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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Physics professor</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Physics_professor-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Radiation_Laboratory" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Radiation_Laboratory"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Radiation Laboratory</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Radiation_Laboratory-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Manhattan_Project" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Manhattan_Project"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Manhattan Project</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Manhattan_Project-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Later_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Later_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Later life</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Later_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-External_links-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle External links subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Archival_collections" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Archival_collections"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.1</span> <span>Archival collections</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Archival_collections-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Emilio Segrè</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 73 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-73" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">73 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%88_%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%BA%D8%B1%D9%8A" title="إميليو سيغري – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="إميليو سيغري" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emilio_Gino_Segre" title="Emilio Gino Segre – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Emilio Gino Segre" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%88_%DA%AF%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%88_%D8%B3%DA%AF%D8%B1" title="امیلیو گینو سگر – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="امیلیو گینو سگر" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%93_%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8B_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87" title="এমিলিও জিনো সেগরে – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="এমিলিও জিনো সেগরে" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emilio_Segr%C3%A8" title="Emilio Segrè – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Emilio Segrè" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B0_%D0%94%D0%B6%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%80%D1%8D" title="Эміліа Джына Сегрэ – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Эміліа Джына Сегрэ" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BE_%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B5" title="Емилио Сегре – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Емилио Сегре" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emilio_Gino_Segr%C3%A8" title="Emilio Gino Segrè – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Emilio Gino Segrè" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emilio_Gino_Segr%C3%A8" title="Emilio Gino Segrè – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Emilio Gino Segrè" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emilio_Segr%C3%A8" title="Emilio Segrè – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Emilio Segrè" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emilio_Segr%C3%A8" title="Emilio Segrè – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Emilio Segrè" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emilio_Segr%C3%A8" title="Emilio Segrè – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Emilio Segrè" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%95%CE%BC%CE%AF%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%BF_%CE%A4%CE%B6%CE%AF%CE%BD%CE%BF_%CE%A3%CE%B5%CE%B3%CE%BA%CF%81%CE%AD" title="Εμίλιο Τζίνο Σεγκρέ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Εμίλιο Τζίνο Σεγκρέ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emilio_Gino_Segr%C3%A8" title="Emilio Gino Segrè – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Emilio Gino Segrè" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emilio_Segr%C3%A8" title="Emilio Segrè – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Emilio Segrè" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emilio_Segr%C3%A8" title="Emilio Segrè – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Emilio Segrè" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%88_%D8%B3%DA%AF%D8%B1%D9%87" title="امیلیو سگره – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="امیلیو سگره" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emilio_Segr%C3%A8" title="Emilio Segrè – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Emilio Segrè" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emilio_Segr%C3%A8" title="Emilio Segrè – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Emilio Segrè" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emilio_Segr%C3%A8" title="Emilio Segrè – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Emilio Segrè" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emilio_Segr%C3%A8" title="Emilio Segrè – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Emilio Segrè" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%97%90%EB%B0%80%EB%A6%AC%EC%98%A4_%EC%A7%80%EB%85%B8_%EC%84%B8%EA%B7%B8%EB%A0%88" title="에밀리오 지노 세그레 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="에밀리오 지노 세그레" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B7%D5%B4%D5%AB%D5%AC%D5%AB%D5%B8_%D5%8D%D5%A5%D5%A3%D6%80%D5%A5" title="Էմիլիո Սեգրե – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Էմիլիո Սեգրե" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B_%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8B_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B0" title="एमिलियो जीनो सेगर – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="एमिलियो जीनो सेगर" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emilio_Segr%C3%A8" title="Emilio Segrè – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Emilio Segrè" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emilio_Gino_Segr%C3%A8" title="Emilio Gino Segrè – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Emilio Gino Segrè" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emilio_Segr%C3%A8" title="Emilio Segrè – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Emilio Segrè" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emilio_Segr%C3%A8" title="Emilio Segrè – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Emilio Segrè" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%95_%D7%A1%D7%92%D7%A8%D7%94" title="אמיליו סגרה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אמיליו סגרה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emilio_G._Segr%C3%A8" title="Emilio G. Segrè – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Emilio G. Segrè" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%8E%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B2%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%AF%E0%B3%8B_%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%97%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%86" title="ಎಮಿಲಿಯೋ ಸೆಗ್ರೆ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಎಮಿಲಿಯೋ ಸೆಗ್ರೆ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BE_%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B5" title="Эмилио Джино Сегре – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Эмилио Джино Сегре" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emilio_G._Segr%C3%A8" title="Emilio G. Segrè – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Emilio G. Segrè" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emilio_Segr%C3%A8" title="Emilio Segrè – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Emilio Segrè" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emilio_Segr%C3%A8" title="Emilio Segrè – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Emilio Segrè" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aemilius_Segr%C3%A8" title="Aemilius Segrè – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Aemilius Segrè" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Em%C4%ABlio_Segr%C4%93" title="Emīlio Segrē – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Emīlio Segrē" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BE_%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B5" title="Емилио Сегре – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Емилио Сегре" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B_%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8B_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87" title="एमिलियो जिनो सेग्रे – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="एमिलियो जिनो सेग्रे" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%94%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%9D_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%94%E1%83%92%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94" title="ემილიო სეგრე – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ემილიო სეგრე" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%88_%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%AC%D8%B1%D9%89" title="اميليو سيجرى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="اميليو سيجرى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%88_%DA%AF%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%88_%D8%B3%DA%AF%D8%B1" title="امیلیو گینو سگر – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="امیلیو گینو سگر" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emilio_Segr%C3%A8" title="Emilio Segrè – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Emilio Segrè" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%AE%E1%80%99%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9C%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9A%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF_%E1%80%82%E1%80%BB%E1%80%AE%E1%80%94%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF_%E1%80%86%E1%80%9A%E1%80%BA%E1%80%82%E1%80%9B%E1%80%B1%E1%80%B8" title="အီမီလီယို ဂျီနို ဆယ်ဂရေး – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အီမီလီယို ဂျီနို ဆယ်ဂရေး" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emilio_Segr%C3%A8" title="Emilio Segrè – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Emilio Segrè" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="एमिलियो सेग्र – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="एमिलियो सेग्र" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A8%E3%83%9F%E3%83%AA%E3%82%AA%E3%83%BB%E3%82%BB%E3%82%B0%E3%83%AC" title="エミリオ・セグレ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="エミリオ・セグレ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emilio_Segr%C3%A8" title="Emilio Segrè – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Emilio Segrè" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emilio_G._Segr%C3%A8" title="Emilio G. Segrè – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Emilio G. Segrè" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emilio_Gino_Segr%C3%A8" title="Emilio Gino Segrè – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Emilio Gino Segrè" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emilio_Segr%C3%A8" title="Emilio Segrè – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Emilio Segrè" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%88_%D8%B3%DB%8C%DA%AF%D8%B1%DB%92" title="ایمیلیو سیگرے – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ایمیلیو سیگرے" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%A2%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%9B%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%BC_%E1%9E%A0%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%82%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%8E%E1%9E%BC_%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%A0%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%82%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9F%82" title="អេមីល្យូ ហ្គីណូ សេហ្គ្រែ – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="អេមីល្យូ ហ្គីណូ សេហ្គ្រែ" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emilio_Segr%C3%A8" title="Emilio Segrè – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Emilio Segrè" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emilio_Gino_Segr%C3%A8" title="Emilio Gino Segrè – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Emilio Gino Segrè" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emilio_Segr%C3%A8" title="Emilio Segrè – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Emilio Segrè" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B5,_%D0%AD%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BE_%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE" title="Сегре, Эмилио Джино – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Сегре, Эмилио Джино" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B_%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8B_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87" title="एमिलियो गीनो सेग्रे – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="एमिलियो गीनो सेग्रे" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emilio_Gino_Segr%C3%A8" title="Emilio Gino Segrè – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Emilio Gino Segrè" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emilio_Gino_Segr%C3%A8" title="Emilio Gino Segrè – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Emilio Gino Segrè" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BE_%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B5" title="Емилио Сегре – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Емилио Сегре" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emilio_Segr%C3%A8" title="Emilio Segrè – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Emilio Segrè" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emilio_Gino_Segr%C3%A8" title="Emilio Gino Segrè – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Emilio Gino Segrè" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emilio_Segr%C3%A8" title="Emilio Segrè – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Emilio Segrè" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%8E%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%8B_%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%87" title="எமீலியோ சேக்ரே – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="எமீலியோ சேக்ரே" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BE_%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B5" title="Эмилио Сегре – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Эмилио Сегре" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emilio_Segr%C3%A8" title="Emilio Segrè – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Emilio Segrè" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BE_%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B5" title="Еміліо Джино Сегре – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Еміліо Джино Сегре" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%85%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%88_%D8%AC%DB%8C_%D8%B3%DA%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="ایملیو جی سگری – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ایملیو جی سگری" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emilio_G._Segr%C3%A8" title="Emilio G. Segrè – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Emilio G. Segrè" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E7%B1%B3%E5%88%A9%E5%A5%A5%C2%B7%E5%A1%9E%E6%A0%BC%E9%9B%B7" title="埃米利奥·塞格雷 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="埃米利奥·塞格雷" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emilio_G._Segr%C3%A8" title="Emilio G. Segrè – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Emilio G. Segrè" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E7%B1%B3%E5%88%A9%E5%A5%A5%C2%B7%E5%A1%9E%E6%A0%BC%E9%9B%B7" title="埃米利奥·塞格雷 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="埃米利奥·塞格雷" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q173028#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs 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Click here for more information." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/19px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/29px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/39px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Italian-American physicist and Nobel laureate (1905–1989)</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Emilio Segrè</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Segre.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Segre.jpg/220px-Segre.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="308" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Segre.jpg/330px-Segre.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Segre.jpg/440px-Segre.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1919" data-file-height="2687" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Segrè in 1959</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Emilio Gino Segrè</div><br /><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1905-02-01</span>)</span>1 February 1905<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Tivoli,_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="Tivoli, Italy">Tivoli</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Italy" title="Kingdom of Italy">Kingdom of Italy</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">22 April 1989<span style="display:none">(1989-04-22)</span> (aged 84)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Lafayette,_California" title="Lafayette, California">Lafayette, California</a>, U.S.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Citizenship</th><td class="infobox-data category">Italy (1905–44)<br />United States (1944–89)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Alma mater</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sapienza_University_of_Rome" title="Sapienza University of Rome">Sapienza University of Rome</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Known for</th><td class="infobox-data">Co-discovery of <a href="/wiki/Antiproton" title="Antiproton">antiproton</a><br />Co-discovery of <a href="/wiki/Technetium" title="Technetium">technetium</a><br />Co-discovery of <a href="/wiki/Astatine" title="Astatine">astatine</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Table_of_nuclides" title="Table of nuclides">Segrè chart</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Awards</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physics" title="Nobel Prize in Physics">Nobel Prize in Physics</a> (1959)<br /><a href="/wiki/List_of_Guggenheim_Fellowships_awarded_in_1958" title="List of Guggenheim Fellowships awarded in 1958">Guggenheim Fellowship</a> (1958)<br /><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Richtmyer_Memorial_Award" title="Richtmyer Memorial Award">Richtmyer Memorial Award</a> (1957)</span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><b>Scientific career</b></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Institutions</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Los_Alamos_National_Laboratory" title="Los Alamos National Laboratory">Los Alamos National Laboratory</a><br /><a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Berkeley" title="University of California, Berkeley">University of California, Berkeley</a><br /><a href="/wiki/University_of_Palermo" title="University of Palermo">University of Palermo</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Sapienza_University_of_Rome" title="Sapienza University of Rome">Sapienza University of Rome</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Columbia_University" title="Columbia University">Columbia University</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Doctoral_advisor" title="Doctoral advisor">Doctoral advisor</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Enrico_Fermi" title="Enrico Fermi">Enrico Fermi</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Doctoral students</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Ypsilantis" title="Thomas Ypsilantis">Thomas Ypsilantis</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Herbert_York" title="Herbert York">Herbert York</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Signature</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="infobox-signature skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emilio_G_Segr%C3%A8_signature.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Emilio_G_Segr%C3%A8_signature.svg/150px-Emilio_G_Segr%C3%A8_signature.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="49" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Emilio_G_Segr%C3%A8_signature.svg/225px-Emilio_G_Segr%C3%A8_signature.