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href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Pusvad%C4%ABt%C4%81js" title="Ieteicams izveidot kontu un pieslēgties; tomēr tas nav obligāti." class=""><span>Izveidot jaunu Vikipēdijas kontu</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Pusvad%C4%ABt%C4%81js" title="Aicinām tevi ieiet Vikipēdijā, tomēr tas nav obligāti. 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[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Ieiet Vikipēdijā</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Lapas redaktoriem, kuri nav pieslēgušies <a href="/wiki/Vikip%C4%93dija:Ievads" aria-label="Uzzini vairāk par rediģēšanu"><span>uzzināt vairāk</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="Labojumi, kas veikti no šīs IP adreses [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Devums</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Diskusija par labojumiem, kas izdarīti no šīs IP adreses [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Diskusijas</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Vietne"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Saturs" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Saturs</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">pārvietot uz sānjoslu</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">paslēpt</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Sākums</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Pamatpusvadītāji" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pamatpusvadītāji"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Pamatpusvadītāji</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pamatpusvadītāji-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Piejaukumu_pusvadītāji" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Piejaukumu_pusvadītāji"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Piejaukumu pusvadītāji</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Piejaukumu_pusvadītāji-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pusvadītāju_rezistori" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pusvadītāju_rezistori"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Pusvadītāju rezistori</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pusvadītāju_rezistori-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-p-n_pāreja" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#p-n_pāreja"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>p-n pāreja</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-p-n_pāreja-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pusvadītāju_diode" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pusvadītāju_diode"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Pusvadītāju diode</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pusvadītāju_diode-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tranzistors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tranzistors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Tranzistors</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tranzistors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Atsauces" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Atsauces"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Atsauces</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Atsauces-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Saturs" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Pārslēgt satura rādītāju" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Pārslēgt satura rādītāju</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Pusvadītājs</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Pāriet uz rakstu citā valodā. Pieejams 114 valodās" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-114" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">114 valodas</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halfgeleier" title="Halfgeleier – afrikandu" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Halfgeleier" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikandu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halbleiter" title="Halbleiter – Šveices vācu" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Halbleiter" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Šveices vācu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semiconductor" title="Semiconductor – aragoniešu" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Semiconductor" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragoniešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%A8%D9%87_%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B5%D9%84" title="شبه موصل – arābu" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="شبه موصل" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arābu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%B5_%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B2" title="نص دواز – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="نص دواز" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%85%E0%A7%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A7%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B9%E0%A7%80" title="অৰ্ধপৰিবাহী – asamiešu" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="অৰ্ধপৰিবাহী" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="asamiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semiconductor" title="Semiconductor – astūriešu" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Semiconductor" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="astūriešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yar%C4%B1mke%C3%A7irici" title="Yarımkeçirici – azerbaidžāņu" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Yarımkeçirici" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaidžāņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%85%E2%80%8C%DA%A9%D8%A6%DA%86%DB%8C%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AC%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%B1" title="یاریم‌کئچیریجیلر – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="یاریم‌کئچیریجیلر" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BC_%D2%AF%D1%82%D0%BA%D3%99%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%81" title="Ярым үткәргес – baškīru" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Ярым үткәргес" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baškīru" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoibloata" title="Hoibloata – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Hoibloata" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poslaid%C4%97nink%C4%93" title="Poslaidėninkē – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Poslaidėninkē" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%9E%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%BA" title="Паўправаднік – baltkrievu" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Паўправаднік" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="baltkrievu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%9E%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%BA" title="Паўправаднік – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Паўправаднік" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Полупроводник – bulgāru" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Полупроводник" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgāru" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A7%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B9%E0%A7%80" title="অর্ধপরিবাহী – bengāļu" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="অর্ধপরিবাহী" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengāļu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poluprovodnik" title="Poluprovodnik – bosniešu" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Poluprovodnik" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="vērtīgs raksts"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B4_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B6%D1%83%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%88%D0%B0" title="Хахад дамжуулагша – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Хахад дамжуулагша" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semiconductor" title="Semiconductor – katalāņu" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Semiconductor" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalāņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%85%DA%86%DB%95%DA%AF%DB%95%DB%8C%DB%95%D9%86%DB%95%D8%B1" title="نیمچەگەیەنەر – centrālkurdu" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="نیمچەگەیەنەر" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="centrālkurdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polovodi%C4%8D" title="Polovodič – čehu" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Polovodič" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="čehu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D1%8F%D1%80%C4%83%D1%88" title="Çурма ярăш – čuvašu" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Çурма ярăш" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="čuvašu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lled-ddargludydd" title="Lled-ddargludydd – velsiešu" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Lled-ddargludydd" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="velsiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halvleder" title="Halvleder – dāņu" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Halvleder" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dāņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halbleiter" title="Halbleiter – vācu" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Halbleiter" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="vācu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%97%CE%BC%CE%B9%CE%B1%CE%B3%CF%89%CE%B3%CF%8C%CF%82" title="Ημιαγωγός – grieķu" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ημιαγωγός" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grieķu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semiconductor" title="Semiconductor – angļu" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Semiconductor" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="angļu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duonkonduktanto" title="Duonkonduktanto – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Duonkonduktanto" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semiconductor" title="Semiconductor – spāņu" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Semiconductor" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spāņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pooljuht" title="Pooljuht – igauņu" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Pooljuht" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="igauņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erdieroale" title="Erdieroale – basku" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Erdieroale" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basku" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%85%E2%80%8C%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7" title="نیم‌رسانا – persiešu" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="نیم‌رسانا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puolijohde" title="Puolijohde – somu" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Puolijohde" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="somu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semi-conducteur" title="Semi-conducteur – franču" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Semi-conducteur" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franču" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hualewleiter" title="Hualewleiter – ziemeļfrīzu" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Hualewleiter" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="ziemeļfrīzu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heallieder" title="Heallieder – rietumfrīzu" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Heallieder" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="rietumfrīzu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leathsheolt%C3%B3ir" title="Leathsheoltóir – īru" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Leathsheoltóir" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="īru" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E5%B0%8E%E9%AB%94" title="半導體 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="半導體" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semicondutor" title="Semicondutor – galisiešu" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Semicondutor" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galisiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gor mw-list-item"><a href="https://gor.