vimpeliss%C3%A4.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Taajama_kyltti_Vimpeliss%C3%A4.jpg/220px-Taajama_kyltti_Vimpeliss%C3%A4.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Taajama_kyltti_Vimpeliss%C3%A4.jpg/330px-Taajama_kyltti_Vimpeliss%C3%A4.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Taajama_kyltti_Vimpeliss%C3%A4.jpg/440px-Taajama_kyltti_Vimpeliss%C3%A4.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption> Papan tanda jalan di <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vimpeli&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vimpeli (laman tidak wujud)">Vimpeli</a> menunjukkan permulaan kawasan bandar di Finland</figcaption></figure> <p>Seperti di negara Nordik yang lain, kawasan bandar (<i>taajama</i> dalam <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Finland" title="Bahasa Finland">bahasa Finland</a>) di Finland mesti mempunyai bangunan sekurang-kurangnya setiap 200 m (660 ka) dan sekurang-kurangnya 200 orang. Untuk dianggap sebagai <a href="/wiki/Bandar" title="Bandar">bandar</a> atau <a href="/wiki/Bandar_raya" title="Bandar raya">bandar raya</a> (<i>kaupunki</i>) untuk tujuan statistik, kawasan bandar mesti mempunyai sekurang-kurangnya 15,000 orang. Ini tidak boleh dikelirukan dengan sebutan bandar raya/bandar yang digunakan oleh majlis perbandaran.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Perancis">Perancis</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kawasan_bandar&veaction=edit&section=23" title="Sunting bahagian: Perancis" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kawasan_bandar&action=edit&section=23" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Perancis"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Di <a href="/wiki/Perancis" title="Perancis">Perancis</a>, kawasan bandar (<i>Fr: aire d'attraction d'une ville</i>) ialah zon yang merangkumi kawasan pertumbuhan terbina (dipanggil "unit bandar" (<i>unité urbaine</i>)<sup id="cite_ref-unité_urbaine_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-unité_urbaine-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> – dekat dengan takrifan kawasan bandar Amerika Utara) dan jalur komuternya (<i>couronne</i>). Orang Amerika akan mendapati takrifan <a href="/wiki/INSEE" title="INSEE">INSEE</a> bagi kawasan bandar<sup id="cite_ref-aire_urbaine_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aire_urbaine-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> adalah serupa dengan <a href="/wiki/Kawasan_metropolitan" title="Kawasan metropolitan">kawasan metropolitan</a> mereka. </p><p> Bandar terbesar di Perancis, dari segi populasi kawasan bandar (2017), ialah <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a> (12,628,266), <a href="/wiki/Lyon" title="Lyon">Lyon</a> (2,323,221), <a href="/wiki/Marseille" title="Marseille">Marseille</a> (1,760,653), <a href="/wiki/Toulouse" title="Toulouse">Toulouse</a> (1,360,829), <a href="/wiki/Bordeaux" title="Bordeaux">Bordeaux</a> (1,247,977), <a href="/wiki/Lille" title="Lille">Lille</a> (1,10,691), <a href="/wiki/Nice" title="Nice">Nice</a> (1,006,201), <a href="/wiki/Nantes" title="Nantes">Nantes</a> (972,828), <a href="/wiki/Strasbourg" title="Strasbourg">Strasbourg</a> (790,087) dan <a href="/wiki/Rennes" title="Rennes">Rennes</a> (733,320).<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><div class="thumb tnone" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:1428px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="overflow:auto"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Tour_Eiffel_360_Panorama.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Panorama Paris seperti yang dilihat dari Menara Eiffel sebagai pemandangan penuh 360 darjah (sungai yang mengalir dari timur laut ke barat daya, kanan ke kiri)"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Tour_Eiffel_360_Panorama.jpg/1420px-Tour_Eiffel_360_Panorama.jpg" decoding="async" width="1420" height="189" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Tour_Eiffel_360_Panorama.jpg/2130px-Tour_Eiffel_360_Panorama.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Tour_Eiffel_360_Panorama.jpg/2840px-Tour_Eiffel_360_Panorama.jpg 2x" data-file-width="10500" data-file-height="1400" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Tour_Eiffel_360_Panorama.jpg" title="Fail:Tour Eiffel 360 Panorama.jpg"> </a></div>Panorama Paris seperti yang dilihat dari <a href="/wiki/Menara_Eiffel" title="Menara Eiffel">Menara Eiffel</a> sebagai pemandangan penuh 360 darjah (sungai yang mengalir dari timur laut ke barat daya, kanan ke kiri)</div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Jerman">Jerman</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kawasan_bandar&veaction=edit&section=24" title="Sunting bahagian: Jerman" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kawasan_bandar&action=edit&section=24" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Jerman"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><p> Jerman mempunyai beberapa bandar besar. <a href="/wiki/Bandar_gabungan" title="Bandar gabungan">Konurbasi</a> terbesar ialah wilayah <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rhine-Ruhr&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rhine-Ruhr (laman tidak wujud)">Rhine-Ruhr</a> (11 juta Setakat 2008<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag kemaskini" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kawasan_bandar&action=edit">[kemas kini]</a></sup>), termasuk <a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf" title="Düsseldorf">Düsseldorf</a> (ibu kota <a href="/wiki/North_Rhine-Westphalia" title="North Rhine-Westphalia">Rhine-Westphalia Utara</a>), <a href="/wiki/Cologne" title="Cologne">Cologne</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bonn" title="Bonn">Bonn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dortmund" title="Dortmund">Dortmund</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Essen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Essen (laman tidak wujud)">Essen</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Duisburg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Duisburg (laman tidak wujud)">Duisburg</a> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bochum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bochum (laman tidak wujud)">Bochum</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><div style="clear:both;"></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Belanda">Belanda</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kawasan_bandar&veaction=edit&section=25" title="Sunting bahagian: Belanda" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kawasan_bandar&action=edit&section=25" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Belanda"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Belanda ialah negara ke-30 <a href="/wiki/Senarai_negara_mengikut_kepadatan_penduduk" title="Senarai negara mengikut kepadatan penduduk">paling padat penduduk</a> di dunia, dengan 404.6 inhabitants per kilometer persegi (1,048/sq mi) —atau 497 inhabitants per kilometer persegi (1,287/sq mi) jika hanya keluasan tanah dikira. Randstad ialah <a href="/wiki/Bandar_gabungan" title="Bandar gabungan">konurbasi</a> terbesar di negara ini yang terletak di barat negara dan mengandungi empat bandar terbesar: <a href="/wiki/Amsterdam" title="Amsterdam">Amsterdam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rotterdam" title="Rotterdam">Rotterdam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Den_Haag" title="Den Haag">The Hague</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Utrecht_(Utrecht)" title="Utrecht (Utrecht)">Utrecht</a>. Randstad mempunyai populasi seramai 7  juta penduduk dan merupakan <a href="/wiki/Kawasan_metropolitan" title="Kawasan metropolitan">kawasan metropolitan</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Senarai_kawasan_metropolitan_di_Eropah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Senarai kawasan metropolitan di Eropah (laman tidak wujud)">ke-6 terbesar</a> di Eropah. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Norway">Norway</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kawasan_bandar&veaction=edit&section=26" title="Sunting bahagian: Norway" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kawasan_bandar&action=edit&section=26" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Norway"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Statistik Norway menakrifkan kawasan bandar ("tettsteder") sama seperti negara Nordik yang lain. Tidak seperti di Denmark dan Sweden, jarak antara setiap bangunan mestilah kurang daripada 50 m, walaupun pengecualian dibuat kerana taman, kawasan perindustrian, sungai, dan seumpamanya. Kumpulan rumah kurang daripada 400 m dari badan utama sesebuah kawasan bandar adalah termasuk dalam kawasan bandar tersebut.<sup id="cite_ref-ssb1_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ssb1-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Poland">Poland</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kawasan_bandar&veaction=edit&section=27" title="Sunting bahagian: Poland" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kawasan_bandar&action=edit&section=27" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Poland"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a>, official "urban" population figures simply refer to those localities which have the status of towns (<i>miasta</i>). The "rural" population is that of all areas outside the boundaries of these towns. This distinction may give a misleading impression in some cases, since some localities with only village status may have acquired larger and denser populations than many many smaller towns<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with most excessive example of <a href="/wiki/Pozna%C5%84" title="Poznań">Poznań</a>, most spread urban area of the country with population of the city app. 534 thousand and urban area above 1,100 thousand inhabitants. On the other hand, the Upper Silesian Industrial Region conurbation with numerous large and medium cities covers 3,200 km and has approximately 3 million people. The metropolitan areas in Poland are the biggest urban zones (e.g. Upper Silesian metropolitan area, Łódź metropolitan area and Szczecin metropolitan area) and have great impact on the rural surroundings, as it is around <a href="/wiki/Lublin" title="Lublin">Lublin</a>, Radom, <a href="/wiki/Kielce" title="Kielce">Kielce</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tarn%C3%B3w" title="Tarnów">Tarnów</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Białystok">Białystok</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Rusia">Rusia</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kawasan_bandar&veaction=edit&section=28" title="Sunting bahagian: Rusia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kawasan_bandar&action=edit&section=28" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Rusia"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Business_Centre_of_Moscow_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Business_Centre_of_Moscow_2.jpg/220px-Business_Centre_of_Moscow_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Business_Centre_of_Moscow_2.jpg/330px-Business_Centre_of_Moscow_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Business_Centre_of_Moscow_2.jpg/440px-Business_Centre_of_Moscow_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1333" /></a><figcaption> Moscow, ibu kota dan bandar terbesar di Rusia</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a>, ibu kota dan bandar terbesar di <a href="/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia">Rusia</a>, mempunyai penduduk dianggarkan 12.4 juta penduduk dalam had bandar,<sup id="cite_ref-est.2020_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-est.2020-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> manakala lebih 17 juta penduduk di kawasan bandar,<sup id="cite_ref-Urban_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Urban-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> dan lebih 20 juta penduduk di Kawasan Metropolitan Moscow.<sup id="cite_ref-Megapolis_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Megapolis-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ia adalah antara <a href="/w/index.php?title=Senarai_bandar_terbesar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Senarai bandar terbesar (laman tidak wujud)">bandar terbesar di dunia</a>, menjadi bandar paling ramai penduduk sepenuhnya di <a href="/wiki/Eropah" title="Eropah">Eropah</a>, kawasan bandar paling ramai penduduk di Eropah,<sup id="cite_ref-Urban_37-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Urban-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> kawasan metropolitan paling ramai penduduk di Eropah,<sup id="cite_ref-Megapolis_38-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Megapolis-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> dan juga bandar terbesar mengikut kawasan darat di Eropah benua.<sup id="cite_ref-Planète_Énergies_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Planète_Énergies-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Saint_Petersburg" title="Saint Petersburg">Saint Petersburg</a>, ibu kota kebudayaan, ialah bandar kedua terbesar, dengan populasi kira-kira 5.4 juta penduduk.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kawasan bandar utama lain ialah <a href="/wiki/Yekaterinburg" title="Yekaterinburg">Yekaterinburg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Novosibirsk" title="Novosibirsk">Novosibirsk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kazan" title="Kazan">Kazan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nizhny_Novgorod" title="Nizhny Novgorod">Nizhny Novgorod</a> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chelyabinsk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chelyabinsk (laman tidak wujud)">Chelyabinsk</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Sepanyol">Sepanyol</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kawasan_bandar&veaction=edit&section=29" title="Sunting bahagian: Sepanyol" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kawasan_bandar&action=edit&section=29" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Sepanyol"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Sepanyol" title="Sepanyol">Sepanyol</a> adalah sebuah negara yang sangat urban. <a href="/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid">Madrid</a> ialah kawasan bandar terbesarnya. Pantai Selatan dan Timur dengan <a href="/wiki/Barcelona" title="Barcelona">Barcelona</a>, <a href="/wiki/Valencia" title="Valencia">Valencia</a> dan <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A1laga" title="Málaga">Málaga</a> lebih urbanisasi berbanding di Utara dan Barat. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Sweden">Sweden</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kawasan_bandar&veaction=edit&section=30" title="Sunting bahagian: Sweden" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kawasan_bandar&action=edit&section=30" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Sweden"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kawasan bandar di Sweden (<i>tätorter</i>) ialah lokaliti yang ditakrifkan secara statistik, sepenuhnya bebas daripada subbahagian pentadbiran negara. Terdapat 1,956 lokaliti sedemikian di <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a>, dengan populasi antara 200 hingga 1,372,000 penduduk.