CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available" lang="fr" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>1221 — Wikipédia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )frwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":[",\t."," \t,"],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy","wgMonthNames":["","janvier","février","mars","avril","mai","juin","juillet","août","septembre","octobre","novembre","décembre"],"wgRequestId":"a74c1760-6fb0-459f-a626-3804324d899c","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"1221","wgTitle":"1221","wgCurRevisionId":208202300,"wgRevisionId":208202300,"wgArticleId":11244,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Article utilisant une Infobox","Portail:Moyen Âge central/Articles liés","Portail:Moyen Âge/Articles liés","Portail:Histoire/Articles liés","1221"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"fr","wgPageContentLanguage":"fr","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"1221","wgRelevantArticleId":11244,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":true,"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"fr","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"fr"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":true,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":10000,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q5393","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false}; RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","site","mediawiki.page.ready","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ArchiveLinks","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=fr&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=fr&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=fr&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.22"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="1221 — Wikipédia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//fr.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Modifier" href="/w/index.php?title=1221&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipédia (fr)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//fr.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.fr"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Flux Atom de Wikipédia" href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:Modifications_r%C3%A9centes&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="auth.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-1221 rootpage-1221 skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Aller au contenu</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" title="Menu principal" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Menu principal" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Menu principal</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Menu principal</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">déplacer vers la barre latérale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">masquer</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Accueil_principal" title="Accueil général [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Page d’accueil</span></a></li><li id="n-thema" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Accueil" title="Regroupements d'articles par thématiques"><span>Portails thématiques</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Page_au_hasard" title="Affiche un article au hasard [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Article au hasard</span></a></li><li id="n-contact" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Contact" title="Qui contacter"><span>Contact</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Contribuer" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Contribuer" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribuer </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-aboutwp" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Aide:D%C3%A9buter" title="Guide pour apprendre à contribuer à Wikipédia"><span>Débuter sur Wikipédia</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Aide:Accueil" title="Accès à l’aide"><span>Aide</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Accueil_de_la_communaut%C3%A9" title="À propos du projet, ce que vous pouvez faire, où trouver les informations"><span>Communauté</span></a></li><li id="n-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Pages_sp%C3%A9ciales" title="Outils pour contribuer à Wikipédia"><span>Pages spéciales</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Modifications_r%C3%A9centes" title="Liste des modifications récentes sur le wiki [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Modifications récentes</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Accueil_principal" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipédia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-fr.svg" style="width: 7.4375em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="l'encyclopédie libre" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-fr.svg" width="120" height="13" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Recherche" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Rechercher sur Wikipédia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Rechercher</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Rechercher sur Wikipédia" aria-label="Rechercher sur Wikipédia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Rechercher sur Wikipédia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Spécial:Recherche"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Rechercher</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Outils personnels"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Apparence"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Modifier l'apparence de la taille, de la largeur et de la couleur de la police de la page" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Apparence" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Apparence</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=fr.wikipedia.org&uselang=fr" class=""><span>Faire un don</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:Cr%C3%A9er_un_compte&returnto=1221" title="Nous vous encourageons à créer un compte utilisateur et vous connecter ; ce n’est cependant pas obligatoire." class=""><span>Créer un compte</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:Connexion&returnto=1221" title="Nous vous encourageons à vous connecter ; ce n’est cependant pas obligatoire. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Se connecter</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Plus d’options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Outils personnels" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Outils personnels</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Menu utilisateur" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=fr.wikipedia.org&uselang=fr"><span>Faire un don</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:Cr%C3%A9er_un_compte&returnto=1221" title="Nous vous encourageons à créer un compte utilisateur et vous connecter ; ce n’est cependant pas obligatoire."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Créer un compte</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:Connexion&returnto=1221" title="Nous vous encourageons à vous connecter ; ce n’est cependant pas obligatoire. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Se connecter</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages pour les contributeurs déconnectés <a href="/wiki/Aide:Premiers_pas" aria-label="En savoir plus sur la contribution"><span>en savoir plus</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Mes_contributions" title="Une liste des modifications effectuées depuis cette adresse IP [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Mes_discussions" title="La page de discussion pour les contributions depuis cette adresse IP [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Discussion</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Sommaire" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Sommaire</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">déplacer vers la barre latérale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">masquer</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Début</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Événements" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Événements"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Événements</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Événements-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Afficher / masquer la sous-section Événements</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Événements-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Asie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Asie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Asie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Asie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Europe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Europe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Europe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Europe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Naissances_en_1221" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Naissances_en_1221"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Naissances en 1221</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Naissances_en_1221-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Décès_en_1221" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Décès_en_1221"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Décès en 1221</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Décès_en_1221-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes_et_références" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes_et_références"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Notes et références</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes_et_références-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Liens_externes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Liens_externes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Liens externes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Liens_externes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Sommaire" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table des matières" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Basculer la table des matières" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Basculer la table des matières</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">1221</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Aller à un article dans une autre langue. Disponible en 136 langues." > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-136" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">136 langues</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221" title="1221 – abkhaze" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="1221" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="abkhaze" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221" title="1221 – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="1221" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221" title="1221 – alémanique" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="1221" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="alémanique" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221_%E1%8A%A5.