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<span>Background</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Background-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Origins" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Origins"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Origins</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Origins-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fashion_statement" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fashion_statement"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Fashion statement</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fashion_statement-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-France" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#France"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>France</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-France-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Chicago" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chicago"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Chicago</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chicago-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-San_Francisco" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#San_Francisco"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>San Francisco</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-San_Francisco-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Later_designs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Later_designs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Later designs</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Later_designs-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Later designs subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Later_designs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Pubikini" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pubikini"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Pubikini</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pubikini-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet 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Available in 26 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-26" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">26 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D9%86%D9%88%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A" title="مونوكيني – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مونوكيني" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF" title="মনোকিনি – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="মনোকিনি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monokini" title="Monokini – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Monokini" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monokiny" title="Monokiny – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Monokiny" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monokini" title="Monokini – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Monokini" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monokini" title="Monokini – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Monokini" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monokino" title="Monokino – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Monokino" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%86%D9%88%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C" title="منوکینی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="منوکینی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monokini" title="Monokini – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Monokini" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%AA%A8%EB%85%B8%ED%82%A4%EB%8B%88" title="모노키니 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="모노키니" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monokini" title="Monokini – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Monokini" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monokini" title="Monokini – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Monokini" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monokini" title="Monokini – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Monokini" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%99" title="מונוקיני – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מונוקיני" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D9%86%D9%88%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%89" title="مونوكينى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="مونوكينى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monokini" title="Monokini – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Monokini" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80" title="मोनोकिनी – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="मोनोकिनी" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A2%E3%83%8E%E3%82%AD%E3%83%8B" title="モノキニ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="モノキニ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monoqu%C3%ADni" title="Monoquíni – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Monoquíni" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8_(%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA)" title="Монокини (купальник) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Монокини (купальник)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Монокини – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Монокини" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monokini" title="Monokini – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Monokini" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monokini" title="Monokini – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Monokini" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monokini" title="Monokini – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Monokini" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%96" title="Монокіні – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Монокіні" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monokini" title="Monokini – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Monokini" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1462535#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs 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class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Topless swimsuit designed by Rudi Gernreich</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Topless swimsuit" redirects here. For a general discussion of topless swimming, see <a href="/wiki/Toplessness#Topless_swimwear" title="Toplessness">Toplessness § Topless swimwear</a>. For the album by Stereo Total, see <a href="/wiki/Monokini_(album)" title="Monokini (album)"><i>Monokini</i> (album)</a>. For the sling swimsuit worn by men, see <a href="/wiki/Mankini" class="mw-redirect" title="Mankini">Mankini</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title">Monokini</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Peggy_Moffitt_in_Rudi_Gernreich_monokini_swimsuit_1964.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/15/Peggy_Moffitt_in_Rudi_Gernreich_monokini_swimsuit_1964.jpg/220px-Peggy_Moffitt_in_Rudi_Gernreich_monokini_swimsuit_1964.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="275" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/1/15/Peggy_Moffitt_in_Rudi_Gernreich_monokini_swimsuit_1964.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="280" data-file-height="350" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption"><a href="/wiki/Peggy_Moffitt" title="Peggy Moffitt">Peggy Moffitt</a>, a model wearing a monokini, as published in <i><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_Wear_Daily" title="Women's Wear Daily">Women's Wear Daily</a></i>, 3 June 1964<sup id="cite_ref-gernrich20_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gernrich20-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Designer</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Rudi_Gernreich" title="Rudi Gernreich">Rudi Gernreich</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Year</th><td class="infobox-data">1964</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Bathing_suit" class="mw-redirect" title="Bathing suit">Bathing suit</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Material</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Wool" title="Wool">wool</a> <a href="/wiki/Jersey_(fabric)" title="Jersey (fabric)">jersey</a><sup id="cite_ref-Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /><table class="infobox" style="width: 170; clear: right; float:right;margin:0 0 1.5em 1.5em"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:115%">for <i><a href="/wiki/Life_(magazine)#1936_weekly_news_magazine" title="Life (magazine)">Life</a></i> magazine, 10 July 1964</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-style: italic"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daphn%C3%A9_Dayle&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daphné Dayle (page does not exist)">Daphné Dayle</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daphn%C3%A9_Dayle" class="extiw" title="fr:Daphné Dayle">fr</a>]</span>, 1964, by <a href="/wiki/Paul_Schutzer" title="Paul Schutzer">Paul Schutzer</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="image icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/16px-Searchtool.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/24px-Searchtool.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/32px-Searchtool.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://images.google.com/hosted/life/31e14e887b1747e9.html">monokini, tied behind neck, 46 images</a><sup id="cite_ref-nytimes-1998-Schutzer_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nytimes-1998-Schutzer-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="image icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/16px-Searchtool.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/24px-Searchtool.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/32px-Searchtool.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://images.google.com/hosted/life/3929e941c9754356.html">monokini, underwater photographs, 23 images</a><sup id="cite_ref-nytimes-1998-Schutzer_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nytimes-1998-Schutzer-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="image icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/16px-Searchtool.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/24px-Searchtool.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/32px-Searchtool.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://images.google.com/hosted/life/3d185d69bcd2d6cd.html">topless bathing suit with matching large scarf, 32 images</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>monokini</b> (also known as a "<b>topless <a href="/wiki/Bikini" title="Bikini">bikini</a></b>" or "<b>unikini</b>")<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was designed by <a href="/wiki/Rudi_Gernreich" title="Rudi Gernreich">Rudi Gernreich</a> in 1964, consisting of only a brief, close-fitting bottom and two thin straps;<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> it was the first women's <a href="/wiki/Toplessness#Topless_swimwear" title="Toplessness">topless swimsuit</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-alac_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-alac-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His revolutionary and controversial design included a bottom that "extended from the midriff to the upper thigh"<sup id="cite_ref-everything_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-everything-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and was "held up by shoestring laces that make a halter around the neck."<sup id="cite_ref-nangle_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nangle-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some credit Gernreich's design with initiating,<sup id="cite_ref-alac_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-alac-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or describe it as a symbol of, the <a href="/wiki/Sexual_revolution" title="Sexual revolution">sexual revolution</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-elle_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-elle-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Gernreich designed the monokini as a protest against a repressive society. He did not initially intend to produce the monokini commercially,<sup id="cite_ref-bay_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bay-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but was persuaded by Susanne Kirtland of <i><a href="/wiki/Look_(American_magazine)" title="Look (American magazine)">Look</a></i> to make it available to the public. When the first photograph of a frontal view of <a href="/wiki/Peggy_Moffitt" title="Peggy Moffitt">Peggy Moffitt</a> wearing the design was published in <i><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_Wear_Daily" title="Women's Wear Daily">Women's Wear Daily</a></i> on June 3, 1964,<sup id="cite_ref-gernrich20_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gernrich20-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> it generated a great deal of controversy in the United States and other countries. Gernreich sold about 3,000 suits, but only two were worn in public. <a href="#June_19,_1964">The first was worn publicly</a> on June 19, 1964, by <a href="/wiki/Carol_Doda" title="Carol Doda">Carol Doda</a> in <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco" title="San Francisco">San Francisco</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Condor_Club" title="Condor Club">Condor Nightclub</a>, ushering in the era of <a href="/wiki/Topless_bar" class="mw-redirect" title="Topless bar">topless nightclubs</a> in the United States, and <a href="#North_Avenue_beach">the second at North Avenue beach</a> in Chicago in July 1964 by artist's model Toni Lee Shelley, who was arrested. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monokini&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Gernreich may have chosen his use of the word <i>monokini</i> (<i>mono</i> meaning 'single') through <a href="/wiki/Back-formation" title="Back-formation">back-formation</a> by interpreting the <i>bi</i> of <i>bikini</i> as the Latin prefix <i><a href="/wiki/Bi-" class="mw-redirect" title="Bi-">bi-</a></i> ('two'), denoting a two-piece swimsuit.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> But in fact the bikini swimsuit design was named by its inventor <a href="/wiki/Louis_R%C3%A9ard" title="Louis Réard">Louis Réard</a> after the <a href="/wiki/Bikini_Atoll" title="Bikini Atoll">Bikini Atoll</a> in the Pacific, five days after <a href="/wiki/Operation_Crossroads" title="Operation Crossroads">Operation Crossroads</a>, the first peace-time test of nuclear weapons, took place there. Réard hoped his design would have a similarly explosive effect.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-bikinistyle_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bikinistyle-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monokini&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Rudi_Gernreich" title="Rudi Gernreich">Rudi Gernreich</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rudi_Gernreich_in_1951.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Rudi_Gernreich_in_1951.jpg/220px-Rudi_Gernreich_in_1951.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/74/Rudi_Gernreich_in_1951.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="225" data-file-height="300" /></a><figcaption>Monokini designer <a href="/wiki/Rudi_Gernreich" title="Rudi Gernreich">Rudi Gernreich</a> in 1951. Gernreich had predicted in a September 1962 issue of <i>Women's Wear Daily</i> that "Bosoms will be uncovered within five years."<sup id="cite_ref-gernrich20_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gernrich20-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Austrian_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Austrian American">Austrian-American</a> <a href="/wiki/Fashion_designer" class="mw-redirect" title="Fashion designer">fashion designer</a>, co-founder<sup id="cite_ref-Allyn_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Allyn-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 24">: 24 </span></sup> of the <a href="/wiki/Mattachine_Society" title="Mattachine Society">Mattachine Society</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Nudist" class="mw-redirect" title="Nudist">nudist</a><sup id="cite_ref-Allyn_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Allyn-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 24">: 24 </span></sup> <a href="/wiki/Rudi_Gernreich" title="Rudi Gernreich">Rudi Gernreich</a> had strong feelings about society's sexualization of the human body and disagreed with religious and social beliefs that the body was essentially shameful.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gernreich developed a reputation as an avant-garde designer who broke many of the rules, and his swimsuit designs were unconventional. In its December 1962 issue, <i><a href="/wiki/Sports_Illustrated" title="Sports Illustrated">Sports Illustrated</a></i> remarked, "He has turned the dancer's leotard into a swimsuit that frees the body. In the process, he has ripped out the boning and wiring that made American swimsuits seagoing corsets."<sup id="cite_ref-si1962_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-si1962-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> That month he first envisioned<sup id="cite_ref-si1962_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-si1962-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> creating a <a href="/wiki/Toplessness" title="Toplessness">topless</a> swimsuit which he called a monokini.