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="United_Kingdom">United Kingdom</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kawasan_bandar&veaction=edit&section=31" title="Sunting bahagian: United Kingdom" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kawasan_bandar&action=edit&section=31" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: United Kingdom"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pada tahun 2013, Pejabat Perangkaan Kebangsaan (ONS) <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> menerbitkan <i>2011 Kawasan Binaan - Metodologi dan Panduan</i> yang menetapkan takrifnya <b>kawasan binaan</b> sebagai kawasan tanah binaan sekurang-kurangnya 20 hektar (0.077 bt<sup>2</sup>), dipisahkan daripada penempatan lain sekurang-kurangnya 200 meter (660 ka). Untuk data banci 2011 terdapat 5,493 kawasan binaan, yang 501 daripadanya dibahagikan kepada <b>sub-bahagian kawasan binaan</b> yang datanya juga tersedia. Setiap kawasan terbina dinamakan mengikut algoritma, menggunakan data nama tempat Tinjauan Ordnans.<sup id="cite_ref-ons_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ons-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>ONS telah menghasilkan hasil banci dari kawasan bandar sejak 1951, sejak 1981 berdasarkan tahap pembangunan bandar yang tidak dapat dipulihkan yang ditunjukkan pada peta Ukur Ordnans. Takrifannya ialah seluas sekurang-kurangnya 20 ha dan sekurang-kurangnya 1,500 penduduk bancian. Kawasan berasingan disambungkan jika jaraknya kurang daripada 200 m (220 ela). Termasuk adalah ciri pengangkutan.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> UK mempunyai lima Kawasan Bandar dengan populasi lebih sejuta dan enam puluh sembilan lagi dengan populasi lebih seratus ribu orang. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Oseania">Oseania</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kawasan_bandar&veaction=edit&section=32" title="Sunting bahagian: Oseania" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kawasan_bandar&action=edit&section=32" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Oseania"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Australia">Australia</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kawasan_bandar&veaction=edit&section=33" title="Sunting bahagian: Australia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kawasan_bandar&action=edit&section=33" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Australia"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><p> Biro Perangkaan Australia merujuk kepada kawasan bandar sebagai Pusat Bandar, yang secara amnya ditakrifkan sebagai kelompok populasi 1,000 atau lebih orang.<sup id="cite_ref-AUS_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AUS-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Australia adalah salah satu negara yang paling terurbanisasi di dunia, dengan lebih daripada 50% penduduk tinggal di tiga pusat bandar terbesar di Australia.<sup id="cite_ref-AUS_44-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AUS-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><div class="thumb tnone" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:808px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="overflow:auto"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Sydney_Harbour_Bridge_night.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Sydney ialah bandar terbesar di Australia, menempatkan 5.3 juta penduduk."><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Sydney_Harbour_Bridge_night.jpg/800px-Sydney_Harbour_Bridge_night.jpg" decoding="async" width="800" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Sydney_Harbour_Bridge_night.jpg/1200px-Sydney_Harbour_Bridge_night.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Sydney_Harbour_Bridge_night.jpg/1600px-Sydney_Harbour_Bridge_night.jpg 2x" data-file-width="13742" data-file-height="3431" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Sydney_Harbour_Bridge_night.jpg" title="Fail:Sydney Harbour Bridge night.jpg"> </a></div><a href="/wiki/Sydney" title="Sydney">Sydney</a> ialah bandar terbesar di Australia, menempatkan 5.3 juta penduduk.<sup id="cite_ref-ABSMRSYD_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ABSMRSYD-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Amerika_Utara">Amerika Utara</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kawasan_bandar&veaction=edit&section=34" title="Sunting bahagian: Amerika Utara" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kawasan_bandar&action=edit&section=34" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Amerika Utara"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Kanada">Kanada</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kawasan_bandar&veaction=edit&section=35" title="Sunting bahagian: Kanada" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kawasan_bandar&action=edit&section=35" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Kanada"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><p> Menurut Statistik Kanada, kawasan bandar di <a href="/wiki/Kanada" title="Kanada">Kanada</a> ialah kawasan dengan populasi sekurang-kurangnya 1,000 orang dengan kepadatan tidak kurang daripada 400 orang setiap kilometer persegi (1,000/bt<sup>2</sup>).<sup id="cite_ref-StatCan1_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-StatCan1-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jika dua atau lebih kawasan bandar berada dalam jarak 2 km (1.2 bt) antara satu sama lain melalui jalan raya, kawasan tersebut digabungkan menjadi satu kawasan bandar, dengan syarat mereka tidak melepasi kawasan metropolitan banci atau sempadan aglomerasi banci.<sup id="cite_ref-StatCan2_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-StatCan2-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><div style="clear:both;"></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Mexico">Mexico</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kawasan_bandar&veaction=edit&section=36" title="Sunting bahagian: Mexico" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kawasan_bandar&action=edit&section=36" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Mexico"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Mexico adalah salah satu daripada banyak negara yang kadar pembandarannya adalah sekurang-kurangnya 80%. <a href="/wiki/Bandar_Raya_Mexico" title="Bandar Raya Mexico">Bandar Raya Mexico</a>, ibu kotanya, ialah kawasan bandar terbesar di negara ini. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Amerika_Syarikat">Amerika Syarikat</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kawasan_bandar&veaction=edit&section=37" title="Sunting bahagian: Amerika Syarikat" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kawasan_bandar&action=edit&section=37" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Amerika Syarikat"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Di Amerika Syarikat, <a href="/wiki/Biro_Bancian_Amerika_Syarikat" title="Biro Bancian Amerika Syarikat">Biro Bancian</a> menakrifkan kawasan bandar dan menggariskan sempadan kawasan bandar selepas setiap banci. Biro mentakrifkan kawasan bandar sebagai "sebuah entiti geografi statistik yang terdiri daripada teras padat yang diwujudkan daripada <a href="/w/index.php?title=Blok_bancian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Blok bancian (laman tidak wujud)">blok bancian</a> dan wilayah kelayakan bersebelahan yang bersama-sama mempunyai sekurang-kurangnya 2,000 unit rumah atau 5,000 orang."<sup id="cite_ref-US_2020_criteria_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-US_2020_criteria-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Terdapat 2,646 kawasan bandar yang dikenal pasti oleh Biro Banci untuk 2020. 511 daripadanya mempunyai populasi 50,000 orang atau lebih.<sup id="cite_ref-US_2020_list_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-US_2020_list-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Amerika_Selatan">Amerika Selatan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kawasan_bandar&veaction=edit&section=38" title="Sunting bahagian: Amerika Selatan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kawasan_bandar&action=edit&section=38" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Amerika Selatan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Argentina">Argentina</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kawasan_bandar&veaction=edit&section=39" title="Sunting bahagian: Argentina" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kawasan_bandar&action=edit&section=39" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Argentina"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Argentina sangat terurbanisasi.