%E1%8A%A4.%E1%8A%A0." title="1221 እ.ኤ.አ. – amharique" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="1221 እ.ኤ.አ." data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amharique" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221" title="1221 – aragonais" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="1221" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221" title="1221 – arabe" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="1221" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221" title="1221 – arabe égyptien" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="1221" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="arabe égyptien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221" title="1221 – asturien" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="1221" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221" title="1221 – kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="1221" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221" title="1221 – azerbaïdjanais" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="1221" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaïdjanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%B1%DB%B2%DB%B2%DB%B1_(%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C)" title="۱۲۲۱ (میلادی) – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="۱۲۲۱ (میلادی)" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221" title="1221 – bavarois" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="1221" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="bavarois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221" title="1221 – biélorusse" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="1221" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="biélorusse" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221" title="1221 – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="1221" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221" title="1221 – bulgare" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="1221" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgare" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A7%A7%E0%A7%A8%E0%A7%A8%E0%A7%A7" title="১২২১ – bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="১২২১" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF_%E0%A7%A7%E0%A7%A8%E0%A7%A8%E0%A7%A7" title="মারি ১২২১ – bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="মারি ১২২১" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221" title="1221 – breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="1221" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221." title="1221. – bosniaque" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="1221." data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniaque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221" title="1221 – catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="1221" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221_ni%C3%A8ng" title="1221 nièng – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="1221 nièng" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221" title="1221 – cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="1221" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%A1%D9%A2%D9%A2%D9%A1" title="١٢٢١ – sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="١٢٢١" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221" title="1221 – tatar de Crimée" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="1221" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="tatar de Crimée" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221" title="1221 – tchèque" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="1221" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tchèque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221" title="1221 – tchouvache" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="1221" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="tchouvache" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221" title="1221 – gallois" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="1221" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="gallois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221" title="1221 – danois" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="1221" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221" title="1221 – allemand" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="1221" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="allemand" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221" title="1221 – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="1221" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221" title="1221 – grec" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="1221" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221" title="1221 – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="1221" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221" title="1221 – anglais" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="1221" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221" title="1221 – espéranto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="1221" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="espéranto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221" title="1221 – espagnol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="1221" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espagnol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221" title="1221 – estonien" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="1221" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221" title="1221 – basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="1221" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%B1%DB%B2%DB%B2%DB%B1_(%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C)" title="۱۲۲۱ (میلادی) – persan" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="۱۲۲۱ (میلادی)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221" title="1221 – finnois" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="1221" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finnois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221" title="1221 – féroïen" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="1221" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="féroïen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221" title="1221 – frison septentrional" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="1221" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="frison septentrional" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221" title="1221 – frison occidental" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="1221" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="frison occidental" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221" title="1221 – irlandais" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="1221" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221%E5%B9%B4" title="1221年 – gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="1221年" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221" title="1221 – créole guyanais" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="1221" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="créole guyanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221" title="1221 – gaélique écossais" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="1221" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="gaélique écossais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221" title="1221 – galicien" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="1221" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221" title="1221 – hébreu" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="1221" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hébreu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%A8%E0%A5%A8%E0%A5%A7" title="१२२१ – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="१२२१" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221." title="1221. – croate" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="1221." data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croate" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221_(almanak_jilyen)" title="1221 (almanak jilyen) – créole haïtien" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="1221 (almanak jilyen)" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="créole haïtien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221" title="1221 – hongrois" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="1221" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="hongrois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221" title="1221 – arménien" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="1221" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="arménien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221" title="1221 – indonésien" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="1221" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonésien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221" title="1221 – ilocano" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="1221" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="ilocano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221" title="1221 – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="1221" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221" title="1221 – islandais" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="1221" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221" title="1221 – italien" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="1221" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221%E5%B9%B4" title="1221年 – japonais" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="1221年" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221" title="1221 – javanais" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="1221" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221" title="1221 – géorgien" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="1221" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="géorgien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221_%D0%B6%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="1221 