Development and disintegration of Maya political systems in response to climate change

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usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message"> Name must be less than 100 characters </div> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap existing-collections-controls"> <label for="collections-action-panel-add-to-existing" class="action-panel-label"> Choose a collection: </label> <select id="collections-action-panel-add-to-existing" class="action-panel-selector collections-action-add-to-existing" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="select_collection" data-ga-label="($('#collections-action-add-to-existing').val() === 'Favorites') ? 'Favorites' : 'non_favorites_collection'"> </select> <div class="collections-retry-load-on-error usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message"> Unable to load your collection due to an error<br> <a href="#">Please try again</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="action-panel-actions"> <button class="action-panel-submit" type="submit" data-loading-label="Adding..." data-pinger-ignore data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="collections" data-ga-label="add"> Add </button> <button class="action-panel-cancel" aria-label="Close 'Add to Collections' panel" ref="linksrc=close_collections_panel" aria-controls="collections-action-panel" aria-expanded="false" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="collections" data-ga-label="cancel"> Cancel </button> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div id="bibliography-action-panel" class="bibliography-action-panel action-panel in-progress-dots-panel" aria-hidden="true" data-bibliography-open-panel-enabled="false" data-bibliography-open-panel-url-hash="#open-bibliography-panel"> <div class="inner-wrap"> <h3 class="action-panel-heading"> Add to My Bibliography </h3> <form id="bibliography-action-panel-form" class="bibliography-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form action-panel-smaller-selectors" data-add-to-bibliography-max-amount="100" data-add-to-bibliography-batch-size="10" data-bibliography-delegates-url="/list-bibliography-delegates/" data-add-to-bibliography-url="/add-to-bibliography/" data-get-article-ids-by-search-url="/get-article-ids-by-search/" data-mybib-root-url="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/collections/mybibliography/"> <input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="pVY10bTctmhaXC6usrKxcos9Nh5cau5CstHjiFZe5DPBQCt7ONOynM8QRjvWjiqf"> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap bibliographies-controls"> <div class="choice-group"> <ul class="bibliographies-action-add radio-group-items"> <li> <input name="bibliography" id="my-bibliography" class="my-bibliography" type="radio" checked/> <label for="my-bibliography">My Bibliography</label> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="bibliographies-retry-load-on-error usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message"> Unable to load your delegates due to an error<br> <a href="#">Please try again</a> </div> <div class="action-panel-actions"> <button class="action-panel-submit" type="submit" data-loading-label="Adding..." data-pinger-ignore> Add </button> <button class="action-panel-cancel" aria-label="Close 'Add to bibliography' panel" ref="linksrc=close_bibliography_panel" aria-controls="bibliography-action-panel" aria-expanded="false" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="mybib" data-ga-label="cancel"> Cancel </button> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div id="saved-search-action-panel" class="saved-search-action-panel action-panel " aria-hidden="true" data-saved-search-open-panel-enabled="false" data-saved-search-open-panel-url-hash="#open-saved-search-panel"> <div class="inner-wrap"> <h2 class="action-panel-heading"> Your saved search </h2> <form id="saved-search-action-panel-form" class="saved-search-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form" data-create-saved-search-url="/create-saved-search/" data-try-search-terms-url="/try-search-term/" data-saved-search-root-url="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/searches/"> <input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="pVY10bTctmhaXC6usrKxcos9Nh5cau5CstHjiFZe5DPBQCt7ONOynM8QRjvWjiqf"> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap"> <label for="saved-search-name" class="action-panel-label saved-search-name-label required-field-asterisk"> Name of saved search: </label> <input maxlength="200" type="text" name="saved-search-name" id="saved-search-name" class="saved-search-name" value="" required pattern="[^"&=<>\/]*" title="The following characters are not allowed in the Name field: "&=<>/"> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap"> <label for="saved-search-term" class="action-panel-label required-field-asterisk"> Search terms: </label> <textarea name="saved-search-term" id="saved-search-term" class="saved-search-term" required></textarea> </div> <div class="test-search-term-wrap"> <a href="#" class="try-search-term">Test search terms</a> </div> <div class="choice-group action-panel-extra-margin-top"> <span class="action-panel-label" id="fieldset-label"> Would you like email updates of new search results? </span> <fieldset id="saved-search-alert" aria-describedby="fieldset-label"> <legend class="usa-sr-only">Saved Search Alert Radio Buttons</legend> <ul class="radio-group-items"> <li> <input type="radio" id="saved-search-alert-yes" class="saved-search-alert-yes" name="saved-search-alert" value="yes" checked> <label for="saved-search-alert-yes" class="action-panel-label">Yes</label> </li> <li> <input aria-label="No radio input" type="radio" id="saved-search-alert-no" class="saved-search-alert-no" name="saved-search-alert" value="no"> <label for="saved-search-alert-no" class="action-panel-label">No</label> </li> </ul> </fieldset> </div> <div class="alert-schedule-wrap"> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap"> <label class="action-panel-label"> Email: </label> <span aria-label="Email