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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><i>Birth</i> (2004 film)</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 17 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-17" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">17 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birth_(pel%C2%B7l%C3%ADcula_de_2004)" title="Birth (pel·lícula de 2004) – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Birth (pel·lícula de 2004)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zrozen%C3%AD_(film)" title="Zrození (film) – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Zrození (film)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birth" title="Birth – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Birth" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birth_(Film)" title="Birth (Film) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Birth (Film)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%BCnd_(film)" title="Sünd (film) – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Sünd (film)" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reencarnaci%C3%B3n_(pel%C3%ADcula)" title="Reencarnación (película) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Reencarnación (película)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%84%D8%AF_(%D9%81%DB%8C%D9%84%D9%85_%DB%B2%DB%B0%DB%B0%DB%B4)" title="تولد (فیلم ۲۰۰۴) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="تولد (فیلم ۲۰۰۴)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birth_(film)" title="Birth (film) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Birth (film)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%83%84%EC%83%9D_(2004%EB%85%84_%EC%98%81%ED%99%94)" title="탄생 (2004년 영화) – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="탄생 (2004년 영화)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birth_-_Io_sono_Sean" title="Birth - Io sono Sean – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Birth - Io sono Sean" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birth" title="Birth – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Birth" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A8%98%E6%86%B6%E3%81%AE%E6%A3%98" title="記憶の棘 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="記憶の棘" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narodziny_(film)" title="Narodziny (film) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Narodziny (film)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birth" title="Birth – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Birth" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_(%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BC,_2004)" title="Рождение (фильм, 2004) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Рождение (фильм, 2004)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birth" title="Birth – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Birth" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birth_(film,_2004)" title="Birth (film, 2004) – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Birth (film, 2004)" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q865907#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div 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class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">2004 film by Jonathan Glazer</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above summary" style="font-size: 125%; font-style: italic;">Birth</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Birth_movie.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/5/5b/Birth_movie.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="326" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="220" data-file-height="326" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Theatrical release poster</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Directed by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Glazer" title="Jonathan Glazer">Jonathan Glazer</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Written by</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Claude_Carri%C3%A8re" title="Jean-Claude Carrière">Jean-Claude Carrière</a></li> <li>Milo Addica</li> <li>Jonathan Glazer</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Produced by</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>Jean-Louis Piel</li> <li>Nick Morris</li> <li>Lizie Gower</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Starring</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nicole_Kidman" title="Nicole Kidman">Nicole Kidman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lauren_Bacall" title="Lauren Bacall">Lauren Bacall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cameron_Bright" title="Cameron Bright">Cameron Bright</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danny_Huston" title="Danny Huston">Danny Huston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arliss_Howard" title="Arliss Howard">Arliss Howard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Stormare" title="Peter Stormare">Peter Stormare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ted_Levine" title="Ted Levine">Ted Levine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_Heche" title="Anne Heche">Anne Heche</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Cinematography</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Harris_Savides" title="Harris Savides">Harris Savides</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Edited by</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>Sam Sneade</li> <li>Claus Wehlisch</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Music by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Alexandre_Desplat" title="Alexandre Desplat">Alexandre Desplat</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Production<br />company</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="vertical-align: middle;"><a href="/wiki/Fine_Line_Features" title="Fine Line Features">Fine Line Features</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Distributed by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/New_Line_Cinema" title="New Line Cinema">New Line Cinema</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; white-space: normal;">Release dates</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist film-date"> <ul><li>September 8, 2004<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">2004-09-08</span>)</span> (<a href="/wiki/61st_Venice_International_Film_Festival" title="61st Venice International Film Festival">Venice</a>)</li> <li>October 29, 2004<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">2004-10-29</span>)</span> (United States)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; white-space: normal;">Running time</div></th><td class="infobox-data">96 minutes</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Country</th><td class="infobox-data">United States</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Language</th><td class="infobox-data">English</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Budget</th><td class="infobox-data">$20 million</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Box office</th><td class="infobox-data">$23.9 million</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><i><b>Birth</b></i> is a 2004 American <a href="/wiki/Psychological_drama" title="Psychological drama">psychological drama</a> film co-written and directed by <a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Glazer" title="Jonathan Glazer">Jonathan Glazer</a>. The film stars <a href="/wiki/Nicole_Kidman" title="Nicole Kidman">Nicole Kidman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lauren_Bacall" title="Lauren Bacall">Lauren Bacall</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cameron_Bright" title="Cameron Bright">Cameron Bright</a>, <a href="/wiki/Danny_Huston" title="Danny Huston">Danny Huston</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arliss_Howard" title="Arliss Howard">Arliss Howard</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peter_Stormare" title="Peter Stormare">Peter Stormare</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ted_Levine" title="Ted Levine">Ted Levine</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Anne_Heche" title="Anne Heche">Anne Heche</a>. Its plot follows a woman who becomes convinced that her deceased husband Sean is <a href="/wiki/Reincarnation" title="Reincarnation">reincarnated</a> as a ten-year-old boy. </p><p>Distributed by <a href="/wiki/New_Line_Cinema" title="New Line Cinema">New Line Cinema</a>, <i>Birth</i> premiered in competition at the <a href="/wiki/61st_Venice_International_Film_Festival" title="61st Venice International Film Festival">61st Venice International Film Festival</a>, polarizing critics upon its release and grossing $23.9 million on a budget of $20 million. Kidman was nominated for a <a href="/wiki/Golden_Globe_Award_for_Best_Actress_in_a_Motion_Picture_%E2%80%93_Drama" title="Golden Globe Award for Best Actress in a Motion Picture – Drama">Golden Globe Award for Best Actress in a Motion Picture – Drama</a> for her performance. The film has been re-evaluated in later years and is considered a masterpiece by some publications. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Plot">Plot</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Birth_(2004_film)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Plot"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sean and Anna are a married couple living in <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>. At the beginning of the film, Sean is heard lecturing to an unseen audience, explaining that he does not believe in <a href="/wiki/Reincarnation" title="Reincarnation">reincarnation</a>. Afterwards, Sean goes jogging, collapses, and dies. </p><p>Ten years later, Anna accepts a marriage proposal from her new fiancee, Joseph. When Clifford, Sean's brother, arrives at Anna's engagement party, his wife Clara excuses herself, saying she forgot to wrap a gift. Instead, she buys a replacement after hurriedly burying the original gift while a young boy secretly looks on. </p><p>Sometime later, at a party for Anna's mother, the boy sneaks into the apartment and claims to be Sean. At first, Anna dismisses the boy's claim. When Anna receives a letter from him the next day, warning her not to marry Joseph, she realizes the boy truly believes he is her reincarnated husband. </p><p>That night, Anna and Joseph discuss the letter. Since the building watchman seems to know the boy and that his name is Sean, Joseph calls to obtain more information. When Sean answers the phone, Joseph rushes downstairs to confront him. He takes him to Sean's father and the three of them order Sean to leave Anna alone. Sean refuses to recant his story and Anna watches Sean collapse in his father's arms. </p><p>Sean leaves a message on Anna's answering machine, which her mother overhears. That day at lunch, Anna's mother mentions that Sean wants to meet Anna in the park and that she will know where exactly. Anna hurries to Central Park and finds Sean waiting in the spot where her husband died. He offers to submit to questioning. </p><p>Anna's brother-in-law Bob, a doctor, talks to Sean, recording his responses on tape. Sean answers all the questions, even providing intimate details of Anna and Sean's sex life. Sean is brought to Anna's by his mother and he is able to identify parts of the apartment. Everyone except Anna remains doubtful. Anna's family becomes worried, particularly her sister Laura, who treats Sean with contempt. </p><p>When Anna misses an appointment with her fiancé to spend time with Sean, Joseph begins feeling worried, not merely about the boy but Anna's odd behavior. His jealousy is made plain when he physically attacks Sean. When Sean runs out, Anna follows him and Sean kisses her on the lips. </p><p>Anna seems convinced by the boy's story and asks Clara and Clifford to meet him. Clara encounters Sean at the door and asks him to visit her later. When Sean visits, he brings a backpack full of Anna's love letters to Sean. This package was Clara's spiteful engagement gift, which the boy had secretly unearthed and read the night of the party. Clara had been Sean's lover before his death, and he gave the letters to her unopened as proof of his love. Clara had been jealous that Sean would not leave Anna, but at the last moment abandoned her plan to give Anna the letters. When Clara points out to Sean that if he were really a reincarnation he would have come to her first, Sean runs out, confused. </p><p>When Anna finds Sean, she suggests they run away and marry when he is of legal age. He tells Anna that since he loves her, he cannot be the reincarnated Sean. Anna apologizes to Joseph, and they are married at the beach. Sean writes a long letter apologizing to Anna, wondering why he had the delusion of being her husband. Anna wades into the ocean's edge in anguish after the ceremony. Joseph finds her and leads her back, whispering into her ear. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cast">Cast</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Birth_(2004_film)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Cast"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 25em;min-width: min(25em, 100%);"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nicole_Kidman" title="Nicole Kidman">Nicole Kidman</a> as Anna</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cameron_Bright" title="Cameron Bright">Cameron Bright</a> as young Sean</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danny_Huston" title="Danny Huston">Danny Huston</a> as Joseph</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lauren_Bacall" title="Lauren Bacall">Lauren Bacall</a> as Eleanor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alison_Elliott" title="Alison Elliott">Alison Elliott</a> as Laura</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arliss_Howard" title="Arliss Howard">Arliss Howard</a> as Bob</li> <li>Michael Desautels as adult Sean</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_Heche" title="Anne Heche">Anne Heche</a> as Clara</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Stormare" title="Peter Stormare">Peter Stormare</a> as Clifford</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ted_Levine" title="Ted Levine">Ted Levine</a> as Mr. Conte</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cara_Seymour" title="Cara Seymour">Cara Seymour</a> as Mrs. Conte</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novella_Nelson" title="Novella Nelson">Novella Nelson</a> as Lee</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoe_Caldwell" title="Zoe Caldwell">Zoe Caldwell</a> as Mrs. Hill</li> <li>Charles Goff as Mr. Drummond</li> <li>Sheila Smith as Mrs. Drummond</li> <li>Milo Addica as Jimmy</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libby_Skala" title="Libby Skala">Libby Skala</a> as a bridesmaid</li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Production">Production</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Birth_(2004_film)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Production"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Director <a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Glazer" title="Jonathan Glazer">Jonathan Glazer</a> was interested in making a film about "the idea of eternal love" and a "mystery of the heart".<sup id="cite_ref-Johnston_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Johnston-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While writing the script, he was not interested in making a ghost story or a "paranormal piece".<sup id="cite_ref-Epstein_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Epstein-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He envisioned a <a href="/wiki/Fairy_tale" title="Fairy tale">fairy tale</a> structure early on.<sup id="cite_ref-nydailynews_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nydailynews-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The initial idea for the film came to him one day when he was in his kitchen: "There's this little kid and he tells a woman he's her dead husband – and he's ten years old."<sup id="cite_ref-Calhoun_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Calhoun-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Glazer went to <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a> to discuss the idea with French screenwriter <a href="/wiki/Jean-Claude_Carri%C3%A8re" title="Jean-Claude Carrière">Jean-Claude Carrière</a> at his producer's recommendation. Carrière ended up helping Glazer with the story and acted as a script consultant.