жыл – kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="1221 жыл" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221%EB%85%84" title="1221년 – coréen" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="1221년" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coréen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221" title="1221 – latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="1221" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221" title="1221 – luxembourgeois" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="1221" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxembourgeois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221" title="1221 – ligure" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="1221" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="ligure" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221" title="1221 – lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="1221" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221_m." title="1221 m. – lituanien" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="1221 m." data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituanien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221._gads" title="1221. gads – letton" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="1221. gads" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221" title="1221 – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="1221" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221" title="1221 – mokcha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="1221" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="mokcha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221" title="1221 – malgache" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="1221" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgache" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221" title="1221 – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="1221" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221" title="1221 – maori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="1221" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="maori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221" title="1221 – minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="1221" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221" title="1221 – macédonien" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="1221" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macédonien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221_%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="1221 он – mongol" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="1221 он" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87.%E0%A4%B8._%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%A8%E0%A5%A8%E0%A5%A7" title="इ.स. १२२१ – marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="इ.स. १२२१" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221_%D0%B8" title="1221 и – mari occidental" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="1221 и" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="mari occidental" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221" title="1221 – malais" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="1221" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%81%81%E1%81%82%E1%81%82%E1%81%81" title="၁၂၂၁ – birman" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="၁၂၂၁" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%B1%DB%B2%DB%B2%DB%B1" title="۱۲۲۱ – mazandérani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="۱۲۲۱" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazandérani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221" title="1221 – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="1221" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221" title="1221 – napolitain" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="1221" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="napolitain" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221" title="1221 – bas-allemand" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="1221" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="bas-allemand" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D_%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%A8%E0%A5%A8%E0%A5%A7" title="सन् १२२१ – newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="सन् १२२१" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221" title="1221 – néerlandais" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="1221" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="néerlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221" title="1221 – norvégien nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="1221" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvégien nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221" title="1221 – norvégien bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="1221" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvégien bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221" title="1221 – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="1221" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221" title="1221 – sotho du Nord" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="1221" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="sotho du Nord" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221" title="1221 – occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="1221" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AD%A7%E0%AD%A8%E0%AD%A8%E0%AD%A7" title="୧୨୨୧ – odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="୧୨୨୧" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221-%C3%A6%D0%BC_%D0%B0%D0%B7" title="1221-æм аз – ossète" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="1221-æм аз" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="ossète" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%A8%E0%A5%A8%E0%A5%A7" title="१२२१ – pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="१२२१" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="pali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>पालि</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221" title="1221 – polonais" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="1221" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221" title="1221 – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="1221" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221" title="1221 – portugais" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="1221" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221" title="1221 – quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="1221" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221" title="1221 – roumain" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="1221" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="roumain" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="1221 год – russe" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="1221 год" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221" title="1221 – ruthène" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="1221" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="ruthène" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%A8%E0%A5%A8%E0%A5%A7" title="१२२१ – sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="१२२१" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221" title="1221 – iakoute" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="1221" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="iakoute" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221" title="1221 – sicilien" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="1221" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="sicilien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221%D8%B9" title="1221ع – sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="1221ع" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221" title="1221 – same du Nord" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="1221" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="same du Nord" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221." title="1221. – serbo-croate" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="1221." data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbo-croate" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221" title="1221 – shan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="1221" data-language-autonym="တႆး" data-language-local-name="shan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>တႆး</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221" title="1221 – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="1221" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221" title="1221 – slovaque" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="1221" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovaque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221" title="1221 – slovène" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="1221" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovène" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221" title="1221 – same d’Inari" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="1221" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="same d’Inari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221" title="1221 – albanais" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="1221" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221" title="1221 – serbe" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="1221" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221" title="1221 – soundanais" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="1221" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="soundanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221" title="1221 – suédois" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="1221" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suédois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221" title="1221 – swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="1221" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8_1221" title="Соли 1221 – tadjik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Соли 1221" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadjik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9E.%E0%B8%A8._1764" title="พ.ศ. 1764 – thaï" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="พ.