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<span>Description</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Description-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Distribution" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Distribution"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Distribution</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Distribution-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Uses_and_benefits" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Uses_and_benefits"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Uses and benefits</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Uses_and_benefits-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Uses and benefits subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Uses_and_benefits-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Food-value" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Food-value"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Food-value</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Food-value-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Culinary_use" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culinary_use"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.1</span> <span>Culinary use</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Culinary_use-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Medicinal_value" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Medicinal_value"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Medicinal value</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Medicinal_value-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ecological_value" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ecological_value"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Ecological value</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ecological_value-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Industrial_uses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Industrial_uses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Industrial uses</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Industrial_uses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Social_and_historical_implications" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Social_and_historical_implications"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>Social and historical implications</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Social_and_historical_implications-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Production" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Production"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Production</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Production-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Production subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Production-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Cultivation_area" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cultivation_area"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Cultivation area</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cultivation_area-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Yields" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Yields"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Yields</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Yields-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cultivars" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cultivars"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Cultivars</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cultivars-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Climate_and_soil_requirement" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate_and_soil_requirement"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Climate and soil requirement</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate_and_soil_requirement-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cultivation_technique" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cultivation_technique"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.5</span> <span>Cultivation technique</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cultivation_technique-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Propagation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Propagation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.5.1</span> <span>Propagation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Propagation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Field_establishment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Field_establishment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.5.2</span> <span>Field establishment</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Field_establishment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Plant_management" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Plant_management"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.5.3</span> <span>Plant management</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Plant_management-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Harvest_and_postharvest_treatment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Harvest_and_postharvest_treatment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.6</span> <span>Harvest and postharvest treatment</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Harvest_and_postharvest_treatment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button 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mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ricinodendron" title="Ricinodendron – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Ricinodendron" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ricinodendron" title="Ricinodendron – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Ricinodendron" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ricinodendron" title="Ricinodendron – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Ricinodendron" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a 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<tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Ricinodendron_heudelotii_trunk.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Ricinodendron_heudelotii_trunk.jpg/220px-Ricinodendron_heudelotii_trunk.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="338" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Ricinodendron_heudelotii_trunk.jpg/330px-Ricinodendron_heudelotii_trunk.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Ricinodendron_heudelotii_trunk.jpg/440px-Ricinodendron_heudelotii_trunk.jpg 2x" data-file-width="455" data-file-height="700" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)"> <th colspan="2"><div style="text-align: center"><a href="/wiki/Conservation_status" title="Conservation status">Conservation status</a></div> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><div style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-default-size skin-invert-image" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Status_iucn3.1_LC.svg/220px-Status_iucn3.1_LC.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="59" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Status_iucn3.1_LC.svg/330px-Status_iucn3.1_LC.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Status_iucn3.1_LC.svg/440px-Status_iucn3.1_LC.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="137" /></span></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Least_Concern" class="mw-redirect" title="Least Concern">Least Concern</a> <small> (<a href="/wiki/IUCN_Red_List" title="IUCN Red List">IUCN 3.1</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></small></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; min-width:15em; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)"><a href="/wiki/Taxonomy_(biology)" title="Taxonomy (biology)">Scientific classification</a> <span class="plainlinks taxobox-edit-taxonomy skin-invert" style="font-size:smaller; float:right; padding-right:0.4em; margin-left:-3em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Template:Taxonomy/Ricinodendron" title="Edit this classification"><img alt="Edit this classification" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/23px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/30px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span> </th></tr> <tr> <td>Kingdom: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Plant" title="Plant">Plantae</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Vascular_plant" title="Vascular plant">Tracheophytes</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Flowering_plant" title="Flowering plant">Angiosperms</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Eudicots" title="Eudicots">Eudicots</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rosids" title="Rosids">Rosids</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Order: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Malpighiales" title="Malpighiales">Malpighiales</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Family: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Euphorbiaceae" title="Euphorbiaceae">Euphorbiaceae</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Subfamily: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Crotonoideae" title="Crotonoideae">Crotonoideae</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Tribe: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ricinodendreae" title="Ricinodendreae">Ricinodendreae</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Genus: </td> <td><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><i>Ricinodendron</i></a><br /><small>Müll. Arg.</small> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Species: </td> <td><div style="display:inline" class="species"><i><b>R. heudelotii</b></i></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)"><a href="/wiki/Binomial_nomenclature" title="Binomial nomenclature">Binomial name</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><b><span class="binomial"><span style="font-weight:normal;"></span><i>Ricinodendron heudelotii</i></span></b><br /><div style="font-size: 85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Henri_Ernest_Baillon" title="Henri Ernest Baillon">Baill.