<sup id="cite_ref-Calhoun_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Calhoun-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The director spent eight months going back and forth to Paris every weekend turning one paragraph into three acts. The script went through 21 drafts as Glazer and co-screenwriter Milo Addica worked on the story.<sup id="cite_ref-Calhoun_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Calhoun-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With only a few weeks before principal photography was to begin, the two writers decided to refocus the entire film. Originally, the script was about the boy and they changed it to be about the woman instead.<sup id="cite_ref-Calhoun_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Calhoun-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "We aimed to make something robust in which every question leads to another," said Glazer. "I'm not a Buddhist and I don't believe in reincarnation; I don't think I could do a film about it if I did. I was more interested in the idea of eternal love. I wanted to make a mystery, the mystery of the heart."<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Actress <a href="/wiki/Nicole_Kidman" title="Nicole Kidman">Nicole Kidman</a> read the screenplay and wanted to do the film when she found out that Glazer was directing, as she loved his previous film, <i><a href="/wiki/Sexy_Beast" title="Sexy Beast">Sexy Beast</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-CinemaSource_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CinemaSource-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She approached the director about doing the film. At first, he resisted because he felt that "her celebrity is so everywhere that I thought it could only hurt the delicate nature of this character".<sup id="cite_ref-Johnston_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Johnston-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, he met with Kidman and realized that "she was ready to inhabit the role".<sup id="cite_ref-Johnston_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Johnston-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The more he talked to Kidman about her character, he would rewrite the script on weekends, tailoring it specifically for her.<sup id="cite_ref-nydailynews_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nydailynews-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To show Anna in mourning both externally and internally, Glazer gave her short hair, spare wardrobe, and short, clipped speech.<sup id="cite_ref-CinemaSource_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CinemaSource-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The director explained Anna's appearance as "somebody who had sort of let all glamor go and sexuality go".<sup id="cite_ref-IGN_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IGN-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kidman said that Glazer instructed her to do small, personal reactions. She found the character to be all-consuming so she could not separate herself from the role. To research for the role, Kidman spoke to two friends who had lost their fathers and they talked about how it still affected them years after.<sup id="cite_ref-CinemaSource_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CinemaSource-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Addica and Glazer often wrote scenes the day before they were shot, giving them to the actors on the actual day they were shooting.<sup id="cite_ref-Calhoun_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Calhoun-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reception">Reception</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Birth_(2004_film)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Reception"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Box_office">Box office</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Birth_(2004_film)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Box office"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Birth</i> grossed $5.1 million in the United States and Canada, and $18.8 million in other territories, for a worldwide total of $23.9 million.<sup id="cite_ref-boxofficemojo_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-boxofficemojo-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the United States and Canada, the film opened at number 12 on its opening weekend, grossing $1.3 million from 550 theaters.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Critical_response">Critical response</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Birth_(2004_film)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Critical response"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Birth</i> premiered at the <a href="/wiki/61st_Venice_International_Film_Festival" title="61st Venice International Film Festival">61st Venice International Film Festival</a> where its first press screening was greeted with widely reported booing<sup id="cite_ref-Gritten_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gritten-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and catcalls.<sup id="cite_ref-Johnston_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Johnston-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Glazer responded, "People are a bit polarised by it, which is healthy".<sup id="cite_ref-Johnston_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Johnston-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On the <a href="/wiki/Review_aggregator" title="Review aggregator">review aggregator</a> website <a href="/wiki/Rotten_Tomatoes" title="Rotten Tomatoes">Rotten Tomatoes</a>, the film holds an approval rating of 40% based on 149 reviews, with an average rating of 5.2/10. The website's critics consensus reads, "A well-mounted production is undermined by a muddled, absurd storyline of questionable taste."<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Metacritic" title="Metacritic">Metacritic</a>, which uses a <a href="/wiki/Weighted_arithmetic_mean" title="Weighted arithmetic mean">weighted average</a>, assigned the film a score of 51 out of 100, based on 38 critics, indicating "mixed or average" reviews.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In his review for <i><a href="/wiki/Newsweek" title="Newsweek">Newsweek</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/David_Ansen" title="David Ansen">David Ansen</a> wrote, "the script is hooey. <i>Birth</i> is ridiculous, and oddly unforgettable".<sup id="cite_ref-Ansen_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ansen-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Michael O'Sullivan, in his review for <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i>, wrote, "What I'm not so fond of is the cop-out ultimately taken by the filmmakers, who can't seem to follow through on their promisingly metaphysical premise (let alone the theme of obsessive love), electing instead to eliminate all ambiguity".<sup id="cite_ref-Osullivan_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Osullivan-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In his review for the <i><a href="/wiki/New_York_Daily_News" title="New York Daily News">New York Daily News</a></i>, Jack Mathews called the film, "corny, plodding, implausible and – on occasion – seriously creepy".<sup id="cite_ref-Mathews_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mathews-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>However, <a href="/wiki/Roger_Ebert" title="Roger Ebert">Roger Ebert</a> gave the film three-and-a-half stars out of four and compared it to <i><a href="/wiki/Rosemary%27s_Baby_(film)" title="Rosemary's Baby (film)">Rosemary's Baby</a></i> saying, "<i>Birth</i> is less sensational and more ominous, and also more intriguing because instead of going for quick thrills, it explores what might really happen if a 10-year-old turned up and said what Sean says".<sup id="cite_ref-Ebert_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ebert-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In his review for <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/A._O._Scott" title="A. O. Scott">A. O. Scott</a> praised Nicole Kidman's performance: "Without Ms. Kidman's brilliantly nuanced performance, <i>Birth</i> might feel arch, chilly and a little sadistic, but she gives herself so completely to the role that the film becomes both spellbinding and heartbreaking, a delicate chamber piece with the large, troubled heart of an opera."