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sepuluh kawasan metropolitan terbesar merangkumi separuh daripada penduduk, dan kurang daripada satu daripada sepuluh tinggal di kawasan luar bandar. Kira-kira 3 juta orang tinggal di Bandar Buenos Aires dan kawasan metropolitan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Buenos_Aires_Raya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Buenos Aires Raya (laman tidak wujud)">Buenos Aires Raya</a> berjumlah sekitar 15 juta, menjadikannya salah satu kawasan bandar terbesar di dunia, dengan populasi 18 juta kesemuanya.<sup id="cite_ref-majorcities_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-majorcities-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/C%C3%B3rdoba,_Argentina" title="Córdoba, Argentina">Córdoba</a> mempunyai kira-kira 1.5 juta orang yang tinggal di kawasan bandar, manakala <a href="/wiki/Rosario" title="Rosario">Rosario</a>, Mendoza dan Tucumán mempunyai kira-kira 1.2 juta penduduk setiap satu<sup id="cite_ref-majorcities_51-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-majorcities-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> dan La Plata, <a href="/wiki/Mar_del_Plata" title="Mar del Plata">Mar del Plata</a>, Salta dan <a href="/wiki/Santa_Fe,_Argentina" title="Santa Fe, Argentina">Santa Fe</a><sup id="cite_ref-majorcities_51-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-majorcities-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> mempunyai sekurang-kurangnya 500,000 orang setiap satu. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Brazil">Brazil</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kawasan_bandar&veaction=edit&section=40" title="Sunting bahagian: Brazil" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kawasan_bandar&action=edit&section=40" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Brazil"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Di <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a>, istilah <i>kawasan metropolitan</i> (Bahasa Portugis: <i>região metropolitana</i>) dan aglomerasi bandar (<i>aglomeração urbana</i>) mempunyai makna khusus. Mereka ditakrifkan oleh perundangan persekutuan dan negeri sebagai koleksi majlis perbandaran yang tertumpu pada "mengintegrasikan organisasi, perancangan dan pelaksanaan fungsi awam kepentingan bersama". Kawasan pembangunan bersepadu (<i>região integrada de desenvolvimento</i>) ialah salah satu daripada dua struktur di atas yang merentasi sempadan negeri (atau Daerah Persekutuan). </p> <div class="thumb tnone" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:808px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="overflow:auto"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Skyline_of_S%C3%A3o_Paulo_at_dusk_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Latar langit São Paulo, bandar terbesar di Brazil"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/68/Skyline_of_S%C3%A3o_Paulo_at_dusk_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="800" height="250" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="791" data-file-height="247" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Skyline_of_S%C3%A3o_Paulo_at_dusk_(cropped).jpg" title="Fail:Skyline of São Paulo at dusk (cropped).jpg"> </a></div>Latar langit <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Paulo" title="São Paulo">São Paulo</a>, bandar terbesar di Brazil</div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Chile">Chile</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kawasan_bandar&veaction=edit&section=41" title="Sunting bahagian: Chile" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kawasan_bandar&action=edit&section=41" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Chile"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a> sangat terurbanisasi, sama seperti Argentina. Kawasan bandar terbesar di negara ini ialah ibu kotanya, <a href="/wiki/Santiago,_Chile" title="Santiago, Chile">Santiago</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lihat_juga">Lihat juga</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kawasan_bandar&veaction=edit&section=42" title="Sunting bahagian: Lihat juga" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kawasan_bandar&action=edit&section=42" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Lihat juga"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><p>  </p><div class="div-col columns column-count column-count-2" style="-moz-column-count: 2; -webkit-column-count: 2; column-count: 2;"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Persekitaran_maju&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Persekitaran maju (laman tidak wujud)">Persekitaran maju</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Klimatologi_bandar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Klimatologi bandar (laman tidak wujud)">Klimatologi bandar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Budaya_bandar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Budaya bandar (laman tidak wujud)">Budaya bandar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kemerosotan_bandar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kemerosotan bandar (laman tidak wujud)">Kemerosotan bandar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penjelajahan_bandar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Penjelajahan bandar (laman tidak wujud)">Penjelajahan bandar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perancangan_bandar" title="Perancangan bandar">Perancangan bandar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pembaharuan_bandar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pembaharuan bandar (laman tidak wujud)">Pembaharuan bandar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pembandaran" title="Pembandaran">Pembandaran</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kesegaran_bandar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kesegaran bandar (laman tidak wujud)">Kesegaran bandar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penampalan_permukaan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Penampalan permukaan (laman tidak wujud)">Penampalan permukaan</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rujukan">Rujukan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kawasan_bandar&veaction=edit&section=43" title="Sunting bahagian: Rujukan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kawasan_bandar&action=edit&section=43" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Rujukan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r6173370">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r5110723">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/FR-2010-06-28/pdf/2010-15605.pdf">"Federal Register/Vol. 75, No. 123/Monday, June 28, 2010/Notices"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. US Census Bureau<span class="reference-accessdate">. Dicapai pada <span class="nowrap">July 22,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Federal+Register%2FVol.+75%2C+No.+123%2FMonday%2C+June+28%2C+2010%2FNotices&rft.pub=US+Census+Bureau&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.govinfo.gov%2Fcontent%2Fpkg%2FFR-2010-06-28%2Fpdf%2F2010-15605.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3AKawasan+bandar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFMorris2013" class="citation book cs1">Morris, A.E.J. (2 December 2013). "The Early Cities". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=whBEAgAAQBAJ"><i>History of Urban Form Before the Industrial Revolution</i></a> (ed. 3). London: Routledge. m/s. 1. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/9781317885146" title="Khas:Sumber buku/9781317885146"><bdi>9781317885146</bdi></a>. <q>[...] the Bronze Age, starting between 3500 and 3000 BC [...]. During this [...] period the first urban civilizations were firmly established.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Early+Cities&rft.btitle=History+of+Urban+Form+Before+the+Industrial+Revolution&rft.place=London&rft.pages=1&rft.edition=3&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2013-12-02&rft.isbn=9781317885146&rft.aulast=Morris&rft.aufirst=A.E.J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DwhBEAgAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3AKawasan+bandar" class="Z3988"></span> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-UrbanPopulation-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-UrbanPopulation_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-UrbanPopulation_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140714211145/http://www.heraldglobe.com/index.php/sid/223727231/scat/2411cd3571b4f088/ht/City-population-to-reach-64bn-by-2050">"City population to reach 6.4bn by 2050"</a>. <i>Herald Globe</i>. Diarkibkan daripada <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.heraldglobe.com/index.php/sid/223727231/scat/2411cd3571b4f088/ht/City-population-to-reach-64bn-by-2050">yang asal</a> pada 2014-07-14<span class="reference-accessdate">. Dicapai pada <span class="nowrap">11 July</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Herald+Globe&rft.atitle=City+population+to+reach+6.4bn+by+2050&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.heraldglobe.com%2Findex.php%2Fsid%2F223727231%2Fscat%2F2411cd3571b4f088%2Fht%2FCity-population-to-reach-64bn-by-2050&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3AKawasan+bandar" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="error mw-ext-cite-error" lang="ms" dir="ltr">Ralat petik: Tag <code><ref></code> tidak sah, nama "UrbanPopulation" digunakan secara berulang dengan kandungan yang berbeza</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.un.org/en/development/desa/population/publications/urbanization/urban-rural.shtml">"United Nations Population Division – Department of Economic and Social Affairs"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=United+Nations+Population+Division+%E2%80%93+Department+of+Economic+and+Social+Affairs&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.un.org%2Fen%2Fdevelopment%2Fdesa%2Fpopulation%2Fpublications%2Furbanization%2Furban-rural.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3AKawasan+bandar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120308235946/http://www.who.int/gho/urban_health/situation_trends/urban_population_growth_text/en/">"Urban population growth"</a>. 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Dicapai pada <span class="nowrap">October 24,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=RUSSIA%3A+Severo-Zapadnyj+Federal%27nyj+Okrug%3A+Northwestern+Federal+District&rft.pub=City+Population.de&rft.date=2020-08-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.citypopulation.de%2Fen%2Frussia%2Fcities%2Fnorthwestern%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3AKawasan+bandar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120112062733/http://www.scb.se/Pages/PressRelease____317009.aspx">"Fortsatt stor ökning av befolkning i tätorter"</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Statistics_Sweden&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Statistics Sweden (laman tidak wujud)">Statistics Sweden</a>. Diarkibkan daripada <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scb.se/Pages/PressRelease____317009.aspx">yang asal</a> pada 2012-01-12<span class="reference-accessdate">. Dicapai pada <span class="nowrap">2011-06-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Fortsatt+stor+%C3%B6kning+av+befolkning+i+t%C3%A4torter&rft.pub=Statistics+Sweden&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scb.se%2FPages%2FPressRelease____317009.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3AKawasan+bandar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ons-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ons_42-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFONS_Geography2015" class="citation web cs1">ONS Geography (August 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://geoportal.statistics.gov.uk/documents/ons::built-up-areas-user-guidance-1/explore">"2011 Built-up Areas - Methodology and Guidance"</a>. Office for National Statistics.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2011+Built-up+Areas+-+Methodology+and+Guidance&rft.pub=Office+for+National+Statistics&rft.date=2015-08&rft.au=ONS+Geography&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgeoportal.statistics.gov.uk%2Fdocuments%2Fons%3A%3Abuilt-up-areas-user-guidance-1%2Fexplore&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3AKawasan+bandar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.statistics.gov.uk/StatBase/ssdataset.asp?vlnk=8271&Pos=2&ColRank=1&Rank=224">KS01 Usual resident population: Census 2001, Key Statistics for urban areas</a> <br />For the OS definition of an Urban Area, see the notes tab on the Excel version.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AUS-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-AUS_44-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AUS_44-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/Lookup/2901.0Chapter23102011">"Australian Statistical Geography Standard (ASGS)"</a>. 23 May 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Dicapai pada <span class="nowrap">21 October</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Australian+Statistical+Geography+Standard+%28ASGS%29&rft.date=2011-05-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.abs.gov.au%2Fausstats%2Fabs%40.nsf%2FLookup%2F2901.0Chapter23102011&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3AKawasan+bandar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ABSMRSYD-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ABSMRSYD_45-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210330092152/https://www.abs.gov.au/statistics/people/population/regional-population/latest-release">"3218.0 – Regional Population Growth, Australia, 2019–20"</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Australian_Bureau_of_Statistics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Australian Bureau of Statistics (laman tidak wujud)">Australian Bureau of Statistics</a>. 30 March 2021. Diarkibkan daripada <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.abs.gov.au/statistics/people/population/regional-population/latest-release">yang asal</a> pada 30 March 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Dicapai pada <span class="nowrap">30 March</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=3218.0+%E2%80%93+Regional+Population+Growth%2C+Australia%2C+2019%E2%80%9320&rft.pub=Australian+Bureau+of+Statistics&rft.date=2021-03-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.abs.gov.au%2Fstatistics%2Fpeople%2Fpopulation%2Fregional-population%2Flatest-release&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3AKawasan+bandar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-StatCan1-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-StatCan1_46-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2006/ref/dict/geo049-eng.cfm">"Urban area (UA)"</a>. Statistics Canada. 2009-11-20<span class="reference-accessdate">. Dicapai pada <span class="nowrap">2011-01-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Urban+area+%28UA%29&rft.pub=Statistics+Canada&rft.date=2009-11-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww12.statcan.gc.ca%2Fcensus-recensement%2F2006%2Fref%2Fdict%2Fgeo049-eng.cfm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3AKawasan+bandar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-StatCan2-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-StatCan2_47-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2006/ref/dict/geo049a-eng.cfm">"More information on Urban area (UA)"</a>. Statistics Canada. 