</a>) <a href="/wiki/%C3%89douard_Marie_Heckel" title="Édouard Marie Heckel">Heckel</a><sup id="cite_ref-TPL_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TPL-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)">Subspecies and varieties </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: left"> <ul><li><i>Ricinodendron heudelotii</i> subsp. <i>africanum</i> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Johannes_M%C3%BCller_Argoviensis" title="Johannes Müller Argoviensis">Müll.Arg.</a>) <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean_Joseph_Gustave_L%C3%A9onard&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jean Joseph Gustave Léonard (page does not exist)">J.Léonard</a></small></li> <li><i>Ricinodendron heudelotii</i> var. <i>tomentellum</i> <small>(<a href="/wiki/John_Hutchinson_(botanist)" title="John Hutchinson (botanist)">Hutch.</a> & <a href="/wiki/Eileen_Adelaide_Bruce" title="Eileen Adelaide Bruce">E.A.Bruce</a>) <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alan_Radcliffe-Smith&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alan Radcliffe-Smith (page does not exist)">Radcl.-Sm.</a></small></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)"><a href="/wiki/Synonym_(taxonomy)" title="Synonym (taxonomy)">Synonyms</a><sup id="cite_ref-k_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-k-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: left"> <ul><li><i>Barrettia</i> <small><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Robertson_Sim" title="Thomas Robertson Sim">Sim</a></small></li> <li><i>Jatropha heudelotii</i> <small><a href="/wiki/Henri_Ernest_Baillon" title="Henri Ernest Baillon">Baill.</a></small><sup id="cite_ref-TPL_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TPL-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Ricinodendron africanum</i> <small><a href="/wiki/Johannes_M%C3%BCller_Argoviensis" title="Johannes Müller Argoviensis">Müll.Arg.</a></small></li> <li><i>Ricinodendron gracilius</i> <small><a href="/wiki/Johannes_Mildbraed" title="Johannes Mildbraed">Mildbr.</a></small></li> <li><i>Barrettia umbrosa</i> <small><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Robertson_Sim" title="Thomas Robertson Sim">Sim</a></small><sup id="cite_ref-TPL_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TPL-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Ricinodendron tomentellum</i> <small><a href="/wiki/John_Hutchinson_(botanist)" title="John Hutchinson (botanist)">Hutch.</a> & <a href="/wiki/Eileen_Adelaide_Bruce" title="Eileen Adelaide Bruce">E.A.Bruce</a></small></li> <li><i>Ricinodendron schliebenii</i> <small><a href="/wiki/Johannes_Mildbraed" title="Johannes Mildbraed">Mildbr.</a></small></li></ul> <p><i>Ricinodendron heudelotii</i> subsp. <i>heudelotii</i><sup id="cite_ref-TPL_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TPL-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </td></tr> </tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238732961">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:transparent}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:white}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.biota .taxobox-edit-taxonomy img{background:transparent!important}body.skin-vector .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox{margin-top:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox tr.taxonrow td{padding:2px 10px}</style> <p><i><b>Ricinodendron</b></i> is a <a href="/wiki/Plant" title="Plant">plant</a> <a href="/wiki/Genus" title="Genus">genus</a> in the family <a href="/wiki/Euphorbiaceae" title="Euphorbiaceae">Euphorbiaceae</a> first described as a genus in 1864.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It includes only one known species, <i><b>Ricinodendron heudelotii</b></i>, native to tropical <a href="/wiki/Africa" title="Africa">Africa</a> from <a href="/wiki/Senegal" title="Senegal">Senegal</a> + <a href="/wiki/Liberia" title="Liberia">Liberia</a> east to <a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan">Sudan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania">Tanzania</a> and south to <a href="/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique">Mozambique</a> and <a href="/wiki/Angola" title="Angola">Angola</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-k_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-k-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It produces an economically important oilseed. The tree is known as <b>munguella</b> (<a href="/wiki/Angola" title="Angola">Angola</a>), <b>njangsa</b> (<a href="/wiki/Cameroon" title="Cameroon">Cameroon</a>), <b>bofeko</b> (<a href="/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_Congo" class="mw-redirect" title="Democratic Republic of Congo">Democratic Republic of Congo</a>), <b>wama</b> (<a href="/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana">Ghana</a>), <b>okhuen</b> (<a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a>), <b>kishongo</b> (<a href="/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda">Uganda</a>), <b>akpi</b> (<a href="/wiki/Ivory_Coast" title="Ivory Coast">Ivory Coast</a>), <b>djansang</b>, <b>ọrùnmọdò</b> (<a href="/wiki/Yorubaland" title="Yorubaland">Yorubaland</a>), <b>essang</b>, <b>ezezang</b> and <b>njasang</b>. Two varieties of the tree species are recognized <i>R. heudelotii</i> var. <i>heudelotii</i> in Ghana and <i>R. heudelotii</i> var. <i>africanum</i> in Nigeria and westwards. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Taxonomy">Taxonomy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ricinodendron&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Taxonomy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The mongongo fruit (<i><a href="/wiki/Schinziophyton_rautanenii" class="mw-redirect" title="Schinziophyton rautanenii">Schinziophyton rautanenii</a></i>) was previously considered a member of this genus but has since been placed into a genus of its own. </p> <dl><dt>Subspecies and varieties<sup id="cite_ref-k_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-k-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-TPL_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TPL-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dt></dl> <ol><li><i>Ricinodendron heudelotii</i> subsp. <i>africanum</i> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Johannes_M%C3%BCller_Argoviensis" title="Johannes Müller Argoviensis">Müll.Arg.</a>) <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean_Joseph_Gustave_L%C3%A9onard&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jean Joseph Gustave Léonard (page does not exist)">J.Léonard</a></small> - tropical Africa from <a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a> east to Sudan and Tanzania and south to Mozambique and Angola</li> <li><i>Ricinodendron heudelotii</i> var. <i>tomentellum</i> <small>(<a href="/wiki/John_Hutchinson_(botanist)" title="John Hutchinson (botanist)">Hutch.</a> & <a href="/wiki/Eileen_Adelaide_Bruce" title="Eileen Adelaide Bruce">E.A.Bruce</a>) <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alan_Radcliffe-Smith&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alan Radcliffe-Smith (page does not exist)">Radcl.-Sm.</a></small> - <a href="/wiki/Kenya" title="Kenya">Kenya</a>, Tanzania</li></ol> <dl><dt>Formerly included<sup id="cite_ref-k_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-k-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dt></dl> <p>moved to <i><a href="/wiki/Schinziophyton" class="mw-redirect" title="Schinziophyton">Schinziophyton</a></i> </p> <ol><li><i>R. rautanenii</i> - <i><a href="/wiki/Schinziophyton_rautanenii" class="mw-redirect" title="Schinziophyton rautanenii">Schinziophyton rautanenii</a></i></li> <li><i>R. viticoides</i> - <i>Schinziophyton rautanenii</i></li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Description">Description</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ricinodendron&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Description"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The tree is fast growing and reaches a height between 20 and 50 m with a straight trunk which can have a diameter up to 2.7 m. Its crown is broad and the roots are big running. The bark is smooth with a grey colour. Inside, the bark is red when cut. </p><p>Njangsa is a <a href="/wiki/Dioecy" title="Dioecy">dioecious</a> plant. The flowers are yellowish white, 5 mm long and form a long terminal panicle which measures between 15 and 40 cm. Flowering time is between April and May. Male panicles are larger and slender than female flowers. </p><p>Njangsa trees produce a fruit that are typically two or three lobed and contain two cells in which the seeds lie. These seeds are red brown to black, rounded and some 1 cm in diameter. The seeds are oily in texture and can be bought either raw or dried. They have an odour reminiscent of oily chocolate, but their flavour is truly unique: subtly aromatic with a mild bitter <a href="/wiki/Aftertaste" title="Aftertaste">aftertaste</a>. At maturity (August - September) the fruit smells like over-ripe apples.<sup id="cite_ref-plender_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-plender-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Distribution">Distribution</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ricinodendron&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Distribution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Njangsa is endemic to <a href="/wiki/Tropical_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="Tropical Africa">tropical Africa</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-monograph_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-monograph-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The native geographic location of njangsa reaches from <a href="/wiki/Senegal" title="Senegal">Senegal</a> in West Africa to <a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan">Sudan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda">Uganda</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania">Tanzania</a>, and from Sudan down to the western coast of Sub-Saharan Africa to <a href="/wiki/Angola" title="Angola">Angola</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-plender_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-plender-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The tree is also found on <a href="/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar">Madagascar</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-monograph_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-monograph-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Njangsa grows generally in <a href="/wiki/Rain_forests" class="mw-redirect" title="Rain forests">rain forests</a> and is also typical for <a href="/wiki/Secondary_forests" class="mw-redirect" title="Secondary forests">secondary forests</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-monograph_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-monograph-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This tree is a light-demanding species.