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Origins">Origins</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monokini&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Origins"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>At the end of 1963, editor Susanne Kirtland of <i><a href="/wiki/Look_(American_magazine)" title="Look (American magazine)">Look</a></i> called Gernreich and asked him to submit a design for the suit to accompany a trend story along futuristic lines.<sup id="cite_ref-gernrich20_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gernrich20-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He resisted the idea at first, but said, "It was my prediction. For the sake of history, I didn't want <a href="/wiki/Emilio_Pucci" title="Emilio Pucci">Pucci</a> to do it first.<sup id="cite_ref-bay_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bay-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-alexander1964_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-alexander1964-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gernreich found the design more difficult than he expected. His initial designs looked like trunks or boxer shorts.<sup id="cite_ref-alexander1964_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-alexander1964-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He felt the swimsuit ought to just be bikini bottoms, but realized that this wouldn't constitute a unique design. He initially designed a Balinese sarong that began just under the breasts, but Kirtland didn't feel the design was bold enough and needed to make more of a statement. Gernreich finally chose a design that ended around mid-torso and then added two straps that rose between the breasts and were tied around the neck.<sup id="cite_ref-gernrich20_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gernrich20-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first two initial attempts to cut the design failed.<sup id="cite_ref-alexander1964_21-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-alexander1964-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When a photo shoot was arranged on <a href="/wiki/Montego_Bay" title="Montego Bay">Montego Bay</a> in the Bahamas,<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> all five models hired for the session refused to wear the design. The photographer finally persuaded an adventurous local to model it.<sup id="cite_ref-kalter_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kalter-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>To avoid letting others sensationalize the swimsuit and to retain some control of the design, Gernreich asked <a href="/wiki/William_Claxton_(photographer)" title="William Claxton (photographer)">William Claxton</a>, the husband of Gernreich's usually sole model <a href="/wiki/Peggy_Moffitt" title="Peggy Moffitt">Peggy Moffitt</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-nymagazine_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nymagazine-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to take pictures of his wife in the yellow wool swimsuit.<sup id="cite_ref-elle_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-elle-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Claxton, Moffitt, and Gernreich wanted to publish their own pictures for the fashion press and news media, and Gernreich gave pictures of Moffit modeling the monokini to a carefully selected handful of news organizations.<sup id="cite_ref-gernreich21_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gernreich21-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Moffitt was initially resistant to the idea of posing topless. She said, "I didn't want to do it when he asked me. I am a puritanical descendent of the <a href="/wiki/Mayflower" title="Mayflower">Mayflower</a>. I carried that goddamned <a href="/wiki/Plymouth_Rock" title="Plymouth Rock">Plymouth Rock</a> on my back. When I did give in, I did so with a lot of rules. I would not show myself on the <a href="/wiki/Runway_(fashion)" class="mw-redirect" title="Runway (fashion)">runway</a> that way. I'd do it only with Bill. Since Rudi would never ever have enough money to do this, I did it for free. But I had final say on everywhere it went photographically."<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Look</i> published a rear view, of an adventurous local<sup id="cite_ref-kalter_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kalter-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> from Montego Bay, modeling the swimsuit on June 2, 1964.<sup id="cite_ref-gernrich20_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gernrich20-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-luther_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-luther-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-shteir_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-shteir-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Claxton took his pictures of Moffit to <i>Life</i> but they said they could only print pictures of naked breasts "if the woman is an <a href="/wiki/Aboriginal_Australians" title="Aboriginal Australians">aborigine</a>." Claxton took additional pictures of Moffit especially for <i>Life</i> with her arms covering her breasts. The picture was one of several images of Moffit in a story about the historical evolution of the breast in fashion history from 1954 to 1964.<sup id="cite_ref-alexander1964_21-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-alexander1964-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Moffit said, "The photograph of me in that issue—hiding my breasts with my arms—is dirty. If you are wearing a fashion that does not have a top as part of its design and hold your arms over your bosom, you're going along with the whole prudish, teasey thing like a <a href="/wiki/Playboy_bunny" class="mw-redirect" title="Playboy bunny">Playboy bunny</a>."<sup id="cite_ref-gernreich21_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gernreich21-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The following day columnist Carol Bjorkman of <i><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_Wear_Daily" title="Women's Wear Daily">Women's Wear Daily</a></i> published Claxton's frontal view of Moffitt wearing the suit.<sup id="cite_ref-gernrich20_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gernrich20-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It became a celebrated image of the extremism of 1960s designs.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Moffit later said, "It was a political statement. It wasn't meant to be worn in public."<sup id="cite_ref-nymagazine_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nymagazine-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On June 12, 1964 the <i><a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Chronicle" title="San Francisco Chronicle">San Francisco Chronicle</a></i> featured a photo of a woman in a monokini with her exposed breasts clearly visible on its front page.<sup id="cite_ref-Allyn_17-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Allyn-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Claxton's frontal image of Moffit modeling the swimsuit was subsequently published by <i><a href="/wiki/Life_(magazine)" title="Life (magazine)">Life</a></i> and numerous other publications. <i>Life</i> writer Shana Alexander noted, "One funny thing about toplessness is that it really doesn't have much to do with breasts. Breasts of course are not absurd; topless swimsuits are. Lately people keep getting the two things mixed up." She mocked the swimsuit design as a "joke".<sup id="cite_ref-alexander1964_21-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-alexander1964-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The photo catapulted Moffitt into instant celebrity, reportedly resulting in her receiving everything from marriage proposals to death threats.<sup id="cite_ref-nymagazine_24-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nymagazine-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Moffitt and Claxton later wrote <i>The Rudi Gernreich Book</i>, described as an aesthetic biography of the fashion revolutionary.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1041539562">.mw-parser-output .citation{word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}</style><sup class="citation nobold" id="ref_Moffittnone"><a href="#endnote_Moffittnone">[A]</a></sup> </p><p>Gernreich originally thought that only "six or seven" monokinis would likely be sold, but decided to design it anyway.<sup id="cite_ref-rockwell_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rockwell-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, when the design got worldwide notice, orders for the non-existent suit poured in until over 1,000 orders were pending.<sup id="cite_ref-alexander1964_21-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-alexander1964-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite the reaction of fashion critics and church officials, Harmon Knitwear made over 3,000 monokinis.<sup id="cite_ref-everything_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-everything-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gernreich first sold the suit to the <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Magnin_Co." class="mw-redirect" title="Joseph Magnin Co.">Joseph Magnin department store</a> in San Francisco, where it was an instant hit. In New York City, leading stores like <a href="/wiki/B._Altman_%26_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="B. Altman & Company">B. Altman & Company</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lord_%26_Taylor" title="Lord & Taylor">Lord & Taylor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Henri_Bendel" title="Henri Bendel">Henri Bendel</a>, Splendiferous and Parisette placed orders. On June 16, 1964, Gernreich's topless swimsuit went on sale in New York City.<sup id="cite_ref-bay_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bay-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The suit was priced at $24 each.<sup id="cite_ref-everything_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-everything-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Moffit said in 1985 that she had been offered $17,000 in 1964 (equivalent to $172,000 in 2024)<sup id="cite_ref-inflation-US_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-inflation-US-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> by <a href="/wiki/Playboy_(magazine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Playboy (magazine)"><i>Playboy</i></a> to publish Claxton's photograph of her wearing the suit, but refused. "I turned it down as unthinkable. And I don't want to exploit women any more now than I did in 1964. The statement hasn't changed. The suit still is about freedom and not display."<sup id="cite_ref-levine_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-levine-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On August 13, 1985, Los Angeles Fashion Group produced a gala at the Wiltern Theatre to benefit the Rudi Gernreich Design Scholarship Fund. Moffit was a member of the committee. When the group considered showing the Monokini suit during the benefit, Moffitt strongly objected. She told the Los Angeles Times,<sup id="cite_ref-levine_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-levine-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The regional director of the Fashion Group, Sarah Worman, believed that the swimsuit was "the single most important idea he ever had—the one that changed the way women dressed all over the Western world." She said Moffitt's refusal to show it on a model did not make sense when the benefit was modeling everything else he ever did on live models.<sup id="cite_ref-levine_35-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-levine-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Fashion_statement">Fashion statement</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monokini&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Fashion statement"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Gernreich did not originally intend to produce the swimsuit commercially. It had more meaning to Gernreich as an idea than as a reality.<sup id="cite_ref-smith_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-smith-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gernreich had Moffitt model the suit in person for <a href="/wiki/Diana_Vreeland" title="Diana Vreeland">Diana Vreeland</a> of <i><a href="/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)" title="Vogue (magazine)">Vogue</a></i>, who asked him why he conceived of the design. Gernreich told her he felt it was time for "freedom-in fashion as well as every other facet of life," but that the swimsuit was just a statement. He said, “[Women] drop their bikini tops already,” he said, “so it seemed like the natural next step.”<sup id="cite_ref-bay_12-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bay-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She told him, "If there's a picture of it, it's an actuality. You must make it."<sup id="cite_ref-gernreich21_25-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gernreich21-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gernreich said in television interview, "It may well be a bit much now. But, just wait. In a couple of years topless bikinis will be a reality and regarded as perfectly natural."<sup id="cite_ref-Thesander_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thesander-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Gernreich purposefully used his designs to advance his socio-political views. He wanted to reduce the stigma of a <a href="/wiki/Nudity" title="Nudity">naked</a> body, to “cure our society of its sex hang up,” as he put it. Gernreich stated, "To me, the only respect you can give to a woman is to make her a human being. A totally emancipated woman who is totally free."<sup id="cite_ref-tay_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tay-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Gernreich said, "Baring the breasts seemed logical in a period of freer attitudes, freer minds, the emancipation of women."<sup id="cite_ref-shteir_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-shteir-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gernreich told <i><a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a></i> magazine in 1969, the monokini "is a natural development growing out of all the loosening up, the re-evaluation of values that's going on. There is now an honesty hangup, and part of this is not hiding the body—it stands for freedom."<sup id="cite_ref-rockwell_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rockwell-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In January 1965, he told <a href="/wiki/Gloria_Steinem" title="Gloria Steinem">Gloria Steinem</a> in an interview that despite the criticism he'd do it again.<sup id="cite_ref-rockwell_32-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rockwell-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Moffitt said the design was a logical evolution of Gernreich's <a href="/wiki/Avant-garde" title="Avant-garde">avant-garde</a> ideas in swimwear design as much as a scandalous symbol of the <a href="/wiki/Permissive_society" title="Permissive society">permissive society</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-menkes_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-menkes-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She said, "He was trying to take away the prurience, the whole perverse side of sex." She said his design was "prophetic." "It had to do with more than what to wear to the beach. It was about a changing culture throughout all society, about freedom and emancipation. It was also a reaction against something particularly American: the little boy snickering that women had breasts."<sup id="cite_ref-menkes_40-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-menkes-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Los Angeles Times staff writer Bettijane Levine wrote, "His topless was an artistic statement against women as sex objects, much as <a href="/wiki/Pablo_Picasso" title="Pablo Picasso">Pablo Picasso</a> painted <i><a href="/wiki/Guernica_(painting)" class="mw-redirect" title="Guernica (painting)">Guernica</a></i> as a statement against war."<sup id="cite_ref-levine_35-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-levine-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Over the next few weeks, his design was covered in more than 20,000 press articles.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monokini&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Condor_Club_North_Beach1973.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Condor_Club_North_Beach1973.jpg/250px-Condor_Club_North_Beach1973.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Condor_Club_North_Beach1973.jpg/330px-Condor_Club_North_Beach1973.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Condor_Club_North_Beach1973.jpg/500px-Condor_Club_North_Beach1973.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3104" data-file-height="1927" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Carol_Doda" title="Carol Doda">Carol Doda</a> wore Gernreich's monokini for her act at the <a href="/wiki/Condor_Club" title="Condor Club">Condor Club</a>, starting the trend of <a href="/wiki/Topless_bar" class="mw-redirect" title="Topless bar">topless bars</a></figcaption></figure> <p>There was a strong public reaction to the original swimsuit design. The Soviet Union denounced the suit, saying it was "barbarism" and indicated "capitalistic decay".<sup id="cite_ref-Allyn_17-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Allyn-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Holy_See" title="Holy See">Vatican</a> denounced the swimsuit, and the <i><a href="/wiki/L%27Osservatore_Romano" title="L'Osservatore Romano">L'Osservatore Romano</a></i> said the "industrial-erotic adventure" of the topless bathing suit "negates moral sense." Many of Rudi's contemporaries in the fashion industry reacted negatively. In the US, some Republicans tried to blame the suit on the Democrats' stance on moral issues.