address" id="saved-search-email" class="action-panel-label"><span class="action-panel-label-bold"></span> (<a class="myncbi-account-settings" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/account/settings/">change</a>)</span> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap action-panel-extra-margin-top"> <label for="saved-search-frequency" class="action-panel-label"> Frequency: </label> <select id="saved-search-frequency" class="no-border-panel-selector saved-search-frequency"> <option value="monthly">Monthly</option> <option value="weekly">Weekly</option> <option value="daily">Daily</option> </select> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap saved-search-monthly-additional"> <label for="saved-search-monthly-on-day" class="action-panel-label"> Which day? </label> <select id="saved-search-monthly-on-day" class="no-border-panel-selector"> <option value="Sunday">The first Sunday</option> <option value="Monday">The first Monday</option> <option value="Tuesday">The first Tuesday</option> <option value="Wednesday">The first Wednesday</option> <option value="Thursday">The first Thursday</option> <option value="Friday">The first Friday</option> <option value="Saturday">The first Saturday</option> <option value="day">The first day</option> <option value="weekday">The first weekday</option> </select> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap saved-search-weekly-additional"> <label for="saved-search-weekly-on-day" class="action-panel-label"> Which day? </label> <select id="saved-search-weekly-on-day" class="no-border-panel-selector saved-search-weekly-on-day"> <option value="Sunday">Sunday</option> <option value="Monday">Monday</option> <option value="Tuesday">Tuesday</option> <option value="Wednesday">Wednesday</option> <option value="Thursday">Thursday</option> <option value="Friday">Friday</option> <option value="Saturday">Saturday</option> </select> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap"> <label for="saved-search-report" class="action-panel-label"> Report format: </label> <select id="saved-search-report" class="no-border-panel-selector saved-search-report"> <option value="DocSum">Summary</option> <option value="DocSumText">Summary (text)</option> <option value="Abstract">Abstract</option> <option value="AbstractText">Abstract (text)</option> <option value="MEDLINE">PubMed</option> </select> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap"> <label for="saved-search-amount" class="action-panel-label"> Send at most: </label> <select id="saved-search-amount" class="no-border-panel-selector saved-search-amount"> <option value="1">1 item</option> <option value="5" selected>5 items</option> <option value="10">10 items</option> <option value="20">20 items</option> <option value="50">50 items</option> <option value="100">100 items</option> <option value="200">200 items</option> </select> </div> <div> <input type="checkbox" id="saved-search-send-if-no-result" class="saved-search-send-if-no-result" name="saved-search-send-if-no-result"> <label for="saved-search-send-if-no-result" class="action-panel-label smaller-checkbox"> Send even when there aren't any new results </label> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap option-text-in-email-wrap"> <label for="saved-search-email-text" class="action-panel-label"> Optional text in email: </label> <textarea name="saved-search-email-text" id="saved-search-email-text" class="saved-search-email-text"></textarea> </div> </div> <div class="action-panel-actions"> <button class="action-panel-submit" type="submit" data-loading-label="Saving..." data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="alert" data-ga-label="save"> Save </button> <button class="action-panel-cancel" aria-label="Close 'Your saved search' panel" ref="linksrc=close_saved_search_panel" aria-controls="saved-search-action-panel" aria-expanded="false" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="alert" data-ga-label="cancel"> Cancel </button> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div id="citation-manager-action-panel" class="citation-manager-action-panel action-panel" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="inner-wrap"> <h2 class="action-panel-heading"> Create a file for external citation management software </h2> <form id="citation-manager-action-panel-form" class="action-panel-content action-form" action="/results-export-ids/" data-by-search-action="/results-export-search-data/" data-by-ids-action="/results-export-ids/" method="post" data-by-search-method="post" data-by-ids-method="post"> <input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="pVY10bTctmhaXC6usrKxcos9Nh5cau5CstHjiFZe5DPBQCt7ONOynM8QRjvWjiqf"> <input name="results-format" type="hidden" value="pubmed"/> <div class="action-panel-actions"> <button class="action-panel-submit" type="submit" data-loading-label="Sending..." data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="citation_manager" data-ga-label="save"> Create file </button> <button class="action-panel-cancel" aria-label="Close 'Send citations to citation manager' panel" ref="linksrc=close_citation_manager_panel" aria-controls="citation-manager-action-panel" aria-expanded="false" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="citation_manager" data-ga-label="cancel"> Cancel </button> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div id="rss-action-panel" class="rss-action-panel action-panel " aria-hidden="true"> <div class="inner-wrap"> <h2 class="action-panel-heading"> Your RSS Feed </h2> <form id="rss-action-panel-form" class="rss-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form" data-create-rss-feed-url="/create-rss-feed-url/" data-search-form-term-value=""> <input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="pVY10bTctmhaXC6usrKxcos9Nh5cau5CstHjiFZe5DPBQCt7ONOynM8QRjvWjiqf"> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap"> <label for="rss-name" class="action-panel-label required-field-asterisk"> Name of RSS Feed: </label> <input maxlength="200" placeholder="Name" type="text" name="rss-name" id="rss-name" class="rss-name" value='' required pattern="[^"&=<>\/]*" title="The following