<sup id="cite_ref-plender_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-plender-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Therefore, it can also be found in <a href="/wiki/Deciduous_forests" class="mw-redirect" title="Deciduous forests">deciduous forests</a>, forest edges, secondary scrubs and thickets in semi-dry <a href="/wiki/Savannahs" class="mw-redirect" title="Savannahs">savannahs</a>. The tree is observed in food crop fields, cocoa farms and other <a href="/wiki/Agroforestry" title="Agroforestry">agroforestry</a> systems, where the trees can also intentionally be planted.<sup id="cite_ref-monograph_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-monograph-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Uses_and_benefits">Uses and benefits</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ricinodendron&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Uses and benefits"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Food-value">Food-value</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ricinodendron&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Food-value"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Njansang.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Njansang.jpg/220px-Njansang.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1d/Njansang.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="288" data-file-height="223" /></a><figcaption>Njansang is widely traded in Central and West Africa</figcaption></figure> <p>The edible parts of the plant are the high nutritive contents of the kernels. The dried and ground kernels are used as a flavouring agent in some dishes in West and Central Africa. The paste of the ground kernels is used to thicken soups and stews. Oil can be obtained from the kernels. Only a small amount of extracted seed oil is carried out. The oil has a yellowish colour and tastes similar to groundnut oil. Because of its high content of <a href="/wiki/Tocopherol" title="Tocopherol">γ-tocopherol</a>, the oil is very stable and becomes rancid only slowly.<sup id="cite_ref-monograph_7-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-monograph-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This oil is interesting as cooking oil and margarine.<sup id="cite_ref-monograph_7-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-monograph-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-manual_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-manual-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Constituent</th> <th>Quantity (%) </th></tr> <tr> <td>Water</td> <td>3.1 +/- 0.8 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Fatty acid</td> <td>47.4-55.30 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Crude protein</td> <td>24.3-65.2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Total carbohydrates</td> <td>5.6-9.3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Digestible carbohydrates</td> <td>5.6-9.3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Crude fibres</td> <td>8.9-9.3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ash</td> <td>10.5-17.8 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Nitrogen</td> <td>8.6 +/- 0.9 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Dry extracts</td> <td>97.8 </td></tr> <tr> <td>pH</td> <td>7.84 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Energy value</td> <td>495 kcal/100g </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Constituens of seeds</b> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Culinary_use">Culinary use</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ricinodendron&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Culinary use"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The seeds are usually dried for use as a flavouring agent in West and Central African food dishes.<sup id="cite_ref-monograph_7-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-monograph-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The whole seeds are pounded in a <a href="/wiki/Pestle_and_mortar" class="mw-redirect" title="Pestle and mortar">pestle and mortar</a> and the paste of ground seed is added as a <a href="/wiki/Thickener" class="mw-redirect" title="Thickener">thickener</a> for soups and <a href="/wiki/Stews" class="mw-redirect" title="Stews">stews</a>, or crumbled over rice as a flavouring. The spice from the seed is also sold in African markets, rolled into sausage shapes. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Medicinal_value">Medicinal value</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ricinodendron&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Medicinal value"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The extract from the bark of the tree is used by traditional doctors as an antidote against poison because the extracts are said to contain <a href="/wiki/Lupeol" title="Lupeol">lupeol</a>. It is also used to cure various diseases as cough, <a href="/wiki/Malaria" title="Malaria">malaria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yellow_fever" title="Yellow fever">yellow fever</a>, stomach pain, <a href="/wiki/Rheumatism" title="Rheumatism">rheumatism</a> etc. Other characteristics are aphrodisiac and anti-inflammatory properties. Seed husk and latex, leaf decoction and sap are also used to treat divers illnesses.<sup id="cite_ref-manual_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-manual-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ecological_value">Ecological value</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ricinodendron&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Ecological value"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Presence of njangsa helps to improve <a href="/wiki/Soil_quality" title="Soil quality">soil quality</a> because the roots are colonized by <a href="/wiki/Mycorrhizae" class="mw-redirect" title="Mycorrhizae">mycorrhizae</a> and because of its natural leaf litter. Burned kernel shells deliver potassium rich ash and the cake remaining after oil extraction from seeds has high nitrogen content. Both products can be used as fertilizer. Njangsa provides shade for humans, livestock and crops. Leaves can be used as fodder for livestock during dry seasons.<sup id="cite_ref-manual_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-manual-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Industrial_uses">Industrial uses</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ricinodendron&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Industrial uses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Oil obtained from dried kernel and ash can be used for soap and varnish production.<sup id="cite_ref-manual_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-manual-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Social_and_historical_implications">Social and historical implications</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ricinodendron&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Social and historical implications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In southern Cameroon, dried seeds are used for <a href="/wiki/Oware" title="Oware">oware</a>, a traditional <a href="/wiki/Mancala" title="Mancala">mancala game</a> called <i>songho</i><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Template:Which_lang" title="Template:Which lang"><span title="An editor could not identify the correct language for tagging this word or phrase. (July 2021)">what language is this?</span></a></i>]</sup> in Cameron; in the <a href="/wiki/Igbo_language" title="Igbo language">Igbo</a> language of Nigeria, both the game and the tree go by the name of <i>okwe</i> . In <a href="/wiki/Sierra_Leone" title="Sierra Leone">Sierra Leone</a> the seeds are used for rattles for <i>bundu</i><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Template:Which_lang" title="Template:Which lang"><span title="An editor could not identify the correct language for tagging this word or phrase. (July 2021)">what language is this?</span></a></i>]</sup> dances.<sup id="cite_ref-manual_8-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-manual-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Template:Which_lang" title="Template:Which lang"><span title="An editor could not identify the correct language for tagging this word or phrase. (July 2021)">what language is this?</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Production">Production</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ricinodendron&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Production"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cultivation_area">Cultivation area</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ricinodendron&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Cultivation area"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The main production area of njangsa is the humid forest zone of Cameroon.<sup id="cite_ref-monograph_7-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-monograph-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The tree is one of the most common seedlings seen in the more open parts of the forest. Consequently, the species is abundant in new farming clearings. During these clearings, farmers kept trees from this species.<sup id="cite_ref-manual_8-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-manual-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Yields">Yields</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ricinodendron&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Yields"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The kernel is economically the most important part of the tree. They are collected from the ground between September and October. Njangsa trees typically produce fruit every two to three years, however some trees produce them in less than a year. Each harvest yields up to 900 fruits and an average of 72 kg of kernels.