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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Mission in Hawaii</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Mission_in_Hawaii-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Mission in Hawaii subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Mission_in_Hawaii-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Mission_on_Molokai" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mission_on_Molokai"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Mission on Molokai</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mission_on_Molokai-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Recognition_during_his_lifetime" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Recognition_during_his_lifetime"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Recognition during his lifetime</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Recognition_during_his_lifetime-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Illness_and_death" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Illness_and_death"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Illness and death</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Illness_and_death-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Commentary_after_his_death" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Commentary_after_his_death"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Commentary after his death</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Commentary_after_his_death-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Canonization" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Canonization"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Canonization</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Canonization-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_arts_and_media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_arts_and_media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>In arts and media</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-In_arts_and_media-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle In arts and media subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-In_arts_and_media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Films" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Films"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Films</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Films-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Literature" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literature"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Literature</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literature-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Monuments_and_statues" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Monuments_and_statues"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Monuments and statues</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Monuments_and_statues-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legacy_and_honors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legacy_and_honors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Legacy and honors</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legacy_and_honors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Father Damien</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 43 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-43" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">43 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86_(%D9%82%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%B3)" title="داميان (قديس) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="داميان (قديس)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Дамиан Молокайски – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Дамиан Молокайски" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dami%C3%A0_de_Molokai" title="Damià de Molokai – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Damià de Molokai" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damien_de_Veuster" title="Damien de Veuster – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Damien de Veuster" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damian_de_Veuster" title="Damian de Veuster – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Damian de Veuster" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Dami%C3%A0n_ad_Molokai" title="San Damiàn ad Molokai – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="San Damiàn ad Molokai" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dami%C3%A1n_de_Molokai" title="Damián de Molokai – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Damián de Molokai" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patro_Damiano" title="Patro Damiano – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Patro Damiano" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aita_Damian" title="Aita Damian – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Aita Damian" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86" title="پدر دیمیان – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پدر دیمیان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A8re_Damien" title="Père Damien – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Père Damien" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dami%C3%A1n_de_Molokai" title="Damián de Molokai – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Damián de Molokai" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8B%A4%EB%AF%B8%EC%95%B5_%EC%8B%A0%EB%B6%80" title="다미앵 신부 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="다미앵 신부" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makua_Kamiano" title="Makua Kamiano – Hawaiian" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Makua Kamiano" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="Hawaiian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otac_Damien" title="Otac Damien – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Otac Damien" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pastor_Damien" title="Pastor Damien – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Pastor Damien" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damiano_de_Veuster" title="Damiano de Veuster – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Damiano de Veuster" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damian_de_Veuster" title="Damian de Veuster – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Damian de Veuster" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damianus_Molocaiensis" title="Damianus Molocaiensis – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Damianus Molocaiensis" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pater_Damiaan" title="Pater Damiaan – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Pater Damiaan" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pader_Dami%C3%A1n" title="Pader Damián – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Pader Damián" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molokai_Szent_Damj%C3%A1n" title="Molokai Szent Damján – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Molokai Szent Damján" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%86_%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Отец Дамјан – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Отец Дамјан" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AB%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%BC_%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%BB" title="ഫാദർ ഡാമിയൻ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഫാദർ ഡാമിയൻ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A8" title="फादर डेमियन – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="फादर डेमियन" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A8_%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86" title="الاب داميان – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="الاب داميان" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pater_Damiaan" title="Pater Damiaan – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Pater Damiaan" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%80%E3%83%9F%E3%82%A2%E3%83%B3%E7%A5%9E%E7%88%B6" title="ダミアン神父 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ダミアン神父" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damian_de_Veuster" title="Damian de Veuster – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Damian de Veuster" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damian_De_Veuster" title="Damian De Veuster – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Damian De Veuster" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dami%C3%A3o_de_Molokai" title="Damião de Molokai – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Damião de Molokai" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C4%83rintele_Damian" title="Părintele Damian – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Părintele Damian" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%91%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80,_%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%B4%D0%B5" title="Вёстер, Дамиан де – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Вёстер, Дамиан де" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damianu_de_Veuster" title="Damianu de Veuster – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Damianu de Veuster" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Father_Damien" title="Father Damien – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Father Damien" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Is%C3%A4_Damien" title="Isä Damien – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Isä Damien" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fader_Damien" title="Fader Damien – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Fader Damien" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paring_Damian" title="Paring Damian – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Paring Damian" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%88_%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D" title="தந்தை தமியான் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="தந்தை தமியான்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papaz_Damien" title="Papaz Damien – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Papaz Damien" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BC%27%D1%8F%D0%BD_%D0%B4%D0%B5_%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Дам'ян де Вестер – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Дам'ян де Вестер" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%C3%A1nh_%C4%90amien" title="Thánh Đamien – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Thánh Đamien" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%81%94%E7%B1%B3%E7%9B%8E%E7%A5%9E%E7%88%B6" title="達米盎神父 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="達米盎神父" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Belgian Roman Catholic priest and saint (1840–1889)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Father_Damien_Karras" class="mw-redirect" title="Father Damien Karras">Father Damien Karras</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other people with similar names, see <a href="/wiki/Father_Damien_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Father Damien (disambiguation)">Father Damien (disambiguation)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saint_Damien_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Saint Damien (disambiguation)">Saint Damien (disambiguation)</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Peter_Damian" title="Peter Damian">Peter Damian</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above n" style="font-size:125%;background-color:gold;"><div class="honorific-prefix" style="display:inline;font-size: 77%; font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Canonization" title="Canonization">Saint</a></div><br /><div style="display:inline;" class="fn">Damien of Molokai</div><br /><div class="honorific-prefix" style="display:inline;font-size: 77%; font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Congregation_of_the_Sacred_Hearts_of_Jesus_and_Mary" title="Congregation of the Sacred Hearts of Jesus and Mary">SSCC</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Father_Damien,_photograph_by_William_Brigham.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Father_Damien%2C_photograph_by_William_Brigham.jpg/200px-Father_Damien%2C_photograph_by_William_Brigham.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Father_Damien%2C_photograph_by_William_Brigham.jpg/300px-Father_Damien%2C_photograph_by_William_Brigham.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Father_Damien%2C_photograph_by_William_Brigham.jpg/400px-Father_Damien%2C_photograph_by_William_Brigham.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1002" data-file-height="1468" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">A photograph of Father Damien taken shortly before his death</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:gold;">Religious Priest and Missionary</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1840-01-03</span>)</span>3 January 1840<br /><a href="/wiki/Tremelo" title="Tremelo">Tremelo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Brabant" title="Province of Brabant">Brabant</a>, <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">15 April 1889<span style="display:none">(1889-04-15)</span> (aged 49)<br /><a href="/wiki/Kalaupapa,_Hawaii" title="Kalaupapa, Hawaii">Kalaupapa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Molokai" title="Molokai">Molokaʻi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hawaii" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Hawaii">Hawaiʻi</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Venerated in</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Roman Catholic Church</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Catholic_Churches" title="Eastern Catholic Churches">Eastern Catholic Churches</a>, some churches of <a href="/wiki/Anglican_Communion" title="Anglican Communion">Anglican Communion</a>; individual <a href="/wiki/Lutheranism" title="Lutheranism">Lutheran Churches</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Beatification" title="Beatification">Beatified</a></th><td class="infobox-data">4 June 1995, <a href="/wiki/Basilica_of_the_Sacred_Heart,_Brussels" title="Basilica of the Sacred Heart, Brussels">Basilica of the Sacred Heart</a> (<a href="/wiki/Koekelberg" title="Koekelberg">Koekelberg</a>), <a href="/wiki/Brussels" title="Brussels">Brussels</a>, by <a href="/wiki/Pope_John_Paul_II" title="Pope John Paul II">Pope John Paul II</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Canonization" title="Canonization">Canonized</a></th><td class="infobox-data">11 October 2009, <a href="/wiki/Vatican_City" title="Vatican City">Vatican City</a>, by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Benedict_XVI" title="Pope Benedict XVI">Pope Benedict XVI</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap">Major <a href="/wiki/Shrine" title="Shrine">shrine</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Leuven" title="Leuven">Leuven</a>, Belgium (bodily <a href="/wiki/Relic" title="Relic">relics</a>)<br /><small><a href="/wiki/Molokai" title="Molokai">Molokaʻi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hawaii" title="Hawaii">Hawaii</a> (relics of his hand)</small></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Calendar_of_saints" title="Calendar of saints">Feast</a></th><td class="infobox-data">10 May (Catholic Church; obligatory in Hawaii, option in the rest of the United States);<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 15 April (<a href="/wiki/Episcopal_Church_(United_States)" title="Episcopal Church (United States)">Episcopal Church of the United States</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Patron_saint" title="Patron saint">Patronage</a></th><td class="infobox-data">People with <a href="/wiki/Leprosy" title="Leprosy">Leprosy</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Father_Damien%27s_signature_1880.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Father_Damien%27s_signature_1880.svg/200px-Father_Damien%27s_signature_1880.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="36" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Father_Damien%27s_signature_1880.svg/300px-Father_Damien%27s_signature_1880.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Father_Damien%27s_signature_1880.svg/400px-Father_Damien%27s_signature_1880.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="770" data-file-height="140" /></a></span><br />Signature of Father Damien</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Father Damien</b> or <b>Saint Damien of Molokai</b> <span class="nobold noexcerpt nowraplinks" style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Congregation_of_the_Sacred_Hearts_of_Jesus_and_Mary" title="Congregation of the Sacred Hearts of Jesus and Mary">SSCC</a></span> or <b>Saint Damien De Veuster</b> (<a href="/wiki/Dutch_language" title="Dutch language">Dutch</a>: <i lang="nl">Pater Damiaan</i> or <i><span title="Dutch-language text"><i lang="nl">Heilige Damiaan van Molokai</i></span></i>; 3 January 1840 – 15 April 1889),<sup id="cite_ref-aocgov_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aocgov-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> born <b>Jozef De Veuster</b>, was a <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_(term)" title="Roman Catholic (term)">Roman Catholic</a> <a href="/wiki/Priesthood_(Catholic_Church)" class="mw-redirect" title="Priesthood (Catholic Church)">priest</a> from Belgium and member of the <a href="/wiki/Congregation_of_the_Sacred_Hearts_of_Jesus_and_Mary" title="Congregation of the Sacred Hearts of Jesus and Mary">Congregation of the Sacred Hearts of Jesus and Mary</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-cathency3_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cathency3-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a <a href="/wiki/Missionary" title="Missionary">missionary</a> <a href="/wiki/Religious_institute" title="Religious institute">religious institute</a>. He was recognized for his ministry, which he led from 1873 until his death in 1889, in the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hawaii" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Hawaii">Kingdom of Hawaiʻi</a> to people with <a href="/wiki/Leprosy" title="Leprosy">leprosy</a> (Hansen's disease), who lived in government-mandated medical quarantine in a <a href="/wiki/Kalaupapa_Leprosy_Settlement" class="mw-redirect" title="Kalaupapa Leprosy Settlement">settlement</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Kalaupapa,_Hawaii" title="Kalaupapa, Hawaii">Kalaupapa</a> Peninsula of <a href="/wiki/Molokai" title="Molokai">Molokaʻi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Tayman_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tayman-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During this time, he taught the Catholic faith to the people of Hawaii. Father Damien also cared for the patients and established leaders within the community to build houses, schools, roads, hospitals, and churches. He dressed residents' ulcers, built a reservoir, made coffins, dug graves, shared pipes, and ate <a href="/wiki/Poi_(food)" title="Poi (food)">poi</a> with them, providing both medical and emotional support. </p><p>After 11 years caring for the physical, spiritual, and emotional needs of those in the <a href="/wiki/Leper_colony" title="Leper colony">leper colony</a>, Father Damien contracted leprosy. He continued with his work despite the infection but finally succumbed to the disease on 15 April 1889. Father Damien also had tuberculosis, which worsened his condition, but some believe the reason he volunteered in the first place was due to tuberculosis.