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semikonduktor" title="Semikonduktor – gorontalu" lang="gor" hreflang="gor" data-title="Semikonduktor" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Hulontalo" data-language-local-name="gorontalu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Hulontalo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%9A_%D7%9C%D7%9E%D7%97%D7%A6%D7%94" title="מוליך למחצה – ivrits" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מוליך למחצה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ivrits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5" title="अर्धचालक पदार्थ – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="अर्धचालक पदार्थ" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semiconductor" title="Semiconductor – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Semiconductor" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poluvodi%C4%8D" title="Poluvodič – horvātu" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Poluvodič" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="horvātu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semi-kondikt%C3%A8" title="Semi-kondiktè – haitiešu" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Semi-kondiktè" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="haitiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%A9lvezet%C5%91" title="Félvezető – ungāru" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Félvezető" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungāru" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%AB%D5%BD%D5%A1%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%B2%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%A4%D5%AB%D5%B9%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Կիսահաղորդիչներ – armēņu" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Կիսահաղորդիչներ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armēņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semiconductor" title="Semiconductor – interlingva" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Semiconductor" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingva" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semikonduktor" title="Semikonduktor – indonēziešu" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Semikonduktor" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonēziešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semiconductor" title="Semiconductor – interlingve" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Semiconductor" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="interlingve" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%A1lflei%C3%B0ari" title="Hálfleiðari – islandiešu" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Hálfleiðari" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semiconduttore" title="Semiconduttore – itāļu" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Semiconduttore" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="itāļu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E5%B0%8E%E4%BD%93" title="半導体 – japāņu" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="半導体" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japāņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semikandokta" title="Semikandokta – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Semikandokta" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semikonduktor" title="Semikonduktor – javiešu" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Semikonduktor" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%AE%E1%83%94%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%92%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="ნახევარგამტარი – gruzīnu" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ნახევარგამტარი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="gruzīnu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%88%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%96_%D3%A9%D1%82%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%88%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BA" title="Меншікті өткізгіштік – kazahu" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Меншікті өткізгіштік" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazahu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%85%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B9%E0%B2%95" title="ಅರೆವಾಹಕ – kannadu" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಅರೆವಾಹಕ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannadu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B0%98%EB%8F%84%EC%B2%B4" title="반도체 – korejiešu" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="반도체" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="korejiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%AEvragihbar" title="Nîvragihbar – kurdu" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Nîvragihbar" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BC_%D3%A9%D1%82%D0%BA%D3%A9%D1%80%D0%B3%D2%AF%D1%87" title="Жарым өткөргүч – kirgīzu" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Жарым өткөргүч" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgīzu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semiconductrum" title="Semiconductrum – latīņu" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Semiconductrum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latīņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D1%83%D1%80%D1%82%D1%83%D1%85%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B4%D0%B8" title="Зуртухудайди – lezgīnu" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Зуртухудайди" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="lezgīnu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semicondutor" title="Semicondutor – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Semicondutor" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puslaidininkis" title="Puslaidininkis – lietuviešu" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Puslaidininkis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lietuviešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mpampita_tapany" title="Mpampita tapany – malagasu" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Mpampita tapany" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malagasu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Полуспроводник – maķedoniešu" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Полуспроводник" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="maķedoniešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%85%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A7%E0%B4%9A%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82" title="അർദ്ധചാലകം – malajalu" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="അർദ്ധചാലകം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malajalu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%81_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B6%D1%83%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%87" title="Хагас дамжуулагч – mongoļu" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Хагас дамжуулагч" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongoļu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%95" title="अर्धवाहक – marathu" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="अर्धवाहक" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Separa_pengalir" title="Separa pengalir – malajiešu" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Separa pengalir" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%90%E1%80%95%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9C%E1%80%BB%E1%80%BE%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA%E1%80%80%E1%80%B0%E1%80%B8" title="တပိုင်းလျှပ်ကူး – birmiešu" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="တပိုင်းလျှပ်ကူး" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birmiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%85%D9%87_%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7" title="نیمه رسانا – mazanderāņu" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="نیمه رسانا" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazanderāņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halvleider" title="Halvleider – lejasvācu" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Halvleider" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="lejasvācu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5" title="अर्धचालक पदार्थ – nepāliešu" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="अर्धचालक पदार्थ" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepāliešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halfgeleider_(vastestoffysica)" title="Halfgeleider (vastestoffysica) – holandiešu" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Halfgeleider (vastestoffysica)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="holandiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halvleiar" title="Halvleiar – jaunnorvēģu" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Halvleiar" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="jaunnorvēģu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halvleder" title="Halvleder – norvēģu bukmols" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Halvleder" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvēģu bukmols" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semiconductor" title="Semiconductor – oksitāņu" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Semiconductor" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="oksitāņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A7%E0%A8%9A%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%95" title="ਅਰਧਚਾਲਕ – pandžabu" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਅਰਧਚਾਲਕ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="pandžabu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%B3%C5%82przewodniki" title="Półprzewodniki – poļu" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Półprzewodniki" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poļu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%85%DB%8C_%DA%A9%D9%86%DA%88%DA%A9%D9%B9%D8%B1" title="سیمی کنڈکٹر – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="سیمی کنڈکٹر" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semicondutor" title="Semicondutor – portugāļu" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Semicondutor" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugāļu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuskan_pusaq" title="Kuskan pusaq – kečvu" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Kuskan pusaq" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="kečvu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semiconductor" title="Semiconductor – rumāņu" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Semiconductor" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumāņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Полупроводник – krievu" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Полупроводник" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="krievu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semiconductor" title="Semiconductor – skotu" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Semiconductor" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="skotu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poluprovodnik" title="Poluprovodnik – serbu–horvātu" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Poluprovodnik" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbu–horvātu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%85%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%B0_%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%BA%E0%B6%9A" title="අර්ධ සන්නායක – singāļu" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="අර්ධ සන්නායක" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="singāļu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semiconductor" title="Semiconductor – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Semiconductor" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polovodi%C4%8D" title="Polovodič – slovāku" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Polovodič" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovāku" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polprevodnik" title="Polprevodnik – slovēņu" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Polprevodnik" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovēņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gjysm%C3%ABp%C3%ABrcjell%C3%ABsi" title="Gjysmëpërcjellësi – albāņu" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Gjysmëpërcjellësi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albāņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Полупроводник – serbu" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Полупроводник" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoolichlaitere" title="Hoolichlaitere – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Hoolichlaitere" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halvledare" title="Halvledare – zviedru" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Halvledare" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="zviedru" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semikonda" title="Semikonda – svahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Semikonda" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="svahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF" title="குறைகடத்தி – tamilu" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="குறைகடத்தி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tcy mw-list-item"><a href="https://tcy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%85%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B9%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8A" title="ಅರೆವಾಹಕೊ – Tulu" lang="tcy" hreflang="tcy" data-title="ಅರೆವಾಹಕೊ" data-language-autonym="ತುಳು" data-language-local-name="Tulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ತುಳು</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%85%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A7%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B9%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%82" title="అర్ధవాహకం – telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="అర్ధవాహకం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B6%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B3" title="สารกึ่งตัวนำ – taju" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="สารกึ่งตัวนำ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="taju" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semikonduktor" title="Semikonduktor – tagalu" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Semikonduktor" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yar%C4%B1_iletken" title="Yarı iletken – turku" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Yarı iletken" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turku" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%96%D0%B2%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Напівпровідник – ukraiņu" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Напівпровідник" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukraiņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%85_%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B5%D9%84" title="نیم موصل – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="نیم موصل" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yarimo%CA%BBtkazgichning_turlari" title="Yarimoʻtkazgichning turlari – uzbeku" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Yarimoʻtkazgichning turlari" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbeku" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pol%27veim" title="Pol'veim – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Pol'veim" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%E1%BA%A5t_b%C3%A1n_d%E1%BA%ABn" title="Chất bán dẫn – vjetnamiešu" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Chất bán dẫn" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vjetnamiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semikonduktor" title="Semikonduktor – varaju" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Semikonduktor" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="varaju" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E5%AF%BC%E4%BD%93" title="半导体 – vu ķīniešu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="半导体" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="vu ķīniešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%91-%D7%93%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%9B%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%A2%D7%A8" title="האלב-דורכפירער – jidišs" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="האלב-דורכפירער" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="jidišs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E5%AF%BC%E4%BD%93" title="半导体 – ķīniešu" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="半导体" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="ķīniešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Po%C3%A0n-t%C5%8D-th%C3%A9" title="Poàn-tō-thé – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Poàn-tō-thé" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E5%B0%8E%E9%AB%94" title="半導體 – kantoniešu" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="半導體" data-language-autonym="粵語" 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typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Att%C4%93ls:Semiconductor-1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Semiconductor-1.jpg/237px-Semiconductor-1.jpg" decoding="async" width="237" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Semiconductor-1.jpg/356px-Semiconductor-1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8d/Semiconductor-1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="236" /></a><figcaption>Dažas pusvadītāju tehnoloģijas- <a href="/wiki/Operacion%C4%81lais_pastiprin%C4%81t%C4%81js" title="Operacionālais pastiprinātājs">operācijpastiprinātājs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gaismas_diode" title="Gaismas diode">gaismas diode</a> un <a href="/wiki/Tranzistors" title="Tranzistors">tranzistors</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Pusvadītājs</b> ir materiāls, kas <a href="/wiki/Elektr%C4%ABba" title="Elektrība">elektrības</a> vadīšanas spējas ziņā ierindojams starp <a href="/wiki/Met%C4%81ls" class="mw-redirect" title="Metāls">metāliem</a> (strāvas vadītājiem) un <a href="/wiki/Dielektri%C4%B7is" title="Dielektriķis">dielektriķiem</a>, un kura elektrovadītspēja ir atkarīga no <a href="/wiki/Elektrons" title="Elektrons">elektronu</a> kustības rakstura. Pie pusvadītājiem pieder daudzi <a href="/wiki/%C4%B6%C4%ABmisko_elementu_periodisk%C4%81_tabula" title="Ķīmisko elementu periodiskā tabula">ķīmisko elementu periodiskās tabulas</a> IV, V un VI grupas elementi, tādi kā <a href="/wiki/Germ%C4%81nijs" title="Germānijs">germānijs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sil%C4%ABcijs" title="Silīcijs">silīcijs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fosfors" title="Fosfors">fosfors</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sel%C4%93ns" title="Selēns">selēns</a>, daži <a href="/wiki/Miner%C4%81li" class="mw-redirect" title="Minerāli">minerāli</a> un citi. Pusvadītāji ir ārkārtīgi jutīgi pret ārējo iedarbību (<a href="/wiki/Temperat%C5%ABra" title="Temperatūra">temperatūras</a>, apgaismojuma pakāpes maiņu, <a href="/wiki/Radioaktivit%C4%81te" title="Radioaktivitāte">radioaktīvo</a> starojumu). Šīs pusvadītāju īpašības plaši izmanto dažādai <a href="/wiki/Ener%C4%A3ija" title="Enerģija">enerģijas</a> pārveidošanai, it īpaši, lai iegūtu aukstumu, <a href="/wiki/Siltums" title="Siltums">siltumu</a>, elektrisko enerģiju no siltuma (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Termoelektro%C4%A3enerators&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Termoelektroģenerators (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">termoelektroģenerators</a>), no staru enerģijas (<a href="/wiki/Fotoelements" title="Fotoelements">fotoelements</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saules_baterija" title="Saules baterija">saules baterija</a>), no <a href="/wiki/Joniz%C4%93jo%C5%A1ais_starojums" title="Jonizējošais starojums">radioaktīvā izstarojuma</a> enerģijas (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Atombaterija&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Atombaterija (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">atombaterija</a>) utt. Ar pusvadītāju aparātu palīdzību ģenerē, pastiprina un transformē <a href="/wiki/Mai%C5%86str%C4%81va" title="Maiņstrāva">maiņstrāvu</a>. Gandrīz jebkuras mūsdienu <a href="/wiki/Elektronika" title="Elektronika">elektroniskās</a> ierīces darbība balstās uz pusvadītāju fizikālajām īpašībām. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pamatpusvadītāji"><span id="Pamatpusvad.C4.ABt.C4.81ji"></span>Pamatpusvadītāji</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pusvad%C4%ABt%C4%81js&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Labot sadaļu: Pamatpusvadītāji" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>labot šo sadaļu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pusvad%C4%ABt%C4%81js&action=edit&section=1" title="Labot sadaļas vikikodu: Pamatpusvadītāji"><span>labot pirmkodu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Att%C4%93ls:Silicon.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Silicon.jpg/220px-Silicon.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Silicon.jpg/330px-Silicon.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Silicon.jpg/440px-Silicon.jpg 2x" data-file-width="948" data-file-height="948" /></a><figcaption>Silīcija kristāli ir visbiežāk sastopamie pusvadītāja materiāli, kurus izmanto mikroelektronikā un saules baterijās.</figcaption></figure> <p>Pusvadītājus raksturo: </p><p>1) izteikta <a href="/wiki/Elektrovad%C4%ABtsp%C4%93ja" title="Elektrovadītspēja">elektrovadītspējas</a> atkarība no dažādiem ārējiem faktoriem, piemēram, <a href="/wiki/Temperat%C5%ABra" title="Temperatūra">temperatūras</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Apgaismojums&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Apgaismojums (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">apgaismojuma</a>;<br /> 2) negatīvs pretestības termiskais koeficients — pretestības atkarība no temperatūras ir pretēja nekā <a href="/wiki/Met%C4%81li" title="Metāli">metāliem</a>;<br /> 3) elektrovadītspējas lielā jutība pret piejaukumvielām. </p><p>Visbiežāk lietotie pamatpusvadītāji ir <a href="/wiki/Dmitrijs_Mende%C4%BCejevs" title="Dmitrijs Mendeļejevs">Mendeļejeva</a> ķīmisko elementu periodiskās sistēmas ceturtās <a href="/wiki/Periodisk%C4%81s_tabulas_grupa" title="Periodiskās tabulas grupa">grupas</a> elementi <a href="/wiki/Sil%C4%ABcijs" title="Silīcijs">silīcijs</a> Si un <a href="/wiki/Germ%C4%81nijs" title="Germānijs">germānijs</a> Ge. Pamatpusvadītāji ir ļoti tīras <a href="/wiki/Krist%C4%81lisk%C4%81_strukt%C5%ABra" title="Kristāliskā struktūra">kristāliskas vielas</a>. Piemēram, starp 10<sup>11</sup> silīcija <a href="/wiki/Atoms" title="Atoms">atomiem</a> nedrīkst būt vairāk par vienu piejaukumvielas atomu.<br /> Silīcija un germānija atomu ārējā <a href="/w/index.php?title=Elektronu_%C4%8Daula&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elektronu čaula (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">elektronu čaulā</a> ir četri <a href="/wiki/V%C4%93rt%C4%ABbas_elektrons" title="Vērtības elektrons">valences elektroni</a>. Starp diviem šo elementu kristālrežģa blakus atomiem pastāv <a href="/wiki/Kovalent%C4%81_saite" title="Kovalentā saite">kovalentā saite</a>, ko veido divi valences elektroni, kuri vienlaikus pieder abiem atomiem. Līdz ar to katra atoma ārējā elektronu čaulā četru vietā ir it kā astoņi valences elektroni, un tā ir aizpildīta. <br /> Ja pusvadītāja temperatūra ir tuva <a href="/wiki/Absol%C5%ABt%C4%81_nulle" title="Absolūtā nulle">absolūtajai nullei</a>, tad visi tā <a href="/wiki/Elektrons" title="Elektrons">elektroni</a> ir saistīti šādās kovalentajās saitēs, brīvu <a href="/wiki/Elektriskais_l%C4%81di%C5%86%C5%A1" title="Elektriskais lādiņš">lādiņ</a>nesēju elektronu tikpat kā nav un pusvadītājs līdzīgi <a href="/wiki/Dielektri%C4%B7is" title="Dielektriķis">dielektriķim</a> <a href="/wiki/Elektrisk%C4%81_str%C4%81va" title="Elektriskā strāva">elektrisko strāvu</a> nevada. Augstākā temperatūrā kristālrežģa atomi intensīvāk <a href="/wiki/Sv%C4%81rst%C4%ABbas" title="Svārstības">svārstās</a> un kāda no kovalentajām saitēm sabrūk. Tad rodas brīvs elektrons, bet atbrīvotajā kovalentajā saitē paliek vakanta vieta — <a href="/w/index.php?title=Caurums_(pusvad%C4%ABt%C4%81ju_fizika)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Caurums (pusvadītāju fizika) (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">caurums</a>, kas izturas kā pozitīvs lādiņnesējs. Tādejādi izveidojas lādiņnesēju pāris. Kristālrežģa svārstību dēļ caurumu var aizpildīt elektrons no blakusatoma kovalentās saites, atstājot caurumu tajā. Šādam procesam turpinoties, caurums pārvietojas. Ja caurumā nonāk brīvais elektrons, tad notiek brīvo lādiņnesēju elektrona un cauruma <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rekombin%C4%81cija_(pusvad%C4%ABt%C4%81ju_fizika)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rekombinācija (pusvadītāju fizika) (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">rekombinācija</a>. Nemainīgā temperatūrā elektrona—cauruma rekombināciju skaits ir vienāds ar radušos brīvo lādiņnesēju pāru elektrons—caurums skaitu un pusvadītājs kopumā ir elektroneitrāls. Paaugstinot pusvadītāja temperatūru, pieaug kristālrežģa svārstību <a href="/wiki/Amplit%C5%ABda" title="Amplitūda">amplitūdas</a> un palielinās arī brīvo elektronu un caurumu skaits, kas savukārt palielina pusvadītāja elektrovadītspēju. Šāda elektrovadītspējas palielināšanās, paaugstinoties temperatūrai, ir pusvadītājiem raksturīga īpašība, ar kuru tie atšķiras no metāliem (temperatūrai paaugstinoties, metālu elektrovadītspēja samazinās). Pieslēdzot pamatpusvadītāju baterijai, pusvadītājā rodas <a href="/wiki/Elektriskais_lauks" title="Elektriskais lauks">elektriskais lauks</a>, kurā brīvie elektroni un caurumi pārvietojas pretējos virzienos. Tātad caur pusvadītāju plūstošo strāvu rada gan brīvie elektroni, gan caurumi, un pilnā strāva ir brīvo elektronu un caurumu radīto strāvu summa.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Piejaukumu_pusvadītāji"><span id="Piejaukumu_pusvad.C4.ABt.C4.81ji"></span>Piejaukumu pusvadītāji</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pusvad%C4%ABt%C4%81js&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Labot sadaļu: Piejaukumu pusvadītāji" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>labot šo sadaļu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pusvad%C4%ABt%C4%81js&action=edit&section=2" title="Labot sadaļas vikikodu: Piejaukumu pusvadītāji"><span>labot pirmkodu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Att%C4%93ls:Schema_-_p-dotiertes_Silicium.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Schema_-_p-dotiertes_Silicium.svg/220px-Schema_-_p-dotiertes_Silicium.