<sup id="cite_ref-manual_8-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-manual-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cultivars">Cultivars</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ricinodendron&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Cultivars"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Njangsa is a new crop and only actively domesticated since 1995. The knowledge about the genetic diversity is therefore limited. Today, available information about genetic resources is so little that most improvements occur by plant breeding. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate_and_soil_requirement">Climate and soil requirement</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ricinodendron&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Climate and soil requirement"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Climatic condition</th> <th>Minimum</th> <th>Maximum </th></tr> <tr> <td>Altitude (m)</td> <td>100</td> <td>1250 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Rainfall (mm)</td> <td>1000</td> <td><3000 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Temperature (°C)</td> <td>18</td> <td>32 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Climatic requirement</b> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Characteristics</th> <th>Suitable habitat </th></tr> <tr> <td>Soil type (texture)</td> <td>Medium textured <a href="/wiki/Ultisol" title="Ultisol">ultisols</a> and <a href="/wiki/Oxisol" title="Oxisol">oxisols</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Topography</td> <td>Lowlands </td></tr> <tr> <td>Rooting depth</td> <td>Freely draining </td></tr> <tr> <td>Soil pH</td> <td>Acidic, pH 5-6 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Soil requirements</b> </p><p>Best germination success can be observed on a mixture of river sand and forest soil with a ratio of 1:3. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cultivation_technique">Cultivation technique</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ricinodendron&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Cultivation technique"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Propagation">Propagation</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ricinodendron&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Propagation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Propagation of njangsa is possible by seeds, by <a href="/wiki/Vegetative_propagation" class="mw-redirect" title="Vegetative propagation">vegetative propagation</a>, or by <a href="/wiki/Grafting" title="Grafting">grafting</a>. The advantage of propagation by seeds is that the tree develops a strong taproot. This is important for the stability of the tree as well as for big exploration zone for water and nutrient uptake. Because njangsa is dioecious, it is difficult to identify male and female trees before the reproductive phase. Because of high genetic variability, seeds may have different characteristics compared to the parent plant. Vegetative propagation allows reproducing trees with exactly the same characteristics as the selected female tree. Njangsa can also be propagated by grafting. A shoot or bud (the scion) is united with an already established rootstock. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Field_establishment">Field establishment</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ricinodendron&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Field establishment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The site should be cleared, especially if the trees are associated with other food crops. Then the young plants can be planted in planting holes separated by 10 m from each other. Before transplanting the plants, they need to spend at least six months under shade and need a minimal size of 20–30 cm. After planting, a 1 m high fence of palm fronds for shade should be established for the first two weeks. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Plant_management">Plant management</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ricinodendron&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Plant management"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Water:</b> The plants need to be watered abundantly after transplanting so that the plant can adapt to the new environment. To avoid high water losses by evaporation, a mulch layer can keep soil moisture.<sup id="cite_ref-manual_8-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-manual-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><b>Fertilizer:</b> The establishment and development of this fast growing tree can be improved by supplying it with enough nutrients through mineral fertilizer. </p><p><b>Husbandry:</b> As long as the plant is young, weeding is very important to reduce competition for water and nutrients, so that a fast growth and development is possible. </p><p><b>Pest and disease control:</b><sup id="cite_ref-monograph_7-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-monograph-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> No major disease are observed yet. But njangsa can be attacked by herbivores as <a href="/wiki/Caterpillars" class="mw-redirect" title="Caterpillars">caterpillars</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Lobobunaea_phaedusa" title="Lobobunaea phaedusa">Lobobunaea phaedusa</a></i>, <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Imbrasia_petiveri&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Imbrasia petiveri (page does not exist)">Imbrasia petiveri</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Imbrasia_obscura" title="Imbrasia obscura">Imbrasia obscura</a></i>, <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Imbrasia_melanops&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Imbrasia melanops (page does not exist)">Imbrasia melanops</a></i>). These caterpillars are edible and are therefore not treated with chemicals but collected as source of food protein. <a href="/wiki/Aphids" class="mw-redirect" title="Aphids">Aphids</a> can infest plants in nurseries. They are easy to detect because the leaves curl as result of an attack. These aphids can be controlled with a <a href="/wiki/Systemic_insecticide" class="mw-redirect" title="Systemic insecticide">systemic insecticide</a>. Once the trees are in the field for more than two years, treatments are no more necessary because of plant vigor. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Harvest_and_postharvest_treatment">Harvest and postharvest treatment</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ricinodendron&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Harvest and postharvest treatment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>First fruit harvest occurs after 6 to 7 years in forests or after 3 to 4 years in managed plantations. The fruits are picked up by hand from the ground once they are ripe enough to drop from the tree (September and October). To facilitate harvest, the ground under the tree should be cleared. Once harvested, the fruits are placed on a pile for two to three weeks so that the pulp is rotting faster and the seeds can be extracted easily. </p><p>Extracting the kernel from the pulp is a time-consuming process because of their hard shape. After boiling them in water, and cooling them down, the kernels are extracted one by one with a knife or nails. Then the kernels are sun or fire dried. Njangsa is stored as seed or as kernel. If they are well dried, they can be stored up to two years on a dry place.<sup id="cite_ref-manual_8-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-manual-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ricinodendron&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Henk_Jaap_Beentje" title="Henk Jaap Beentje">Beentje, H.J.</a>, Gereau, R.E., Hilton-Taylor, C., Howard, G., Kindeketa, W., Luke, W.R.Q., Maunder, M., Mwachala, G., Mwangoka, M., Ndangalasi, H., Njau, E.-F., Schatz, G.E., Siro Masinde, P. & Wilkins, V.L. (2020). <i>Ricinodendron heudelotii. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species</i> 2020: e.T62459A149002362. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2305%2FIUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T62459A149002362.en">10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T62459A149002362.en</a>. Downloaded on 27 March 2021.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-TPL-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-TPL_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TPL_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TPL_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TPL_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TPL_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">The Plant List (2013). Version 1.1. Published on the Internet; <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-178842">http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-178842</a> (accessed 22 September 2017).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-k-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-k_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-k_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-k_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-k_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/namedetail.do?name_id=178839">Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/55999#page/532/mode/1up">Müller Argoviensis, Johannes. 1864. Flora; oder, (allgemeine) botanische Zeitung 47: 533-534</a> in Latin</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tropicos.org/Name/40025842">Tropicos, <i>Ricinodendron</i> J. Mueller-Arg.</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-plender-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-plender_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-plender_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-plender_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPlenderleith1997" class="citation cs2">Plenderleith, K. (1997), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304053449/http://carpe.umd.edu/Documents/2000/report-plenderleith.pdf"><i><span></span></i>Ricinodendron heudelotii<i> - A State of Knowledge Study undertaken for the Central African Regional Program for the Environment</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>, Oxford, UK: Oxford Forestry Institute Department of Plant Sciences University of Oxford, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://carpe.umd.edu/Documents/2000/report-plenderleith.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2016-03-04<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-07-13</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ricinodendron+heudelotii+-+A+State+of+Knowledge+Study+undertaken+for+the+Central+African+Regional+Program+for+the+Environment&rft.place=Oxford%2C+UK&rft.pub=Oxford+Forestry+Institute+Department+of+Plant+Sciences+University+of+Oxford&rft.date=1997&rft.aulast=Plenderleith&rft.aufirst=K.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcarpe.umd.edu%2FDocuments%2F2000%2Freport-plenderleith.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARicinodendron" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-monograph-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-monograph_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-monograph_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-monograph_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-monograph_7-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-monograph_7-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-monograph_7-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-monograph_7-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-monograph_7-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-monograph_7-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTchoundjeuAtangana2006" class="citation book cs1">Tchoundjeu, Z.; Atangana, A.R. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cropsforthefuture.org/publication/Monographs/Ndjanssang%20monograph.pdf"><i>Mdjanssang - Ricinodendron heudelotii</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Southampton, UK: Southampton Centre for Underutilised Crops, University of Southampton. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0854328420" title="Special:BookSources/978-0854328420"><bdi>978-0854328420</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mdjanssang+-+Ricinodendron+heudelotii&rft.place=Southampton%2C+UK&rft.pub=Southampton+Centre+for+Underutilised+Crops%2C+University+of+Southampton&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0854328420&rft.aulast=Tchoundjeu&rft.aufirst=Z.&rft.au=Atangana%2C+A.R.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cropsforthefuture.org%2Fpublication%2FMonographs%2FNdjanssang%2520monograph.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARicinodendron" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-manual-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-manual_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-manual_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-manual_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-manual_8-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-manual_8-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-manual_8-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-manual_8-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-manual_8-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-manual_8-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSCUC2006" class="citation cs2">SCUC (2006), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cropsforthefuture.org/publication/Manuals/Ndjanssang%20extension%20manual.pdf"><i>Ndjanssang: Ricinodendron heudelotii, Field Manual for Extension Workers and Farmers</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>, Southampton, UK: Southampton Centre for Underutilised Crops, University of Southampton</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ndjanssang%3A+Ricinodendron+heudelotii%2C+Field+Manual+for+Extension+Workers+and+Farmers&rft.place=Southampton%2C+UK&rft.pub=Southampton+Centre+for+Underutilised+Crops%2C+University+of+Southampton&rft.date=2006&rft.au=SCUC&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cropsforthefuture.org%2Fpublication%2FManuals%2FNdjanssang%2520extension%2520manual.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARicinodendron" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ricinodendron&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output 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//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/27px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="941" data-file-height="1103" /></a></span> Data related to <a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:Search/Ricinodendron" class="extiw" title="wikispecies:Special:Search/Ricinodendron">Ricinodendron</a> at Wikispecies</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.celtnet.org.uk/recipes/miscellaneous/fetch-recipe.php?rid=misc-dry-rice-fish">Recipe for West African 'Dry Rice with Fish' incorporating njangsa</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cropsforthefuture.org/crop-of-the-week-archive/njangsa-ricinodendron-heudelotii-euphorbiaceae/">Crop of the Week: Njangsa (<i>Ricinodendron heudelotii</i>)</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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href="/wiki/Angelica_archangelica" title="Angelica archangelica">Angelica</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basil" title="Basil">Basil</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ocimum_tenuiflorum" title="Ocimum tenuiflorum">Holy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thai_basil" title="Thai basil">Thai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lemon_basil" title="Lemon basil">Lemon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bay_leaf" title="Bay leaf">Bay leaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinnamomum_tamala" title="Cinnamomum tamala">Indian bay leaf (<i>tejpat</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boldo" title="Boldo">Boldo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borage" title="Borage">Borage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chervil" title="Chervil">Chervil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chives" title="Chives">Chives</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allium_tuberosum" title="Allium tuberosum">garlic / Chinese</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cicely" title="Cicely">Cicely</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coriander" title="Coriander">Coriander leaf / Cilantro</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Porophyllum_ruderale" title="Porophyllum ruderale">Bolivian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persicaria_odorata" title="Persicaria odorata">Vietnamese (<i>rau răm</i>)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eryngium_foetidum" title="Eryngium foetidum">Culantro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garden_cress" title="Garden cress">Cress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curry_tree" title="Curry tree">Curry leaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dill" title="Dill">Dill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dysphania_ambrosioides" title="Dysphania ambrosioides">Epazote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hemp" title="Hemp">Hemp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piper_auritum" title="Piper auritum">Hoja santa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houttuynia_cordata" title="Houttuynia cordata"><i>Houttuynia cordata</i> (<i>giấp cá</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyssopus_officinalis" title="Hyssopus officinalis">Hyssop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jimbu" title="Jimbu">Jimbu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elsholtzia_ciliata" title="Elsholtzia ciliata">Kinh gioi (Vietnamese balm)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perilla_frutescens" title="Perilla frutescens">Kkaennip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lavandula_angustifolia" title="Lavandula angustifolia">Lavender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lemon_balm" title="Lemon balm">Lemon balm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cymbopogon" title="Cymbopogon">Lemon grass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Backhousia_citriodora" title="Backhousia citriodora">Lemon myrtle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aloysia_citrodora" title="Aloysia citrodora">Lemon verbena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limnophila_aromatica" title="Limnophila aromatica"><i>Limnophila aromatica</i> (rice-paddy herb)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lovage" title="Lovage">Lovage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marjoram" title="Marjoram">Marjoram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mentha" title="Mentha">Mint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mugwort" title="Mugwort">Mugwort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cryptotaenia_japonica" title="Cryptotaenia japonica">Mitsuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oregano" title="Oregano">Oregano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parsley" title="Parsley">Parsley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perilla" title="Perilla">Perilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosemary" title="Rosemary">Rosemary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruta_graveolens" title="Ruta graveolens">Rue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salvia_officinalis" title="Salvia officinalis">Sage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satureja" title="Satureja">Savory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zanthoxylum_piperitum" title="Zanthoxylum piperitum">Sanshō leaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shiso" title="Shiso">Shiso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sorrel" title="Sorrel">Sorrel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarragon" title="Tarragon">Tarragon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thyme" title="Thyme">Thyme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galium_odoratum" title="Galium odoratum">Woodruff</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Spice" title="Spice">Spices</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Green_laver" title="Green laver">Aonori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ajwain" title="Ajwain">Ajwain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alligator_pepper" title="Alligator pepper">Alligator pepper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allspice" title="Allspice">Allspice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amchoor" title="Amchoor">Amchoor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anise" title="Anise">Anise</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Illicium_verum" title="Illicium verum">star</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asafoetida" title="Asafoetida">Asafoetida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_pepper" title="Black