<sup id="cite_ref-Scott_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Scott-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Birth</i> was placed at 96 on <a href="/wiki/Slant_Magazine" title="Slant Magazine">Slant Magazine</a>'s best films of the 2000s.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Writing in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i> in August 2010, film critic <a href="/wiki/David_Thomson_(film_critic)" title="David Thomson (film critic)">David Thomson</a> included the film in his list of "10 lost works of genius".<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While the film divided critics and audiences mostly "stayed away" upon release, the reception of the film has been reassessed over the years,<sup id="cite_ref-LAT24_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LAT24-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with some publications calling it a masterpiece<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Kidman's performance recognized as one of the best of her career.<sup id="cite_ref-LAT24_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LAT24-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Controversy">Controversy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Birth_(2004_film)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Controversy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The film generated controversy due to a scene wherein Kidman shares a bath with Bright, both apparently naked.<sup id="cite_ref-Johnston_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Johnston-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In fact, Bright was never naked and the two were never even in the same room during the filming of the bath scene apart from one camera shot, and when this shot happened both wore special clothes that were not visible to the camera.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Glazer insists that the scene is not erotic or exploitative. "I can imagine that, before people see it, they might think it was salacious. But I knew it was never going to be that."<sup id="cite_ref-Johnston_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Johnston-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At a press conference at the Venice Film Festival, Kidman addressed the controversy of her character kissing a boy: "It wasn't that I wanted to make a film where I kiss a 10-year-old boy. I wanted to make a film where you understand love."<sup id="cite_ref-Born_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Born-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Further controversy occurred at the festival when a journalist described Kidman as a "screen legend", to which her co-star Lauren Bacall replied, "She is a beginner".<sup id="cite_ref-Born_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Born-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kidman downplayed Bacall's remarks and said, "I certainly don't feel like a big star in Hollywood".<sup id="cite_ref-Born_24-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Born-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Complaints of the film's "cop-out" ending are questioned by <a href="/wiki/Roger_Ebert" title="Roger Ebert">Roger Ebert</a> in his review, who notes: "There seem to be two possible explanations for what finally happens, but neither one is consistent with all of the facts."<sup id="cite_ref-Ebert_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ebert-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Accolades">Accolades</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Birth_(2004_film)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Accolades"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Award </th> <th>Category </th> <th>Subject </th> <th>Result </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1"><a href="/wiki/61st_Venice_International_Film_Festival" title="61st Venice International Film Festival">61st Venice International Film Festival</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Golden_Lion" title="Golden Lion">Golden Lion</a> </td> <td><i>Birth</i> </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="no table-no2 notheme">Nominated </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1"><a href="/wiki/62nd_Golden_Globe_Awards" title="62nd Golden Globe Awards">Golden Globe Awards</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Golden_Globe_Award_for_Best_Actress_in_a_Motion_Picture_%E2%80%93_Drama" title="Golden Globe Award for Best Actress in a Motion Picture – Drama">Best Actress in a Motion Picture – Drama</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nicole_Kidman" title="Nicole Kidman">Nicole Kidman</a> </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="no table-no2 notheme">Nominated </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1"><a href="/wiki/10th_Critics%27_Choice_Awards" title="10th Critics' Choice Awards">Critics' Choice Awards</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Critics%27_Choice_Movie_Award_for_Best_Young_Performer" title="Critics' Choice Movie Award for Best Young Performer">Best Young Performer</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cameron_Bright" title="Cameron Bright">Cameron Bright</a> </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="no table-no2 notheme">Nominated </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/31st_Saturn_Awards" title="31st Saturn Awards">Saturn Awards</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Saturn_Award_for_Best_Fantasy_Film" title="Saturn Award for Best Fantasy Film">Best Fantasy Film</a> </td> <td><i>Birth</i> </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="no table-no2 notheme">Nominated </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Saturn_Award_for_Best_Actress" title="Saturn Award for Best Actress">Best Actress</a> </td> <td>Nicole Kidman </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="no table-no2 notheme">Nominated </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Saturn_Award_for_Best_Performance_by_a_Younger_Actor" title="Saturn Award for Best Performance by a Younger Actor">Best Performance by a Younger Actor</a> </td> <td>Cameron Bright </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="no table-no2 notheme">Nominated </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Gold_Derby" class="mw-redirect" title="Gold Derby">Gold Derby Awards</a> </td> <td>Best Original Score </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Alexandre_Desplat" title="Alexandre Desplat">Alexandre Desplat</a> </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="no table-no2 notheme">Nominated </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/International_Cinephile_Society" title="International Cinephile Society">International Cinephile Society Awards</a> </td> <td>Best Original Score </td> <td>Alexandre Desplat </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Won </td></tr> <tr> <td>Best Picture </td> <td><i>Birth</i> </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="no table-no2 notheme">Nominated </td></tr> <tr> <td>Best Actress </td> <td>Nicole Kidman </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="no table-no2 notheme">Nominated </td></tr> <tr> <td>Best Cinematography </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Harris_Savides" title="Harris Savides">Harris Savides</a> </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="no table-no2 notheme">Nominated </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1"><a href="/wiki/London_Film_Critics%27_Circle" title="London Film Critics' Circle">London Film Critics' Circle Awards</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/London_Film_Critics%27_Circle_Award_for_Actress_of_the_Year" title="London Film Critics' Circle Award for Actress of the Year">Actress of the Year</a> </td> <td>Nicole Kidman </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="no table-no2 notheme">Nominated </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Film_Critics_Association" title="Los Angeles Film Critics