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Father Damien has been described as a "<a href="/wiki/Martyr_of_charity" title="Martyr of charity">martyr of charity</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-SSCCBio_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SSCCBio-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Damien De Veuster is venerated as a <a href="/wiki/Canonization" title="Canonization">saint</a> in the Catholic Church. In the <a href="/wiki/Anglican_Communion" title="Anglican Communion">Anglican Communion</a> and other Christian denominations, Damien is considered the spiritual patron for leprosy and outcasts. Father Damien Day, 15 April, the day of his death, is also a minor statewide holiday in Hawaii. Father Damien is the <a href="/wiki/Patron_saint" title="Patron saint">patron saint</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Honolulu" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Honolulu">Diocese of Honolulu</a> and of <a href="/wiki/Hawaii" title="Hawaii">Hawaii</a>. </p><p>Father Damien was <a href="/wiki/Canonization" title="Canonization">canonized</a> by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Benedict_XVI" title="Pope Benedict XVI">Pope Benedict XVI</a> on 11 October 2009.<sup id="cite_ref-CNA_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CNA-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-VR_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VR-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Libert_H._Boeynaems" title="Libert H. Boeynaems">Libert H. Boeynaems</a>, writing in the <i><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia" title="Catholic Encyclopedia">Catholic Encyclopedia</a>,</i> calls him "the Apostle of the Lepers."<sup id="cite_ref-Boeynaems_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Boeynaems-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Damien De Veuster's feast day is 10 May. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Father_Damien&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Father Damien was born Jozef ("Jef") De Veuster, the youngest of seven children and fourth son of the <a href="/wiki/Flemish_people" title="Flemish people">Flemish</a> corn merchant Joannes Franciscus ("Frans") De Veuster and his wife Anne-Catherine ("Cato") Wouters in the village of <a href="/wiki/Tremelo" title="Tremelo">Tremelo</a> in <a href="/wiki/Flemish_Brabant" title="Flemish Brabant">Flemish Brabant</a> in rural Belgium on 3 January 1840. His older sisters Eugénie and Pauline became nuns, and his older brother Auguste (Father Pamphile) joined the Congregation of the Sacred Hearts of Jesus and Mary (Picpus Fathers). Jozef was forced to quit school at age 13 to work on the family farm.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His father sent him to a college at <a href="/wiki/Braine-le-Comte" title="Braine-le-Comte">Braine-le-Comte</a> to prepare for a commercial profession, but as a result of a mission given by the <a href="/wiki/Redemptorists" title="Redemptorists">Redemptorists</a> in 1858, Joseph decided to pursue a religious vocation.<sup id="cite_ref-Boeynaems_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Boeynaems-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Jozef entered the novitiate of the <a href="/wiki/Congregation_of_the_Sacred_Hearts_of_Jesus_and_Mary" title="Congregation of the Sacred Hearts of Jesus and Mary">Fathers of the Sacred Heart of Jesus and Mary</a> at Louvain and took in religion the name of Damien, presumably after the first <a href="/wiki/Saints_Cosmas_and_Damian" title="Saints Cosmas and Damian">Saint Damien</a>, a fourth-century physician and martyr.<sup id="cite_ref-colp_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-colp-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was admitted to the religious profession on 7 October 1860. </p><p>His superiors thought that he was not a good candidate for the priesthood because he lacked education. However, he was not considered unintelligent. Because he learned <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> well from his brother, his superiors decided to allow him to become a priest. During his religious studies, Damien prayed daily before a picture of St. <a href="/wiki/Francis_Xavier" title="Francis Xavier">Francis Xavier</a>, patron of missionaries, to be sent on a mission.<sup id="cite_ref-canvas_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-canvas-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-OW_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OW-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Three years later when his brother Father Pamphile (Auguste) could not travel to Hawaiʻi as a missionary because of illness, Damien was allowed to take his place.<sup id="cite_ref-NPS_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NPS-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mission_in_Hawaii">Mission in Hawaii</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Father_Damien&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Mission in Hawaii"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Father_Damien_in_1878.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Father_Damien_in_1878.jpg/160px-Father_Damien_in_1878.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="228" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Father_Damien_in_1878.jpg/240px-Father_Damien_in_1878.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Father_Damien_in_1878.jpg/320px-Father_Damien_in_1878.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1423" /></a><figcaption>Father Damien in 1873 before he sailed for Hawaii</figcaption></figure> <p>On 19 March 1864, Damien arrived at <a href="/wiki/Honolulu_Harbor" title="Honolulu Harbor">Honolulu Harbor</a> on <a href="/wiki/Oahu" title="Oahu">Oʻahu</a>. He was ordained into the priesthood on 21 May 1864, at what is now the <a href="/wiki/Cathedral_of_Our_Lady_of_Peace" class="mw-redirect" title="Cathedral of Our Lady of Peace">Cathedral of Our Lady of Peace</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1865, Damien was assigned to the <a href="/wiki/Sacred_Heart_Catholic_Church_in_Hawi" class="mw-redirect" title="Sacred Heart Catholic Church in Hawi">Catholic Mission in North Kohala</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Hawaii_(island)" title="Hawaii (island)">island of Hawaiʻi</a>. While he was serving in several parishes on Oʻahu, the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hawaii" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Hawaii">Kingdom of Hawaiʻi</a> was struggling with a labor shortage and a public health crisis.<sup id="cite_ref-moblo_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-moblo-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many of the <a href="/wiki/Native_Hawaiians" title="Native Hawaiians">Native Hawaiian</a> parishioners had high mortality rates due to infectious diseases such as leprosy (from which he later died), <a href="/wiki/Smallpox" title="Smallpox">smallpox</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cholera" title="Cholera">cholera</a>, influenza, syphilis, and <a href="/wiki/Whooping_cough" title="Whooping cough">whooping cough</a>, brought to the <a href="/wiki/Hawaiian_Islands" title="Hawaiian Islands">Hawaiian Islands</a> by foreign traders, sailors and immigrants. Thousands of Hawaiians died of such diseases, to which they had not acquired <a href="/wiki/Immunity_(medical)" class="mw-redirect" title="Immunity (medical)">immunity</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It is believed that <a href="/wiki/Chinese_immigration_to_Hawaii" title="Chinese immigration to Hawaii">Chinese workers</a> carried <a href="/wiki/Leprosy" title="Leprosy">leprosy</a> (later known as Hansen's disease) to the islands in the 1830s and 1840s. At that time, leprosy was thought to be highly contagious and was incurable. In 1865, out of fear of this contagious disease, Hawaiian King <a href="/wiki/Kamehameha_V" title="Kamehameha V">Kamehameha V</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Legislature_of_the_Kingdom_of_Hawaii" class="mw-redirect" title="Legislature of the Kingdom of Hawaii">Hawaiian Legislature</a> passed the "Act to Prevent the Spread of Leprosy." This law quarantined the lepers of Hawaii, requiring the most serious cases to be moved to a settlement colony of <a href="/wiki/Kalawao,_Hawaii" title="Kalawao, Hawaii">Kalawao</a> on the eastern end of the Kalaupapa peninsula on the island of <a href="/wiki/Molokai" title="Molokai">Molokaʻi</a>. Later the settlement of <a href="/wiki/Kalaupapa,_Hawaii" title="Kalaupapa, Hawaii">Kalaupapa</a> was developed. <a href="/wiki/Kalawao_County" class="mw-redirect" title="Kalawao County">Kalawao County</a>, where the two villages are located, is separated from the rest of Molokaʻi by a steep mountain ridge. From 1866 through 1969, about 8,000 Hawaiians were sent to the Kalaupapa peninsula for medical quarantine.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Royal Board of Health initially provided the quarantined people with food and other supplies, but it did not have the workforce and resources to offer proper health care.<sup id="cite_ref-Boeynaems_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Boeynaems-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to documents of that time, the Kingdom of Hawaiʻi did not intend for the settlements to be <a href="/wiki/Penal_colony" title="Penal colony">penal colonies</a>. Still, the Kingdom did not provide enough resources to support them.<sup id="cite_ref-Tayman_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tayman-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Kingdom of Hawaii had planned for the lepers to be able to care for themselves and grow their crops. However, due to the effects of leprosy and the peninsula's local environmental conditions, this was impractical. </p><p>By 1868, according to the <i>Catholic Encyclopedia</i> (1911), "Drunken and lewd conduct prevailed. The easy-going, good-natured people seemed wholly changed."<sup id="cite_ref-cathency2_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cathency2-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-critic_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-critic-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mission_on_Molokai">Mission on Molokai</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Father_Damien&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Mission on Molokai"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>While Bishop <a href="/wiki/Louis_D%C3%A9sir%C3%A9_Maigret" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis Désiré Maigret">Louis Désiré Maigret</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Apostolic_vicariate" title="Apostolic vicariate">vicar apostolic</a> of the Honolulu diocese, believed that the lepers needed a Catholic priest to assist them, he realized that this assignment had high risk. He did not want to send any one person "in the name of obedience." After much prayer, four priests volunteered to go, among them Father Damien. The bishop planned for the volunteers to take turns in rotation assisting the inhabitants.<sup id="cite_ref-SSCCBio_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SSCCBio-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 10 May 1873, the first volunteer, Father Damien, arrived at the isolated settlement at Kalaupapa, where there were then 600 lepers,<sup id="cite_ref-Boeynaems_9-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Boeynaems-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and was presented by Bishop Louis Maigret. Damien worked with them to build a church and establish the Parish of Saint <a href="/wiki/Philomena" title="Philomena">Philomena</a>. In addition to serving as a priest, he dressed residents' ulcers, built a reservoir, built homes and furniture, made coffins, and dug graves.<sup id="cite_ref-colp_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-colp-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Six months after his arrival at Kalawao, he wrote to his brother, Pamphile, in Europe: "...I make myself a leper with the lepers to gain all to <a href="/wiki/Jesus_Christ" class="mw-redirect" title="Jesus Christ">Jesus Christ</a>."<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>During this time, Father Damien cared for the lepers and established leaders within the community to improve the state of living. Father Damien aided the colony by teaching, painting houses, organizing farms, and organizing the construction of chapels, roads, hospitals, and churches. He also dressed residents, dug graves, built coffins, ate food by hand with lepers, shared pipes with them, and lived with the lepers as equals. Father Damien also served as a priest during this time and spread the Catholic faith to the lepers; it is said that Father Damien told the lepers that despite what the outside world thought of them, they were always precious in the eyes of God. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Father_Damien_with_the_Kalawao_Girls_Choir,_at_Kalaupapa,_Molokai,_circa_1878.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Father_Damien_with_the_Kalawao_Girls_Choir%2C_at_Kalaupapa%2C_Molokai%2C_circa_1878.jpg/220px-Father_Damien_with_the_Kalawao_Girls_Choir%2C_at_Kalaupapa%2C_Molokai%2C_circa_1878.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Father_Damien_with_the_Kalawao_Girls_Choir%2C_at_Kalaupapa%2C_Molokai%2C_circa_1878.jpg/330px-Father_Damien_with_the_Kalawao_Girls_Choir%2C_at_Kalaupapa%2C_Molokai%2C_circa_1878.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Father_Damien_with_the_Kalawao_Girls_Choir%2C_at_Kalaupapa%2C_Molokai%2C_circa_1878.jpg/440px-Father_Damien_with_the_Kalawao_Girls_Choir%2C_at_Kalaupapa%2C_Molokai%2C_circa_1878.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4077" data-file-height="2731" /></a><figcaption>Father Damien, seen here with the Kalawao Girls Choir during the 1870s.</figcaption></figure><p>Some historians believed that Father Damien was a catalyst for a turning point for the community. Under his leadership, basic laws were enforced, shacks were upgraded and improved as painted houses, working farms were organized, and schools were established. At his request and of the lepers, Father Damien remained on Molokaʻi.<sup id="cite_ref-Tayman_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tayman-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many such accounts, however, overlook the roles of superintendents who were Hawaiian or part-Hawaiian. Pennie Moblo states that until the late 20th century, most historical reports of Damien's ministry revealed biases of Europeans and Americans, and nearly completely discounted the roles of the native residents on Molokaʻi.<sup id="cite_ref-critic_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-critic-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, it could be asserted that Moblo does not account for the separation of civil authorities and religious authorities.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> As was customary in the time period, Father Damien's work was reported to Europeans and Americans in order to raise funds for the mission. How the colony was governed would be outside the scope of the written accounts and not important to raise funds for the charitable works of Father Damien. </p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Recognition_during_his_lifetime">Recognition during his lifetime</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Father_Damien&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Recognition during his lifetime"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Kal%C4%81kaua" title="Kalākaua">King David Kalākaua</a> bestowed on Damien the honor of "Knight Commander of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Order_of_Kal%C4%81kaua" title="Royal Order of Kalākaua">Royal Order of Kalākaua</a>."<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When Crown Princess Lydia <a href="/wiki/Liliuokalani" class="mw-redirect" title="Liliuokalani">Liliʻuokalani</a> visited the settlement to present the medal, she was reported as having been too distraught and heartbroken at the sight of the residents to read her speech. The princess shared her experience, acclaiming Damien's efforts.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Consequently, Damien became internationally known in the United States and Europe. American <a href="/wiki/Protestantism" title="Protestantism">Protestants</a> raised large sums of money for the missionary's work. The <a href="/wiki/Church_of_England" title="Church of England">Church of England</a> sent food, medicine, clothing, and supplies to the settlement. It is believed that Damien never wore the royal medal, although it was placed by his side during his funeral. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Illness_and_death">Illness and death</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Father_Damien&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Illness and death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:224px;max-width:224px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Father_Damien_on_his_deathbed.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Father_Damien_on_his_deathbed.jpg/220px-Father_Damien_on_his_deathbed.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Father_Damien_on_his_deathbed.jpg/330px-Father_Damien_on_his_deathbed.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Father_Damien_on_his_deathbed.jpg/440px-Father_Damien_on_his_deathbed.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2880" data-file-height="2112" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Father Damien on his deathbed</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Father_Damien_on_his_funeral_bier_with_Mother_Marianne_Cope_by_his_side.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Father_Damien_on_his_funeral_bier_with_Mother_Marianne_Cope_by_his_side.jpg/220px-Father_Damien_on_his_funeral_bier_with_Mother_Marianne_Cope_by_his_side.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="174" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Father_Damien_on_his_funeral_bier_with_Mother_Marianne_Cope_by_his_side.jpg/330px-Father_Damien_on_his_funeral_bier_with_Mother_Marianne_Cope_by_his_side.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Father_Damien_on_his_funeral_bier_with_Mother_Marianne_Cope_by_his_side.jpg/440px-Father_Damien_on_his_funeral_bier_with_Mother_Marianne_Cope_by_his_side.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2369" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">St. <a href="/wiki/Marianne_Cope" title="Marianne Cope">Marianne Cope</a> standing beside Father Damien's funeral <a href="/wiki/Bier" title="Bier">bier</a> (image reversed)</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Fatherdamiengrave.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Fatherdamiengrave.jpg/220px-Fatherdamiengrave.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2b/Fatherdamiengrave.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="320" data-file-height="247" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">The <a href="/wiki/Leprosy" title="Leprosy">leprosy</a> patients of Molokaʻi gathered around Father Damien's grave in mourning</div></div></div></div></div> <p>Father Damien worked in Hawaii for 16 years, providing comfort to the lepers of Kalaupapa. In addition to giving the people faith, he built homes for them and he treated them with his medical expertise. He prayed at the cemetery of the deceased and he also comforted the dying at their bedsides. </p><p>In December 1884, while he was preparing to bathe, Damien inadvertently put his foot into scalding water, causing his skin to blister. He felt nothing and realized that he had contracted leprosy after working in the colony for 11 years.<sup id="cite_ref-Tayman_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tayman-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was a common way for people to discover that they had been infected with leprosy. Despite his illness, Damien worked even harder.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1885, <a href="/wiki/Masanao_Goto" title="Masanao Goto">Masanao Goto</a>, a Japanese leprologist, came to <a href="/wiki/Honolulu" title="Honolulu">Honolulu</a> and treated Damien. He believed that leprosy was caused by a diminution of the blood. His treatment consisted of nourishing foods, moderate exercise, frequent friction to the benumbed parts, special ointments, and medical baths. The treatments relieved some of the symptoms and they were very popular with the Hawaiian patients as a result. Damien had faith in the treatments and said that he only wanted to be treated by Goto,<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> who eventually became a good friend of Father Damien.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Despite the fact that the illness was slowing his body down, Damien engaged in a flurry of activities during his last years. With his remaining time, he tried to advance and complete as many projects as possible. While he was continuing to spread the Catholic Faith and aid the lepers during their treatments, Damien completed several building projects and improved orphanages. Four volunteers arrived at Kalaupapa to help the ailing missionary: a Belgian priest, Louis Lambert Conrardy; a soldier, <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Dutton" title="Joseph Dutton">Joseph Dutton</a> (an <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a> veteran who left behind a marriage which had been broken by his <a href="/wiki/Alcoholism" title="Alcoholism">alcoholism</a>); a male nurse from <a href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago</a>, James Sinnett; and Mother (now Saint) <a href="/wiki/Marianne_Cope" title="Marianne Cope">Marianne Cope</a>, who had been the head of the <a href="/wiki/Franciscan" class="mw-redirect" title="Franciscan">Franciscan</a>-run St Joseph's Hospital in <a href="/wiki/Syracuse,_New_York" title="Syracuse, New York">Syracuse, New York</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-damien_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-damien-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Conrardy took up Damien's pastoral duties. Cope organized a working hospital. Dutton attended to the construction and maintenance of the community's buildings. Sinnett nursed Damien during the last phases of his illness. </p><p>With an arm in a sling, with a foot in bandages, and with his leg dragging, Damien knew that his death was near. He was bedridden on 23 March 1889, and on 30 March, he made a general confession.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Damien died of leprosy at 8:00 a.m. on 15 April 1889, at the age of 49.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The next day, after the <a href="/wiki/Mass_(liturgy)" title="Mass (liturgy)">Mass</a> was said by Father Moellers at St. Philomena's, the whole settlement followed the funeral cortège to the cemetery. Damien was laid to rest under the same <a href="/wiki/Pandanus" title="Pandanus">pandanus</a> tree where he first slept upon his arrival on Molokaʻi.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In January 1936, at the request of King <a href="/wiki/Leopold_III_of_Belgium" title="Leopold III of Belgium">Leopold III of Belgium</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Belgium" title="Politics of Belgium">Belgian government</a>, Damien's body was returned to his native land in Belgium. It was transported aboard the Belgian ship <i><a href="/wiki/Mercator_(ship)" title="Mercator (ship)">Mercator</a>.</i> Damien was buried in Leuven, the historic university city which is close to the village where he was born. After Damien's beatification in June 1995, the remains of his right hand were returned to Hawaii and re-interred in his original grave on Molokaʻi.<sup id="cite_ref-starbulletin.com_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-starbulletin.com-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Commentary_after_his_death">Commentary after his death</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Father_Damien&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Commentary after his death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Father Damien had become internationally known before his death, because he was seen as a symbolic Christian figure who spent his life caring for the afflicted natives. His superiors thought that Damien lacked education and finesse but they considered him to be "an earnest peasant hard at work in his own way for God."<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> News of his death on 15 April was quickly carried across the globe by the modern communications of the time, by steamship to Honolulu and California, telegraph to the East Coast of the United States, and cable to England, reaching London on 11 May.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following an outpouring of praise for his work, other voices began to be heard in Hawaiʻi. </p><p>Representatives of the <a href="/wiki/Congregational_church" class="mw-redirect" title="Congregational church">Congregational</a> and <a href="/wiki/Presbyterianism" title="Presbyterianism">Presbyterian</a> churches in Hawaii criticized his approach. Reverend <a href="/wiki/Charles_McEwen_Hyde" title="Charles McEwen Hyde">Charles McEwen Hyde</a>, a Presbyterian minister in Honolulu, wrote to his fellow pastor Reverend H. B. Gage of San Francisco in August. Hyde referred to Father Damien as "a coarse, dirty man," who contracted leprosy due to "carelessness."<sup id="cite_ref-letter_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-letter-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hyde said that Damien was mistakenly being given credit for reforms which had actually been implemented by the Board of Health. Without consulting Hyde, Gage had the letter published in a San Francisco newspaper, generating comment and controversy in the US and Hawaiʻi. <sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Later in 1889, the <a href="/wiki/Scottish_people" title="Scottish people">Scottish</a> author <a href="/wiki/Robert_Louis_Stevenson" title="Robert Louis Stevenson">Robert Louis Stevenson</a> and his family arrived in Hawaii for an extended stay. He had <a href="/wiki/Tuberculosis" title="Tuberculosis">tuberculosis</a>, a disease which was also considered incurable, and he was seeking some relief for it. Moved by Damien's story, he became interested in the priest's controversy and went to Molokaʻi for eight days and seven nights.<sup id="cite_ref-letter_37-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-letter-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Stevenson wanted to learn more about Damien at the place where he had worked. He spoke with residents of various religious backgrounds in order to learn more about Damien's work. Based on his conversations and observations, he wrote an <a href="/wiki/Open_letter" title="Open letter">open letter</a> to Hyde in which he addressed the minister's criticisms and he had it printed at his own expense. Stevenson's letter became the most famous account of Damien, featuring him in the role of a European who was aiding the native people.<sup id="cite_ref-letter_37-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-letter-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Daws_1984_p._14_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Daws_1984_p._14-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In his "6,000-word polemic,"<sup id="cite_ref-Daws_1984_p._14_40-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Daws_1984_p._14-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Stevenson praised Damien extensively, writing to Hyde: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>If that world at all remember you, on the day when Damien of Molokai shall be named a Saint, it will be in virtue of one work: your letter to the Reverend H. B. Gage.<sup id="cite_ref-letter_37-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-letter-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>Stevenson referred to his journal entries in his letter: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>...I have set down these private passages, as you perceive, without correction; thanks to you, the public has them in their bluntness. They are almost a list of the man's faults, for it is rather these that I was seeking: with his virtues, with the heroic profile of his life, I and the world were already sufficiently acquainted. I was besides a little suspicious of Catholic testimony, in no ill sense, but merely because Damien’s admirers and disciples were the least likely to be critical. I know you will be more suspicious still, and the facts set down above were one and all collected from the lips of Protestants who had opposed the father in his life. Yet I am strangely deceived, or they build up the image of a man, with all his weakness, essentially heroic, and alive with rugged honesty, generosity, and mirth.<sup id="cite_ref-letter_37-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-letter-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p><br /> <a href="/wiki/Mohandas_Karamchand_Gandhi" class="mw-redirect" title="Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi">Mahatma Gandhi</a> said that Father Damien's work had inspired his social campaigns in India, leading to the independence of his people and the securing of aid for needy Indians. Gandhi was quoted in T.N. Jagadisan's 1965 publication <i>Mahatma Gandhi Answers the Challenge of Leprosy</i>: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>The political and journalistic world can boast of very few heroes who compare with Father Damien of Molokai. The Catholic Church, on the contrary, counts by the thousands those who, after the example of Fr. Damien, have devoted themselves to the victims of leprosy. It is worthwhile to look for the sources of such heroism.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Canonization">Canonization</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Father_Damien&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Canonization"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:224px;max-width:224px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Father_Damien_grave.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Father_Damien_grave.jpg/220px-Father_Damien_grave.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Father_Damien_grave.jpg/330px-Father_Damien_grave.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Father_Damien_grave.jpg/440px-Father_Damien_grave.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1136" data-file-height="852" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Original grave of Father Damien next to the St. Philomena Roman Catholic Church in Kalawao, Kalaupapa Peninsula, Molokaʻi, Hawaii (<span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Father_Damien&params=21_10_37_N_156_56_53.3_W_region:US-HI_type:landmark"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">21°10′37″N</span> <span class="longitude">156°56′53.3″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">21.17694°N 156.948139°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">21.17694; -156.948139</span></span></span></a></span></span>)</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Paterdamiaan_graf.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Paterdamiaan_graf.JPG/220px-Paterdamiaan_graf.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Paterdamiaan_graf.JPG/330px-Paterdamiaan_graf.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Paterdamiaan_graf.JPG/440px-Paterdamiaan_graf.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1600" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Grave of Saint Damien in the crypt of the church of the Congregation of the Sacred Hearts in <a href="/wiki/Leuven" title="Leuven">Leuven</a>, Belgium (<span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Father_Damien&params=50_52_33.4_N_004_41_54.1_E_region:BE-VBR_type:landmark"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">50°52′33.4″N</span> <span class="longitude">004°41′54.1″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">50.875944°N 4.698361°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">50.875944; 4.698361</span></span></span></a></span></span>)</div></div></div></div></div> <p>In 1977, <a href="/wiki/Pope_Paul_VI" title="Pope Paul VI">Pope Paul VI</a> declared Father Damien to be <a href="/wiki/Venerable" class="mw-redirect" title="Venerable">venerable</a>. On 4 June 1995, <a href="/wiki/Pope_John_Paul_II" title="Pope John Paul II">Pope John Paul II</a> beatified him, by which he would be known by the official spiritual title of Blessed. On 20 December 1999, <a href="/wiki/Jorge_Medina_Est%C3%A9vez" class="mw-redirect" title="Jorge Medina Estévez">Jorge Medina Estévez</a>, Prefect of the <a href="/wiki/Congregation_for_Divine_Worship_and_the_Discipline_of_the_Sacraments" class="mw-redirect" title="Congregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments">Congregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments</a>, confirmed the November 1999 decision of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Conference_of_Catholic_Bishops" title="United States Conference of Catholic Bishops">United States Conference of Catholic Bishops</a> to include Blessed Damien in the national <a href="/wiki/Liturgical_year" title="Liturgical year">liturgical calendar</a> with the rank of an optional memorial. Father Damien was canonized on 11 October 2009 by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Benedict_XVI" title="Pope Benedict XVI">Pope Benedict XVI</a>. His feast day is celebrated on 10 May. In Hawaii, it is celebrated on the day of his death, 15 April. </p><p>Prior to his beatification, two <a href="/wiki/Miracles" class="mw-redirect" title="Miracles">miracles</a> were attributed to Father Damien's posthumous intercession. On 13 June 1992, Pope John Paul II approved the cure of a religious sister in France in 1895 as a miracle attributed to Venerable Damien's <a href="/wiki/Intercession" title="Intercession">intercession</a>. In that case, Sister Simplicia Hue began a <a href="/wiki/Novena" title="Novena">novena</a> to Father Damien as she lay dying of a lingering intestinal illness. It is stated that the pain and symptoms of the illness disappeared overnight.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the second case, Audrey Toguchi, a Hawaiian woman who suffered from a rare form of cancer, had remission after having prayed at the grave of Father Damien on Molokaʻi. There was no medical explanation, as her prognosis was terminal.<sup id="cite_ref-bernardo_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bernardo-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-miracle_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-miracle-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1997, Toguchi was diagnosed with <a href="/wiki/Liposarcoma" title="Liposarcoma">liposarcoma</a>, a cancer that arises in fat cells. She underwent surgery a year later and a tumor was removed, but the cancer metastasized to her lungs. Her physician, Dr. Walter Chang, told her, "Nobody has ever survived this cancer. It's going to take you."