pepper">Peppercorn (black/green/white)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schinus_terebinthifolia" title="Schinus terebinthifolia">Brazilian pepper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinnamomum_camphora" class="mw-redirect" title="Cinnamomum camphora">Camphor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caraway" title="Caraway">Caraway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cardamom" title="Cardamom">Cardamom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_cardamom" title="Black cardamom">black</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinnamomum_cassia" title="Cinnamomum cassia">Cassia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celery_powder" title="Celery powder">Celery powder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celery" title="Celery">Celery seed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buchanania_cochinchinensis" title="Buchanania cochinchinensis">Charoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chenpi" title="Chenpi">Chenpi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chili_pepper" title="Chili pepper">Chili</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chili_powder" title="Chili powder">Chili powder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cayenne_pepper" title="Cayenne pepper">Cayenne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chipotle" title="Chipotle">Chipotle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crushed_red_pepper" title="Crushed red pepper">Crushed red pepper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jalape%C3%B1o" title="Jalapeño">Jalapeño</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Mexico_chile" title="New Mexico chile">New Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabasco_pepper" title="Tabasco pepper">Tabasco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Capsicum_cultivars" title="List of Capsicum cultivars">Cultivars</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinnamon" title="Cinnamon">Cinnamon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clove" title="Clove">Clove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coriander" title="Coriander">Coriander seed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piper_cubeba" title="Piper cubeba">Cubeb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cumin" title="Cumin">Cumin</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Nigella_sativa" title="Nigella sativa">Nigella sativa</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bunium_persicum" class="mw-redirect" title="Bunium persicum">Bunium persicum</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perilla_frutescens" title="Perilla frutescens">Deulkkae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dill" title="Dill">Dill / Dill seed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fennel" title="Fennel">Fennel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fenugreek" title="Fenugreek">Fenugreek</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trigonella_caerulea" title="Trigonella caerulea">blue</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boesenbergia_rotunda" title="Boesenbergia rotunda">Fingerroot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galangal" title="Galangal">Galangal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alpinia_galanga" title="Alpinia galanga">greater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alpinia_officinarum" title="Alpinia officinarum">lesser</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garlic" title="Garlic">Garlic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ginger" title="Ginger">Ginger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaempferia_galanga" title="Kaempferia galanga">Aromatic ginger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heracleum_persicum" title="Heracleum persicum">Golpar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grains_of_paradise" title="Grains of paradise">Grains of paradise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grains_of_Selim" title="Grains of Selim">Grains of Selim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horseradish" title="Horseradish">Horseradish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zanthoxylum_piperitum" title="Zanthoxylum piperitum">Japanese pricklyash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juniper_berry" title="Juniper berry">Juniper berry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garcinia_indica" title="Garcinia indica">Kokum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aframomum_corrorima" title="Aframomum corrorima">Korarima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dried_lime" title="Dried lime">Dried lime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liquorice" title="Liquorice">Liquorice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Litsea_cubeba" title="Litsea cubeba">Litsea cubeba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_pepper" title="Long pepper">Long pepper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curcuma_amada" title="Curcuma amada">Mango-ginger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mastic_(plant_resin)" title="Mastic (plant resin)">Mastic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahleb" title="Mahleb">Mahleb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mustard_plant" title="Mustard plant">Mustard</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rhamphospermum_nigrum" title="Rhamphospermum nigrum">black</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brassica_juncea" title="Brassica juncea">brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_mustard" title="White mustard">white</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigella_sativa" title="Nigella sativa">Nigella</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Njangsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nutmeg" title="Nutmeg">Nutmeg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onion_powder" title="Onion powder">Onion powder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paprika" title="Paprika">Paprika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schinus_molle" title="Schinus molle">Peruvian pepper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pomegranate" title="Pomegranate">Pomegranate seed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poppy_seed" title="Poppy seed">Poppy seed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psammogeton_involucratus" title="Psammogeton involucratus">Radhuni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosa_%C3%97_damascena" title="Rosa × damascena">Rose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saffron" title="Saffron">Saffron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smilax_ornata" title="Smilax ornata">Sarsaparilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sassafras" title="Sassafras">Sassafras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sesame" title="Sesame">Sesame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shiso" title="Shiso">Shiso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sichuan_pepper" title="Sichuan pepper">Sichuan pepper (<i>huājiāo</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sumac" title="Sumac">Sumac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamarind" title="Tamarind">Tamarind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tasmannia_lanceolata" title="Tasmannia lanceolata">Tasmanian pepper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dipteryx_odorata" title="Dipteryx odorata">Tonka bean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turmeric" title="Turmeric">Turmeric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uzazi" title="Uzazi">Uzazi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanilla" title="Vanilla">Vanilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piper_borbonense" title="Piper borbonense">Voatsiperifery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wasabi" title="Wasabi">Wasabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuzu" title="Yuzu">Yuzu zest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curcuma_zedoaria" title="Curcuma zedoaria">Zedoary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berberis_vulgaris" title="Berberis vulgaris">Zereshk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zest_(ingredient)" title="Zest (ingredient)">Zest</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Spice_mix" title="Spice mix">Blends</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ajika" title="Ajika">Adjika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advieh" title="Advieh">Advieh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baharat" title="Baharat">Baharat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beau_Monde_seasoning" title="Beau Monde seasoning">Beau monde seasoning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berbere" title="Berbere">Berbere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bouquet_garni" title="Bouquet garni">Bouquet garni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buknu" title="Buknu">Buknu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaat_masala" title="Chaat masala">Chaat masala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tempering_(spices)" title="Tempering (spices)">Chaunk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinnamon_sugar" title="Cinnamon sugar">Cinnamon sugar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crab_boil" title="Crab boil">Crab boil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curry_powder" title="Curry powder">Curry powder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doubanjiang" title="Doubanjiang">Doubanjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douchi" title="Douchi">Douchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duqqa" title="Duqqa">Duqqa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fines_herbes" title="Fines herbes">Fines herbes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Five-spice_powder" title="Five-spice powder">Five-spice powder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garam_masala" title="Garam masala">Garam masala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garlic_powder" title="Garlic powder">Garlic powder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garlic_salt" title="Garlic salt">Garlic