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Emilio_G_Segr%C3%A8_signature.svg/300px-Emilio_G_Segr%C3%A8_signature.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="586" data-file-height="190" /></a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Emilio Gino Segrè</b> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Italian:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="it-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Italian" title="Help:IPA/Italian">[seˈgrɛ]</a></span>; 1 February 1905 – 22 April 1989)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was an Italian and naturalized-American <a href="/wiki/Physicist" title="Physicist">physicist</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nobel_laureate" class="mw-redirect" title="Nobel laureate">Nobel laureate</a>, who discovered the elements <a href="/wiki/Technetium" title="Technetium">technetium</a> and <a href="/wiki/Astatine" title="Astatine">astatine</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Antiproton" title="Antiproton">antiproton</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Subatomic_particle" title="Subatomic particle">subatomic</a> <a href="/wiki/Antiparticle" title="Antiparticle">antiparticle</a>, for which he was awarded the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physics" title="Nobel Prize in Physics">Nobel Prize in Physics</a> in 1959 along with <a href="/wiki/Owen_Chamberlain" title="Owen Chamberlain">Owen Chamberlain</a>. </p><p>Born in <a href="/wiki/Tivoli,_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="Tivoli, Italy">Tivoli</a>, near <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a>, Segrè studied engineering at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Rome_La_Sapienza" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Rome La Sapienza">University of Rome La Sapienza</a> before taking up physics in 1927. Segrè was appointed assistant professor of physics at the University of Rome in 1932 and worked there until 1936, becoming one of the <a href="/wiki/Via_Panisperna_boys" title="Via Panisperna boys">Via Panisperna boys</a>. From 1936 to 1938 he was director of the Physics Laboratory at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Palermo" title="University of Palermo">University of Palermo</a>. After a visit to <a href="/wiki/Ernest_O._Lawrence" class="mw-redirect" title="Ernest O. Lawrence">Ernest O. Lawrence</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Berkeley_Radiation_Laboratory" class="mw-redirect" title="Berkeley Radiation Laboratory">Berkeley Radiation Laboratory</a>, he was sent a <a href="/wiki/Molybdenum" title="Molybdenum">molybdenum</a> strip from the laboratory's <a href="/wiki/Cyclotron" title="Cyclotron">cyclotron</a> accelerator in 1937, which was emitting anomalous forms of <a href="/wiki/Radioactivity" class="mw-redirect" title="Radioactivity">radioactivity</a>. Using careful chemical and theoretical analysis, Segrè was able to prove that some of the radiation was being produced by a previously unknown element, named technetium, the first artificially synthesized <a href="/wiki/Chemical_element" title="Chemical element">chemical element</a> that does not occur in nature. </p><p>In 1938 and while Segrè was visiting the Berkeley Radiation laboratory, <a href="/wiki/Benito_Mussolini" title="Benito Mussolini">Benito Mussolini</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Fascist" class="mw-redirect" title="Fascist">fascist</a> government passed <a href="/wiki/Italian_Racial_Laws" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian Racial Laws">antisemitic laws</a> barring <a href="/wiki/Jew" class="mw-redirect" title="Jew">Jews</a> from university positions. As a Jew, Segrè was rendered an indefinite émigré. At the Berkeley Radiation Lab, Lawrence offered him an underpaid job as a research assistant. There, Segrè helped discover the element astatine and the isotope <a href="/wiki/Plutonium-239" title="Plutonium-239">plutonium-239</a>, which was later used to make the <a href="/wiki/Fat_Man" title="Fat Man">Fat Man</a> <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_bomb" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuclear bomb">nuclear bomb</a> dropped on <a href="/wiki/Nagasaki" title="Nagasaki">Nagasaki</a>. From 1943 to 1946 he worked at the <a href="/wiki/Los_Alamos_National_Laboratory" title="Los Alamos National Laboratory">Los Alamos National Laboratory</a> as a group leader for the <a href="/wiki/Manhattan_Project" title="Manhattan Project">Manhattan Project</a>. He found in April 1944 that <a href="/wiki/Thin_Man_nuclear_bomb" class="mw-redirect" title="Thin Man nuclear bomb">Thin Man</a>, the proposed plutonium <a href="/wiki/Gun-type_nuclear_weapon" class="mw-redirect" title="Gun-type nuclear weapon">gun-type nuclear weapon</a>, would not work due to the presence of <a href="/wiki/Plutonium-240" title="Plutonium-240">plutonium-240</a> impurities. In 1944, he became a <a href="/wiki/Naturalized_citizen" class="mw-redirect" title="Naturalized citizen">naturalized citizen</a> of the United States. On his return to <a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Berkeley" title="University of California, Berkeley">Berkeley</a> in 1946, he became a <a href="/wiki/Professor" title="Professor">professor</a> of physics and of <a href="/wiki/History_of_science" title="History of science">history of science</a>, serving until 1972. Segrè and <a href="/wiki/Owen_Chamberlain" title="Owen Chamberlain">Owen Chamberlain</a> co-headed a research group at the Lawrence Radiation Laboratory that discovered the <a href="/wiki/Antiproton" title="Antiproton">antiproton</a>, for which the two shared the 1959 <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physics" title="Nobel Prize in Physics">Nobel Prize in Physics</a>. </p><p>Segrè was an active photographer who took many pictures documenting events and people in the history of modern science, which were donated to the <a href="/wiki/American_Institute_of_Physics" title="American Institute of Physics">American Institute of Physics</a> after his death. The American Institute of Physics named its photographic archive of physics history in his honor. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Emilio_Segr%C3%A8&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Emilio Gino Segrè was born into a <a href="/wiki/Sephardic_Jewish" class="mw-redirect" title="Sephardic Jewish">Sephardic Jewish</a> family in <a href="/wiki/Tivoli,_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="Tivoli, Italy">Tivoli</a>, near <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a>, on 1 February 1905, the son of Giuseppe Segrè, a businessman who owned a paper mill, and Amelia Susanna Treves. He had two older brothers, Angelo and Marco.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESegrè19932–3_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESegrè19932–3-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His uncle, Gino Segrè, was a law professor.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESegrè19936_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESegrè19936-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was educated at the <i><a href="/wiki/Gymnasium_(school)" title="Gymnasium (school)">ginnasio</a></i> in Tivoli and, after the family moved to Rome in 1917, the <i>ginnasio</i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Liceo_(Italian_school)" class="mw-redirect" title="Liceo (Italian school)">liceo</a></i> in Rome. He graduated in July 1922 and enrolled in the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Rome_La_Sapienza" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Rome La Sapienza">University of Rome La Sapienza</a> as an <a href="/wiki/Engineering" title="Engineering">engineering</a> student.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJackson20025–6_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJackson20025–6-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1927, Segrè met <a href="/wiki/Franco_Rasetti" title="Franco Rasetti">Franco Rasetti</a>, who introduced him to <a href="/wiki/Enrico_Fermi" title="Enrico Fermi">Enrico Fermi</a>. The two young <a href="/wiki/Physics" title="Physics">physics</a> professors were looking for talented students. They attended the <a href="/wiki/Volta_Conference" title="Volta Conference">Volta Conference</a> at <a href="/wiki/Como" title="Como">Como</a> in September 1927,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFermi195443–44_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFermi195443–44-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> where Segrè heard lectures from notable physicists including <a href="/wiki/Niels_Bohr" title="Niels Bohr">Niels Bohr</a>, <a href="/wiki/Werner_Heisenberg" title="Werner Heisenberg">Werner Heisenberg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Millikan" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert Millikan">Robert Millikan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Pauli" title="Wolfgang Pauli">Wolfgang Pauli</a>, <a href="/wiki/Max_Planck" title="Max Planck">Max Planck</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Rutherford" title="Ernest Rutherford">Ernest Rutherford</a>. Segrè then joined Fermi and Rasetti at their laboratory in Rome. With the help of the director of the Institute of Physics, <a href="/wiki/Orso_Mario_Corbino" title="Orso Mario Corbino">Orso Mario Corbino</a>, Segrè was able to transfer to physics,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESegrè199344–49_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESegrè199344–49-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and, studying under Fermi, earned his <a href="/wiki/Laurea#Former_status_of_the_Laurea_degree" title="Laurea">laurea degree</a> in July 1928,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESegrè199352_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESegrè199352-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with a thesis on "Anomalous Dispersion and Magnetic Rotation".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJackson20025–6_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJackson20025–6-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After a stint in the <a href="/wiki/Italian_Army" title="Italian Army">Italian Army</a> from 1928 to 1929,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJackson20025–6_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJackson20025–6-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> during which he was a <a href="/wiki/Officer_(armed_forces)" title="Officer (armed forces)">commissioned</a> as a <a href="/wiki/Second_lieutenant" title="Second lieutenant">second lieutenant</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Antiaircraft_artillery" class="mw-redirect" title="Antiaircraft artillery">antiaircraft artillery</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESegrè199354–59_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESegrè199354–59-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Segrè returned to the laboratory on Via Panisperna. He published his first article, which summarised his thesis, "On anomalous dispersion in mercury and in lithium", jointly with <a href="/wiki/Edoardo_Amaldi" title="Edoardo Amaldi">Edoardo Amaldi</a> in 1928, and another article with him the following year on the <a href="/wiki/Raman_effect" class="mw-redirect" title="Raman effect">Raman effect</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESegrè199361,_304_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESegrè199361,_304-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1930, Segrè began studying the <a href="/wiki/Zeeman_effect" title="Zeeman effect">Zeeman effect</a> in certain <a href="/wiki/Alkaline_metal" class="mw-redirect" title="Alkaline metal">alkaline metals</a>. When his progress stalled because the <a href="/wiki/Diffraction_grating" title="Diffraction grating">diffraction grating</a> he required to continue was not available in Italy, he wrote to four laboratories elsewhere in Europe asking for assistance and received an invitation from <a href="/wiki/Pieter_Zeeman" title="Pieter Zeeman">Pieter Zeeman</a> to finish his work at Zeeman's laboratory in <a href="/wiki/Amsterdam" title="Amsterdam">Amsterdam</a>. Segrè was awarded a <a href="/wiki/Rockefeller_Foundation" title="Rockefeller Foundation">Rockefeller Foundation</a> fellowship and, on Fermi's advice, elected to use it to study under <a href="/wiki/Otto_Stern" title="Otto Stern">Otto Stern</a> in <a href="/wiki/Hamburg" title="Hamburg">Hamburg</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJackson20027–8_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJackson20027–8-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESegrè199364–70_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESegrè199364–70-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Working with <a href="/wiki/Otto_Frisch" class="mw-redirect" title="Otto Frisch">Otto Frisch</a> on <a href="/wiki/Quantization_(physics)" title="Quantization (physics)">space quantization</a> produced results that apparently did not agree with the current theory; but <a href="/wiki/Isidor_Isaac_Rabi" title="Isidor Isaac Rabi">Isidor Isaac Rabi</a> showed that theory and experiment were in agreement if the <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_spin" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuclear spin">nuclear spin</a> of <a href="/wiki/Potassium" title="Potassium">potassium</a> was +1/2.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESegrè199386–87_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESegrè199386–87-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Physics_professor">Physics professor</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Emilio_Segr%C3%A8&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Physics professor"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Segrè was appointed assistant professor of physics at the University of Rome in 1932 and worked there until 1936, becoming one of the <a href="/wiki/Via_Panisperna_boys" title="Via Panisperna boys">Via Panisperna boys</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Nobel_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nobel-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1934, he met Elfriede Spiro, a Jewish woman whose family had come from Ostrowo in <a href="/wiki/West_Prussia" title="West Prussia">West Prussia</a>, but had fled to <a href="/wiki/Breslau" class="mw-redirect" title="Breslau">Breslau</a> when that part of Prussia became part of Poland after World War I. After the <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Party" title="Nazi Party">Nazi Party</a> came to power in Germany in 1933, she had emigrated to Italy, where she worked as a secretary and an interpreter. At first she did not speak Italian well, and Segrè and Spiro conversed in German, in which he was fluent.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESegrè199396–97_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESegrè199396–97-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The two were married at the <a href="/wiki/Great_Synagogue_of_Rome" title="Great Synagogue of Rome">Great Synagogue of Rome</a> on 2 February 1936. He agreed with the rabbi to spend the minimal amount on the wedding, giving the balance of what would be spent on a luxury wedding to Jewish refugees from Germany. The rabbi managed to give them many of the trappings of a luxury wedding anyway.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESegrè1993107_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESegrè1993107-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The couple had three children: Claudio, born in 1937, Amelia Gertrude Allegra, born in 1937, and Fausta Irene, born in 1945.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJackson20027_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJackson20027-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ragazzi_di_via_Panisperna.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Ragazzi_di_via_Panisperna.jpg/220px-Ragazzi_di_via_Panisperna.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="342" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Ragazzi_di_via_Panisperna.jpg/330px-Ragazzi_di_via_Panisperna.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Ragazzi_di_via_Panisperna.jpg/440px-Ragazzi_di_via_Panisperna.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="933" /></a><figcaption>The <i>Via Panisperna boys</i> in the courtyard of Rome University's Physics Institute in Via Panisperna. Left to right: <a href="/wiki/Oscar_D%27Agostino" title="Oscar D'Agostino">Oscar D'Agostino</a>, Segrè, <a href="/wiki/Edoardo_Amaldi" title="Edoardo Amaldi">Edoardo Amaldi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Franco_Rasetti" title="Franco Rasetti">Franco Rasetti</a> and <a href="/wiki/Enrico_Fermi" title="Enrico Fermi">Enrico Fermi</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>After marrying, Segrè sought a stable job and became professor of physics and director of the Physics Institute at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Palermo" title="University of Palermo">University of Palermo</a>. He found the equipment there primitive and the library bereft of modern physics literature, but his colleagues at Palermo included the mathematicians <a href="/wiki/Michele_Cipolla" title="Michele Cipolla">Michele Cipolla</a> and <a href="/wiki/Michele_De_Franchis" class="mw-redirect" title="Michele De Franchis">Michele De Franchis</a>, the mineralogist <a href="/wiki/Carlo_Perrier" title="Carlo Perrier">Carlo Perrier</a> and the botanist <a href="/w/index.php?title=Luigi_Montemartini&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Luigi Montemartini (page does not exist)">Luigi Montemartini</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luigi_Montemartini" class="extiw" title="it:Luigi Montemartini">it</a>]</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESegrè1993104–106_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESegrè1993104–106-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1936 he paid a visit to <a href="/wiki/Ernest_O._Lawrence" class="mw-redirect" title="Ernest O. Lawrence">Ernest O. Lawrence</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Berkeley_Radiation_Laboratory" class="mw-redirect" title="Berkeley Radiation Laboratory">Berkeley Radiation Laboratory</a>, where he met <a href="/wiki/Edwin_McMillan" title="Edwin McMillan">Edwin McMillan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Donald_Cooksey" title="Donald Cooksey">Donald Cooksey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Franz_Kurie" class="mw-redirect" title="Franz Kurie">Franz Kurie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Philip_Abelson" title="Philip Abelson">Philip Abelson</a> and <a href="/wiki/Robert_Oppenheimer" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert Oppenheimer">Robert Oppenheimer</a>. Segrè was intrigued by the radioactive scrap metal that had once been part of the laboratory's <a href="/wiki/Cyclotron" title="Cyclotron">cyclotron</a>. In Palermo, this was found to contain a number of radioactive <a href="/wiki/Isotope" title="Isotope">isotopes</a>. In February 1937, Lawrence sent him a <a href="/wiki/Molybdenum" title="Molybdenum">molybdenum</a> strip that was emitting anomalous forms of <a href="/wiki/Radioactivity" class="mw-redirect" title="Radioactivity">radioactivity</a>. Segrè enlisted Perrier's help to subject the strip to careful chemical and theoretical analysis, and they were able to prove that some of the radiation was being produced by a previously unknown element.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJackson20029–10_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJackson20029–10-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1947 they named it <a href="/wiki/Technetium" title="Technetium">technetium</a>, as it was the first artificially synthesized <a href="/wiki/Chemical_element" title="Chemical element">chemical element</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESegrè1993115–118_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESegrè1993115–118-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-segre_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-segre-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Radiation_Laboratory">Radiation Laboratory</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Emilio_Segr%C3%A8&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Radiation Laboratory"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In June 1938, Segrè paid a summer visit to <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a> to study the short-lived isotopes of technetium, which did not survive being mailed to Italy. While Segrè was en route, <a href="/wiki/Benito_Mussolini" title="Benito Mussolini">Benito Mussolini</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Fascist" class="mw-redirect" title="Fascist">fascist</a> government passed <a href="/wiki/Italian_Racial_Laws" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian Racial Laws">racial laws</a> barring Jews from university positions. As a Jew, Segrè was now rendered an indefinite émigré.