<sup id="cite_ref-smith_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-smith-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gernreich introduced the monokini at a time when U.S. <a href="/wiki/Naturism" title="Naturism">nudists</a> were trying to establish a public persona. The <a href="/wiki/United_States_Postmaster_General" title="United States Postmaster General">United States Postmaster General</a> had banned nudist publications from the mail until 1958, when the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Supreme Court of the United States">Supreme Court of the United States</a> declared that the naked body in and of itself could not be deemed <a href="/wiki/Obscenity" title="Obscenity">obscene</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Allyn_17-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Allyn-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Use of the word <i>monokini</i> was first recorded in English that year.<sup id="cite_ref-everything_9-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-everything-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/1960s_in_fashion" title="1960s in fashion">1960s</a>, the monokini influenced the <a href="/wiki/Sexual_revolution" title="Sexual revolution">sexual revolution</a> by emphasizing a woman's personal freedom of dress, even when her attire was provocative and exposed more skin than had been the norm during the more conservative <a href="/wiki/1945%E2%80%931960_in_fashion" class="mw-redirect" title="1945–1960 in fashion">1950s</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Allyn_17-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Allyn-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Quickly renamed a "topless swimsuit",<sup id="cite_ref-Allyn_17-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Allyn-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the design was never successful in the United States, although the issue of allowing both genders equal exposure above the waist <a href="/wiki/Topfreedom" title="Topfreedom">has been raised</a> as a feminist issue from time to time.<sup id="cite_ref-menkes_40-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-menkes-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As the suit gained notoriety, the <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Police_Department" title="New York City Police Department">New York City Police Department</a> was strictly instructed by the <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Department_of_Parks_and_Recreation" title="New York City Department of Parks and Recreation">commissioner of parks</a> to arrest any woman wearing a monokini.<sup id="cite_ref-Allyn_17-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Allyn-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Dallas, Texas, when a local store featured the suit in a window display, members of the Carroll Avenue Baptist Mission picketed until they removed the display.<sup id="cite_ref-bay_12-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bay-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Copious coverage of the event helped to send the image of exposed breasts across the world. Women's clubs and the Catholic church actively condemned the design. In Italy and Spain, the Catholic Church warned against the topless fashion.<sup id="cite_ref-Thesander_37-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thesander-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="France">France</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monokini&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: France"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In France in 1964, <a href="/wiki/Roger_Frey" title="Roger Frey">Roger Frey</a> led the prosecution of the use of the monokini, describing it as: "a public offense against the sense of decency, punishable according to article 330 of the penal code. Consequently, the police chiefs must employ the services of the police so that the women who wear this bathing suit in public places are prosecuted."<sup id="cite_ref-SI9Moral_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SI9Moral-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-LeMonde_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LeMonde-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At <a href="/wiki/Saint-Tropez" title="Saint-Tropez">St. Tropez</a> on the <a href="/wiki/French_Riviera" title="French Riviera">French Riviera</a>, where <a href="/wiki/Toplessness" title="Toplessness">toplessness</a> later became the norm, the mayor ordered police to ban toplessness and to watch over the beach via helicopter.<sup id="cite_ref-Allyn_17-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Allyn-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Jean-Luc_Godard" title="Jean-Luc Godard">Jean-Luc Godard</a>, a founding mover of <a href="/wiki/French_New_Wave" title="French New Wave">French New Wave</a> cinema, incorporated monokini footage shot by <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Rozier" title="Jacques Rozier">Jacques Rozier</a> in Riviera into his film <i><a href="/wiki/A_Married_Woman" title="A Married Woman">A Married Woman</a></i>, but it was edited out by the censors.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A few defended Gernreich's design. Fashion designers <a href="/wiki/Geraldine_Stutz" title="Geraldine Stutz">Geraldine Stutz</a>, president of <a href="/wiki/Henri_Bendel" title="Henri Bendel">Henri Bendel</a>, said, "I only wish I were young enough to be one of the pioneers myself." Carol Bjorkman, a columnist at <i>Women's Wear-Daily's</i> wrote, "What's the matter with the front? After all, it is here to stay, and it is awfully nice being a girl."<sup id="cite_ref-smith_36-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-smith-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Chicago">Chicago <span class="anchor" id="North_Avenue_beach"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monokini&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Chicago"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>When Toni Lee Shelley, a 19-year-old artists model, wore the topless bathing suit to the North Avenue beach in Chicago in 1964, 12 police officers responded, 11 to control and disperse the public and photographers, and one to arrest her.<sup id="cite_ref-alexander_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-alexander-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-starnews_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-starnews-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She was charged with <a href="/wiki/Disorderly_conduct" title="Disorderly conduct">disorderly conduct</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indecent_exposure" title="Indecent exposure">indecent exposure</a>, and appearing on a public beach without suitable attire. At her arraignment she asked for an all-male jury.<sup id="cite_ref-gernreich21_25-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gernreich21-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She told the press that the swimsuit was "certainly more comfortable."<sup id="cite_ref-starnews_46-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-starnews-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Shelley was fined US$100 for wearing the swimsuit on a public beach.<sup id="cite_ref-Allyn_17-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Allyn-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="San_Francisco">San Francisco <span class="anchor" id="June_19,_1964"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monokini&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: San Francisco"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 12 June 1964, the <i><a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Chronicle" title="San Francisco Chronicle">San Francisco Chronicle</a></i> published on its front page a photo of a woman with clearly visible, exposed breasts wearing a monokini.<sup id="cite_ref-Allyn_17-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Allyn-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 25">: 25 </span></sup> </p><p>On 19 June 1964, Davey Rosenberg saw an <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Magnin" title="Joseph Magnin">Joseph Magnin</a> ad for the Monokini in a newspaper.<sup id="cite_ref-hoodline-Peterson-Rosenberg_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hoodline-Peterson-Rosenberg-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Davey Rosenberg,<sup id="cite_ref-sfgate-Doda-dies_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sfgate-Doda-dies-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the publicist of the <a href="/wiki/Condor_Club" title="Condor Club">Condor Club</a> in <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco" title="San Francisco">San Francisco</a>'s <a href="/wiki/North_Beach,_San_Francisco" title="North Beach, San Francisco">North Beach</a> district, bought Gernreich's monokini from <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Magnin" title="Joseph Magnin">Joseph Magnin</a>, and gave it to former prune picker, file clerk, and waitress <a href="/wiki/Carol_Doda" title="Carol Doda">Carol Doda</a> to wear for her act. That night, June 19,<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Doda became the first modern <a href="/wiki/Topless_dancer" class="mw-redirect" title="Topless dancer">topless dancer</a> in the United States,<sup id="cite_ref-Allyn_17-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Allyn-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 25">: 25 </span></sup> renewing the <a href="/wiki/Burlesque" title="Burlesque">burlesque</a> era of the early 1900s in the U.S. <a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_San_Francisco" title="Mayor of San Francisco">San Francisco Mayor</a> <a href="/wiki/John_F._Shelley" title="John F. Shelley">John Shelley</a> said, "topless is at the bottom of porn."<sup id="cite_ref-shteir_29-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-shteir-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Within a few days, women were baring their breasts in many of the clubs lining San Francisco's Broadway St., ushering in the era of the <a href="/wiki/Topless_bar" class="mw-redirect" title="Topless bar">topless bar</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-shteir_29-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-shteir-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Doda’s debut as a topless dancer was featured in <i><a href="/wiki/Playboy" title="Playboy">Playboy</a></i> magazine in April 1965.<sup id="cite_ref-Allyn_17-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Allyn-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 25">: 25 </span></sup> </p><p>San Francisco public officials tolerated the topless bars until April 22, 1965, when Doda was arrested along with Pete Mattioli and Gino del Prete, owners of the Condor Club. Hundreds of protesters gathered outside the police department, calling for release of both Doda and free speech activist <a href="/wiki/Mario_Savio" title="Mario Savio">Mario Savio</a>, held in the same station.<sup id="cite_ref-shteir_29-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-shteir-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Doda, Mattioli and Gino del Prete were cleared when two judges instructed not-guilty verdicts. Judge Friedman's memorandum to opposing attorneys reads, "Whether acts ... are lewd and dissolute depends not on any individual's interpretation or personal opinion, but on the consensus of the entire community...".<sup id="cite_ref-:Doda0_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:Doda0-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Doda rapidly became a symbol of sexual freedom, while topless restaurants, along with shoeshine parlors, ice-cream stands and girl bands proliferated in San Francisco and elsewhere. Journalist <a href="/wiki/Earl_Wilson_(columnist)" title="Earl Wilson (columnist)">Earl Wilson</a> wrote in his syndicated column, "Are we ready for girls in topless gowns? Heck, we may not even notice them." English designers created topless evening gowns inspired by the idea.<sup id="cite_ref-Allyn_17-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Allyn-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <i><a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Examiner" title="San Francisco Examiner">San Francisco Examiner</a></i> published a real estate advertisement that promised "bare top swimsuits are possible here".<sup id="cite_ref-shteir_29-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-shteir-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Later_designs"><span class="anchor" id="Unikini"></span> Later designs</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monokini&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Later designs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:287px;max-width:287px"><div class="trow"><div class="theader" style="text-align:center">Modern monokinis</div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:141px;max-width:141px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:A_woman_with_a_suntan_wearing_a_bikini_(2).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/A_woman_with_a_suntan_wearing_a_bikini_%282%29.jpg/139px-A_woman_with_a_suntan_wearing_a_bikini_%282%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="139" height="208" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/A_woman_with_a_suntan_wearing_a_bikini_%282%29.jpg/209px-A_woman_with_a_suntan_wearing_a_bikini_%282%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/A_woman_with_a_suntan_wearing_a_bikini_%282%29.jpg/278px-A_woman_with_a_suntan_wearing_a_bikini_%282%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1374" data-file-height="2060" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:142px;max-width:142px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Singapore_Tattoo_Show_2009.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Singapore_Tattoo_Show_2009.jpg/250px-Singapore_Tattoo_Show_2009.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="210" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Singapore_Tattoo_Show_2009.jpg/330px-Singapore_Tattoo_Show_2009.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="3888" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption">Modern Monokini designs range from bikini bottoms only (left) to single-piece swimwear with cutouts (right)</div></div></div></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jiriruzek_net_2010_Vinohrady.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Jiriruzek_net_2010_Vinohrady.jpg/220px-Jiriruzek_net_2010_Vinohrady.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="331" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Jiriruzek_net_2010_Vinohrady.jpg/330px-Jiriruzek_net_2010_Vinohrady.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Jiriruzek_net_2010_Vinohrady.jpg/440px-Jiriruzek_net_2010_Vinohrady.jpg 2x" data-file-width="798" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>Woman wearing a monokini, 2010</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Minimale_Animale_Runway_Show-5.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/2e/Minimale_Animale_Runway_Show-5.jpg/220px-Minimale_Animale_Runway_Show-5.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/2e/Minimale_Animale_Runway_Show-5.jpg/330px-Minimale_Animale_Runway_Show-5.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/2e/Minimale_Animale_Runway_Show-5.jpg/440px-Minimale_Animale_Runway_Show-5.jpg 2x" data-file-width="683" data-file-height="1024" /></a><figcaption>The statement of the monokini made by Minimale Animale on the runways of <a href="/wiki/Mercedes-Benz_Fashion" title="Mercedes-Benz Fashion">Mercedes Benz Fashion Week</a> in 2014</figcaption></figure> <p>Going topless reached its highest popularity during the 1970s. In the early 1980s monokini designs that were simply a bikini-bottom (also known as the <b>unikini</b>) became popular.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of 2015<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Monokini&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, some swimsuit designers continue to produce a variety of monokini or topless swimsuits that women can wear in private settings or in places where topless swimsuits are allowed.<sup id="cite_ref-everything_9-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-everything-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Unlike Gernreich's original design exposing the women's breasts, current designs are <a href="/wiki/One-piece_swimsuit" title="One-piece swimsuit">one-piece swimsuits</a> that cover the women's breasts but typically include large cut-outs<sup id="cite_ref-LoveToKnow_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LoveToKnow-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> on the sides, back, or front. The cutouts are connected with varying fabrics, including mesh, chain, and other materials to link the top and bottom sections together. From the back the monokini looks like a two-piece swimsuit. The design may not be functional but aesthetic.<sup id="cite_ref-Swim_Trends_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Swim_Trends-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some suits are designed with a <a href="/wiki/G-string" title="G-string">g-string</a> style back and others offer full coverage. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pubikini"><span class="anchor" id="Pubikini"></span> Pubikini</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monokini&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Pubikini"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1985, four weeks before his death, Gernreich unveiled the lesser-known <b>pubikini</b>, a topless bathing suit that exposed the wearer's <i><a href="/wiki/Mons_pubis" title="Mons pubis">mons pubis</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was a thin, V-shaped, thong-style bottom<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> that in the front featured a tiny strip of fabric that exposed the wearer's <a href="/wiki/Pubic_hair" title="Pubic hair">pubic hair</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Metrwax_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Metrwax-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The pubikini was described as a <i><a href="/wiki/Pi%C3%A8ce_de_r%C3%A9sistance" title="Pièce de résistance">pièce de résistance</a></i> totally freeing the human body.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monokini&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/BathingSuit1920s.jpg/32px-BathingSuit1920s.jpg" decoding="async" width="32" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/BathingSuit1920s.jpg/48px-BathingSuit1920s.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/BathingSuit1920s.jpg/64px-BathingSuit1920s.jpg 2x" data-file-width="768" data-file-height="490" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Fashion" title="Portal:Fashion">fashion portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Human.svg/40px-Human.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Human.svg/60px-Human.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1060" data-file-height="1320" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Nudity" title="Portal:Nudity">nudity portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bikini_variants" title="Bikini variants">Bikini variants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maillot" title="Maillot">Maillot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monokini_2.0" title="Monokini 2.0">Monokini 2.0</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nude_beach" title="Nude beach">Nude beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nude_swimming" title="Nude swimming">Nude swimming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One-piece_swimsuit" title="One-piece swimsuit">One-piece swimsuit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Topfreedom" title="Topfreedom">Topfreedom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toplessness" title="Toplessness">Toplessness</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monokini&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-gernrich20-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-gernrich20_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gernrich20_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gernrich20_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gernrich20_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gernrich20_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gernrich20_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gernrich20_1-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140310234502/http://www.naderlibrary.com/gernreich.20.htm">"The Rudi Gernreich Book"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.naderlibrary.com/gernreich.20.htm">the original</a> on March 10, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 January</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Rudi+Gernreich+Book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.naderlibrary.com%2Fgernreich.20.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonokini" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/81814">"Bathing suit, 1964, Rudi Gernreich, American, born Austria"</a>. <i>Metropolitan Museum of Art</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 September</span> 2021</span>. <q>Gernreich's paradox is that the bottom of the topless suit is very conservative, with ample coverage and made in the same wool material that had been used for Victorian bathing apparel.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Metropolitan+Museum+of+Art&rft.atitle=Bathing+suit%2C+1964%2C+Rudi+Gernreich%2C+American%2C+born+Austria&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.metmuseum.org%2Fart%2Fcollection%2Fsearch%2F81814&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonokini" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nytimes-1998-Schutzer-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nytimes-1998-Schutzer_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nytimes-1998-Schutzer_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLoke1998" class="citation news cs1">Loke, Margarett (4 September 1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1998/09/04/arts/photography-review-fashion-art-gown-was-gorgeous-but-picture-was-divine.html">"Photography Review; Fashion and Art: The Gown Was Gorgeous, but the Picture Was Divine"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 September</span> 2021</span>. <q>Any history of fashion photography has to recognize the work of Paul Schutzer and his 1964 photographs in Life magazine of the infamous topless bathing suit by Rudi Gernreich. ... For the Gernreich swimsuit assignment he took an underwater photograph of a female model in the topless black swimsuit surrounded by males in black trunks, the models' heads obscured by the surface lines of the water.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Photography+Review%3B+Fashion+and+Art%3A+The+Gown+Was+Gorgeous%2C+but+the+Picture+Was+Divine&rft.date=1998-09-04&rft.aulast=Loke&rft.aufirst=Margarett&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1998%2F09%2F04%2Farts%2Fphotography-review-fashion-art-gown-was-gorgeous-but-picture-was-divine.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonokini" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/monokini">"Monokini"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150818034055/http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/monokini">Archived</a> from the original on 18 August 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 August</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Monokini&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdictionary.reference.com%2Fbrowse%2Fmonokini&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonokini" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bikini-science.com/costumes/soutien-gorge_SS/topless_S/topless.html">"Bikini Science"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180127202536/http://www.bikini-science.com/costumes/soutien-gorge_SS/topless_S/topless.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2018-01-27<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-01-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bikini+Science&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bikini-science.com%2Fcostumes%2Fsoutien-gorge_SS%2Ftopless_S%2Ftopless.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonokini" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thefreedictionary.com/Topless+swimsuit">"Monokini"</a>. <i>Free Dictionary</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 August</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Free+Dictionary&rft.atitle=Monokini&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thefreedictionary.com%2FTopless%2Bswimsuit&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonokini" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRosebush" class="citation web cs1">Rosebush, Judson. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180127202433/http://bikini-science.com/chronology/1960-1965_SS/PM6410_S/PM6410.html">"Peggy Moffitt Topless Maillot in Studio"</a>. <i>Bikini Science</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bikini-science.com/chronology/1960-1965_SS/PM6410_S/PM6410.html">the original</a> on 27 January 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 January</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bikini+Science&rft.atitle=Peggy+Moffitt+Topless+Maillot+in+Studio&rft.aulast=Rosebush&rft.aufirst=Judson&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbikini-science.com%2Fchronology%2F1960-1965_SS%2FPM6410_S%2FPM6410.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonokini" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-alac-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-alac_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-alac_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAlac2012" class="citation book cs1">Alac, Patrik (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=SIj_GBl5sAoC&pg=PA68"><i>Bikini Story</i></a>. Parkstone International. p. 68. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1780429519" title="Special:BookSources/978-1780429519"><bdi>978-1780429519</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180129055818/https://books.google.com/books?id=SIj_GBl5sAoC&pg=PA68&lpg=PA68">Archived</a> from the original on 2018-01-29.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bikini+Story&rft.pages=68&rft.pub=Parkstone+International&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1780429519&rft.aulast=Alac&rft.aufirst=Patrik&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DSIj_GBl5sAoC%26pg%3DPA68&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonokini" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-everything-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-everything_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-everything_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-everything_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-everything_9-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-everything_9-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120729151157/http://www.everythingbikini.com/monokini.html">"Bikini Styles: Monokini"</a>. Everything Bikini. 2005. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.everythingbikini.com/monokini.html">the original</a> on 29 July 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 January</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bikini+Styles%3A+Monokini&rft.pub=Everything+Bikini&rft.date=2005&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.everythingbikini.com%2Fmonokini.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonokini" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nangle-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-nangle_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFNangle1964" class="citation news cs1">Nangle, Eleanore (June 10, 1964). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archives.chicagotribune.com/1964/06/10/page/65/article/topless-swimsuit-causes-commotion">"Topless Swimsuit Causes Commotion"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Chicago_Tribune" title="Chicago Tribune">Chicago Tribune</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150914161150/http://archives.chicagotribune.com/1964/06/10/page/65/article/topless-swimsuit-causes-commotion/">Archived</a> from the original on 14 September 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 August</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chicago+Tribune&rft.atitle=Topless+Swimsuit+Causes+Commotion&rft.date=1964-06-10&rft.aulast=Nangle&rft.aufirst=Eleanore&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchives.chicagotribune.com%2F1964%2F06%2F10%2Fpage%2F65%2Farticle%2Ftopless-swimsuit-causes-commotion&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonokini" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-elle-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-elle_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-elle_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.elle.com/culture/news/a2060/fit-celebrates-the-substance-of-style-2452/">"Fit Celebrates the Substance of Style"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Elle_(magazine)" title="Elle (magazine)">Elle</a></i>. July 5, 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150924010954/http://www.elle.com/culture/news/a2060/fit-celebrates-the-substance-of-style-2452/">Archived</a> from the original on 24 September 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 August</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Elle&rft.atitle=Fit+Celebrates+the+Substance+of+Style&rft.date=2009-07-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.elle.com%2Fculture%2Fnews%2Fa2060%2Ffit-celebrates-the-substance-of-style-2452%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonokini" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bay-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bay_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bay_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bay_12-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bay_12-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bay_12-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBay2010" class="citation web cs1">Bay, Cody (June 16, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130704181947/http://onthisdayinfashion.com/?p=1076">"The Story Behind the Lines"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://onthisdayinfashion.com/?p=1076">the original</a> on 4 July 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 January</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Story+Behind+the+Lines&rft.date=2010-06-16&rft.aulast=Bay&rft.aufirst=Cody&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fonthisdayinfashion.com%2F%3Fp%3D1076&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonokini" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGurmit_SinghIshtla_Singh2013" class="citation book cs1">Gurmit Singh; Ishtla Singh (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=taEnAAAAQBAJ&q=bikini+latin+prefix+back+formation&pg=PA13"><i>The History of English</i></a>. Routledge. pp. <span class="nowrap">13–</span>14. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781444119244" title="Special:BookSources/9781444119244"><bdi>9781444119244</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161222071632/https://books.google.com/books?id=taEnAAAAQBAJ&lpg=PA13&dq=bikini%20latin%20prefix%20back%20formation&pg=PA13#v=onepage&q=bikini%20latin%20prefix%20back%20formation&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on 2016-12-22.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+History+of+English&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E13-%3C%2Fspan%3E14&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=9781444119244&rft.au=Gurmit+Singh&rft.au=Ishtla+Singh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DtaEnAAAAQBAJ%26q%3Dbikini%2Blatin%2Bprefix%2Bback%2Bformation%26pg%3DPA13&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonokini" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBurridge2004" class="citation book cs1">Burridge, Kate (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=TPGpyOJTdvIC&q=bikni+unikini&pg=PA153"><i>Blooming English</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. p. 153. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0521548322" title="Special:BookSources/0521548322"><bdi>0521548322</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180129055818/https://books.google.com/books?id=TPGpyOJTdvIC&pg=PA153&dq=bikni+unikini&hl=en&sa=X&ei=jq_-UbzRPIzOrQfcs4FQ&ved=0CDEQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=bikni%20unikini&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on 2018-01-29.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Blooming+English&rft.pages=153&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=0521548322&rft.aulast=Burridge&rft.aufirst=Kate&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DTPGpyOJTdvIC%26q%3Dbikni%2Bunikini%26pg%3DPA153&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonokini" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://content.time.com/time/photogallery/0,29307,1908353_1905440,00.html">"The History of the Bikini"</a>. <i>Time</i>. July 3, 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130930070902/http://content.time.com/time/photogallery/0,29307,1908353_1905440,00.html">Archived</a> from the original on September 30, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 20,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=The+History+of+the+Bikini&rft.date=2009-07-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.time.com%2Ftime%2Fphotogallery%2F0%2C29307%2C1908353_1905440%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonokini" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bikinistyle-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-bikinistyle_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090309093138/http://swimsuit-style.com/bikini.html">"Swimsuit Trivia History of the Bikini"</a>. Swimsuit Style. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.swimsuit-style.com/bikini.html">the original</a> on 2009-03-09<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-07-10</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Swimsuit+Trivia+History+of+the+Bikini&rft.pub=Swimsuit+Style&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.swimsuit-style.com%2Fbikini.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonokini" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Allyn-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Allyn_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Allyn_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Allyn_17-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Allyn_17-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Allyn_17-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Allyn_17-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Allyn_17-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Allyn_17-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Allyn_17-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Allyn_17-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Allyn_17-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Allyn_17-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Allyn_17-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Allyn_17-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAllyn2001" class="citation book cs1">Allyn, David Smith (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=NE9lfn0FBHUC"><i>Make Love, Not War</i></a>. Taylor & Francis. pp. <span class="nowrap">23–</span>29. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-415-92942-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-415-92942-3"><bdi>0-415-92942-3</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140103011843/http://books.google.com/books?id=NE9lfn0FBHUC">Archived</a> from the original on 2014-01-03.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Make+Love%2C+Not+War&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E23-%3C%2Fspan%3E29&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=0-415-92942-3&rft.aulast=Allyn&rft.aufirst=David+Smith&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DNE9lfn0FBHUC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonokini" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRielly2003" class="citation book cs1">Rielly, Edward J. (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=h3hAR5c9QFcC&pg=PA85"><i>The 1960s</i></a>. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press. p. 85. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0313312618" title="Special:BookSources/978-0313312618"><bdi>978-0313312618</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140630031734/http://books.google.com/books?id=h3hAR5c9QFcC&pg=PA85&lpg=PA85">Archived</a> from the original on 2014-06-30.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+1960s&rft.place=Westport%2C+Conn.&rft.pages=85&rft.pub=Greenwood+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0313312618&rft.aulast=Rielly&rft.aufirst=Edward+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dh3hAR5c9QFcC%26pg%3DPA85&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonokini" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-si1962-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-si1962_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-si1962_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140107204351/http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/vault/article/magazine/MAG1135096/index.htm">"Way Out Out West: New Designs For The Sea..."</a> <i>Sports Illustrated</i>. December 24, 1962. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/vault/article/magazine/MAG1135096/index.htm">the original</a> on 7 January 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 January</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sports+Illustrated&rft.atitle=Way+Out+Out+West%3A+New+Designs+For+The+Sea...&rft.date=1962-12-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsportsillustrated.cnn.com%2Fvault%2Farticle%2Fmagazine%2FMAG1135096%2Findex.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonokini" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160213205151/http://gernreich.steirischerbst.at/pages/bio1.htm">"Gernreich Bio"</a>. Rudi Gernreich. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gernreich.steirischerbst.at/pages/bio1.htm">the original</a> on 2016-02-13<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-11-12</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Gernreich+Bio&rft.pub=Rudi+Gernreich&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgernreich.steirischerbst.at%2Fpages%2Fbio1.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonokini" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-alexander1964-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-alexander1964_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-alexander1964_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-alexander1964_21-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-alexander1964_21-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-alexander1964_21-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-alexander1964_21-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAlexander1964" class="citation magazine cs1">Alexander, Shana (July 10, 1964). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=mkEEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA56">"Fashion's Best Joke on Itself in Years"</a>. <i>Life</i>. Vol. 57, no. 2. pp. <span class="nowrap">56–</span>57. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0024-3019">0024-3019</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160529022551/https://books.google.com/books?id=mkEEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA56&lpg=PA56">Archived</a> from the original on May 29, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 20,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Life&rft.atitle=Fashion%27s+Best+Joke+on+Itself+in+Years&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E56-%3C%2Fspan%3E57&rft.date=1964-07-10&rft.issn=0024-3019&rft.aulast=Alexander&rft.aufirst=Shana&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DmkEEAAAAMBAJ%26pg%3DPA56&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonokini" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.messynessychic.com/2014/03/05/the-first-monokini-trying-to-make-the-topless-swimsuit-happen-in-1964/">"The First Monokini: Trying to make the Topless Swimsuit happen in 1964"</a>. <i>Messy Nessy Chic</i>. 5 March 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 September</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Messy+Nessy+Chic&rft.atitle=The+First+Monokini%3A+Trying+to+make+the+Topless+Swimsuit+happen+in+1964&rft.date=2014-03-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.messynessychic.com%2F2014%2F03%2F05%2Fthe-first-monokini-trying-to-make-the-topless-swimsuit-happen-in-1964%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonokini" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-kalter-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-kalter_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-kalter_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKalter1981" class="citation news cs1">Kalter, Suzy (May 25, 1981). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110110182500/http://www.people.com/people/archive/article/0,,20079359,00.html">"20 Remember Those Topless Suits? After a Cool-Out, Racy Rudi Gernreich Returns to the Fashion Swim"</a>. <i>People Magazine</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.people.com/people/archive/article/0,,20079359,00.html">the original</a> on 2011-01-10<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 January</span> 2013</span>. <q>The photographer on location in Montego Bay finally persuaded an adventurous local to wiggle into the designer's latest concoction: tight-fitting black knit bottoms held up with—gasp!—nothing more than a pair of skinny suspenders.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=People+Magazine&rft.atitle=20+Remember+Those+Topless+Suits%3F+After+a+Cool-Out%2C+Racy+Rudi+Gernreich+Returns+to+the+Fashion+Swim&rft.date=1981-05-25&rft.aulast=Kalter&rft.aufirst=Suzy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.people.com%2Fpeople%2Farchive%2Farticle%2F0%2C%2C20079359%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonokini" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nymagazine-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nymagazine_24-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nymagazine_24-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nymagazine_24-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWalls1991" class="citation journal cs1">Walls, Jeanette (January 14, 1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fOkCAAAAMBAJ">"High Fashion's Lowest Neckline"</a>. <i>New York Magazine</i>. <b>24</b> (2). New York Media, LLC: 21. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0028-7369">0028-7369</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+York+Magazine&rft.atitle=High+Fashion%27s+Lowest+Neckline&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=21&rft.date=1991-01-14&rft.issn=0028-7369&rft.aulast=Walls&rft.aufirst=Jeanette&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DfOkCAAAAMBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonokini" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gernreich21-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-gernreich21_25-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gernreich21_25-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gernreich21_25-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gernreich21_25-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140311025246/http://www.naderlibrary.com/gernreich.21.htm">"The Rudi Gernreich Book"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.naderlibrary.com/gernreich.21.htm">the original</a> on March 11, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 January</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Rudi+Gernreich+Book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.naderlibrary.com%2Fgernreich.21.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonokini" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFeitelberg2010" class="citation news cs1">Feitelberg, Rosemary (November 1, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wwd.com/eye/fashion/moment-20-bikinis-beckon-3344816?navSection=package&navId=3343359">"Moment 20: Bikinis Beckon"</a>. <i>Women's Wear Daily</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140219182751/http://www.wwd.com/eye/fashion/moment-20-bikinis-beckon-3344816?navSection=package&navId=3343359">Archived</a> from the original on 19 February 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 January</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Women%27s+Wear+Daily&rft.atitle=Moment+20%3A+Bikinis+Beckon&rft.date=2010-11-01&rft.aulast=Feitelberg&rft.aufirst=Rosemary&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wwd.com%2Feye%2Ffashion%2Fmoment-20-bikinis-beckon-3344816%3FnavSection%3Dpackage%26navId%3D3343359&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonokini" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAmorosi2001" class="citation web cs1">Amorosi, A.D. (September 13–20, 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151002045958/http://citypaper.net/articles/091301/cov.fall.qanda.shtml">"Q&A: Peggy Moffitt"</a>. <i>Philadelphia Citypaper</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://citypaper.net/articles/091301/cov.fall.qanda.shtml">the original</a> on 2 October 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 October</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Philadelphia+Citypaper&rft.atitle=Q%26A%3A+Peggy+Moffitt&rft.date=2001-09-13%2F2001-09-20&rft.aulast=Amorosi&rft.aufirst=A.D.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcitypaper.net%2Farticles%2F091301%2Fcov.fall.qanda.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonokini" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-luther-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-luther_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLuther1985" class="citation news cs1">Luther, Marylou (April 22, 1985). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1985-04-22-mn-21986-story.html">"Topless Creator Gernreich Dies: Fashion World Saw Him as Its Most Innovative"</a>. <i>Los Angeles Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151222131904/http://articles.latimes.com/1985-04-22/news/mn-21986_1_fashion-industry">Archived</a> from the original on 22 December 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 October</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Topless+Creator+Gernreich+Dies%3A+Fashion+World+Saw+Him+as+Its+Most+Innovative&rft.date=1985-04-22&rft.aulast=Luther&rft.aufirst=Marylou&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Farchives%2Fla-xpm-1985-04-22-mn-21986-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonokini" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-shteir-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-shteir_29-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-shteir_29-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-shteir_29-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-shteir_29-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-shteir_29-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-shteir_29-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFShteir1964" class="citation book cs1">Shteir, Rachel (1964). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vPwVfOUWAe0C"><i>Striptease: The Untold History of the Girlie Show</i></a>. East Pakistan Police Co-operative Society. pp. <span class="nowrap">318–</span>321. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-512750-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-512750-1"><bdi>0-19-512750-1</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170215043725/https://books.google.com/books?id=vPwVfOUWAe0C&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0">Archived</a> from the original on 2017-02-15.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Striptease%3A+The+Untold+History+of+the+Girlie+Show&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E318-%3C%2Fspan%3E321&rft.pub=East+Pakistan+Police+Co-operative+Society&rft.date=1964&rft.isbn=0-19-512750-1&rft.aulast=Shteir&rft.aufirst=Rachel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DvPwVfOUWAe0C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonokini" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jennifer Craik, <i>The Face of Fashion</i>, page 145, Routledge, 1993, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0203409426" title="Special:BookSources/0203409426">0203409426</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Rudi Gernreich Book</i> (1999), publisher <a href="/wiki/Taschen" title="Taschen">Taschen GmbH</a>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3822871974" title="Special:BookSources/3822871974">3822871974</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rockwell-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-rockwell_32-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rockwell_32-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rockwell_32-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRockwell2014" class="citation book cs1">Rockwell, John (June 3, 2014). <i>The New York Times the Times of the Sixties: The Culture, Politics, and Personalities That Shaped the Decade</i>. Black Dog and Leventhal.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+New+York+Times+the+Times+of+the+Sixties%3A+The+Culture%2C+Politics%2C+and+Personalities+That+Shaped+the+Decade&rft.pub=Black+Dog+and+Leventhal&rft.date=2014-06-03&rft.aulast=Rockwell&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonokini" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aeqai.com/main/2015/03/the-total-look-rudi-gernreich-peggy-moffitt-and-william-claxton-cincinnati-art-museum-through-may-24-2015/">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"The Total Look: Rudi Gernreich, Peggy Moffitt, and William Claxton," Cincinnati Art Museum, through May 24, 2015"</a>. March 24, 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304080908/http://aeqai.com/main/2015/03/the-total-look-rudi-gernreich-peggy-moffitt-and-william-claxton-cincinnati-art-museum-through-may-24-2015/">Archived</a> from the original on 4 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 October</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%22The+Total+Look%3A+Rudi+Gernreich%2C+Peggy+Moffitt%2C+and+William+Claxton%2C%22+Cincinnati+Art+Museum%2C+through+May+24%2C+2015&rft.date=2015-03-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Faeqai.com%2Fmain%2F2015%2F03%2Fthe-total-look-rudi-gernreich-peggy-moffitt-and-william-claxton-cincinnati-art-museum-through-may-24-2015%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonokini" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-inflation-US-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-inflation-US_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">1634–1699: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMcCusker1997" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_J._McCusker" title="John J. McCusker">McCusker, J. J.</a> (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.americanantiquarian.org/proceedings/44525121.pdf"><i>How Much Is That in Real Money? A Historical Price Index for Use as a Deflator of Money Values in the Economy of the United States: Addenda et Corrigenda</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/American_Antiquarian_Society" title="American Antiquarian Society">American Antiquarian Society</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=How+Much+Is+That+in+Real+Money%3F+A+Historical+Price+Index+for+Use+as+a+Deflator+of+Money+Values+in+the+Economy+of+the+United+States%3A+Addenda+et+Corrigenda&rft.pub=American+Antiquarian+Society&rft.date=1997&rft.aulast=McCusker&rft.aufirst=J.+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.americanantiquarian.org%2Fproceedings%2F44525121.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonokini" class="Z3988"></span> 1700–1799: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMcCusker1992" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_J._McCusker" title="John J. McCusker">McCusker, J. J.</a> (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.americanantiquarian.org/proceedings/44517778.pdf"><i>How Much Is That in Real Money? A Historical Price Index for Use as a Deflator of Money Values in the Economy of the United States</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/American_Antiquarian_Society" title="American Antiquarian Society">American Antiquarian Society</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=How+Much+Is+That+in+Real+Money%3F+A+Historical+Price+Index+for+Use+as+a+Deflator+of+Money+Values+in+the+Economy+of+the+United+States&rft.pub=American+Antiquarian+Society&rft.date=1992&rft.aulast=McCusker&rft.aufirst=J.+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.americanantiquarian.org%2Fproceedings%2F44517778.