salt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gochujang" title="Gochujang">Gochujang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harissa" title="Harissa">Harissa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawaij" title="Hawaij">Hawaij</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbes_de_Provence" title="Herbes de Provence">Herbes de Provence</a></li> <li><span title="Vietnamese-language text"><i lang="vi"><a href="/wiki/H%C3%BAng_l%C3%ACu" title="Húng lìu">Húng lìu</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idli_podi" title="Idli podi">Idli podi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_seasoning" title="Italian seasoning">Italian seasoning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerk_(cooking)" title="Jerk (cooking)">Jamaican jerk spice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khmeli_suneli" title="Khmeli suneli">Khmeli suneli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lemon_pepper" title="Lemon pepper">Lemon pepper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitmita" title="Mitmita">Mitmita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mixed_spice" title="Mixed spice">Mixed spice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montreal_steak_seasoning" title="Montreal steak seasoning">Montreal steak seasoning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mulling_spices" title="Mulling spices">Mulling spices</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Bay_Seasoning" title="Old Bay Seasoning">Old Bay Seasoning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panch_phoron" title="Panch phoron">Panch phoron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persillade" title="Persillade">Persillade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Powder-douce" title="Powder-douce">Powder-douce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pumpkin_pie_spice" title="Pumpkin pie spice">Pumpkin pie spice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Q%C3%A2lat_daqqa" title="Qâlat daqqa">Qâlat daqqa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quatre_%C3%A9pices" title="Quatre épices">Quatre épices</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ras_el_hanout" title="Ras el hanout">Ras el hanout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recado_rojo" title="Recado rojo">Recado rojo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharena_sol" title="Sharena sol">Sharena sol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shichimi" title="Shichimi">Shichimi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabil" title="Tabil">Tabil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taj%C3%ADn_seasoning" title="Tajín seasoning">Tajin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tandoori_masala" title="Tandoori masala">Tandoori masala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thuna_paha" title="Thuna paha">Thuna paha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vadouvan" title="Vadouvan">Vadouvan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuzu_kosh%C5%8D" title="Yuzu koshō">Yuzu koshō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Za%27atar" title="Za'atar">Za'atar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_culinary_herbs_and_spices" title="List of culinary herbs and spices">Culinary</a></li> <li>By region <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Australian_herbs_and_spices" title="List of Australian herbs and spices">Australian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Bangladeshi_spices" title="List of Bangladeshi spices">Bangladeshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_spices" title="List of Indian spices">Indian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Pakistani_spices" title="List of Pakistani spices">Pakistani</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_herbology" title="Chinese herbology">Chinese herbology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbal_tea" title="Herbal tea">Herbal tea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marination" title="Marination">Marination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seasoning" title="Seasoning">Seasoning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spice_rub" title="Spice rub">Spice rub</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="African_cuisine" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:African_cuisine" title="Template:African cuisine"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:African_cuisine" title="Template talk:African cuisine"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:African_cuisine" title="Special:EditPage/Template:African cuisine"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="African_cuisine" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/African_cuisine" title="African cuisine">African cuisine</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National cuisines</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Algerian_cuisine" title="Algerian cuisine">Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angolan_cuisine" title="Angolan cuisine">Angola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benin_cuisine" title="Benin cuisine">Benin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Botswana_cuisine" title="Botswana cuisine">Botswana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burkinab%C3%A9_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Burkinabé cuisine">Burkina Faso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burundian_cuisine" title="Burundian cuisine">Burundi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cameroonian_cuisine" title="Cameroonian cuisine">Cameroon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Verdean_cuisine" title="Cape Verdean cuisine">Cape Verde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_the_Central_African_Republic" title="Cuisine of the Central African Republic">Central African Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chadian_cuisine" title="Chadian cuisine">Chad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comorian_cuisine" title="Comorian cuisine">Comoros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congolese_cuisine" title="Congolese cuisine">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djiboutian_cuisine" title="Djiboutian cuisine">Djibouti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_cuisine" title="Egyptian cuisine">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Equatorial_Guinea" title="Cuisine of Equatorial Guinea">Equatorial Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eritrean_cuisine" title="Eritrean cuisine">Eritrea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Eswatini" title="Cuisine of Eswatini">Eswatini (Swaziland)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_cuisine" title="Ethiopian cuisine">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabonese_cuisine" title="Gabonese cuisine">Gabon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gambian_cuisine" title="Gambian cuisine">Gambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghanaian_cuisine" title="Ghanaian cuisine">Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Guinea" title="Cuisine of Guinea">Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guinea-Bissauan_cuisine" title="Guinea-Bissauan cuisine">Guinea-Bissau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivorian_cuisine" title="Ivorian cuisine">Ivory Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenyan_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Kenyan cuisine">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Lesotho" title="Cuisine of Lesotho">Lesotho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberian_cuisine" title="Liberian cuisine">Liberia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libyan_cuisine" title="Libyan cuisine">Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malagasy_cuisine" title="Malagasy cuisine">Madagascar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malawian_cuisine" title="Malawian cuisine">Malawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malian_cuisine" title="Malian cuisine">Mali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauritanian_cuisine" title="Mauritanian cuisine">Mauritania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Mauritius" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuisine of Mauritius">Mauritius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moroccan_cuisine" title="Moroccan cuisine">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Mozambique" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuisine of Mozambique">Mozambique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namibian_cuisine" title="Namibian cuisine">Namibia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Niger" title="Cuisine of Niger">Niger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigerian_cuisine" title="Nigerian cuisine">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congolese_cuisine" title="Congolese cuisine">Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rwandan_cuisine" title="Rwandan cuisine">Rwanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Saint_Helena" title="Cuisine of Saint Helena">Saint Helena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe" title="Cuisine of São Tomé and Príncipe">São Tomé and Príncipe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senegalese_cuisine" title="Senegalese cuisine">Senegal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seychellois_cuisine" title="Seychellois cuisine">Seychelles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sierra_Leonean_cuisine" title="Sierra Leonean cuisine">Sierra Leone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somali_cuisine" title="Somali cuisine">Somalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_cuisine" title="South African cuisine">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Sudanese_cuisine" title="South Sudanese cuisine">South Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudanese_cuisine" title="Sudanese cuisine">Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanzanian_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Tanzanian cuisine">Tanzania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Togolese_cuisine" title="Togolese cuisine">Togo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunisian_cuisine" title="Tunisian cuisine">Tunisia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ugandan_cuisine" title="Ugandan cuisine">Uganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Saharan_cuisine" title="Western Saharan cuisine">Western Sahara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zambian_cuisine" title="Zambian