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESegrè1993128–132_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESegrè1993128–132-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/German_occupation_of_Czechoslovakia" class="mw-redirect" title="German occupation of Czechoslovakia">Czechoslovakian crisis</a> prompted Segrè to send for Elfriede and Claudio, as he now feared that war in Europe was inevitable.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESegrè1993140_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESegrè1993140-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In November 1938 and February 1939 they made quick trips to Mexico to exchange their tourist visas for immigration visa. Both Segrè and Elfriede held grave fears for the fate of their parents in Italy and Germany.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESegrè1993145–149_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESegrè1993145–149-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At the Berkeley Radiation Lab, Lawrence offered Segrè a job as a research assistant—a relatively lowly position for someone who had discovered an element—for <span style="white-space: nowrap">US$300</span> (equivalent to $6,600 in 2023) a month for six months. When Lawrence learned that Segrè was legally trapped in California, he took advantage of the situation to reduce Segrè's salary to $116 a month.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJackson200211–12_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJackson200211–12-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESegrè1993147–148_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESegrè1993147–148-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Working with <a href="/wiki/Glenn_Seaborg" class="mw-redirect" title="Glenn Seaborg">Glenn Seaborg</a>, Segrè isolated the <a href="/wiki/Metastable_isotope" class="mw-redirect" title="Metastable isotope">metastable isotope</a> <a href="/wiki/Technetium-99m" title="Technetium-99m">technetium-99m</a>. Its properties made it ideal for use in <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_medicine" title="Nuclear medicine">nuclear medicine</a>, and it is now used in about 10 million medical diagnostic procedures annually.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoffmanGhiorsoSeaborg200015_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoffmanGhiorsoSeaborg200015-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Segrè went looking for <a href="/wiki/Element_93" class="mw-redirect" title="Element 93">element 93</a>, but did not find it, as he was looking for an element chemically akin to <a href="/wiki/Rhenium" title="Rhenium">rhenium</a> instead of a <a href="/wiki/Rare-earth_element" title="Rare-earth element">rare-earth element</a>, which is what element 93 was.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Working with <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Langsdorf,_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Alexander Langsdorf, Jr.">Alexander Langsdorf, Jr.</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Chien-Shiung_Wu" title="Chien-Shiung Wu">Chien-Shiung Wu</a>, he discovered <a href="/wiki/Xenon-135" title="Xenon-135">xenon-135</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which later became important as a <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_poison" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuclear poison">nuclear poison</a> in <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_reactors" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuclear reactors">nuclear reactors</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESegrè1993153_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESegrè1993153-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Segrè then turned his attention to another missing element on the <a href="/wiki/Periodic_table" title="Periodic table">periodic table</a>, <a href="/wiki/Element_85" class="mw-redirect" title="Element 85">element 85</a>. After he announced how he intended to create it by bombarding <a href="/wiki/Bismuth-209" title="Bismuth-209">bismuth-209</a> with <a href="/wiki/Alpha_particle" title="Alpha particle">alpha particles</a> at a Monday meeting Radiation Laboratory meeting, two of his colleagues, <a href="/wiki/Dale_R._Corson" title="Dale R. Corson">Dale R. Corson</a> and <a href="/wiki/Robert_A._Cornog" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert A. Cornog">Robert A. Cornog</a> carried out his proposed experiment. Segrè then asked whether he could do the chemistry and, with <a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Ross_MacKenzie" title="Kenneth Ross MacKenzie">Kenneth Ross MacKenzie</a>, successfully isolated the new element, which is today called <a href="/wiki/Astatine" title="Astatine">astatine</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJackson200211_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJackson200211-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESegrè1993155–156_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESegrè1993155–156-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Segrè and Wu then attempted to find the last remaining missing non-<a href="/wiki/Transuranic_element" class="mw-redirect" title="Transuranic element">transuranic element</a>, <a href="/wiki/Element_61" class="mw-redirect" title="Element 61">element 61</a>. They had the correct technique for making it, but lacked the chemical methods to separate it.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESegrè1993155–156_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESegrè1993155–156-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also worked with Seaborg, McMillan, <a href="/wiki/Joseph_W._Kennedy" title="Joseph W. Kennedy">Joseph W. Kennedy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Arthur_C._Wahl" class="mw-redirect" title="Arthur C. Wahl">Arthur C. Wahl</a> to create <a href="/wiki/Plutonium-239" title="Plutonium-239">plutonium-239</a> in Lawrence's 60-inch (150 cm) <a href="/wiki/Cyclotron" title="Cyclotron">cyclotron</a> in December 1940.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Manhattan_Project">Manhattan Project</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Emilio_Segr%C3%A8&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Manhattan Project"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Segre-emilio.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Segre-emilio.jpg/220px-Segre-emilio.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="294" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Segre-emilio.jpg/330px-Segre-emilio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Segre-emilio.jpg/440px-Segre-emilio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3263" data-file-height="4366" /></a><figcaption>Segrè's ID badge photo from <a href="/wiki/Los_Alamos_National_Laboratory" title="Los Alamos National Laboratory">Los Alamos</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The Japanese <a href="/wiki/Attack_on_Pearl_Harbor" title="Attack on Pearl Harbor">attack on Pearl Harbor</a> in December 1941 and the subsequent <a href="/wiki/United_States_declaration_of_war_upon_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="United States declaration of war upon Italy">United States declaration of war upon Italy</a> rendered Segrè an <a href="/wiki/Enemy_alien" title="Enemy alien">enemy alien</a> and cut him off from communication with his parents. Physicists began leaving the Radiation Laboratory to do war work, and <a href="/wiki/Raymond_T._Birge" class="mw-redirect" title="Raymond T. Birge">Raymond T. Birge</a> asked him to teach classes to the remaining students. This provided a useful supplement to Segrè's income, and he established important friendships and professional associations with some of these students, who included <a href="/wiki/Owen_Chamberlain" title="Owen Chamberlain">Owen Chamberlain</a> and <a href="/wiki/Clyde_Wiegand" title="Clyde Wiegand">Clyde Wiegand</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESegrè1993170–172_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESegrè1993170–172-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In late 1942, Oppenheimer asked Segrè to join the <a href="/wiki/Manhattan_Project" title="Manhattan Project">Manhattan Project</a> at its <a href="/wiki/Los_Alamos_Laboratory" class="mw-redirect" title="Los Alamos Laboratory">Los Alamos Laboratory</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESegrè1993177–180_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESegrè1993177–180-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Segrè became the head of the laboratory's P-5 (Radioactivity) Group, which formed part of <a href="/wiki/Robert_Bacher" title="Robert Bacher">Robert Bacher</a>'s P (Experimental Physics) Division.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHawkins1961101_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHawkins1961101-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For security reasons, he was given the cover name of Earl Seaman.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoddesonHenriksenMeadeWestfall199396_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoddesonHenriksenMeadeWestfall199396-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He moved to Los Alamos with his family in June 1943.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESegrè1993186_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESegrè1993186-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Segrè's group set up its equipment in a disused <a href="/wiki/United_States_Forest_Service" title="United States Forest Service">Forest Service</a> cabin in the Pajarito Canyon near Los Alamos in August 1943.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoddesonHenriksenMeadeWestfall1993234–236_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoddesonHenriksenMeadeWestfall1993234–236-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His group's task was to measure and catalog the radioactivity of various <a href="/wiki/Fission_product" class="mw-redirect" title="Fission product">fission products</a>. An important line of research was determining the degree of <a href="/wiki/Isotope_enrichment" class="mw-redirect" title="Isotope enrichment">isotope enrichment</a> achieved with various samples of <a href="/wiki/Enriched_uranium" title="Enriched uranium">enriched uranium</a>. Initially, the tests using <a href="/wiki/Mass_spectrometry" title="Mass spectrometry">mass spectrometry</a>, used by <a href="/wiki/Columbia_University" title="Columbia University">Columbia University</a>, and neutron assay, used by Berkeley, gave different results. Segrè studied Berkeley's results and could find no error, while <a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Bainbridge" title="Kenneth Bainbridge">Kenneth Bainbridge</a> likewise found no fault with New York's. However, analysis of another sample showed close agreement.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHawkins1961120–121_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHawkins1961120–121-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Higher rates of spontaneous fission were observed at Los Alamos, which Segrè's group concluded were due to <a href="/wiki/Cosmic_rays" class="mw-redirect" title="Cosmic rays">cosmic rays</a>, which were more prevalent at Los Alamos due to its high altitude.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoddesonHenriksenMeadeWestfall1993234–236_41-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoddesonHenriksenMeadeWestfall1993234–236-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The group measured the activity of <a href="/wiki/Thorium" title="Thorium">thorium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Uranium-234" title="Uranium-234">uranium-234</a>, <a href="/wiki/Uranium-235" title="Uranium-235">uranium-235</a> and <a href="/wiki/Uranium-238" title="Uranium-238">uranium-238</a>, but only had access to <a href="/wiki/Microgram" title="Microgram">microgram</a> quantities of <a href="/wiki/Plutonium-239" title="Plutonium-239">plutonium-239</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoddesonHenriksenMeadeWestfall1993234–236_41-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoddesonHenriksenMeadeWestfall1993234–236-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first sample plutonium produced in the <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_reactor" title="Nuclear reactor">nuclear reactor</a> at <a href="/wiki/Oak_Ridge_National_Laboratory" title="Oak Ridge National Laboratory">Oak Ridge</a> was received in April 1944. Within days the group observed five times the rate of <a href="/wiki/Spontaneous_fission" title="Spontaneous fission">spontaneous fission</a> as with the cyclotron-produced plutonium.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoddesonHenriksenMeadeWestfall1993236–239_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoddesonHenriksenMeadeWestfall1993236–239-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was not news that the leaders of the project wanted to hear. It meant that <a href="/wiki/Thin_Man_nuclear_bomb" class="mw-redirect" title="Thin Man nuclear bomb">Thin Man</a>, the proposed plutonium <a href="/wiki/Gun-type_nuclear_weapon" class="mw-redirect" title="Gun-type nuclear weapon">gun-type nuclear weapon</a>, would not work and implied that the project's investment in plutonium production facilities at the <a href="/wiki/Hanford_Site" title="Hanford Site">Hanford Site</a> was wasted. Segrè's group carefully checked their results and concluded that the increased activity was due to the <a href="/wiki/Plutonium-240" title="Plutonium-240">plutonium-240</a> isotope.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoddesonHenriksenMeadeWestfall1993239–244_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoddesonHenriksenMeadeWestfall1993239–244-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In June 1944, Segrè was summoned into Oppenheimer's office and informed that while his father was safe, his mother had been rounded up by the Nazis in October 1943. Segrè never saw either of his parents again. His father died in Rome in October 1944.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESegrè1993195,_214–215_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESegrè1993195,_214–215-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In late 1944, Segrè and Elfriede became <a href="/wiki/Naturalized_citizen" class="mw-redirect" title="Naturalized citizen">naturalized citizens</a> of the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESegrè1993204–205_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESegrè1993204–205-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His group, now designated R-4, was given responsibility for measuring the <a href="/wiki/Gamma_radiation" class="mw-redirect" title="Gamma radiation">gamma radiation</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Trinity_nuclear_test" class="mw-redirect" title="Trinity nuclear test">Trinity nuclear test</a> in July 1945.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoddesonHenriksenMeadeWestfall1993357_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoddesonHenriksenMeadeWestfall1993357-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The blast damaged or destroyed most of the experiments, but enough data was recovered to measure the gamma rays.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoddesonHenriksenMeadeWestfall1993375_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoddesonHenriksenMeadeWestfall1993375-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Later_life">Later life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Emilio_Segr%C3%A8&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Later life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In August 1945, a few days before the <a href="/wiki/Surrender_of_Japan" title="Surrender of Japan">surrender of Japan</a> and the end of <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, Segrè received an offer from <a href="/wiki/Washington_University_in_St._Louis" title="Washington University in St. Louis">Washington University in St. Louis</a> of an associate professorship with a salary of <span style="white-space: nowrap">US$5,000</span> (equivalent to $84,600 in 2023). The following month, the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Chicago" title="University of Chicago">University of Chicago</a> also made him an offer. After some prompting, Birge offered $6,500 and a full professorship, which Segrè decided to accept. He left Los Alamos in January 1946 and returned to Berkeley.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESegrè1993206–210_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESegrè1993206–210-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJackson200213_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJackson200213-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the late 1940s, many academics left the University of California, lured away by higher-salary offers and by the university's peculiar <a href="/wiki/Loyalty_oath" title="Loyalty oath">loyalty oath</a> requirement. Segrè chose to take the oath and stay, but this did not allay suspicions about his loyalty. <a href="/wiki/Luis_W._Alvarez" class="mw-redirect" title="Luis W. Alvarez">Luis Alvarez</a> was incensed that Amaldi, Fermi, <a href="/wiki/Bruno_Pontecorvo" title="Bruno Pontecorvo">Pontecorvo</a>, Rasetti and Segrè had chosen to pursue <a href="/wiki/Patent" title="Patent">patent</a> claims against the United States for their pre-war discoveries and told Segrè to let him know when Pontecorvo wrote from Russia. He also clashed with Lawrence over the latter's plan to create a rival nuclear-weapons laboratory to Los Alamos in <a href="/wiki/Livermore,_California" title="Livermore, California">Livermore, California</a>, in order to develop the <a href="/wiki/Hydrogen_bomb" class="mw-redirect" title="Hydrogen bomb">hydrogen bomb</a>, a weapon that Segrè felt would be of dubious utility.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESegrè1993234–239_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESegrè1993234–239-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Unhappy with his deteriorating relationships with his colleagues and with the poisonous political atmosphere at Berkeley caused by the loyalty oath controversy, Segrè accepted a job offer from the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Illinois_at_Urbana%E2%80%93Champaign" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign">University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESegrè1993234–239_51-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESegrè1993234–239-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The courts ultimately resolved the patent claims in the Italian scientists' favour in 1953, awarding them <span style="white-space: nowrap">US$400,000</span> (equivalent to $4,600,000 in 2023) for the patents related to generating neutrons, which worked out to about $20,000 after legal costs. Kennedy, Seaborg, Wahl and Segrè were subsequently awarded the same amount for their discovery of plutonium, which came to $100,000 after being divided four ways, there being no legal fees this time.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESegrè1993245–247_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESegrè1993245–247-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After turning down offers from <a href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Brookhaven_National_Laboratory" title="Brookhaven National Laboratory">Brookhaven National Laboratory</a>, Segrè returned to Berkeley in 1952.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESegrè1993240_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESegrè1993240-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was elected to the United States <a href="/wiki/National_Academy_of_Sciences" title="National Academy of Sciences">National Academy of Sciences</a> that same year.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He moved his family from Berkeley to nearby <a href="/wiki/Lafayette,_California" title="Lafayette, California">Lafayette, California</a>, in 1955.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESegrè1993253_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESegrè1993253-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Working with Chamberlain and others, he began searching for the <a href="/wiki/Antiproton" title="Antiproton">antiproton</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Subatomic_particle" title="Subatomic particle">subatomic</a> <a href="/wiki/Antiparticle" title="Antiparticle">antiparticle</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Proton" title="Proton">proton</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-antiproton_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-antiproton-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The antiparticle of the electron, the <a href="/wiki/Positron" title="Positron">positron</a> had been predicted by <a href="/wiki/Paul_Dirac" title="Paul Dirac">Paul Dirac</a> in 1931<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and then discovered by <a href="/wiki/Carl_D._Anderson" class="mw-redirect" title="Carl D. Anderson">Carl D. Anderson</a> in 1932.