<sup id="cite_ref-bernardo_43-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bernardo-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Toguchi was still alive in 2016.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In April 2008, the <a href="/wiki/Holy_See" title="Holy See">Holy See</a> accepted the two cures as evidence of Father Damien's sanctity. On 2 June 2008, the <a href="/wiki/Congregation_for_the_Causes_of_Saints" class="mw-redirect" title="Congregation for the Causes of Saints">Congregation for the Causes of Saints</a> voted to recommend raising Father Damien of Molokaʻi to sainthood. The decree that officially notes and verifies the miracle needed for canonization was approved by Pope Benedict XVI and promulgated by <a href="/wiki/Cardinal_(Catholic_Church)" title="Cardinal (Catholic Church)">Cardinal</a> <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Saraiva_Martins" title="José Saraiva Martins">José Saraiva Martins</a> on 3 July 2008, with the actual ceremony of beatification taking place in Rome and celebrations in Belgium and Hawaii.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 21 February 2009, the Holy See announced that Father Damien would be canonized.<sup id="cite_ref-CNA_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CNA-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The ceremony of canonization took place in Rome on Sunday, 11 October 2009, in the presence of <a href="/wiki/Albert_II_of_Belgium" title="Albert II of Belgium">King Albert II of the Belgians</a> and <a href="/wiki/Queen_Paola_of_Belgium" title="Queen Paola of Belgium">Queen Paola</a> as well as the <a href="/wiki/Belgian_Prime_Minister" class="mw-redirect" title="Belgian Prime Minister">Belgian Prime Minister</a>, <a href="/wiki/Herman_Van_Rompuy" title="Herman Van Rompuy">Herman Van Rompuy</a>, and several cabinet ministers,.<sup id="cite_ref-VR_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VR-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Washington, D.C., President <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> affirmed his deep admiration for St. Damien, saying that he gave voice to the voiceless and dignity to the sick.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Four other individuals were canonized with Father Damien that the same day: <a href="/wiki/Zygmunt_Szcz%C4%99sny_Feli%C5%84ski" title="Zygmunt Szczęsny Feliński">Zygmunt Szczęsny Feliński</a>, Sister <a href="/wiki/Jeanne_Jugan" title="Jeanne Jugan">Jeanne Jugan</a>, Father <a href="/wiki/Francisco_Coll_Guitart" title="Francisco Coll Guitart">Francisco Coll Guitart</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rafael_Arn%C3%A1iz_Bar%C3%B3n" class="mw-redirect" title="Rafael Arnáiz Barón">Rafael Arnáiz Barón</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-nytimes_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nytimes-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Damien is honored, together with <a href="/wiki/Marianne_Cope" title="Marianne Cope">Marianne Cope</a>, with a feast day on the <a href="/wiki/Calendar_of_saints_(Episcopal_Church_in_the_United_States_of_America)" class="mw-redirect" title="Calendar of saints (Episcopal Church in the United States of America)">liturgical calendar of the Episcopal Church (USA)</a> on 15 April.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_arts_and_media">In arts and media</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Father_Damien&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: In arts and media"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:FrDamienSm.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/FrDamienSm.jpg/170px-FrDamienSm.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="277" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/14/FrDamienSm.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="175" data-file-height="285" /></a><figcaption>This <a href="/wiki/Reredos" title="Reredos">reredos</a> of Father Damien in the Episcopal <a href="/w/index.php?title=St._Thomas_the_Apostle_Hollywood&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="St. Thomas the Apostle Hollywood (page does not exist)">St. Thomas the Apostle Hollywood</a> shows cross-denominational <a href="/wiki/Veneration" title="Veneration">veneration</a> of the priest.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Films">Films</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Father_Damien&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Films"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Director <a href="/wiki/David_Miller_(director)" title="David Miller (director)">David Miller</a> made a <a href="/wiki/Short_film" title="Short film">short film</a> about Father Damien's life entitled <i><a href="/wiki/The_Great_Heart" title="The Great Heart">The Great Heart</a></i> (1938), released by <a href="/wiki/Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer" title="Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer">MGM</a>.</li> <li>The first <a href="/wiki/Feature_film" title="Feature film">full-length</a> film about Father Damien was <i>Molokai</i> (1959), a Spanish production which was directed by <a href="/wiki/Luis_Lucia" title="Luis Lucia">Luis Lucia</a> with Javier Escrivá, <a href="/wiki/Roberto_Camardiel" title="Roberto Camardiel">Roberto Camardiel</a>, and <a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9rard_Tichy" title="Gérard Tichy">Gérard Tichy</a> playing the main roles.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ken_Howard" title="Ken Howard">Ken Howard</a> played the title role in the television film <i>Father Damien: The Leper Priest</i> (1980);<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> he replaced <a href="/wiki/David_Janssen" title="David Janssen">David Janssen</a>, who died suddenly after several days of shooting.</li> <li>Stephanie J. Castillo's documentary <i>Simple Courage</i> (1992) explores Damien and his work, drawing parallels between the treatment of persons who have leprosy and the stigma which is associated with persons who have <a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS" title="HIV/AIDS">HIV/AIDS</a>. "Simple Courage" was rewarded an EMMY Award in 1993.<sup id="cite_ref-critic_21-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-critic-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The Belgian <a href="/wiki/Film_producer" title="Film producer">film producer</a> Tharsi Vanhuysse produced and <a href="/wiki/Paul_Cox_(director)" title="Paul Cox (director)">Paul Cox</a> directed the film <i><a href="/wiki/Molokai:_The_Story_of_Father_Damien" title="Molokai: The Story of Father Damien">Molokai: The Story of Father Damien</a></i> (1999) with <a href="/wiki/David_Wenham" title="David Wenham">David Wenham</a> as Damien.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Interviews which were conducted by former residents are featured in the documentary <i>The Soul of Kalaupapa: Voices of Exile</i> (2011).<sup id="cite_ref-8thcircle_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8thcircle-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It focuses on the efforts of Belgian-born Father Damien in the 19th century and the efforts of <a href="/wiki/Jonatana_Napela" title="Jonatana Napela">Jonatana Napela</a>, a Hawaiian <a href="/wiki/The_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints" title="The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints">LDS</a> convert who works with persons with leprosy in Kalaupapa and collaborates on ecumenical efforts.<sup id="cite_ref-8thcircle_54-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8thcircle-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Literature">Literature</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Father_Damien&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Literature"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Screenwriter and film director <a href="/wiki/John_Farrow" title="John Farrow">John Farrow</a> wrote the biography <i>Damien the Leper</i> (1937).<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1939, <a href="/wiki/RKO_Pictures" title="RKO Pictures">RKO Pictures</a> purchased the book for a feature film titled <i>Father Damien</i>, to be directed by Farrow and star <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Calleia" title="Joseph Calleia">Joseph Calleia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The project was not realized.</li> <li>The poetic dramatization <i>Father Damien</i> (1938) was written by Edward Snelson, later Joint Secretary to the Government of India (1947), KBE, and dedicated 'To G.,' the actress Greer Garson, to whom he had been married in 1933.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The one-person play <i><a href="/wiki/Damien_(play)" title="Damien (play)">Damien</a></i> by Aldyth Morris was broadcast nationally on PBS in the United States in 1978 and again in 1986 on "American Playhouse." The broadcast received several recognitions, including a Peabody Award.</li> <li>The 2016 novel <i>God Made Us Monsters</i> by William Neary explores Father Damien's rise to sainthood.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Monuments_and_statues">Monuments and statues</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Father_Damien&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Monuments and statues"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Painted_Church_127.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Painted_Church_127.jpg/220px-Painted_Church_127.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Painted_Church_127.jpg/330px-Painted_Church_127.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Painted_Church_127.jpg/440px-Painted_Church_127.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="900" /></a><figcaption>Monument at St. Benedict's Catholic Church in Honaunau (Hawaii)</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Father_Damien_Statue" class="mw-redirect" title="Father Damien Statue">Father Damien Statue</a> on the steps of the <a href="/wiki/Hawaii_State_Capitol" title="Hawaii State Capitol">State Capitol Building</a> honors him, and a replica is displayed in the <a href="/wiki/National_Statuary_Hall_Collection" title="National Statuary Hall Collection">National Statuary Hall Collection</a> in the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Capitol" title="United States Capitol">United States Capitol</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-aocgov_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aocgov-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Statues in memory of Damien can be found in many Belgian cathedrals, such as the <a href="/wiki/Tournai_Cathedral" title="Tournai Cathedral">Tournai Cathedral</a>, <a href="/wiki/St_Bavo%27s_Cathedral,_Ghent" class="mw-redirect" title="St Bavo's Cathedral, Ghent">St Bavo's Cathedral, Ghent</a>, and <a href="/wiki/St_Martin%27s_Cathedral,_Ypres" title="St Martin's Cathedral, Ypres">St Martin's Cathedral, Ypres</a>.</li> <li>A monument stands in front of <a href="/wiki/St._Benedict%27s_Catholic_Church_(Honaunau,_Hawaii)" title="St. Benedict's Catholic Church (Honaunau, Hawaii)">St. Benedict's Catholic Church in Honaunau (Hawaii)</a> and is often decorated with <a href="/wiki/Lei_(garland)" title="Lei (garland)">Leis</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy_and_honors">Legacy and honors</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Father_Damien&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Legacy and honors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Statue_of_Father_Damien_3.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Statue_of_Father_Damien_3.jpeg/170px-Statue_of_Father_Damien_3.jpeg" decoding="async" width="170" height="223" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Statue_of_Father_Damien_3.jpeg/255px-Statue_of_Father_Damien_3.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Statue_of_Father_Damien_3.jpeg/340px-Statue_of_Father_Damien_3.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="1340" data-file-height="1755" /></a><figcaption>Statue outside the <a href="/wiki/Hawaii_State_Capitol" title="Hawaii State Capitol">Hawaii State Capitol</a> Building</figcaption></figure> <p>In 2005, Damien was honored with the title of <i><a href="/wiki/De_Grootste_Belg" title="De Grootste Belg">De Grootste Belg</a></i>, chosen as "The Greatest Belgian" throughout <a href="/wiki/History_of_Belgium" title="History of Belgium">that country's history</a>, in polling conducted by the Flemish public broadcasting service, <a href="/wiki/Vlaamse_Radio-_en_Televisieomroep" class="mw-redirect" title="Vlaamse Radio- en Televisieomroep">VRT</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-canvas_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-canvas-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He ranked third on <i><a href="/wiki/Le_plus_grand_Belge" class="mw-redirect" title="Le plus grand Belge">Le plus grand Belge</a></i> ("The Greatest Belgian") in a poll by the French-speaking public channel <a href="/wiki/RTBF" title="RTBF">RTBF</a>. </p><p>In 1952, the Picpus Fathers (SS .CC) opened the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Damien_Museum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Damien Museum (page does not exist)">Damien Museum</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damiaanmuseum" class="extiw" title="nl:Damiaanmuseum">nl</a>]</span> in Tremelo, Belgium, in the house where Damien was born and grew up. In 2017, the museum was completely renovated. </p><p>With his canonization highlighting his ministry to persons with leprosy, Father Damien's work has been cited as an example of how society should minister to <a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS" title="HIV/AIDS">HIV/AIDS</a> patients.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On the occasion of Damien's canonization, President <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> stated, "In our own time, as millions around the world suffer from disease, especially the pandemic of HIV/AIDS, we should draw on the example of Father Damien’s resolve in answering the urgent call to heal and care for the sick."<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Several clinics and centers nationwide catering to HIV/AIDS patients bear his name.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There is a chapel named for him and dedicated to people with HIV/AIDS, in <a href="/w/index.php?title=St._Thomas_the_Apostle_Hollywood&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="St. Thomas the Apostle Hollywood (page does not exist)">St. Thomas the Apostle Hollywood</a>, an Episcopal parish.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Damien The Leper Society is among charities named after him that work to treat and control leprosy. Damien House, Ireland, is a centre for "peace for families and individuals affected by bereavement, stress, violence, and other difficulties with particular attention to <a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland" title="Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Saint Damien Advocates is a religious freedom organization that says it wants to carry on Father Damien's work with orphans and others.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Schools which are named after him include <a href="/wiki/Damien_High_School" title="Damien High School">Damien High School</a> in <a href="/wiki/Southern_California" title="Southern California">Southern California</a>, Saint Damien Elementary School in <a href="/wiki/Calgary,_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Calgary, Canada">Calgary, Canada</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Damien_Memorial_School" title="Damien Memorial School">Damien Memorial School</a> in Hawaii.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>St. Damien of Molokaʻi Catholic Church in <a href="/wiki/Edmond,_Oklahoma" title="Edmond, Oklahoma">Edmond, Oklahoma</a>, dedicated in 2010, is believed to have been the first Roman Catholic church in the continental United States to be named for Saint Damien after his canonization. A Traditional Latin Mass church, it is operated by the <a href="/wiki/Priestly_Fraternity_of_St._Peter" class="mw-redirect" title="Priestly Fraternity of St. Peter">Priestly Fraternity of St. Peter</a> (FSSP) and was authorized in 2010 by <a href="/wiki/Eusebius_J._Beltran" title="Eusebius J. Beltran">Eusebius J. Beltran</a>, Archbishop of Oklahoma City. <a href="/wiki/Pontiac,_Michigan" title="Pontiac, Michigan">Pontiac, Michigan</a> (in the Catholic archdiocese of Detroit) has a St. Damien parish.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Marianne_of_Moloka%CA%BBi" class="mw-redirect" title="Marianne of Molokaʻi">Marianne of Molokaʻi</a> was canonized in 2012.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Father_Damien&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kalaupapa_National_Historical_Park" title="Kalaupapa National Historical Park">Kalaupapa National Historical Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholicism_in_the_United_States#American_Catholic_Servants_of_God,_Venerables,_Beatified,_and_Saints" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholicism in the United States">American Catholic Servants of God, Venerables, Beatified, and Saints</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_American_saints_and_beatified_people" class="mw-redirect" title="List of American saints and beatified people">List of American saints and beatified people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Catholic_Church/Patron_Archive/May_10" title="Portal:Catholic Church/Patron Archive/May 10">Father Damien, patron saint archive</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Father_Damien&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFDownes2013" class="citation news cs1">Downes, Patrick (26 April 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hawaiicatholicherald.com/2013/04/26/st-damiens-feast-day-not-the-customary-date-of-death/">"St. Damien's feast day not the customary date of death"</a>. <i>Hawaii Catholic Herald</i>. Honolulu, HI<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 September</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Hawaii+Catholic+Herald&rft.atitle=St.