Association">Los Angeles Film Critics Association Awards</a> </td> <td>Best Original Score </td> <td>Alexandre Desplat </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="no table-no2 notheme">Nominated </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Sitges_Film_Festival" title="Sitges Film Festival">Maria Awards</a> </td> <td>Best Film </td> <td><i>Birth</i> </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="no table-no2 notheme">Nominated </td></tr> <tr> <td>Citizen Kane Award for Best Directorial Revelation – Special Mention </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Glazer" title="Jonathan Glazer">Jonathan Glazer</a> </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Won </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Online_Film_Critics_Society_Awards_2004" title="Online Film Critics Society Awards 2004">Online Film Critics Society Awards</a> </td> <td>Best Original Score </td> <td>Alexandre Desplat </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="no table-no2 notheme">Nominated </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1"><a href="/wiki/26th_Young_Artist_Awards" title="26th Young Artist Awards">Young Artist Awards</a> </td> <td>Best Performance in a Feature Film – Supporting Young Actor </td> <td>Cameron Bright </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="no table-no2 notheme">Nominated </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Birth_(2004_film)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Johnston-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Johnston_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Johnston_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Johnston_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Johnston_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Johnston_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Johnston_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Johnston_1-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFJohnston2004" class="citation news cs1">Johnston, Sheila (October 29, 2004). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/film/3626247/Giving-birth-to-a-scandal.html">"Giving <i>Birth</i> to a Scandal"</a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph" title="The Daily Telegraph">The Daily Telegraph</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150924181334/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/film/3626247/Giving-birth-to-a-scandal.html">Archived</a> from the original on September 24, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 3,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Giving+Birth+to+a+Scandal&rft.date=2004-10-29&rft.aulast=Johnston&rft.aufirst=Sheila&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fculture%2Ffilm%2F3626247%2FGiving-birth-to-a-scandal.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABirth+%282004+film%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Epstein-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Epstein_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEpstein2004" class="citation news cs1">Epstein, Daniel Robert (November 4, 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://suicidegirls.com/words/Jonathan+Glazer/">"Interview with Jonathan Glazer (<i>Birth</i>)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/SuicideGirls" title="SuicideGirls">SuicideGirls</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 3,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=SuicideGirls&rft.atitle=Interview+with+Jonathan+Glazer+%28Birth%29&rft.date=2004-11-04&rft.aulast=Epstein&rft.aufirst=Daniel+Robert&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsuicidegirls.com%2Fwords%2FJonathan%2BGlazer%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABirth+%282004+film%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nydailynews-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nydailynews_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nydailynews_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"About A Boy". <i><a href="/wiki/New_York_Daily_News" title="New York Daily News">New York Daily News</a></i>. October 24, 2004.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+York+Daily+News&rft.atitle=About+A+Boy&rft.date=2004-10-24&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABirth+%282004+film%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Calhoun-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Calhoun_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Calhoun_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Calhoun_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Calhoun_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Calhoun_4-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCalhoun2004" class="citation magazine cs1">Calhoun, Dave (October 26, 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080830052335/http://www.timeout.com/film/news/157.html">"Interview with Jonathan Glazer"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Time_Out_(magazine)" title="Time Out (magazine)">Time Out</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.timeout.com/film/news/157.html">the original</a> on August 30, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 3,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time+Out&rft.atitle=Interview+with+Jonathan+Glazer&rft.date=2004-10-26&rft.aulast=Calhoun&rft.aufirst=Dave&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.timeout.com%2Ffilm%2Fnews%2F157.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABirth+%282004+film%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mcfarlandbooks.com/product/alien-in-the-mirror/">"Alien in the Mirror – McFarland"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 1,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Alien+in+the+Mirror+%E2%80%93+McFarland&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmcfarlandbooks.com%2Fproduct%2Falien-in-the-mirror%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABirth+%282004+film%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CinemaSource-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CinemaSource_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CinemaSource_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CinemaSource_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"Brace Yourself for . . . <i>Birth</i>". The Cinema Source. February 2005.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Brace+Yourself+for+.+.+.+Birth&rft.date=2005-02&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABirth+%282004+film%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IGN-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-IGN_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarroll2004" class="citation news cs1">Carroll, Larry (October 29, 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160305200234/http://www.ign.com/articles/2004/10/30/birth-control">"<i>Birth</i> Control"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/IGN" title="IGN">IGN</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://movies.ign.com/articles/561/561920p1.html">the original</a> on March 5, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 3,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=IGN&rft.atitle=Birth+Control&rft.date=2004-10-29&rft.aulast=Carroll&rft.aufirst=Larry&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmovies.ign.com%2Farticles%2F561%2F561920p1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABirth+%282004+film%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-boxofficemojo-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-boxofficemojo_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt0337876/">"Birth (2004)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Box_Office_Mojo" title="Box Office Mojo">Box Office Mojo</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 12,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Box+Office+Mojo&rft.atitle=Birth+%282004%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.boxofficemojo.com%2Ftitle%2Ftt0337876%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABirth+%282004+film%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.boxofficemojo.com/release/rl1095206401/weekend/">"Birth (2004) – Domestic Weekend"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Box_Office_Mojo" title="Box Office Mojo">Box Office Mojo</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 12,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Box+Office+Mojo&rft.atitle=Birth+%282004%29+%E2%80%93+Domestic+Weekend&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.boxofficemojo.com%2Frelease%2Frl1095206401%2Fweekend%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABirth+%282004+film%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gritten-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Gritten_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGritten2004" class="citation news cs1">Gritten, David (September 10, 2004). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/film/3623677/Kidman-didnt-deserve-the-boos-its-a-stylish-film.html">"Kidman didn't deserve the boos – it's a stylish film"</a></span>. <i>The Daily Telegraph</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150924181324/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/film/3623677/Kidman-didnt-deserve-the-boos-its-a-stylish-film.html">Archived</a> from the original on September 24, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 3,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Kidman+didn%27t+deserve+the+boos+%E2%80%93+it%27s+a+stylish+film&rft.date=2004-09-10&rft.aulast=Gritten&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fculture%2Ffilm%2F3623677%2FKidman-didnt-deserve-the-boos-its-a-stylish-film.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABirth+%282004+film%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/birth">"Birth"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Rotten_Tomatoes" title="Rotten Tomatoes">Rotten Tomatoes</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 28,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Rotten+Tomatoes&rft.atitle=Birth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rottentomatoes.com%2Fm%2Fbirth&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABirth+%282004+film%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.metacritic.com/movie/birth">"Birth"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Metacritic" title="Metacritic">Metacritic</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 28,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Metacritic&rft.atitle=Birth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.metacritic.com%2Fmovie%2Fbirth&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABirth+%282004+film%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ansen-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Ansen_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnsen2004" class="citation magazine cs1">Ansen, David (November 8, 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newsweek.com/id/55647">"Snap Judgement"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Newsweek" title="Newsweek">Newsweek</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 22,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Newsweek&rft.atitle=Snap+Judgement&rft.date=2004-11-08&rft.aulast=Ansen&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newsweek.com%2Fid%2F55647&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABirth+%282004+film%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Osullivan-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Osullivan_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFO'Sullivan2004" class="citation news cs1">O'Sullivan, Michael (October 29, 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2004/10/29/AR2005033115930.html">"Irreparable <i>Birth</i> Defects"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 22,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Irreparable+Birth+Defects&rft.date=2004-10-29&rft.aulast=O%27Sullivan&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fwp-dyn%2Fcontent%2Farticle%2F2004%2F10%2F29%2FAR2005033115930.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABirth+%282004+film%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mathews-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Mathews_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMathews2004" class="citation news cs1">Mathews, Jack (October 29, 2004). 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 22,</span> 2008</span> – via <a href="/wiki/RogerEbert.com" title="RogerEbert.com">RogerEbert.com</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chicago+Sun-Times&rft.atitle=Birth&rft.date=2004-10-28&rft.aulast=Ebert&rft.aufirst=Roger&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rogerebert.com%2Freviews%2Fbirth-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABirth+%282004+film%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Scott-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Scott_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFScott2004" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/A._O._Scott" title="A. O. Scott">Scott, A. O.</a> (October 29, 2004). <span class="id-lock-limited" title="Free access subject to limited trial, subscription normally required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2004/10/29/movies/a-visitor-from-betwixt-shows-up-in-between.html">"A Visitor From Betwixt Shows Up in Between"</a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181116011335/https://www.nytimes.com/2004/10/29/movies/a-visitor-from-betwixt-shows-up-in-between.html">Archived</a> from the original on November 16, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 12,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=A+Visitor+From+Betwixt+Shows+Up+in+Between&rft.date=2004-10-29&rft.aulast=Scott&rft.aufirst=A.+O.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2004%2F10%2F29%2Fmovies%2Fa-visitor-from-betwixt-shows-up-in-between.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABirth+%282004+film%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.slantmagazine.com/film/feature/best-of-the-aughts-film/216/page_1">"Best of the Aughts: Film"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Slant_Magazine" title="Slant Magazine">Slant Magazine</a></i>. February 7, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 10,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Slant+Magazine&rft.atitle=Best+of+the+Aughts%3A+Film&rft.date=2010-02-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.slantmagazine.com%2Ffilm%2Ffeature%2Fbest-of-the-aughts-film%2F216%2Fpage_1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABirth+%282004+film%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThomson2010" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/David_Thomson_(film_critic)" title="David Thomson (film critic)">Thomson, David</a> (August 19, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/film/2010/aug/19/cinema-lost-unknown-classics">"The films that time forgot"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=The+films+that+time+forgot&rft.date=2010-08-19&rft.aulast=Thomson&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Ffilm%2F2010%2Faug%2F19%2Fcinema-lost-unknown-classics&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABirth+%282004+film%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LAT24-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-LAT24_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LAT24_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/entertainment-arts/movies/story/2024-04-25/nicole-kidman-making-birth-jonathan-glazer-afi-lifetime-interview">"Nicole Kidman on making 'Birth' and why she chooses films that aren't a 'soothing bath'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>Los Angeles Times</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 25,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Nicole+Kidman+on+making+%27Birth%27+and+why+she+chooses+films+that+aren%27t+a+%27soothing+bath%27&rft.date=2024-04-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Fentertainment-arts%2Fmovies%2Fstory%2F2024-04-25%2Fnicole-kidman-making-birth-jonathan-glazer-afi-lifetime-interview&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABirth+%282004+film%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLattanzio2014" class="citation web cs1">Lattanzio, Ryan (March 31, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.indiewire.com/features/general/why-ten-years-later-jonathan-glazers-birth-is-still-a-masterpiece-192930/">"Why Ten