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<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>FAQ - Definition of Free Cultural Works</title> <script>document.documentElement.className="client-js";RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy","wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"7b9a3b2391e92bacb5df4ddf","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"FAQ","wgTitle":"FAQ","wgCurRevisionId":27108,"wgRevisionId":27108,"wgArticleId":1312,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":[],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"FAQ","wgRelevantArticleId":1312,"wgIsProbablyEditable":false,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":false,"wgRestrictionEdit":["autoconfirmed"],"wgRestrictionMove":["sysop"],"wgRedirectedFrom":"Definition_of_Free_Cultural_Works:General_disclaimer", "wgInternalRedirectTargetUrl":"/FAQ"};RLSTATE={"site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","skins.vector.styles.legacy":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["mediawiki.action.view.redirect","site","mediawiki.page.ready","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.legacy.js"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/load.php?lang=en&modules=skins.vector.styles.legacy&only=styles&skin=vector"> <script async="" src="/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.41.1"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1000"> <link rel="icon" href="/favicon.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/opensearch_desc.php" title="Definition of Free Cultural Works (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="https://freedomdefined.org/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://freedomdefined.org/FAQ"> <link rel="license" href="https://freedomdefined.org/Licenses/CC-BY-2.5"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Definition of Free Cultural Works Atom feed" href="/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> </head> <body class="skin-vector-legacy mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-FAQ rootpage-FAQ skin-vector action-view"><div id="mw-page-base" class="noprint"></div> <div id="mw-head-base" class="noprint"></div> <div id="content" class="mw-body" role="main"> <a id="top"></a> <div id="siteNotice"><div id="localNotice"><div class="sitenotice" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p><b>Version 1.1 of the <a href="/Definition" title="Definition">definition</a> has been released. Please <a href="/Definition/Unstable" title="Definition/Unstable">help updating it</a>, contribute <a href="/Translations" title="Translations">translations</a>, and help us with the design of <a href="/Logos_and_buttons" title="Logos and buttons">logos and buttons</a> to identify free cultural works and licenses!</b> </p></div></div></div> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">FAQ</span></h1> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body"> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Definition of Free Cultural Works</div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/index.php?title=Definition_of_Free_Cultural_Works:General_disclaimer&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Definition of Free Cultural Works:General disclaimer">Definition of Free Cultural Works:General disclaimer</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="contentSub2"></div> <div id="jump-to-nav"></div> <a class="mw-jump-link" href="#mw-head">Jump to navigation</a> <a class="mw-jump-link" href="#searchInput">Jump to search</a> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="mw-parser-output"><div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none" /><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Is_there_really_a_need_for_this?_We_already_have_so_many_licenses."><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Is there really a need for this? We already have so many licenses.</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#So_what_do_I_need_to_put_my_work_under_this_definition_then?"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">So what do I need to put my work under this definition then?</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#What_are_the_primary_uses_of_this_definition?"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">What are the primary uses of this definition?</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="#Aren't_you_pretty_arrogant_for_wanting_to_decide_for_everyone_what's_free?"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Aren't you pretty arrogant for wanting to decide for everyone what's free?</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="#Why_don't_you_have_any_moderators_who_are_professional_(NAME_PROFESSION)?"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Why don't you have any moderators who are professional (NAME PROFESSION)?</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="#But_how_will_people_make_money_under_this_definition?"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">But how will people make money under this definition?</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="#What_about_logos?_Why_do_all_open_source_/_free_content-supportive_organisations_currently_have_copyrighted_logos?"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">What about logos? Why do all open source / free content-supportive organisations currently have copyrighted logos?</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="#What_about_other_kinds_of_commons,_like_grains,_electromagnetic_spectrum,_genetic_information?_They_need_a_"freedom"_definition,_too."