ศ. 1764" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thaï" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221" title="1221 – turkmène" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="1221" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="turkmène" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221" title="1221 – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="1221" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221" title="1221 – talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="1221" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221" title="1221 – turc" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="1221" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221_%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="1221 ел – tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="1221 ел" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221" title="1221 – ukrainien" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="1221" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221%D8%A1" title="1221ء – ourdou" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="1221ء" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="ourdou" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221" title="1221 – ouzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="1221" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="ouzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221" title="1221 – vénitien" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="1221" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="vénitien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221" title="1221 – vietnamien" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="1221" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221" title="1221 – waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="1221" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221%E5%B9%B4" title="1221年 – wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="1221年" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221" title="1221 – mingrélien" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="1221" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="mingrélien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221%E5%B9%B4" title="1221年 – chinois" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="1221年" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chinois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221_n%C3%AE" title="1221 nî – minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="1221 nî" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/1221%E5%B9%B4" title="1221年 – cantonais" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="1221年" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q5393#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifier les liens interlangues" class="wbc-editpage">Modifier les liens</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Espaces de noms"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/1221" title="Voir le contenu de la page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Discussion:1221" rel="discussion" title="Discussion au sujet de cette page de contenu [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Discussion</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Modifier la variante de langue" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">français</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Affichages"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/1221"><span>Lire</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1221&veaction=edit" title="Modifier cette page [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modifier</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1221&action=edit" title="Modifier le wikicode de cette page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modifier le code</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1221&action=history" title="Historique des versions de cette page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Voir l’historique</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Outils de la page"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Outils" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Outils</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Outils</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">déplacer vers la barre latérale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">masquer</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Plus d’options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/1221"><span>Lire</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1221&veaction=edit" title="Modifier cette page [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modifier</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1221&action=edit" title="Modifier le wikicode de cette page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modifier le code</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1221&action=history"><span>Voir l’historique</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Général </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Pages_li%C3%A9es/1221" title="Liste des pages liées qui pointent sur celle-ci [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Pages liées</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Suivi_des_liens/1221" rel="nofollow" title="Liste des modifications récentes des pages appelées par celle-ci [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Suivi des pages liées</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aide:Importer_un_fichier" title="Téléverser des fichiers [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Téléverser un fichier</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1221&oldid=208202300" title="Adresse permanente de cette version de cette page"><span>Lien permanent</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1221&action=info" title="Davantage d’informations sur cette page"><span>Informations sur la page</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:Citer&page=1221&id=208202300&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informations sur la manière de citer cette page"><span>Citer cette page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F1221"><span>Obtenir l'URL raccourcie</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F1221"><span>Télécharger le code QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Imprimer / exporter </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:Livre&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=1221"><span>Créer un livre</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:DownloadAsPdf&page=1221&action=show-download-screen"><span>Télécharger comme PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1221&printable=yes" title="Version imprimable de cette page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Version imprimable</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Dans d’autres projets </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:1221" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q5393" title="Lien vers l’élément dans le dépôt de données connecté [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Élément Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Outils de la page"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Apparence"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Apparence</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">déplacer vers la barre latérale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">masquer</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Un article de Wikipédia, l'encyclopédie libre.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="fr" dir="ltr"><div class="bandeau-container metadata homonymie hatnote"><div class="bandeau-cell" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"> <p>Cette page concerne l'année <b>1221</b> du <a href="/wiki/Calendrier_julien" title="Calendrier julien">calendrier julien</a>. </p> </div></div> <div class="infobox_v3 infobox infobox--frwiki noarchive" style="width:21em"> <div class="entete" style="background-color: #C0D1E2;"> <div><small>Chronologies</small></div> </div><table><caption class="hidden" style="background-color:#CEE0F2;">Données clés</caption> <tbody><tr><td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/1218" title="1218">1218</a> <a href="/wiki/1219" title="1219">1219</a> <a href="/wiki/1220" title="1220">1220</a> <b> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">1221</a> </b> <a href="/wiki/1222" title="1222">1222</a> <a href="/wiki/1223" title="1223">1223</a> <a href="/wiki/1224" title="1224">1224</a><br /><small><b>Décennies :</b></small><br /><a href="/wiki/Ann%C3%A9es_1190" title="Années 1190">1190</a> <a href="/wiki/Ann%C3%A9es_1200" title="Années 1200">1200</a> <a href="/wiki/Ann%C3%A9es_1210" title="Années 1210">1210</a> <b> <a href="/wiki/Ann%C3%A9es_1220" title="Années 1220">1220</a> </b> <a href="/wiki/Ann%C3%A9es_1230" title="Années 1230">1230</a> <a href="/wiki/Ann%C3%A9es_1240" title="Années 1240">1240</a> <a href="/wiki/Ann%C3%A9es_1250" title="Années 1250">1250</a><br /><small><b>Siècles :</b></small><br /><a href="/wiki/XIe_si%C3%A8cle" title="XIe siècle">XI<sup>e</sup></a> <a href="/wiki/XIIe_si%C3%A8cle" title="XIIe siècle">XII<sup>e</sup></a> <b> <a href="/wiki/XIIIe_si%C3%A8cle" title="XIIIe siècle">XIII<sup>e</sup></a> </b> <a href="/wiki/XIVe_si%C3%A8cle" title="XIVe siècle">XIV<sup>e</sup></a> <a href="/wiki/XVe_si%C3%A8cle" title="XVe siècle">XV<sup>e</sup></a><br /><small><b>Millénaires :</b></small><br /><a href="/wiki/Ier_mill%C3%A9naire_av._J.-C." title="Ier millénaire av. J.