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dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American radio communications company</div> <p>The <b>Federal Telegraph Company</b> was a <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> manufacturing and communications company that played a pivotal role in the 20th century in the development of <a href="/wiki/Radio" title="Radio">radio</a> communications. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Federal_Telegraph_Company&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The company was founded in <a href="/wiki/Palo_Alto,_California" title="Palo Alto, California">Palo Alto, California</a> in 1909 by <a href="/wiki/Cyril_Frank_Elwell" title="Cyril Frank Elwell">Cyril Frank Elwell</a>, and was first known as the Poulsen Wireless Company, after licensing <a href="/wiki/Valdemar_Poulsen" title="Valdemar Poulsen">Valdemar Poulsen</a>'s arc transmitter for use in the United States. The company initially developed high-powered transmitters used for long distance radiotelegraph communication.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1911–13, <a href="/wiki/Lee_De_Forest" class="mw-redirect" title="Lee De Forest">Lee De Forest</a> and two assistants worked at Federal Telegraph on the first <a href="/wiki/Vacuum_tube_amplifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Vacuum tube amplifier">vacuum tube amplifier</a> and <a href="/wiki/Oscillator" class="mw-redirect" title="Oscillator">oscillator</a>, which De Forest called the "Oscillaton" after his earlier <a href="/wiki/Audion" title="Audion">Audion</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Electronics_Research_Laboratory_plaque.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Electronics_Research_Laboratory_plaque.jpg/220px-Electronics_Research_Laboratory_plaque.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Electronics_Research_Laboratory_plaque.jpg/330px-Electronics_Research_Laboratory_plaque.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Electronics_Research_Laboratory_plaque.jpg/440px-Electronics_Research_Laboratory_plaque.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption>California Historical Landmark No. 836 at the corner of Channing and Emerson in <a href="/wiki/Palo_Alto,_California" title="Palo Alto, California">Palo Alto, California</a> at the original location of FTC laboratory</figcaption></figure> <p>During World War One, the U.S. Navy purchased Federal Telegraph, but after the end of the war a displeased U.S. Congress ordered the Navy to return the company to its original owners.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The company merged in August 1927 with the <a href="/wiki/John_William_Mackay" title="John William Mackay">Mackay Companies</a>. Originally a separate entity within the Mackay Companies, when <a href="/wiki/International_Telephone_and_Telegraph" class="mw-redirect" title="International Telephone and Telegraph">International Telephone and Telegraph</a> (ITT) purchased the Mackay Companies in 1928 Federal remained a component of the Mackay structure as a manufacturing entity. </p><p>In 1931, <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Lawrence" title="Ernest Lawrence">Dr. Ernest O. Lawrence</a>, inventor of the <a href="/wiki/Cyclotron" title="Cyclotron">cyclotron</a>, convinced Federal Telegraph to donate an 80-ton magnet they had developed for a canceled project in China to his first cyclotron project on the campus of the University of California Berkeley. Lawrence's invention of the cyclotron was the basis of his being awarded the Nobel Prize in 1939. </p><p>In 1940, <a href="/wiki/Sosthenes_Behn" title="Sosthenes Behn">Sosthenes Behn</a> moved Federal Telegraph under ITT directly so that its manufacturing capabilities could help ITT replace those in Europe that had been shut down because of the war and the Fall of France.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1954, FTR changed its name from <i>Federal Telegraph and Radio Corporation - an IT&T associate</i> to <i>Federal Telegraph and Radio Company - division of IT&T</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and its research division became the <i>Federal Telecommunications Laboratories</i>, both continuing as subsidiaries of ITT after World War II through at least the 1950s. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Federal_Telegraph_Company&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uiug.30112064674325&view=1up&seq=174">"The Federal Telegraph Co. of California and the Poulsen Arc Transmitter"</a>, <i>History of Communications-electronics in the United States</i> by Captain L. S. Howeth, 1963, pages 142-147.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=nyp.33433018990501&view=1up&seq=1671">"Federal Telegraph Co."</a>, <i>Moodys Manual of Railroads and Corporation Securities</i> (Volume 2, Part 2), 1922, pages 1507-1508.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Sobel" title="Robert Sobel">Robert Sobel</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/ITT:_The_Management_of_Opportunity" title="ITT: The Management of Opportunity">ITT: The Management of Opportunity</a></i> (Beard Books, 2000), pp. 102-104.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Compare copyright notices on <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mif.pg.gda.pl/homepages/frank/sheets/188/f/F5658.pdf">F-5658</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged April 2024">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup> (1953) and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mif.pg.gda.pl/homepages/frank/sheets/188/f/F5604.pdf">F-5604</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged April 2024">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup> (1954) "Federal Power Triode" datasheets</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Federal_Telegraph_Company&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Cyril Frank Elwell - Pioneer of American and European Wireless Communications, Talking Pictures and founder of C.F. Elwell Limited 1922-1925 by Ian L. Sanders. Published by Castle Ridge Press, 2013. (Details the founding of Federal Telegraph and Telephone Company in Palo Alto, California by Elwell.)