><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">What about other kinds of commons, like grains, electromagnetic spectrum, genetic information? They need a "freedom" definition, too.</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9"><a href="#Who_wrote_this?_Who_administers_the_site?"><span class="tocnumber">9</span> <span class="toctext">Who wrote this? Who administers the site?</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-10"><a href="#Why_isn't_a_Non-Commercial_restriction_considered_free?"><span class="tocnumber">10</span> <span class="toctext">Why isn't a Non-Commercial restriction considered free?</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-11"><a href="#Why_isn't_a_NoDerivatives_restriction_considered_free?"><span class="tocnumber">11</span> <span class="toctext">Why isn't a NoDerivatives restriction considered free?</span></a></li> </ul> </div> <h2><span id="Is_there_really_a_need_for_this.3F_We_already_have_so_many_licenses."></span><span class="mw-headline" id="Is_there_really_a_need_for_this?_We_already_have_so_many_licenses.">Is there really a need for this? We already have so many licenses.</span></h2> <p>The Free Content and Expression Definition is not a license, it is a list of conditions under which a work must be available in order to be considered "free". In other words, it is a way to classify existing licenses. At the time the first draft of the definition was published (June 30, 2010), no such definition existed for free content (two definitions existed for free software). </p> <h2><span id="So_what_do_I_need_to_put_my_work_under_this_definition_then.3F"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="So_what_do_I_need_to_put_my_work_under_this_definition_then?">So what do I need to put my work under this definition then?</span></h2> <p>As the definition is not a license, but only classifies which licenses can be considered free, you have to pick one of these <a href="/Licenses" title="Licenses">licenses</a> and apply them to your work (usually by attaching a text such as "This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution CC-BY-SA-3.0 license" with a link to the license text). If you want to express your support for free content, you can <a href="/Logos_and_buttons" title="Logos and buttons">help us design logos and buttons</a>. </p> <h2><span id="What_are_the_primary_uses_of_this_definition.3F"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="What_are_the_primary_uses_of_this_definition?">What are the primary uses of this definition?</span></h2> <p>There are two primary goals: </p> <ol><li>To bring unity and clarity to the growing free content and free expression movements. We believe that a successful social movement must first define its goals and its vision and then communicate these to others. The definition helps with the first part while logos and other awareness materials can help with the second. Finally, while this website is not a community site in the traditional sense, it may help to bring together people from different free content projects, and could lead to new web sites and organizations specifically targeted at the free content movement.</li> <li>To make communications with copyright holders more effective. Often, people state that their work is "free", "open content", or "open access", without qualifying this. The Creative Commons licenses are a good example of this: the Creative Commons logo simply states, generically, "Some Rights Reserved", and you have to click on the logo to find out which ones. It is very common for people to simply say that their work is <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://startpage.com/do/metasearch.pl?cmd=process_search&query=%22under+a+Creative+Commons+license%22&language=english&cat=web&with_language=&with_region=&pl=&ff=&rl=&hmb=1&abp=-1">"under a Creative Commons license"</a>. This can mean many things, including, in the extreme cases, licenses which restrict the use of a work to certain world regions, or which forbid both commercial use and derivative works. This definition allows you to simply ask: "Is it <i>free content</i>?". When the answer is "yes", you'll know precisely which rights you have even though some terms of these licenses are different.</li></ol> <h2><span id="Aren.27t_you_pretty_arrogant_for_wanting_to_decide_for_everyone_what.27s_free.3F"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="Aren't_you_pretty_arrogant_for_wanting_to_decide_for_everyone_what's_free?">Aren't you pretty arrogant for wanting to decide for everyone what's free?</span></h2> <p>We do not attempt to monopolize the definition of "free"; we just define <a href="/Definition" title="Definition">what "free" means according to <b>freedomdefined.org</b></a> only (not to everyone), and we propose this definition as a "default meaning" in discussions to avoid ambiguity, ease communication and make discussions more productive. </p><p>To ensure that this is a reasonable and widely accepted definition, we are basing our work on the existing philosophies of free software and open source, on the existing policies of projects like <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia" class="extiw" title="w:Wikipedia">Wikipedia</a>, and on a strong moral conviction that as many works as reasonably possible should be available to all human beings, as freely as possible. People are welcome to release their works as something other than Free Content or Free Expression. In the short term, most people will. Many will try to use "semi-free" licenses. </p><p>Of course, we do not claim or seek a monopoly on the word "free". You are free (no pun intended) to use these terms as you wish, to argue for a different set of essential freedoms, or to attempt to redirect this definition by working with us. You are welcome to create your own term, defined differently, and use that. </p> <h2><span id="Why_don.27t_you_have_any_moderators_who_are_professional_.28NAME_PROFESSION.29.3F"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="Why_don't_you_have_any_moderators_who_are_professional_(NAME_PROFESSION)?">Why don't you have any moderators who are professional (NAME PROFESSION)?