-C.">-I<sup>er</sup></a> <a href="/wiki/Ier_mill%C3%A9naire" title="Ier millénaire">I<sup>er</sup></a> <b> <a href="/wiki/IIe_mill%C3%A9naire" title="IIe millénaire">II<sup>e</sup></a> </b> <a href="/wiki/IIIe_mill%C3%A9naire" title="IIIe millénaire">III<sup>e</sup></a> </td> </tr></tbody></table><table><caption style="background-color:#CEE0F2;"><a href="/wiki/Liste_des_chronologies_th%C3%A9matiques" title="Liste des chronologies thématiques">Chronologies thématiques</a></caption> <tbody><tr><td style="text-align:center;"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r223867407">.mw-parser-output div.NavFrame{background-color:var(--background-color-base,#fff);border:1px var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);border-style:solid;margin-bottom:1em;clear:both}.mw-parser-output div.NavFrame div.NavHead{min-height:1.6em;font-weight:bold;background-color:#efefef;color:var(--color-emphasized,#000);text-align:center}.mw-parser-output div.NavContent{display:block;margin:0;text-align:left}body:not(.mw-mf) .mw-parser-output div.NavFrame{padding:2px;text-align:center;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:95%}body:not(.mw-mf) .mw-parser-output div.NavPic{padding:2px;float:left}body:not(.mw-mf) .mw-parser-output div.NavEnd{height:0;clear:both}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div.NavFrame div.NavHead{background-color:#27292d}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table div.NavFrame a{color:#88a3e8}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table div.NavFrame a.new{color:#fd7865}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div.NavFrame div.NavHead{background-color:#27292d}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table div.NavFrame a{color:#88a3e8}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table div.NavFrame a.new{color:#fd7865}}</style><div class="NavFrame" style="border-color:#FFFFFF;border:none;; background-color:#FFFFFF;background:none !important;margin:0;;" title="[afficher]/[masquer]"> <div class="NavHead" style="min-height:2.5em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1221_en_religion&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1221 en religion (page inexistante)">Religion</a></div> <div class="NavContent" style="background-color:none !important;background:none !important;;"> <p><small>(,)</small> et * <a href="/wiki/1221_dans_les_croisades" title="1221 dans les croisades">Croisades</a> </p> </div> <div class="NavEnd"> </div> </div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r223867407" /><div class="NavFrame" style="border-color:#FFFFFF;border:none;; background-color:#FFFFFF;background:none !important;margin:0;;" title="[afficher]/[masquer]"> <div class="NavHead" style="min-height:2.5em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1221_en_science&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1221 en science (page inexistante)">Science</a></div> <div class="NavContent" style="background-color:none !important;background:none !important;;"> <p><small>()</small> et <a href="/wiki/1221_en_sant%C3%A9_et_m%C3%A9decine" title="1221 en santé et médecine">Santé et médecine</a> </p> </div> <div class="NavEnd"> </div> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Terrorisme_avant_1946" title="Terrorisme avant 1946">Terrorisme</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr></tbody></table><table><caption style="background-color:#CEE0F2;">Calendriers</caption> <tbody><tr><td style="text-align:center;"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Calendrier_romain" title="Calendrier romain">Romain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calendrier_chinois" title="Calendrier chinois">Chinois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calendrier_gr%C3%A9gorien" title="Calendrier grégorien">Grégorien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calendrier_julien" title="Calendrier julien">Julien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calendrier_h%C3%A9bra%C3%AFque" title="Calendrier hébraïque">Hébraïque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calendrier_hindou" title="Calendrier hindou">Hindou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calendrier_h%C3%A9girien" title="Calendrier hégirien">Hégirien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calendrier_persan" title="Calendrier persan">Persan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calendrier_r%C3%A9publicain" title="Calendrier républicain">Républicain</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr></tbody></table><p class="navbar bordered noprint" style="border-color:#CEE0F2;"><span class="plainlinks navigation-not-searchable"><a class="external text" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1221&action=edit">modifier</a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Mod%C3%A8le:Palette_Ann%C3%A9es" title="Consultez la documentation du modèle"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/12px-Info_Simple.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/18px-Info_Simple.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/24px-Info_Simple.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></p></div> <p>L'année <b>1221</b> est une <a href="/wiki/Ann%C3%A9e_commune" title="Année commune">année commune</a> qui <a href="/wiki/Ann%C3%A9e_commune_commen%C3%A7ant_un_vendredi" title="Année commune commençant un vendredi">commence un vendredi</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Événements"><span id=".C3.89v.C3.A9nements"></span>Événements</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1221&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifier la section : Événements" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1221&action=edit&section=1" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Événements"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Début du règne de <a href="/wiki/Dounama_Dibalami" title="Dounama Dibalami">Dounama Dibalami</a>, roi (maï) du <a href="/wiki/Kanem-Bornou" class="mw-redirect" title="Kanem-Bornou">Kanem-Bornou</a> (fin en <a href="/wiki/1259" title="1259">1259</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li>Les <a href="/wiki/Civilisation_maya" title="Civilisation maya">Mayas</a> se révoltent contre la domination des seigneurs Maya-<a href="/wiki/Tolt%C3%A8ques" title="Toltèques">Toltèques</a> de <a href="/wiki/Chich%C3%A9n_Itz%C3%A1" title="Chichén Itzá">Chichén Itzá</a>, qui est détruite en <a href="/wiki/1224" title="1224">1224</a>. Début de la domination de <a href="/wiki/Mayapan" title="Mayapan">Mayapan</a> (fin en <a href="/wiki/1441" title="1441">1441</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Asie">Asie</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1221&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifier la section : Asie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1221&action=edit&section=2" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Asie"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Janvier" title="Janvier">Janvier</a> : les Mongols battent les Géorgiens à <a href="/wiki/Tiflis" class="mw-redirect" title="Tiflis">Tiflis</a><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. <ul><li>Les lieutenants de <a href="/wiki/Gengis_Khan" title="Gengis Khan">Gengis Khan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Djeb%C3%A9" title="Djebé">Djebé</a> et <a href="/wiki/Subutay" class="mw-redirect" title="Subutay">Subutay</a>, exécutent un raid autour de la <a href="/wiki/Mer_Caspienne" title="Mer Caspienne">mer Caspienne</a> (fin en <a href="/wiki/1223" title="1223">1223</a>) à la tête de 20 000 cavaliers : <a href="/wiki/Ray_(Teheran)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ray (Teheran)">Ray</a> et <a href="/wiki/Hamadan" title="Hamadan">Hamadan</a> sont mises à sac, la <a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9orgie_(pays)" title="Géorgie (pays)">Géorgie</a>, le <a href="/wiki/Caucase" title="Caucase">Caucase</a> et la <a href="/wiki/Crim%C3%A9e" title="Crimée">Crimée</a> sont dévastés, le royaume bulgare de la <a href="/wiki/Volga" title="Volga">Volga</a> anéanti.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9vrier" title="Février">Février</a> : <ul><li>Les habitants de <a href="/wiki/Merv" title="Merv">Merv</a>, prise par <a href="/wiki/Tolui" title="Tolui">Tolui</a>, sont décapités et leurs têtes disposées en pyramides devant la cité<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li>Les Mongols de Djebe et Subutay sont éloignés par les habitants de <a href="/wiki/Gandja" title="Gandja">Gandja</a> qui leur versent un tribut<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Printemps" title="Printemps">Printemps</a> : <a href="/wiki/Gengis_Khan" title="Gengis Khan">Gengis Khan</a>, qui s'est <a href="/wiki/Invasion_mongole_de_l%27empire_Khorezmien" class="mw-redirect" title="Invasion mongole de l'empire Khorezmien">emparé du Khârezm</a>, prend et pille <a href="/wiki/Balkh" title="Balkh">Balkh</a> dont la population est massacrée<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/10_avril" title="10 avril">10 avril</a><sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> : Tolui prend <a href="/wiki/Nishapur" title="Nishapur">Nishapur</a> et en fait massacrer la population, puis marche sur <a href="/wiki/Herat" class="mw-redirect" title="Herat">Herat</a> qui se rend (il épargne les civils). <a href="/wiki/Ghazn%C3%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="Ghaznî">Ghaznî</a> est prise par <a href="/wiki/%C3%96g%C3%B6dei" class="mw-redirect" title="Ögödei">Ögödei</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avril" title="Avril">Avril</a> : <a href="/wiki/Ogode%C3%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="Ogodeï">Ogodeï</a>, <a href="/wiki/Djaghata%C3%AF_(khan)" title="Djaghataï (khan)">Djaghataï</a> et <a href="/wiki/Dj%C3%B6tchi" title="Djötchi">Djötchi</a> prennent <a href="/wiki/Gourandj" class="mw-redirect" title="Gourandj">Gourandj</a>, la capitale du <a href="/wiki/Kh%C3%A2rezm" class="mw-redirect" title="Khârezm">Khârezm</a>. Ils détruisent les digues de l’<a href="/wiki/Amou-Daria" title="Amou-Daria">Amou-Daria</a> pour submerger la ville et en massacrent la population<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. <ul><li>après la prise de la ville, <a href="/wiki/Dj%C3%B6tchi" title="Djötchi">Djötchi</a>, de naissance obscure, se brouille avec son père <a href="/wiki/Gengis_Khan" title="Gengis Khan">Gengis Khan</a> pour des raisons inconnues. Pendant la campagne contre le <a href="/wiki/Turkestan" title="Turkestan">Turkestan</a>, il vit retiré dans ses campements établis dans le passage de Tourgaï et ne se mêle plus des affaires de son père.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/13_mai" title="13 mai">13 mai</a> : abdication de l'<a href="/wiki/Empereur_du_Japon" title="Empereur du Japon">empereur du Japon</a> <a href="/wiki/Juntoku" title="Juntoku">Juntoku</a> en faveur de <a href="/wiki/Ch%C5%ABky%C5%8D" title="Chūkyō">Chūkyō</a><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/6_juin" title="6 juin">6 juin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Japon" title="Japon">Japon</a> : l'ancien empereur <a href="/wiki/Go-Toba" title="Go-Toba">Go-Toba</a> est à l’origine de l’<a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9volte_de_J%C5%8Dky%C5%AB" title="Révolte de Jōkyū">agitation Jōkyū</a> contre la domination des <a href="/wiki/Shogun" title="Shogun">shoguns</a> <a href="/wiki/Clan_H%C5%8Dj%C5%8D" title="Clan Hōjō"> Hôjô</a> de <a href="/wiki/Kamakura" title="Kamakura">Kamakura</a><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/29_juillet" title="29 juillet">29 juillet</a> : échec de la <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9volte_de_J%C5%8Dky%C5%AB" title="Révolte de Jōkyū">révolte de Jōkyū</a>. Début du règne de l'<a href="/wiki/Empereur_du_Japon" title="Empereur du Japon">empereur du Japon</a> <a href="/wiki/Go-Horikawa" title="Go-Horikawa">Go-Horikawa</a> (fin en <a href="/wiki/1232" title="1232">1232</a>).