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonokini" class="Z3988"></span> 1800–present: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFederal_Reserve_Bank_of_Minneapolis" class="citation web cs1">Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.minneapolisfed.org/about-us/monetary-policy/inflation-calculator/consumer-price-index-1800-">"Consumer Price Index (estimate) 1800–"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 29,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Consumer+Price+Index+%28estimate%29+1800%E2%80%93&rft.au=Federal+Reserve+Bank+of+Minneapolis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.minneapolisfed.org%2Fabout-us%2Fmonetary-policy%2Finflation-calculator%2Fconsumer-price-index-1800-&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonokini" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-levine-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-levine_35-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-levine_35-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-levine_35-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-levine_35-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLevine1985" class="citation news cs1">Levine, Bettijane (August 2, 1985). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1985-08-02-vw-5780-story.html">"Commentary: Retrospective Keeps Alive the Gernreich Genius for Controversy"</a>. <i>Los Angeles Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160306234742/http://articles.latimes.com/1985-08-02/news/vw-5780_1_rudi-gernreich">Archived</a> from the original on 6 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 October</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Commentary%3A+Retrospective+Keeps+Alive+the+Gernreich+Genius+for+Controversy&rft.date=1985-08-02&rft.aulast=Levine&rft.aufirst=Bettijane&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Farchives%2Fla-xpm-1985-08-02-vw-5780-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonokini" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-smith-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-smith_36-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-smith_36-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-smith_36-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSmith1965" class="citation magazine cs1"><a href="/wiki/Liz_Smith_(journalist)" title="Liz Smith (journalist)">Smith, Liz</a> (January 18, 1965). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131105165617/http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/vault/article/magazine/MAG1076827/index.htm">"The Nudity Cult"</a>. <i>Sports Illustrated</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/vault/article/magazine/MAG1076827/index.htm">the original</a> on 5 November 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 January</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sports+Illustrated&rft.atitle=The+Nudity+Cult&rft.date=1965-01-18&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Liz&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsportsillustrated.cnn.com%2Fvault%2Farticle%2Fmagazine%2FMAG1076827%2Findex.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonokini" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Thesander-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Thesander_37-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Thesander_37-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFThesander1997" class="citation book cs1">Thesander, Marianne (1997). <i>The Feminine Ideal</i>. Reaktion Books. p. 187. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1861890044" title="Special:BookSources/1861890044"><bdi>1861890044</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Feminine+Ideal&rft.pages=187&rft.pub=Reaktion+Books&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=1861890044&rft.aulast=Thesander&rft.aufirst=Marianne&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonokini" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-tay-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-tay_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFTay2015" class="citation web cs1">Tay, Michelle (February 24, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.blouinartinfo.com/news/story/1102558/rudi-gernreich-the-unsung-hero-of-american-fashion-design#">"Rudi Gernreich – The Unsung Hero of American Fashion Design"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150823092307/http://www.blouinartinfo.com/news/story/1102558/rudi-gernreich-the-unsung-hero-of-american-fashion-design">Archived</a> from the original on 23 August 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 October</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Rudi+Gernreich+%E2%80%93+The+Unsung+Hero+of+American+Fashion+Design&rft.date=2015-02-24&rft.aulast=Tay&rft.aufirst=Michelle&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.blouinartinfo.com%2Fnews%2Fstory%2F1102558%2Frudi-gernreich-the-unsung-hero-of-american-fashion-design%23&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonokini" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDrohojowska-Philp2011" class="citation book cs1">Drohojowska-Philp, Hunter (July 2011). <i>Rebels in Paradise: The Los Angeles Art Scene and the 1960s</i>. Henry Holt and Co. p. 98. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781429958998" title="Special:BookSources/9781429958998"><bdi>9781429958998</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rebels+in+Paradise%3A+The+Los+Angeles+Art+Scene+and+the+1960s&rft.pages=98&rft.pub=Henry+Holt+and+Co.&rft.date=2011-07&rft.isbn=9781429958998&rft.aulast=Drohojowska-Philp&rft.aufirst=Hunter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonokini" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-menkes-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-menkes_40-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-menkes_40-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-menkes_40-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMenkes1993" class="citation news cs1">Menkes, Suzy (July 18, 1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1993/07/18/style/runways-remembrance-of-thongs-past.html?pagewanted=2&src=pm">"RUNWAYS; Remembrance of Thongs Past"</a>. <i>New York Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160306142520/http://www.nytimes.com/1993/07/18/style/runways-remembrance-of-thongs-past.html?pagewanted=2&src=pm">Archived</a> from the original on 6 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 January</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+York+Times&rft.atitle=RUNWAYS%3B+Remembrance+of+Thongs+Past&rft.date=1993-07-18&rft.aulast=Menkes&rft.aufirst=Suzy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1993%2F07%2F18%2Fstyle%2Frunways-remembrance-of-thongs-past.html%3Fpagewanted%3D2%26src%3Dpm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonokini" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJoseph" class="citation web cs1">Joseph, Alexander. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://vestoj.com/beyond-the-bared-breast-revisiting-the-significance-of-rudi-gernreich/">"Beyond the Bared Breast"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Vestoj" title="Vestoj">Vestoj</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161029044818/http://vestoj.com/beyond-the-bared-breast-revisiting-the-significance-of-rudi-gernreich/">Archived</a> from the original on 29 October 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 October</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Vestoj&rft.atitle=Beyond+the+Bared+Breast&rft.aulast=Joseph&rft.aufirst=Alexander&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fvestoj.com%2Fbeyond-the-bared-breast-revisiting-the-significance-of-rudi-gernreich%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonokini" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SI9Moral-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-SI9Moral_42-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Situationist_International" title="Situationist International">Situationist International</a>, <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cddc.vt.edu/sionline/si/sketch.html">Sketch of a Morality without Obligation or Sanction</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130709132013/http://www.cddc.vt.edu/SIOnline/si/sketch.html">Archived</a> 2013-07-09 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></i>, Issue No 9, August 1964</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LeMonde-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-LeMonde_43-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Le_Monde" title="Le Monde">Le Monde</a>, 25 July 1964</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">James Monaco, <i>The New Wave</i>, page 157, UNET 2 Corporation, 2003, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0970703953" title="Special:BookSources/0970703953">0970703953</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-alexander-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-alexander_45-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAlexander1964" class="citation magazine cs1">Alexander, Shana (July 10, 1964). "Me? In That!". <i>Life</i>. Vol. 57, no. 2. pp. <span class="nowrap">55–</span>61.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Life&rft.atitle=Me%3F+In+That%21&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E55-%3C%2Fspan%3E61&rft.date=1964-07-10&rft.aulast=Alexander&rft.aufirst=Shana&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonokini" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-starnews-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-starnews_46-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-starnews_46-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1454&dat=19640623&id=jERjAAAAIBAJ&pg=4769,3849426&hl=en">"Model arrested for wearing topless swimsuit"</a>. <i>Wilmington Morning Star</i>. June 23, 1964. p. 11<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 August</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Wilmington+Morning+Star&rft.atitle=Model+arrested+for+wearing+topless+swimsuit&rft.pages=11&rft.date=1964-06-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fnid%3D1454%26dat%3D19640623%26id%3DjERjAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D4769%2C3849426%26hl%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonokini" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archives.chicagotribune.com/1964/07/11/page/50/article/date-in-court">"Date in Court"</a>. <i>Chicago Tribune</i>. July 11, 1964. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151004012132/http://archives.chicagotribune.com/1964/07/11/page/50/article/date-in-court/">Archived</a> from the original on 4 October 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 August</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chicago+Tribune&rft.atitle=Date+in+Court&rft.date=1964-07-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchives.chicagotribune.com%2F1964%2F07%2F11%2Fpage%2F50%2Farticle%2Fdate-in-court&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonokini" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hoodline-Peterson-Rosenberg-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-hoodline-Peterson-Rosenberg_48-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPeterson2016" class="citation web cs1">Peterson, Art (17 May 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hoodline.com/2016/05/north-beach-history-the-birth-of-topless-dancing/">"North Beach History: The Birth Of Topless Dancing"</a>. <i>hoodline.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 September</span> 2021</span>. <q>In 1964, Rosenberg was employed as a publicist for the Condor. This club and the others in North Beach was doing a middling business by featuring caged young women in bikinis dancing The Swim, the Frug and the Watusi. That was before June 19th, when Rosenberg saw a Joseph Magnin newspaper ad for the Monokini by the designer Rudi Gernreich. ...Seeing the ad, Rosenberg beelined to Magnin's and bought a $25 Monokini. Returning to the club, he presented the garment to a cocktail waitress/go-go dancer named Carol Doda.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=hoodline.com&rft.atitle=North+Beach+History%3A+The+Birth+Of+Topless+Dancing&rft.date=2016-05-17&rft.aulast=Peterson&rft.aufirst=Art&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhoodline.com%2F2016%2F05%2Fnorth-beach-history-the-birth-of-topless-dancing%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonokini" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sfgate-Doda-dies-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-sfgate-Doda-dies_49-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFaganWhiting2015" class="citation news cs1">Fagan, Kevin; Whiting, Sam (11 November 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/Legendary-S-F-stripper-Carol-Doda-dies-at-78-6625160.php">"Legendary S.F. stripper Carol Doda dies at 78"</a>. <i>SFGATE</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 September</span> 2021</span>. <q>Ms. Doda was already a waitress who go-go danced on top of a piano at the Condor 51 years ago when the club's publicist, Davey Rosenberg, handed her a Rudi Gernreich topless swimsuit — the first of its kind — and said, "Try this in the act." It was a sensation — the first topless dancing act of widespread note in America.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=SFGATE&rft.atitle=Legendary+S.F.+stripper+Carol+Doda+dies+at+78&rft.date=2015-11-11&rft.aulast=Fagan&rft.aufirst=Kevin&rft.au=Whiting%2C+Sam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sfgate.com%2Fbayarea%2Farticle%2FLegendary-S-F-stripper-Carol-Doda-dies-at-78-6625160.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonokini" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231111060811/https://sfist.com/2015/11/11/carol_doda_pioneering_san_francisco/">"Carol Doda, '60s Stripping Sensation And Cultural Icon, Dead At 78: SFist"</a>. <i>SFist - San Francisco News, Restaurants, Events, & Sports</i>. November 11, 2015. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sfist.com/2015/11/11/carol_doda_pioneering_san_francisco/">the original</a> on November 11, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 11,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=SFist+-+San+Francisco+News%2C+Restaurants%2C+Events%2C+%26+Sports&rft.atitle=Carol+Doda%2C+%2760s+Stripping+Sensation+And+Cultural+Icon%2C+Dead+At+78%3A+SFist&rft.date=2015-11-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsfist.com%2F2015%2F11%2F11%2Fcarol_doda_pioneering_san_francisco%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonokini" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:Doda0-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:Doda0_51-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Topless Suits in Shows OK", <i>Los Angeles Times</i>, May 8, 1965, Page 9.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMaynard2001" class="citation book cs1">Maynard, Margaret (2001). <i>Out of Line</i>. Sydney, New South Wales, Australia: University of New South Wales Press. p. 156. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0868405159" title="Special:BookSources/0868405159"><bdi>0868405159</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Out+of+Line&rft.place=Sydney%2C+New+South+Wales%2C+Australia&rft.pages=156&rft.pub=University+of+New+South+Wales+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=0868405159&rft.aulast=Maynard&rft.aufirst=Margaret&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonokini" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LoveToKnow-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-LoveToKnow_53-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061203060103/http://swimsuits.lovetoknow.com/Monokini">"Monokini"</a>. LoveToKnow. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://swimsuits.lovetoknow.com/Monokini">the original</a> on 2006-12-03<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-12-07</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Monokini&rft.pub=LoveToKnow&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fswimsuits.lovetoknow.com%2FMonokini&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonokini" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Swim_Trends-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Swim_Trends_54-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWexler2007" class="citation news cs1">Wexler, Kathryn (July 17, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.azcentral.com/style/fashion/articles/2007/08/13/20070813swim08.html">"Swimsuit trends for next spring"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Miami_Herald" class="mw-redirect" title="The Miami Herald">The Miami Herald</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-12-07</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Miami+Herald&rft.atitle=Swimsuit+trends+for+next+spring&rft.date=2007-07-17&rft.aulast=Wexler&rft.aufirst=Kathryn&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.azcentral.com%2Fstyle%2Ffashion%2Farticles%2F2007%2F08%2F13%2F20070813swim08.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonokini" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Portraits: Photographs from Europe and America</i> (2004) Klaus Honnef, Helmut Newton and Carol Squiers. page 21, Schirmer, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/382960131X" title="Special:BookSources/382960131X">382960131X</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cathy Horn, "Rudi Revisited", <i>The Washington Post</i>, November 17, 1991, page 3</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Elizabeth Gunther Stewart, Paula Spencer & Dawn Danby, <i>The V Book: A Doctor's Guide to Complete Vulvovaginal Health</i> (2002), page 104, Bantam Books, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-553-38114-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-553-38114-8">0-553-38114-8</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFEllen_Shultz1986" class="citation book cs1">Ellen Shultz, ed. (1986). <i>Recent acquisitions: A Selection, 1985-1986</i>. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art. p. 48. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0870994784" title="Special:BookSources/978-0870994784"><bdi>978-0870994784</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Recent+acquisitions%3A+A+Selection%2C+1985-1986&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=48&rft.pub=Metropolitan+Museum+of+Art&rft.date=1986&rft.isbn=978-0870994784&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonokini" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Metrwax-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Metrwax_59-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFoverzero.com" class="citation web cs1">overzero.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120729120714/http://metroland.net/guides/2007_sum_guide/sum_waxing.html">"Bald is Beautiful"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Metroland_(newspaper)" title="Metroland (newspaper)">Metroland</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.metroland.net/guides/2007_sum_guide/sum_waxing.html">the original</a> on 2012-07-29<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-11-12</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Metroland&rft.atitle=Bald+is+Beautiful&rft.au=overzero.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.metroland.net%2Fguides%2F2007_sum_guide%2Fsum_waxing.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonokini" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Elizabeth Gunther Stewart, Paula Spencer and Dawn Danby, <i>The V Book</i>, page 104, Bantam Books, 2002, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0553381148" title="Special:BookSources/0553381148">0553381148</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=DP&p_theme=dp&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=0EB1DA884A3D966C&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&s_trackval=GooglePM">Catalog adds options for overweight girls</a>, <i>Denver Post</i>, 1992-01-02</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monokini&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" 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.navbox{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Clothing687" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Clothing" title="Template:Clothing"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Clothing" title="Template talk:Clothing"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Clothing" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Clothing"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Clothing687" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Clothing" title="Clothing">Clothing</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_clothing_and_textiles" title="History of clothing and textiles">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clothing_industry" title="Clothing industry">Industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clothing_technology" title="Clothing technology">Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clothing_terminology" title="Clothing terminology">Terminology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_clothing_and_textiles_technology" title="Timeline of clothing and textiles technology">Timeline</a></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Headgear" title="Headgear">Headwear</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beret" title="Beret">Beret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cap" title="Cap">Cap</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baseball_cap" title="Baseball cap">baseball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flat_cap" title="Flat cap">flat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knit_cap" title="Knit cap">knit</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crown" title="Crown">Crown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hat" title="Hat">Hat</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boater" title="Boater">boater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bowler_hat" title="Bowler hat">bowler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fedora" title="Fedora">fedora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homburg_hat" title="Homburg hat">homburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Top_hat" title="Top hat">top</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helmet" title="Helmet">Helmet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hood_(headgear)" title="Hood (headgear)">Hood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerchief" title="Kerchief">Kerchief</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mask" title="Mask">Mask</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turban" title="Turban">Turban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veil" title="Veil">Veil</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Neckwear" class="mw-redirect" title="Neckwear">Neckwear</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bands_(neckwear)" title="Bands (neckwear)">Bands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Choker" title="Choker">Choker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collar_(clothing)" title="Collar (clothing)">Collar</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clerical_collar" title="Clerical collar">Clerical</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pussy_bow" title="Pussy bow">Lavallière</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neckerchief" title="Neckerchief">Neckerchief</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neck_gaiter" title="Neck gaiter">Neck gaiter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Necktie" title="Necktie">Necktie</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ascot_tie" title="Ascot tie">ascot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolo_tie" title="Bolo tie">bolo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bow_tie" title="Bow tie">bow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kipper_tie" title="Kipper tie">kipper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/School_tie" title="School tie">school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stock_tie" title="Stock tie">stock</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scarf" title="Scarf">Scarf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tippet" title="Tippet">Tippet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Underwear" title="Underwear">Underwear</a><br /> and <a href="/wiki/Lingerie" title="Lingerie">lingerie</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Top</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bra" title="Bra">Bra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camisole" title="Camisole">Camisole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Undershirt" title="Undershirt">Undershirt</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Bottom</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diaper" title="Diaper">Diaper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Training_pants" title="Training pants">Training pants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leggings" title="Leggings">Leggings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panties" title="Panties">Panties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plastic_pants" title="Plastic pants">Plastic pants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slip_(clothing)" title="Slip (clothing)">Slip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thong" title="Thong">Thong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underpants" title="Underpants">Underpants</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boxer_briefs" title="Boxer briefs">boxer briefs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boxer_shorts" title="Boxer shorts">boxer shorts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Briefs" title="Briefs">briefs</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Full</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bodysuit" title="Bodysuit">Bodysuit, adult</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infant_bodysuit" title="Infant bodysuit">Bodysuit, infant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_underwear" title="Long underwear">Long underwear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/See-through_clothing" title="See-through clothing">See-through</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teddy_(garment)" title="Teddy (garment)">Teddy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Top_(clothing)" title="Top (clothing)">Tops</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blouse" title="Blouse">Blouse</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cache-c%C5%93ur" title="Cache-cœur">cache-cœur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crop_top" title="Crop top">crop top</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halterneck" title="Halterneck">halterneck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tube_top" title="Tube top">tube top</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cycling_jersey" title="Cycling jersey">Cycling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurta" title="Kurta">Kurta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mantle_(clothing)" title="Mantle (clothing)">Mantle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shirt" title="Shirt">Shirt</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dress_shirt" title="Dress shirt">dress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henley_shirt" title="Henley shirt">Henley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polo_shirt" title="Polo shirt">polo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sleeveless_shirt" title="Sleeveless shirt">sleeveless</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T-shirt" title="T-shirt">T</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crew_neck" title="Crew neck">crew neck</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweater" title="Sweater">Sweater</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cardigan_(sweater)" title="Cardigan (sweater)">cardigan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guernsey_(clothing)" title="Guernsey (clothing)">guernsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoodie" title="Hoodie">hoodie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jersey_(clothing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jersey (clothing)">jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polo_neck" title="Polo neck">polo neck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shrug_(clothing)" title="Shrug (clothing)">shrug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweater_vest" title="Sweater vest">sweater vest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twinset" title="Twinset">twinset</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waistcoat" title="Waistcoat">Waistcoat</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Bottoms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Trousers" title="Trousers">Trousers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bell-bottoms" title="Bell-bottoms">Bell-bottoms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bondage_pants" title="Bondage pants">Bondage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capri_pants" title="Capri pants">Capri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cargo_pants" title="Cargo pants">Cargo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaps" title="Chaps">Chaps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Formal_trousers" title="Formal trousers">Formal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Go-to-hell_pants" title="Go-to-hell pants">Go-to-hell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-rise_(fashion)" title="High-rise (fashion)">High water</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Low-rise_(fashion)" title="Low-rise (fashion)">Lowrise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeans" title="Jeans">Jeans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jodhpurs" title="Jodhpurs">Jodhpurs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overalls" title="Overalls">Overalls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palazzo_pants" title="Palazzo pants">Palazzo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parachute_pants" title="Parachute pants">Parachute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedal_pushers" title="Pedal pushers">Pedal pushers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phat_pants" title="Phat pants">Phat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shorts" title="Shorts">Shorts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bermuda_shorts" title="Bermuda shorts">Bermuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cycling_shorts" title="Cycling shorts">cycling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolphin_shorts" title="Dolphin shorts">dolphin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gym_shorts" title="Gym shorts">gym</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hotpants" title="Hotpants">hotpants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Running_shorts" title="Running shorts">running</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slim-fit_pants" title="Slim-fit pants">Slim-fit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweatpants" title="Sweatpants">Sweatpants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windpants" class="mw-redirect" title="Windpants">Windpants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoga_pants" title="Yoga pants">Yoga pants</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Skirt" title="Skirt">Skirts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/A-line_(clothing)" title="A-line (clothing)">A-line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ballerina_skirt" title="Ballerina skirt">Ballerina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denim_skirt" title="Denim skirt">Denim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Men%27s_skirts" title="Men's skirts">Men's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miniskirt" title="Miniskirt">Miniskirt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pencil_skirt" title="Pencil skirt">Pencil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prairie_skirt" class="mw-redirect" title="Prairie skirt">Prairie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rah-rah_skirt" title="Rah-rah skirt">Rah-rah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarong" title="Sarong">Sarong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skort" title="Skort">Skort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tutu_(clothing)" title="Tutu (clothing)">Tutu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wrap_(clothing)" title="Wrap (clothing)">Wrap</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Full-Body<br />Wear</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Suit" title="Suit">Suits</a> and<br /><a href="/wiki/Uniform" title="Uniform">uniforms</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ceremonial_dress" title="Ceremonial dress">Ceremonial dress</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Academic_dress" title="Academic dress">academic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Court_dress" title="Court dress">court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diplomatic_uniform" title="Diplomatic uniform">diplomatic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folk_costume" title="Folk costume">Folk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jodhpuri" title="Jodhpuri">Jodhpuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jumpsuit" title="Jumpsuit">Jumpsuit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_uniform" title="Military uniform">Military</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Full_dress_uniform" title="Full dress uniform">full</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mess_dress_uniform" title="Mess dress uniform">mess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Service_dress_uniform" title="Service dress uniform">service</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sailor_suit" title="Sailor suit">sailor</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combat_uniform" title="Combat uniform">combat</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miner%27s_habit" title="Miner's habit">Miner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pantsuit" title="Pantsuit">Pantsuit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_uniform" title="Political uniform">Political</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_clothing" title="Religious clothing">Religious</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cassock" title="Cassock">cassock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clerical_clothing" title="Clerical clothing">clerical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vestment" title="Vestment">vestment</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/School_uniform" title="School uniform">School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prison_uniform" title="Prison uniform">Prison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workwear" title="Workwear">Workwear</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boilersuit" title="Boilersuit">boilersuit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleanroom_suit" title="Cleanroom suit">cleanroom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hazmat_suit" title="Hazmat suit">hazmat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_suit" title="Space suit">space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scrubs_(clothing)" title="Scrubs (clothing)">scrubs</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dress" title="Dress">Dresses</a><br />and <a href="/wiki/Gown" title="Gown">gowns</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Formal, semi-<br />formal, informal</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Backless_dress" title="Backless dress">Backless</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bouffant_gown" title="Bouffant gown">Bouffant gown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coatdress" title="Coatdress">Coatdress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cocktail_dress" title="Cocktail