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By analogy, it was now expected that there would be an antiparticle corresponding to the proton, but no one had found one, and even in 1955 some scientists doubted that it existed.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESegrè1993255–257_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESegrè1993255–257-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Using Lawrence's <a href="/wiki/Bevatron" title="Bevatron">Bevatron</a> set to 6 GeV, they managed to detect conclusive evidence of antiprotons.<sup id="cite_ref-antiproton_56-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-antiproton-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Chamberlain and Segrè were awarded the 1959 <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physics" title="Nobel Prize in Physics">Nobel Prize in Physics</a> for their discovery.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was controversial, because <a href="/wiki/Clyde_Wiegand" title="Clyde Wiegand">Clyde Wiegand</a> and <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Ypsilantis" title="Thomas Ypsilantis">Thomas Ypsilantis</a> were co-authors of the same article, but did not share the prize.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJackson200215–16_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJackson200215–16-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Segrè served on the university's powerful Budget Committee from 1961 to 1965 and was chairman of the Physics Department from 1965 to 1966. He supported Teller's successful bid to separate the <a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Berkeley_Laboratory" class="mw-redirect" title="Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory">Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Livermore_Laboratory" class="mw-redirect" title="Lawrence Livermore Laboratory">Lawrence Livermore Laboratory</a> in 1970.<sup id="cite_ref-nap_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nap-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was elected to the <a href="/wiki/American_Philosophical_Society" title="American Philosophical Society">American Philosophical Society</a> in 1963.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was one of the trustees of <a href="/wiki/Fermilab" title="Fermilab">Fermilab</a> from 1965 to 1968. He attended its inauguration with <a href="/wiki/Laura_Fermi" title="Laura Fermi">Laura Fermi</a> in 1974.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESegrè1993284–287_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESegrè1993284–287-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the 1950s, Segrè edited Fermi's papers. He later published a biography of Fermi, <i>Enrico Fermi: Physicist</i> (1970). He published his own lecture notes as <i>From X-rays to Quarks: Modern Physicists and Their Discoveries</i> (1980) and <i>From Falling Bodies to Radio Waves: Classical Physicists and Their Discoveries</i> (1984). He also edited the <i><a href="/wiki/Annual_Review_of_Nuclear_and_Particle_Science" title="Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science">Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science</a></i> from 1958 to 1977 and wrote an autobiography, <i>A Mind Always in Motion</i> (1993), which was published posthumously.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJackson200217,_25_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJackson200217,_25-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-nap_63-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nap-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Elfriede died in October 1970, and Segrè married Rosa Mines in February 1972.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJackson20027_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJackson20027-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was elected to the <a href="/wiki/American_Academy_of_Arts_and_Sciences" title="American Academy of Arts and Sciences">American Academy of Arts and Sciences</a> in 1973.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> That year he reached the University of California's compulsory retirement age. He continued teaching the history of physics.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESegrè1993288_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESegrè1993288-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1974 he returned to the University of Rome as a professor, but served only a year before reaching the mandatory retirement age.<sup id="cite_ref-nap_63-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nap-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Segrè died from a <a href="/wiki/Myocardial_infarction" title="Myocardial infarction">heart attack</a> at the age of 84 while out walking near his home in Lafayette.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Active as a <a href="/wiki/Photography" title="Photography">photographer</a>, Segrè took many photos documenting events and people in the history of modern science. After his death Rosa donated many of his photographs to the <a href="/wiki/American_Institute_of_Physics" title="American Institute of Physics">American Institute of Physics</a>, which named its photographic archive of physics history in his honor. The collection was bolstered by a subsequent bequest from Rosa after her death from an accident in Tivoli in 1997.<sup id="cite_ref-nap_63-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nap-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJackson20027_16-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJackson20027-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Emilio_Segr%C3%A8&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1959/segre-facts.html">"Emilio Segrè - Facts"</a>. <i>Nobelprize.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 April</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Nobelprize.org&rft.atitle=Emilio+Segr%C3%A8+-+Facts&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nobelprize.org%2Fnobel_prizes%2Fphysics%2Flaureates%2F1959%2Fsegre-facts.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmilio+Segr%C3%A8" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESegrè19932–3-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESegrè19932–3_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSegrè1993">Segrè 1993</a>, pp. 2–3.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESegrè19936-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESegrè19936_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSegrè1993">Segrè 1993</a>, p. 6.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJackson20025–6-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJackson20025–6_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJackson20025–6_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJackson20025–6_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJackson2002">Jackson 2002</a>, pp. 5–6.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFermi195443–44-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFermi195443–44_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFermi1954">Fermi 1954</a>, pp. 43–44.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESegrè199344–49-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESegrè199344–49_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSegrè1993">Segrè 1993</a>, pp. 44–49.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESegrè199352-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESegrè199352_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSegrè1993">Segrè 1993</a>, p. 52.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESegrè199354–59-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESegrè199354–59_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSegrè1993">Segrè 1993</a>, pp. 54–59.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESegrè199361,_304-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESegrè199361,_304_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSegrè1993">Segrè 1993</a>, pp. 61, 304.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJackson20027–8-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJackson20027–8_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJackson2002">Jackson 2002</a>, pp. 7–8.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESegrè199364–70-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESegrè199364–70_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSegrè1993">Segrè 1993</a>, pp. 64–70.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESegrè199386–87-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESegrè199386–87_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSegrè1993">Segrè 1993</a>, pp. 86–87.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Nobel-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Nobel_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1959/segre-bio.html">"Emilio Segrè – Biography"</a>. The Nobel Foundation<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 May</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Emilio+Segr%C3%A8+%E2%80%93+Biography&rft.pub=The+Nobel+Foundation&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nobelprize.org%2Fnobel_prizes%2Fphysics%2Flaureates%2F1959%2Fsegre-bio.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmilio+Segr%C3%A8" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESegrè199396–97-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESegrè199396–97_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSegrè1993">Segrè 1993</a>, pp. 96–97.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESegrè1993107-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESegrè1993107_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSegrè1993">Segrè 1993</a>, p. 107.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJackson20027-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJackson20027_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJackson20027_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJackson20027_16-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJackson2002">Jackson 2002</a>, p. 7.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESegrè1993104–106-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESegrè1993104–106_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSegrè1993">Segrè 1993</a>, pp. 104–106.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJackson20029–10-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJackson20029–10_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJackson2002">Jackson 2002</a>, pp. 9–10.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESegrè1993115–118-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESegrè1993115–118_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSegrè1993">Segrè 1993</a>, pp. 115–118.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-segre-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-segre_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPerrierSegrè1947" class="citation journal cs1">Perrier, C.; Segrè, E. (1947). "Technetium: The Element of Atomic Number 43". <i>Nature</i>. <b>159</b> (4027): 24. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1947Natur.159...24P">1947Natur.159...24P</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2F159024a0">10.1038/159024a0</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20279068">20279068</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:4136886">4136886</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.atitle=Technetium%3A+The+Element+of+Atomic+Number+43&rft.volume=159&rft.issue=4027&rft.pages=24&rft.date=1947&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2F159024a0&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A4136886%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F20279068&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1947Natur.159...24P&rft.aulast=Perrier&rft.aufirst=C.&rft.au=Segr%C3%A8%2C+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmilio+Segr%C3%A8" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESegrè1993128–132-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESegrè1993128–132_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSegrè1993">Segrè 1993</a>, pp. 128–132.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESegrè1993140-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESegrè1993140_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSegrè1993">Segrè 1993</a>, p. 140.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESegrè1993145–149-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESegrè1993145–149_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSegrè1993">Segrè 1993</a>, pp. 145–149.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJackson200211–12-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJackson200211–12_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJackson2002">Jackson 2002</a>, pp. 11–12.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESegrè1993147–148-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESegrè1993147–148_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSegrè1993">Segrè 1993</a>, pp. 147–148.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoffmanGhiorsoSeaborg200015-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoffmanGhiorsoSeaborg200015_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHoffmanGhiorsoSeaborg2000">Hoffman, Ghiorso & Seaborg 2000</a>, p. 15.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSegrè1939" class="citation journal cs1">Segrè, Emilio (June 1939). "An Unsuccessful Search for Transuranic Elements". <i><a href="/wiki/Physical_Review" title="Physical Review">Physical Review</a></i>. <b>55</b> (11): 1103–1104. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1939PhRv...55.1104S">1939PhRv...55.1104S</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1103%2FPhysRev.55.1104">10.1103/PhysRev.55.1104</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0031-899X">0031-899X</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Physical+Review&rft.atitle=An+Unsuccessful+Search+for+Transuranic+Elements&rft.volume=55&rft.issue=11&rft.pages=1103-1104&rft.date=1939-06&rft.issn=0031-899X&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1103%2FPhysRev.55.1104&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1939PhRv...55.1104S&rft.aulast=Segr%C3%A8&rft.aufirst=Emilio&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmilio+Segr%C3%A8" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSegrèWu1940" class="citation journal cs1">Segrè, Emilio; <a href="/wiki/Chien-Shiung_Wu" title="Chien-Shiung Wu">Wu, Chien-Shiung</a> (March 1940). "Some Fission Products of Uranium". <i><a href="/wiki/Physical_Review" title="Physical Review">Physical Review</a></i>. <b>57</b> (6): 552. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1940PhRv...57..552S">1940PhRv...57..552S</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1103%2FPhysRev.57.552.3">10.1103/PhysRev.57.552.3</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0031-899X">0031-899X</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Physical+Review&rft.atitle=Some+Fission+Products+of+Uranium&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=552&rft.date=1940-03&rft.issn=0031-899X&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1103%2FPhysRev.57.552.3&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1940PhRv...57..552S&rft.aulast=Segr%C3%A8&rft.aufirst=Emilio&rft.au=Wu%2C+Chien-Shiung&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmilio+Segr%C3%A8" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWuSegrè1945" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Chien-Shiung_Wu" title="Chien-Shiung Wu">Wu, Chien-Shiung</a>; Segrè, Emilio (March 1945). "Radioactive Xenons". <i><a href="/wiki/Physical_Review" title="Physical Review">Physical Review</a></i>. <b>67</b> (5–6): 142–149. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1945PhRv...67..142W">1945PhRv...67..142W</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1103%2FPhysRev.67.142">10.1103/PhysRev.67.142</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0031-899X">0031-899X</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Physical+Review&rft.atitle=Radioactive+Xenons&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=5%E2%80%936&rft.pages=142-149&rft.date=1945-03&rft.issn=0031-899X&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1103%2FPhysRev.67.142&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1945PhRv...67..142W&rft.aulast=Wu&rft.aufirst=Chien-Shiung&rft.au=Segr%C3%A8%2C+Emilio&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmilio+Segr%C3%A8" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESegrè1993153-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESegrè1993153_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSegrè1993">Segrè 1993</a>, p. 153.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJackson200211-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJackson200211_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJackson2002">Jackson 2002</a>, p. 11.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCorsonMacKenzieSegrè1940" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Dale_R._Corson" title="Dale R. Corson">Corson, Dale R.</a>; <a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Ross_MacKenzie" title="Kenneth Ross MacKenzie">MacKenzie, Kenneth Ross</a>; <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Segrè, Emilio</a> (1940). 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 May</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Nobel+Prize+in+Physics+1959&rft.pub=The+Nobel+Foundation&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nobelprize.org%2Fnobel_prizes%2Fphysics%2Flaureates%2F1959%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmilio+Segr%C3%A8" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJackson200215–16-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJackson200215–16_62-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJackson2002">Jackson 2002</a>, pp. 15–16.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nap-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nap_63-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nap_63-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nap_63-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nap_63-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nap.edu/readingroom/books/biomems/esegre.html">"Emilio Gino Segrè January 30, 1905–April 22, 1989"</a>. National Academy of Sciences biography<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 June</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Emilio+Gino+Segr%C3%A8+January+30%2C+1905%E2%80%93April+22%2C+1989&rft.pub=National+Academy+of+Sciences+biography&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nap.edu%2Freadingroom%2Fbooks%2Fbiomems%2Fesegre.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmilio+Segr%C3%A8" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.amphilsoc.org/memhist/search?creator=Emilio+Segr%C3%A8&title=&subject=&subdiv=&mem=&year=&year-max=&dead=&keyword=&smode=advanced">"APS Member History"</a>. <i>search.amphilsoc.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 November</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=search.amphilsoc.org&rft.atitle=APS+Member+History&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsearch.amphilsoc.org%2Fmemhist%2Fsearch%3Fcreator%3DEmilio%2BSegr%25C3%25A8%26title%3D%26subject%3D%26subdiv%3D%26mem%3D%26year%3D%26year-max%3D%26dead%3D%26keyword%3D%26smode%3Dadvanced&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmilio+Segr%C3%A8" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESegrè1993284–287-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESegrè1993284–287_65-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSegrè1993">Segrè 1993</a>, pp. 284–287.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJackson200217,_25-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJackson200217,_25_66-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJackson2002">Jackson 2002</a>, pp. 17, 25.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amacad.org/person/emilio-gino-segre">"Emilio Gino Segre"</a>. <i>American Academy of Arts & Sciences</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 November</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=American+Academy+of+Arts+%26+Sciences&rft.atitle=Emilio+Gino+Segre&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.amacad.org%2Fperson%2Femilio-gino-segre&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmilio+Segr%C3%A8" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESegrè1993288-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESegrè1993288_68-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSegrè1993">Segrè 1993</a>, p. 288.