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/8_septembre" title="8 septembre">8 septembre</a> : échec de la <a href="/wiki/Cinqui%C3%A8me_croisade" title="Cinquième croisade">cinquième croisade</a>, les <a href="/wiki/Croisade" title="Croisade">Croisés</a>, encerclés devant <a href="/wiki/Le_Caire" title="Le Caire">Le Caire</a>, doivent restituer <a href="/wiki/Damiette" title="Damiette">Damiette</a> pour pouvoir rembarquer<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/24_novembre" title="24 novembre">24 novembre</a> : le dernier souverain du <a href="/wiki/Kh%C3%A2rezm" class="mw-redirect" title="Khârezm">Khârezm</a>, <a href="/wiki/Djala_ad-Din_Meng%C3%BC_Berti" class="mw-redirect" title="Djala ad-Din Mengü Berti">Djala ad-Din Mengü Berti</a>, d'abord victorieux d'un détachement mongols à Pervan (ou Parwan), près de <a href="/wiki/Ghazni_(ville)" title="Ghazni (ville)">Ghazni</a> en octobre<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, est battu par <a href="/wiki/Gengis_Khan" title="Gengis Khan">Gengis Khan</a> sur les bords de l'<a href="/wiki/Indus" title="Indus">Indus</a><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Il se réfugie à <a href="/wiki/Lahore" title="Lahore">Lahore</a> en décembre mais ne parvient pas à convaincre <a href="/wiki/Iltutmish" class="mw-redirect" title="Iltutmish">Iltutmish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sultanat_de_Delhi" title="Sultanat de Delhi">sultan de Delhi</a>, d’envoyer des troupes contre les Mongols. Plus tard, ceux-ci arrivent en <a href="/wiki/Inde" title="Inde">Inde</a> atteignent l’<a href="/wiki/Indus" title="Indus">Indus</a>, puis reculent face au climat.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Europe">Europe</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1221&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifier la section : Europe" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1221&action=edit&section=3" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Europe"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/6_f%C3%A9vrier" title="6 février">6 février</a> : mariage du <a href="/wiki/Liste_des_rois_d%27Aragon" class="mw-redirect" title="Liste des rois d'Aragon">roi d'Aragon</a> <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Ier_d%27Aragon" class="mw-redirect" title="Jacques Ier d'Aragon">Jacques <abbr class="abbr" title="premier">I<sup>er</sup></abbr></a> avec <a href="/wiki/Ali%C3%A9nor_de_Castille_(1202-1244)" title="Aliénor de Castille (1202-1244)">Aliénor de Castille</a><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9vrier" title="Février">Février</a>, seconde <a href="/wiki/Croisade_contre_les_Albigeois" class="mw-redirect" title="Croisade contre les Albigeois">croisade contre les Albigeois</a> : <a href="/wiki/Raymond_VI_de_Toulouse" title="Raymond VI de Toulouse">Raymond VI de Toulouse</a> reprend <a href="/wiki/Montr%C3%A9al_(Aude)" title="Montréal (Aude)">Montréal</a><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/10_mars" title="10 mars">10 mars</a> : le siège de <a href="/wiki/Castelnaudary" title="Castelnaudary">Castelnaudary</a> est levé par les croisés d'<a href="/wiki/Amaury_VI_de_Montfort" title="Amaury VI de Montfort">Amaury de Montfort</a>, qui se retranche à <a href="/wiki/Carcassonne" title="Carcassonne">Carcassonne</a><sup id="cite_ref-Cayla_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cayla-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/25_mars" title="25 mars">25 mars</a> : couronnement de <a href="/wiki/Robert_de_Courtenay_(empereur_latin_de_Constantinople)" title="Robert de Courtenay (empereur latin de Constantinople)">Robert de Courtenay</a>, <a href="/wiki/Liste_des_empereurs_latins_de_Constantinople" title="Liste des empereurs latins de Constantinople">empereur latin de Constantinople</a><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avril" title="Avril">Avril</a> : les Estoniens de <a href="/wiki/Saaremaa" title="Saaremaa">Saaremaa</a> et du Nord attaquent de nouveau <a href="/wiki/Tallinn" title="Tallinn">Tallinn</a><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. L'Estonie est alors partagée entre l'évêque <a href="/wiki/Albert_de_Buxhoeveden" title="Albert de Buxhoeveden">Albert de Buxhoeveden</a> et <a href="/wiki/Valdemar_II_de_Danemark" class="mw-redirect" title="Valdemar II de Danemark">Valdemar II de Danemark</a> au détriment des <a href="/wiki/Chevaliers_Porte-Glaive" title="Chevaliers Porte-Glaive">chevaliers Porte-Glaive</a><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/30_mai" title="30 mai">30 mai</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pentec%C3%B4te" title="Pentecôte">Pentecôte</a>: <ul><li>Second <a href="/wiki/Chapitre_de_religieux" title="Chapitre de religieux">chapitre général</a> des Dominicains à <a href="/wiki/Bologne" title="Bologne">Bologne</a><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Les couvents des <a href="/wiki/Ordre_des_Pr%C3%AAcheurs" title="Ordre des Prêcheurs">frères prêcheurs</a> sont répartis en provinces, dirigées par un prieur et un chapitre provincial. À la mort de saint Dominique à Bologne (<time class="nowrap" datetime="08-08" data-sort-value="08-08">8 août</time>), l’ordre compte une vingtaine de couvents de prêcheurs et quatre de moniales.</li> <li>Au <a href="/wiki/Chapitre_de_religieux" title="Chapitre de religieux">chapitre général</a> de l’<a href="/wiki/Ordre_des_fr%C3%A8res_mineurs" class="mw-redirect" title="Ordre des frères mineurs">ordre des frères mineurs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_d%27Assise" title="François d'Assise">François d'Assise</a> instaure la règle de l’ordre (<i>Regula prima</i>) qu'il a rédigé<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Elle est approuvée par le pape <a href="/wiki/Honorius_III" title="Honorius III">Honorius III</a> en <a href="/wiki/1223" title="1223">1223</a>. Il se retire ensuite dans son ermitage de la <a href="/wiki/Basilique_Sainte-Marie-des-Anges_d%27Assise" title="Basilique Sainte-Marie-des-Anges d'Assise">Portioncule</a>, en <a href="/wiki/Toscane" title="Toscane">Toscane</a> où, affaibli par la maladie, les extases et l’apparition de stigmates, il rédige le <i>Cantique des Créatures</i> ou <i>Cantique du frère soleil</i>, premier poème en langue italienne (dialecte ombrien) en <a href="/wiki/1224" title="1224">1224</a>. Il meurt en <a href="/wiki/1226" title="1226">1226</a>.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juin" title="Juin">Juin</a><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> : <a href="/wiki/Raymond-Roger_de_Foix" title="Raymond-Roger de Foix">Raymond-Roger de Foix</a> reprend <a href="/wiki/Fanjeaux" title="Fanjeaux">Fanjeaux</a>, <a href="/wiki/Limoux" title="Limoux">Limoux</a> et <a href="/wiki/Pieusse" title="Pieusse">Pieusse</a> avant de poursuivre la reconquête dans le <a href="/wiki/Carcass%C3%A8s" title="Carcassès">Carcassès</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/20_juillet" title="20 juillet">20 juillet</a> : début de la reconstruction de la <a href="/wiki/Cath%C3%A9drale_Santa_Mar%C3%ADa_de_Burgos" class="mw-redirect" title="Cathédrale Santa María de Burgos">cathédrale de Burgos</a> en <a href="/wiki/Espagne" title="Espagne">Espagne</a><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/5_ao%C3%BBt" title="5 août">5 août</a> : les <a href="/wiki/Dominicain" class="mw-redirect" title="Dominicain">dominicains</a>, conduits par Gilbert de Fresney, s’installent en <a href="/wiki/Angleterre" title="Angleterre">Angleterre</a> (<a href="/wiki/Londres" title="Londres">Londres</a> en 1224)<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2_octobre" title="2 octobre">2 octobre</a> : traité entre <a href="/wiki/Sienne" title="Sienne">Sienne</a> et les <a href="/wiki/Famille_Aldobrandeschi" title="Famille Aldobrandeschi">Aldobrandeschi</a><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Conflit entre <a href="/wiki/Sienne" title="Sienne">Sienne</a> et <a href="/wiki/Orvieto" title="Orvieto">Orvieto</a> afin de s’assurer la possession du comté Aldobrandeschi.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/28_octobre" title="28 octobre">28 octobre</a><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> : <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9opold_VI_d%27Autriche" class="mw-redirect" title="Léopold VI d'Autriche">Léopold VI d'Autriche</a> donne à <a href="/wiki/Vienne_(Autriche)" title="Vienne (Autriche)">Vienne</a> un règlement administratif, le <i>Stadtrecht</i>. La ville se développe. Les Kleber (1208-<a href="/wiki/1417" title="1417">1417</a>), les Poll (<a href="/wiki/1239" title="1239">1239</a>-<a href="/wiki/1539" title="1539">1539</a>) et les Würfel (<a href="/wiki/1285" title="1285">1285</a>-<a href="/wiki/1523" title="1523">1523</a>) sont successivement échevins de Vienne.</li></ul> <p><br /> </p> <ul><li>Prise de <a href="/wiki/Serr%C3%A8s" title="Serrès">Serrès</a> par le <a href="/wiki/Despotat_d%27%C3%89pire" title="Despotat d'Épire">despote d’Épire</a> <a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A9odore_Ier_Ange_Doukas_Comn%C3%A8ne" title="Théodore Ier Ange Doukas Comnène">Théodore Ange</a>, qui s’empare du <a href="/wiki/Royaume_de_Thessalonique" title="Royaume de Thessalonique">royaume de Thessalonique</a> (prise de Salonique en 1224)<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li>Fondation de <a href="/wiki/Nijni_Novgorod" title="Nijni Novgorod">Nijni Novgorod</a> par le prince de <a href="/wiki/Vladimir-Souzdal" class="mw-redirect" title="Vladimir-Souzdal">Vladimir-Souzdal</a> <a href="/wiki/Iouri_II_Vladimirski" class="mw-redirect" title="Iouri II Vladimirski">Iouri Vsevolodovitch</a><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li>Création des diocèses de <a href="/wiki/Przemy%C5%9Bl" title="Przemyśl">Przemyśl</a> et d’Uhrusk-Chełm. Antoine, archevêque de <a href="/wiki/Novgorod" title="Novgorod">Novgorod</a> doit, sur ordre du métropolite Mathieu, quitter son siège pour prendre la tête de l’évêché de Przemyśl.</li> <li>Début du règne de <a href="/wiki/Wislaw_Ier_de_R%C3%BCgen" title="Wislaw Ier de Rügen">Wislaw <abbr class="abbr" title="premier">I<sup>er</sup></abbr></a>, prince de <a href="/wiki/R%C3%BCgen" title="Rügen">Rügen</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Naissances_en_1221"><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Naissance_en_1221" title="Catégorie:Naissance en 1221">Naissances en 1221</a></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1221&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifier la section : Naissances en 1221" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1221&action=edit&section=4" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Naissances en 1221"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="bandeau-container bandeau-section metadata bandeau-niveau-information"><div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone-css loupe">Article détaillé : <a href="/wiki/Naissance_en_1221" title="Naissance en 1221">Naissance en 1221</a>.