+Damien%27s+feast+day+not+the+customary+date+of+death&rft.date=2013-04-26&rft.aulast=Downes&rft.aufirst=Patrick&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hawaiicatholicherald.com%2F2013%2F04%2F26%2Fst-damiens-feast-day-not-the-customary-date-of-death%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFather+Damien" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-aocgov-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-aocgov_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-aocgov_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aoc.gov/cc/art/nsh/damien.cfm">"Father Damien"</a>. <i>Capitol Campus/Art</i>. The Architect of the Capitol<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 July</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Capitol+Campus%2FArt&rft.atitle=Father+Damien&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aoc.gov%2Fcc%2Fart%2Fnsh%2Fdamien.cfm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFather+Damien" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cathency3-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-cathency3_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHerbermann1913" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia_(1913)/Congregation_of_the_Sacred_Hearts_of_Jesus_and_Mary_and_of_the_Perpetual_Adoration_of_the_Blessed_Sacrament_of_the_Altar" class="extiw" title="s:Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Congregation of the Sacred Hearts of Jesus and Mary and of the Perpetual Adoration of the Blessed Sacrament of the Altar">Congregation of the Sacred Hearts of Jesus and Mary and of the Perpetual Adoration of the Blessed Sacrament of the Altar</a>". <i><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia" title="Catholic Encyclopedia">Catholic Encyclopedia</a></i>. 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New York: Simon and Schuster. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7432-3301-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7432-3301-9"><bdi>978-0-7432-3301-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Colony%3A+The+Harrowing+True+Story+of+the+Exiles+of+Molokai&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Simon+and+Schuster&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-7432-3301-9&rft.aulast=Tayman&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DrKUaLE6s1lgC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFather+Damien" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.prayersandpetitions.org/feast-of-saint-damien-of-molokai-10th-may/">"FEAST OF SAINT DAMIAN OF MOLOKAI – 10th MAY"</a>. <i>prayersandpetitions.org</i>. 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Radio Vaticana. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://storico.radiovaticana.org/en1/storico/2009-10/324616_pope_proclaims_five_new_saints.html">the original</a> on 25 May 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 July</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pope+Proclaims+Five+New+Saints&rft.pub=Radio+Vaticana&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fstorico.radiovaticana.org%2Fen1%2Fstorico%2F2009-10%2F324616_pope_proclaims_five_new_saints.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFather+Damien" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Boeynaems-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Boeynaems_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Boeynaems_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Boeynaems_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Boeynaems_9-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04615a.htm">Boeynaems, Libert. "Father Damien (Joseph de Veuster)." The Catholic Encyclopedia</a> Vol. 4. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1908. 20 April 2020<span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Public Domain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/12px-PD-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/18px-PD-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/24px-PD-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="196" /></span></span> This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMedia2016" class="citation web cs1">Media, Franciscan (10 May 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200513073259/https://www.franciscanmedia.org/saint-damien-de-veuster-of-moloka-i/">"Saint Damien de Veuster of Moloka'i"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 August</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pater+Damiaan+%22de+Grootste+Belg+aller+tijden%22&rft.pub=NOS&rft.date=2005-12-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnos.nl%2Fartikel%2F53452-pater-damiaan-de-grootste-belg-aller-tijden.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFather+Damien" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-OW-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-OW_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ssccpicpus.com/pag.aspx?ln=en&id=87">"Blessed Damian De Veuster"</a>. <i>Biography</i>. <a href="/wiki/Congregation_of_the_Sacred_Hearts_of_Jesus_and_Mary" title="Congregation of the Sacred Hearts of Jesus and Mary">Congregation of the Sacred Hearts of Jesus and Mary</a>. 10 May 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 February</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Biography&rft.atitle=Blessed+Damian+De+Veuster&rft.date=2007-05-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ssccpicpus.com%2Fpag.aspx%3Fln%3Den%26id%3D87&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFather+Damien" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NPS-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NPS_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKalaupapaUs" class="citation web cs1">Kalaupapa, Mailing Address: P. O. Box 2222; Us, HI 96742 Phone:567-6802 Contact. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nps.gov/kala/learn/historyculture/damien.htm">"Father Damien - Kalaupapa National Historical Park (U.S. National Park Service)"</a>. <i>www.nps.gov</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.nps.gov&rft.atitle=Father+Damien+-+Kalaupapa+National+Historical+Park+%28U.S.+National+Park+Service%29&rft.aulast=Kalaupapa&rft.aufirst=Mailing+Address%3A+P.+O.+Box+2222&rft.au=Us%2C+HI+96742+Phone%3A567-6802+Contact&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nps.gov%2Fkala%2Flearn%2Fhistoryculture%2Fdamien.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFather+Damien" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEynikel1997" class="citation book cs1">Eynikel, Hilde (1997). <i>Damiaan: De Definitieve Biografie</i>. 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Duke University Press, DOI: 10.2307/482885</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchmittNordyke2001" class="citation journal cs1">Schmitt, Robert; Nordyke, Eleanor (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hdl.handle.net/10524/339">"Death in Hawaiʻi: the Epidemics of 1848 - 1849"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Hawaiian_Journal_of_History" class="mw-redirect" title="Hawaiian Journal of History">Hawaiian Journal of History</a></i>. <b>35</b>: 1–13. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/10524%2F339">10524/339</a> – via eVols.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Hawaiian+Journal+of+History&rft.atitle=Death+in+Hawai%CA%BBi%3A+the+Epidemics+of+1848+-+1849&rft.volume=35&rft.pages=1-13&rft.date=2001&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F10524%2F339&rft.aulast=Schmitt&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.au=Nordyke%2C+Eleanor&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhdl.handle.net%2F10524%2F339&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFather+Damien" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKuykendall1953" class="citation book cs1">Kuykendall, Ralph (1953). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ulukau.org/elib/cgi-bin/library?e=d-0kingdom2-000Sec--11en-50-20-frameset-book-kalaupapa+leprosy-1-011escapewin&a=d&d=D0&toc=0"><i>The Hawaiian Kingdom, Vol. 2: 1854-1874 Twenty Critical Years</i></a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 August</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=House+Resolution+210&rft.pub=Hawaii+State+Legislature&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.capitol.hawaii.gov%2Fsession2009%2Fbills%2FHR210_.HTM&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFather+Damien" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hawaiifreepress.com/Main/ArticlesMain/tabid/56/articleType/ArticleView/articleId/1205/St-Damien-Day-Hawaii-October-11.aspx">"St. Damien Day Hawaii October 11"</a>. Hawaii Free Press<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 July</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=St.+Augustine+by-the-sea+Roman+Catholic+Church&rft.atitle=St.+Damien+of+Molokai%3A+Servant+of+God+%E2%80%93+Servant+of+Humanity&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fstaugustinebythesea.com%2FDamien_of_Molokai.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFather+Damien" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-damien-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-damien_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarr2009" class="citation news cs1">Carr, Sherie (10 October 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140313001726/http://www.hawaiimagazine.com/blogs/hawaii_today/2009/10/10/Damien_Hawaii_Saint_Molokai_Kalaupapa_canonization/4">"Hawaii's Father Damien: From priesthood to sainthood"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 August</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Hawaii%27s+Father+Damien%3A+From+priesthood+to+sainthood&rft.date=2009-10-10&rft.aulast=Carr&rft.aufirst=Sherie&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hawaiimagazine.com%2Fblogs%2Fhawaii_today%2F2009%2F10%2F10%2FDamien_Hawaii_Saint_Molokai_Kalaupapa_canonization%2F4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFather+Damien" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ewtn.com/library/MARY/DAMIEN.HTM"><i>Damien the Leper</i></a>. Paterson, New Jersey: The Franciscans of St. Anthony's Guild. 1974.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Damien+the+Leper&rft.place=Paterson%2C+New+Jersey&rft.pub=The+Franciscans+of+St.+Anthony%27s+Guild&rft.date=1974&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ewtn.com%2Flibrary%2FMARY%2FDAMIEN.HTM&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFather+Damien" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">PBS, 23 January 2009, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pbs.org/wnet/religionandethics/2009/01/23/january-23-2009-father-damiens-legacy/2030/">Father Damien’s Legacy</a>, Retrieved 11 September 2015</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ewtn.com/library/MARY/DAMIEN.HTM">"Damien The Leper"</a>. EWTN<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 August</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Damien+The+Leper&rft.pub=EWTN&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ewtn.com%2Flibrary%2FMARY%2FDAMIEN.HTM&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFather+Damien" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-starbulletin.com-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-starbulletin.com_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"The Life of Father Damien". <i>The Star-Bulletin</i>. Honolulu, Hawaii. 7 October 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Star-Bulletin&rft.atitle=The+Life+of+Father+Damien&rft.date=2009-10-07&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFather+Damien" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDemers2010" class="citation journal cs1">Demers, Daniel J. (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://evols.library.manoa.hawaii.edu/handle/10524/12254">"Letters for Damien"</a>. <i>evols.library.manoa.hawaii.edu</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=evols.library.manoa.hawaii.edu&rft.atitle=Letters+for+Damien&rft.date=2010&rft.aulast=Demers&rft.aufirst=Daniel+J.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fevols.library.manoa.hawaii.edu%2Fhandle%2F10524%2F12254&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFather+Damien" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Daws (1984), <i>Holy Man: Father Damien</i>, p. 89</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Daws (1984), <i>Holy Man: Father Damien</i>, p. 9</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-letter-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-letter_37-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-letter_37-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-letter_37-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-letter_37-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-letter_37-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStevenson1922" class="citation book cs1">Stevenson, Robert Lewis (1922). "Father Damien – An Open Letter to the Reverend Dr. Hyde of Honolulu". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=iWY4AAAAIAAJ"><i>The Works of Robert Louis Stevenson, Volume 15</i></a>. W. Heinemann in association with Chatto and Windus, Cassell and Longmans, Green. pp. 479–501. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780598632739" title="Special:BookSources/9780598632739"><bdi>9780598632739</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Father+Damien+%E2%80%93+An+Open+Letter+to+the+Reverend+Dr.+Hyde+of+Honolulu&rft.btitle=The+Works+of+Robert+Louis+Stevenson%2C+Volume+15&rft.pages=479-501&rft.pub=W.+Heinemann+in+association+with+Chatto+and+Windus%2C+Cassell+and+Longmans%2C+Green&rft.date=1922&rft.isbn=9780598632739&rft.aulast=Stevenson&rft.aufirst=Robert+Lewis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DiWY4AAAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFather+Damien" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Moblo, "Blessed Damien of Molokai" (1997). Note: At that time, "Carelessness" was a reference to the association of leprosy with <a href="/wiki/Syphilis" title="Syphilis">syphilis</a>, both of which were considered <a href="/wiki/Sexually_transmitted_infection" title="Sexually transmitted infection">sexually transmitted diseases</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Daws (1984), <i>Holy Man: Father Damien</i>, p. 12</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Daws_1984_p._14-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Daws_1984_p._14_40-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Daws_1984_p._14_40-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Daws (1984), <i>Holy Man: Father Damien</i>, p. 14</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jan_De_Volder&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jan De Volder (page does not exist)">Jan De Volder</a>, <i>The Spirit of Father Damien</i> (San Francisco, Ignatius Press, 2010) p.167</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cnn.com/2009/WORLD/europe/10/12/pope.canonization/index.html">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Father Damian' among new Vatican saints - CNN.com"</a>. <i>www.cnn.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.cnn.com&rft.atitle=%27Father+Damian%27+among+new+Vatican+saints+-+CNN.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2009%2FWORLD%2Feurope%2F10%2F12%2Fpope.canonization%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFather+Damien" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bernardo-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bernardo_43-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bernardo_43-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBernardo2008" class="citation web cs1">Bernardo, Rosemarie (4 July 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archives.starbulletin.com/2008/07/04/news/story03.html">"Aiea woman excited for her saint in making"</a>. The Star-Bulletin<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 October</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Aiea+woman+excited+for+her+saint+in+making&rft.pub=The+Star-Bulletin&rft.date=2008-07-04&rft.aulast=Bernardo&rft.aufirst=Rosemarie&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchives.starbulletin.com%2F2008%2F07%2F04%2Fnews%2Fstory03.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFather+Damien" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-miracle-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-miracle_44-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDownes2003" class="citation news cs1">Downes, Patrick (28 March 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110724184442/http://www.hawaiicatholicherald.org/BlessedDamien/tabid/311/newsid916/418/Default.aspx">"Tribunal to examine Blessed Damien miracle claim"</a>. <i>Hawaii Catholic Herald</i>. Honolulu, Hawaii: Diocese of Honolulu. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hawaiicatholicherald.org/BlessedDamien/tabid/311/newsid916/418/Default.aspx">the original</a> on 24 July 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 July</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Hawaii+Catholic+Herald&rft.atitle=Tribunal+to+examine+Blessed+Damien+miracle+claim&rft.date=2003-03-28&rft.aulast=Downes&rft.aufirst=Patrick&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hawaiicatholicherald.org%2FBlessedDamien%2Ftabid%2F311%2Fnewsid916%2F418%2FDefault.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFather+Damien" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201015173305/https://www.kitv.com/story/33513433/88-year-old-miracle-recipient-honored-at-father-damien-mass">"88-year-old miracle recipient honored at Father Damien mass"</a>. <i>www.kitv.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kitv.com/story/33513433/88-year-old-miracle-recipient-honored-at-father-damien-mass">the original</a> on 15 October 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.kitv.com&rft.atitle=88-year-old+miracle+recipient+honored+at+Father+Damien+mass&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.kitv.com%2Fstory%2F33513433%2F88-year-old-miracle-recipient-honored-at-father-damien-mass&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFather+Damien" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120405044610/http://www.kitv.com/news/16763324/detail.html">"Vatican Votes To Elevate Father Damien To Sainthood"</a>. <i>KITV Honolulu</i>. kitv.