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFlint1989" class="citation news cs1">Flint, Peter (24 April 1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1989/04/24/obituaries/dr-emilio-g-segre-is-dead-at-84-shared-nobel-for-studies-of-atom.html">"Dr. Emilio G. Segre Is Dead at 84; Shared Nobel for Studies of Atom"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 May</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Dr.+Emilio+G.+Segre+Is+Dead+at+84%3B+Shared+Nobel+for+Studies+of+Atom&rft.date=1989-04-24&rft.aulast=Flint&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1989%2F04%2F24%2Fobituaries%2Fdr-emilio-g-segre-is-dead-at-84-shared-nobel-for-studies-of-atom.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmilio+Segr%C3%A8" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://photos.aip.org/about.jsp">"Photos of physicists, astronomers and other scientists – Emilio Segrè Visual Archives"</a>. <a href="/wiki/American_Institute_of_Physics" title="American Institute of Physics">American Institute of Physics</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 March</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Photos+of+physicists%2C+astronomers+and+other+scientists+%E2%80%93+Emilio+Segr%C3%A8+Visual+Archives&rft.pub=American+Institute+of+Physics&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fphotos.aip.org%2Fabout.jsp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmilio+Segr%C3%A8" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Emilio_Segr%C3%A8&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Jewish_Nobel_laureates" title="List of Jewish Nobel laureates">List of Jewish Nobel laureates</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Emilio_Segr%C3%A8&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFermi1954" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Laura_Fermi" title="Laura Fermi">Fermi, Laura</a> (1954). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/atomsinfamilymyl00fermrich"><i>Atoms in the Family: My Life with Enrico Fermi</i></a></span>. Chicago, Illinois: University of Chicago Press. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/537507">537507</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Atoms+in+the+Family%3A+My+Life+with+Enrico+Fermi&rft.place=Chicago%2C+Illinois&rft.pub=University+of+Chicago+Press&rft.date=1954&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F537507&rft.aulast=Fermi&rft.aufirst=Laura&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fatomsinfamilymyl00fermrich&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmilio+Segr%C3%A8" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHawkins1961" class="citation book cs1">Hawkins, David (1961). <i>Manhattan District History: Project Y – The Los Alamos Project. Volume I: Inception until August 1945</i>. <a href="/wiki/Los_Alamos_National_Laboratory" title="Los Alamos National Laboratory">Los Alamos National Laboratory</a>. LAMS 2532.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Manhattan+District+History%3A+Project+Y+%E2%80%93+The+Los+Alamos+Project.+Volume+I%3A+Inception+until+August+1945&rft.pub=Los+Alamos+National+Laboratory&rft.date=1961&rft.aulast=Hawkins&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmilio+Segr%C3%A8" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHoddesonHenriksenMeadeWestfall1993" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Lillian_Hoddeson" title="Lillian Hoddeson">Hoddeson, Lillian</a>; Henriksen, Paul W.; Meade, Roger A.; <a href="/wiki/Catherine_Westfall" title="Catherine Westfall">Westfall, Catherine L.</a> (1993). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/criticalassembly0000unse"><i>Critical Assembly: A Technical History of Los Alamos During the Oppenheimer Years, 1943–1945</i></a></span>. New York: Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-44132-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-44132-2"><bdi>978-0-521-44132-2</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/26764320">26764320</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Critical+Assembly%3A+A+Technical+History+of+Los+Alamos+During+the+Oppenheimer+Years%2C+1943%E2%80%931945&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1993&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F26764320&rft.isbn=978-0-521-44132-2&rft.aulast=Hoddeson&rft.aufirst=Lillian&rft.au=Henriksen%2C+Paul+W.&rft.au=Meade%2C+Roger+A.&rft.au=Westfall%2C+Catherine+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcriticalassembly0000unse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmilio+Segr%C3%A8" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHoffmanGhiorsoSeaborg2000" class="citation book cs1">Hoffman, Darleane C.; Ghiorso, Albert; <a href="/wiki/Glenn_T._Seaborg" title="Glenn T. Seaborg">Seaborg, Glenn T.</a> (2000). <i>The Transuranium People: The Inside Story</i>. London: Imperial College Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-86094-087-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-86094-087-3"><bdi>978-1-86094-087-3</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/49570028">49570028</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Transuranium+People%3A+The+Inside+Story&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Imperial+College+Press&rft.date=2000&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F49570028&rft.isbn=978-1-86094-087-3&rft.aulast=Hoffman&rft.aufirst=Darleane+C.&rft.au=Ghiorso%2C+Albert&rft.au=Seaborg%2C+Glenn+T.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmilio+Segr%C3%A8" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJackson2002" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_David_Jackson_(physicist)" title="John David Jackson (physicist)">Jackson, J. David</a> (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nasonline.org/publications/biographical-memoirs/memoir-pdfs/segr-emilio.pdf"><i>Emilio Gino Segrè January 30, 1905–April 22, 1989</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Bibliographical Memoirs. Washington, D.C.: <a href="/wiki/National_Academy_of_Sciences" title="National Academy of Sciences">National Academy of Sciences</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/51822510">51822510</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 July</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Emilio+Gino+Segr%C3%A8+January+30%2C+1905%E2%80%93April+22%2C+1989&rft.place=Washington%2C+D.C.&rft.series=Bibliographical+Memoirs&rft.pub=National+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.date=2002&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F51822510&rft.aulast=Jackson&rft.aufirst=J.+David&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasonline.org%2Fpublications%2Fbiographical-memoirs%2Fmemoir-pdfs%2Fsegr-emilio.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmilio+Segr%C3%A8" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Emilio_Segr%C3%A8&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>E. Segrè (1964). <i>Nuclei and Particles.</i></li> <li>E. Segrè (1970). <i>Enrico Fermi, Physicist</i>, University of Chicago Press. <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://plunkettlakepress.com/amaim.html">eBook published by</a> <a href="/wiki/Plunkett_Lake_Press" title="Plunkett Lake Press">Plunkett Lake Press</a> (2016). <a href="/wiki/Amazon_Standard_Identification_Number" title="Amazon Standard Identification Number">ASIN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/dp/B01M30L2QS">B01M30L2QS</a>.</li></ul></li> <li>E. Segrè (1980). <i>From X-rays to Quarks: Modern Physicists and Their Discoveries</i> (Dover Classics of Science & Mathematics), Dover Publications.</li> <li>E. Segrè (1984). <i>From Falling Bodies to Radio Waves: Classical Physicists and Their Discoveries</i>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSegrè1993" class="citation book cs1">Segrè, Emilio (1993). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/mindalwaysinmoti00segr"><i>A Mind Always in Motion: the Autobiography of Emilio Segrè</i></a></span>. Berkeley, California: University of California Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-520-07627-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-520-07627-3"><bdi>978-0-520-07627-3</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/25629433">25629433</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Mind+Always+in+Motion%3A+the+Autobiography+of+Emilio+Segr%C3%A8&rft.place=Berkeley%2C+California&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=1993&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F25629433&rft.isbn=978-0-520-07627-3&rft.aulast=Segr%C3%A8&rft.aufirst=Emilio&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmindalwaysinmoti00segr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmilio+Segr%C3%A8" class="Z3988"></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://publishing.cdlib.org/ucpressebooks/view?docId=ft700007rb">Free Online – UC Press E-Books Collection</a>. <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://plunkettlakepress.com/amaim.html">eBook published by</a> <a href="/wiki/Plunkett_Lake_Press" title="Plunkett Lake Press">Plunkett Lake Press</a> (2016). <a href="/wiki/Amazon_Standard_Identification_Number" title="Amazon Standard Identification Number">ASIN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/dp/B01M3S03Q0">B01M3S03Q0</a>.</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Emilio_Segr%C3%A8&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/4422363-formation-year-element-from-deuteron-bombardment-sup-sup">Segrè, E; et.al. "Formation of the 50-Year Element 94 from Deuteron Bombardment of U238", (June 1942)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Argonne_National_Laboratory" title="Argonne National Laboratory">Argonne National Laboratory</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Energy" title="United States Department of Energy">United States Department of Energy</a> (through predecessor agency the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Atomic_Energy_Commission" title="United States Atomic Energy Commission">Atomic Energy Commission</a>).</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/910247-spontaneous-fission">Segrè, E. "Spontaneous Fission", (22 November 1950)</a>, Radiation Laboratory, <a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Berkeley_National_Laboratory" title="Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory">Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Energy" title="United States Department of Energy">United States Department of Energy</a> (through predecessor agency the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Atomic_Energy_Commission" title="United States Atomic Energy Commission">Atomic Energy Commission</a>).</li> <li>Segrè, E. (1953) <i>Experimental Nuclear Physics</i>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/915069-observation-antiprotons">Segrè, E; et.al. "Observation of Antiprotons", (19 October 1955)</a>, Radiation Laboratory, <a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Berkeley_National_Laboratory" title="Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory">Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Energy" title="United States Department of Energy">United States Department of Energy</a> (through predecessor agency the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Atomic_Energy_Commission" title="United States Atomic Energy Commission">Atomic Energy Commission</a>).</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/915070-antiprotons">Segrè, E; et.al. "Antiprotons", (29 November 1955)</a>, Radiation Laboratory, <a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Berkeley_National_Laboratory" title="Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory">Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Energy" title="United States Department of Energy">United States Department of Energy</a> (through predecessor agency the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Atomic_Energy_Commission" title="United States Atomic Energy Commission">Atomic Energy Commission</a>).</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/914470-antiproton-nucleon-annihilation-process-antiprotoncollaboration-experiment">Segrè, E; et.al. "The Antiproton-Nucleon Annihilation Process (Antiproton Collaboration Experiment)", (10 September 1956)</a>, Radiation Laboratory, <a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Berkeley_National_Laboratory" title="Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory">Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Energy" title="United States Department of Energy">United States Department of Energy</a> (through predecessor agency the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Atomic_Energy_Commission" title="United States Atomic Energy Commission">Atomic Energy Commission</a>).</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/914473-experiments-antiprotons-antiproton-nucleon-crosssections">Segrè, E; et.al. "Experiments on Antiprotons: Antiproton-Nucleon Cross Sections", (22 July 1957)</a>, Radiation Laboratory, <a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Berkeley_National_Laboratory" title="Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory">Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Energy" title="United States Department of Energy">United States Department of Energy</a> (through predecessor agency the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Atomic_Energy_Commission" title="United States Atomic Energy Commission">Atomic Energy Commission</a>).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Emilio_Segr%C3%A8&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Emilio_Segr%C3%A8" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Emilio Segrè"><span style="font-style:italic; font-weight:bold;">Emilio Segrè</span></a>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://manhattanprojectvoices.org/oral-histories/emilio-segr%C3%A8s-interview">1965 Audio Interview with Emilio Segre by Stephane Groueff</a> Voices of the Manhattan Project</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aip.org/history-programs/oral-histories/search?search_api_views_fulltext=Segr%C3%A8">Oral History transcripts with Emilio G. Segre, American Institute of Physics, Niels Bohr Library and Archives</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/laureate/72">Emilio Segrè</a> on Nobelprize.org <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173028#P8024" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span> including his Nobel Lecture, 11 December 1959 <i>Properties of Antinucleons</i></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Archival_collections">Archival collections</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Emilio_Segr%C3%A8&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Archival collections"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libserv.aip.org/ipac20/ipac.jsp?session=16L131033431H.350891&menu=search&aspect=power&npp=10&ipp=20&spp=20&profile=rev-all&ri=11&source=%7E%21horizon&index=.GW&term=EMILIO+SEGR%C3%88+LECTURES+AND+OTHER+COLLECTED+RECORDINGS%2C+1968-1997&x=8&y=11&aspect=power">Emilio Segre lectures and other collected recordings, 1968-1997, Niels Bohr Library & Archives</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ames_Project" title="Ames Project">Ames</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calutron" title="Calutron">Berkeley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metallurgical_Laboratory" title="Metallurgical Laboratory">Chicago</a> (<a href="/wiki/Site_A" title="Site A">Site A</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dayton_Project" title="Dayton Project">Dayton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanford_Engineer_Works" title="Hanford Engineer Works">Hanford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_Camel" title="Project Camel">Inyokern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_Y" title="Project Y">Los Alamos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montreal_Laboratory" title="Montreal Laboratory">Montreal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K-25" title="K-25">New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clinton_Engineer_Works" title="Clinton Engineer Works">Oak Ridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salt_Wells_Pilot_Plant" title="Salt Wells Pilot Plant">Salt Wells Pilot Plant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinity_(nuclear_test)" title="Trinity (nuclear test)">Trinity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wendover_Air_Force_Base" title="Wendover Air Force Base">Wendover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P-9_Project" title="P-9 Project">Heavy water sites</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Administrators</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vannevar_Bush" title="Vannevar Bush">Vannevar Bush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Compton" title="Arthur Compton">Arthur Compton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_B._Conant" title="James B. Conant">James B. Conant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Priscilla_Duffield" title="Priscilla Duffield">Priscilla Duffield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Farrell_(United_States_Army_officer)" title="Thomas Farrell (United States Army officer)">Thomas Farrell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leslie_Groves" title="Leslie Groves">Leslie Groves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Lansdale_Jr." title="John Lansdale Jr.">John Lansdale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Lawrence" title="Ernest Lawrence">Ernest Lawrence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_C._Marshall" title="James C. Marshall">James Marshall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_Matthias" title="Franklin Matthias">Franklin Matthias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_McKibbin" title="Dorothy McKibbin">Dorothy McKibbin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Nichols" title="Kenneth Nichols">Kenneth Nichols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Robert_Oppenheimer" title="J. Robert Oppenheimer">Robert Oppenheimer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Sterling_Parsons" title="William Sterling Parsons">Deak Parsons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boris_Pash" title="Boris Pash">Boris Pash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_R._Purnell" title="William R. Purnell">William Purnell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Spedding" title="Frank Spedding">Frank Spedding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Allen_Thomas" title="Charles Allen Thomas">Charles Thomas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Tibbets" title="Paul Tibbets">Paul Tibbets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_L._Uanna" title="William L. Uanna">Bud Uanna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Urey" title="Harold Urey">Harold Urey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stafford_L._Warren" title="Stafford L. Warren">Stafford Warren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ed_Westcott" title="Ed Westcott">Ed Westcott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roscoe_Charles_Wilson" title="Roscoe Charles Wilson">Roscoe Wilson</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Scientists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Luis_Walter_Alvarez" title="Luis Walter Alvarez">Luis Alvarez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Bacher" title="Robert Bacher">Robert Bacher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Bethe" title="Hans Bethe">Hans Bethe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aage_Bohr" title="Aage Bohr">Aage Bohr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niels_Bohr" title="Niels Bohr">Niels Bohr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norris_Bradbury" title="Norris Bradbury">Norris Bradbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Chadwick" title="James Chadwick">James Chadwick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Cockcroft" title="John Cockcroft">John Cockcroft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Critchfield" title="Charles Critchfield">Charles Critchfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Daghlian" title="Harry Daghlian">Harry Daghlian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_R._Dunning" title="John R. Dunning">John R. Dunning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enrico_Fermi" title="Enrico Fermi">Enrico Fermi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Feynman" title="Richard Feynman">Richard Feynman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Val_Logsdon_Fitch" title="Val Logsdon Fitch">Val Fitch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Franck" title="James Franck">James Franck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klaus_Fuchs" title="Klaus Fuchs">Klaus Fuchs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Goeppert_Mayer" title="Maria