</span></h2> <p>It may be that the right person hasn't volunteered yet. More importantly though, it's important to realize that we can't have a professional novelist, and a musician, and a lawyer, and a DJ, and a painter, and a collage artist, and a dancer, etc. There aren't that many spaces for moderators. Of course, we welcome feedback from every individual or group and are especially careful to take into account viewpoints that we think are unrepresented or new. </p><p>With that said, everyone involved in this project, and especially the moderators, produces, consumes, and distributes content or expression every day. While some of the freedoms listed here are freedoms designed primarily for the producers, we are also talking about the consumers of content and working hard to blur the lines between the two groups. We are all stakeholders in the process and we all -- creators, consumers, and most of us that are both -- have a voice that should be heard. The moderators have been picked not because they are particular representative of the world of creators as a group but because they respected, principled, in touch with much larger groups of creators, and willing to take into account others' opinions. </p> <h2><span id="But_how_will_people_make_money_under_this_definition.3F"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="But_how_will_people_make_money_under_this_definition?">But how will people make money under this definition?</span></h2> <p>There are many ways that people make money distributing free content and expression. They tend to differ based on the type of work and many other factors. Of course, the point of this definition is not to list these (although someone could create a page in this wiki to do exactly that). The point is to describe essential freedom. Once we have challenged ourselves to produce and consume content and expression more ethically, it becomes our <i>responsibility</i> to find ways to do so that are economically sustainable. Unless we challenge ourselves, there is a much lower incentive to ever go out on a limb and try. </p><p>We also want to point out that the exact same question can be asked about the current copyright system. Most authors do not make a substantial amount of money from their works (many do not even make money at all). Some authors do manage to make money, but at the price of totally giving up control of their works to large publishers (especially in the USA, where total transfer of all rights by contract is possible and moral rights do not exist practically). Many artists of high value remained poor during much of their life, because their talent was recognized too late. Thus the question of <i>how authors can make money from their work</i> is not tied to the mere licensing model of the work (free vs. not free), but to the economic system surrounding authorship and to the social and cultural conditions of recognition. </p> <h2><span id="What_about_logos.3F_Why_do_all_open_source_.2F_free_content-supportive_organisations_currently_have_copyrighted_logos.3F"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="What_about_logos?_Why_do_all_open_source_/_free_content-supportive_organisations_currently_have_copyrighted_logos?">What about logos? Why do all open source / free content-supportive organisations currently have copyrighted logos?</span></h2> <p>Many organisations like Creative Commons, the Open Source Initiative, or Wikimedia like to protect their identity using trademarks and copyrights. It should be noted that relatively few people in these organisations are opposed to copyright <i>per se</i>; in fact, the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/copyleft" class="extiw" title="w:copyleft">copyleft</a> principle makes use of copyright to protect the freedom of works. The argument of these organisations is not one against copyright, but one for additional freedoms. </p><p>Nevertheless, a case can be made that logos and symbols should be freely shared, and that trademarks should be avoided -- taking the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.usemod.com/cgi-bin/mb.pl?RightToFork">"right to fork"</a> to an extreme. Under this model, the identity of the project is not protected by law, and anyone can try to assume the same identity by adopting it for a different project. The marketplace of ideas is the final arbiter of success. This is true for the free content logo we're trying to create, which will be in the public domain. </p> <h2><span id="What_about_other_kinds_of_commons.2C_like_grains.2C_electromagnetic_spectrum.2C_genetic_information.3F_They_need_a_.22freedom.22_definition.2C_too."></span><span class="mw-headline" id="What_about_other_kinds_of_commons,_like_grains,_electromagnetic_spectrum,_genetic_information?_They_need_a_"freedom"_definition,_too.">What about other kinds of commons, like grains, electromagnetic spectrum, genetic information? They need a "freedom" definition, too.