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class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Sadržaj</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">premjesti</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sakrij</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Početak</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Glavne_skupine_periodnoga_sustava" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Glavne_skupine_periodnoga_sustava"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Glavne skupine periodnoga sustava</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Glavne_skupine_periodnoga_sustava-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Sadržaj cjeline Glavne skupine periodnoga sustava</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Glavne_skupine_periodnoga_sustava-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sustav" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sustav"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Sustav</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sustav-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Elektronska_konfiguracija" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Elektronska_konfiguracija"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Elektronska konfiguracija</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Elektronska_konfiguracija-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Izgradnja_periodnog_sustava_elemenata" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Izgradnja_periodnog_sustava_elemenata"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Izgradnja periodnog sustava elemenata</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Izgradnja_periodnog_sustava_elemenata-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Povijest" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Povijest"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Povijest</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Povijest-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Sadržaj cjeline Povijest</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Povijest-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Pravi_otkrivači_periodnoga_sustava" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pravi_otkrivači_periodnoga_sustava"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Pravi otkrivači periodnoga sustava</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pravi_otkrivači_periodnoga_sustava-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vrste_kemijskih_elemenata" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vrste_kemijskih_elemenata"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Vrste kemijskih elemenata</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vrste_kemijskih_elemenata-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ostalo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ostalo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Ostalo</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ostalo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Izvori" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Izvori"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Izvori</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Izvori-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vanjske_poveznice" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vanjske_poveznice"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Vanjske poveznice</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vanjske_poveznice-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Sadržaj" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Prikaz sadržaja stranice" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Prikaz sadržaja stranice</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Periodni sustav elemenata</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Idi na druge jezične varijante članka. Dostupan je na 202 jezika" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-202" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">202 jezika</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D2%9B%D3%99%D0%B0_%D1%80%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D3%99_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Аелементқәа рпериодикатә система – abhaski" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Аелементқәа рпериодикатә система" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="abhaski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodieke_tabel" title="Periodieke tabel – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Periodieke tabel" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodensystem" title="Periodensystem – švicarski njemački" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Periodensystem" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="švicarski njemački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8B%A8%E1%8A%95%E1%8C%A5%E1%88%A8_%E1%8A%90%E1%8C%88%E1%88%AE%E1%89%BD_%E1%88%A0%E1%8A%95%E1%8C%A0%E1%88%A8%E1%8B%A5" title="የንጥረ ነገሮች ሠንጠረዥ – amharski" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="የንጥረ ነገሮች ሠንጠረዥ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amharski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabla_periodica_d%27os_elementos" title="Tabla periodica d'os elementos – aragonski" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Tabla periodica d'os elementos" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%80" title="आवर्त सारणी – angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="आवर्त सारणी" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A" title="الجدول الدوري – arapski" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الجدول الدوري" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arapski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B7%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%84%D9%88_%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A" title="طابلو دوري – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="طابلو دوري" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84_%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%89" title="جدول دورى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جدول دورى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%83%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4_%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE" title="পৰ্যাবৃত্ত তালিকা – asamski" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="পৰ্যাবৃত্ত তালিকা" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="asamski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabla_peri%C3%B3dica" title="Tabla periódica – asturijski" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Tabla periódica" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B2" title="पीरियॉडिक टेबल – awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="पीरियॉडिक टेबल" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kimy%C9%99vi_elementl%C9%99rin_d%C3%B6vri_sistemi" title="Kimyəvi elementlərin dövri sistemi – azerbajdžanski" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Kimyəvi elementlərin dövri sistemi" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbajdžanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%DB%8C%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%84%D8%B1_%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%88" title="شیمیایی المنتلر تابلوسو – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="شیمیایی المنتلر تابلوسو" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D2%99%D1%8B%D2%A3_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D2%BB%D1%8B" title="Химик элементтарҙың периодик системаһы – baškirski" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Химик элементтарҙың периодик системаһы" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baškirski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tab%C3%A9l_p%C3%A9riodik" title="Tabél périodik – balijski" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Tabél périodik" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="balijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodnsystem" title="Periodnsystem – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Periodnsystem" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mendeliej%C4%97va_kem%C4%97niu_elementu_lental%C4%97" title="Mendeliejėva kemėniu elementu lentalė – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Mendeliejėva kemėniu elementu lentalė" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peryodikong_tableta" title="Peryodikong tableta – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Peryodikong tableta" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%8F%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%9E" title="Перыядычная сістэма элементаў – bjeloruski" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Перыядычная сістэма элементаў" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bjeloruski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%8F%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D1%85%D1%96%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85_%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%9E" title="Пэрыядычная сыстэма хімічных элемэнтаў – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Пэрыядычная сыстэма хімічных элемэнтаў" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Периодична система – bugarski" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Периодична система" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bugarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B2" title="पीरियॉडिक टेबल – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="पीरियॉडिक टेबल" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-blk mw-list-item"><a href="https://blk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%91%E1%80%B2%E1%80%B7%E1%80%9B%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B7%EA%A9%BB_%E1%80%91%E1%80%AC%EA%A9%BB%E1%80%9B%E1%80%BD%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA" title="အထဲ့ရော့ꩻ ထာꩻရွောင် – Pa'O" lang="blk" hreflang="blk" data-title="အထဲ့ရော့ꩻ ထာꩻရွောင်" data-language-autonym="ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-local-name="Pa'O" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A3%E0%A6%BF" title="পর্যায় সারণি – bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="পর্যায় সারণি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A2%E0%BE%A9%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BE%AB%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%80%E0%BE%B1%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%91%E0%BD%B4%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A0%E0%BD%81%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%A2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BD%BA%E0%BD%A0%E0%BD%B4%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%98%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%82%E0%BC%8D" title="རྩ་རྫས་ཀྱི་དུས་འཁོར་རེའུ་མིག། – tibetski" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="རྩ་རྫས་ཀྱི་དུས་འཁོར་རེའུ་མིག།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="tibetski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A3%E0%A7%80" title="পর্যায় সারণী – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="পর্যায় সারণী" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taolenn_beriodek_an_elfenno%C3%B9" title="Taolenn beriodek an elfennoù – bretonski" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Taolenn beriodek an elfennoù" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodni_sistem_elemenata" title="Periodni sistem elemenata – bosanski" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Periodni sistem elemenata" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%AE%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%85%D1%8D_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8D" title="Үелхэ системэ – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Үелхэ системэ" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taula_peri%C3%B2dica" title="Taula periòdica – katalonski" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Taula periòdica" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ngu%C3%B2ng-s%C3%B3_ci%C5%AD-g%C4%AD-bi%C4%93u" title="Nguòng-só ciŭ-gĭ-biēu – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Nguòng-só ciŭ-gĭ-biēu" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D1%85%D3%80%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B3%D3%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Химин хӀумалгийн рогӀаллин система – čečenski" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Химин хӀумалгийн рогӀаллин система" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="čečenski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talaang_peryodiko" title="Talaang peryodiko – cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Talaang peryodiko" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%B4%D8%AA%DB%95%DB%8C_%D8%AE%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C" title="خشتەی خولی – soranski kurdski" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="خشتەی خولی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="soranski kurdski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tavola_periodica" title="Tavola periodica – korzički" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Tavola periodica" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="korzički" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodick%C3%A1_tabulka" title="Periodická tabulka – češki" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Periodická tabulka" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="češki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%82%C4%83%D0%BC%C4%95" title="Элементсен периодла тытăмĕ – čuvaški" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Элементсен периодла тытăмĕ" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="čuvaški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabl_cyfnodol" title="Tabl cyfnodol – velški" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Tabl cyfnodol" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="velški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="preporučeni članak"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodiske_system" title="Periodiske system – danski" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Periodiske system" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="izabrani članak"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodensystem" title="Periodensystem – njemački" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Periodensystem" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="njemački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabloyo_periyodik" title="Tabloyo periyodik – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Tabloyo periyodik" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%95%DE%A9%DE%83%DE%A8%DE%87%DE%A6%DE%91%DE%A8%DE%86%DE%B0_%DE%8C%DE%A7%DE%88%DE%A6%DE%8D%DE%AA" title="ޕީރިއަޑިކް ތާވަލު – divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ޕީރިއަޑިކް ތާވަލު" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BF%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C%CF%82_%CF%80%CE%AF%CE%BD%CE%B1%CE%BA%CE%B1%CF%82_%CF%84%CF%89%CE%BD_%CF%87%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8E%CE%BD_%CF%83%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%B9%CF%87%CE%B5%CE%AF%CF%89%CE%BD" title="Περιοδικός