Goeppert Mayer">Maria Goeppert Mayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Kistiakowsky" title="George Kistiakowsky">George Kistiakowsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Koval" title="George Koval">George Koval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willard_Libby" title="Willard Libby">Willard Libby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edwin_McMillan" title="Edwin McMillan">Edwin McMillan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Oliphant" title="Mark Oliphant">Mark Oliphant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_B._Pegram" title="George B. Pegram">George B. Pegram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_Ramsey_Jr." title="Norman Ramsey Jr.">Norman Ramsey Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isidor_Isaac_Rabi" title="Isidor Isaac Rabi">Isidor Isaac Rabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Rainwater" title="James Rainwater">James Rainwater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruno_Rossi" title="Bruno Rossi">Bruno Rossi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glenn_T._Seaborg" title="Glenn T. Seaborg">Glenn Seaborg</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Emilio Segrè</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Slotin" title="Louis Slotin">Louis Slotin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_DeWolf_Smyth" title="Henry DeWolf Smyth">Henry DeWolf Smyth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leo_Szilard" title="Leo Szilard">Leo Szilard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Teller" title="Edward Teller">Edward Teller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanis%C5%82aw_Ulam" title="Stanisław Ulam">Stanisław Ulam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_von_Neumann" title="John von Neumann">John von Neumann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Archibald_Wheeler" title="John Archibald Wheeler">John Wheeler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugene_Wigner" title="Eugene Wigner">Eugene Wigner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_R._Wilson" title="Robert R. Wilson">Robert Wilson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leona_Woods" title="Leona Woods">Leona Woods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chien-Shiung_Wu" title="Chien-Shiung Wu">Chien-Shiung Wu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Operations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alsos_Mission" title="Alsos Mission">Alsos Mission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atomic_bombings_of_Hiroshima_and_Nagasaki" title="Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki">Bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Crossroads" title="Operation Crossroads">Operation Crossroads</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Peppermint" title="Operation Peppermint">Operation Peppermint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_Alberta" title="Project Alberta">Project Alberta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silverplate" title="Silverplate">Silverplate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/509th_Composite_Group" title="509th Composite Group">509th Composite Group</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Enola_Gay" title="Enola Gay">Enola Gay</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bockscar" title="Bockscar">Bockscar</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Great_Artiste" title="The Great Artiste">The Great Artiste</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Weapons</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fat_Man" title="Fat Man">Fat Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_Boy" title="Little Boy">Little Boy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pumpkin_bomb" title="Pumpkin bomb">Pumpkin bomb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thin_Man_(nuclear_bomb)" title="Thin Man (nuclear bomb)">Thin Man</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African-American_scientists_and_technicians_on_the_Manhattan_Project" title="African-American scientists and technicians on the Manhattan Project">African Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atomic_Energy_Act_of_1946" title="Atomic Energy Act of 1946">Atomic Energy Act of 1946</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bismuth_phosphate_process" title="Bismuth phosphate process">Bismuth phosphate process</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_contribution_to_the_Manhattan_Project" title="British contribution to the Manhattan Project">British contribution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calutron_Girls" title="Calutron Girls">Calutron Girls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicago_Pile-1" title="Chicago Pile-1">Chicago Pile-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demon_core" title="Demon core">Demon core</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Einstein%E2%80%93Szilard_letter" title="Einstein–Szilard letter">Einstein–Szilard letter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franck_Report" title="Franck Report">Franck Report</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interim_Committee" title="Interim Committee">Interim Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K-25" title="K-25">K-25 Project</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Los_Alamos_Primer" title="Los Alamos Primer">Los Alamos Primer</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Nobel_laureates_who_worked_on_the_Manhattan_Project" title="List of Nobel laureates who worked on the Manhattan Project">Nobel Prize laureates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oppenheimer_security_hearing" class="mw-redirect" title="Oppenheimer security hearing">Oppenheimer security hearing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plutonium" title="Plutonium">Plutonium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quebec_Agreement" title="Quebec Agreement">Quebec Agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RaLa_Experiment" title="RaLa Experiment">RaLa Experiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S-1_Executive_Committee" title="S-1 Executive Committee">S-1 Executive Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S-50_(Manhattan_Project)" title="S-50 (Manhattan Project)">S-50 Project</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smyth_Report" title="Smyth Report">Smyth Report</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uranium" title="Uranium">Uranium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X-10_Graphite_Reactor" title="X-10 Graphite Reactor">X-10 Graphite Reactor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calutron" title="Calutron">Y-12 Project</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Manhattan_Project" title="Category:Manhattan Project">Category</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Laureates_of_the_Nobel_Prize_in_Physics" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Nobel_Prize_in_Physics" title="Template:Nobel Prize in Physics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Nobel_Prize_in_Physics" title="Template talk:Nobel Prize in Physics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Nobel_Prize_in_Physics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Nobel Prize in Physics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Laureates_of_the_Nobel_Prize_in_Physics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Nobel_laureates_in_Physics" title="List of Nobel laureates in Physics">Laureates</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physics" title="Nobel Prize in Physics">Nobel Prize in Physics</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1901–1925</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">1901: <a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_R%C3%B6ntgen" title="Wilhelm Röntgen">Röntgen</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1902: <a href="/wiki/Hendrik_Lorentz" title="Hendrik Lorentz">Lorentz</a> / <a href="/wiki/Pieter_Zeeman" title="Pieter Zeeman">Zeeman</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1903: <a href="/wiki/Henri_Becquerel" title="Henri Becquerel">Becquerel</a> / <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Curie" title="Pierre Curie">P. Curie</a> / <a href="/wiki/Marie_Curie" title="Marie Curie">M. Curie</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1904: <a href="/wiki/John_William_Strutt,_3rd_Baron_Rayleigh" title="John William Strutt, 3rd Baron Rayleigh">Rayleigh</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1905: <a href="/wiki/Philipp_Lenard" title="Philipp Lenard">Lenard</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1906: <a href="/wiki/J._J._Thomson" title="J. J. Thomson">J. J. Thomson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1907: <a href="/wiki/Albert_A._Michelson" title="Albert A. Michelson">Michelson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1908: <a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Lippmann" title="Gabriel Lippmann">Lippmann</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1909: <a href="/wiki/Guglielmo_Marconi" title="Guglielmo Marconi">Marconi</a> / <a href="/wiki/Karl_Ferdinand_Braun" title="Karl Ferdinand Braun">Braun</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1910: <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Diderik_van_der_Waals" title="Johannes Diderik van der Waals">Van der Waals</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1911: <a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Wien" title="Wilhelm Wien">Wien</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1912: <a href="/wiki/Gustaf_Dal%C3%A9n" title="Gustaf Dalén">Dalén</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1913: <a href="/wiki/Heike_Kamerlingh_Onnes" title="Heike Kamerlingh Onnes">Kamerlingh Onnes</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1914: <a href="/wiki/Max_von_Laue" title="Max von Laue">Laue</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1915: <a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Bragg" title="Lawrence Bragg">W. L. Bragg</a> / <a href="/wiki/William_Henry_Bragg" title="William Henry Bragg">W. H. Bragg</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgrey">1916</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1917: <a href="/wiki/Charles_Glover_Barkla" title="Charles Glover Barkla">Barkla</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1918: <a href="/wiki/Max_Planck" title="Max Planck">Planck</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1919: <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Stark" title="Johannes Stark">Stark</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1920: <a href="/wiki/Charles_%C3%89douard_Guillaume" title="Charles Édouard Guillaume">Guillaume</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1921: <a href="/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein">Einstein</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1922: <a href="/wiki/Niels_Bohr" title="Niels Bohr">N. Bohr</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1923: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Andrews_Millikan" title="Robert Andrews Millikan">Millikan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1924: <a href="/wiki/Manne_Siegbahn" title="Manne Siegbahn">M. Siegbahn</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1925: <a href="/wiki/James_Franck" title="James Franck">Franck</a> / <a href="/wiki/Gustav_Ludwig_Hertz" title="Gustav Ludwig Hertz">Hertz</a></span></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/ed/Nobel_Prize.png/80px-Nobel_Prize.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/ed/Nobel_Prize.png/120px-Nobel_Prize.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/ed/Nobel_Prize.png/160px-Nobel_Prize.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="492" /></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1926–1950</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">1926: <a href="/wiki/Jean_Baptiste_Perrin" title="Jean Baptiste Perrin">Perrin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1927: <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Compton" title="Arthur Compton">Compton</a> / <a href="/wiki/Charles_Thomson_Rees_Wilson" title="Charles Thomson Rees Wilson">C. Wilson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1928: <a href="/wiki/Owen_Willans_Richardson" title="Owen Willans Richardson">O. Richardson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1929: <a href="/wiki/Louis_de_Broglie" title="Louis de Broglie">De Broglie</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1930: <a href="/wiki/C._V._Raman" title="C. V. Raman">Raman</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgrey">1931</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1932: <a href="/wiki/Werner_Heisenberg" title="Werner Heisenberg">Heisenberg</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1933: <a href="/wiki/Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger" title="Erwin Schrödinger">Schrödinger</a> / <a href="/wiki/Paul_Dirac" title="Paul Dirac">Dirac</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgrey">1934</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1935: <a href="/wiki/James_Chadwick" title="James Chadwick">Chadwick</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1936: <a href="/wiki/Victor_Francis_Hess" title="Victor Francis Hess">Hess</a> / <a href="/wiki/Carl_David_Anderson" title="Carl David Anderson">C. D. Anderson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1937: <a href="/wiki/Clinton_Davisson" title="Clinton Davisson">Davisson</a> / <a href="/wiki/George_Paget_Thomson" title="George Paget Thomson">G. P. Thomson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1938: <a href="/wiki/Enrico_Fermi" title="Enrico Fermi">Fermi</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1939: <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Lawrence" title="Ernest Lawrence">Lawrence</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgrey">1940</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgrey">1941</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgrey">1942</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1943: <a href="/wiki/Otto_Stern" title="Otto Stern">Stern</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1944: <a href="/wiki/Isidor_Isaac_Rabi" title="Isidor Isaac Rabi">Rabi</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1945: <a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Pauli" title="Wolfgang Pauli">Pauli</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1946: <a href="/wiki/Percy_Williams_Bridgman" title="Percy Williams Bridgman">Bridgman</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1947: <a href="/wiki/Edward_Victor_Appleton" title="Edward Victor Appleton">Appleton</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1948: <a href="/wiki/Patrick_Blackett" title="Patrick Blackett">Blackett</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1949: <a href="/wiki/Hideki_Yukawa" title="Hideki Yukawa">Yukawa</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1950: <a href="/wiki/C._F._Powell" title="C. F. Powell">Powell</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1951–1975</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">1951: <a href="/wiki/John_Cockcroft" title="John Cockcroft">Cockcroft</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Walton" title="Ernest Walton">Walton</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1952: <a href="/wiki/Felix_Bloch" title="Felix Bloch">Bloch</a> / <a href="/wiki/Edward_Mills_Purcell" title="Edward Mills Purcell">Purcell</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1953: <a href="/wiki/Frits_Zernike" title="Frits Zernike">Zernike</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1954: <a href="/wiki/Max_Born" title="Max Born">Born</a> / <a href="/wiki/Walther_Bothe" title="Walther Bothe">Bothe</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1955: <a href="/wiki/Willis_Lamb" title="Willis Lamb">Lamb</a> / <a href="/wiki/Polykarp_Kusch" title="Polykarp Kusch">Kusch</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1956: <a href="/wiki/William_Shockley" title="William Shockley">Shockley</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_Bardeen" title="John Bardeen">Bardeen</a> / <a href="/wiki/Walter_Houser_Brattain" title="Walter Houser Brattain">Brattain</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1957: <a href="/wiki/Yang_Chen-Ning" title="Yang Chen-Ning">C. N. Yang</a> / <a href="/wiki/Tsung-Dao_Lee" title="Tsung-Dao Lee">T. D. Lee</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1958: <a href="/wiki/Pavel_Cherenkov" title="Pavel Cherenkov">Cherenkov</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ilya_Frank" title="Ilya Frank">Frank</a> / <a href="/wiki/Igor_Tamm" title="Igor Tamm">Tamm</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1959: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Segrè</a> / <a href="/wiki/Owen_Chamberlain" title="Owen Chamberlain">Chamberlain</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1960: <a href="/wiki/Donald_A._Glaser" title="Donald A. Glaser">Glaser</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1961: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Hofstadter" title="Robert Hofstadter">Hofstadter</a> / <a href="/wiki/Rudolf_M%C3%B6ssbauer" title="Rudolf Mössbauer">Mössbauer</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1962: <a href="/wiki/Lev_Landau" title="Lev Landau">Landau</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1963: <a href="/wiki/Eugene_Wigner" title="Eugene Wigner">Wigner</a> / <a href="/wiki/Maria_Goeppert_Mayer" title="Maria Goeppert Mayer">Goeppert Mayer</a> / <a href="/wiki/J._Hans_D._Jensen" title="J. Hans D. Jensen">Jensen</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1964: <a href="/wiki/Charles_H._Townes" title="Charles H. Townes">Townes</a> / <a href="/wiki/Nikolay_Basov" title="Nikolay Basov">Basov</a> / <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Prokhorov" title="Alexander Prokhorov">Prokhorov</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1965: <a href="/wiki/Shin%27ichir%C5%8D_Tomonaga" title="Shin'ichirō Tomonaga">Tomonaga</a> / <a href="/wiki/Julian_Schwinger" title="Julian Schwinger">Schwinger</a> / <a href="/wiki/Richard_Feynman" title="Richard Feynman">Feynman</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1966: <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Kastler" title="Alfred Kastler">Kastler</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1967: <a href="/wiki/Hans_Bethe" title="Hans Bethe">Bethe</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1968: <a href="/wiki/Luis_Walter_Alvarez" title="Luis Walter Alvarez">Alvarez</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1969: <a href="/wiki/Murray_Gell-Mann" title="Murray Gell-Mann">Gell-Mann</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1970: <a href="/wiki/Hannes_Alfv%C3%A9n" title="Hannes Alfvén">Alfvén</a> / <a href="/wiki/Louis_N%C3%A9el" title="Louis Néel">Néel</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1971: <a href="/wiki/Dennis_Gabor" title="Dennis Gabor">Gabor</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1972: <a href="/wiki/John_Bardeen" title="John Bardeen">Bardeen</a> / <a href="/wiki/Leon_Cooper" title="Leon Cooper">Cooper</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_Robert_Schrieffer" title="John Robert Schrieffer">Schrieffer</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1973: <a href="/wiki/Leo_Esaki" title="Leo Esaki">Esaki</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ivar_Giaever" title="Ivar Giaever">Giaever</a> / <a href="/wiki/Brian_Josephson" title="Brian Josephson">Josephson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1974: <a href="/wiki/Martin_Ryle" title="Martin Ryle">Ryle</a> / <a href="/wiki/Antony_Hewish" title="Antony Hewish">Hewish</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1975: <a href="/wiki/Aage_Bohr" title="Aage Bohr">A. Bohr</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ben_Roy_Mottelson" title="Ben Roy Mottelson">Mottelson</a> / <a href="/wiki/James_Rainwater" title="James Rainwater">Rainwater</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1976–2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">1976: <a href="/wiki/Burton_Richter" title="Burton Richter">Richter</a> / <a href="/wiki/Samuel_C._C._Ting" title="Samuel C. C. Ting">Ting</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1977: <a href="/wiki/Philip_W._Anderson" title="Philip W. Anderson">P. W. Anderson</a> / <a href="/wiki/Nevill_Francis_Mott" title="Nevill Francis Mott">Mott</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_Hasbrouck_Van_Vleck" title="John Hasbrouck Van Vleck">Van Vleck</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1978: <a href="/wiki/Pyotr_Kapitsa" title="Pyotr Kapitsa">Kapitsa</a> / <a href="/wiki/Arno_Allan_Penzias" title="Arno Allan Penzias">Penzias</a> / <a