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Schema_-_p-dotiertes_Silicium.svg/330px-Schema_-_p-dotiertes_Silicium.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Schema_-_p-dotiertes_Silicium.svg/440px-Schema_-_p-dotiertes_Silicium.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="775" data-file-height="775" /></a><figcaption>P-tipa piejaukuma pusvadītājs - galvenie lādiņnesēji būs pozitīvie caurumi, jo alumīnijam ir tikai 3 valences elektroni, tas atņems silīcijam kovalentas saites elektronu un caurums tiks padots tālāk</figcaption></figure> <p>Pusvadītāju elektrovadītspēju ievērojami palielina citu <a href="/wiki/%C4%B6%C4%ABmiskais_elements" title="Ķīmiskais elements">ķīmisko elementu</a> piejaukumi. Šādas vielas ir piejaukumu pusvadītāji. </p><p>Pamatpusvadītājiem nedaudz piejaucot piektās grupas elementus, kuru atomiem ir pieci valences elektroni, piemēram, <a href="/wiki/Ars%C4%93ns" title="Arsēns">arsēnu</a> As, <a href="/wiki/Antimons" title="Antimons">antimonu</a> Sb vai <a href="/wiki/Bismuts" title="Bismuts">bismutu</a> Bi, piejaukumvielas atomu četri valences elektroni izveido kovalentās saites ar pamatpusvadītāja atomiem, bet piektais valences elektrons atbrīvojas un kļūst par brīvu lādiņnesēju, kas palielina pusvadītāja elektrovadītspēju. Piektās grupas elementu piejaukumus, kuru atomi viegli atbrīvo vienu no valences elektroniem, sauc par donorpiejaukumiem. Piejaukuma pusvadītāju, kurā ir liela brīvo elektronu koncentrācija, sauc par elektronu jeb n tipa pusvadītāju. </p><p>Pamatpusvadītājam nelielā daudzumā piejaucot trešās grupas elementus, kuru atomiem ir trīs valences elektroni, piemēram, <a href="/wiki/Alum%C4%ABnijs" title="Alumīnijs">alumīniju</a> Al, <a href="/wiki/Bors" title="Bors">boru</a> B vai <a href="/wiki/Indijs" title="Indijs">indiju</a> In, piejaukumatoma trīs valences elektroni veido kovalentās saites ar pamatpusvadītāja atomiem, bet ceturtajai kovalentajai saitei nepieciešamo elektronu piejaukumatomus atņem pamatpusvadītājam. Tad pamatpusvadītāja atomā ir atbrīvojusies viena kovalentā saite — radies caurums, kas var brīvi pārvietoties. Trešās grupas elementus, kas saista pamatpusvadītāja elektronus, sauc par akceptorpiejaukumiem, bet piejaukumu pusvadītāju, kurā ir liela caurumu koncentrācija, — par caurumu jeb p tipa pusvadītāju. </p><p>Jebkurā piejaukuma pusvadītājā ievērojamā vairākumā ir pamatpusvadītāja atomu. To kovalentās saites sabrūk jau istabas temperatūrā, tādējādi radot brīvos elektronus un caurumus. Tāpēc n tipa pusvadītājā bez majoritātes (vairākuma) lādiņnesējiem elektroniem, ir arī minoritātes (mazākuma) ladiņnesēji caurumi, bet p tipa pusvadītājā bez majoritātes lādiņnesējiem caurumiem, ir arī minoritātes lādiņnesēji elektroni. Piemēram, p tipa silīcijam sasilstot, no silīcija atoma atbrīvojās elektrons, kas kļūst par minoritātes lādiņnesēju, bet atbrīvotajā vietā rodas caurums, kas papildina majoritātes lādiņnesēju skaitu.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pusvadītāju_rezistori"><span id="Pusvad.C4.ABt.C4.81ju_rezistori"></span>Pusvadītāju rezistori</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pusvad%C4%ABt%C4%81js&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Labot sadaļu: Pusvadītāju rezistori" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>labot šo sadaļu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pusvad%C4%ABt%C4%81js&action=edit&section=3" title="Labot sadaļas vikikodu: Pusvadītāju rezistori"><span>labot pirmkodu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><div class="noprint"><i>Pamatraksts: <a href="/wiki/Rezistors" title="Rezistors">Rezistors</a> </i></div></dd></dl> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Att%C4%93ls:Photoresistor_with_orange_background-7536.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Photoresistor_with_orange_background-7536.jpg/220px-Photoresistor_with_orange_background-7536.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Photoresistor_with_orange_background-7536.jpg/330px-Photoresistor_with_orange_background-7536.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Photoresistor_with_orange_background-7536.jpg/440px-Photoresistor_with_orange_background-7536.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3657" data-file-height="2743" /></a><figcaption>Fotorezistors- gaismas <a href="/wiki/Kvants" title="Kvants">kvantiem</a> apstarojot virsmu, pamazinās rezistora pretestība <a href="/wiki/Fotoelektriskais_efekts" title="Fotoelektriskais efekts">fotoelektriskā efekta</a> dēļ.</figcaption></figure> <p>Pusvadītāju rezistoru darbība pamatojas uz pusvadītāju īpašību mainīt <a href="/wiki/Elektrisk%C4%81_pretest%C4%ABba" title="Elektriskā pretestība">pretestību</a> ārēju faktoru ietekmē. Praksē visbiežāk izmanto <a href="/w/index.php?title=Termistors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Termistors (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">termistorus</a>. Termistors ir pusvadītāja rezistors ar lielu <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pretest%C4%ABbas_termiskais_koeficients&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pretestības termiskais koeficients (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">pretestības termisko koeficientu</a>, un tā pretestība, temperatūrai paaugstinoties, strauji samazinās. Termistora voltampēru raksturlīkne ir lineāra tikai sākumposmā. Patiešām, ja strāva ir maza, arī rezistorā izdalītais siltuma daudzums ir neliels. Termistors tikpat kā nesasilst, tā pretesība būtiski nemainās, un saskaņā ar <a href="/wiki/Oma_likums" title="Oma likums">Oma likumu</a> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle U=IR}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>U</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mi>I</mi> <mi>R</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle U=IR}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/1235fac150b329e877672e4d90a3db16cd01b4bc" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:7.817ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle U=IR}"></span>, kur <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle R\approx const}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>R</mi> <mo>≈</mo> <mi>c</mi> <mi>o</mi> <mi>n</mi> <mi>s</mi> <mi>t</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle R\approx const}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/566127140175eab73fcca9ed059f5560fb240be8" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:10.322ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle R\approx const}"></span>. Palielinoties strāvai, rezistora temperatūra pakāpeniski pieaug. Noteiktā temperatūrā tā pretestība sāk strauji samazināties. Tas arī izraisa sprieguma krituma samazināšanos. </p><p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fotorezistors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fotorezistors (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">Fotorezistoru</a> darbības pamatā ir pusvadītāja īpašība samazināt pretestību <a href="/wiki/Gaisma" title="Gaisma">gaismas</a> ietekmē. Neapgaismotā fotorezistorā ir maz brīvo lādiņnesēju pāru. Apgaismojot fotorezistoru, gaismas <a href="/wiki/Ener%C4%A3ija" title="Enerģija">enerģijas</a> ietekmē sabrūk kovalentās saites, rodas brīvi lādiņnesēji un samazinās rezistora pretestība. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Varistors" title="Varistors">Varistoros</a> izmanto pusvadītāja (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sil%C4%ABcija_karb%C4%ABds&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Silīcija karbīds (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">silīcija karbīda</a>) īpašību samazināt pretestību, pieaugot <a href="/wiki/Spriegums" title="Spriegums">spriegumam</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="p-n_pāreja"><span id="p-n_p.C4.81reja"></span>p-n pāreja</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pusvad%C4%ABt%C4%81js&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Labot sadaļu: p-n pāreja" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>labot šo sadaļu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pusvad%C4%ABt%C4%81js&action=edit&section=4" title="Labot sadaļas vikikodu: p-n pāreja"><span>labot pirmkodu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><div class="noprint"><i>Pamatraksts: <a href="/wiki/P-n_p%C4%81reja" title="P-n pāreja">P-n pāreja</a> </i></div></dd></dl> <p>P-n pāreja ir robežslanis starp n tipa un p tipa apgabaliem. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pusvadītāju_diode"><span id="Pusvad.C4.ABt.C4.81ju_diode"></span>Pusvadītāju diode</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pusvad%C4%ABt%C4%81js&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Labot sadaļu: Pusvadītāju diode" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>labot šo sadaļu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pusvad%C4%ABt%C4%81js&action=edit&section=5" title="Labot sadaļas vikikodu: Pusvadītāju diode"><span>labot pirmkodu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><div class="noprint"><i>Pamatraksts: <a href="/wiki/Diode" title="Diode">Diode</a> </i></div></dd></dl> <p>Pusvadītāju diode ir no pusvadītāja izveidots p-n pāreja, kura ievietota hermētiskā <a href="/wiki/Met%C4%81li" title="Metāli">metāla</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stikls" title="Stikls">stikla</a> vai <a href="/wiki/Plastmasas" title="Plastmasas">plastmasas</a> korpusā. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tranzistors">Tranzistors</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pusvad%C4%ABt%C4%81js&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Labot sadaļu: Tranzistors" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>labot šo sadaļu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pusvad%C4%ABt%C4%81js&action=edit&section=6" title="Labot sadaļas vikikodu: Tranzistors"><span>labot pirmkodu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><div class="noprint"><i>Pamatraksts: <a href="/wiki/Tranzistors" title="Tranzistors">Tranzistors</a> </i></div></dd></dl> <p>Tranzistors sastāv no divām <a href="/wiki/Virknes_un_paral%C4%93lais_sl%C4%93gums" title="Virknes un paralēlais slēgums">virknē slēgtām</a> p-n pārejām. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Atsauces">Atsauces</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pusvad%C4%ABt%C4%81js&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Labot sadaļu: Atsauces" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>labot šo sadaļu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pusvad%C4%ABt%C4%81js&action=edit&section=7" title="Labot sadaļas vikikodu: Atsauces"><span>labot pirmkodu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="references-small" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:0-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-0">1,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-1">1,1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-2">1,2</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book">V. Fļorovs, I. Kolangs, P. Puķītis, E. Šilters. <i>Fizikas rokasgrāmata</i>. Zvaigzne, 1985. 234.—243. lpp.</span></span> </li> </ol></div> <table cellspacing="0" class="navbox" style="border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:2px;"><table cellspacing="0" class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/wiki/Autoritat%C4%ABv%C4%81_vad%C4%ABba" title="Autoritatīvā vadība">Autoritatīvā vadība</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em;"> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/identities/lccn-sh85-119903">WorldCat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latvijas_Nacion%C4%81l%C4%81_bibliot%C4%93ka" title="Latvijas Nacionālā bibliotēka">LNB</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F/?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000061892">000061892</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kongresa_bibliot%C4%93ka" title="Kongresa bibliotēka">LCCN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/sh85119903">sh85119903</a></span></li> <li>GND: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://d-nb.info/gnd/4022993-2">4022993-2</a></span></li> <li>BNF: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11935848w">cb11935848w</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11935848w">(data)</a></span></li> <li>NDL: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00562913">00562913</a></span></li> <li>NKC: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph124272&CON_LNG=ENG">ph124272</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Saturs iegūts no "<a dir="ltr" href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pusvadītājs&oldid=3876057">https://lv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pusvadītājs&oldid=3876057</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Special:Categories" title="Special:Categories">Kategorija</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Pusvad%C4%ABt%C4%81ji" title="Kategorija:Pusvadītāji">Pusvadītāji</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Šī lapa pēdējoreiz labota: 2023. gada 29. jūnijs plkst. 13.38.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Teksts ir pieejams saskaņā ar <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike licenci</a>; var pastāvēt papildu ierobežojumi. 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