2009-11-20<span class="reference-accessdate">. Dicapai pada <span class="nowrap">2011-01-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=More+information+on+Urban+area+%28UA%29&rft.pub=Statistics+Canada&rft.date=2009-11-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww12.statcan.gc.ca%2Fcensus-recensement%2F2006%2Fref%2Fdict%2Fgeo049a-eng.cfm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3AKawasan+bandar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-US_2020_criteria-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-US_2020_criteria_48-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFUnited_States_Census_Bureau2022" class="citation web cs1">United States Census Bureau (March 24, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2022/03/24/2022-06180/urban-area-criteria-for-the-2020-census-final-criteria">"Urban Area Criteria for the 2020 Census-Final Criteria"</a>. <i>Federal Register</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Federal+Register&rft.atitle=Urban+Area+Criteria+for+the+2020+Census-Final+Criteria&rft.date=2022-03-24&rft.au=United+States+Census+Bureau&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.federalregister.gov%2Fdocuments%2F2022%2F03%2F24%2F2022-06180%2Furban-area-criteria-for-the-2020-census-final-criteria&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3AKawasan+bandar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-US_2020_list-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-US_2020_list_49-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/geography/guidance/geo-areas/urban-rural.html">"List of 2020 Census Urban Areas"</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Census_Bureau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="United States Census Bureau (laman tidak wujud)">United States Census Bureau</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Dicapai pada <span class="nowrap">December 30,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=List+of+2020+Census+Urban+Areas&rft.pub=United+States+Census+Bureau&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Fprograms-surveys%2Fgeography%2Fguidance%2Fgeo-areas%2Furban-rural.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3AKawasan+bandar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090725144030/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2212.html?countryName=Argentina&countryCode=AR&regionCode=sa&#ar">"Field listing – Urbanization"</a>. <i>The World Factbook</i>. CIA. Diarkibkan daripada <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2212.html?countryName=Argentina&countryCode=ar&regionCode=sa&#ar">yang asal</a> pada July 25, 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+World+Factbook&rft.atitle=Field+listing+%E2%80%93+Urbanization&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Flibrary%2Fpublications%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Ffields%2F2212.html%3FcountryName%3DArgentina%26countryCode%3Dar%26regionCode%3Dsa%26%23ar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3AKawasan+bandar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-majorcities-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-majorcities_51-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-majorcities_51-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-majorcities_51-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.argentina.gov.ar/argentina/portal/paginas.dhtml?pagina=1484">"Major Cities"</a>. Government of Argentina. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090919212817/http://www.argentina.gov.ar/argentina/portal/paginas.dhtml?pagina=1484">Diarkibkan</a> daripada yang asal pada 19 September 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Major+Cities&rft.pub=Government+of+Argentina&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.argentina.gov.ar%2Fargentina%2Fportal%2Fpaginas.dhtml%3Fpagina%3D1484&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3AKawasan+bandar" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="error mw-ext-cite-error" lang="ms" dir="ltr">Ralat petik: Tag <code><ref></code> tidak sah, nama "majorcities" digunakan secara berulang dengan kandungan yang berbeza</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100117032939/http://turismo.municipalidad-salta.gov.ar:8081/ubicacion.aspx">"Ubicación de la ciudad de salta"</a> (dalam bahasa Sepanyol). Directorate-General of Tourism, Municipality of the City of Salta. Diarkibkan daripada <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://turismo.municipalidad-salta.gov.ar:8081/ubicacion.aspx">yang asal</a> pada 2010-01-17.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ubicaci%C3%B3n+de+la+ciudad+de+salta&rft.pub=Directorate-General+of+Tourism%2C+Municipality+of+the+City+of+Salta&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fturismo.municipalidad-salta.gov.ar%3A8081%2Fubicacion.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3AKawasan+bandar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pautan_luar">Pautan luar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kawasan_bandar&veaction=edit&section=44" title="Sunting bahagian: Pautan luar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kawasan_bandar&action=edit&section=44" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Pautan luar"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/sconcerns/densurb/Defintion_of%20Urban.pdf">Bahagian Perangkaan Pertubuhan Bangsa-Bangsa Bersatu (UNSTAT): Definisi "bandar"</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.demographia.com/db-worldua.pdf">Kawasan Bandar Dunia</a> Semua kawasan perbandaran dunia yang dikenal pasti 500,000+ dan lain-lain: Populasi & Kepadatan.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://arquivo.pt/wayback/20091226080929/http://www.e-geopolis.eu/">Geopolis</a> : kumpulan penyelidikan, Universiti Paris-Diderot, Perancis untuk kawasan bandar dunia</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sedac.ciesin.columbia.edu/gpw/global.jsp">Penduduk Dunia Berjalur</a> – mengandungi pautan ke definisi dan peta kawasan bandar untuk lebih 230 negara/wilayah</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.citymayors.com/statistics/urban_2006_1.html">Datuk Bandar Bandar – Kawasan Bandar Terbesar Di Dunia pada tahun 2006</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.citymayors.com/statistics/urban_2020_1.html">Datuk Bandar Bandar – Kawasan Bandar Terbesar Di Dunia Diunjurkan untuk 2020</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.populationdata.net/index2.php?option=palmares&rid=4&nom=grandes-villes">PopulationData – Kawasan bandar terbesar di dunia 1,000,000+ penduduk</a></li></ul> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Templat:Cities&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Templat:Cities (laman tidak wujud)">Templat:Cities</a></p><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Pembahagian_pentadbiran_negara" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" 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transparent;color:inherit;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">s</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Pembahagian_pentadbiran_negara" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Subbahagian_negara&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Subbahagian negara (laman tidak wujud)">Pembahagian pentadbiran negara</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Bailiwik" class="mw-redirect" title="Bailiwik">Bailiwik</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Bandar" title="Bandar">Bandar</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Bandar_raya" title="Bandar