</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:ITT_Corporation" title="Template:ITT Corporation"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:ITT_Corporation" title="Template talk:ITT Corporation"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:ITT_Corporation" title="Special:EditPage/Template:ITT Corporation"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="ITT_Corporation" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/ITT_Inc." title="ITT Inc.">ITT Corporation</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related companies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abbey_Life" title="Abbey Life">Abbey Life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Cable_and_Radio_Corporation" title="American Cable and Radio Corporation">American Cable and Radio Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bell_Telephone_Manufacturing_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Bell Telephone Manufacturing Company">Bell Telephone Manufacturing Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C._Lorenz_AG" title="C. Lorenz AG">C. Lorenz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ITT_Interconnect_Solutions" title="ITT Interconnect Solutions">Cannon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claro_Puerto_Rico" title="Claro Puerto Rico">Claro Puerto Rico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commercial_Cable_Company" title="Commercial Cable Company">Commercial Cable Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commercial_Pacific_Cable_Company" title="Commercial Pacific Cable Company">Commercial Pacific Cable Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creed_%26_Company" title="Creed & Company">Creed & Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EDO_Corporation" title="EDO Corporation">EDO Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exelis_Visual_Information_Solutions" class="mw-redirect" title="Exelis Visual Information Solutions">Exelis Visual Information Solutions</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Federal Telegraph Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flygt" class="mw-redirect" title="Flygt">Flygt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Focke-Wulf" title="Focke-Wulf">Focke-Wulf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goulds_Pumps" class="mw-redirect" title="Goulds Pumps">Goulds Pumps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ITT_Exelis" class="mw-redirect" title="ITT Exelis">ITT Exelis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ITT_Technical_Institute" title="ITT Technical Institute">ITT Technical Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kellogg_Switchboard_%26_Supply_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Kellogg Switchboard & Supply Company">Kellogg Switchboard & Supply Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kolster-Brandes" title="Kolster-Brandes">Kolster-Brandes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mix_%26_Genest" title="Mix & Genest">Mix & Genest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rayonier" title="Rayonier">Rayonier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheraton_Hotels_and_Resorts" title="Sheraton Hotels and Resorts">Sheraton Hotels and Resorts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standard_Telecommunication_Laboratories" title="Standard Telecommunication Laboratories">Standard Telecommunication Laboratories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standard_Telephones_and_Cables" title="Standard Telephones and Cables">Standard Telephones and Cables</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Hartford" title="The Hartford">The Hartford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WPXN-TV" title="WPXN-TV">WPXN-TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xylem_Inc." title="Xylem Inc.">Xylem Inc.</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Key people</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sosthenes_Behn" title="Sosthenes Behn">Sosthenes Behn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hern%C3%A1n_Behn" title="Hernán Behn">Hernán Behn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Henry_Harrison_(businessman)" title="William Henry Harrison (businessman)">William Henry Harrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Geneen" title="Harold Geneen">Harold Geneen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_William_Mackay" title="John William Mackay">John William Mackay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rand_Araskog" title="Rand Araskog">Rand Araskog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ellery_W._Stone" title="Ellery W. Stone">Ellery W. Stone</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Sovereign_State" title="The Sovereign State">The Sovereign State</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/ITT:_The_Management_of_Opportunity" title="ITT: The Management of Opportunity">ITT: The Management of Opportunity</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_ITT_Wars" title="The ITT Wars">The ITT Wars</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Products</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/GeoEye-1" title="GeoEye-1">GeoEye-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ITT_System_12" title="ITT System 12">ITT System 12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ITT_2020" title="ITT 2020">ITT 2020</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Federal_Telegraph_Company&oldid=1217234032">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Federal_Telegraph_Company&oldid=1217234032</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Radio_electronics" title="Category:Radio electronics">Radio electronics</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:History_of_radio_in_the_United_States" title="Category:History of radio in the United States">History of radio in the United States</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Telegraph_companies_of_the_United_States" title="Category:Telegraph companies of the United States">Telegraph companies of the United States</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:ITT_Inc." title="Category:ITT Inc.">ITT Inc.</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Telecommunications_companies_established_in_1909" title="Category:Telecommunications companies established in 1909">Telecommunications companies established in 1909</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_companies_established_in_1909" title="Category:American companies established in 1909">American companies established in 1909</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Telecommunications_companies_disestablished_in_1927" title="Category:Telecommunications companies disestablished in 1927">Telecommunications companies disestablished in 1927</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_companies_disestablished_in_1927" title="Category:American companies disestablished in 1927">American companies disestablished in 1927</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Radio_manufacturers" title="Category:Radio manufacturers">Radio manufacturers</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_dead_external_links" title="Category:All articles with dead external links">All articles with dead external links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_dead_external_links_from_April_2024" title="Category:Articles with dead external links from April 2024">Articles with dead external links from April 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_permanently_dead_external_links" title="Category:Articles with permanently dead external links">Articles with permanently dead external links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 4 April 2024, at 16:30<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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