πίνακας των χημικών στοιχείων – grčki" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Περιοδικός πίνακας των χημικών στοιχείων" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grčki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="izabrani članak"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodic_table" title="Periodic table – engleski" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Periodic table" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engleski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perioda_tabelo" title="Perioda tabelo – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Perioda tabelo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabla_peri%C3%B3dica_de_los_elementos" title="Tabla periódica de los elementos – španjolski" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Tabla periódica de los elementos" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="španjolski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keemiliste_elementide_perioodilisuss%C3%BCsteem" title="Keemiliste elementide perioodilisussüsteem – estonski" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Keemiliste elementide perioodilisussüsteem" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taula_periodikoa" title="Taula periodikoa – baskijski" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Taula periodikoa" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabra_peri%C3%BAdica_e_los_elementus" title="Tabra periúdica e los elementus – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Tabra periúdica e los elementus" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="dobri članak"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84_%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%A8%DB%8C" title="جدول تناوبی – perzijski" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جدول تناوبی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="perzijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="preporučeni članak"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaksollinen_j%C3%A4rjestelm%C3%A4" title="Jaksollinen järjestelmä – finski" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Jaksollinen järjestelmä" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mendelejevi_tap%C3%B5l" title="Mendelejevi tapõl – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Mendelejevi tapõl" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skei%C3%B0bundna_skipanin" title="Skeiðbundna skipanin – ferojski" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Skeiðbundna skipanin" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="ferojski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tableau_p%C3%A9riodique_des_%C3%A9l%C3%A9ments" title="Tableau périodique des éléments – francuski" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Tableau périodique des éléments" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francuski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="dobri članak"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perioodisch_tab%C3%A4le" title="Perioodisch tabäle – sjevernofrizijski" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Perioodisch tabäle" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="sjevernofrizijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabele_periodiche" title="Tabele periodiche – furlanski" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Tabele periodiche" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="furlanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodyk_systeem_fan_de_eleminten" title="Periodyk systeem fan de eleminten – zapadnofrizijski" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Periodyk systeem fan de eleminten" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="zapadnofrizijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A1bla_peiriadach" title="Tábla peiriadach – irski" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Tábla peiriadach" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%E9%80%B1%E6%9C%9F%E8%A1%A8" title="元素週期表 – gan kineski" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="元素週期表" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="gan kineski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tablo_p%C3%A9ryodik_di_s%C3%A9_%C3%A9l%C3%A9man" title="Tablo péryodik di sé éléman – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Tablo péryodik di sé éléman" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cl%C3%A0r_pillteach" title="Clàr pillteach – škotski gaelski" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Clàr pillteach" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="škotski gaelski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="izabrani članak"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A1boa_peri%C3%B3dica_dos_elementos" title="Táboa periódica dos elementos – galicijski" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Táboa periódica dos elementos" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ap%E1%BB%B9i_k%C3%ADmiko_rechaukaha" title="Apỹi kímiko rechaukaha – gvaranski" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Apỹi kímiko rechaukaha" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="gvaranski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%86%E0%AA%B5%E0%AA%B0%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%A4_%E0%AA%95%E0%AB%8B%E0%AA%B7%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%9F%E0%AA%95" title="આવર્ત કોષ્ટક – gudžaratski" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="આવર્ત કોષ્ટક" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="gudžaratski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taabyl_reiltagh_ny_bunstooghyn" title="Taabyl reiltagh ny bunstooghyn – manski" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Taabyl reiltagh ny bunstooghyn" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="manski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ngi%C3%A8n-su_ch%C3%BB-kh%C3%AC-p%C3%A9u" title="Ngièn-su chû-khì-péu – hakka kineski" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Ngièn-su chû-khì-péu" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="hakka kineski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%98%D7%91%D7%9C%D7%94_%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%97%D7%96%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%AA" title="הטבלה המחזורית – hebrejski" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הטבלה המחזורית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebrejski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%80" title="आवर्त सारणी – hindski" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="आवर्त सारणी" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodic_table" title="Periodic table – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Periodic table" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tablo_klasifikasyon_peryodik_eleman" title="Tablo klasifikasyon peryodik eleman – haićanski kreolski" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Tablo klasifikasyon peryodik eleman" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="haićanski kreolski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%A9miai_elemek_peri%C3%B3dusos_rendszere" title="Kémiai elemek periódusos rendszere – mađarski" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Kémiai elemek periódusos rendszere" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="mađarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8A%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A2%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%A1%D5%B2%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%BD%D5%A1%D5%AF" title="Պարբերական աղյուսակ – armenski" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Պարբերական աղյուսակ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armenski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabella_periodic_del_elementos" title="Tabella periodic del elementos – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Tabella periodic del elementos" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="izabrani članak"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabel_periodik" title="Tabel periodik – indonezijski" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Tabel periodik" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonezijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabelle_periodic" title="Tabelle periodic – interligua" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Tabelle periodic" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="interligua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodiko_a_lamisaan_dagiti_elemento" title="Periodiko a lamisaan dagiti elemento – iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Periodiko a lamisaan dagiti elemento" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5_%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Химе элементий мура система – ingušetski" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Химе элементий мура система" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="ingušetski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodala_tabelo" title="Periodala tabelo – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Periodala tabelo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lotukerfi%C3%B0" title="Lotukerfið – islandski" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Lotukerfið" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tavola_periodica_degli_elementi" title="Tavola periodica degli elementi – talijanski" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Tavola periodica degli elementi" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="talijanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="dobri članak"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9F%E8%A1%A8" title="周期表 – japanski" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="周期表" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piiriadik_tiebl" title="Piiriadik tiebl – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Piiriadik tiebl" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/dikni_selratni_cartu" title="dikni selratni cartu – lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="dikni selratni cartu" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prat%C3%A9lan_unsur_miturut_lambang" title="Pratélan unsur miturut lambang – javanski" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Pratélan unsur miturut lambang" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A5%E1%83%98%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0_%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A2%E1%83%97%E1%83%90_%E1%83%9E%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%9D%E1%83%93%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90" title="ქიმიურ ელემენტთა პერიოდული სისტემა – gruzijski" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ქიმიურ ელემენტთა პერიოდული სისტემა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="gruzijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tafelwit_tawalant" title="Tafelwit tawalant – kabilski" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Tafelwit tawalant" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="kabilski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metha_Njokereri" title="Metha Njokereri – kikuyu" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="Metha Njokereri" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="kikuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gĩkũyũ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B4%D1%96%D2%A3_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%82%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D0%B6%D2%AF%D0%B9%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%96" title="Химиялық элементтердің периодтық жүйесі – kazaški" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Химиялық элементтердің периодтық жүйесі" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazaški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%84%E1%9E%81%E1%9E%BD%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%93%E1%9F%83%E1%9E%92%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%82%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%B8" title="តារាងខួបនៃធាតុគីមី – kmerski" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="តារាងខួបនៃធាតុគីមី" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="kmerski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%86%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A4_%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8B%E0%B2%B7%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%9F%E0%B2%95" title="ಆವರ್ತ ಕೋಷ್ಟಕ – karnatački" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಆವರ್ತ ಕೋಷ್ಟಕ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="karnatački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A3%BC%EA%B8%B0%EC%9C%A8%ED%91%9C" title="주기율표 – korejski" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="주기율표" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="korejski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-koi mw-list-item"><a href="https://koi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B4%D1%8D%D0%B7_%D1%81%D1%8C%D3%A7%D1%80%D1%82%D1%96_%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D3%A7%D1%82%D1%83%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%BB%D3%A7%D0%BD_%D1%82%D1%8D%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%81" title="Периоддэз сьӧрті химия ӧтувторрезлӧн тэчас – komi-permski" lang="koi" hreflang="koi" data-title="Периоддэз сьӧрті химия ӧтувторрезлӧн тэчас" data-language-autonym="Перем коми" data-language-local-name="komi-permski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Перем коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%AEstema_vedor%C3%AE_ya_elementan" title="Sîstema vedorî ya elementan – kurdski" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Sîstema vedorî ya elementan" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%8A%D1%8F%D1%81%D0%BB%D3%A7%D0%BD_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Химия элементъяслӧн период система – komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Химия элементъяслӧн период система" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Vosen_Beriodek" title="An Vosen Beriodek – kornski" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="An Vosen Beriodek" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="kornski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Элементтер мезгилдик системасы – kirgiski" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Элементтер мезгилдик системасы" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgiski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systema_periodicum" title="Systema periodicum – latinski" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Systema periodicum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latinski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodesystem_vun_den_Elementer" title="Periodesystem vun den Elementer – luksemburški" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Periodesystem vun den Elementer" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luksemburški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Химиядин элементрин девирдин система – lezgiški" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Химиядин элементрин девирдин система" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="lezgiški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodiek_systeem_vaan_eleminte" title="Periodiek systeem vaan eleminte – limburški" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Periodiek systeem vaan eleminte" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabela_periodica_di_elemenc" title="Tabela periodica di elemenc – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Tabela periodica di elemenc" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taula_periodica" title="Taula periodica – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Taula periodica" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Et%C3%A1nda_ya_bileko" title="Etánda ya bileko – lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Etánda ya bileko" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%95%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%95%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%94" title="ຕາຕະລາງທາດ – laoski" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ຕາຕະລາງທາດ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="laoski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodin%C4%97_element%C5%B3_lentel%C4%97" title="Periodinė elementų lentelė – litavski" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Periodinė elementų lentelė" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litavski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B6%C4%ABmisko_elementu_periodisk%C4%81_tabula" title="Ķīmisko elementu periodiskā tabula – latvijski" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Ķīmisko elementu periodiskā tabula" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="latvijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabilaon%27ny_singa" title="Tabilaon'ny singa – malgaški" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Tabilaon'ny singa" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgaški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%82%D3%B1%D2%A5%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BA%D1%88%D0%B5" title="Химий тӱҥлык-влакын периодик радамлыкше – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Химий тӱҥлык-влакын периодик радамлыкше" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ripanga_p%C5%ABmotu" title="Ripanga pūmotu – maorski" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Ripanga pūmotu" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="maorski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabel_periodik" title="Tabel periodik – minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Tabel periodik" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5" title="Периоден систем на елементите – makedonski" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Периоден систем на елементите" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%86%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95" title="ആവർത്തനപ്പട്ടിക – malajalamski" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ആവർത്തനപ്പട്ടിക" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malajalamski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%AE%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8D%D1%85_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Үелэх систем – mongolski" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Үелэх систем" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongolski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mnw mw-list-item"><a href="https://mnw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9E%E1%80%B9%E1%81%9A%E1%80%AD%E1%80%A1%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%80%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9C" title="သ္ၚိအင်ကာလ – Mon" lang="mnw" hreflang="mnw" data-title="သ္ၚိအင်ကာလ" data-language-autonym="ဘာသာမန်" data-language-local-name="Mon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ဘာသာမန်</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%80" title="आवर्त सारणी – marathski" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="आवर्त सारणी" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jadual_berkala" title="Jadual berkala – malajski" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Jadual berkala" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tavla_perjodika" title="Tavla perjodika – malteški" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Tavla perjodika" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="malteški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabela_peri%C3%B3dica" title="Tabela periódica – mirandski" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Tabela periódica" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="mirandski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%92%E1%80%BC%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA%E1%80%85%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%A1%E1%80%9C%E1%80%BE%E1%80%8A%E1%80%B7%E1%80%BA%E1%80%80%E1%80%BB%E1%80%87%E1%80%9A%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8" title="ဒြပ်စင်အလှည့်ကျဇယား – burmanski" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဒြပ်စင်အလှည့်ကျဇယား" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="burmanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tlap%C4%93uhc%C4%81y%C5%8Dtl_nemachiy%C5%8Dt%C4%ABlp%C4%81ntli" title="Tlapēuhcāyōtl nemachiyōtīlpāntli – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="Tlapēuhcāyōtl nemachiyōtīlpāntli" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodensystem" title="Periodensystem – donjonjemački" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Periodensystem" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="donjonjemački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%80" title="आवर्त सारणी – nepalski" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="आवर्त सारणी" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82" title="तत्त्वमां – newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="तत्त्वमां" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodiek_systeem" title="Periodiek systeem – nizozemski" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Periodiek systeem" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nizozemski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodesystemet" title="Periodesystemet – norveški nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Periodesystemet" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norveški nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no badge-Q17506997 badge-featuredlist mw-list-item" title="izabrani popis"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodesystemet" title="Periodesystemet – norveški bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Periodesystemet" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norveški bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taula_periodica" title="Taula periodica – okcitanski" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Taula periodica" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="okcitanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabatee_Wahiyyoolee" title="Gabatee Wahiyyoolee – oromski" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Gabatee Wahiyyoolee" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="oromski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%AA%E0%AC%B0%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%AF%E0%AD%8D%E0%AD%9F%E0%AC%BE%E0%AD%9F_%E0%AC%B8%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%B0%E0%AC%A3%E0%AD%80" title="ପର୍ଯ୍ୟାୟ ସାରଣୀ – orijski" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ପର୍ଯ୍ୟାୟ ସାରଣୀ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="orijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%C3%A6" title="Элементты периодон системæ – osetski" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Элементты периодон системæ" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="osetski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%A6%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%BE%E0%A9%9C%E0%A8%BE" title="ਮਿਆਦੀ ਪਹਾੜਾ – pandžapski" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਮਿਆਦੀ ਪਹਾੜਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="pandžapski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tablang_periodiku_da_ring_elementu" title="Tablang periodiku da ring elementu – pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Tablang periodiku da ring elementu" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tab%C3%A8l_peri%C3%B3diko" title="Tabèl periódiko – papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Tabèl periódiko" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tableau_p%C3%A9riodique" title="Tableau périodique – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Tableau périodique" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uk%C5%82ad_okresowy_pierwiastk%C3%B3w" title="Układ okresowy pierwiastków – poljski" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Układ okresowy pierwiastków" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poljski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A0ula_peri%C3%B2dica" title="Tàula periòdica – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Tàula periòdica" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%DA%88%DA%A9_%D9%B9%DB%8C%D8%A8%D9%84" title="پیریاڈک ٹیبل – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="پیریاڈک ٹیبل" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BF%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C%CE%BD_%CE%A0%CE%B9%CE%BD%CE%AC%CE%BA%CE%B9%CE%BD" title="Περιοδικόν Πινάκιν – Pontic" lang="pnt" hreflang="pnt" data-title="Περιοδικόν Πινάκιν" data-language-autonym="Ποντιακά" data-language-local-name="Pontic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ποντιακά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%B9%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B5%D8%B1%D9%88_%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A_%D8%AC%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84" title="دعناصرو دوراني جدول – paštunski" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="دعناصرو دوراني جدول" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="paštunski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabela_peri%C3%B3dica" title="Tabela periódica – portugalski" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Tabela periódica" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qallawap_%C3%B1iqi_rakirinkuna" title="Qallawap ñiqi rakirinkuna – kečuanski" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Qallawap ñiqi rakirinkuna" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="kečuanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabelul_periodic_al_elementelor" title="Tabelul periodic al elementelor – rumunjski" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Tabelul periodic al elementelor" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumunjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabela_periodic%C3%A3-a_elements%C3%A3lor" title="Tabela periodicã-a elementsãlor – aromunski" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Tabela periodicã-a elementsãlor" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="aromunski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tavele_Periodiche" title="Tavele Periodiche – Tarantino" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="Tavele Periodiche" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="Tarantino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tarandíne</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%85_%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2" title="Периодическая система химических элементов – ruski" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Периодическая система химических элементов" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ruski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%96%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%96%D0%B2" title="Періодічна сістема елементів – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Періодічна сістема елементів" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%80" title="आवर्तसारणी – sanskrtski" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="आवर्तसारणी" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="sanskrtski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B0%D1%85_%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="Периодтаах таабыл – jakutski" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Периодтаах таабыл" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="jakutski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A0ula_peri%C3%B2dica_de_is_elementos" title="Tàula periòdica de is elementos – sardski" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Tàula periòdica de is elementos" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="sardski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A0vula_piri%C3%B2dica" title="Tàvula piriòdica – sicilijski" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Tàvula piriòdica" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="sicilijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodic_cairt" title="Periodic cairt – škotski" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Periodic cairt" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="škotski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A_%D8%AC%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84" title="دوري جدول – sindski" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="دوري جدول" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodala%C5%A1_tabealla" title="Periodalaš tabealla – sjeverni sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Periodalaš tabealla" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="sjeverni sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodni_sistem_elemenata" title="Periodni sistem elemenata – srpsko-hrvatski" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Periodni sistem elemenata" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="srpsko-hrvatski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taflwit_tazdawant_n_ifr%E1%B8%8Disn" title="Taflwit tazdawant n ifrḍisn – tachelhit" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Taflwit tazdawant n ifrḍisn" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="tachelhit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%86%E0%B7%80%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%8F_%E0%B7%80%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%94%E0%B7%80" title="ආවර්තිතා වගුව – sinhaleški" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ආවර්තිතා වගුව" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="sinhaleški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodic_table" title="Periodic table – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Periodic table" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodick%C3%A1_tabu%C4%BEka" title="Periodická tabuľka – slovački" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Periodická tabuľka" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodni_sistem_elementov" title="Periodni sistem elementov – slovenski" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Periodni sistem elementov" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovenski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A1i%C4%91ul%C3%A2%C5%A1_vu%C3%A1h%C3%A1d%C3%A2h" title="Ráiđulâš vuáhádâh – inari sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Ráiđulâš vuáhádâh" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="inari sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chapotera_cheNhangande_Dzakadevana" title="Chapotera cheNhangande Dzakadevana – shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Chapotera cheNhangande Dzakadevana" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jadwalka_Curiyayaasha" title="Jadwalka Curiyayaasha – somalski" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Jadwalka Curiyayaasha" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistemi_periodik_i_elementeve" title="Sistemi periodik i elementeve – albanski" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Sistemi periodik i elementeve" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="izabrani članak"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Периодни систем – srpski" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Периодни систем" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="srpski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-srn mw-list-item"><a href="https://srn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodiki_sistemi" title="Periodiki sistemi – sranan tongo" lang="srn" hreflang="srn" data-title="Periodiki sistemi" data-language-autonym="Sranantongo" data-language-local-name="sranan tongo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sranantongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-st mw-list-item"><a href="https://st.