raya">Bandar raya</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Banner_(entiti_subnegara)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Banner (entiti subnegara) (laman tidak wujud)">Banner</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Blok_(entiti_subnegara)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Blok (entiti subnegara) (laman tidak wujud)">Blok</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Boro" title="Boro">Boro</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bulatan_(entiti_subnegara)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bulatan (entiti subnegara) (laman tidak wujud)">Bulatan</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Burgh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Burgh (laman tidak wujud)">Burgh</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Daerah" title="Daerah">Daerah</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Desa" class="mw-redirect" title="Desa">Desa</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Divisyen_(entiti_subnegara)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Divisyen (entiti subnegara) (laman tidak wujud)">Divisyen</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Duchy" class="mw-redirect" title="Duchy">Duchy</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dukuh_(entiti_subnegara)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dukuh (entiti subnegara) (laman tidak wujud)">Dukuh</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gabenorat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gabenorat (laman tidak wujud)">Gabenorat</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hundred_(bahagian)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hundred (bahagian) (laman tidak wujud)">Hundred</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Jabatan_(pembahagian_pentadbiran)" title="Jabatan (pembahagian pentadbiran)">Jabatan</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Jajahan" title="Jajahan">Jajahan</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jiranan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jiranan (laman tidak wujud)">Jiranan</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Kanton" class="mw-disambig" title="Kanton">Kanton</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kariah_(entiti_subnegara)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kariah (entiti subnegara) (laman tidak wujud)">Kariah</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Kaunti" title="Kaunti">Kaunti</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Kawasan" class="mw-redirect" title="Kawasan">Kawasan</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Kawasan_pilihan_raya" title="Kawasan pilihan raya">Kawasan pilihan raya</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Komun_(entiti_subnegara)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Komun (entiti subnegara) (laman tidak wujud)">Komun</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Komuniti_(entiti_subnegara)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Komuniti (entiti subnegara) (laman tidak wujud)">Komuniti</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Krof&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Krof (laman tidak wujud)">Krof</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Litar_(entiti_subnegara)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Litar (entiti subnegara) (laman tidak wujud)">Litar</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Majlis_(entiti_subnegara)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Majlis (entiti subnegara) (laman tidak wujud)">Majlis</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Negeri" class="mw-redirect" title="Negeri">Negeri</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Perbandaran" class="mw-redirect" title="Perbandaran">Perbandaran</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Perbandaran_bermajlis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Perbandaran bermajlis (laman tidak wujud)">Perbandaran bermajlis</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Periferi_(entiti_subnegara)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Periferi (entiti subnegara) (laman tidak wujud)">Periferi</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Prefektur" title="Prefektur">Prefektur</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Provinsi" title="Provinsi">Provinsi</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Republik_(entiti_subnegara)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Republik (entiti subnegara) (laman tidak wujud)">Republik</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Shire&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shire (laman tidak wujud)">Shire</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Subdaerah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Subdaerah (laman tidak wujud)">Subdaerah</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Subprefektur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Subprefektur (laman tidak wujud)">Subprefektur</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Voivod&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Voivod (laman tidak wujud)">Voivod</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wad_(entiti_subnegara)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wad (entiti subnegara) (laman tidak wujud)">Wad</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Wilayah" title="Wilayah">Wilayah</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;">Pentadbiran</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaunti_pentadbiran&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kaunti pentadbiran (laman tidak wujud)">Kaunti</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ibu_daerah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ibu daerah (laman tidak wujud)">Daerah</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Ibu_kota" title="Ibu kota">Kota</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ibu_wilayah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ibu wilayah (laman tidak wujud)">Wilayah</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Entiti_autonomi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Entiti autonomi (laman tidak wujud)">Autonomi</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Banner_autonomi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Banner autonomi (laman tidak wujud)">Banner</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bandar_raya_autonomi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bandar raya autonomi (laman tidak wujud)">Bandar raya</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Daerah_autonomi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daerah autonomi (laman tidak wujud)">Daerah</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaunti_autonomi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kaunti autonomi (laman tidak wujud)">Kaunti</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kawasan_autonomi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kawasan autonomi (laman tidak wujud)">Kawasan</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Komuniti_autonomi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Komuniti autonomi (laman tidak wujud)">Komuniti</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Prefektur_autonomi_(entiti_subnegara)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Prefektur autonomi (entiti subnegara) (laman tidak wujud)">Prefektur</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Provinsi_autonomi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Provinsi autonomi (laman tidak wujud)">Provinsi</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Republik_autonomi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Republik autonomi (laman tidak wujud)">Republik</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wad_autonomi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wad