</div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Décès_en_1221"><span id="D.C3.A9c.C3.A8s_en_1221"></span><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:D%C3%A9c%C3%A8s_en_1221" title="Catégorie:Décès en 1221">Décès en 1221</a></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1221&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifier la section : Décès en 1221" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1221&action=edit&section=5" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Décès en 1221"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="bandeau-container bandeau-section metadata bandeau-niveau-information"><div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone-css loupe">Article détaillé : <a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9c%C3%A8s_en_1221" title="Décès en 1221">Décès en 1221</a>.</div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes_et_références"><span id="Notes_et_r.C3.A9f.C3.A9rences"></span>Notes et références</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1221&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Modifier la section : Notes et références" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1221&action=edit&section=6" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Notes et références"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="references-small decimal" style="column-width:36em; column-count:2;"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage"><cite class="italique">Encyclopédie africaine et malgache : République du Tchad</cite>, Larousse <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/9782706209116" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/9782706209116"><span class="nowrap">9782706209116</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=8piDDwAAQBAJ&pg=PAPT18">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A9die+africaine+et+malgache+%3A+R%C3%A9publique+du+Tchad&rft.pub=Larousse&rft.isbn=9782706209116&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1221"></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Griswold_Morley,_Robert_J._Sharer1994"><span class="ouvrage" id="Sylvanus_Griswold_Morley,_Robert_J._Sharer1994">Sylvanus Griswold Morley, Robert J. Sharer, <cite class="italique">The Ancient Maya</cite>, Stanford University Press, <time>1994</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/9780804721301" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/9780804721301"><span class="nowrap">9780804721301</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=c65_g571LyAC&pg=PA386">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Ancient+Maya&rft.pub=Stanford+University+Press&rft.au=Sylvanus+Griswold+Morley%2C+Robert+J.+Sharer&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=9780804721301&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1221"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.fr/books?id=ll0pAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA449"><i>Journal asiatique</i>, Société asiatique 1849</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceA-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_4-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_4-1">b</a> et <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_4-2">c</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text"><i>L'empire des steppes</i>, de René Grousset</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.fr/books?id=ofIKAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA330"><i>Additions et éclaircissements à l'Histoire de la Géorgie depuis l'antiquité jusqu'en 1469 de J.-C.</i>, de Marie-Félicité Brosset</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.fr/books?client=firefox-a&id=JkttAAAAMAAJ&q=+avril+1221&pgis=1#search_anchor"><i>L'empire des steppes</i>, par René Grousset</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.fr/books?client=firefox-a&id=SLAeAAAAMAAJ&q=%22May+13%2C+1221%22&pgis=1#search_anchor"><i>The Imperial House of Japan</i>, par Richard Arthur Brabazon Ponsonby-Fane Publié par Ponsonby Memorial Society, 1959</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.fr/books?client=firefox-a&id=SLAeAAAAMAAJ&q=%22June+6%2C+1221%22&pgis=1#search_anchor"><i>The Imperial House of Japan</i>, par Richard Arthur Brabazon Ponsonby-Fane Publié par Ponsonby Memorial Society, 1959</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.fr/books?id=Y1wPAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA373"><i>Histoire des Arabes sous le gouvernement des califes</i>, de Augier de Marigny</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.fr/books?id=9kfJ6MlMsJQC&pg=RA1-PA205"><i>The Afghans</i>, par Willem Vogelsang Publié par Blackwell Publishing, 2002</a> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-0-631-19841-3" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-0-631-19841-3"><span class="nowrap">978-0-631-19841-3</span></a>)</small></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><i>L'empire des steppes</i>, de René Grousset, p. 303</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.fr/books?id=Vf5_xRZBYrAC&pg=PA153"><i>Histoire des Pyrénées et des rapports internationaux de la France avec l'Espagne. Annales de la Catalogne, de l'Aragon, de la Navarre</i>, par Justin Édouard M. Cénac-Moncaut, 1854</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.fr/books?client=firefox-a&id=8AAFAQAAIAAJ&q=%22+f%C3%A9vrier+1221%22++&pgis=1#search_anchor"><i>L'épopée cathare</i>, par M Roquebert Publié par Privat, 1994</a> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-7089-5380-2" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-7089-5380-2"><span class="nowrap">978-2-7089-5380-2</span></a>)</small></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cayla-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Cayla_14-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Cayla,_Perrin-Paviot1839"><span class="ouvrage" id="Jean-Mamert_Cayla,_Perrin-Paviot1839">Jean-Mamert Cayla, Perrin-Paviot, <cite class="italique">Histoire de la ville de Toulouse depuis sa fondation jusqu'à nos jours</cite>, Bon et Privat, <time>1839</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=YYHImKG_OH0C&pg=PA88">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Histoire+de+la+ville+de+Toulouse+depuis+sa+fondation+jusqu%27%C3%A0+nos+jours&rft.pub=Bon+et+Privat&rft.au=Jean-Mamert+Cayla%2C+Perrin-Paviot&rft.date=1839&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1221"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.fr/books?id=Mz4QAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA138"><i>Histoire universelle</i>, par Augustin Calmet, Publié chez Jean Renauld Doulssecker, 1767</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.fr/books?id=XKWRct15XfkC&pg=PA3"><i>Historical Dictionary of Estonia</i>, par Toivo Miljan Publié par Scarecrow Press, 2004</a> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-0-8108-4904-4" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-0-8108-4904-4"><span class="nowrap">978-0-8108-4904-4</span></a>)</small></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-17">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.fr/books?id=F3wzkSHR4j4C&pg=PA14"><i>Crusader Castles of the Teutonic Knights</i>, par Stephen R. Turnbull, Peter Dennis Publié par Osprey Publishing, 2004</a> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-1-84176-712-3" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-1-84176-712-3"><span class="nowrap">978-1-84176-712-3</span></a>)</small></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-18">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.fr/books?id=X_INAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA400"><i>Vie de Saint Dominique</i>, par Henri Lacordaire</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-19">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.fr/books?id=Xf8nAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA2-PA323"><i>Nouvelle encyclopédie théologique</i> Publié par J.P. Migne, 1864</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-20">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.fr/books?id=RNw4AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA311"><i>Histoire générale de Languedoc</i>:, par Claude de Vic, Joseph Vaissete, Alexandre Du Mège Publié par J.B. Paya, 1842</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-21">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.fr/books?id=Na0ndplepYcC&pg=PA378"><i>Histoire d'Espagne</i>, par Louis Charles Romey, 1841</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-22">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Vicaire2004"><span class="ouvrage" id="Marie-Humbert_Vicaire2004">Marie-Humbert Vicaire, <cite class="italique">Histoire de Saint Dominique</cite>, Éditions du CERF, <time>2004</time>, 752 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-204-07409-4" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-204-07409-4"><span class="nowrap">978-2-204-07409-4</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=LqRIk8eV2aQC&pg=PA667">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Histoire+de+Saint+Dominique&rft.pub=%C3%89ditions+du+CERF&rft.aulast=Vicaire&rft.aufirst=Marie-Humbert&rft.date=2004&rft.tpages=752&rft.isbn=978-2-204-07409-4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1221"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-23">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.fr/books?id=MilmAAAAMAAJ&q=%22+2+octobre%22&pgis=1#search_anchor"><i>L'espace d'une cité ; Sienne et le pays siennois</i>, par Odile Redon Publié par École française de Rome, 1994</a> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-7283-0314-4" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-7283-0314-4"><span class="nowrap">978-2-7283-0314-4</span></a>)</small></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-24">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.fr/books?id=C3IYAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA646"><i>Kritische Jahrbücher für deutsche Rechtswissenschaft</i>, par Aemilius Ludwig Richter, Robert Schneider Publié par C. Focke, 1847</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-25">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.fr/books?id=rUs-hHd89xAC&pg=PA23"><i>The Late Byzantine Army</i>, par Mark C. Bartusis Publié par University of Pennsylvania Press, 1997</a> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-0-8122-1620-2" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-0-8122-1620-2"><span class="nowrap">978-0-8122-1620-2</span></a>)</small></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-26">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.fr/books?id=En6FypiusmYC&pg=PA220"><i>Journal de captivité en Russie 1813-1814</i>, par Désiré Fuzellier Publié par Ginkgo Éditeur, 2004</a> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-84679-019-2" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-84679-019-2"><span class="nowrap">978-2-84679-019-2</span></a>)</small></span> </li> </ol> </div> <p><br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Liens_externes">Liens externes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1221&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Modifier la section : Liens externes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1221&action=edit&section=7" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Liens externes"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bnf.fr/date/1221/">L’année 1221</a> sur le site de la <a href="/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_nationale_de_France" title="Bibliothèque nationale de France">Bibliothèque nationale de France</a></li></ul> <ul id="bandeau-portail" class="bandeau-portail"><li><span class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Moyen_%C3%82ge_central" title="Portail du Moyen Âge central"><img alt="icône décorative" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Ecu_d%27or_%C3%A0_l%27aigle_de_sable.svg/22px-Ecu_d%27or_%C3%A0_l%27aigle_de_sable.