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tafole_ya_periodiki" title="Tafole ya periodiki – sesotski" lang="st" hreflang="st" data-title="Tafole ya periodiki" data-language-autonym="Sesotho" data-language-local-name="sesotski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodiske_Tabelle" title="Periodiske Tabelle – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Periodiske Tabelle" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tab%C3%A9l_periodik" title="Tabél periodik – sundanski" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Tabél periodik" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sundanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodiska_systemet" title="Periodiska systemet – švedski" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Periodiska systemet" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="švedski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mfumo_radidia" title="Mfumo radidia – svahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Mfumo radidia" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="svahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uk%C5%82%C5%8Fd_%C3%B4kresowy_elymynt%C5%8Dw" title="Ukłŏd ôkresowy elymyntōw – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Ukłŏd ôkresowy elymyntōw" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AE_%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%88" title="தனிம அட்டவணை – tamilski" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="தனிம அட்டவணை" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%86%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%A8_%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9F%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95" title="ఆవర్తన పట్టిక – teluški" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ఆవర్తన పట్టిక" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="teluški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%B6%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%83%D1%80%D2%B3%D0%BE%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%91%D3%A3" title="Ҷадвали даврии унсурҳои кимиёӣ – tadžički" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Ҷадвали даврии унсурҳои кимиёӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadžički" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="dobri članak"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B8" title="ตารางธาตุ – tajlandski" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ตารางธาตุ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tajlandski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himiki_elementleri%C5%88_periodik_ulgamy" title="Himiki elementleriň periodik ulgamy – turkmenski" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Himiki elementleriň periodik ulgamy" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="turkmenski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talahanayang_peryodiko" title="Talahanayang peryodiko – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Talahanayang peryodiko" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tebol_bilong_ol_elemen" title="Tebol bilong ol elemen – tok pisin" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Tebol bilong ol elemen" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="tok pisin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tok Pisin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periyodik_tablo" title="Periyodik tablo – turski" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Periyodik tablo" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%8B%D2%A3_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Менделеевның периодик таблицасы – tatarski" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Менделеевның периодик таблицасы" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B3_%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8%D2%A3_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%82%D1%83%D0%B3_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%8B" title="Химиктиг элементилерниң периодтуг системазы – tuvinski" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Химиктиг элементилерниң периодтуг системазы" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="tuvinski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тыва дыл</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%90%D9%84%DB%90%D9%85%DB%90%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%86%D9%89%DA%AD_%D8%AF%DB%95%DB%8B%D8%B1%D9%89%D9%8A_%D8%AC%DB%95%DB%95%D8%AF%DB%8B%D9%89%D9%84%D9%89" title="ئېلېمېنتلارنىڭ دەۋرىي جەەدۋىلى – ujgurski" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="ئېلېمېنتلارنىڭ دەۋرىي جەەدۋىلى" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="ujgurski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%96%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D1%85%D1%96%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%85_%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%96%D0%B2" title="Періодична система хімічних елементів – ukrajinski" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Періодична система хімічних елементів" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrajinski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%AC%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84" title="دوری جدول – urdski" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="دوری جدول" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kimyoviy_elementlar_davriy_sistemasi" title="Kimyoviy elementlar davriy sistemasi – uzbečki" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Kimyoviy elementlar davriy sistemasi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbečki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabe%C5%82a_peri%C3%B2dega" title="Tabeła periòdega – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Tabeła periòdega" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himi%C5%BEiden_elementoiden_periodine_tablut" title="Himižiden elementoiden periodine tablut – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Himižiden elementoiden periodine tablut" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="izabrani članak"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%E1%BA%A3ng_tu%E1%BA%A7n_ho%C3%A0n" title="Bảng tuần hoàn – vijetnamski" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Bảng tuần hoàn" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vijetnamski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodiek_syst%C3%A8me" title="Periodiek système – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Periodiek système" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A5vlea_periodike_des_elemints" title="Tåvlea periodike des elemints – valonski" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Tåvlea periodike des elemints" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="valonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taramdan_peryodika" title="Taramdan peryodika – waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Taramdan peryodika" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9F%E8%A1%A8" title="元素周期表 – wu kineski" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="元素周期表" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu kineski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A5%E1%83%98%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98%E1%83%A8_%E1%83%9E%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%9D%E1%83%93%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90" title="ქიმიური ელემენტეფიშ პერიოდული სისტემა – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ქიმიური ელემენტეფიშ პერიოდული სისტემა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%90%D7%93%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%A2_%D7%98%D7%90%D7%91%D7%A2%D7%9C%D7%A2" title="פעריאדישע טאבעלע – jidiš" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="פעריאדישע טאבעלע" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="jidiš" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A1b%C3%ACl%C3%AC_%C3%A0y%C3%A8_%C3%A0w%E1%BB%8Dn_%E1%BA%B9%CC%81l%C3%ADm%E1%BA%B9%CC%80nt%C3%AC" title="Tábìlì àyè àwọn ẹ́límẹ̀ntì – jorupski" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Tábìlì àyè àwọn ẹ́límẹ̀ntì" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="jorupski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yenzsoq_Couhgibyauj" title="Yenzsoq Couhgibyauj – zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Yenzsoq Couhgibyauj" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9F%E8%A1%A8" title="元素周期表 – kineski" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="元素周期表" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kineski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%E9%80%B1%E6%9C%9F%E8%A1%A8" title="元素週期表 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="元素週期表" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chiu-k%C3%AE-pi%C3%A1u" title="Chiu-kî-piáu – min nan kineski" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Chiu-kî-piáu" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="min nan kineski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%E9%80%B1%E6%9C%9F%E8%A1%A8" title="元素週期表 – kantonski" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="元素週期表" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Icansi_lezinhlwa" title="Icansi lezinhlwa – zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Icansi lezinhlwa" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q10693#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Poveznice na druge jezike" class="wbc-editpage">Uredi poveznice</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div 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Nova perioda u periodnom sustavu započinje kada se u elektronskoj konfiguraciji atoma počne popunjavati nova <a href="/wiki/Elektronska_ljuska" title="Elektronska ljuska">elektronska ljuska</a>. Stoga atomi elemenata u jednoj periodi imaju jednak broj ljusaka, ali različit broj <a href="/wiki/Elektron" title="Elektron">elektrona</a> u vanjskoj ljusci (valentni elektroni). Suprotno, atomi elemenata unutar jedne skupine, stupca, imaju različit broj ljusaka, ali im je broj <a href="/wiki/Valencija_(kemija)" title="Valencija (kemija)">valentnih</a> elektrona jednak. Kako broj valentnih elektrona određuje kemijska svojstva elementa, elementi jedne skupine imaju slična kemijskih svojstva.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Glavne_skupine_periodnoga_sustava">Glavne skupine periodnoga sustava</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Periodni_sustav_elemenata&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Uredi odlomak: Glavne skupine periodnoga sustava" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Periodni_sustav_elemenata&action=edit&section=1" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Glavne skupine periodnoga sustava"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Glavne skupine periodnoga sustava jesu: 1., 2., 13., 14., 15., 16., 17. i 18. skupina: </p> <ul><li>elementi 1. skupine (osim <a href="/wiki/Vodik" title="Vodik">vodika</a>) nazivaju se <a href="/wiki/Alkalijski_metali" title="Alkalijski metali">alkalijski metali</a>, jer tvore jake <a href="/wiki/Baze_(kemija)" title="Baze (kemija)">baze</a> ili <a href="/wiki/Lu%C5%BEine_(kemija)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lužine (kemija)">lužine</a> (<a href="/wiki/Alkalije" title="Alkalije">alkalije</a>).</li> <li>elementi 2. skupine su <a href="/wiki/Zemnoalkalijski_metali" title="Zemnoalkalijski metali">zemnoalkalijski metali</a>, jer također tvore jake lužine, a uz to su sastojci <a href="/wiki/Zemljina_kora" title="Zemljina kora">Zemljine kore</a>.</li> <li>elementi od 3. do 11. skupine zovu se <a href="/wiki/Prijelazni_metali" title="Prijelazni metali">prijelazni metali</a>, jer tvore prijelaz između lijeve i desne strane tablice.</li> <li>elementi 12. skupine, <a href="/wiki/Cink" title="Cink">cink</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kadmij" title="Kadmij">kadmij</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C5%BDiva" title="Živa">živa</a> i kopernicij, nemaju posebno ime.</li> <li>elementi 13., 14. i 15. skupine nazivaju se prema prvom elementu u skupini: <a href="/wiki/Bor_(element)" title="Bor (element)">borova</a> (13.), <a href="/wiki/Ugljik" title="Ugljik">ugljikova</a> (14.) i <a href="/wiki/Du%C5%A1ik" title="Dušik">dušikova</a> (15.) skupina.</li> <li>elementi 16. skupine su <a href="/wiki/Halkogeni_elementi" title="Halkogeni elementi">halkogeni elementi</a>, jer ulaze u sastav <a href="/wiki/Mineralne_sirovine" title="Mineralne sirovine">ruda</a>.</li> <li>elementi 17. skupine zovu se <a href="/wiki/Halogeni_elementi" title="Halogeni elementi">halogeni elementi</a>, jer s <a href="/wiki/Metal" class="mw-redirect" title="Metal">metalima</a> tvore <a href="/wiki/Soli" title="Soli">soli</a>,</li> <li>elementi 18. skupine nazivaju se <a href="/wiki/Plemeniti_plinovi" title="Plemeniti plinovi">plemeniti plinovi</a>, jer u uobičajenim uvjetima ne reagiraju ni s jednim elementom.</li> <li>unutar šeste periode nalazi se niz kemijski vrlo sličnih elemenata, od atomskoga broja 57 do 71, koji se prema prvom članu niza, <a href="/wiki/Lantan" title="Lantan">lantanu</a>, nazivaju <a href="/wiki/Lantanoidi" title="Lantanoidi">lantanoidi</a>.</li> <li>unutar sedme periode nalazi se niz također kemijski vrlo sličnih elemenata, od atomskoga broja 89 do 103, a prema prvom članu niza, <a href="/wiki/Aktinij" title="Aktinij">aktiniju</a>, zovu se aktinoidi. Lantanoidi i aktinoidi nazivaju se i unutrašnji prijelazni elementi i zbog preglednosti najčešće se prikazuju posebno, na dnu tablice. <a href="/wiki/Skandij" title="Skandij">Skandij</a>, <a href="/wiki/Itrij" title="Itrij">itrij</a> i lantanoidi zajedno se nazivaju i <a href="/wiki/Rijetki_zemni_metali" title="Rijetki zemni metali">rijetki zemni elementi</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sustav">Sustav</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Periodni_sustav_elemenata&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Uredi odlomak: Sustav" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Periodni_sustav_elemenata&action=edit&section=2" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Sustav"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="margin-left:0.3rem"><i><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r7016135">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Vista-xmag.