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kitv.com/news/16763324/detail.html">the original</a> on 5 April 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 July</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=KITV+Honolulu&rft.atitle=Vatican+Votes+To+Elevate+Father+Damien+To+Sainthood&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kitv.com%2Fnews%2F16763324%2Fdetail.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFather+Damien" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091014095119/http://www.lesoir.be/actualite/monde/2009-10-11/affluence-canonisation-pere-damien-731882.shtml">"Le Père Damien proclamé saint"</a>, <i>Le Soir</i>, 11 October 2009, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lesoir.be/actualite/monde/2009-10-11/affluence-canonisation-pere-damien-731882.shtml">the original</a> on 14 October 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 October</span> 2009</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Le+Soir&rft.atitle=Le+P%C3%A8re+Damien+proclam%C3%A9+saint&rft.date=2009-10-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lesoir.be%2Factualite%2Fmonde%2F2009-10-11%2Faffluence-canonisation-pere-damien-731882.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFather+Damien" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sweas, Megan. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uscatholic.org/news/2009/10/obama-says-st-damien-gave-voice-voiceless-dignity-sick">"Obama Says St. Damien Gave Voice to Voiceless, Dignity to the Sick."</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120407073553/http://www.uscatholic.org/news/2009/10/obama-says-st-damien-gave-voice-voiceless-dignity-sick">Archived</a> 7 April 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <i>Catholic News Service</i>. 14 October 2009.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nytimes-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-nytimes_49-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDonadio2009" class="citation news cs1">Donadio, Rachel (11 October 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2009/10/12/world/europe/12pope.html">"Benedict Canonizes 5 New Saints"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 October</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Benedict+Canonizes+5+New+Saints&rft.date=2009-10-11&rft.aulast=Donadio&rft.aufirst=Rachel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2009%2F10%2F12%2Fworld%2Feurope%2F12pope.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFather+Damien" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=W3e7DwAAQBAJ"><i>Lesser Feasts and Fasts 2018</i></a>. Church Publishing, Inc. 1 December 2019. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-64065-234-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-64065-234-7"><bdi>978-1-64065-234-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lesser+Feasts+and+Fasts+2018&rft.pub=Church+Publishing%2C+Inc.&rft.date=2019-12-01&rft.isbn=978-1-64065-234-7&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DW3e7DwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFather+Damien" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0053075/">"Molokai, la isla maldita (Molokai, the cursed island, 1959)"</a>. <i>Internet Movie Database</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 July</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Internet+Movie+Database&rft.atitle=Molokai%2C+la+isla+maldita+%28Molokai%2C+the+cursed+island%2C+1959%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.imdb.com%2Ftitle%2Ftt0053075%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFather+Damien" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0080590/">"Father Damien: The Leper Priest (1980) (TV)"</a>. <i>Internet Movie Database</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 July</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Internet+Movie+Database&rft.atitle=Father+Damien%3A+The+Leper+Priest+%281980%29+%28TV%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.imdb.com%2Ftitle%2Ftt0080590%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFather+Damien" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDe_Volder2010" class="citation book cs1">De Volder, Jan (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1YxHDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA73"><i>The Spirit of Father Damien: The Leper Priest-A Saint for Our Times</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Ignatius_Press" title="Ignatius Press">Ignatius Press</a>. p. 73. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-68149-557-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-68149-557-6"><bdi>978-1-68149-557-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Spirit+of+Father+Damien%3A+The+Leper+Priest-A+Saint+for+Our+Times&rft.pages=73&rft.pub=Ignatius+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1-68149-557-6&rft.aulast=De+Volder&rft.aufirst=Jan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D1YxHDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA73&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFather+Damien" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8thcircle-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-8thcircle_54-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-8thcircle_54-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWelch2010" class="citation web cs1">Welch, Rosalynde (21 April 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stltoday.com/lifestyles/faith-and-values/civil-religion/the-eighth-circle-of-paradise-father-damien-of-molokai-and/article_aed85e11-9ecc-5836-82b9-f24a8fb93d06.html">"The eighth circle of paradise: Father Damien of Molokai and Jonathan Napela in Kalaupapa"</a>. <i>St. Louis Post-Dispatch, Religion blog</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 February</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=St.+Louis+Post-Dispatch%2C+Religion+blog&rft.atitle=The+eighth+circle+of+paradise%3A+Father+Damien+of+Molokai+and+Jonathan+Napela+in+Kalaupapa&rft.date=2010-04-21&rft.aulast=Welch&rft.aufirst=Rosalynde&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stltoday.com%2Flifestyles%2Ffaith-and-values%2Fcivil-religion%2Fthe-eighth-circle-of-paradise-father-damien-of-molokai-and%2Farticle_aed85e11-9ecc-5836-82b9-f24a8fb93d06.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFather+Damien" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFarrow1937" class="citation book cs1">Farrow, John (1937). <i>Damien the Leper</i>. Camden, N.J.: <a href="/wiki/Sheed_and_Ward" title="Sheed and Ward">Sheed and Ward</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/8018072">8018072</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Damien+the+Leper&rft.place=Camden%2C+N.J.&rft.pub=Sheed+and+Ward&rft.date=1937&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F8018072&rft.aulast=Farrow&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFather+Damien" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9A0CE4DD1730E53ABC4F52DFB3668382629EDE">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Damien the Leper' Purchased by RKO; Robert Sisk to Be the Producer – Joseph Calleia Has Been Assigned to Title Role"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. 17 May 1939<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 November</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=%27Damien+the+Leper%27+Purchased+by+RKO%3B+Robert+Sisk+to+Be+the+Producer+%E2%80%93+Joseph+Calleia+Has+Been+Assigned+to+Title+Role&rft.date=1939-05-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fquery.nytimes.com%2Fgst%2Fabstract.html%3Fres%3D9A0CE4DD1730E53ABC4F52DFB3668382629EDE&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFather+Damien" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/motionpictureher136unse#page/n34/mode/1up">"Hollywood Buys 45 More Stories to Add to 1940 Feature Programs"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Motion_Picture_Herald" title="Motion Picture Herald">Motion Picture Herald</a></i>. <b>136</b> (1): 34. 1 July 1939<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 November</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Motion+Picture+Herald&rft.atitle=Hollywood+Buys+45+More+Stories+to+Add+to+1940+Feature+Programs&rft.volume=136&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=34&rft.date=1939-07-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Fmotionpictureher136unse%23page%2Fn34%2Fmode%2F1up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFather+Damien" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSnelson1938" class="citation book cs1">Snelson, Edward (1938). <i>Father Damien – A Play</i>. Longmans, Green and Co., London-New York-Toronto.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Father+Damien+%E2%80%93+A+Play&rft.pub=Longmans%2C+Green+and+Co.%2C+London-New+York-Toronto&rft.date=1938&rft.aulast=Snelson&rft.aufirst=Edward&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFather+Damien" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160522045819/http://www.billneary.com/about-bill-neary/">"About Bill Neary"</a>. <i>www.billneary.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.billneary.com/about-bill-neary/">the original</a> on 22 May 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 June</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.billneary.com&rft.atitle=About+Bill+Neary&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.billneary.com%2Fabout-bill-neary%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFather+Damien" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">These include <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbsnews.com/news/father-damien-aid-to-lepers-now-a-saint/">"Father Damien, Aid to Lepers, Now a Saint"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a></i>. 11 October 2009; De Volder, Jan and John L. Allen Jr. (FRW). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=edXGGZcR5bUC&dq=damien+HIV+AIDS&pg=PR10"><i>The Spirit of Father Damien: The Leper Priest</i></a>. Ignatius Press, 2010. p. x; Haile, Beth. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catholicmoraltheology.com/articulating-a-comprehensive-moral-response-to-hivaids-in-the-spirit-of-st-damian-of-molokai">"Articulating a Comprehensive Moral Response to HIV/AIDS in the Spirit of St. Damian of Molokai"</a>. <i>CatholicMoralTheology.com</i>. 10 May 2011; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stdamiens.org/02stdamienbiography.html">"Brief Biography of St. Damien of Molokai"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120211052309/http://www.stdamiens.org/02stdamienbiography.html">Archived</a> 11 February 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <i>St. Damien Catholic Church, Oklahoma City, OK</i>; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.flandershouse.org/father_damien">"The Canonization of Father Damien"</a>. <i>FlandersHouse.org</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Donadio, Rachel. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2009/10/12/world/europe/12pope.html">"Benedict Canonizes 5 New Saints"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. 11 October 2009.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">These include: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.damienministries.org/page.php?page_id=114979">Damien Ministries – Washington, D.C.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111108151708/http://www.damienministries.org/page.php?page_id=114979">Archived</a> 8 November 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.damien.org/about">Damien Center – Central Indiana</a>; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.albanydamiencenter.org">Albany Damien Center – Albany, New York</a>; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sicm.us/Damien_Center.html">Schenectady Damien Center – Schenectady New York</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120111021413/http://www.sicm.us/Damien_Center.html">Archived</a> 11 January 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.saintthomashollywood.org/html/the-parish/stewardship-of-facility/damien-chapel/">Damien Chapel</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121014065829/http://www.saintthomashollywood.org/html/the-parish/stewardship-of-facility/damien-chapel/">Archived</a> 14 October 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> – <a href="/w/index.php?title=St._Thomas_the_Apostle_Hollywood&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="St. Thomas the Apostle Hollywood (page does not exist)">St. Thomas the Apostle Hollywood</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201008113914/http://www.saintthomashollywood.org/html/the-parish/history/">"St. Thomas the Apostle, Hollywood » History"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.saintthomashollywood.org/html/the-parish/history/">the original</a> on 8 October 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=St.+Thomas+the+Apostle%2C+Hollywood+%C2%BB+History&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.saintthomashollywood.org%2Fhtml%2Fthe-parish%2Fhistory%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFather+Damien" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.damienhouse.net/">"Damien House, Ireland"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070928081703/http://www.damienhouse.net/">Archived</a> 28 September 2007 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140407142600/http://www.saintdamienadvocates.org/">"Home"</a>. Saintdamienadvocates.org. 8 June 2012. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://saintdamienadvocates.org/">the original</a> on 7 April 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 April</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Home&rft.pub=Saintdamienadvocates.org&rft.date=2012-06-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsaintdamienadvocates.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFather+Damien" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hawaiireporter.com/on-second-anniversary-of-obamacare-passage-hawaii-residents-join-140-other-cities-across-the-nation-to-rally-against-healthcare-mandates-impacting-religious-freedom/123">"On Second Anniversary of the Affordable Care Act Passage, Hawaii Residents Join 140 Cities Across the Nation to Rally Against Its Impact on Religious Freedom"</a>. Hawaii Reporter. 23 March 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 April</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=On+Second+Anniversary+of+the+Affordable+Care+Act+Passage%2C+Hawaii+Residents+Join+140+Cities+Across+the+Nation+to+Rally+Against+Its+Impact+on+Religious+Freedom&rft.pub=Hawaii+Reporter&rft.date=2012-03-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hawaiireporter.com%2Fon-second-anniversary-of-obamacare-passage-hawaii-residents-join-140-other-cities-across-the-nation-to-rally-against-healthcare-mandates-impacting-religious-freedom%2F123&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFather+Damien" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cssd.ab.ca/schools/stdamien/About/About-StDamien/Pages/default.aspx">"St. Damien School, CCSD"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 October</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=St.+Damien+School%2C+CCSD&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cssd.ab.ca%2Fschools%2Fstdamien%2FAbout%2FAbout-StDamien%2FPages%2Fdefault.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFather+Damien" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.facebook.com/stdamienpontiac/">"St. Damien of Molokai Parish, Pontiac MI"</a>. <i>www.facebook.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 January</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.facebook.com&rft.atitle=St.+Damien+of+Molokai+Parish%2C+Pontiac+MI&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.facebook.com%2Fstdamienpontiac%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFather+Damien" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131015083751/http://www.staugustinebythesea.com/museum/">"Museum | St. Augustine by the Sea Parish"</a>. Staugustinebythesea.com. 23 April 2013. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.staugustinebythesea.com/museum/">the original</a> on 15 October 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 April</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Museum+%26%23124%3B+St.+Augustine+by+the+Sea+Parish&rft.pub=Staugustinebythesea.com&rft.date=2013-04-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.staugustinebythesea.com%2Fmuseum%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFather+Damien" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Father_Damien&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/38px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/57px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/76px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a> has the text of the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia" title="Catholic Encyclopedia">1913 <i>Catholic Encyclopedia</i></a> article <b><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia_(1913)/Father_Damien_(Joseph_de_Veuster)" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Father Damien (Joseph de Veuster)">Father Damien (Joseph de Veuster)</a></b>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDaws1984" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Gavan_Daws" title="Gavan Daws">Daws, Gavan</a> (1984). <i>Holy Man: Father Damien of Molokai</i>. Honolulu: <a href="/wiki/University_of_Hawai%27i_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Hawai'i Press">University of Hawai'i Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8248-0920-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-8248-0920-3"><bdi>0-8248-0920-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Holy+Man%3A+Father+Damien+of+Molokai&rft.place=Honolulu&rft.pub=University+of+Hawai%27i+Press&rft.date=1984&rft.isbn=0-8248-0920-3&rft.aulast=Daws&rft.aufirst=Gavan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFather+Damien" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEynikel1999" class="citation book cs1">Eynikel, Hilde (1999). <i>Molokai: the Story of Father Damien</i>. Staten Island: Alba House. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8189-0872-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-8189-0872-6"><bdi>0-8189-0872-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Molokai%3A+the+Story+of+Father+Damien&rft.place=Staten+Island&rft.pub=Alba+House&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=0-8189-0872-6&rft.aulast=Eynikel&rft.aufirst=Hilde&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFather+Damien" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStewart2000" class="citation book cs1">Stewart, Richard (2000). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/leperpriestofmol00rich"><i>Leper Priest of Moloka'i</i></a></span>. Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8248-2322-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-8248-2322-2"><bdi>0-8248-2322-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Leper+Priest+of+Moloka%27i&rft.place=Honolulu&rft.pub=University+of+Hawai%27i+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=0-8248-2322-2&rft.aulast=Stewart&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fleperpriestofmol00rich&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFather+Damien" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Father_Damien&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Farrow, John. <i>Damien the Leper</i>. (first edition 1937; latest edition 1998) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-385-48911-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-385-48911-9">978-0-385-48911-9</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBunsonBunson2009" class="citation book cs1">Bunson, Margaret; Bunson, Matthew (2009). <i>Apostle of the Exiled: St. Damien of Molokai</i>. Huntington, Indiana: Our Sunday Visitor, Inc. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-59276-610-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-59276-610-9"><bdi>978-1-59276-610-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Apostle+of+the+Exiled%3A+St.+Damien+of+Molokai&rft.place=Huntington%2C+Indiana&rft.pub=Our+Sunday+Visitor%2C+Inc.&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1-59276-610-9&rft.aulast=Bunson&rft.aufirst=Margaret&rft.au=Bunson%2C+Matthew&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFather+Damien" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEdmond2006" class="citation book cs1">Edmond, Rod (2006). <i>Leprosy and Empire: A Medical and Cultural History</i>. Cambridge Social and Cultural Histories. Vol. 8. <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-86584-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-86584-0"><bdi>0-521-86584-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Leprosy+and+Empire%3A+A+Medical+and+Cultural+History&rft.series=Cambridge+Social+and+Cultural+Histories&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=0-521-86584-0&rft.aulast=Edmond&rft.aufirst=Rod&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFather+Damien" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGould2005" class="citation book cs1">Gould, Tony (2005). <i>A Disease Apart: Leprosy in the Modern World</i>. <a href="/wiki/Macmillan_Publishers" title="Macmillan Publishers">Macmillan</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-312-30502-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-312-30502-8"><bdi>0-312-30502-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Disease+Apart%3A+Leprosy+in+the+Modern+World&rft.pub=Macmillan&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=0-312-30502-8&rft.aulast=Gould&rft.aufirst=Tony&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFather+Damien" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMichaels2009" class="citation book cs1">Michaels, Barry (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://store.pauline.org/English/Books/tabid/126/ProductID/3218"><i>Saint Damien de Veuster: Missionary of Moloka'i</i></a>. Boston: Pauline Books & Media. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8198-7128-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8198-7128-2"><bdi>978-0-8198-7128-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Saint+Damien+de+Veuster%3A+Missionary+of+Moloka%27i&rft.place=Boston&rft.pub=Pauline+Books+%26+Media&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-8198-7128-2&rft.aulast=Michaels&rft.aufirst=Barry&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fstore.pauline.org%2FEnglish%2FBooks%2Ftabid%2F126%2FProductID%2F3218&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFather+Damien" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Father_Damien&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Father_Damien" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Father Damien">Father Damien</a> at Wikimedia Commons </p> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120418150028/http://www.fatherdamien.com/">Saint Damien of Molokai</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nps.gov/kala/">Kalaupapa National Historic Park</a> – about the human and natural community of Father Damien's work</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/search.php?query=%28%28subject%3A%22Damien%2C%20Father%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Father%20Damien%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Damien%2C%20Father%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Father%20Damien%22%20OR%20title%3A%22Father%20Damien%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Damien%2C%20Father%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Father%20Damien%22%29%20OR%20%28%221840-1889%22%20AND%20Damien%29%29%20AND%20%28-mediatype:software%29">Works by or about Father Damien</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Christianity_in_Hawaii" title="Template:Christianity in Hawaii"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Christianity_in_Hawaii" title="Template talk:Christianity in Hawaii"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Christianity_in_Hawaii" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Christianity in Hawaii"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Christianity_in_Hawaii" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Christianity in Hawaii</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Christian groups<br /> in Hawaii</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anglican_Communion" title="Anglican Communion">Anglican Communion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Hawaii" title="Church of Hawaii">Church of Hawaiʻi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Episcopal_Diocese_of_Hawaii" title="Episcopal Diocese of Hawaii">Episcopal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawaii_Pacific_Baptist_Convention" title="Hawaii Pacific Baptist Convention">Baptist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Honolulu" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Honolulu">Roman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Catholic_Community_in_Hawaii" title="Eastern Catholic Community in Hawaii">Eastern</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints_in_Hawaii" title="The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in Hawaii">Latter-day Saints</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/California-Nevada-Hawaii_District_(LCMS)" class="mw-redirect" title="California-Nevada-Hawaii District (LCMS)">Lutheran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Hope_Christian_Fellowship" title="New Hope Christian Fellowship">New Hope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oriental_Orthodox_Churches" title="Oriental Orthodox Churches">Oriental Orthodox</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coptic_Orthodox_Diocese_of_Los_Angeles,_Southern_California,_and_Hawaii" title="Coptic Orthodox Diocese of Los Angeles, Southern California, and Hawaii">Coptic Orthodox</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Church_in_Hawaii" class="mw-redirect" title="Orthodox Church in Hawaii">Orthodox</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historic chapels</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_Crossroads" title="Church of the Crossroads">Church of the Crossroads</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cathedral_Basilica_of_Our_Lady_of_Peace" title="Cathedral Basilica of Our Lady of Peace">Our Lady of Peace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waiakea_Mission_Station-Hilo_Station" title="Waiakea Mission Station-Hilo Station">Haili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hale_Halawai_O_Holualoa" title="Hale Halawai O Holualoa">Hōlualoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imiola_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Imiola Church">Imiola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ka%27ahumanu_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Ka'ahumanu Church">Kaʻahumanu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kawaiaha%CA%BBo_Church" title="Kawaiahaʻo Church">Kawaiahaʻo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laie_Hawaii_Temple" title="Laie Hawaii Temple">Lāʻie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makawao_Union_Church" title="Makawao Union Church">Makawao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makiki_Christian_Church" title="Makiki Christian Church">Makiki Christian Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Lanakila_Catholic_Church" title="Maria Lanakila Catholic Church">Maria Lanakila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mokuaikaua_Church" title="Mokuaikaua Church">Mokuʻaikaua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_of_the_Sea_Painted_Church" title="Star of the Sea Painted Church">Star of the Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cathedral_Church_of_Saint_Andrew,_Honolulu" class="mw-redirect" title="Cathedral Church of Saint Andrew, Honolulu">St. Andrew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Benedict%27s_Catholic_Church_(Honaunau,_Hawaii)" title="St. Benedict's Catholic Church (Honaunau, Hawaii)">St. Benedict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Joseph_Catholic_Church_(Hilo,_Hawaii)" title="Saint Joseph Catholic Church (Hilo, Hawaii)">St. Joseph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Michael_the_Archangel_Church_(Kailua-Kona,_Hawaii)" title="St. Michael the Archangel Church (Kailua-Kona, Hawaii)">St. Michael the Archangel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waiola_Church" title="Waiola Church">Waiola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waioli_Mission_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Waioli Mission District">Waiʻoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wananalua_Congregational_Church" title="Wananalua Congregational Church">Wānanalua</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_missionaries_to_Hawaii" title="List of missionaries to Hawaii">Missionaries</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Patterson_Alexander" title="William Patterson Alexander">W. P. Alexander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorrin_Andrews" title="Lorrin Andrews">Lorrin Andrews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Armstrong_(Hawaii_missionary)" title="Richard Armstrong (Hawaii missionary)">Richard Armstrong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexis_Bachelot" title="Alexis Bachelot">Alexis Bachelot </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dwight_Baldwin_(missionary)" title="Dwight Baldwin (missionary)">Dwight Baldwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiram_Bingham_I" title="Hiram Bingham I">Hiram Bingham I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiram_Bingham_II" title="Hiram Bingham II">Hiram Bingham II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sereno_Edwards_Bishop" title="Sereno Edwards Bishop">Sereno Edwards Bishop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elias_Bond" class="mw-redirect" title="Elias Bond">Elias Bond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libert_H._Boeynaems" title="Libert H. Boeynaems">Libert H. Boeynaems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ephraim_Weston_Clark" title="Ephraim Weston Clark">Ephraim Weston Clark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titus_Coan" title="Titus Coan">Titus Coan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amos_Starr_Cooke" title="Amos Starr Cooke">A. S. Cooke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marianne_Cope" title="Marianne Cope">Marianne Cope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Coudrin" class="mw-redirect" title="Peter Coudrin">Peter Coudrin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_C._Damon" title="Samuel C. Damon">Samuel C. Damon</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Father Damien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheldon_Dibble" title="Sheldon Dibble">Sheldon Dibble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Dole" title="Daniel Dole">Daniel Dole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Dutton" title="Joseph Dutton">Joseph Dutton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Ellis_(British_missionary)" title="William Ellis (British missionary)">William Ellis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ursula_Newell_Emerson" title="Ursula Newell Emerson">Ursula Emerson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Smith_Green" title="Jonathan Smith Green">J. S. Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Johnson_Gulick" title="Peter Johnson Gulick">P. J. Gulick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edwin_Oscar_Hall" title="Edwin Oscar Hall">E. O. Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merriman_Colbert_Harris" title="Merriman Colbert Harris">Merriman Harris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harvey_Rexford_Hitchcock" title="Harvey Rexford Hitchcock">H. R. Hitchcock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_McEwen_Hyde" title="Charles McEwen Hyde">Charles McEwen Hyde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerrit_P._Judd" title="Gerrit P. Judd">Gerrit P. Judd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Belden_Lyman" title="David Belden Lyman">David Lyman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorenzo_Lyons" title="Lorenzo Lyons">Lorenzo Lyons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_D%C3%A9sir%C3%A9_Maigret" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis Désiré Maigret">Louis Maigret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Davis_Paris" title="John Davis Paris">John D. Paris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Harrison_Rice" title="William Harrison Rice">W. H. Rice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Richards_(Hawaii)" class="mw-redirect" title="William Richards (Hawaii)">William Richards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Nettleship_Staley" title="Thomas Nettleship Staley">Thomas Staley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betsey_Stockton" title="Betsey Stockton">Betsey Stockton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_M._Systermans" title="John M. Systermans">John M. Systermans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asa_Thurston" title="Asa Thurston">Asa Thurston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucy_Goodale_Thurston" title="Lucy Goodale Thurston">Lucy Goodale Thurston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abner_Wilcox" title="Abner Wilcox">Abner Wilcox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Willis" title="Alfred Willis">Alfred Willis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Native Christians</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_Akaka" title="Abraham Akaka">Abraham Akaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akaiko_Akana" title="Akaiko Akana">Akaiko Akana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hewahewa" title="Hewahewa">Hewahewa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Hoapili_Ka%CA%BBauwai" title="William Hoapili Kaʻauwai">William Hoapili Kaʻauwai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Kahale" title="Edward Kahale">Edward Kahale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alice_Kahokuoluna" title="Alice Kahokuoluna">Alice Kahokuoluna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Kamau" title="William Kamau">William Kamau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kapi%CA%BBolani_(chiefess)" title="Kapiʻolani (chiefess)">Kapiʻolani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Kekela" title="James Kekela">James Kekela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Kekumano" title="Charles Kekumano">Charles Kekumano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ke%C5%8Dp%C5%ABolani" title="Keōpūolani">Keōpūolani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helio_Koa%CA%BBeloa" title="Helio Koaʻeloa">Helio Koaʻeloa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joel_Hulu_Mahoe" title="Joel Hulu Mahoe">Joel Hulu Mahoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Malo" title="David Malo">David Malo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonatana_Napela" title="Jonatana Napela">Jonatana Napela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Opukahaia" title="Henry Opukahaia">Henry Opukahaia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puaaiki" title="Puaaiki">Puaʻaiki</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edict_of_Toleration_(Hawaii)" title="Edict of Toleration (Hawaii)">Edict of Toleration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_invasion_of_Honolulu" title="French invasion of Honolulu">French invasion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laplace_affair" title="Laplace affair">Laplace affair</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Honolulu" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background-color:gold"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Honolulu" title="Template:Roman Catholic Diocese of Honolulu"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Honolulu" title="Template talk:Roman Catholic Diocese of Honolulu"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Honolulu" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Roman Catholic Diocese of Honolulu"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Honolulu" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Honolulu" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Honolulu"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:black">Roman Catholic Diocese of Honolulu</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Ordinaries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Prefecture_Apostolic_of_the_Sandwich_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Prefecture Apostolic of the Sandwich Islands">Prefect Apostolic of the Sandwich Islands</a></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Alexis_Bachelot" title="Alexis Bachelot">Alexis Bachelot</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Vicar_of_the_Hawaiian_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Apostolic Vicar of the Hawaiian Islands">Vicars Apostolic of the Hawaiian Islands</a></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Louis_D%C3%A9sir%C3%A9_Maigret" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis Désiré Maigret">Louis Désiré Maigret</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Herman_Koeckemann" title="Herman Koeckemann">Herman Koeckemann</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Gulstan_Ropert" title="Gulstan Ropert">Gulstan Ropert</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Libert_H._Boeynaems" title="Libert H. Boeynaems">Libert H. Boeynaems</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Alencastre" title="Stephen Alencastre">Stephen Alencastre</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Bishop_of_Honolulu" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic Bishop of Honolulu">Bishops of Honolulu</a></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/James_Joseph_Sweeney" title="James Joseph Sweeney">James Joseph Sweeney</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/John_Joseph_Scanlan" title="John Joseph Scanlan">John Joseph Scanlan</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Anthony_Ferrario" title="Joseph Anthony Ferrario">Joseph Anthony Ferrario</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Francis_X._DiLorenzo" title="Francis X. DiLorenzo">Francis X. DiLorenzo</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Clarence_Richard_Silva" title="Clarence Richard Silva">Clarence Richard Silva</a></dd></dl> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Honolulu.