href="/wiki/Robert_Woodrow_Wilson" title="Robert Woodrow Wilson">R. Wilson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1979: <a href="/wiki/Sheldon_Glashow" title="Sheldon Glashow">Glashow</a> / <a href="/wiki/Abdus_Salam" title="Abdus Salam">Salam</a> / <a href="/wiki/Steven_Weinberg" title="Steven Weinberg">Weinberg</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1980: <a href="/wiki/James_Cronin" title="James Cronin">Cronin</a> / <a href="/wiki/Val_Logsdon_Fitch" title="Val Logsdon Fitch">Fitch</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1981: <a href="/wiki/Nicolaas_Bloembergen" title="Nicolaas Bloembergen">Bloembergen</a> / <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Leonard_Schawlow" title="Arthur Leonard Schawlow">Schawlow</a> / <a href="/wiki/Kai_Siegbahn" title="Kai Siegbahn">K. Siegbahn</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1982: <a href="/wiki/Kenneth_G._Wilson" title="Kenneth G. Wilson">K. Wilson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1983: <a href="/wiki/Subrahmanyan_Chandrasekhar" title="Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar">Chandrasekhar</a> / <a href="/wiki/William_Alfred_Fowler" title="William Alfred Fowler">Fowler</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1984: <a href="/wiki/Carlo_Rubbia" title="Carlo Rubbia">Rubbia</a> / <a href="/wiki/Simon_van_der_Meer" title="Simon van der Meer">Van der Meer</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1985: <a href="/wiki/Klaus_von_Klitzing" title="Klaus von Klitzing">von Klitzing</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1986: <a href="/wiki/Ernst_Ruska" title="Ernst Ruska">Ruska</a> / <a href="/wiki/Gerd_Binnig" title="Gerd Binnig">Binnig</a> / <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Rohrer" title="Heinrich Rohrer">Rohrer</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1987: <a href="/wiki/Georg_Bednorz" title="Georg Bednorz">Bednorz</a> / <a href="/wiki/K._Alex_M%C3%BCller" title="K. Alex Müller">Müller</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1988: <a href="/wiki/Leon_M._Lederman" title="Leon M. Lederman">Lederman</a> / <a href="/wiki/Melvin_Schwartz" title="Melvin Schwartz">Schwartz</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jack_Steinberger" title="Jack Steinberger">Steinberger</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1989: <a href="/wiki/Norman_Foster_Ramsey_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Norman Foster Ramsey Jr.">Ramsey</a> / <a href="/wiki/Hans_Georg_Dehmelt" title="Hans Georg Dehmelt">Dehmelt</a> / <a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Paul" title="Wolfgang Paul">Paul</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1990: <a href="/wiki/Jerome_Isaac_Friedman" title="Jerome Isaac Friedman">Friedman</a> / <a href="/wiki/Henry_Way_Kendall" title="Henry Way Kendall">Kendall</a> / <a href="/wiki/Richard_E._Taylor" title="Richard E. Taylor">R. Taylor</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1991: <a href="/wiki/Pierre-Gilles_de_Gennes" title="Pierre-Gilles de Gennes">de Gennes</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1992: <a href="/wiki/Georges_Charpak" title="Georges Charpak">Charpak</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1993: <a href="/wiki/Russell_Alan_Hulse" title="Russell Alan Hulse">Hulse</a> / <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Hooton_Taylor_Jr." title="Joseph Hooton Taylor Jr.">J. Taylor</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1994: <a href="/wiki/Bertram_Brockhouse" title="Bertram Brockhouse">Brockhouse</a> / <a href="/wiki/Clifford_Shull" title="Clifford Shull">Shull</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1995: <a href="/wiki/Martin_Lewis_Perl" title="Martin Lewis Perl">Perl</a> / <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Reines" title="Frederick Reines">Reines</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1996: <a href="/wiki/David_Lee_(physicist)" title="David Lee (physicist)">D. Lee</a> / <a href="/wiki/Douglas_Osheroff" title="Douglas Osheroff">Osheroff</a> / <a href="/wiki/Robert_Coleman_Richardson" title="Robert Coleman Richardson">R. Richardson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1997: <a href="/wiki/Steven_Chu" title="Steven Chu">Chu</a> / <a href="/wiki/Claude_Cohen-Tannoudji" title="Claude Cohen-Tannoudji">Cohen-Tannoudji</a> / <a href="/wiki/William_Daniel_Phillips" title="William Daniel Phillips">Phillips</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1998: <a href="/wiki/Robert_B._Laughlin" title="Robert B. Laughlin">Laughlin</a> / <a href="/wiki/Horst_Ludwig_St%C3%B6rmer" title="Horst Ludwig Störmer">Störmer</a> / <a href="/wiki/Daniel_C._Tsui" title="Daniel C. Tsui">Tsui</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1999: <a href="/wiki/Gerard_%27t_Hooft" title="Gerard 't Hooft">'t Hooft</a> / <a href="/wiki/Martinus_J._G._Veltman" title="Martinus J. G. Veltman">Veltman</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2000: <a href="/wiki/Zhores_Alferov" title="Zhores Alferov">Alferov</a> / <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Kroemer" title="Herbert Kroemer">Kroemer</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jack_Kilby" title="Jack Kilby">Kilby</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2001–<br />present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">2001: <a href="/wiki/Eric_Allin_Cornell" title="Eric Allin Cornell">Cornell</a> / <a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Ketterle" title="Wolfgang Ketterle">Ketterle</a> / <a href="/wiki/Carl_Wieman" title="Carl Wieman">Wieman</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2002: <a href="/wiki/Raymond_Davis_Jr." title="Raymond Davis Jr.">Davis</a> / <a href="/wiki/Masatoshi_Koshiba" title="Masatoshi Koshiba">Koshiba</a> / <a href="/wiki/Riccardo_Giacconi" title="Riccardo Giacconi">Giacconi</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2003: <a href="/wiki/Alexei_Abrikosov_(physicist)" title="Alexei Abrikosov (physicist)">Abrikosov</a> / <a href="/wiki/Vitaly_Ginzburg" title="Vitaly Ginzburg">Ginzburg</a> / <a href="/wiki/Anthony_James_Leggett" title="Anthony James Leggett">Leggett</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2004: <a href="/wiki/David_Gross" title="David Gross">Gross</a> / <a href="/wiki/Hugh_David_Politzer" title="Hugh David Politzer">Politzer</a> / <a href="/wiki/Frank_Wilczek" title="Frank Wilczek">Wilczek</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2005: <a href="/wiki/Roy_J._Glauber" title="Roy J. Glauber">Glauber</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_L._Hall" title="John L. Hall">Hall</a> / <a href="/wiki/Theodor_W._H%C3%A4nsch" title="Theodor W. Hänsch">Hänsch</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2006: <a href="/wiki/John_C._Mather" title="John C. Mather">Mather</a> / <a href="/wiki/George_Smoot" title="George Smoot">Smoot</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2007: <a href="/wiki/Albert_Fert" title="Albert Fert">Fert</a> / <a href="/wiki/Peter_Gr%C3%BCnberg" title="Peter Grünberg">Grünberg</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2008: <a href="/wiki/Yoichiro_Nambu" title="Yoichiro Nambu">Nambu</a> / <a href="/wiki/Makoto_Kobayashi_(physicist)" class="mw-redirect" title="Makoto Kobayashi (physicist)">Kobayashi</a> / <a href="/wiki/Toshihide_Maskawa" title="Toshihide Maskawa">Maskawa</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2009: <a href="/wiki/Charles_K._Kao" title="Charles K. Kao">Kao</a> / <a href="/wiki/Willard_Boyle" title="Willard Boyle">Boyle</a> / <a href="/wiki/George_E._Smith" title="George E. Smith">Smith</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2010: <a href="/wiki/Andre_Geim" title="Andre Geim">Geim</a> / <a href="/wiki/Konstantin_Novoselov" title="Konstantin Novoselov">Novoselov</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2011: <a href="/wiki/Saul_Perlmutter" title="Saul Perlmutter">Perlmutter</a> / <a href="/wiki/Brian_Schmidt" title="Brian Schmidt">Schmidt</a> / <a href="/wiki/Adam_Riess" title="Adam Riess">Riess</a> </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2012: <a href="/wiki/David_J._Wineland" title="David J. Wineland">Wineland</a> / <a href="/wiki/Serge_Haroche" title="Serge Haroche">Haroche</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2013: <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Englert" title="François Englert">Englert</a> / <a href="/wiki/Peter_Higgs" title="Peter Higgs">Higgs</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2014: <a href="/wiki/Isamu_Akasaki" title="Isamu Akasaki">Akasaki</a> / <a href="/wiki/Hiroshi_Amano" title="Hiroshi Amano">Amano</a> / <a href="/wiki/Shuji_Nakamura" title="Shuji Nakamura">Nakamura</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2015: <a href="/wiki/Takaaki_Kajita" title="Takaaki Kajita">Kajita</a> / <a href="/wiki/Arthur_B._McDonald" title="Arthur B. McDonald">McDonald</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2016: <a href="/wiki/David_J._Thouless" title="David J. Thouless">Thouless</a> / <a href="/wiki/Duncan_Haldane" title="Duncan Haldane">Haldane</a> / <a href="/wiki/J._Michael_Kosterlitz" title="J. Michael Kosterlitz">Kosterlitz</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2017: <a href="/wiki/Rainer_Weiss" title="Rainer Weiss">Weiss</a> / <a href="/wiki/Barry_Barish" title="Barry Barish">Barish</a> / <a href="/wiki/Kip_Thorne" title="Kip Thorne">Thorne</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2018: <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Ashkin" title="Arthur Ashkin">Ashkin</a> / <a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9rard_Mourou" title="Gérard Mourou">Mourou</a> / <a href="/wiki/Donna_Strickland" title="Donna Strickland">Strickland</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2019: <a href="/wiki/Jim_Peebles" title="Jim Peebles">Peebles</a> / <a href="/wiki/Michel_Mayor" title="Michel Mayor">Mayor</a> / <a href="/wiki/Didier_Queloz" title="Didier Queloz">Queloz</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2020: <a href="/wiki/Roger_Penrose" title="Roger Penrose">Penrose</a> / <a href="/wiki/Reinhard_Genzel" title="Reinhard Genzel">Genzel</a> / <a href="/wiki/Andrea_M._Ghez" title="Andrea M. Ghez">Ghez</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2021: <a href="/wiki/Giorgio_Parisi" title="Giorgio Parisi">Parisi</a> / <a href="/wiki/Klaus_Hasselmann" title="Klaus Hasselmann">Hasselmann</a> / <a href="/wiki/Syukuro_Manabe" title="Syukuro Manabe">Manabe</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2022: <a href="/wiki/Alain_Aspect" title="Alain Aspect">Aspect</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_Clauser" title="John Clauser">Clauser</a> / <a href="/wiki/Anton_Zeilinger" title="Anton Zeilinger">Zeilinger</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2023: <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Agostini" title="Pierre Agostini">Agostini</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ferenc_Krausz" title="Ferenc Krausz">Krausz</a> / <a href="/wiki/Anne_L%27Huillier" title="Anne L'Huillier">L'Huillier</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2024: <a href="/wiki/John_Hopfield" title="John Hopfield">Hopfield</a> / <a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Hinton" title="Geoffrey Hinton">Hinton</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="1959_Nobel_Prize_laureates" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:1959_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1959 Nobel Prize winners"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:1959_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template talk:1959 Nobel Prize winners"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:1959_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Special:EditPage/Template:1959 Nobel Prize winners"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="1959_Nobel_Prize_laureates" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">1959 <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize" title="Nobel Prize">Nobel Prize</a> laureates</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Chemistry" title="Nobel Prize in Chemistry">Chemistry</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jaroslav_Heyrovsk%C3%BD" title="Jaroslav Heyrovský">Jaroslav Heyrovský</a> (Czechoslovakia)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="Nobel Prize in Literature">Literature</a> (<a href="/wiki/1959_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1959 Nobel Prize in Literature">1959</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Salvatore_Quasimodo" title="Salvatore Quasimodo">Salvatore Quasimodo</a> (Italy)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="Nobel Peace Prize">Peace</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Noel-Baker" title="Philip Noel-Baker">Philip Noel-Baker</a> (United Kingdom)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physics" title="Nobel Prize in Physics">Physics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Emilio G. Segrè</a> (Italy)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Owen_Chamberlain" title="Owen Chamberlain">Owen Chamberlain</a> (United States)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physiology_or_Medicine" title="Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine">Physiology or Medicine</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Kornberg" title="Arthur Kornberg">Arthur Kornberg</a> (United States)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Severo_Ochoa" title="Severo Ochoa">Severo Ochoa</a> (United States)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <dl><dt><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Nobel_laureates" title="List of Nobel laureates">Nobel Prize recipients</a></span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:1954_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1954 Nobel Prize winners">1954</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:1955_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1955 Nobel Prize winners">1955</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:1956_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1956 Nobel Prize winners">1956</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:1957_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1957 Nobel Prize winners">1957</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:1958_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1958 Nobel Prize winners">1958</a></dd> <dd><b>1959 </b></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:1960_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1960 Nobel Prize winners">1960</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:1961_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1961 Nobel Prize winners">1961</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:1962_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1962 Nobel Prize winners">1962</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:1963_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1963 Nobel Prize winners">1963</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:1964_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1964 Nobel Prize winners">1964</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Time_Persons_of_the_Year" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Time_Persons_of_the_Year" title="Template:Time Persons of the Year"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Time_Persons_of_the_Year" title="Template talk:Time Persons of the Year"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Time_Persons_of_the_Year" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Time Persons of the Year"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Time_Persons_of_the_Year" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Time_Person_of_the_Year" title="Time Person of the Year"><i>Time</i> Persons of the Year</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1927–1950</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Lindbergh" title="Charles Lindbergh">Charles Lindbergh</a> (1927)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Walter_Chrysler" title="Walter Chrysler">Walter Chrysler</a> (1928)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Owen_D._Young" title="Owen D. Young">Owen D. Young</a> (1929)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi" title="Mahatma Gandhi">Mohandas Gandhi</a> (1930)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Laval" title="Pierre Laval">Pierre Laval</a> (1931)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Franklin D. Roosevelt</a> (1932)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_S._Johnson" title="Hugh S. Johnson">Hugh S. Johnson</a> (1933)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Franklin D. Roosevelt</a> (1934)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Haile_Selassie" title="Haile Selassie">Haile Selassie</a> (1935)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Wallis_Simpson" title="Wallis Simpson">Wallis Simpson</a> (1936)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Chiang_Kai-shek" title="Chiang Kai-shek">Chiang Kai-shek</a> / <a href="/wiki/Soong_Mei-ling" title="Soong Mei-ling">Soong Mei-ling</a> (1937)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler" title="Adolf Hitler">Adolf Hitler</a> (1938)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Stalin" title="Joseph Stalin">Joseph Stalin</a> (1939)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill">Winston Churchill</a> (1940)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Franklin D. Roosevelt</a> (1941)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Stalin" title="Joseph Stalin">Joseph Stalin</a> (1942)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_C._Marshall" title="George C. Marshall">George Marshall</a> (1943)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="Dwight D. Eisenhower">Dwight D. Eisenhower</a> (1944)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Harry_S._Truman" title="Harry S. Truman">Harry S. Truman</a> (1945)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/James_F._Byrnes" title="James F. Byrnes">James F. Byrnes</a> (1946)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_C._Marshall" title="George C. Marshall">George Marshall</a> (1947)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Harry_S._Truman" title="Harry S. Truman">Harry S. Truman</a> (1948)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill">Winston Churchill</a> (1949)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Korean_War" title="Korean War">The American Fighting-Man</a> (1950)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1951–1975</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Mosaddegh" title="Mohammad Mosaddegh">Mohammed Mosaddeq</a> (1951)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_II" title="Elizabeth II">Elizabeth II </a> (1952)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Konrad_Adenauer" title="Konrad Adenauer">Konrad Adenauer</a> (1953)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Foster_Dulles" title="John Foster Dulles">John Foster Dulles</a> (1954)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Harlow_Curtice" title="Harlow Curtice">Harlow Curtice</a> (1955)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Revolution_of_1956" title="Hungarian Revolution of 1956">Hungarian Freedom Fighters</a> (1956)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nikita_Khrushchev" title="Nikita Khrushchev">Nikita Khrushchev</a> (1957)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Charles_de_Gaulle" title="Charles de Gaulle">Charles de Gaulle</a> (1958)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="Dwight D. Eisenhower">Dwight D. Eisenhower</a> (1959)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="wrap"> U.S. Scientists: <a href="/wiki/George_Beadle" title="George Beadle">George Beadle</a> / <a href="/wiki/Charles_Stark_Draper" title="Charles Stark Draper">Charles Draper</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_Franklin_Enders" title="John Franklin Enders">John Enders</a> / <a href="/wiki/Donald_A._Glaser" title="Donald A. Glaser">Donald A. Glaser</a> / <a href="/wiki/Joshua_Lederberg" title="Joshua Lederberg">Joshua Lederberg</a> / <a href="/wiki/Willard_Libby" title="Willard Libby">Willard Libby</a> / <a href="/wiki/Linus_Pauling" title="Linus Pauling">Linus Pauling</a> / <a href="/wiki/Edward_Mills_Purcell" title="Edward Mills Purcell">Edward Purcell</a> / <a href="/wiki/Isidor_Isaac_Rabi" title="Isidor Isaac Rabi">Isidor Rabi</a> / <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Emilio Segrè</a> / <a href="/wiki/William_Shockley" title="William Shockley">William Shockley</a> / <a href="/wiki/Edward_Teller" title="Edward Teller">Edward Teller</a> / <a href="/wiki/Charles_H._Townes" title="Charles H. Townes">Charles Townes</a> / <a href="/wiki/James_Van_Allen" title="James Van Allen">James Van Allen</a> / <a href="/wiki/Robert_Burns_Woodward" title="Robert Burns Woodward">Robert Woodward</a> </span> (1960)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy" title="John F. Kennedy">John F. Kennedy</a> (1961)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pope_John_XXIII" title="Pope John XXIII">Pope John XXIII</a> (1962)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther_King_Jr." title="Martin Luther King Jr.">Martin Luther King Jr.