Years Later, Jonathan Glazer's 'Birth' Is Still a Masterpiece"</a>. <i>IndieWire</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 25,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=IndieWire&rft.atitle=Why+Ten+Years+Later%2C+Jonathan+Glazer%27s+%27Birth%27+Is+Still+a+Masterpiece&rft.date=2014-03-31&rft.aulast=Lattanzio&rft.aufirst=Ryan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.indiewire.com%2Ffeatures%2Fgeneral%2Fwhy-ten-years-later-jonathan-glazers-birth-is-still-a-masterpiece-192930%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABirth+%282004+film%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRussell2023" class="citation web cs1">Russell, Calum (February 26, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://faroutmagazine.co.uk/birth-jonathan-glazer-misunderstood-masterpiece/">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Birth': Jonathan Glazer's misunderstood masterpiece"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Far_Out_(website)" title="Far Out (website)">Far Out</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 25,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Far+Out&rft.atitle=%27Birth%27%3A+Jonathan+Glazer%27s+misunderstood+masterpiece&rft.date=2023-02-26&rft.aulast=Russell&rft.aufirst=Calum&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffaroutmagazine.co.uk%2Fbirth-jonathan-glazer-misunderstood-masterpiece%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABirth+%282004+film%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarroll2004" class="citation web cs1">Carroll, Larry (October 31, 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070927222719/http://www.filmstew.com/ShowArticle.aspx?ContentID=10034">"Giving Birth to Controversy"</a>. <i>FilmStew.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.filmstew.com/ShowArticle.aspx?ContentID=10034">the original</a> on September 27, 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 30,</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=FilmStew.com&rft.atitle=Giving+Birth+to+Controversy&rft.date=2004-10-31&rft.aulast=Carroll&rft.aufirst=Larry&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.filmstew.com%2FShowArticle.aspx%3FContentID%3D10034&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABirth+%282004+film%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Born-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Born_24-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Born_24-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Born_24-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBorn2004" class="citation news cs1">Born, Matt (September 9, 2004). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/italy/1471380/Bacall-delivers-a-legendary-snub-to-Kidman.html">"Bacall delivers a legendary snub to Kidman"</a></span>. <i>The Daily Telegraph</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150925205038/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/italy/1471380/Bacall-delivers-a-legendary-snub-to-Kidman.html">Archived</a> from the original on September 25, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 3,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Bacall+delivers+a+legendary+snub+to+Kidman&rft.date=2004-09-09&rft.aulast=Born&rft.aufirst=Matt&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworldnews%2Feurope%2Fitaly%2F1471380%2FBacall-delivers-a-legendary-snub-to-Kidman.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABirth+%282004+film%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Birth_(2004_film)&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0337876/"><i>Birth</i></a> at <a href="/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="IMDb (identifier)">IMDb</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q865907#P345" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.allmovie.com/movie/v295413"><i>Birth</i></a> at <a 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href="/wiki/Template:Jonathan_Glazer" title="Template:Jonathan Glazer"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Jonathan_Glazer" title="Template talk:Jonathan Glazer"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Jonathan_Glazer" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Jonathan Glazer"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Films_directed_by_Jonathan_Glazer" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Films directed by <a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Glazer" title="Jonathan Glazer">Jonathan Glazer</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Sexy_Beast" title="Sexy Beast">Sexy Beast</a></i> (2000)</li> <li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Birth</a></i> (2004)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Under_the_Skin_(2013_film)" title="Under the Skin (2013 film)">Under the Skin</a></i> (2013)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Zone_of_Interest_(film)" title="The Zone of Interest (film)">The Zone of Interest</a></i> (2023)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Jean-Claude_Carrière" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Jean-Claude_Carri%C3%A8re" title="Template:Jean-Claude Carrière"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Jean-Claude_Carri%C3%A8re" title="Template talk:Jean-Claude Carrière"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Jean-Claude_Carri%C3%A8re" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Jean-Claude Carrière"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Jean-Claude_Carrière" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Jean-Claude_Carri%C3%A8re" title="Jean-Claude Carrière">Jean-Claude Carrière</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Films written</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Suitor" title="The Suitor">The Suitor</a></i> (1962)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Heureux_Anniversaire" title="Heureux Anniversaire">Heureux Anniversaire</a></i> (1962)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Diary_of_a_Chambermaid_(1964_film)" title="Diary of a Chambermaid (1964 film)">Diary of a Chambermaid</a></i> (1964)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yo_Yo" title="Yo Yo">Yo Yo</a></i> (1965)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Viva_Maria!" class="mw-redirect" title="Viva Maria!">Viva Maria!</a></i> (1965)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Attack_of_the_Robots" title="Attack of the Robots">Attack of the Robots</a></i> (1966)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Diabolical_Dr._Z" title="The Diabolical Dr. Z">The Diabolical Dr. Z</a></i> (1966)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/As_Long_as_You%27ve_Got_Your_Health" title="As Long as You've Got Your Health">As Long as You've Got Your Health</a></i> (1966)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hotel_Paradiso_(film)" title="Hotel Paradiso (film)">Hotel Paradiso</a></i> (1966)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Thief_of_Paris" title="The Thief of Paris">The Thief of Paris</a></i> (1967)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Belle_de_Jour_(film)" title="Belle de Jour (film)">Belle de Jour</a></i> (1967)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pour_un_amour_lointain" title="Pour un amour lointain">Pour un amour lointain</a></i> (1968)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Great_Love_(1969_film)" title="The Great Love (1969 film)">The Great Love</a></i> (1969)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Milky_Way_(1969_film)" title="The Milky Way (1969 film)">The Milky Way</a></i> (1969)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/La_Piscine_(film)" title="La Piscine (film)">La Piscine</a></i> (1969)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Borsalino_(film)" title="Borsalino (film)">Borsalino</a></i> (1970)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Un_peu_de_soleil_dans_l%27eau_froide" title="Un peu de soleil dans l'eau froide">Un peu de soleil dans l'eau froide</a></i> (1971)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Wedding_Ring_(1971_film)" title="The Wedding Ring (1971 film)">The Wedding Ring</a></i> (1971)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Taking_Off_(film)" title="Taking Off (film)">Taking Off</a></i> (1971)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Outside_Man" title="The