characters are not allowed in the Name field: "&=<>/"> </div> <div class="rss-limit-wrap"> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap action-panel-extra-margin-top"> <label for="rss-limit" class="action-panel-label"> Number of items displayed: </label> <select id="rss-limit" class="no-border-panel-selector rss-limit"> <option value="5">5</option> <option value="10">10</option> <option value="15" selected="selected">15</option> <option value="20">20</option> <option value="50">50</option> <option value="100">100</option> </select> </div> </div> <div class="action-panel-actions"> <button class="action-panel-submit" type="submit" data-loading-label="Creating..." data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="alert" data-ga-label="save"> Create RSS </button> 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data-myncbi-max-collection-name-length="100" data-collections-root-url="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/collections/"><input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="pVY10bTctmhaXC6usrKxcos9Nh5cau5CstHjiFZe5DPBQCt7ONOynM8QRjvWjiqf"><div class="choice-group" role="radiogroup"><ul class="radio-group-items"><li><input type="radio" id="collections-action-dialog-new" class="collections-new" name="collections" value="new" data-ga-category="collections_button" data-ga-action="click" data-ga-label="collections_radio_new"><label for="collections-action-dialog-new">Create a new collection</label></li><li><input type="radio" id="collections-action-dialog-existing" class="collections-existing" name="collections" value="existing" checked="true" data-ga-category="collections_button" data-ga-action="click" data-ga-label="collections_radio_existing"><label for="collections-action-dialog-existing">Add to an existing collection</label></li></ul></div><div class="controls-wrapper"><div 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class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref ="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term='"Science"[jour]' data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label='"Science"[jour]' href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div><span class="period">. </span><span class="cit">2012 Nov 9;338(6108):788-91.</span> </div> <span class="citation-doi"> doi: 10.1126/science.1226299. </span> </div> <h1 class="heading-title"> Development and disintegration of Maya political systems in response to climate change </h1> <div class="inline-authors"> <div class="authors"> <div class="authors-list"> <span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Kennett+DJ&cauthor_id=23139330" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Douglas J Kennett">Douglas J Kennett</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Anthropology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA. djk23@psu.edu" href="#full-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 1 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Breitenbach+SF&cauthor_id=23139330" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Sebastian F M Breitenbach">Sebastian F M Breitenbach</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Aquino+VV&cauthor_id=23139330" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Valorie V Aquino">Valorie V Aquino</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Asmerom+Y&cauthor_id=23139330" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Yemane Asmerom">Yemane Asmerom</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Awe+J&cauthor_id=23139330" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Jaime Awe">Jaime Awe</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Baldini+JU&cauthor_id=23139330" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="James U L Baldini">James U L Baldini</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Bartlein+P&cauthor_id=23139330" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Patrick Bartlein">Patrick Bartlein</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Culleton+BJ&cauthor_id=23139330" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" 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class="full-name" href="/?term=Marwan+N&cauthor_id=23139330" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Norbert Marwan">Norbert Marwan</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Polyak+V&cauthor_id=23139330" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Victor Polyak">Victor Polyak</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Prufer+KM&cauthor_id=23139330" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Keith M Prufer">Keith M Prufer</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Ridley+HE&cauthor_id=23139330" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Harriet E Ridley">Harriet E Ridley</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Sodemann+H&cauthor_id=23139330" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Harald Sodemann">Harald Sodemann</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Winterhalder+B&cauthor_id=23139330" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Bruce Winterhalder">Bruce Winterhalder</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Haug+GH&cauthor_id=23139330" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Gerald H Haug">Gerald H Haug</a></span> </div> </div> </div> <div class="short-article-details"> Affiliations <button class="more-details" id="toggle-authors" data-alt-text="Collapse" 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<span class="citation-doi"> doi: 10.1126/science.1226299. </span> </div> <div class="expanded-authors" id="short-view-expanded-authors"> <div class="authors"> <h3 class="title"> Authors </h3> <div class="authors-list"> <span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Kennett+DJ&cauthor_id=23139330" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Douglas J Kennett">Douglas J Kennett</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Anthropology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA. djk23@psu.edu" href="#short-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 1 