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/18px-Vista-xmag.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/27px-Vista-xmag.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/36px-Vista-xmag.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span> Podrobniji članak o temi: <a href="/wiki/Popis_kemijskih_elemenata" title="Popis kemijskih elemenata">Popis kemijskih elemenata</a></div></i></div> <p>Suvremena tablica periodnoga sustava, prema preporuci <a href="/wiki/Me%C4%91unarodna_unija_za_%C4%8Distu_i_primijenjenu_kemiju" title="Međunarodna unija za čistu i primijenjenu kemiju">Međunarodne unije za čistu i primijenjenu kemiju</a> (IUPAC, 1988.), sadrži 7 perioda i 18 skupina elemenata. Svi su elementi u periodnome sustavu naznačeni svojim <a href="/wiki/Kemijski_simboli" title="Kemijski simboli">kemijskim simbolima</a>, kojima se dodaju oznake: <a href="/wiki/Atomski_broj" title="Atomski broj">atomski broj</a> (redni broj) kao lijevi supskript, a <a href="/wiki/Maseni_broj" title="Maseni broj">maseni broj</a> kao lijevi superskript. </p><p><br /> </p> <table style="width: 85%; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"> <tbody><tr> <th style="width:5%"><a href="/wiki/Skupina_periodnog_sustava" title="Skupina periodnog sustava">Skupina</a> → </th> <th style="width:5%"><a href="/wiki/Alkalijski_metali" title="Alkalijski metali"> 1</a> </th> <th style="width:5%"><a href="/wiki/Zemnoalkalijski_metali" title="Zemnoalkalijski metali"> 2</a> </th> <th style="width:5%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Skandijeva_skupina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Skandijeva skupina (stranica ne postoji)"> 3</a> </th> <th style="width:5%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Titanijeva_skupina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Titanijeva skupina (stranica ne postoji)"> 4</a> </th> <th style="width:5%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vanadijeva_skupina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vanadijeva skupina (stranica ne postoji)"> 5</a> </th> <th style="width:5%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Skupina_kroma&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Skupina kroma (stranica ne postoji)"> 6</a> </th> <th style="width:5%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Skupina_mangana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Skupina mangana (stranica ne postoji)"> 7</a> </th> <th style="width:5%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=8._skupina_elemenata&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="8. skupina elemenata (stranica ne postoji)"> 8</a> </th> <th style="width:5%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=9._skupina_elemenata&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="9. skupina elemenata (stranica ne postoji)"> 9</a> </th> <th style="width:5%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=10._skupina_elemenata&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="10. skupina elemenata (stranica ne postoji)">10</a> </th> <th style="width:5%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Skupina_bakra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Skupina bakra (stranica ne postoji)">11</a> </th> <th style="width:5%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinkova_skupina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cinkova skupina (stranica ne postoji)">12</a> </th> <th style="width:5%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Borova_skupina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Borova skupina (stranica ne postoji)">13</a> </th> <th style="width:5%"><a href="/wiki/Ugljikova_skupina" title="Ugljikova skupina">14</a> </th> <th style="width:5%"><a href="/wiki/Du%C5%A1ikova_skupina" title="Dušikova skupina">15</a> </th> <th style="width:5%"><a href="/wiki/Halkogeni_elementi" title="Halkogeni elementi">16</a> </th> <th style="width:5%"><a href="/wiki/Halogeni_elementi" title="Halogeni elementi">17</a> </th> <th style="width:5%"><a href="/wiki/Plemeniti_plinovi" title="Plemeniti plinovi">18</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th>↓ <a href="/wiki/Perioda_periodnog_sustava" title="Perioda periodnog sustava">Perioda</a> </th> <td colspan="19"><br /> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elementi_1._periode&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elementi 1. periode (stranica ne postoji)">1</a> </th> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#afa;color:red;border:1px solid #777;">1<br /><a href="/wiki/Vodik" title="Vodik">H</a> </td> <td colspan="16"><br /> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#cff;color:red;border:1px solid #777;">2<br /><a href="/wiki/Helij" title="Helij">He</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elementi_2._periode&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elementi 2. periode (stranica ne postoji)">2</a> </th> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#f77;color:black;border:1px solid #777;">3<br /><a href="/wiki/Litij" title="Litij">Li</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#feb;color:black;border:1px solid #777;">4<br /><a href="/wiki/Berilij" title="Berilij">Be</a> </td> <td colspan="10"><br /> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#cc9;color:black;border:1px solid #777;">5<br /><a href="/wiki/Bor_(element)" title="Bor (element)">B</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#afa;color:black;border:1px solid #777;">6<br /><a href="/wiki/Ugljik" title="Ugljik">C</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#afa;color:red;border:1px solid #777;">7<br /><a href="/wiki/Du%C5%A1ik" title="Dušik">N</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#afa;color:red;border:1px solid #777;">8<br /><a href="/wiki/Kisik" title="Kisik">O</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#ff9;color:red;border:1px solid #777;">9<br /><a href="/wiki/Fluor" title="Fluor">F</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#cff;color:red;border:1px solid #777;">10<br /><a href="/wiki/Neon" title="Neon">Ne</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elementi_3._periode&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elementi 3. periode (stranica ne postoji)">3</a> </th> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#f77;color:black;border:1px solid #777;">11<br /><a href="/wiki/Natrij" title="Natrij">Na</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#feb;color:black;border:1px solid #777;">12<br /><a href="/wiki/Magnezij" title="Magnezij">Mg</a> </td> <td colspan="10"><br /> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#ccc;color:black;border:1px solid #777;">13<br /><a href="/wiki/Aluminij" title="Aluminij">Al</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#cc9;color:black;border:1px solid #777;">14<br /><a href="/wiki/Silicij" title="Silicij">Si</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#afa;color:black;border:1px solid #777;">15<br /><a href="/wiki/Fosfor" title="Fosfor">P</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#afa;color:black;border:1px solid #777;">16<br /><a href="/wiki/Sumpor" title="Sumpor">S</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#ff9;color:red;border:1px solid #777;">17<br /><a href="/wiki/Klor" title="Klor">Cl</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#cff;color:red;border:1px solid #777;">18<br /><a href="/wiki/Argon" title="Argon">Ar</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elementi_4._periode&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elementi 4. periode (stranica ne postoji)">4</a> </th> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#f77;color:black;border:1px solid #777;">19<br /><a href="/wiki/Kalij" title="Kalij">K</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#feb;color:black;border:1px solid #777;">20<br /><a href="/wiki/Kalcij" title="Kalcij">Ca</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#fcc;color:black;border:1px solid #777;">21<br /><a href="/wiki/Skandij" title="Skandij">Sc</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#fcc;color:black;border:1px solid #777;">22<br /><a href="/wiki/Titanij" title="Titanij">Ti</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#fcc;color:black;border:1px solid #777;">23<br /><a href="/wiki/Vanadij" title="Vanadij">V</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#fcc;color:black;border:1px solid #777;">24<br /><a href="/wiki/Krom" title="Krom">Cr</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#fcc;color:black;border:1px solid #777;">25<br /><a href="/wiki/Mangan" title="Mangan">Mn</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#fcc;color:black;border:1px solid #777;">26<br /><a href="/wiki/%C5%BDeljezo" title="Željezo">Fe</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#fcc;color:black;border:1px solid #777;">27<br /><a href="/wiki/Kobalt" title="Kobalt">Co</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#fcc;color:black;border:1px solid #777;">28<br /><a href="/wiki/Nikal" title="Nikal">Ni</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#fcc;color:black;border:1px solid #777;">29<br /><a href="/wiki/Bakar_(element)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bakar (element)">Cu</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#fcc;color:black;border:1px solid #777;">30<br /><a href="/wiki/Cink" title="Cink">Zn</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#ccc;color:black;border:1px solid #777;">31<br /><a href="/wiki/Galij" title="Galij">Ga</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#cc9;color:black;border:1px solid #777;">32<br /><a href="/wiki/Germanij" title="Germanij">Ge</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#cc9;color:black;border:1px solid #777;">33<br /><a href="/wiki/Arsen" title="Arsen">As</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#afa;color:black;border:1px solid #777;">34<br /><a href="/wiki/Selenij" title="Selenij">Se</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#ff9;color:green;border:1px solid #777;">35<br /><a href="/wiki/Brom" title="Brom">Br</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#cff;color:red;border:1px solid #777;">36<br /><a href="/wiki/Kripton" title="Kripton">Kr</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elementi_5._periode&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elementi 5. periode (stranica ne postoji)">5</a> </th> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#f77;color:black;border:1px solid #777;">37<br /><a href="/wiki/Rubidij" title="Rubidij">Rb</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#feb;color:black;border:1px solid #777;">38<br /><a href="/wiki/Stroncij" title="Stroncij">Sr</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#fcc;color:black;border:1px solid #777;">39<br /><a href="/wiki/Itrij" title="Itrij">Y</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#fcc;color:black;border:1px solid #777;">40<br /><a href="/wiki/Cirkonij" title="Cirkonij">Zr</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#fcc;color:black;border:1px solid #777;">41<br /><a href="/wiki/Niobij" title="Niobij">Nb</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#fcc;color:black;border:1px solid #777;">42<br /><a href="/wiki/Molibden" title="Molibden">Mo</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#fcc;color:black;border:1px dashed #444;">43<br /><a href="/wiki/Tehnecij" title="Tehnecij">Tc</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#fcc;color:black;border:1px solid #777;">44<br /><a href="/wiki/Rutenij" title="Rutenij">Ru</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#fcc;color:black;border:1px solid #777;">45<br /><a href="/wiki/Rodij" title="Rodij">Rh</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#fcc;color:black;border:1px solid #777;">46<br /><a href="/wiki/Paladij" title="Paladij">Pd</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#fcc;color:black;border:1px solid #777;">47<br /><a href="/wiki/Srebro" title="Srebro">Ag</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#fcc;color:black;border:1px solid #777;">48<br /><a href="/wiki/Kadmij" title="Kadmij">Cd</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#ccc;color:black;border:1px solid #777;">49<br /><a href="/wiki/Indij" title="Indij">In</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#ccc;color:black;border:1px solid #777;">50<br /><a href="/wiki/Kositar" title="Kositar">Sn</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#cc9;color:black;border:1px solid #777;">51<br /><a href="/wiki/Antimon" title="Antimon">Sb</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#cc9;color:black;border:1px solid #777;">52<br /><a href="/wiki/Telurij" title="Telurij">Te</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#ff9;color:black;border:1px solid #777;">53<br /><a href="/wiki/Jod" title="Jod">I</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#cff;color:red;border:1px solid #777;">54<br /><a href="/wiki/Ksenon" title="Ksenon">Xe</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elementi_6._periode&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elementi 6. periode (stranica ne postoji)">6</a> </th> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#f77;color:black;border:1px solid #777;">55<br /><a href="/wiki/Cezij" title="Cezij">Cs</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#feb;color:black;border:1px solid #777;">56<br /><a href="/wiki/Barij" title="Barij">Ba</a> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align:center;background-color:#fcf;">*<br /> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#fcc;color:black;border:1px solid #777;">72<br /><a href="/wiki/Hafnij" title="Hafnij">Hf</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#fcc;color:black;border:1px solid #777;">73<br /><a href="/wiki/Tantal_(element)" title="Tantal (element)">Ta</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#fcc;color:black;border:1px solid #777;">74<br /><a href="/wiki/Volfram" title="Volfram">W</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#fcc;color:black;border:1px solid #777;">75<br /><a href="/wiki/Renij" title="Renij">Re</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#fcc;color:black;border:1px solid #777;">76<br /><a href="/wiki/Osmij" title="Osmij">Os</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#fcc;color:black;border:1px solid #777;">77<br /><a href="/wiki/Iridij" title="Iridij">Ir</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#fcc;color:black;border:1px solid #777;">78<br /><a href="/wiki/Platina" title="Platina">Pt</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#fcc;color:black;border:1px solid #777;">79<br /><a href="/wiki/Zlato" title="Zlato">Au</a></td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#fcc;color:green;border:1px solid #777;">80<br /><a href="/wiki/%C5%BDiva" title="Živa">Hg</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#ccc;color:black;border:1px