Outside Man">The Outside Man</a></i> (1972)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Discreet_Charm_of_the_Bourgeoisie" title="The Discreet Charm of the Bourgeoisie">The Discreet Charm of the Bourgeoisie</a></i> (1972)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Liza_(1972_film)" title="Liza (1972 film)">Liza</a></i> (1972)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Monk_(1972_film)" title="The Monk (1972 film)">The Monk</a></i> (1972)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Phantom_of_Liberty" title="The Phantom of Liberty">The Phantom of Liberty</a></i> (1974)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Woman_in_Red_Boots" title="The Woman in Red Boots">The Woman in Red Boots</a></i> (1974)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Serious_as_Pleasure" title="Serious as Pleasure">Serious as Pleasure</a></i> (1975)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/La_Chair_de_l%27orchid%C3%A9e" title="La Chair de l'orchidée">La Chair de l'orchidée</a></i> (1975)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Weak_Spot" title="Weak Spot">Weak Spot</a></i> (1975)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Scrambled_Eggs_(1976_film)" title="Scrambled Eggs (1976 film)">Scrambled Eggs</a></i> (1976)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Le_Gang" title="Le Gang">Le Gang</a></i> (1977)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/That_Obscure_Object_of_Desire" title="That Obscure Object of Desire">That Obscure Object of Desire</a></i> (1977)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Butterfly_on_the_Shoulder" title="Butterfly on the Shoulder">Butterfly on the Shoulder</a></i> (1978)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Surprise_Sock" title="Surprise Sock">Surprise Sock</a></i> (1978)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jigsaw_(1979_film)" title="Jigsaw (1979 film)">Jigsaw</a></i> (1979)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Tin_Drum_(film)" title="The Tin Drum (film)">The Tin Drum</a></i> (1979)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Return_to_the_Beloved" title="Return to the Beloved">Return to the Beloved</a></i> (1979)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Associate_(1979_film)" title="The Associate (1979 film)">The Associate</a></i> (1979)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Every_Man_for_Himself_(1980_film)" title="Every Man for Himself (1980 film)">Every Man for Himself</a></i> (1980)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Return_of_Martin_Guerre" title="The Return of Martin Guerre">The Return of Martin Guerre</a></i> (1982)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Passion_(1982_film)" title="Passion (1982 film)">Passion</a></i> (1982)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_General_of_the_Dead_Army_(film)" title="The General of the Dead Army (film)">The General of the Dead Army</a></i> (1983)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Danton_(1983_film)" title="Danton (1983 film)">Danton</a></i> (1983)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Swann_in_Love_(film)" title="Swann in Love (film)">Swann in Love</a></i> (1984)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Exploits_of_a_Young_Don_Juan" title="Exploits of a Young Don Juan">Exploits of a Young Don Juan</a></i> (1986)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Last_Image" title="The Last Image">The Last Image</a></i> (1986)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Max,_Mon_Amour" title="Max, Mon Amour">Max, Mon Amour</a></i> (1986)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Unbearable_Lightness_of_Being_(film)" title="The Unbearable Lightness of Being (film)">The Unbearable Lightness of Being</a></i> (1988)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Possessed_(1988_film)" title="The Possessed (1988 film)">The Possessed</a></i> (1988)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Bengali_Night" title="The Bengali Night">The Bengali Night</a></i> (1988)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Valmont_(film)" title="Valmont (film)">Valmont</a></i> (1989)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hard_to_Be_a_God_(1989_film)" title="Hard to Be a God (1989 film)">Hard to Be a God</a></i> (1989)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Mahabharata_(1989_film)" title="The Mahabharata (1989 film)">The Mahabharata</a></i> (1989)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/May_Fools" title="May Fools">May Fools</a></i> (1990)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cyrano_de_Bergerac_(1990_film)" title="Cyrano de Bergerac (1990 film)">Cyrano de Bergerac</a></i> (1990)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/At_Play_in_the_Fields_of_the_Lord" title="At Play in the Fields of the Lord">At Play in the Fields of the Lord</a></i> (1991)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Return_of_Casanova" title="The Return of Casanova">The Return of Casanova</a></i> (1992)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Night_and_the_Moment" title="The Night and the Moment">The Night and the Moment</a></i> (1995)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Horseman_on_the_Roof" title="The Horseman on the Roof">The Horseman on the Roof</a></i> (1995)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Ogre_(1996_film)" title="The Ogre (1996 film)">The Ogre</a></i> (1996)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Box" title="Chinese Box">Chinese Box</a></i> (1997)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/War_in_the_Highlands" title="War in the Highlands">War in the Highlands</a></i> (1998)</li> <li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Birth</a></i> (2004)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Goya%27s_Ghosts" title="Goya's Ghosts">Goya's Ghosts</a></i> (2006)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ulzhan" title="Ulzhan">Ulzhan</a></i> (2007)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Artist_and_the_Model" title="The Artist and the Model">The Artist and the Model</a></i> (2012)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Patience_Stone_(film)" title="The Patience Stone (film)">The Patience Stone</a></i> (2012)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/In_the_Shadow_of_Women" title="In the Shadow of Women">In the Shadow of Women</a></i> (2015)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lover_for_a_Day" title="Lover for a Day">Lover for a Day</a></i> (2017)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Faithful_Man" title="A Faithful Man">A Faithful Man</a></i> (2018)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/At_Eternity%27s_Gate_(film)" title="At Eternity's Gate (film)">At Eternity's Gate</a></i> (2018)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Salt_of_Tears" title="The Salt of Tears">The Salt of Tears</a></i> (2020)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Crusade_(film)" title="The Crusade (film)">The Crusade</a></i> (2021)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Land_of_Dreams_(2021_film)" title="Land of Dreams (2021 film)">Land of Dreams</a></i> (2021)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Plough_(film)" title="The Plough (film)">The Plough</a></i> (2023)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Stage works</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Mahabharata_(play)" title="The Mahabharata (play)">The Mahabharata</a></i> (1985)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Clara_(opera)" title="Clara (opera)">Clara</a></i> (1998)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wagner_Dream" title="Wagner Dream">Wagner Dream</a></i> (2007)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">TV series written</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Adventures_of_Robinson_Crusoe_(TV_series)" title="The Adventures of Robinson Crusoe (TV series)">The Adventures of Robinson Crusoe</a></i> (1964)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Books written</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Power_of_Buddhism" title="The Power of Buddhism">The Power of Buddhism</a></i> (1999)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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