autonomi (laman tidak wujud)">Wad</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Banci" title="Banci">Banci</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahagian_banci&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahagian banci (laman tidak wujud)">Banci</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Subbahagian_banci&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Subbahagian banci (laman tidak wujud)">Subbahagian</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;">Sivil</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kariah_sivil&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kariah sivil (laman tidak wujud)">Kariah</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Perbandaran_sivil&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Perbandaran sivil (laman tidak wujud)">Perbandaran</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;">Kaunti</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boro_kaunti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Boro kaunti (laman tidak wujud)">Boro</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Persekutuan" title="Persekutuan">Persekutuan</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ibu_daerah_persekutuan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ibu daerah persekutuan (laman tidak wujud)">Ibu daerah</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wilayah_ibu_negara&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wilayah ibu negara (laman tidak wujud)">Wilayah ibu negara</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Wilayah_persekutuan" title="Wilayah persekutuan">Wilayah persekutuan</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wilayah_tanggungan_persekutuan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wilayah tanggungan persekutuan (laman tidak wujud)">Wilayah tanggungan</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Kerajaan_tempatan" title="Kerajaan tempatan">Tempatan</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kawasan_kerajaan_tempatan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kawasan kerajaan tempatan (laman tidak wujud)">Kawasan kerajaan</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Majlis_tempatan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Majlis tempatan (laman tidak wujud)">Majlis</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Unit_pentadbiran_tempatan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Unit pentadbiran tempatan (laman tidak wujud)">Unit pentadbiran</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;">Metropolitan</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boro_metropolitan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Boro metropolitan (laman tidak wujud)">Boro</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Daerah_metropolitan" class="mw-redirect" title="Daerah metropolitan">Daerah</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaunti_metropolitan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kaunti metropolitan (laman tidak wujud)">Kaunti</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;">Negara</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Ibu_negara" title="Ibu negara">Ibu negara</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wilayah_ibu_negara&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wilayah ibu negara (laman tidak wujud)">Wilayah ibu</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wilayah_negara&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wilayah negara (laman tidak wujud)">Wilayah</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;">Empayar</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bulatan_empayar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bulatan empayar (laman tidak wujud)">Bulatan</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pelabuhan_bebas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pelabuhan bebas (laman tidak wujud)">Pelabuhan bebas</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Provinsi_empayar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Provinsi empayar (laman tidak wujud)">Provinsi</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;">Kawasan</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daerah_perbandaran_bermajlis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daerah perbandaran bermajlis (laman tidak wujud)">Daerah perbandaran bermajlis</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kawasan_perbandaran_bermajlis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kawasan perbandaran bermajlis (laman tidak wujud)">Perbandaran bermajlis</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaunti_kawasan_perbandaran_bermajlis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kaunti kawasan perbandaran bermajlis (laman tidak wujud)">Kaunti perbandaran bermajlis</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;">Kaw. Luar Bandar</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daerah_luar_bandar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daerah luar bandar (laman tidak wujud)">Daerah</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Daerah_sanitari_luar_bandar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daerah sanitari luar bandar (laman tidak wujud)">Daerah sanitari</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Majlis_daerah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Majlis daerah (laman tidak wujud)">Majlis</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Majis_perbandaran_luar_bandar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Majis perbandaran luar bandar (laman tidak wujud)">Majlis perbandaran</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perumahan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Perumahan (laman tidak wujud)">Perumahan</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Komuniti_perumahan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Komuniti perumahan (laman tidak wujud)">Komuniti</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas_(entiti_subnegara)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Khas (entiti subnegara) (laman tidak wujud)">Khas</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ibu_daerah_khas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ibu daerah khas (laman tidak wujud)">Ibu daerah</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kawasan_khas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kawasan khas (laman tidak wujud)">Kawasan</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Kawasan_pentadbiran_khas" class="mw-disambig" title="Kawasan pentadbiran khas">Kawasan pentadbiran</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;">Kaw. Dalam Bandar</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kawasan</a> (AS: <a href="/wiki/Kawasan_perbandaran" title="Kawasan perbandaran">Kawasan perbandaran</a>)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Daerah_ibu_kota&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daerah ibu kota (laman tidak wujud)">Daerah</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Daerah_sanitari&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daerah sanitari (laman tidak wujud)">Daerah sanitari</a></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> Lihat juga <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahagian_politik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahagian politik (laman tidak wujud)">Bahagian politik</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahagian_banci&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahagian banci (laman tidak wujud)">Bahagian banci</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahagian_pengundi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahagian pengundi (laman tidak wujud)">Bahagian pengundi</a> </span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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