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Honolulu.svg/100px-Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Honolulu.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Honolulu.svg/150px-Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Honolulu.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Honolulu.svg/200px-Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Honolulu.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="854" data-file-height="1245" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Churches</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>Cathedrals</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Cathedral_Basilica_of_Our_Lady_of_Peace" title="Cathedral Basilica of Our Lady of Peace">Cathedral Basilica of Our Lady of Peace</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Co-Cathedral_of_Saint_Theresa_of_the_Child_Jesus" class="mw-redirect" title="Co-Cathedral of Saint Theresa of the Child Jesus">Co-Cathedral of Saint Theresa of the Child Jesus</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt>Parishes</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Saint_Mary_Catholic_Church_(Hana,_Hawaii)" title="Saint Mary Catholic Church (Hana, Hawaii)">St. Mary Church, Hana</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sacred_Heart_Church-Punahou" title="Sacred Heart Church-Punahou">Sacred Heart Church-Punahou</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Saint_John_the_Baptist_Catholic_Church_(Honolulu,_Hawaii)" title="Saint John the Baptist Catholic Church (Honolulu, Hawaii)">Saint John the Baptist Church</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Most_Sacred_Heart_of_Jesus_Catholic_Church_(Hawi,_Hawaii)" title="Most Sacred Heart of Jesus Catholic Church (Hawi, Hawaii)">Most Sacred Heart of Jesus Church, Hawi</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Saint_Joseph_Catholic_Church_(Hilo,_Hawaii)" title="Saint Joseph Catholic Church (Hilo, Hawaii)">St. Joseph Church, Hilo</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Holy_Trinity_Catholic_Church_(Honolulu)" title="Holy Trinity Catholic Church (Honolulu)">Holy Trinity Church, Honolulu</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Our_Lady_of_the_Mount_Catholic_Church_(Honolulu)" title="Our Lady of the Mount Catholic Church (Honolulu)">Our Lady of the Mount Church, Honolulu</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Saint_Anthony_Catholic_Church_(Honolulu)" title="Saint Anthony Catholic Church (Honolulu)">St. Anthony Church, Honolulu</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Saint_Augustine_by_the_Sea_Catholic_Church" title="Saint Augustine by the Sea Catholic Church">St. Augustine by the Sea Church, Honolulu</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Saint_Patrick_Catholic_Church,_Honolulu" title="Saint Patrick Catholic Church, Honolulu">St. Patrick Church, Honolulu</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Saints_Peter_and_Paul_Catholic_Church_(Honolulu)" title="Saints Peter and Paul Catholic Church (Honolulu)">Saints Peter and Paul Church, Honolulu</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/St._Michael_the_Archangel_Church_(Kailua-Kona,_Hawaii)" title="St. Michael the Archangel Church (Kailua-Kona, Hawaii)">St. Michael the Archangel Church, Kailua-Kona</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Star_of_the_Sea_Painted_Church" title="Star of the Sea Painted Church">Star of the Sea Church, Kalapana</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Saint_Ann_Catholic_Church_(Kaneohe,_Hawaii)" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Ann Catholic Church (Kaneohe, Hawaii)">St. Ann Church, Kaneohe</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Saint_Theresa_Catholic_Church_(Kekaha,_Hawaii)" title="Saint Theresa Catholic Church (Kekaha, Hawaii)">St. Theresa Church, Kekaha</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Saint_Raphael_Catholic_Church_(Koloa,_Hawaii)" title="Saint Raphael Catholic Church (Koloa, Hawaii)">St. Raphael Church, Koloa</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Our_Lady_Queen_of_Angels_Catholic_Church_(Kula,_Hawaii)" title="Our Lady Queen of Angels Catholic Church (Kula, Hawaii)">Our Lady Queen of Angels Church, Kula</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Holy_Ghost_Catholic_Church_(Kula,_Hawaii)" title="Holy Ghost Catholic Church (Kula, Hawaii)">Holy Ghost Church, Kula</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Maria_Lanakila_Catholic_Church" title="Maria Lanakila Catholic Church">Maria Lanakila Catholic Church, Lahaina</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Immaculate_Conception_Catholic_Church_(Lihue,_Hawaii)" title="Immaculate Conception Catholic Church (Lihue, Hawaii)">Immaculate Conception Church, Lihue</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Saint_Joseph_Catholic_Church_(Makawao,_Hawaii)" title="Saint Joseph Catholic Church (Makawao, Hawaii)">St. Joseph Church, Makawao</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Our_Lady_of_Good_Counsel_Catholic_Church_(Pearl_City,_Hawaii)" title="Our Lady of Good Counsel Catholic Church (Pearl City, Hawaii)">Our Lady of Good Counsel Church, Pearl City</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Resurrection_of_the_Lord_Catholic_Church_(Waipahu,_Hawaii)" class="mw-redirect" title="Resurrection of the Lord Catholic Church (Waipahu, Hawaii)">Resurrection of the Lord Church, Waipahu</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/St._Benedict%27s_Catholic_Church_(Honaunau,_Hawaii)" title="St. Benedict's Catholic Church (Honaunau, Hawaii)">St. Benedict's Church, Honaunau</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Education</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>Higher education</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Chaminade_University_of_Honolulu" title="Chaminade University of Honolulu">Chaminade University of Honolulu</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt>High schools</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Damien_Memorial_School" title="Damien Memorial School">Damien Memorial School, Honolulu</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Maryknoll_School" title="Maryknoll School">Maryknoll School, Honolulu</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sacred_Hearts_Academy" title="Sacred Hearts Academy">Sacred Hearts Academy, Honolulu</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Saint_Francis_School_(Hawaii)" title="Saint Francis School (Hawaii)">St. Francis School, Honolulu</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Saint_Louis_School" title="Saint Louis School">St. Louis School, Honolulu</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/St._Anthony_School_(Wailuku,_Hawaii)" title="St. Anthony School (Wailuku, Hawaii)">St. Anthony School, Wailuku</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/St._Joseph_School_(Hilo,_Hawaii)" title="St. Joseph School (Hilo, Hawaii)">St. Joseph School, Hilo</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Priests</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Lane_K._Akiona" title="Lane K. Akiona">Lane K. Akiona</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Marc_R._Alexander" title="Marc R. Alexander">Marc R. Alexander</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Maximin_Alff" title="Maximin Alff">Maximin Alff</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Abraham_Armand" title="Abraham Armand">Abraham Armand</a></dd> <dd><a class="mw-selflink selflink">St. Damien de Veuster</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Charles_Kekumano" title="Charles Kekumano">Charles Kekumano</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Francis_A._Marzen" title="Francis A. Marzen">Francis A. Marzen</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Columba_Murphy" title="Columba Murphy">Columba Murphy</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Jules_C._E._Riotte" title="Jules C. E. Riotte">Jules C. E. Riotte</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Short_(priest)" title="Patrick Short (priest)">Patrick Short</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/John_M._Systermans" title="John M. Systermans">John M. Systermans</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Benedict_M._Vierra" title="Benedict M. Vierra">Benedict M. Vierra</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Arsenius_Walsh" title="Arsenius Walsh">Arsenius Walsh</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Miscellany</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><i><a href="/wiki/Hawaii_Catholic_Herald" title="Hawaii Catholic Herald">Hawaii Catholic Herald</a></i></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Malia_O_Ka_Malu" title="Malia O Ka Malu">Malia O Ka Malu</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Marianne_Cope" title="Marianne Cope">St. Marianne Cope</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="3" style="background-color:gold"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Flag_of_Hawaii.svg/16px-Flag_of_Hawaii.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Flag_of_Hawaii.svg/24px-Flag_of_Hawaii.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Flag_of_Hawaii.svg/32px-Flag_of_Hawaii.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Hawaii" title="Portal:Hawaii">Hawaii portal</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:046CupolaSPietro.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/16px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg" decoding="async" width="16" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/24px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/32px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Catholicism">Catholicism portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-item{display:inline-block;margin:0.15em 0.2em;min-height:24px;line-height:24px}@media screen and (max-width:768px){.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;flex-flow:column wrap;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{text-align:center;flex:0;padding-left:0.5em;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;align-items:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;align-items:center;flex:0;column-gap:1em;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0 auto;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none;margin:0;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><span class="portal-bar-header"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portals</a>:</span><ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Gloriole_blur.svg/21px-Gloriole_blur.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Gloriole_blur.svg/32px-Gloriole_blur.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Gloriole_blur.svg/42px-Gloriole_blur.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="32" data-file-height="28" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Saints" title="Portal:Saints">Saints</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/19px-P_vip.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/28px-P_vip.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/37px-P_vip.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1911" data-file-height="1944" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Biography" title="Portal:Biography">Biography</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:046CupolaSPietro.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/21px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg" decoding="async" width="21" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/32px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/42px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Catholicism">Catholicism</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Flag_of_Hawaii.svg/21px-Flag_of_Hawaii.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Flag_of_Hawaii.svg/32px-Flag_of_Hawaii.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Flag_of_Hawaii.svg/42px-Flag_of_Hawaii.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Hawaii" title="Portal:Hawaii">Hawaii</a></li></ul></div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236088147">.mw-parser-output .sister-bar{display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline;font-size:88%;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em 0 0;padding:0 2em}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;padding:0.2em 0;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px;line-height:22px}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;align-items:baseline;padding:0.2em 0;column-gap:1em;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-item{display:flex;align-items:baseline;margin:0.15em 0;min-height:24px;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-logo{width:22px;line-height:22px;margin:0 0.2em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-link{margin:0 0.2em;text-align:left}@media screen and (max-width:960px){.mw-parser-output .sister-bar{flex-flow:column wrap;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-header{flex:0 1}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-content{flex:1;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-item{flex:0 0 20em;min-width:20em}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+link+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+style+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+.navbox-styles+.portal-bar{margin-top:-1px}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sister-bar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="noprint metadata sister-bar" role="navigation" aria-label="sister-projects"><div class="sister-bar-header"><b>Father Damien</b> at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects"><span id="sister-projects" style="white-space:nowrap;">sister projects</span></a>:</div><ul class="sister-bar-content"><li class="sister-bar-item"><span class="sister-bar-logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/14px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/21px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/28px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-bar-link"><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Father_Damien" class="extiw" title="c:Category:Father Damien">Media</a></b> from Commons</span></li></ul></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232785#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232785#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232785#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000109278808">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/97757847">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1800766/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJmXKD8hry7yr7KB3JRHYP">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118525034">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n79056770">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12100205w">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12100205w">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00620554">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35139731">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=jn20040302002&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX1010964">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.bnportugal.gov.pt/aut/catbnp/1535876">Portugal</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p07007867X">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000312152&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bncatalogo.cl/F?func=direct&local_base=red10&doc_number=000064769">Chile</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810547037405606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=495/10392">Vatican</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007594814105171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.kbr.be/LIBRARY/doc/AUTHORITY/13958366">Belgium</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/839401">Trove</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd118525034.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/118525034">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/027409872">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6611wtx">SNAC</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Father_Damien&oldid=1258730404">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Father_Damien&oldid=1258730404</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Roman_Catholic_missionaries_in_Hawaii" title="Category:Roman Catholic missionaries 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