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Sharpe]], [http://www.stanford.edu/~wfsharpe/mia/int/mia_int2.htm "Financial Economics"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040604105441/http://www.stanford.edu/~wfsharpe/mia/int/mia_int2.htm |date=2004-06-04 }}, in {{cite web |url=http://web.stanford.edu/~wfsharpe/mia/MIA.HTM |title=''Macro-Investment Analysis'' |publisher=Stanford University (manuscript) |accessdate=2009-08-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714034144/http://web.stanford.edu/~wfsharpe/mia/mia.htm |archive-date=2014-07-14 |url-status=live }}</ref> Contoh hal-hal yang dipelajari adalah keterkaitan variabel-variabel keuangan seperti harga, [[suku bunga]], dan saham, alih-alih aktivitas [[ekonomi riil]]. Dua fokus utamanya adalah [[harga aset]] (dari sudut pandang investor, atau penyedia modal) dan [[keuangan korporat]] (dari sudut pandang pengusaha atau pengguna modal).<ref name="Miller">[[Merton H. Miller]], (1999). The History of Finance: An Eyewitness Account, ''Journal of Portfolio Management''. Summer 1999.</ref> Bidang ini menjadi dasar teori untuk bidang [[keuangan]]. == Lingkup == === Lembaga keuangan === ==== Lembaga keuangan bukan bank ==== [[Lembaga keuangan bukan bank]] di antaranya ialah [[asuransi]], [[sewa guna usaha]], [[dana pensiun]], [[modal ventura]], [[anjak piutang]] dan [[pasar modal]]. Selain pasar modal, lembaga keuangan bukan bank lainnya berperan di dalam [[pasar uang]]. Lembaga keuangan bukan bank tidak menghasilkan produk keuangan berupa [[tabungan]], [[deposito]] dan [[giro]]. Lembaga keuangan bukan bank umumnya mengumpulkan dana secara tidak langsung. Bentuk pengumpulan dananya berupa premi asuransi, cicilan sewa guna usaha, simpanan hari tua, [[gadai]] barang dan [[pembelian]] [[saham]]. Lembaga keuangan bukan bank tidak mengadakan suatu [[investasi]] untuk memperoleh [[Laba|keuntungan]]. Ciri ini teramati pada jenis dana pensiun dan asuransi. Sebaliknya, lembaga keuangan bukan bank tidak memberikan modal [[kerja]] kepada [[Pelanggan|nasabah]] untuk memperoleh keuntungan. Lembaga keuangan bukan bank juga tidak memberikan [[Pembiayaan konsumen|pembiayaan konsumsi]] bagi nasabah. Dana yang terkumpul digunakan untuk keperluan pembayaran [[biaya operasional]]. Selain itu, dana dipakai pada berbagai [[Instrumen keuangan|instrumen]]<nowiki/>investasi lain sebagai suatu investasi pula. Lembaga keuangan dengan ciri ini adalah sewa guna usaha dan [[Rumah gadai|pegadaian]]. Keuntungan hanya diperoleh dari suku bunga tertentu melalui selisih modal dan pengembalian dana dari masyarakat. Dana di lembaga keuangan bukan bank cenderung hanya sebagai investasi jangka menengah dan investasu jangka panjang. Jangka menengah minimal dari lembaga keuangan bukan bank adalah lebih dari satu [[tahun]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Raharjo, A.W.B,, dan Tety Elida|date=2015|url=http://ariraharjo.staff.gunadarma.ac.id/Downloads/files/72869/1.+UI+BANK+%26+LEMBAGA+KEUANGAN+NONBANK+ok.pdf|title=Bank dan Lembaga Keuangan Non Bank di Indonesia|location=Jakarta|publisher=Penerbit Universitas Indonesia (UI Press)|isbn=978-979-456-613-8|pages=63-64|url-status=live}}</ref> === Pasar keuangan === ==== Pasar uang ==== Pasar uang merupakan bagian dari [[pasar keuangan]] bersama dengan pasar modal. Perbedaan antara pasar uang dan pasar modal ditandai oleh tiga hal dasar dalam kegiatan penjualan dan pembelian dalam [[perdagangan]]. Instrumen yang diperjualbelikan dalam pasar uang dan pasar modal adalah surat-surat berharga. Perbedaannya, pasar uang menjual dan membeli surat berharga jangka pendek, sedangkan pasar modal menjual surat berharga jangka panjang. Pasar uang hanya menjual surat berharga dengan jangka waktu kurang dari setahun seperti [[surat berharga komersial]], wesel tagih, dan sertifikat bank negara. Tempat jual beli untuk pasar uang bersifat abstrak dan tidak memerlukan tempat khusus tertentu seperti [[bursa efek]]. Proses jual-beli diadakan menggunakan [[media elektronik]] seperti telepon, [[faksimile]] atau [[telegram]]. Proses transaksi dapat dilakukan dimanapun antara [[kreditur]] dan [[investor.]] Selain itu, pasar uang bertujuan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan modal jangka pendek seperti untuk keperluan modal kerja. Pasar uang tidak bertujuan untuk ekspansi perusahaan. Tujuan investor dalam membeli surat-surat berharga di pasar uang adalah untuk mencari keuntungan sekaligus penguasaan perusahaan. Ciri lainnya adalah peserta pasar uang umumnya adalah [[bank]] atau lembaga keuangan bukan bank yang memerlukan dana jangka pendek. Sifat dari pembelian surat-surat berharga pada pasar uang hanya berdasarkan rasa saling percaya di antara pihak-pihak yang terlibat. Transaksi dilakukan tanpa ada jaminan tertentu di masing-masing pihak. Kepercayaan antarpihak menjadi penentu keberlangsungan pasar uang.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Abdullah, T., dan Sintha Wahjusaputri|date=2018|url=http://repository.uhamka.ac.id/4326/1/Buku%20-%20Bank%20dan%20Lembaga%20Keuangan.pdf|title=Bank dan Lembaga Keuangan|location=Jakarta|publisher=Mitra Wacana Media|edition=2|pages=130-131|url-status=live}}</ref> == Referensi == {{reflist}} [[Kategori:Ekonomika keuangan| ]] </textarea><div class="templatesUsed"><div class="mw-templatesUsedExplanation"><p>Templat yang digunakan di halaman ini: </p></div><ul> <li><a href="/wiki/Templat:Bedakan" title="Templat:Bedakan">Templat:Bedakan</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Templat:Bedakan&action=edit" title="Templat:Bedakan">sunting</a>) </li><li><a href="/wiki/Templat:Cite_book" title="Templat:Cite book">Templat:Cite book</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Templat:Cite_book&action=edit" title="Templat:Cite book">lihat sumber</a>) (dilindungi)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Templat:Cite_web" title="Templat:Cite 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