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Breitenbach+SF&cauthor_id=23139330" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Sebastian F M Breitenbach">Sebastian F M Breitenbach</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Aquino+VV&cauthor_id=23139330" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Valorie V Aquino">Valorie V Aquino</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Asmerom+Y&cauthor_id=23139330" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Yemane Asmerom">Yemane Asmerom</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Awe+J&cauthor_id=23139330" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Jaime Awe">Jaime Awe</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Baldini+JU&cauthor_id=23139330" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="James U L Baldini">James U L Baldini</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Bartlein+P&cauthor_id=23139330" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Patrick Bartlein">Patrick Bartlein</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Culleton+BJ&cauthor_id=23139330" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Brendan J Culleton">Brendan J Culleton</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Ebert+C&cauthor_id=23139330" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Claire Ebert">Claire Ebert</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Jazwa+C&cauthor_id=23139330" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Christopher Jazwa">Christopher Jazwa</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Macri+MJ&cauthor_id=23139330" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Martha J Macri">Martha J Macri</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Marwan+N&cauthor_id=23139330" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Norbert Marwan">Norbert Marwan</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Polyak+V&cauthor_id=23139330" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Victor Polyak">Victor Polyak</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Prufer+KM&cauthor_id=23139330" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Keith M Prufer">Keith M Prufer</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Ridley+HE&cauthor_id=23139330" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Harriet E Ridley">Harriet E Ridley</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Sodemann+H&cauthor_id=23139330" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Harald Sodemann">Harald Sodemann</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Winterhalder+B&cauthor_id=23139330" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Bruce Winterhalder">Bruce Winterhalder</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Haug+GH&cauthor_id=23139330" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Gerald H Haug">Gerald H Haug</a></span> </div> </div> <div class="affiliations"> <h3 class="title"> Affiliation </h3> <ul class="item-list"> <li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-1" id="short-view-affiliation-1" ><sup class="key">1</sup> Department of Anthropology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA. djk23@psu.edu</li> </ul> </div> </div> <ul class="identifiers" id="short-view-identifiers"> <li> <span class="identifier pubmed"> <span class="id-label"> PMID: </span> <strong class="current-id" title="PubMed ID">23139330</strong> </span> </li> <li> <span class="identifier doi"> <span class="id-label"> DOI: </span> <a class="id-link" target="_blank" rel="noopener" ref="linksrc=article_id_link&article_id=10.1126/science.1226299&id_type=DOI" href="https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1226299" data-ga-category="full_text" data-ga-action="DOI" > 10.1126/science.1226299 </a> </span> </li> </ul> <div class="in-clipboard-label " hidden> Item in Clipboard </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="actions-buttons inline"><div class="inner-wrap"><button class="full-text-links-button full-text-links-dialog-trigger" title="Open dialog with full text links" ref="linksrc=full_text_links"> Full text links </button><button class="citation-button citation-dialog-trigger" aria-label="Open dialog with citation text in different styles" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="cite" data-ga-label="open" data-all-citations-url="/23139330/citations/" data-citation-style="nlm" data-pubmed-format-link="/23139330/export/"><span class="button-label">Cite</span></button><button 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class="abstract-content selected" id="eng-abstract"> <p> The role of climate change in the development and demise of Classic Maya civilization (300 to 1000 C.E.) remains controversial because of the absence of well-dated climate and archaeological sequences. We present a precisely dated subannual climate record for the past 2000 years from Yok Balum Cave, Belize. From comparison of this record with historical events compiled from well-dated stone monuments, we propose that anomalously high rainfall favored unprecedented population expansion and the proliferation of political centers between 440 and 660 C.E. This was followed by a drying trend between 660 and 1000 C.E. that triggered the balkanization of polities, increased warfare, and the asynchronous disintegration of polities, followed by population collapse in the context of an extended drought between 1020 and 1100 C.E. </p> </div> </div> <p class="disclaimer" id="disclaimer"> <a href="/disclaimer/" target="_blank" ga_category="literature_resources" ga_action="disclaimer_link" ga_label="under_abstract">PubMed Disclaimer</a> </p> <div class="similar-articles" id="similar"> <h2 class="title"> Similar articles </h2> <ul class="articles-list" id="similar-articles-list"> <li class="full-docsum"> <div class="docsum-content" style="display:inline;"> <a class="docsum-title" href="/23139304/" ref="article_id=23139304&linksrc=similar_articles_link&ordinalpos=1" data-ga-category="similar_article" data-ga-action="23139304" data-ga-label=""> Archaeology. 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