solid #777;">81<br /><a href="/wiki/Talij" title="Talij">Tl</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#ccc;color:black;border:1px solid #777;">82<br /><a href="/wiki/Olovo_(element)" title="Olovo (element)">Pb</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#ccc;color:black;border:1px solid #777;">83<br /><a href="/wiki/Bizmut" title="Bizmut">Bi</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#cc9;color:black;border:1px dashed #444;">84<br /><a href="/wiki/Polonij" title="Polonij">Po</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#ff9;color:black;border:1px dashed #444;">85<br /><a href="/wiki/Astat" title="Astat">At</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#cff;color:red;border:1px dashed #444;">86<br /><a href="/wiki/Radon" title="Radon">Rn</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elementi_7._periode&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elementi 7. periode (stranica ne postoji)">7</a> </th> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#f77;color:black;border:1px dashed #444;">87<br /><a href="/wiki/Francij" title="Francij">Fr</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#feb;color:black;border:1px dashed #444;">88<br /><a href="/wiki/Radij" title="Radij">Ra</a> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align:center;background-color:#f9c;">**<br /> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#eff;color:#ccc;border:1px dotted #222;">104<br /><a href="/wiki/Raderfordij" title="Raderfordij">Rf</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#eff;color:#ccc;border:1px dotted #222;">105<br /><a href="/wiki/Dubnij" title="Dubnij">Db</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#eff;color:#ccc;border:1px dotted #222;">106<br /><a href="/wiki/Siborgij" title="Siborgij">Sg</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#eff;color:#ccc;border:1px dotted #222;">107<br /><a href="/wiki/Borij" title="Borij">Bh</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#eff;color:#ccc;border:1px dotted #222;">108<br /><a href="/wiki/Hasij" title="Hasij">Hs</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#eff;color:#ccc;border:1px dotted #222;">109<br /><a href="/wiki/Majtnerij" title="Majtnerij">Mt</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#eff;color:#ccc;border:1px dotted #222;">110<br /><a href="/wiki/Darm%C5%A1tatij" title="Darmštatij">Ds</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#eff;color:#ccc;border:1px dotted #222;">111<br /><a href="/wiki/Roentgenij" title="Roentgenij">Rg</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#eff;color:#ccc;border:1px dotted #222;">112<br /><a href="/wiki/Kopernicij" title="Kopernicij">Cn</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#eff;color:#ccc;border:1px dotted #222;">113<br /><a href="/wiki/Nihonij" title="Nihonij">Nh</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#eff;color:#ccc;border:1px dotted #222;">114<br /><a href="/wiki/Flerovij" title="Flerovij">Fl</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#eff;color:#ccc;border:1px dotted #222;">115<br /><a href="/wiki/Moskovij" title="Moskovij">Mc</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#eff;color:#ccc;border:1px dotted #222;">116<br /><a href="/wiki/Livermorij" title="Livermorij">Lv</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#eff;color:#ccc;border:1px dotted #222;">117<br /><a href="/wiki/Tenesin" title="Tenesin">Ts</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#eff;color:#ccc;border:1px dotted #222;">118<br /><a href="/wiki/Oganeson" title="Oganeson">Og</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="21"><br /> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" style="text-align:right">* <b><a href="/wiki/Lantanoidi" title="Lantanoidi">Lantanoidi</a></b> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#fcf;color:black;border:1px solid #777;">57<br /><a href="/wiki/Lantan" title="Lantan">La</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#fcf;color:black;border:1px solid #777;">58<br /><a href="/wiki/Cerij" title="Cerij">Ce</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#fcf;color:black;border:1px solid #777;">59<br /><a href="/wiki/Praseodimij" title="Praseodimij">Pr</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#fcf;color:black;border:1px solid #777;">60<br /><a href="/wiki/Neodimij" title="Neodimij">Nd</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#fcf;color:black;border:1px dashed #444;">61<br /><a href="/wiki/Prometij" title="Prometij">Pm</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#fcf;color:black;border:1px solid #777;">62<br /><a href="/wiki/Samarij" title="Samarij">Sm</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#fcf;color:black;border:1px solid #777;">63<br /><a href="/wiki/Europij" title="Europij">Eu</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#fcf;color:black;border:1px solid #777;">64<br /><a href="/wiki/Gadolinij" title="Gadolinij">Gd</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#fcf;color:black;border:1px solid #777;">65<br /><a href="/wiki/Terbij" title="Terbij">Tb</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#fcf;color:black;border:1px solid #777;">66<br /><a href="/wiki/Disprozij" title="Disprozij">Dy</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#fcf;color:black;border:1px solid #777;">67<br /><a href="/wiki/Holmij" title="Holmij">Ho</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#fcf;color:black;border:1px solid #777;">68<br /><a href="/wiki/Erbij" title="Erbij">Er</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#fcf;color:black;border:1px solid #777;">69<br /><a href="/wiki/Tulij" title="Tulij">Tm</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#fcf;color:black;border:1px solid #777;">70<br /><a href="/wiki/Iterbij" title="Iterbij">Yb</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#fcf;color:black;border:1px solid #777;">71<br /><a href="/wiki/Lutecij" title="Lutecij">Lu</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" style="text-align:right">** <b><a href="/wiki/Aktinoidi" title="Aktinoidi">Aktinoidi</a></b> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#f9c;color:black;border:1px dashed #444;">89<br /><a href="/wiki/Aktinij" title="Aktinij">Ac</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#f9c;color:black;border:1px solid #777;">90<br /><a href="/wiki/Torij" title="Torij">Th</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#f9c;color:black;border:1px dashed #444;">91<br /><a href="/wiki/Protaktinij" title="Protaktinij">Pa</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#f9c;color:black;border:1px solid #777;">92<br /><a href="/wiki/Uranij" title="Uranij">U</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#f9c;color:black;border:1px dashed #444;">93<br /><a href="/wiki/Neptunij" title="Neptunij">Np</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#f9c;color:black;border:1px solid #777;">94<br /><a href="/wiki/Plutonij" title="Plutonij">Pu</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#f9c;color:black;border:1px dashed #444;">95<br /><a href="/wiki/Americij" title="Americij">Am</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#f9c;color:black;border:1px dashed #444;">96<br /><a href="/wiki/Kirij" title="Kirij">Cm</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#f9c;color:black;border:1px dashed #444;">97<br /><a href="/wiki/Berkelij" title="Berkelij">Bk</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#f9c;color:black;border:1px dashed #444;">98<br /><a href="/wiki/Kalifornij" title="Kalifornij">Cf</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#f9c;color:black;border:1px dotted #222;">99<br /><a href="/wiki/Ajn%C5%A1tajnij" title="Ajnštajnij">Es</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#f9c;color:black;border:1px dotted #222;">100<br /><a href="/wiki/Fermij" title="Fermij">Fm</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#f9c;color:black;border:1px dotted #222;">101<br /><a href="/wiki/Mendelevij" title="Mendelevij">Md</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#f9c;color:black;border:1px dotted #222;">102<br /><a href="/wiki/Nobelij" title="Nobelij">No</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#f9c;color:black;border:1px dotted #222;">103<br /><a href="/wiki/Lorensij" title="Lorensij">Lr</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><br /> </p> <div style="width:95%; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto; font-size:85%;"> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Skupina_periodnog_sustava" title="Skupina periodnog sustava">Skupine periodnog sustava</a></b> <br /> </p> <table style="width: 100%; text-align:center; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"> <tbody><tr> <td width="20%" style="background:#f77;"><a href="/wiki/Alkalijski_metali" title="Alkalijski metali">Alkalijski metali</a><sup>1</sup></td> <td width="20%" style="background:#feb;"><a href="/wiki/Zemnoalkalijski_metali" title="Zemnoalkalijski metali">Zemnoalkalijski metali</a><sup>1</sup></td> <td width="20%" style="background:#fcf;"><a href="/wiki/Lantanoidi" title="Lantanoidi">Lantanoidi</a><sup>1,</sup><sup>2</sup></td> <td width="20%" style="background:#f9c;"><a href="/wiki/Aktinoidi" title="Aktinoidi">Aktinoidi</a><sup>1</sup></td> <td width="20%" style="background:#fcc;"><a href="/wiki/Prijelazni_metali" title="Prijelazni metali">Prijelazni metali</a><sup>1</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#ccc;"><a href="/wiki/Slabi_metali" title="Slabi metali">Slabi metali</a><sup>1</sup></td> <td style="background:#cc9;"><a href="/wiki/Polumetali" title="Polumetali">Polumetali</a></td> <td style="background:#afa;"><a href="/wiki/Nemetali" title="Nemetali">Nemetali</a></td> <td style="background:#ff9;"><a href="/wiki/Halogeni_elementi" title="Halogeni elementi">Halogeni elementi</a><sup>3</sup></td> <td style="background:#cff;"><a href="/wiki/Plemeniti_plinovi" title="Plemeniti plinovi">Plemeniti plinovi</a><sup>3</sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <ol><li>Alkalijski, zemnoalkalijski, prijelazni metali, lantanoidi, aktinoidi i slabi metali zajedno se zovu <a href="/wiki/Kovine" title="Kovine">kovine</a>.</li> <li>Lantanoidi, skandij i itrij zajedno nose naziv <a href="/wiki/Rijetki_zemni_metali" title="Rijetki zemni metali">rijetki zemni metali</a>.</li> <li>Halogeni elementi i plemeniti plinovi su tekođer nemetali.</li></ol> </div> <div style="width:95%; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto; font-size:85%;"> <p><b>Stanje pri normalnom tlaku i sobnoj temperaturi</b>: Atomski brojevi elemenata u <span style="color:red">plinovitom stanju</span> su crvene boje, elemenata u <span style="color:green">tekućem stanju</span> zelene, a elemenata u <span style="color:black">krutom stanju</span> crne boje. </p> </div> <div style="width:95%; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto; font-size:85%;"> <p><b>Prirodna svojstva</b>: Elementi s punim <span style="border:solid 1px black;padding:1px;">okvirom</span> imaju stabilne <a href="/wiki/Izotop" title="Izotop">izotope</a> starije od <a href="/wiki/Zemlja" title="Zemlja">Zemlje</a> (<a href="/wiki/Primordijalni_elementi" title="Primordijalni elementi">primordijalni elementi</a>). Elementi s iscrtkanim <span style="border:dashed 1px black;padding:1px;">okvirom</span> nastaju prirodno od drugih elemenata, ali imaju samo <a href="/wiki/Izotop" title="Izotop">izotope</a> s vremenom poluraspada mnogo kraćim od starosti <a href="/wiki/Zemlja" title="Zemlja">Zemlje</a> pa se mogu naći tek u radioaktivnim rudama. Elementi s istočkanim <span style="border:dotted 1px black;padding:1px;">okvirom</span> su <a href="/wiki/Umjetni_elementi" title="Umjetni elementi">umjetni elementi</a>. </p> </div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Klechkovski_rule.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Klechkovski_rule.svg/250px-Klechkovski_rule.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="205" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Klechkovski_rule.svg/375px-Klechkovski_rule.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Klechkovski_rule.svg/500px-Klechkovski_rule.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="275" data-file-height="225" /></a><figcaption>Približni način popunjavanja <a href="/wiki/Elektronska_ljuska" title="Elektronska ljuska">elektronskih ljuski</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Atome_bohr_couches_electroniques_KLM.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Atome_bohr_couches_electroniques_KLM.svg/250px-Atome_bohr_couches_electroniques_KLM.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="242" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Atome_bohr_couches_electroniques_KLM.svg/375px-Atome_bohr_couches_electroniques_KLM.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Atome_bohr_couches_electroniques_KLM.svg/500px-Atome_bohr_couches_electroniques_KLM.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="124" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Bohrov_model_atoma" title="Bohrov model atoma">Bohrov model atoma</a> koji prikazuje najveći <a href="/wiki/Elektronska_konfiguracija" title="Elektronska konfiguracija">broj elektrona po ljuskama</a>.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Elektronska_konfiguracija">Elektronska konfiguracija</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Periodni_sustav_elemenata&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Uredi odlomak: Elektronska konfiguracija" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Periodni_sustav_elemenata&action=edit&section=3" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Elektronska konfiguracija"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="margin-left:0.3rem"><i><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r7016135"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Vista-xmag.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/18px-Vista-xmag.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/27px-Vista-xmag.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/36px-Vista-xmag.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span> Podrobniji članak o temi: <a href="/wiki/Elektronska_konfiguracija" title="Elektronska konfiguracija">Elektronska konfiguracija</a></div></i></div> <p>Kako struktura periodnoga sustava ovisi o elektronskoj konfiguraciji atoma elemenata, periode sadrže različit broj elemenata. Prva <a href="/wiki/Elektronska_ljuska" title="Elektronska ljuska">elektronska ljuska</a> može primiti samo dva <a href="/wiki/Elektron" title="Elektron">elektrona</a>, pa 1. perioda ima samo dva elementa, <a href="/wiki/Vodik" title="Vodik">vodik</a> i <a href="/wiki/Helij" title="Helij">helij</a>, koji svojim elektronima popunjavaju 1. ljusku, to jest 1s podljusku. Druga perioda može primiti 8 elektrona, pa ima 8 elemenata koji popunjavaju 2. ljusku, to jest 2s i 2p podljuske. Treća perioda također može primiti 8 elektrona, pa ima također 8 elemenata koji popunjavaju 3. ljusku, to jest 3s i 3p podljuske. Četvrta perioda ima 18 elemenata, koji popunjavaju 4. ljusku i nedovršenu 3. ljusku, to jest redom 4s, 3d i 4p podljuske. Peta je perioda također s 18 elemenata, koji popunjavaju 5. ljusku i nedovršenu 4. ljusku, to jest redom 5s, 4d i 5p podljuske. Šesta perioda ima 32 elementa koji popunjavaju 6. ljusku i nedovršene 4. i 5. ljusku, to jest redom 6s, 4f, 5d i 6p podljuske. Sedma je perioda nedovršena i ima 26 elemenata, jer preostalih 6 (do 32) nisu otkriveni. Tih 26 elemenata popunjavaju 7. ljusku i nedovršene 5. i 6. ljusku, to jest redom 7s, 6d i 5f podljuske. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Izgradnja_periodnog_sustava_elemenata">Izgradnja periodnog sustava elemenata</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Periodni_sustav_elemenata&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Uredi odlomak: Izgradnja periodnog sustava elemenata" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Periodni_sustav_elemenata&action=edit&section=4" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Izgradnja periodnog sustava elemenata"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Za izgradnju kemijskih elemenata osnovno značenje pripada <a href="/wiki/Paulijevo_na%C4%8Delo" class="mw-redirect" title="Paulijevo načelo">Paulijevu načelu</a>, po kojemu pojedino <a href="/wiki/Stacionarno_stanje" title="Stacionarno stanje">stacionarno stanje</a> u <a href="/wiki/Atom" title="Atom">atomu</a> može zauzeti samo jedan <a href="/wiki/Elektron" title="Elektron">elektron</a>. Prije nego što povučemo opće zaključke iz Paulijeva načela, predočit ćemo kako se postupno izgrađuju kemijski elementi počevši od vodika. Od elemenata do elemenata pridolazi jedan elektron i morat ćemo uvijek razmisliti kuda da stavimo novi elektron. </p><p>Na početku periodnog sustava stoji <a href="/wiki/Vodik" title="Vodik">vodik</a>. U stabilnom stanju kreće se <a href="/wiki/Elektronska_konfiguracija" title="Elektronska konfiguracija">elektron u K ljuski</a> i ima <a href="/wiki/Kvantni_brojevi" title="Kvantni brojevi">kvantne brojeve</a> <i>n</i> = 1, <i>l</i> = <i>m</i> = 0 i <i>s</i> = 1/2. </p><p>Kuda da stavimo drugi <a href="/wiki/Helij" title="Helij">helijev</a> elektron? Naravno, u prazno <a href="/wiki/Energijsko_stanje" class="mw-redirect" title="Energijsko stanje">energijsko najniže stanje</a>. K ljuska sadrži još jedno stacionarno stanje, gdje <a href="/wiki/Spin" title="Spin">spin</a> ima antiparalelan položaj. Drugi elektron helija poprima, prema tome kvantne brojeve <i>n</i> = 1, <i>l</i> = <i>m</i> = 0 i <i>s</i> = - 1/2. Oba helijeva elektrona kreću se u istoj stazi oko <a href="/wiki/Atomska_jezgra" title="Atomska jezgra">atomske jezgre</a>, ali im vlastiti momenti impulsa stoje suprotno. Spinovi obaju elektrona poništavaju se među sobom, pa helijev atom nema ni impuls vrtnje ni <a href="/wiki/Magnetski_moment" title="Magnetski moment">magnetski moment</a>. <a href="/wiki/Pokus" title="Pokus">Pokusima</a> je to potvrđeno. </p><p>Helijeva dva elektrona potpuno ispunjuju K ljusku. <a href="/wiki/Litij" title="Litij">Litijev</a> treći elektron prelazi u L ljusku. On ima kvantne brojeve <i>n</i> = 2, <i>l</i> = <i>m</i> = 0 i <i>s</i> = 1/2. Vanjski elektron litija kreće se daleko izvan K ljuske, pa tako litijev atom ima znatno veći promjer. Litij ima magnetski moment, koji potječe od spina vanjskog elektrona. </p><p>Kod idućeg elementa, <a href="/wiki/Berilij" title="Berilij">berilija</a>, dolazi još jedan elektron u L ljusku. Taj elektron razlikuje se od prvog s antiparalelnim položajem <a href="/wiki/Spin" title="Spin">spina</a>. Njegovi su kvantni brojevi <i>n</i> = 2, <i>l</i> = <i>m</i> = 0 i <i>s</i> = - 1/2. Vanjska ljuska berilija nalikuje na helijevu <a href="/wiki/Elektronska_konfiguracija" title="Elektronska konfiguracija">elektronsku konfiguraciju</a>. Time se objašnjava da berilij ima sličan s helijem, a nema kao ni helij magnetskog momenta. </p><p>L ljuska sadrži još kvantna stanja, gdje je impuls vrtnje <i>l</i> = 1. Kod petog elementa po redu, <a href="/wiki/Bor_(element)" title="Bor (element)">bora</a>, treći elektron u vanjskoj ljusci poprima taj impuls vrtnje. Tri vanjska elektrona određuju valentnost bora, a treći vanjski elektron impuls vrtnje i magnetski moment. </p><p>Kod impulsa vrtnje <i>l</i> = 1 može magnetski kvantni broj <i>m</i> poprimiti vrijednost - 1, 0 i + 1. Pored toga može se spin postaviti paralelno i antiparalelno. Kako vidimo, imamo 6 različitih kvantnih stanja. Kvantni brojevi tih stanja jesu: </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>glavni kvantni broj</th> <th>orbitalni kvantni broj</th> <th>magnetski orbitalni kvantni broj</th> <th>magnetski spinski kvantni broj </th></tr> <tr> <td><i>n</i> = 2</td> <td><i>l</i> = 1</td> <td><i>m</i> = + 1</td> <td><i>s</i> = - 1/2 </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>n</i> = 2</td> <td><i>l</i> = 1</td> <td><i>m</i> = 0</td> <td><i>s</i> = - 1/2 </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>n</i> = 2</td> <td><i>l</i> = 1</td> <td><i>m</i> = - 1</td> <td><i>s</i> = - 1/2 </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>n</i> = 2</td> <td><i>l</i> = 1</td> <td><i>m</i> = + 1</td> <td><i>s</i> = + 1/2 </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>n</i> = 2</td> <td><i>l</i> = 1</td> <td><i>m</i> = 0</td> <td><i>s</i> = + 1/2 </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>n</i> = 2</td> <td><i>l</i> = 1</td> <td><i>m</i> = - 1</td> <td><i>s</i> = + 1/2 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Ova kvantna stanja popunjuju redom elementi: bor, <a href="/wiki/Ugljik" title="Ugljik">ugljik</a>, <a href="/wiki/Du%C5%A1ik" title="Dušik">dušik</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kisik" title="Kisik">kisik</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fluor" title="Fluor">fluor</a> i <a href="/wiki/Neon" title="Neon">neon</a>. Posljednji element, neon, ima L ljusku dva elektrona s <i>l</i> = 0 i 6 elektrona s <i>l</i> = 1. Njegovi elektroni popunili su sasvim drugu ljusku. Vidimo opet da "plemeniti" potječe od popunjenosti vanjske ljuske. Osim toga, neon nema magnetskog momenta. Magnetski momenti njegovih 6 elektrona u svakom se smjeru poništavaju. Na elektron s <i>m</i> = + 1 dolazi elektron s <i>m</i> = - 1, a isto tako na <i>s</i> = + 1/2 dolazi <i>s</i> = - 1/2. </p><p>Neon ima 2 elektrona u K ljuski, a 8 u L ljuski. Kod jedanaestog po redu elementa, <a href="/wiki/Natrij" title="Natrij">natrija</a>, mora jedanaesti elektron prijeći u M ljusku. Vanjski elektron ima kvantne brojeve <i>n</i> = 3, <i>l</i> = <i>m</i> = 0 i <i>s</i> = + 1/2. Ovaj elektron, koji se podaleko kreće izvan popunjenih unutarnji ljusaka, prouzrokuje svojstva <a href="/wiki/Alkalijski_metali" title="Alkalijski metali">alkalijskih metala</a>. Dvanaesti po redu element, <a href="/wiki/Magnezij" title="Magnezij">magnezij</a>, ima još jedan elektron u M ljuski. Staza tog drugog elektrona ista je kao i u prvog, samo što njegov spin stoji suprotno. Poput helija i berilija nema magnezij magnetskog momenta. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Čvrsti</th> <th>Broj stanja </th></tr> <tr> <td><i>s, m, l, n</i></td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>m, l, n</i></td> <td>2 </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>l, n</i></td> <td>2∙(2∙<i>l</i> + 1) </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>n</i></td> <td><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle 2\cdot \sum _{l\mathop {=} 0}^{l\mathop {=} n-1}(2\cdot l+1)=2\cdot n^{2}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mn>2</mn> <mo>⋅</mo> <munderover> <mo>∑</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>l</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-OP"> <mo>=</mo> </mrow> <mo>⁡</mo> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>l</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-OP"> <mo>=</mo> </mrow> <mo>⁡</mo> <mi>n</mi> <mo>−</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </munderover> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mo>⋅</mo> <mi>l</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>=</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mo>⋅</mo> <msup> <mi>n</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle 2\cdot \sum _{l\mathop {=} 0}^{l\mathop {=} n-1}(2\cdot l+1)=2\cdot n^{2}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/5825b33a937ae4d88be15c4d41dd11146e6b8b7a" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -3.171ex; width:26.207ex; height:7.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle 2\cdot \sum _{l\mathop {=} 0}^{l\mathop {=} n-1}(2\cdot l+1)=2\cdot n^{2}}"></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><a href="/wiki/Zbrajanje" title="Zbrajanje">Suma</a> u posljednjem redu tablice proračunata je jednostavno: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \sum _{0}^{\mathop {n} -1}(2\cdot l+1)=n+2\cdot \sum _{0}^{\mathop {n} -1}l=n+(n-1)\cdot n}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <munderover> <mo>∑</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-OP"> <mi>n</mi> </mrow> <mo>−</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </munderover> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mo>⋅</mo> <mi>l</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>=</mo> <mi>n</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mo>⋅</mo> <munderover> <mo>∑</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-OP"> <mi>n</mi> </mrow> <mo>−</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </munderover> <mi>l</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mi>n</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>n</mi> <mo>−</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>⋅</mo> <mi>n</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \sum _{0}^{\mathop {n} -1}(2\cdot l+1)=n+2\cdot \sum _{0}^{\mathop {n} -1}l=n+(n-1)\cdot n}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/cf074de6eece479c2347680be7b034092e32ef05" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -3.005ex; width:45.164ex; height:7.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \sum _{0}^{\mathop {n} -1}(2\cdot l+1)=n+2\cdot \sum _{0}^{\mathop {n} -1}l=n+(n-1)\cdot n}"></span></dd></dl> <p>U ljuski s glavnim kvantnim brojem <i>n</i> ima mjesta za 2∙<i>n<sup>2</sup></i> elektrona. Taj rezultat je od osnovnog značenja za periodni sustav. </p><p>Stavljajući za glavni kvantni broj redom vrijednosti 1, 2, 3, 4, …, dobivamo najveći broj elektrona u različitim ljuskama. Popunjene ljuske sadrže elektrona: </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>K</th> <th>L</th> <th>M</th> <th>N </th></tr> <tr> <td>2∙1<sup>2</sup> = <b>2</b></td> <td>2∙2<sup>2</sup> = <b>8</b></td> <td>2∙3<sup>2</sup> = <b>18</b></td> <td>2∙4<sup>2</sup> = <b>32</b> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>K ljuska bila je ispunjena helijem, a L ljuska neonom. Ti elementi odista slijede u razmaku 2 i 8. Prva bi sad bila misao da se daljnja izgradnja elemenata vrši tako da se iduća M ljuska postupno popuni elektronima. Vidjeli smo da to zaista tako ide do <a href="/wiki/Argon" title="Argon">argona</a> s rednim brojem 18. Međutim, dalje to ne ide više tako. Iako u M ljuski još ima mjesta za 10 elektrona, kod idućeg elementa, <a href="/wiki/Kalij" title="Kalij">kalija</a>, devetnaesti elektron prelazi u N ljusku. Razlog tome je što su energetski nivoi M ljuske s <i>l</i> = 2 viši od energetskih nivoa N ljuske s <i>l</i> = 0. U N ljuski staza <i>l</i> = 0 ulazi u unutarnje ljuske, kako smo vidjeli kod alkalijskih spektara, pa je elektron znatno čvršće vezan. U toj stazi mogu se kretati dva elektrona sa suprotnim smjerom spina. Takvu vanjsku konfiguraciju elektrona ima <a href="/wiki/Kalcij" title="Kalcij">kalcij</a>. On pripada metalima alkalijskih metala i ima dva elektrona u vanjskoj N ljuski. Idući element <a href="/wiki/Skandij" title="Skandij">skandij</a> s rednim brojem 21 stavlja svoj dvadeset i prvi elektron u M ljusku, koju su kalij i kalcij preskočili. Impulsu vrtnje <i>l</i> = 2 pripada 10 kvantnih stanja. Ta se kvantna stanja, počevši sa skandijem, postupno popunjuju elektronima. </p><p>Zanimljivo je promatrati N ljusku. Kod nje kripton s rednim brojem 36 popunjuje dvije najniže podljuske <i>l</i> = 0 i <i>l</i> = 1. Trideset i sedmi elektron idućeg elementa, <a href="/wiki/Rubidij" title="Rubidij">rubidija</a>, preskače obje podljuske <i>l</i> = 2 i <i>l</i> = 3 u ljuski N i ide u O ljusku. Isto to čini i trideset i osmi element. Međutim, s trideset i devetim elementom počinje se opet popunjavati N ljuska i elektroni se smještaju u njenu podljusku <i>l</i> = 2. Kad se ta podljuska popuni, ne smještaju se novi elektroni u podljusku <i>l</i> = 3 ljuske N, nego prelaze u podljusku <i>l</i> = 1 ljuske O. Ta se podljuska popuni plemenitim plinom <a href="/wiki/Ksenon" title="Ksenon">ksenonom</a>. Sad opet nastupa jedan veliki skok, jer sljedeći element, <a href="/wiki/Cezij" title="Cezij">cezij</a>, stavlja svoj pedeset i peti elektron u P ljusku. Isto to čini i <a href="/wiki/Barij" title="Barij">barij</a>. Pedeset i sedmi element, <a href="/wiki/Lantan" title="Lantan">lantan</a>, stavlja svoj jedan elektron u O ljusku. Tek odsada počinje se postupno ispunjavati slobodna, zadnja podljuska preskočene N ljuske. Ta podljuska s <i>l</i> = 3 sadrži 14 kvantnih stanja. No, toliko upravo ima <a href="/wiki/Rijetki_zemni_metali" title="Rijetki zemni metali">rijetkih zemalja</a> koje se nadovezuju na lantan. Sad razumijemo zašto su ti elementi tako kemijski srodni. Četrnaest elektrona ugrađuje se sukcesivno duboko u unutarnjim ljuskama. Atomska periferija ostaje pri tom u bitnom nepromijenjena. Zbog toga su slična sva svojstva rijetkih zemalja, koja ovise o periferiji atoma. Isto tako vidimo da ne može biti više od 14 rijetkih zemalja. Kod sedamdeset i drugog elementa, <a href="/wiki/Hafnij" title="Hafnij">hafnija</a>, prelazi već novi elektron u O ljusku. </p><p>Pri izgradnji periodnog sustava moramo imati dvoje pred očima. S jedne strane ljuske omataju jezgru onim redom kako idu slova abecede K, L, M, N, O, P i Q. No s druge strane, podljuske <i>l</i> = 0 i <i>l</i> = 1 viših ljusaka mogu imati nižu energiju nego podljuske <i>l</i> = 2 i <i>l</i> = 3 ili <i>l</i> = 4 prethodnih ljusaka. Zbog toga se izgradnja elemenata, kad idemo postupno od vodika do <a href="/wiki/Uranij" title="Uranij">uranija</a>, ne vrši besprekidno na prvoj nepopunjenoj ljuski, nego se izvjesne podljuske preskoče, pa zatim grupe elemenata popunjuju preskočena kvantna stanja u unutarnjim ljuskama. Na osnovu toga možemo shvatiti sve zakonitosti u periodnom sustavu elemenata.