</a> (1963)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Lyndon B. Johnson">Lyndon B. Johnson</a> (1964)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Westmoreland" title="William Westmoreland">William Westmoreland</a> (1965)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Baby_boomers" title="Baby boomers">The Generation Twenty-Five and Under</a> (1966)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Lyndon B. Johnson">Lyndon B. Johnson</a> (1967)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="wrap"> <a href="/wiki/Apollo_8" title="Apollo 8">The Apollo 8 Astronauts</a>: <a href="/wiki/William_Anders" title="William Anders">William Anders</a> / <a href="/wiki/Frank_Borman" title="Frank Borman">Frank Borman</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jim_Lovell" title="Jim Lovell">Jim Lovell</a> </span> (1968)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Middle_America_(United_States)" title="Middle America (United States)">The Middle Americans</a> (1969)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Willy_Brandt" title="Willy Brandt">Willy Brandt</a> (1970)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon">Richard Nixon</a> (1971)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Henry_Kissinger" title="Henry Kissinger">Henry Kissinger</a> / <a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon">Richard Nixon</a> (1972)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Sirica" title="John Sirica">John Sirica</a> (1973)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Faisal_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="Faisal of Saudi Arabia">King Faisal</a> (1974)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="wrap"> American Women: <a href="/wiki/Susan_Brownmiller" title="Susan Brownmiller">Susan Brownmiller</a> / <a href="/wiki/Kathleen_Byerly" title="Kathleen Byerly">Kathleen Byerly</a> / <a href="/wiki/Alison_Cheek" title="Alison Cheek">Alison Cheek</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jill_Ker_Conway" title="Jill Ker Conway">Jill Conway</a> / <a href="/wiki/Betty_Ford" title="Betty Ford">Betty Ford</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ella_Grasso" title="Ella Grasso">Ella Grasso</a> / <a href="/wiki/Carla_Anderson_Hills" title="Carla Anderson Hills">Carla Hills</a> / <a href="/wiki/Barbara_Jordan" title="Barbara Jordan">Barbara Jordan</a> / <a href="/wiki/Billie_Jean_King" title="Billie Jean King">Billie Jean King</a> / <a href="/wiki/Susie_Sharp" title="Susie Sharp">Susie Sharp</a> / <a href="/wiki/Carol_Sutton_(journalist)" title="Carol Sutton (journalist)">Carol Sutton</a> / <a href="/wiki/Addie_L._Wyatt" title="Addie L. Wyatt">Addie Wyatt</a> </span> (1975)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1976–2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter">Jimmy Carter</a> (1976)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Anwar_Sadat" title="Anwar Sadat">Anwar Sadat</a> (1977)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Deng_Xiaoping" title="Deng Xiaoping">Deng Xiaoping</a> (1978)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ruhollah_Khomeini" title="Ruhollah Khomeini">Ayatollah Khomeini</a> (1979)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a> (1980)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lech_Wa%C5%82%C4%99sa" title="Lech Wałęsa">Lech Wałęsa</a> (1981)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Personal_computer" title="Personal computer">The Computer</a> (1982)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a> / <a href="/wiki/Yuri_Andropov" title="Yuri Andropov">Yuri Andropov</a> (1983)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Ueberroth" title="Peter Ueberroth">Peter Ueberroth</a> (1984)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Deng_Xiaoping" title="Deng Xiaoping">Deng Xiaoping</a> (1985)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Corazon_Aquino" title="Corazon Aquino">Corazon Aquino</a> (1986)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Gorbachev" title="Mikhail Gorbachev">Mikhail Gorbachev</a> (1987)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Environmentalism" title="Environmentalism">The Endangered Earth</a> (1988)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Gorbachev" title="Mikhail Gorbachev">Mikhail Gorbachev</a> (1989)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_H._W._Bush" title="George H. W. Bush">George H. W. Bush</a> (1990)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ted_Turner" title="Ted Turner">Ted Turner</a> (1991)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">Bill Clinton</a> (1992)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="wrap"> The Peacemakers: <a href="/wiki/Yasser_Arafat" title="Yasser Arafat">Yasser Arafat</a> / <a href="/wiki/F._W._de_Klerk" title="F. W. de Klerk">F. W. de Klerk</a> / <a href="/wiki/Nelson_Mandela" title="Nelson Mandela">Nelson Mandela</a> / <a href="/wiki/Yitzhak_Rabin" title="Yitzhak Rabin">Yitzhak Rabin</a> </span> (1993)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pope_John_Paul_II" title="Pope John Paul II">Pope John Paul II</a> (1994)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Newt_Gingrich" title="Newt Gingrich">Newt Gingrich</a> (1995)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/David_Ho" title="David Ho">David Ho</a> (1996)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Grove" title="Andrew Grove">Andrew Grove</a> (1997)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">Bill Clinton</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ken_Starr" title="Ken Starr">Ken Starr</a> (1998)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jeff_Bezos" title="Jeff Bezos">Jeff Bezos</a> (1999)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a> (2000)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2001–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Rudy_Giuliani" title="Rudy Giuliani">Rudolph Giuliani</a> (2001)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="wrap"> The Whistleblowers: <a href="/wiki/Cynthia_Cooper_(accountant)" title="Cynthia Cooper (accountant)">Cynthia Cooper</a> / <a href="/wiki/Coleen_Rowley" title="Coleen Rowley">Coleen Rowley</a> / <a href="/wiki/Sherron_Watkins" title="Sherron Watkins">Sherron Watkins</a> </span> (2002)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Iraq_War" title="Iraq War">The American Soldier</a> (2003)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a> (2004)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="wrap"> The Good Samaritans: <a href="/wiki/Bono" title="Bono">Bono</a> / <a href="/wiki/Bill_Gates" title="Bill Gates">Bill Gates</a> / <a href="/wiki/Melinda_French_Gates" title="Melinda French Gates">Melinda Gates</a> </span> (2005)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/You_(Time_Person_of_the_Year)" title="You (Time Person of the Year)">You</a> (2006)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a> (2007)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> (2008)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ben_Bernanke" title="Ben Bernanke">Ben Bernanke</a> (2009)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mark_Zuckerberg" title="Mark Zuckerberg">Mark Zuckerberg</a> (2010)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Protest" title="Protest">The Protester</a> (2011)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> (2012)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pope_Francis" title="Pope Francis">Pope Francis</a> (2013)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="wrap"> <a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_West_African_Ebola_virus_epidemic" title="Responses to the West African Ebola virus epidemic">Ebola Fighters</a>: Dr. Jerry Brown / Dr. <a href="/wiki/Kent_Brantly" title="Kent Brantly">Kent Brantly</a> / Ella Watson-Stryker / Foday Gollah / <a href="/wiki/Salome_Karwah" title="Salome Karwah">Salome Karwah</a> </span> (2014)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Angela_Merkel" title="Angela Merkel">Angela Merkel</a> (2015)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> (2016)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/MeToo_movement" title="MeToo movement">The Silence Breakers</a> (2017)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="wrap"> The Guardians: <a href="/wiki/Jamal_Khashoggi" title="Jamal Khashoggi">Jamal Khashoggi</a> / <a href="/wiki/Maria_Ressa" title="Maria Ressa">Maria Ressa</a> / <a href="/wiki/Wa_Lone" title="Wa Lone">Wa Lone</a> / <a href="/wiki/Kyaw_Soe_Oo" title="Kyaw Soe Oo">Kyaw Soe Oo</a> / Staff of <i><a href="/wiki/Capital_Gazette_shooting" title="Capital Gazette shooting">The Capital</a></i> </span> (2018)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Greta_Thunberg" title="Greta Thunberg">Greta Thunberg</a> (2019)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a> / <a href="/wiki/Kamala_Harris" title="Kamala Harris">Kamala Harris</a> (2020)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Elon_Musk" title="Elon Musk">Elon Musk</a> (2021)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Volodymyr_Zelenskyy" title="Volodymyr Zelenskyy">Volodymyr Zelenskyy</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ukrainians" title="Ukrainians">Spirit of Ukraine</a> (2022)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Taylor_Swift" title="Taylor Swift">Taylor Swift</a> (2023)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="New_Mexico_during_World_War_II" style=";wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:New_Mexico_during_World_War_II" title="Template:New Mexico during World War II"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:New_Mexico_during_World_War_II" title="Template talk:New Mexico during World War II"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:New_Mexico_during_World_War_II" title="Special:EditPage/Template:New Mexico during World War II"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="New_Mexico_during_World_War_II" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/New_Mexico_during_World_War_II" title="New Mexico during World War II">New Mexico during World War II</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Aeby" title="Jack Aeby">Jack Aeby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerry_C._Begay" title="Jerry C. Begay">Jerry C. Begay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_J._Dempsey" title="John J. Dempsey">John J. Dempsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Farrell_(general)" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomas Farrell (general)">Thomas Farrell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enrico_Fermi" title="Enrico Fermi">Enrico Fermi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leslie_Groves" title="Leslie Groves">Leslie Groves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_E._Miles" title="John E. Miles">John E. Miles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chester_Nez" title="Chester Nez">Chester Nez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lloyd_Oliver" title="Lloyd Oliver">Lloyd Oliver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willard_Varnell_Oliver" title="Willard Varnell Oliver">Willard Varnell Oliver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Robert_Oppenheimer" title="J. Robert Oppenheimer">J. Robert Oppenheimer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merril_Sandoval" title="Merril Sandoval">Merril Sandoval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emilio_G._Segr%C3%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="Emilio G. Segrè">Emilio G. Segrè</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Tsosie_Thompson" title="Frank Tsosie Thompson">Frank Tsosie Thompson</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Trinity_-_Explosion_15s.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Trinity_-_Explosion_15s.jpg/150px-Trinity_-_Explosion_15s.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="119" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Trinity_-_Explosion_15s.jpg/225px-Trinity_-_Explosion_15s.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Trinity_-_Explosion_15s.jpg/300px-Trinity_-_Explosion_15s.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="635" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Military installations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Holloman_Air_Force_Base#World_War_II" title="Holloman Air Force Base">Alamogordo Army Airfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lordsburg,_New_Mexico#World_War_II" title="Lordsburg, New Mexico">Camp Lordsburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannon_Air_Force_Base#World_War_II" title="Cannon Air Force Base">Clovis Army Airfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cavern_City_Air_Terminal#History" title="Cavern City Air Terminal">Carlsbad Army Airfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deming_Municipal_Airport#World_War_II" title="Deming Municipal Airport">Deming Army Airfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Stanton" title="Fort Stanton">Fort Stanton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Sumner_Municipal_Airport#History" title="Fort Sumner Municipal Airport">Fort Sumner Army Aifield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hobbs_Army_Airfield" title="Hobbs Army Airfield">Hobbs Army Airfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirtland_Air_Force_Base#World_War_II" title="Kirtland Air Force Base">Kirtland Field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Los_Alamos_National_Laboratory" title="Los Alamos National Laboratory">Los Alamos National Laboratory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walker_Air_Force_Base#World_War_II" title="Walker Air Force Base">Roswell Army Airfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Sands_Missile_Range" title="White Sands Missile Range">White Sands Proving Ground</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/200th_Coast_Artillery_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="200th Coast Artillery (United States)">200th Coast Artillery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Theater_(World_War_II)" class="mw-redirect" title="American Theater (World War II)">American Theater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arizona_during_World_War_II" title="Arizona during World War II">Arizona during World War II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bat_bomb" title="Bat bomb">Bat bomb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_talker" title="Code talker">Code talker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Escape_from_Fort_Stanton" title="Escape from Fort Stanton">Escape from Fort Stanton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lordsburg_killings" title="Lordsburg killings">Lordsburg Killings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manhattan_Project" title="Manhattan Project">Manhattan Project</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_the_United_States_during_World_War_II" title="Military history of the United States during World War II">Military history of the United States during World War II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nevada_during_World_War_II" title="Nevada during World War II">Nevada during World War II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Mexico_World_War_II_Army_Airfields" title="New Mexico World War II Army Airfields">New Mexico World War II Army Airfields</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Fe_Riot" class="mw-redirect" title="Santa Fe Riot">Santa Fe Riot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinity_(nuclear_test)" title="Trinity (nuclear test)">Trinity</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Stylised_atom_with_three_Bohr_model_orbits_and_stylised_nucleus.svg/17px-Stylised_atom_with_three_Bohr_model_orbits_and_stylised_nucleus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Stylised_atom_with_three_Bohr_model_orbits_and_stylised_nucleus.svg/26px-Stylised_atom_with_three_Bohr_model_orbits_and_stylised_nucleus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Stylised_atom_with_three_Bohr_model_orbits_and_stylised_nucleus.svg/34px-Stylised_atom_with_three_Bohr_model_orbits_and_stylised_nucleus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="530" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Physics" title="Portal:Physics">Physics</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="image" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Newton%27s_reflecting_telescope.jpg/17px-Newton%27s_reflecting_telescope.jpg" decoding="async" width="17" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Newton%27s_reflecting_telescope.jpg/26px-Newton%27s_reflecting_telescope.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Newton%27s_reflecting_telescope.jpg/34px-Newton%27s_reflecting_telescope.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1140" data-file-height="1276" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:History_of_science" title="Portal:History of science">History of science</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/21px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="11" class="mw-file-element" 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title="Portal:Italy">Italy</a></li></ul></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173028#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173028#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173028#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000446451085">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/246165026">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/48834/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJqbjPtFKP39TWQVKM8V4q">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/119166917">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n80006206">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb120133900">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb120133900">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00474804">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Segrè, Emilio"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/CFIV031603">Italy</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35488048">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=jx20101209017&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX1664104">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.bnportugal.gov.pt/aut/catbnp/74596">Portugal</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p072637196">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90057570">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000291280&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.nlg.gr/cgi-bin/koha/opac-authoritiesdetail.pl?authid=186846">Greece</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lod.nl.go.kr/resource/KAC201424416">Korea</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810698499305606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=495/250771">Vatican</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007279140205171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058514089606706">Catalonia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.kbr.be/LIBRARY/doc/AUTHORITY/14188529">Belgium</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA00680878?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mathgenealogy.org/id.php?id=155594">Mathematics Genealogy Project</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zbmath.org/authors/?q=ai:segre.emilio">zbMATH</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mathscinet.ams.org/mathscinet/MRAuthorID/536170">MathSciNet</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pic.nypl.org/constituents/334714">Photographers' Identities</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/971079">Trove</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="SEGRÈ, Emilio Gino"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/emilio-gino-segre_(Dizionario-Biografico)">Italian People</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd119166917.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/119166917">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/028261828">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10580420">NARA</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w67r1kpz">SNAC</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Emilio_Segrè&oldid=1255599796">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Emilio_Segrè&oldid=1255599796</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1905_births" title="Category:1905 births">1905 births</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1989_deaths" title="Category:1989 deaths">1989 deaths</a></li><li><a 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