</span></h2> <p>The Free Content Definition is about works of the human mind (and craft). This category is legally but also philosophically justified: creation of works - art works, free software works, free hardware design, machine design, whatever - is a well-defined philosophical concept. Various other kinds of commons (like material commons) do not belong to this category. </p><p>Since we are not proposing a Manifesto (which can be vague, broad, and very encompassing) but a Definition (which must be based on firm conceptual ground), trying to find a "one-size-fits-all" ethical message would destroy the meaning of the message and transform it into a meaningless slogan. But staying inside the boundaries of a clearly defined category of things helps us remain meaningful, and powerful. </p><p>We encourage other people to try and give a definition for "freedom of genetic information", "freedom of water resources", "freedom of electromagnetic spectrum", etc. But we cannot do it in the framework of this Definition, because the issues are very different and it would be sterile to try to explain them in the same terms as free contents. </p> <h2><span id="Who_wrote_this.3F_Who_administers_the_site.3F"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="Who_wrote_this?_Who_administers_the_site?">Who wrote this? Who administers the site?</span></h2> <p>→ <a href="/Moderators" title="Moderators">Moderators</a> </p> <h2><span id="Why_isn.27t_a_Non-Commercial_restriction_considered_free.3F"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="Why_isn't_a_Non-Commercial_restriction_considered_free?">Why isn't a Non-Commercial restriction considered free?</span></h2> <p>See <a href="/Licenses/NC" title="Licenses/NC">discussion on this wiki</a> </p><p>Also: </p> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://robmyers.org/2006/11/09/why-the-nc-permission-culture-simply-doesnt-work/">Why the NC permission culture simply doesn't work</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://robmyers.org/2008/02/24/noncommercial-sharealike-is-not-copyleft/">Non-commercial ShareAlike is not copyleft</a></li></ul> <h2><span id="Why_isn.27t_a_NoDerivatives_restriction_considered_free.3F"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="Why_isn't_a_NoDerivatives_restriction_considered_free?">Why isn't a NoDerivatives restriction considered free?</span></h2> <p>A NoDerivatives restriction in a license does not allow you the user to freely modify, remix, adapt, or build upon a work, thus restricting your fundamental freedom to that cultural expression. Truly free licenses will lack NoDerivatives clauses, which will allow you to crop photographs, remix audio, changes the names and settings in fictional text, or modify software for your specific needs as an end user. </p>    </div> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://freedomdefined.org/index.php?title=FAQ&oldid=27108">https://freedomdefined.org/index.php?title=FAQ&oldid=27108</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks catlinks-allhidden" data-mw="interface"></div> </div> </div> <div id="mw-navigation"> <h2>Navigation menu</h2> <div id="mw-head"> <nav id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal vector-user-menu-legacy" aria-labelledby="p-personal-label" role="navigation" > <h3 id="p-personal-label" class="vector-menu-heading " > <span class="vector-menu-heading-label">Personal tools</span> </h3> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anonuserpage" class="mw-list-item"><span title="The user page for the IP address you are editing as">Not logged in</span></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li><li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=FAQ" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=FAQ" title="You are encouraged to log in; however, it is not mandatory [o]" accesskey="o"><span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </nav> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav id="p-namespaces" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-namespaces vector-menu-tabs vector-menu-tabs-legacy" aria-labelledby="p-namespaces-label" role="navigation" > <h3 id="p-namespaces-label" class="vector-menu-heading " > <span class="vector-menu-heading-label">Namespaces</span> </h3> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected mw-list-item"><a href="/FAQ" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Page</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/Talk:FAQ" rel="discussion" title="Discussion about the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Discussion</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </nav> <nav id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet vector-menu-dropdown" aria-labelledby="p-variants-label" role="navigation" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-variants-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-variants" class="vector-menu-checkbox" aria-labelledby="p-variants-label" /> <label id="p-variants-label" class="vector-menu-heading " > <span class="vector-menu-heading-label">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation"> <nav id="p-views" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-views vector-menu-tabs vector-menu-tabs-legacy" aria-labelledby="p-views-label" role="navigation" > <h3 id="p-views-label" class="vector-menu-heading " > <span class="vector-menu-heading-label">Views</span> </h3> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected mw-list-item"><a href="/FAQ"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-viewsource" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/index.php?title=FAQ&action=edit" title="This page is protected.
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