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Ecu_d%27or_%C3%A0_l%27aigle_de_sable.svg/33px-Ecu_d%27or_%C3%A0_l%27aigle_de_sable.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Ecu_d%27or_%C3%A0_l%27aigle_de_sable.svg/44px-Ecu_d%27or_%C3%A0_l%27aigle_de_sable.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></a></span></span> <span class="bandeau-portail-texte"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Moyen_%C3%82ge_central" title="Portail:Moyen Âge central">Portail du Moyen Âge central</a></span> </span></li> </ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://auth.wikimedia.org/loginwiki/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Ce document provient de « <a dir="ltr" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1221&oldid=208202300">https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1221&oldid=208202300</a> ».</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Accueil" title="Catégorie:Accueil">Catégorie</a> : <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:1221" title="Catégorie:1221">1221</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Catégories cachées : <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Article_utilisant_une_Infobox" title="Catégorie:Article utilisant une Infobox">Article utilisant une Infobox</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Portail:Moyen_%C3%82ge_central/Articles_li%C3%A9s" title="Catégorie:Portail:Moyen Âge central/Articles liés">Portail:Moyen Âge central/Articles liés</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Portail:Moyen_%C3%82ge/Articles_li%C3%A9s" title="Catégorie:Portail:Moyen Âge/Articles liés">Portail:Moyen Âge/Articles liés</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Portail:Histoire/Articles_li%C3%A9s" title="Catégorie:Portail:Histoire/Articles liés">Portail:Histoire/Articles liés</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> La dernière modification de cette page a été faite le 26 septembre 2023 à 06:47.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright"><span style="white-space: normal"><a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Citation_et_r%C3%A9utilisation_du_contenu_de_Wikip%C3%A9dia" title="Wikipédia:Citation et réutilisation du contenu de Wikipédia">Droit d'auteur</a> : les textes sont disponibles sous <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.fr">licence Creative Commons attribution, partage dans les mêmes conditions</a> ; d’autres conditions peuvent s’appliquer. Voyez les <a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Policy:Terms_of_Use/fr">conditions d’utilisation</a> pour plus de détails, ainsi que les <a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Cr%C3%A9dits_graphiques" title="Wikipédia:Crédits graphiques">crédits graphiques</a>. En cas de réutilisation des textes de cette page, voyez <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Citer/1221" title="Spécial:Citer/1221">comment citer les auteurs et mentionner la licence</a>.<br /> Wikipedia® est une marque déposée de la <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, organisation de bienfaisance régie par le paragraphe <a href="/wiki/501c" title="501c">501(c)(3)</a> du code fiscal des États-Unis.</span><br /></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy/fr">Politique de confidentialité</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:%C3%80_propos_de_Wikip%C3%A9dia">À propos de Wikipédia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Avertissements_g%C3%A9n%C3%A9raux">Avertissements</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipédia:Contact">Contact</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code de conduite</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Développeurs</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/fr.wikipedia.org">Statistiques</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Déclaration sur les témoins (cookies)</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//fr.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1221&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Version mobile</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://www.wikimedia.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia.svg" width="25" height="25" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" lang="en" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" width="88" height="31"><img src="/w/resources/assets/mediawiki_compact.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" lang="en" width="25" height="25" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-header-container vector-sticky-header-container"> <div id="vector-sticky-header" class="vector-sticky-header"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-start"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-start vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" aria-hidden="true"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-sticky-header-search-toggle" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.vector-sticky-search-form.icon"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Rechercher</span> </button> </div> <div role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box"> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="vector-sticky-search-form" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Rechercher sur Wikipédia"> <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Spécial:Recherche"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Rechercher</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar"> <nav aria-label="Sommaire" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-sticky-header-toc vector-sticky-header-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Basculer la table des matières" > <label id="vector-sticky-header-toc-label" for="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Basculer la table des matières</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar-primary" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="mw-page-title-main">1221</span></div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-end" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icons"> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-talk-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="talk-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbles mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbles"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-subject-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="subject-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-article mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-article"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-history-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="history-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-history mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-history"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only mw-watchlink" id="ca-watchstar-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="watch-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-star mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-star"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-ve-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="wikitext-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikiText mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-wikiText"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-editLock mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-editLock"></span> <span></span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-language"></span> <span>136 langues</span> </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbleAdd-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbleAdd-progressive"></span> <span>Ajouter un sujet</span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-dock-bottom emptyPortlet" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul> </ul> </div> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f968fbb9b-vqvhr","wgBackendResponseTime":461,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.224","walltime":"0.298","ppvisitednodes":{"value":2336,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":43574,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":10998,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":25,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":2,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":20712,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 245.546 1 -total"," 33.16% 81.419 1 Modèle:Années"," 31.96% 78.487 1 Modèle:Méta_infobox_navigation"," 25.74% 63.194 1 Modèle:Références"," 17.91% 43.970 4 Modèle:Ouvrage"," 17.74% 43.569 2 Modèle:Méta_infobox_navigation/Liste"," 16.94% 41.605 4 Modèle:Trim"," 16.44% 40.361 1 Modèle:Palette_Années/Thématique"," 15.59% 38.282 1 Modèle:Portail"," 15.36% 37.708 2 Modèle:Liste_horizontale"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.070","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":5057087,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-f968fbb9b-vqvhr","timestamp":"20250401125359","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"1221","url":"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1221","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q5393","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q5393","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributeurs aux projets Wikimedia"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Fondation Wikimedia, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2003-03-04T15:09:38Z","dateModified":"2023-09-26T04:47:50Z","headline":"Ann\u00e9e du XIIIe si\u00e8cle"}</script> </body> </html>