cuisine">Zambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zimbabwean_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Zimbabwean cuisine">Zimbabwe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ethnic and regional cuisines</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arab_cuisine" title="Arab cuisine">Arab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berber_cuisine" title="Berber cuisine">Berber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_cuisine" title="Jewish cuisine">Jewish</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Jewish_cuisine" title="Ethiopian Jewish cuisine">Ethiopian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_the_Mizrahi_Jews" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuisine of the Mizrahi Jews">Mizrahi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sephardi_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Sephardi cuisine">Sephardi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maghrebi_cuisine" title="Maghrebi cuisine">Maghrebi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_cuisine" title="Mediterranean cuisine">Mediterranean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_African_cuisine" title="West African cuisine">West African</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zanzibari_cuisine" title="Zanzibari cuisine">Zanzibar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_African_cuisines" title="List of African cuisines">List of African cuisines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_African_dishes" title="List of African dishes">List of African dishes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:African_cuisine" title="Category:African cuisine">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Taxon_identifiers" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Taxon_identifiers" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Taxon_identifiers" title="Help:Taxon identifiers">Taxon identifiers</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><i>Ricinodendron</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7331166" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q7331166">Q7331166</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikispecies" title="Wikispecies">Wikispecies</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Ricinodendron" class="extiw" title="wikispecies:Ricinodendron">Ricinodendron</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">APDB: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://africanplantdatabase.ch/en/nomen/194441">194441</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">BioLib: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biolib.cz/en/taxon/id105987">105987</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Catalogue_of_Life" title="Catalogue of Life">CoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/8W35X">8W35X</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_of_Life" title="Encyclopedia of Life">EoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eol.org/pages/32310">32310</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/EPPO_Code" title="EPPO Code">EPPO</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/1RIDG">1RIDG</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Global_Biodiversity_Information_Facility" title="Global Biodiversity Information Facility">GBIF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gbif.org/species/3071631">3071631</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Germplasm_Resources_Information_Network" title="Germplasm Resources Information Network">GRIN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomygenus.aspx?id=10478">10478</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/INaturalist" title="INaturalist">iNaturalist</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://inaturalist.org/taxa/181218">181218</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/International_Plant_Names_Index" title="International Plant Names Index">IPNI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ipni.org/n/15857-1">15857-1</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Interim_Register_of_Marine_and_Nonmarine_Genera" title="Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera">IRMNG</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irmng.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1074600">1074600</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Integrated_Taxonomic_Information_System" title="Integrated Taxonomic Information System">ITIS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=500758">500758</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Center_for_Biotechnology_Information" title="National Center for Biotechnology Information">NCBI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&id=316918">316918</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Open_Tree_of_Life" title="Open Tree of Life">Open Tree of Life</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tree.opentreeoflife.org/taxonomy/browse?id=982283">982283</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Natural_Resources_Conservation_Service#Plants" title="Natural Resources Conservation Service">PLANTS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://plants.sc.egov.usda.gov/plant-profile/RICIN2">RICIN2</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Plants_of_the_World_Online" title="Plants of the World Online">POWO</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn%3Alsid%3Aipni.org%3Anames%3A15857-1">urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:15857-1</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Tropicos" title="Tropicos">Tropicos</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://legacy.tropicos.org/Name/40025842">40025842</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">uBio: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ubio.org/browser/details.php?namebankID=471756">471756</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/World_Flora_Online" title="World Flora Online">WFO</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://list.worldfloraonline.org/wfo-4000033250">wfo-4000033250</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><i>Ricinodendron heudelotii</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2829132" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q2829132">Q2829132</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikispecies" title="Wikispecies">Wikispecies</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Ricinodendron_heudelotii" class="extiw" title="wikispecies:Ricinodendron heudelotii">Ricinodendron heudelotii</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">APDB: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://africanplantdatabase.ch/en/nomen/174117">174117</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Catalogue_of_Life" title="Catalogue of Life">CoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4T248">4T248</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Ecocrop" title="Ecocrop">Ecocrop</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ecocrop.review.fao.org/ecocrop/srv/en/cropView?id=9291">9291</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_of_Life" title="Encyclopedia of Life">EoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eol.org/pages/1151098">1151098</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/EPPO_Code" title="EPPO Code">EPPO</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/RIDHE">RIDHE</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Global_Biodiversity_Information_Facility" title="Global Biodiversity Information Facility">GBIF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gbif.org/species/3071632">3071632</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Germplasm_Resources_Information_Network" title="Germplasm Resources Information Network">GRIN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?id=403615">403615</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/INaturalist" title="INaturalist">iNaturalist</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://inaturalist.org/taxa/338839">338839</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/International_Plant_Names_Index" title="International Plant Names Index">IPNI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ipni.org/n/1016790-1">1016790-1</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Interim_Register_of_Marine_and_Nonmarine_Genera" title="Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera">IRMNG</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irmng.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=10243970">10243970</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/IUCN_Red_List" title="IUCN Red List">IUCN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apiv3.iucnredlist.org/api/v3/taxonredirect/62459">62459</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Center_for_Biotechnology_Information" title="National Center for Biotechnology Information">NCBI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&id=316919">316919</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Open_Tree_of_Life" title="Open Tree of Life">Open Tree of Life</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tree.opentreeoflife.org/taxonomy/browse?id=976414">976414</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/The_Plant_List" title="The Plant List">Plant List</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-178842">kew-178842</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Plants_of_the_World_Online" title="Plants of the World Online">POWO</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn%3Alsid%3Aipni.org%3Anames%3A1016790-1">urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:1016790-1</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Tropicos" title="Tropicos">Tropicos</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://legacy.tropicos.org/Name/12804267">12804267</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">uBio: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ubio.org/browser/details.php?namebankID=5881278">5881278</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/World_Flora_Online" title="World Flora Online">WFO</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://list.worldfloraonline.org/wfo-0000297055">wfo-0000297055</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a>: National <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7331166#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" 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