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Povijest">Povijest</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Periodni_sustav_elemenata&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Uredi odlomak: Povijest" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Periodni_sustav_elemenata&action=edit&section=5" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Povijest"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sustav je nastao kao rezultat nastojanja mnogih <a href="/wiki/Kemi%C4%8Dar" class="mw-redirect" title="Kemičar">kemičara</a> da nađu što prikladniji način da se <a href="/wiki/Kemijski_element" title="Kemijski element">kemijski elementi</a> poredaju tako da sličnosti među njima budu što uočljivije. Preteče otkrivanja periodnoga sustava elemenata bili su <a href="/wiki/Antoine_Laurent_de_Lavoisier" title="Antoine Laurent de Lavoisier">A. L. Lavoisier</a> (potkraj 18. stoljeća), <a href="/wiki/William_Prout" title="William Prout">W. Prout</a> (1815.), <a href="/wiki/Johann_Wolfgang_D%C3%B6bereiner" title="Johann Wolfgang Döbereiner">J. W. Döbereiner</a> (1829.), <a href="/w/index.php?title=M._J._von_Pettenkofer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="M. J. von Pettenkofer (stranica ne postoji)">Max Joseph von Pettenkofer</a> (1850.), <a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Odling&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William Odling (stranica ne postoji)">W. Odling</a> (1857.), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Stanislao_Cannizzaro&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stanislao Cannizzaro (stranica ne postoji)">S. Cannizzaro</a> (1858.), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexandre-%C3%89mile_B%C3%A9guyer_de_Chancourtois&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alexandre-Émile Béguyer de Chancourtois (stranica ne postoji)">A. B. de Chancourtois</a> (1862.) i <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Alexander_Reina_Newlands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Alexander Reina Newlands (stranica ne postoji)">J. A. R. Newlands</a> (1864.). </p><p>Izvorni je sustav stvoren kad se još nije znao sastav <a href="/wiki/Atom" title="Atom">atoma</a>: ako se elementi slože po <a href="/wiki/Atomska_masa" title="Atomska masa">atomskoj masi</a>, a zatim se neke druge osobine stave uz atomsku masu, javlja se <a href="/wiki/Period" title="Period">periodno</a> kretanje tih osobina kao funkcija atomske mase. Prvi je to primijetio njemački kemičar J. W. Döbereiner, koji je <a href="/wiki/1829." title="1829.">1829.</a> zapazio određeni broj <a href="/wiki/Trijada" class="mw-disambig" title="Trijada">trijada</a> sličnih elemenata: </p> <table cellspacing="5"> <tbody><tr> <th align="center" colspan="3">Neke trijade</th> </tr><tr> <th>Element</th> <th>Atomska masa</th> <th>Gustoća</th> </tr><tr> <td>klor</td> <td>35.5</td> <td>0.00156 g/cm<sup>3</sup></td> </tr><tr> <td>brom</td> <td>79.9</td> <td>0.00312 g/cm<sup>3</sup></td> </tr><tr> <td>jod</td> <td>126.9</td> <td>0.00495 g/cm<sup>3</sup></td> </tr> <tr><td> </td></tr><tr> <td>kalcij</td> <td>40.1</td> <td>1.55 g/cm<sup>3</sup></td> </tr><tr> <td>stroncij</td> <td>87.6</td> <td>2.6 g/cm<sup>3</sup></td> </tr><tr> <td>barij</td> <td>137</td> <td>3.5 g/cm<sup>3</sup></td> </tr> </tbody></table> <p>Zatim je engleski kemičar J. A. R. Newlands <a href="/wiki/1865." title="1865.">1865.</a> otkrio da se elementi slične vrste pojavljuju u razmacima od 8 elemenata, što je usporedio s <a href="/wiki/Oktava" title="Oktava">glazbenom oktavom</a>, ali suvremenici su ismijali njegov <i>zakon oktava</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pravi_otkrivači_periodnoga_sustava"><span id="Pravi_otkriva.C4.8Di_periodnoga_sustava"></span>Pravi otkrivači periodnoga sustava</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Periodni_sustav_elemenata&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Uredi odlomak: Pravi otkrivači periodnoga sustava" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Periodni_sustav_elemenata&action=edit&section=6" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Pravi otkrivači periodnoga sustava"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pravi su otkrivači periodnoga sustava <a href="/wiki/Dmitrij_Ivanovi%C4%8D_Mendeljejev" title="Dmitrij Ivanovič Mendeljejev">D. I. Mendeljejev</a> i <a href="/wiki/Julius_Lothar_von_Meyer" title="Julius Lothar von Meyer">J. L. von Meyer</a>. Oni su, neovisno jedan o drugom, sastavili tablicu periodnoga sustava, iako ju je Mendeljejev objavio godinu dana prije (1869.) i prvi je uvidio puni smisao tog otkrića, ostavljajući u tablici prazna mjesta za elemente koji će se tek otkriti. </p><p>Redajući elemente prema rastućim <a href="/wiki/Relativna_atomska_masa" title="Relativna atomska masa">relativnim atomskim masama</a> (tada <a href="/wiki/Atomska_te%C5%BEina" class="mw-redirect" title="Atomska težina">atomskim težinama</a>), dobili su poredak u kojem su se u <a href="/wiki/Period" title="Period">periodičnim</a> razmacima nalazili elementi sličnih kemijskih svojstava. Taj je poredak bio gotovo istovjetan s današnjim poretkom dobivenim redanjem elemenata po rastućem <a href="/wiki/Atomski_broj" title="Atomski broj">atomskom broju</a>. Iznimka su bili parovi <sub>18</sub>Ar - <sub>19</sub>K, <sub>27</sub>Co - <sub>28</sub>Ni, <sub>52</sub>Te - <sub>53</sub>J, <sub>90</sub>Th - <sub>91</sub>Pa i <sub>92</sub>U - <sub>93</sub>Np, u kojima prvi element ima manji atomski broj, ali veću relativnu atomsku masu. Razlog je te nepravilnosti taj što se elementi sastoje od <a href="/wiki/Izotop" title="Izotop">izotopa</a>, pa je u izotopnoj smjesi nekih elemenata (na primjer <a href="/wiki/Kalij" title="Kalij">kalija</a>) najobilniji lakši izotop, a kod drugih (na primjer <a href="/wiki/Argon" title="Argon">argona</a>) najobilniji je teži izotop. Zbog toga je srednja vrijednost relativne atomske mase kalija (39,098) manja od argona (39,948), iako je njegov atomski broj veći. Kada je Mendeljejev postavio svoj periodni zakon, bila su poznata samo 63 kemijska elementa, tako da su mnoga mjesta u tablici ostala prazna. Smatrajući da su svojstva svakog elementa određena njegovim položajem u periodnom sustavu, Mendeljejev je predvidio postojanje i svojstva tada još nepoznatih elemenata. Potonja otkrića <a href="/wiki/Germanij" title="Germanij">germanija</a>, <a href="/wiki/Skandij" title="Skandij">skandija</a> i <a href="/wiki/Galij" title="Galij">galija</a> potvrdila su ispravnost njegovih pretpostavki. </p><p>Iako je među mnogim pokušajima grafičkoga prikaza periodnoga sustava bilo i onih u obliku trokuta, spirale, pužnice, stošca, piramide i cilindra, danas periodni sustav elemenata ima oblik <a href="/wiki/Pravokutnik" title="Pravokutnik">pravokutne</a> tablice u kojoj vodoravni retci tvore periode, i to cijele ili polovične (dugi i kratki oblik periodnoga sustava), a okomiti stupci tvore skupine elemenata. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vrste_kemijskih_elemenata">Vrste kemijskih elemenata</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Periodni_sustav_elemenata&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Uredi odlomak: Vrste kemijskih elemenata" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Periodni_sustav_elemenata&action=edit&section=7" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Vrste kemijskih elemenata"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Ionizacijska_energija.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/hr/thumb/7/74/Ionizacijska_energija.png/450px-Ionizacijska_energija.png" decoding="async" width="450" height="187" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/hr/thumb/7/74/Ionizacijska_energija.png/675px-Ionizacijska_energija.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/hr/7/74/Ionizacijska_energija.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="333" /></a><figcaption>Prva <a href="/wiki/Energija_ionizacije" title="Energija ionizacije">energija ionizacije</a> neutralnih <a href="/wiki/Atom" title="Atom">atoma</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Kemijski_element" title="Kemijski element">Kemijski elementi</a> se prema fizikalnim i kemijskim svojstvima dijele na <a href="/wiki/Kovine" title="Kovine">metale</a>, <a href="/wiki/Metali" class="mw-redirect" title="Metali">metaloide</a> i <a href="/wiki/Nemetali" title="Nemetali">nemetale</a>. Najveći broj elemenata, od 1. do 13. skupine, pripada metalima. Na desnom su kraju periodnoga sustava nemetali, a granicu među njima čine metaloidi: <a href="/wiki/Bor_(element)" title="Bor (element)">bor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Silicij" title="Silicij">silicij</a>, <a href="/wiki/Germanij" title="Germanij">germanij</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arsen" title="Arsen">arsen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Antimon" title="Antimon">antimon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Selenij" title="Selenij">selenij</a>, <a href="/wiki/Telurij" title="Telurij">telurij</a> i <a href="/wiki/Astat" title="Astat">astat</a>. Nemetali <a href="/wiki/Du%C5%A1ik" title="Dušik">dušik</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kisik" title="Kisik">kisik</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fluor" title="Fluor">fluor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Klor" title="Klor">klor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vodik" title="Vodik">vodik</a> i svi elementi 18. skupine su <a href="/wiki/Plin" title="Plin">plinovi</a>. Osim prve periode, koja započinje <a href="/wiki/Vodik" title="Vodik">vodikom</a>, sve ostale periode započinju alkalijskim elementom, metalom, a završavaju nemetalom, plemenitim plinom. Općenito, metalni značaj elemenata u periodi slabi slijeva nadesno, a u skupini jača odozgo prema dolje; nemetalni značaj mijenja se u protivnim smjerovima. </p><p>Svojstva elemenata neke periode mijenjaju se postupno od elementa do elementa, te tako postoje velike razlike u svojstvima između prvog i posljednjeg elementa iste periode. Nagle promjene svojstava nastaju između posljednjeg elementa neke periode (<a href="/wiki/Plemeniti_plinovi" title="Plemeniti plinovi">plemeniti plin</a>) i prvog elementa iduće periode (<a href="/wiki/Alkalijski_metali" title="Alkalijski metali">alkalijski metal</a>). Prva je pojava uvjetovana popunjavanjem već postojećih elektronskih ljusaka, a druga stvaranjem nove ljuske. Tako na primjer, prva <a href="/wiki/Energija_ionizacije" title="Energija ionizacije">energija ionizacije</a> (<a href="/wiki/Energija" title="Energija">energija</a> potrebna da se izbaci prvi elektron iz atoma u plinovitu stanju) u 2. periodi postupno raste od 520,2 <a href="/wiki/D%C5%BEul" title="Džul">kJ</a>/<a href="/wiki/Mol_(mjerna_jedinica)" title="Mol (mjerna jedinica)">mol</a> za <a href="/wiki/Litij" title="Litij">litij</a> do 2 080,6 kJ/mol za <a href="/wiki/Neon" title="Neon">neon</a>, pa zatim naglo pada pri prijelazu u 3. periodu na 495,6 kJ/mol za <a href="/wiki/Natrij" title="Natrij">natrij</a>. Naime, s porastom atomskoga broja kroz periodu raste <a href="/wiki/Elektri%C4%8Dni_naboj" title="Električni naboj">električni naboj</a> <a href="/wiki/Atomska_jezgra" title="Atomska jezgra">atomske jezgre</a>, a time i <a href="/wiki/Coulombov_zakon" title="Coulombov zakon">privlačne sile između jezgre i elektrona</a>, pa se elektroni sve teže odvajaju od atoma i energija ionizacije raste. Međutim, s porastom atomskoga broja u skupini raste broj ljusaka, valentni elektroni sve su udaljeniji od jezgre, pa se smanjuju privlačne sile između elektrona i jezgre, a <a href="/wiki/Valencija_(kemija)" title="Valencija (kemija)">valentni</a> elektroni sve se lakše odvajaju od atoma i smanjuje se energija ionizacije. Dakle, iz položaja elementa u periodnome sustavu može se zaključivati o njegovim fizikalnim i kemijskim svojstvima. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ostalo">Ostalo</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Periodni_sustav_elemenata&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Uredi odlomak: Ostalo" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Periodni_sustav_elemenata&action=edit&section=8" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Ostalo"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Op%C4%87a_skup%C5%A1tina_Ujedinjenih_naroda" title="Opća skupština Ujedinjenih naroda">Opća skupština Ujedinjenih naroda</a> proglasila ju <a href="/wiki/2019." title="2019.">2019.</a> godinu <i>Godinom <a href="/wiki/PSE" class="mw-redirect" title="PSE">Periodnog sustava elemenata</a></i> uz 150.-tu obljetnicu njezina objavljivanja od <a href="/wiki/Dmitrij_Ivanovi%C4%8D_Mendeljejev" title="Dmitrij Ivanovič Mendeljejev">Dmitrija Ivanoviča Mendeljejeva</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Izvori">Izvori</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Periodni_sustav_elemenata&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Uredi odlomak: Izvori" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Periodni_sustav_elemenata&action=edit&section=9" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Izvori"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r6541845">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <b>periodni sustav elemenata</b>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.enciklopedija.hr/Natuknica.aspx?ID=47629">[1]</a> "Hrvatska enciklopedija", Leksikografski zavod Miroslav Krleža, www.enciklopedija.hr, 2018.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <a href="/wiki/Ivan_Supek" title="Ivan Supek">Ivan Supek</a>: "Nova fizika", Školska knjiga Zagreb, 1966.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://iupac.org/united-nations-proclaims-international-year-periodic-table-chemical-elements/">Vijest o proglašenju</a> na stranicama IUPAC-a </span> </li> </ol></div> <ul><li>Ivan Filipović, Stjepan Lipanović: <i>Opća i anorganska kemija</i>, Školska knjiga, Zagreb, 1995.</li> <li>Nenad Raos: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hrcak.srce.hr/index.php?show=clanak&id_clanak_jezik=110893">Periodni sustav u Hrvata</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kemija_u_industriji" title="Kemija u industriji">Kemija u industriji</a>, 60 (2011) 633 - 638.</li> <li>Jasna Horvat: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bib.irb.hr/datoteka/879344.Atanor_-_pocetak_romana.pdf">Roman izgrađen prema strukturi periodnog sustava elemenata</a>, <a href="/wiki/Atanor" title="Atanor">Atanor</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vanjske_poveznice">Vanjske poveznice</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Periodni_sustav_elemenata&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Uredi odlomak: Vanjske poveznice" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Periodni_sustav_elemenata&action=edit&section=10" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Vanjske poveznice"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070329142212/http://www.p-s-e.org/">Softverska realizacija periodnog sustava elemenata</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pse.pbf.hr/">Periodni sustav elemenata s Prehrambeno-biotehnološkog fakulteta u Zagrebu</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ktf-split.hr/periodni/">Periodni sustav elemenata s Kemijskog-Tehnološkog fakulteta - Split</a>  <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040802232424/http://www.ktf-split.hr/periodni/">Arhivirana inačica izvorne stranice</a> od 2. kolovoza 2004. (<a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>)</li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Dobavljeno iz "<a dir="ltr" href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Periodni_sustav_elemenata&oldid=7000126">https://hr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Periodni_sustav_elemenata&oldid=7000126</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:Kategorije" title="Posebno:Kategorije">Kategorije</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Izabrani_%C4%8Dlanci" title="Kategorija:Izabrani članci">Izabrani članci</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Periodni_sustav_elemenata" title="Kategorija:Periodni sustav elemenata">Periodni sustav elemenata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Ova stranica posljednji je put uređivana 5. kolovoza 2024. u 12:27.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Tekst je dostupan pod licencijom <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.hr">Creative Commons: Imenuj autora/Dijeli pod istim uvjetima</a>; mogu se primjenjivati i dodatni uvjeti. 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