dress">Cocktail</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Little_black_dress" title="Little black dress">little black</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evening_gown" title="Evening gown">Evening</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ball_gown" title="Ball gown">ball gown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Debutante_dress" title="Debutante dress">debutante</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plain_dress" title="Plain dress">Plain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prairie_dress" title="Prairie dress">Prairie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess_line" title="Princess line">Princess line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strapless_dress" title="Strapless dress">Strapless</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wedding_dress" title="Wedding dress">Wedding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wrap_dress" title="Wrap dress">Wrap</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Casual</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/House_dress" title="House dress">House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jumper_(dress)" title="Jumper (dress)">Jumper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romper_suit" title="Romper suit">Romper suit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheath_dress" title="Sheath dress">Sheath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shirtdress" title="Shirtdress">Shirtdress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slip_dress" title="Slip dress">Slip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sundress" title="Sundress">Sundress</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Coat" title="Coat">Coats</a><br />and<br /><a href="/wiki/List_of_outerwear" title="List of outerwear">outerwear</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Overcoats23" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Overcoat" title="Overcoat">Overcoats</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Car_coat" title="Car coat">Car</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chesterfield_coat" title="Chesterfield coat">Chesterfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Covert_coat" title="Covert coat">Covert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duffel_coat" title="Duffel coat">Duffel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duster_(clothing)" title="Duster (clothing)">Duster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greatcoat" title="Greatcoat">Greatcoat</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_Warm" title="British Warm">British Warm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guards_Coat" title="Guards Coat">Guards Coat</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greca_(clothing)" title="Greca (clothing)">Greca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Over-frock_coat" title="Over-frock coat">Over-frock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riding_coat" title="Riding coat">Riding</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shadbelly" title="Shadbelly">shadbelly</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trench_coat" title="Trench coat">Trench</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulster_coat" title="Ulster coat">Ulster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cloak" title="Cloak">Cloak</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Opera_cloak" title="Opera cloak">opera</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paletot" title="Paletot">Paletot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pea_coat" title="Pea coat">Pea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polo_coat" title="Polo coat">Polo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raincoat" title="Raincoat">Raincoat</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mackintosh" title="Mackintosh">Mackintosh</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Suit coats</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Frock_coat" title="Frock coat">Frock coat</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bekishe" title="Bekishe">bekishe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rekel" title="Rekel">rekel</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mess_jacket" title="Mess jacket">Mess jacket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suit_jacket" title="Suit jacket">Suit jacket</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blazer" title="Blazer">Blazer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smoking_jacket" title="Smoking jacket">smoking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_coat" title="Sport coat">sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teba_jacket" title="Teba jacket">Teba</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tailcoat" title="Tailcoat">Tailcoat</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/White_tie#Dress_coat" title="White tie">dress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morning_dress#Morning_coat" title="Morning dress">morning</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apron" title="Apron">Apron</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pinafore" title="Pinafore">pinafore</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blouson" title="Blouson">Blouson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cagoule" title="Cagoule">Cagoule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape" title="Cape">Cape</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ferraiolo" title="Ferraiolo">ferraiolo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inverness_cape" title="Inverness cape">Inverness</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mantle_(clothing)" title="Mantle (clothing)">Mantle</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mantle_(monastic_vesture)" title="Mantle (monastic vesture)">monastic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mantle_(royal_garment)" title="Mantle (royal garment)">royal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozzetta" title="Mozzetta">mozzetta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pellegrina" title="Pellegrina">pellegrina</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coatee" title="Coatee">Coatee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cut-off" title="Cut-off">Cut-off</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilet" title="Gilet">Gilet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacket" title="Jacket">Jacket</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Down_jacket" title="Down jacket">down</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flight_jacket" title="Flight jacket">flight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goggle_jacket" title="Goggle jacket">goggle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harrington_jacket" title="Harrington jacket">Harrington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leather_jacket" title="Leather jacket">leather</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mackinaw_jacket" title="Mackinaw jacket">mackinaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norfolk_jacket" title="Norfolk jacket">Norfolk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safari_jacket" title="Safari jacket">safari</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerkin_(garment)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jerkin (garment)">Jerkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_coat" title="White coat">Lab coat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parka" title="Parka">Parka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poncho" title="Poncho">Poncho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robe" title="Robe">Robe</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bathrobe" title="Bathrobe">bathrobe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dressing_gown" title="Dressing gown">dressing gown</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shawl" title="Shawl">Shawl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ski_suit" title="Ski suit">Ski suit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sleeved_blanket" title="Sleeved blanket">Sleeved blanket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windbreaker" title="Windbreaker">Windbreaker</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nightwear" title="Nightwear">Nightwear</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Babydoll" title="Babydoll">Babydoll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Babygrow" title="Babygrow">Babygrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blanket_sleeper" title="Blanket sleeper">Blanket sleeper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Negligee" title="Negligee">Negligee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nightgown" title="Nightgown">Nightgown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nightshirt" title="Nightshirt">Nightshirt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pajamas" title="Pajamas">Pajamas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Swimsuit" title="Swimsuit">Swimwear</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bikini" title="Bikini">Bikini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burkini" title="Burkini">Burkini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boardshorts" title="Boardshorts">Boardshorts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dry_suit" title="Dry suit">Dry suit</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Monokini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One-piece_swimsuit" title="One-piece swimsuit">One-piece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rash_guard" title="Rash guard">Rash guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sling_swimsuit" title="Sling swimsuit">Sling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Square_leg_suit" class="mw-redirect" title="Square leg suit">Square leg suit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swim_briefs" title="Swim briefs">Swim briefs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swim_diaper" title="Swim diaper">Swim diaper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trunks_(clothing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Trunks (clothing)">Trunks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wetsuit" title="Wetsuit">Wetsuit</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hosiery" title="Hosiery">Legwear</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sock" title="Sock">Sock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hold-ups" title="Hold-ups">Hold-ups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garter" title="Garter">Garter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pantyhose" title="Pantyhose">Pantyhose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stocking" title="Stocking">Stocking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tights" title="Tights">Tights</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Footwear" title="Footwear">Footwear</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boot" title="Boot">Boot</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dress_boot" title="Dress boot">Dress boot</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flip-flops" title="Flip-flops">Flip-flops</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandal" title="Sandal">Sandal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoe" title="Shoe">Shoe</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dress_shoe" title="Dress shoe">Dress shoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Court_shoe" title="Court shoe">Court shoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sneaker" class="mw-redirect" title="Sneaker">Sneaker</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slipper" title="Slipper">Slipper</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fashion_accessory" title="Fashion accessory">Accessories</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Adornments</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armband" title="Armband">Armband</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belt_(clothing)" title="Belt (clothing)">Belt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boutonni%C3%A8re" title="Boutonnière">Boutonnière</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coin_purse" title="Coin purse">Coin purse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cufflink" title="Cufflink">Cufflink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cummerbund" title="Cummerbund">Cummerbund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaiters" title="Gaiters">Gaiters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glasses" title="Glasses">Glasses</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sunglasses" title="Sunglasses">Sunglasses</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glove" title="Glove">Gloves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Headband" title="Headband">Headband</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Handbag" title="Handbag">Handbag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inro" title="Inro">Inro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewellery" title="Jewellery">Jewellery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Livery" title="Livery">Livery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muff_(handwarmer)" title="Muff (handwarmer)">Muff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pocket_protector" title="Pocket protector">Pocket protector</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pocket_watch" title="Pocket watch">Pocket watch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sash" title="Sash">Sash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spats_(footwear)" title="Spats (footwear)">Spats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suspenders" title="Suspenders">Suspenders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wallet" title="Wallet">Wallet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Watch" title="Watch">Watch</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Non-worn items</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hand_fan" title="Hand fan">Hand fan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umbrella" title="Umbrella">Umbrella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walking_stick" title="Walking stick">Walking stick</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dress_code" title="Dress code">Dress codes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Western31" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Western_dress_codes" title="Western dress codes">Western</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Formal_wear" title="Formal wear">Formal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Morning_dress" title="Morning dress">morning dress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_tie" title="White tie">white tie</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semi-formal_wear" title="Semi-formal wear">Semi-formal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_lounge_suit" title="Black lounge suit">black lounge suit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_tie" title="Black tie">black tie</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Informal_wear" title="Informal wear">Informal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Business_casual" title="Business casual">Business casual</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smart_casual" title="Smart casual">Smart casual</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casual_wear" title="Casual wear">Casual</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clothing_fetish" title="Clothing fetish">Clothing fetish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clothing_swap" title="Clothing swap">Clothing swap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Costume" title="Costume">Costume</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Creature_suit" title="Creature suit">creature suit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halloween_costume" title="Halloween costume">Halloween costume</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cross-dressing" title="Cross-dressing">Cross-dressing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_fashion" title="Environmental impact of fashion">Environmental impact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fashion" title="Fashion">Fashion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Haute_couture" title="Haute couture">haute couture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Made-to-measure" title="Made-to-measure">made-to-measure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ready-to-wear" title="Ready-to-wear">ready-to-wear</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fur_clothing" title="Fur clothing">Fur clothing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_types_of_fur" title="List of types of fur">types</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fursuit" title="Fursuit">Fursuit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_trade_of_secondhand_clothing" title="Global trade of secondhand clothing">Global trade of secondhand clothing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laundry" title="Laundry">Laundry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clothing_laws_by_country" title="Clothing laws by country">Laws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_individual_dresses" title="List of individual dresses">List of individual dresses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reconstructed_clothing" title="Reconstructed clothing">Reconstructed clothing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_to_clothing" title="Right to clothing">Right to clothing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vintage_clothing" title="Vintage clothing">Vintage clothing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><span class="nowrap"><span 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